title: Optimal local control and tolerability of three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy in prostate cancer: a single institutional experience of dose escalation in 125 patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate long-term late side effects, clinical and biochemical relapse in non-metastatic prostate cancer patients treated with dose escalation, from 74 to 78 Gy, by means of three dimensional conformal radiation therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical data of 125 patients with prostate cancer who underwent three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy were retrospectively evaluated. All patients were stratified, according to the NCCN classification, in low, intermediate and high risk, and all of them showed histologically proven adenocarcinoma stage T1-T3 with at least 2 years of follow-up. Late toxicity was analyzed using a modified Radiation Therapy Oncology Group toxicity scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With a median of follow-up of 48 months, grade ≥2 late genitourinary toxicity was reported in 18% and grade ≥2 gastrointestinal toxicity was detected in 12%. The PSA relapse rate was 20% in the high-risk group, 7% in the intermediate-risk group, and 3% in the low-risk group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Late side effects and tumor control in patients with non-metastatic prostate cancer in dose escalation from 74 to 78 Gy was acceptable. Three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy still represents a valid therapeutic option for departments where intensity-modulated radiation therapy or image-guided radiation therapy is still not available.
authors: Giuseppe
authors: G
authors: Ferrera
authors: Giovanni
authors: G
authors: Caminiti
authors: Antonietta
authors: A
authors: Grillo
authors: Filippo
authors: F
authors: Alongi
authors: Giovanna
authors: G
authors: Evangelista
authors: Emanuela
authors: E
authors: Greco
authors: Teresa
authors: T
authors: Cucchiara
authors: Michele
authors: M
authors: Bono
authors: Gianluca
authors: G
authors: Mortellaro
authors: Antonio
authors: A
authors: Cirrincione
authors: Francesca
authors: F
authors: Dalia
authors: Giuseppina
authors: G
authors: Iacoviello
authors: Vittorio
authors: V
authors: Caputo
authors: Massimo
authors: M
authors: Midiri
authors: Francesco
authors: F
authors: Sciumè
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000528:radiation effects; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000209:etiology; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods*; D012007:Rectum / Q000528:radiation effects; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000528:radiation effects; D014566:Urogenital System / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen