title: Coronary artery calcification: pathogenesis and prognostic implications.
abstract: Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is a risk factor for adverse outcomes in the general population and in patients with coronary artery disease. The pathogenesis of CAC and bone formation share common pathways, and risk factors have been identified that contribute to the initiation and progression of CAC. Efforts to control CAC with medical therapy have not been successful. Event-free survival is also reduced in patients with coronary calcification after both percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and bypass graft surgery. Although drug-eluting stents and devices for plaque modification have modestly improved outcomes in calcified vessels, adverse event rates are still high. Innovative pharmacologic and device-based approaches are needed to improve the poor prognosis of patients with CAC.
authors: New York-Presbyterian Hospital and the Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York.
authors: Mahesh V
authors: MV
authors: Madhavan
authors: Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, New York.
authors: Madhusudhan
authors: M
authors: Tarigopula
authors: Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, New York.
authors: Gary S
authors: GS
authors: Mintz
authors: New York-Presbyterian Hospital and the Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York; Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, New York.
authors: Akiko
authors: A
authors: Maehara
authors: New York-Presbyterian Hospital and the Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York; Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, New York.
authors: Gregg W
authors: GW
authors: Stone
authors: New York-Presbyterian Hospital and the Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York; Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, New York; Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada. Electronic address: pg2295@columbia.edu.
authors: Philippe
authors: P
authors: Généreux
mesh_terms: D002114:Calcinosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D054855:Drug-Eluting Stents; D014943:Global Health; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D062645:Percutaneous Coronary Intervention / Q000379:methods*; D011379:Prognosis; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
keywords: PCI; coronary artery calcification; coronary artery disease