title: Cripto-1 expression in glioblastoma multiforme.
abstract: Human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive cancer with a very poor prognosis. Cripto-1 (CR-1) has a key regulatory role in embryogenesis, while in adult tissue re-expression of CR-1 has been correlated to malignant progression in solid cancers of non-neuronal origin. As CR-1 expression has yet to be described in cerebral cancer and CR-1 is regulated by signaling pathways dysregulated in GBM, we aimed to investigate CR-1 in the context of expression in GBM. The study was performed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blotting, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry to analyze the blood and tissue from 28 GBM and 4 low-grade glioma patients. Within the patient cohort, we found high CR-1 protein levels in blood plasma to significantly correlate with a shorter overall survival. We identified CR-1 in different areas of GBM tissue, including perivascular tumor cells, and in endothelial cells. Collectively, our data suggest that CR-1 could be a prognostic biomarker for GBM with the potential of being a therapeutic target.
authors: Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biomedicine Group, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
authors: Linda
authors: L
authors: Pilgaard
authors: Joachim Høg
authors: JH
authors: Mortensen
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Henriksen
authors: Pia
authors: P
authors: Olesen
authors: Preben
authors: P
authors: Sørensen
authors: Rene
authors: R
authors: Laursen
authors: Mogens
authors: M
authors: Vyberg
authors: Ralf
authors: R
authors: Agger
authors: Vladimir
authors: V
authors: Zachar
authors: Torben
authors: T
authors: Moos
authors: Meg
authors: M
authors: Duroux
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; C070636:TDGF1 protein, human
keywords: CR-1; endothelial proliferation; glioblastoma multiforme; microvasculature; plasma biomarker; tumor niche