title: Confined space medicine and the medical management of complex rescues: a case series.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A variety of hazards can precipitate the full or partial collapse of occupied structures. The rescue of entrapped survivors in these situations can be complex, require a multidisciplinary approach, and last for many hours.
  
  
  METHODS
  The modern discipline of Urban Search and Rescue, which includes an active medical component, has evolved to address such situations. This case series spans several decades of experience and highlights the medical principles in the response to collapsed structure incidents.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Recurring concepts of confined space medicine include rescuer safety, inter-disciplinary coordination, patient protection, medical resuscitation in austere environments, and technical extrications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Strategies have been developed to address the varied challenges in the medical response to collapsed structure incidents.
authors: Department of Emergency Medicine in the School of Medicine and Health Sciences The George Washington University, Washington, DC.
authors: Bruno
authors: B
authors: Petinaux
authors: Department of Emergency Medicine in the School of Medicine and Health Sciences The George Washington University, Washington, DC.
authors: Anthony G
authors: AG
authors: Macintyre
authors: School of Engineering and Applied Sciences The George Washington University, Washington, DC.
authors: Joseph A
authors: JA
authors: Barbera
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D020378:Confined Spaces; D054597:Disaster Medicine / Q000379:methods; D004189:Disaster Planning / Q000379:methods; D055866:Earthquakes; D004635:Emergency Medicine / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018635:Rescue Work / Q000379:methods*; D012151:Resuscitation / Q000379:methods; D012449:Safety