title: Beneficial effects of liraglutide on adipocytokines, insulin sensitivity parameters and cardiovascular risk biomarkers in patients with Type 2 diabetes: a prospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of liraglutide after 14 weeks of treatment on serum adipokines, insulin resistance index and cardiovascular risk biomarkers in overweight or obese T2DM patients unable to achieve glycemic control with metformin alone or in association with a sulfonylurea in daily clinical practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study in 59 consecutive overweight or obese (BMI≥25kg/m(2)) T2DM patients unable to achieve glycemic control (HbA1c>7%, 53mmol/mol) with metformin alone or in association with sulfonylurea that require initiation of liraglutide in progressive dose increase up to 1.8mg/day subcutaneously. Weight, body composition, blood pressure, glucose, HbA1c, C-peptide, insulin, plasma lipids, adipokines (leptin, adiponectin, resistin and visfatin) as well as cardiovascular biomarkers (IL-6 and TNF-a) levels were measured fasting at baseline and 14 weeks after liraglutide initiation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  14 weeks of liraglutide treatment significantly reduced HbA1c, BMI and total body fat mass by 0.9%, 1.4kg/m(2) and 0.5% respectively. Statistically significant lower insulin resistance and higher insulin secretion was found by HOMA-IR 8.4 (1.6) vs 4.6 (0.9)molmIU/L(2) and HOMA-B 48.2 (9.0) vs 87.6 (16.3)μIU/mmol. Statistically significantly higher levels of visfatin 6.3 (2.1) vs 6.8 (2.1)ng/ml and resistin 3.6 (2.0) vs 4.3 (2.3)ng/ml were also observed after treatment. Baseline visfatin was negatively correlated with basal fasting plasma glucose r=-0.360 (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Liraglutide treatment for 14 weeks in daily clinical practice led to reduction of BMI and improvement of glucose control and insulin sensitivity and resistance parameters. Additionally, circulating levels of adipokines and pro-inflammatory factors could play an important role in GLP-1 treatment response.
authors: Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Universitary Hospital of Valladolid, IEN-University of Valladolid, Spain. Electronic address: diazsotogonzalo@gmail.com.
authors: Gonzalo
authors: G
authors: Díaz-Soto
authors: Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Universitary Hospital of Valladolid, IEN-University of Valladolid, Spain; Unit of Investigation, Hospital Rio Hortega, IEN-University of Valladolid, Spain.
authors: Daniel Antonio
authors: DA
authors: de Luis
authors: Unit of Investigation, Hospital Rio Hortega, IEN-University of Valladolid, Spain.
authors: Rosa
authors: R
authors: Conde-Vicente
authors: Unit of Investigation, Hospital Rio Hortega, IEN-University of Valladolid, Spain.
authors: Olatz
authors: O
authors: Izaola-Jauregui
authors: Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Universitary Hospital of Valladolid, IEN-University of Valladolid, Spain.
authors: Carmen
authors: C
authors: Ramos
authors: Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Universitary Hospital of Valladolid, IEN-University of Valladolid, Spain.
authors: Enrique
authors: E
authors: Romero
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D000069450:Liraglutide; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D000069450:Liraglutide; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1
keywords: Adipocytokines; GLP-1 analogs; Liraglutide; Type 2 diabetes; Visfatin