title: Effects of locally administered tiludronic acid on experimental periodontitis in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It appears there are no studies evaluating the influence of the bisphosphonate tiludronic acid (TIL) on periodontitis. The purpose of this study is to evaluate via microtomographic, histopathologic, histometric, and immunohistochemical analyses the effects of local administration of TIL on ligature-induced periodontitis in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight rats were divided into six groups: C (control), EP (experimental periodontitis), EP-Saline, EP-TIL0.1, EP-TIL0.3, and EP-TIL1. In EP, a ligature was placed around maxillary second molars. In EP-TIL0.1, EP-TIL0.3, and EP-TIL1, TIL solutions of 0.1, 0.3, and 1 mg/kg body weight, respectively, were injected into the subperiosteal palatal area adjacent to maxillary second molars every other day. EP-Saline received 0.9% NaCl solution instead. Animals were euthanized at day 11. Bone changes were evaluated by microtomographic and histometric analyses. Histopathologic analysis and immunohistochemical detection of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) were also performed. Data were statistically analyzed (analysis of variance or Kruskal-Wallis, P <0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Histometric and microtomographic analyses (at buccal, interproximal, and furcation sites) demonstrated that EP-TIL1 presented less alveolar bone loss (ABL) than EP (P <0.05), whereas EP-TIL0.1 and EP-TIL0.3 did not demonstrate significant differences in alveolar bone level compared to EP (P >0.05). Also, EP-TIL1 showed significantly fewer TRAP-positive multinucleated osteoclasts than EP and EP-Saline (P <0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It can be concluded that locally administered TIL solution (1 mg/kg body weight) reduced alveolar bone loss in experimental periodontitis and the dosage of TIL may influence its anti-inflammatory and antiresorptive properties.
authors: Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic, Division of Periodontics, Dental School of Araçatuba, UNESP, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.
authors: Flávia A C
authors: FA
authors: Furlaneto
authors: Nara L T
authors: NL
authors: Nunes
authors: Ivan L
authors: IL
authors: Oliveira Filho
authors: Nicolly P R
authors: NP
authors: Frota
authors: Kely O
authors: KO
authors: Yamamoto
authors: Mario R P
authors: MR
authors: Lisboa
authors: Edilson
authors: E
authors: Ervolino
authors: Mario
authors: M
authors: Taba
authors: Rodrigo Otávio
authors: RO
authors: Rêgo
authors: Michel R
authors: MR
authors: Messora
mesh_terms: D000135:Acid Phosphatase / Q000032:analysis; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000188:drug therapy; D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003238:Connective Tissue / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004846:Epithelial Attachment / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D005881:Gingiva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007267:Injections; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008963:Molar; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000187:drug effects; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D000071681:Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; D013997:Time Factors; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D004164:Diphosphonates; D007527:Isoenzymes; C058651:tiludronic acid; D000135:Acid Phosphatase; D000071681:Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase
keywords: Administration, buccal; bone resorption; diphosphonates; osteoclasts; periodontal diseases; tiludronic acid