title: Strategic evaluation of interventions to prevent consequential late proctitis after prostate radiation therapy: new clinical trial designs should be considered.
abstract: This review reconsiders evidence and strategies toward the prevention of consequential late rectal toxicity after radiation therapy, with a focus on prostate cancer. Novel clinical trial designs are encouraged, and these insights into the late effects of prostate radiation therapy have additional implications for late toxicity after cancer treatment for other tumors.
authors: Department of Radiation Oncology; University of Virginia School of Medicine; Charlottesville, VA USA.
authors: Timothy N
authors: TN
authors: Showalter
authors: Division of Translational Research & Applied Statistics; Department of Public Health Sciences; University of Virginia; Charlottesville, VA USA.
authors: Nolan A
authors: NA
authors: Wages
authors: Department of Radiation Oncology; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; New York, NY USA.
authors: Nitin
authors: N
authors: Ohri
mesh_terms: D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011349:Proctitis / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011467:Prostate / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects
keywords: consequential late effects; late toxicity; proctitis; prostate radiation therapy; symptom management