title: Tritirachium candoliense sp. nov., a novel basidiomycetous fungus isolated from the anoxic zone of the Arabian Sea.
abstract: A fungal culture (FCAS11) was isolated from coastal sediments of the Arabian Sea during the anoxic season. Multigene phylogenetic analyses confidentially place the organism as a novel species within the recently defined class Tritirachiomycetes, subphylum Pucciniomycotina, phylum Basidiomycota. We named the new species Tritirachium candoliense and provide the first description of a member of this class from a marine environment. DNA sequences and morphological characters distinguish T. candoliense from previously described Tritirachium species. Its growth characteristics, morphology, and ultrastructural features showed that under anoxic conditions the species grows slowly and produces mainly hyphae with only few blastoconidia. Electron microscopy revealed differences when the culture was exposed to anoxic stress. Notable ultrastructural changes occur for example in mitochondrial cristae, irregularly shaped fat globules and the presence of intracellular membrane invaginations. We assume that the growth characteristics and substrate utilization patterns are an adaptation to its source location, the seasonally anoxic environment of the Arabian Sea.
authors: CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa 403 004, India; Ecology Group, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany. Electronic address: cathrine@nio.org.
authors: Cathrine Sumathi
authors: CS
authors: Manohar
authors: CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre (CBS-KNAW), Utrecht 3508 AD, The Netherlands. Electronic address: t.boekhout@cbs.knaw.nl.
authors: Teun
authors: T
authors: Boekhout
authors: Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands. Electronic address: w.h.muller@uu.nl.
authors: Wally H
authors: WH
authors: Müller
authors: Ecology Group, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany. Electronic address: stoeck@rhrk.uni-kl.de.a.
authors: Thorsten
authors: T
authors: Stoeck
mesh_terms: D000693:Anaerobiosis; D001487:Basidiomycota / Q000145:classification* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D056229:Fungal Structures / Q000648:ultrastructure; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000382:microbiology*; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D012623:Seawater / Q000382:microbiology*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; D005656:Fungal Proteins
keywords: Basidiomycota; Electron microscopy; Facultative anaerobe fungus; Goa; Marine; Morphological dimorphism; Phylogeny