title: Propolis decreases lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory mediators in pulp cells and osteoclasts.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intracanal medicaments are used to disinfect the root canal system, reduce interappointment pain and inflammation, and prevent resorption. Bacterial components such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are implicated in the development of pulpal and periapical inflammation and inducing osteoclastogenesis. Propolis is a natural, non-toxic substance collected from bee's wax that has been used for many years in folk medicine. Propolis has been demonstrated to have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. Our previous studies have shown that propolis inhibits osteoclast maturation. However, the effect of propolis on the inflammatory response of pulp cells and osteoclasts has not been explored.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether propolis alters the inflammatory response of three endodontically relevant cell lines: mouse odontoblast-like cells (MDPC-23), macrophages (RAW264.7), and osteoclasts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cells were exposed to 0-20 ug ml(-1) LPS to induce an inflammatory response, in the presence of propolis or vehicle control. Culture supernatants were collected after 6 and 24 h, and expression of multiple soluble mediators was determined using Luminex(®) multiplex technology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Propolis was effective in reducing secretion of the LPS-induced inflammatory cyto/chemokines: IL-1α, IL-6, IL-12(p70), IL-15, G-CSF, TNF-α, MIP-1α, MCP-1, and IP-10.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results demonstrate that propolis suppresses the LPS-induced inflammatory response of key cells within the root canal system.
authors: Department of Endododntics, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, USA.
authors: Kathleen G
authors: KG
authors: Neiva
authors: Department of Periodontology and Oral Biology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, USA.
authors: Dana L
authors: DL
authors: Catalfamo
authors: Department of Orthodontics, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, USA.
authors: L Shannon
authors: LS
authors: Holliday
authors: Department of Periodontology and Oral Biology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, USA.
authors: Shannon M
authors: SM
authors: Wallet
authors: Department of Endododntics, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, USA.
authors: Roberta
authors: R
authors: Pileggi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D051379:Mice; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D011429:Propolis
chemical_list: D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D011429:Propolis
keywords: inflammation; intracanal medicament; osteoclasts; propolis; pulp cells