title: Characterisation of a novel UV filter in the lens of the thirteen-lined ground squirrel (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus).
abstract: Structural analysis of a novel UV filter present in the lens of the thirteen-lined ground squirrel has shown that it is related in structure to N-acetyl-3-hydroxykynurenine. This finding is consistent with the fact that the squirrel lenses also contain high levels of this tryptophan metabolite. Analysis of both NMR and mass spectrometric data suggested that the novel UV filter compound forms by condensation of proline with N-acetyl-3-hydroxykynurenine. Its absorption maximum at 340 nm is more than 20 nm lower than that of the kynurenines and it may therefore assist in filtering the more damaging shorter wavelengths of UVA.
authors: Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney Eye Hospital, 8 Macquarie St, Sydney, NSW 2001, Australia. Electronic address: brianlyons21@gmail.com.
authors: Brian
authors: B
authors: Lyons
authors: Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Karuso
authors: Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
authors: Joanne F
authors: JF
authors: Jamie
authors: Eye Research Institute, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA.
authors: Mukoma F
authors: MF
authors: Simpanya
authors: Eye Research Institute, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA.
authors: Frank
authors: F
authors: Giblin
authors: Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. Electronic address: rjwt@uow.edu.au.
authors: Roger J W
authors: RJ
authors: Truscott
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D007737:Kynurenine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000737:chemistry*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D010860:Pigments, Biological / Q000032:analysis; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012589:Sciuridae / Q000502:physiology*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D010860:Pigments, Biological; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents; C058383:N-acetyl-3-hydroxykynurenine; D007737:Kynurenine
keywords: 3-hydroxykynurenine; NMR; UV-filter; kynurenine; lens; ultraviolet light; vision