title: Participant characteristics and intervention processes associated with reductions in television viewing in the High Five for Kids study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the High Five for Kids intervention effect on television within subgroups, examine participant characteristics associated with process measures and assess perceived helpfulness of television intervention components.
  
  
  METHODS
  High Five (randomized controlled trial of 445 overweight/obese 2-7 year-olds in Massachusetts [2006-2008]) reduced television by 0.36 h/day. 1-year effects on television viewing, stratified by subgroup, were assessed using linear regression. Among intervention participants (n=253), associations of intervention component helpfulness with television reduction were examined using linear regression and associations of participant characteristics with processes linked to television reduction (choosing television and completing intervention visits) were examined using logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High Five reduced television across subgroups. Parents of Latino (versus white) children had lower odds of completing ≥2 study visits (Odds Ratio: 0.39 [95% Confidence Interval: 0.18, 0.84]). Parents of black (versus white) children had higher odds of choosing television (Odds Ratio: 2.23 [95% Confidence Interval: 1.08, 4.59]), as did parents of obese (versus overweight) children and children watching ≥2 h/day (versus <2) at baseline. Greater perceived helpfulness was associated with greater television reduction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinic-based motivational interviewing reduces television viewing in children. Low cost education approaches (e.g., printed materials) may be well-received. Parents of children at higher obesity risk could be more motivated to reduce television.
authors: Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Society, Human Development and Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: emc611@mail.harvard.edu.
authors: Elizabeth M
authors: EM
authors: Cespedes
authors: Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
authors: Christine M
authors: CM
authors: Horan
authors: Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
authors: Matthew W
authors: MW
authors: Gillman
authors: Department of Society, Human Development and Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
authors: Steven L
authors: SL
authors: Gortmaker
authors: Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
authors: Sarah
authors: S
authors: Price
authors: Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
authors: Sheryl L
authors: SL
authors: Rifas-Shiman
authors: Harvard Vanguard Medical Associates, Boston, MA, USA.
authors: Kathleen
authors: K
authors: Mitchell
authors: Division of General Pediatrics, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA.
authors: Elsie M
authors: EM
authors: Taveras
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods*; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008404:Massachusetts / Q000453:epidemiology; D062405:Motivational Interviewing; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010290:Parents / Q000193:education / Q000523:psychology*; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013690:Television / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
keywords: Behavior; Child; Intervention studies; Obesity; Television