title: Neural correlates of receiving an apology and active forgiveness: an FMRI study.
abstract: Interpersonal conflicts are a common element of many social relationships. One possible process in rebuilding social relationships is the act of apologizing. Behavioral studies have shown that apologies promote forgiveness. However, the neural bases of receiving an apology and forgiveness are still unknown. Hence, the aim of the present fMRI study was to investigate brain processes involved in receiving an apology and active forgiveness of an ambiguous offense. We asked one group of participants (player A) to make decisions, which were either positive or negative for another group of participants (player B). The intention of player A was ambiguous to player B. In case of a negative impact, participants in the role of player A could send an apology message to participants in the role of player B. Subsequently players B were asked whether they wanted to forgive player A for making a decision with negative consequences. We found that receiving an apology yielded activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus, the left middle temporal gyrus, and left angular gyrus. In line with previous research we found that forgiving judgments activated the right angular gyrus.
authors: Center for Economics and Neuroscience, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
authors: Sabrina
authors: S
authors: Strang
authors: Department of Economics, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nürnberg, Germany.
authors: Verena
authors: V
authors: Utikal
authors: Department of Economics, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany ; Thurgau Institute of Economics, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland.
authors: Urs
authors: U
authors: Fischbacher
authors: Center for Economics and Neuroscience, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany ; Department of Epileptology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
authors: Bernd
authors: B
authors: Weber
authors: Center for Economics and Neuroscience, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany ; Department of Economics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
authors: Armin
authors: A
authors: Falk
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D061347:Forgiveness / Q000502:physiology*; D005717:Games, Experimental; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D020534:Parahippocampal Gyrus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000502:physiology*; D011859:Radiography