title: Diagnosing lysosomal storage disorders: mucopolysaccharidosis type II.
abstract: Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II) is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder caused by a deficiency of iduronate 2-sulfatase (IDS). Progressive, intralysosomal accumulation of the glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) dermatan and heparan sulfate in almost all tissues leads to multi-organ involvement in affected males but to virtual absence of symptoms in heterozygote female carriers due to preferential inactivation of the mutant allele. Diagnosis of MPS II in males is based on IDS analysis in leukocytes, fibroblasts, plasma, or dried blood spots (DBS), whereas IDS activities may be within the normal range in heterozygote females. The advent of fluorometric and mass spectrometry methods for enzyme analysis in DBS has simplified the diagnostic approach for MPS II males. Molecular analysis of the IDS gene confirms the diagnosis of MPS II in males and is the only diagnostic test to confirm carrier status in females. This unit provides detailed analytical protocols for measurement of IDS activity in DBS and plasma using a fluorometric assay.
authors: Division of Clinical and Translational Genetics, Dr. John T. MacDonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
authors: Britt A
authors: BA
authors: Johnson
authors: Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.|Erasmus University Medical College, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Otto P
authors: OP
authors: van Diggelen
authors: Division of Clinical and Translational Genetics, Dr. John T. MacDonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
authors: Angela
authors: A
authors: Dajnoki
authors: Division of Clinical and Translational Genetics, Dr. John T. MacDonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
authors: Olaf A
authors: OA
authors: Bodamer
mesh_terms: D003871:Dermatan Sulfate / Q000378:metabolism; D059788:Dried Blood Spot Testing / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005470:Fluorometry / Q000379:methods*; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000097:blood* / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics; D006497:Heparan Sulfate / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D016532:Mucopolysaccharidosis II / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D003871:Dermatan Sulfate; D006023:Glycoproteins; D006497:Heparan Sulfate; C018322:IDS protein, human
keywords: Hunter Syndrome; MPS II; alpha-iduronate-2-sulfatase; dried blood spot; fluorometry; glycosaminoglycans; mucopolysaccharide; mucopolysaccharidosis Type II