title: 1H NMR-metabolomics: can they be a useful tool in our understanding of cardiac arrest?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This review focuses on the presentation of the emerging technology of metabolomics, a promising tool for the detection of identifying the unrevealed biological pathways that lead to cardiac arrest.
  
  
  METHODS
  The electronic bases of PubMed, Scopus, and EMBASE were searched. Research terms were identified using the MESH database and were combined thereafter. Initial search terms were "cardiac arrest", "cardiopulmonary resuscitation", "post-cardiac arrest syndrome" combined with "metabolomics".
  
  
  RESULTS
  Metabolomics allow the monitoring of hundreds of metabolites from tissues or body fluids and already influence research in the field of cardiac metabolism. This approach has elucidated several pathophysiological mechanisms and identified profiles of metabolic changes that can be used to follow the disease processes occurring in the peri-arrest period. This can be achieved through leveraging the strengths of unbiased metabolome-wide scans, which include thousands of final downstream products of gene transcription, enzyme activity and metabolic products of extraneously administered substances, in order to identify a metabolomic fingerprint associated with an increased risk of cardiac arrest.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although this technology is still under development, metabolomics is a promising tool for elucidating biological pathways and discovering clinical biomarkers, strengthening the efforts for optimizing both the prevention and treatment of cardiac arrest.
authors: MSc "Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation", Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Hellenic Society of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, Athens, Greece. Electronic address: thanoschalkias@yahoo.gr.
authors: Athanasios
authors: A
authors: Chalkias
authors: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puericulture Institute and Neonatal Section, AOU and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
authors: Vassilios
authors: V
authors: Fanos
authors: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puericulture Institute and Neonatal Section, AOU and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
authors: Antonio
authors: A
authors: Noto
authors: Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset and Section of Emergency Medicine, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: Maaret
authors: M
authors: Castrén
authors: Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, USA.
authors: Anil
authors: A
authors: Gulati
authors: School of Health Sciences, University of Akureyri, Akureyri, Iceland.
authors: Hildigunnur
authors: H
authors: Svavarsdóttir
authors: Hellenic Society of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, Athens, Greece; 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Neonatal Division, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors: Nicoletta
authors: N
authors: Iacovidou
authors: MSc "Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation", Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Hellenic Society of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, Athens, Greece.
authors: Theodoros
authors: T
authors: Xanthos
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods*; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Cardiac arrest; Cardiopulmonary resuscitation; Metabolomics