title: Zinc induces apatite and scholzite formation during dentin remineralization.
abstract: The aim of this study was to ascertain whether zinc may improve the repair ability of demineralized dentin. Dentin disks were demineralized by phosphoric acid during 15 s and immersed in artificial saliva, remineralizing solution, a zinc chloride solution and a zinc oxide solution. Dentin specimens were analyzed after 24 h and 1 month of storage. Surface morphology was assessed by atomic force and scanning electron microscopy, mechanical properties were analyzed by nanohardness testing in a TriboIndenter, and chemical changes at the surfaces were determined by X-ray diffraction, Raman and energy-dispersive elemental analyses. After phosphoric acid application, dentin was only partially demineralized. Demineralized dentin was remineralized after 24 h of storage in any of the tested solutions (nanohardness increased and hydroxylapatite formation was detected by Raman). Remineralization was maintained up to 1 month in dentin stored in remineralizing solution, zinc chloride and zinc oxide. Zinc and phosphate were important for hydroxylapatite homeostasis. Scholzite formation was encountered in dentin stored in zinc-containing solutions. Zinc might allow to reach the balance between dentin demineralization and remineralization processes.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Osorio
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Osorio
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Cabello
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Toledano
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001031:Apatites / Q000737:chemistry*; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry*; D002712:Chlorides / Q000494:pharmacology; D003094:Collagen / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003804:Dentin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry; D006244:Hardness; D006801:Humans; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008903:Minerals / Q000737:chemistry*; D010756:Phosphoric Acids / Q000009:adverse effects; D012464:Saliva, Artificial / Q000737:chemistry; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman; D013997:Time Factors; D017001:Tooth Demineralization / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014089:Tooth Remineralization / Q000379:methods*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction; D055815:Young Adult; D015032:Zinc / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017967:Zinc Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D001031:Apatites; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D002712:Chlorides; D008903:Minerals; D010756:Phosphoric Acids; D012464:Saliva, Artificial; D017967:Zinc Compounds; C000617216:scholzite; C016837:zinc chloride; D003094:Collagen; D017886:Durapatite; C030242:phosphoric acid; D015032:Zinc; D015034:Zinc Oxide