title: Sex- and Subtype-Related Differences of Personality Disorders (Axis II) and Personality Traits in Persistent ADHD.
abstract: Despite growing awareness of adult ADHD and its comorbidity with personality disorders (PDs), little is known about sex- and subtype-related differences.
  
  
  
  In all, 910 patients (452 females, 458 males) affected with persistent adult ADHD were assessed for comorbid PDs with the Structured Clinical Interview of DSM-IV and for personality traits with the revised NEO personality inventory, and the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire.
  
  
  
  The most prevalent PDs were narcissistic PD in males and histrionic PD in females. Affected females showed higher Neuroticism, Openness to Experience, and Agreeableness scores as well as Harm Avoidance and Reward Dependence scores. Narcissistic PD and antisocial PD have the highest prevalence in the H-type, while Borderline PD is more frequent in the C-type.
  
  
  
  Sex- and subtype-related differences in Axis II disorder comorbidity as well as impairment-modifying personality traits have to be taken into account in epidemiological studies of persistent ADHD.
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Psychsomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany Jacob_C@mail.uni-wuerzburg.de.
authors: Christian P
authors: CP
authors: Jacob
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Psychsomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
authors: Silke
authors: S
authors: Gross-Lesch
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Psychsomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
authors: Susanne
authors: S
authors: Reichert
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Psychsomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
authors: Julia
authors: J
authors: Geissler
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Psychsomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Jans
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Psychsomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
authors: Sarah
authors: S
authors: Kittel-Schneider
authors: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
authors: Trang T
authors: TT
authors: Nguyen
authors: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
authors: Marcel
authors: M
authors: Romanos
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Psychsomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
authors: Andreas
authors: A
authors: Reif
authors: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
authors: Astrid
authors: A
authors: Dempfle
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Psychsomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
authors: Klaus-Peter
authors: KP
authors: Lesch
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000987:Antisocial Personality Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010551:Personality; D010552:Personality Assessment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015995:Prevalence; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: ADD/ADHD; ADHD Subtypes; Adult ADHD