title: Extreme flooding tolerance in Rorippa.
abstract: Low oxygen stress imposed by floods creates a strong selection force shaping plant ecosystems in flood-prone areas. Plants inhabiting these environments adopt various adaptations and survival strategies to cope with increasing water depths. Two Rorippa species, R. sylvestris and R. amphibia that grow in naturally flooded areas, have high submergence tolerance achieved by the so-called quiescence and escape strategies, respectively. In order to dissect the molecular mechanisms involved in these strategies, we investigated submergence-induced changes in gene expression in flooded roots of Rorippa species. There was a higher induction of glycolysis and fermentation genes and faster carbohydrate reduction in R. amphibia, indicating a higher demand for energy potentially leading to faster mortality by starvation. Moreover, R. sylvestris showed induction of genes improving submergence tolerance, potentially enhancing survival in prolonged floods. Additionally, we compared transcript profiles of these 2 tolerant species to relatively intolerant Arabidopsis and found that only Rorippa species induced various inorganic pyrophosphate dependent genes, alternatives to ATP demanding pathways, thereby conserving energy, and potentially explaining the difference in flooding survival between Rorippa and Arabidopsis.
authors: Department of Plant Sciences; University of California; Davis, CA USA.
authors: Melis
authors: M
authors: Akman
authors: Experimental Plant Systematics; Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Amit
authors: A
authors: Bhikharie
authors: Plant Physiology; Bayreuth University; Bayreuth, Germany.
authors: Angelika
authors: A
authors: Mustroph
authors: Plant Ecophysiology; Institute for Environmental Biology; Utrecht University; Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors: Rashmi
authors: R
authors: Sasidharan
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000235:genetics; D011756:Diphosphates / Q000378:metabolism; D055868:Floods; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D017343:Genes, Plant; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000378:metabolism; D031225:Rorippa / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D011756:Diphosphates; D010940:Plant Proteins
keywords: Arabidopsis; Rorippa; fermentation; flooding tolerance; hypoxia; root; submergence