title: Methods for performing lipidomics in white adipose tissue.
abstract: Lipid metabolism is central to the function of white adipose tissue, with the tissue having a central role in storing triacylglycerides following feeding and releasing free fatty acids and monoacylglycerides during periods of fasting. In addition, lipid species have been suggested to play a role in lipotoxicity and as signaling molecules during adipose tissue inflammation. This chapter details how mass spectrometry (MS) can be used to profile a range of lipid species found in adipose tissue. The initial step required in any MS-based approach is to extract the lipid fraction from the tissue. We detail one commonly used method based on the Folch extraction procedure. The total fatty acid composition of the lipid fraction can readily be defined using gas chromatography-MS, and we provide a method routinely used for rodent and human adipose tissue samples. However, such approaches do not provide insight into what lipid classes the various fatty acids are associated with. To better understand the global lipid profile of the tissue, we provide a general-purpose liquid chromatography-MS-based approach useful for processing phospholipids, free fatty acids, and triacylglycerides. In addition, we provide a method for profiling eicosanoids, a class of important lipid-signaling molecules, which have been implicated in white adipose tissue inflammation in rodent models of obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes.
authors: MRC Human Nutrition Research, The Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Biochemistry and Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors: Lee D
authors: LD
authors: Roberts
authors: MRC Human Nutrition Research, The Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Biochemistry and Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors: James A
authors: JA
authors: West
authors: Metabolic Research Laboratories, Level 4, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors: Antonio
authors: A
authors: Vidal-Puig
authors: MRC Human Nutrition Research, The Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Biochemistry and Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Electronic address: jules.griffin@mrc-hnr.cam.ac.uk.
authors: Julian L
authors: JL
authors: Griffin
mesh_terms: D052436:Adipose Tissue, White / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D051379:Mice; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D008055:Lipids; D010743:Phospholipids; D014280:Triglycerides
keywords: Eicosanoids; Fatty acids; Mass spectrometry; Phospholipids; Triacylglycerides