title: Apoptotic and necrotic changes in the midgut glands of the wolf spider Xerolycosa nemoralis (Lycosidae) in response to starvation and dimethoate exposure.
abstract: In the present study, the intensity of degenerative changes (apoptosis, necrosis) in the cells of the midgut glands of male and female wolf spiders, Xerolycosa nemoralis (Lycosidae), exposed to natural (starvation) and anthropogenic (the organophosphorous pesticide dimethoate) stressors under laboratory conditions were compared. The spiders were collected from two differentially polluted sites, both located in southern Poland: Katowice-Welnowiec, which is heavily polluted with metals, and Pilica, the reference site. Starvation and dimethoate treatment resulted in enhancement of apoptotic and necrotic changes in the midgut glands of the spiders. The frequency of degenerative changes in starving individuals was twice as high as in the specimens intoxicated with dimethoate. The percentage of apoptotic and necrotic cells was higher in starving males than in starving females. A high intensity of necrotic changes, together with increased Cas-3 like activity and a greater percentage of cells with depolarized mitochondria, were typical of starving males from the polluted site. The cell death indices observed in females depended more strongly on the type of stressor than on previous preexposure to pollutants.
authors: Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, Katowice 40-007, Poland. Electronic address: grazyna.wilczek@us.edu.pl.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Wilczek
authors: Department of Animal Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, Katowice 40-007, Poland.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Rost-Roszkowska
authors: Heart Prosthesis Institute, Bioengineering Laboratory, Wolnosci 345a, Zabrze 41-800, Poland.
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Wilczek
authors: Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, Katowice 40-007, Poland.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Babczyńska
authors: Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, Katowice 40-007, Poland.
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Szulińska
authors: Department of Animal Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, Katowice 40-007, Poland.
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Sonakowska
authors: Department of Animal Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, Katowice 40-007, Poland.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Marek-Swędzioł
mesh_terms: D000825:Animal Structures / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D004117:Dimethoate / Q000633:toxicity*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D005508:Food Deprivation; D008297:Male; D013112:Spiders / Q000187:drug effects*; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D004117:Dimethoate
keywords: Apoptosis; Dimethoate; Necrosis; Spiders; Starvation