title: In situ forming spruce xylan-based hydrogel for cell immobilization.
abstract: An in situ forming spruce xylan-based hydrogel was synthesized in two steps with the intended use of cell encapsulation and in vivo delivery. First, bioconjugate was obtained through the reaction of glucuronic acid groups from xylan backbone with tyramine (TA). After that, the gelation process was enabled by enzymatic crosslinking of the phenol-containing TA-xylan conjugate. Exhibiting an exponential increase in the storage modulus, a 3D gel network was formed in about 20s. The designed gel showed extensive swelling and retained its mechanical integrity for more than two months. Mesenchymal stem cells were encapsulated in the hydrogel and cultured for one week. The cells retained their adipogenic differentiation capacity inside the gel, as verified by lipid accumulation. From these facts, we conclude that spruce xylan is a promising precursor for in situ forming hydrogels and should be evaluated further for tissue engineering purposes.
authors: Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Kemivägen 4, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 9, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden. Electronic address: kuzmenko@chalmers.se.
authors: Volodymyr
authors: V
authors: Kuzmenko
authors: Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 4, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden. Electronic address: daniel.hagg@chalmers.se.
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Hägg
authors: Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Kemivägen 4, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Wood, Cellulose and Paper Research, University of Guadalajara, Juárez 976, 44100 Guadalajara, Mexico. Electronic address: guillert@chalmers.se.
authors: Guillermo
authors: G
authors: Toriz
authors: Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Kemivägen 4, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 4, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden. Electronic address: paul.gatenholm@chalmers.se.
authors: Paul
authors: P
authors: Gatenholm
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002240:Carbohydrate Sequence; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002460:Cell Line; D020100:Hydrogels; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D051379:Mice; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D028222:Picea / Q000737:chemistry*; D012212:Rheology; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D014990:Xylans / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D020100:Hydrogels; D014990:Xylans
keywords: Cell immobilization; Conjugate; Enzymatic crosslinking; Hydrogel; Xylan