title: Global analysis of cell cycle gene expression of the legume symbiont Sinorhizobium meliloti.
abstract: In α-proteobacteria, strict regulation of cell cycle progression is necessary for the specific cellular differentiation required for adaptation to diverse environmental niches. The symbiotic lifestyle of Sinorhizobium meliloti requires a drastic cellular differentiation that includes genome amplification. To achieve polyploidy, the S. meliloti cell cycle program must be altered to uncouple DNA replication from cell division. In the α-proteobacterium Caulobacter crescentus, cell cycle-regulated transcription plays an important role in the control of cell cycle progression but this has not been demonstrated in other α-proteobacteria. Here we describe a robust method for synchronizing cell growth that enabled global analysis of S. meliloti cell cycle-regulated gene expression. This analysis identified 462 genes with cell cycle-regulated transcripts, including several key cell cycle regulators, and genes involved in motility, attachment, and cell division. Only 28% of the 462 S. meliloti cell cycle-regulated genes were also transcriptionally cell cycle-regulated in C. crescentus. Furthermore, CtrA- and DnaA-binding motif analysis revealed little overlap between the cell cycle-dependent regulons of CtrA and DnaA in S. meliloti and C. crescentus. The predicted S. meliloti cell cycle regulon of CtrA, but not that of DnaA, was strongly conserved in more closely related α-proteobacteria with similar ecological niches as S. meliloti, suggesting that the CtrA cell cycle regulatory network may control functions of central importance to the specific lifestyles of α-proteobacteria.
authors: Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139.
authors: Nicole J
authors: NJ
authors: De Nisco
authors: Ryan P
authors: RP
authors: Abo
authors: C Max
authors: CM
authors: Wu
authors: Jon
authors: J
authors: Penterman
authors: Graham C
authors: GC
authors: Walker
mesh_terms: D000220:Adaptation, Biological / Q000235:genetics*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D007887:Fabaceae / Q000382:microbiology; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D053263:Gene Regulatory Networks / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011123:Polyploidy; D018085:Regulon / Q000235:genetics*; D016962:Sinorhizobium meliloti / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D013045:Species Specificity; D013559:Symbiosis
keywords: alpha-proteobacteria; cell cycle regulation; symbiosis