title: Immunohistochemical localization of D-serine dehydratase in chicken tissues.
abstract: Chicken D-serine dehydratase (DSD) degrades d-serine to pyruvate and ammonia. The enzyme requires both pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and Zn(2+) for its activity. d-Serine is a physiological coagonist that regulates the activity of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) for l-glutamate. We have recently found in chickens that d-serine is degraded only by DSD in the brain, whereas it is also degraded to 3-hydroxypyruvate by d-amino acid oxidase (DAO) in the kidney and liver. In mammalian brains, d-serine is degraded only by DAO. It has not been clarified why chickens selectively use DSD for the control of d-serine concentrations in the brain. In the present study, we measured DSD activity in chicken tissues, and examined the cellular localization of DSD using a specific anti-chicken DSD antibody. The highest activity was found in kidney. Skeletal muscles and heart showed no activity. In chicken brain, cerebellum showed about 6-fold-higher activity (1.1 ± 0.3 U/g protein) than cerebrum (0.19 ± 0.03 U/g protein). At the cellular level DSD was demonstrated in proximal tubule cells of the kidney, in hepatocytes, in Bergmann-glia cells of the cerebellum and in astrocytes. The finding of DSD in glial cells seems to be important because d-serine is involved in NMDAR-dependent brain functions.
authors: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta, Ohtsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.
authors: Yoshihiro
authors: Y
authors: Nishimura
authors: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta, Ohtsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan. Electronic address: tanakah@belle.shiga-med.ac.jp.
authors: Hiroyuki
authors: H
authors: Tanaka
authors: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta, Ohtsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.
authors: Tetsuo
authors: T
authors: Ishida
authors: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta, Ohtsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.
authors: Shinji
authors: S
authors: Imai
authors: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta, Ohtsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.
authors: Yoshitaka
authors: Y
authors: Matsusue
authors: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta, Ohtsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.
authors: Yasutoshi
authors: Y
authors: Agata
authors: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta, Ohtsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.
authors: Kihachiro
authors: K
authors: Horiike
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001921:Brain / Q000201:enzymology*; D002645:Chickens; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007668:Kidney / Q000201:enzymology*; D012695:L-Serine Dehydratase / Q000378:metabolism*; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology*; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D012695:L-Serine Dehydratase
keywords: Astrocyte; Chicken brain; Immunohistochemistry; d-Serine; d-Serine dehydratase