title: Cellular and molecular studies of the effects of a selective COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib in the cardiac cell line H9c2 and their correlation with death mechanisms.
abstract: Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and evidence indicates a correlation between the inflammatory process and cardiac dysfunction. Selective inhibitors of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme are not recommended for long-term use because of potentially severe side effects to the heart. Considering this and the frequent prescribing of commercial celecoxib, the present study analyzed cellular and molecular effects of 1 and 10 µM celecoxib in a cell culture model. After a 24-h incubation, celecoxib reduced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner as also demonstrated in MTT assays. Furthermore, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that the drug modulated the expression level of genes related to death pathways, and Western blot analyses demonstrated a modulatory effect of the drug on COX-2 protein levels in cardiac cells. In addition, the results demonstrated a downregulation of prostaglandin E2 production by the cardiac cells incubated with celecoxib, in a dose-specific manner. These results are consistent with the decrease in cell viability and the presence of necrotic processes shown by Fourier transform infrared analysis, suggesting a direct correlation of prostanoids in cellular homeostasis and survival.
authors: Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, São José dos CamposSP, Brasil, Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, São José dos Campos, SP, Brasil.
authors: K K
authors: KK
authors: Sakane
authors: Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas, Ouro PretoMG, Brasil, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil.
authors: C J
authors: CJ
authors: Monteiro
authors: Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas, Ouro PretoMG, Brasil, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil.
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Silva
authors: Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas, Ouro PretoMG, Brasil, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil.
authors: A R
authors: AR
authors: Silva
authors: Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, São José dos CamposSP, Brasil, Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, São José dos Campos, SP, Brasil.
authors: P M
authors: PM
authors: Santos
authors: Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas, Ouro PretoMG, Brasil, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil.
authors: K F
authors: KF
authors: Lima
authors: Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Rio ClaroSP, Brasil, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista ''Júlio de Mesquita Filho'', Rio Claro, SP, Brasil.
authors: K C M
authors: KC
authors: Moraes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D000068579:Celecoxib; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D032386:Myoblasts, Cardiac / Q000187:drug effects*; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D011720:Pyrazoles; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013449:Sulfonamides; D000068579:Celecoxib