title: Genotypic determination of HIV tropism in a cohort of patients perinatally infected with HIV-1 and exposed to antiretroviral therapy.
abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the coreceptor tropism by performing genotypic HIV-1 tropism testing in a cohort of patients perinatally infected with HIV-1 and exposed to antiretroviral therapy. Genotypic coreceptor tropism was determined in patients with HIV-1 RNA<100 copies/mL using PBMC samples by gp120 V3 sequencing followed by geno2pheno interpretation (set at a false positive rate [FPR] of 20%) and in patients with ≯100 copies/mL using plasma samples (set at a FPR of 20%), according to European guidelines. Out of 55 patients, 50 had an HIV-1 subtype B strain, and mean (SD) age was 18.2 (4.6) years. The median duration of antiretroviral therapy was 13 years (range, 3-23). Thirty-three (60%) patients harbored the R5 virus. At the time of the testing, the median CD4+ T lymphocyte cell count and percentage were 705 cells/mm3 (474-905) and 32.5% in group R5 and 626 cells/mm3 (450-755) and 31.7% in group X4/D-M, respectively. The nadir of CD4+ T-cell count in groups R5 and X4/D-M were 322 cells/mm3 (230-427) and 340 cells/mm3 (242-356), respectively. These differences were not statistically significant. Fifteen patients had HIV-1 RNA ≯50 copies/mL. The median HIV-1 RNA and HIV-1 DNA were comparable in both groups without a statistical difference. The study provides an overview of the prevalence of coreceptor tropism in a cohort of patients who were vertically infected with HIV-1. The high prevalence of X4/D-M-tropic strains may simply reflect the long-term exposure to HIV.
authors: Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Martino Hospital, University of Genoa, IST, Genoa, Italy.
authors: Antonio
authors: A
authors: Di Biagio
authors: Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Martino Hospital, University of Genoa, IST, Genoa, Italy.
authors: Andrea
authors: A
authors: Parisini
authors: Hygiene Unit, IRCCS San Martino Hospital, University of Genoa, IST, Genoa, Italy.
authors: Bianca
authors: B
authors: Bruzzone
authors: Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Martino Hospital, University of Genoa, IST, Genoa, Italy.
authors: Roberta
authors: R
authors: Prinapori
authors: Infectious Diseases, University of Pavia, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.
authors: Marinella
authors: M
authors: Lauriola
authors: Molecular Virology Unit, Virology and Microbiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.
authors: Stefania
authors: S
authors: Paolucci
authors: Biostatistic Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Genoa, Italy.
authors: Alessio
authors: A
authors: Signori
authors: Hygiene Unit, IRCCS San Martino Hospital, University of Genoa, IST, Genoa, Italy.
authors: Renata
authors: R
authors: Barresi
authors: Hygiene Unit, IRCCS San Martino Hospital, University of Genoa, IST, Genoa, Italy.
authors: Giancarlo
authors: G
authors: Icardi
authors: Hygiene Unit, IRCCS San Martino Hospital, University of Genoa, IST, Genoa, Italy.
authors: Silvia
authors: S
authors: Calderisi
authors: Section of Microbiology, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
authors: Genny
authors: G
authors: Meini
authors: Infectious Diseases, San Remo Hospital, San Remo, Italy.
authors: Chiara
authors: C
authors: Dentone
authors: Infectious Diseases, EO Galliera, Genoa, Italy.
authors: Giovanni
authors: G
authors: Cenderello
authors: Infectious Diseases, La Spezia Hospital, La Spezia, Italy.
authors: Michele
authors: M
authors: Guerra
authors: Infectious Diseases, University of Pavia, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Maccabruni
authors: Infectious Diseases, University of Milan, DISC Luigi Sacco, Milan, Italy.
authors: Stefano
authors: S
authors: Rusconi
authors: Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Martino Hospital, University of Genoa, IST, Genoa, Italy.
authors: Claudio
authors: C
authors: Viscoli
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019562:Viral Load; D056189:Viral Tropism
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents
keywords: CCR5 antagonists; HIV-1 DNA; V3 genotyping; adolescents; children; coreceptor tropism; vertical transmission