title: Simultaneous determination of trace migration of phthalate esters in honey and royal jelly by GC-MS.
abstract: A simple, rapid, and reliable liquid-liquid extraction coupled to GC-MS method was developed and validated for the quantification of 22 phthalate esters (PAEs) in honey and royal jelly. Instrument parameters for GC-MS were tested to obtain the satisfactory separation between 22 PAEs with high sensitivity. The extraction procedure was optimized in order to achieve the best recovery. The following criteria were used to validate the developed method: linearity, LOD, lower LOQ, precision, accuracy, matrix effect and carry-over. Correlation coefficients were >0.999 by applying the linear regression model based on the least-squares method with a weighting factor (1/x). The intra- and interday precision were within 12.7% in terms of RSD, and the accuracy was within -11.8% in terms of relative error. The mean extraction recoveries ranged between 80.1 and 110.9% for honey and royal jelly. No significant matrix effect and carry-over for PAEs were observed for the analysis of honey and royal jelly samples. A total of 20 real samples were analyzed for a mini-survey using the developed method. Seven PAEs in honey samples and five PAEs in royal jelly samples were found, indicating potential contamination with several PAEs.
authors: Bee Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China; Bee Product Quality Supervision and Testing Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, P.R. China; Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Quality and Safety of Bee Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, P.R. China.
authors: Jinhui
authors: J
authors: Zhou
authors: Yitao
authors: Y
authors: Qi
authors: Hongmei
authors: H
authors: Wu
authors: Qingyun
authors: Q
authors: Diao
authors: Feifei
authors: F
authors: Tian
authors: Yi
authors: Y
authors: Li
mesh_terms: D004952:Esters / Q000032:analysis*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006722:Honey / Q000032:analysis*; D059625:Liquid-Liquid Extraction; D010795:Phthalic Acids / Q000032:analysis*; D000099219:Royal Jelly
chemical_list: D004952:Esters; D005227:Fatty Acids; D010795:Phthalic Acids; D000099219:Royal Jelly
keywords: Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry; Honey; Liquid-liquid extraction; Phthalate esters; Royal jelly