title: Factors affecting glomerular filtration rate, as measured by iohexol disappearance, in men with or at risk for HIV infection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Formulae used to estimate glomerular filtration rate (GFR) underestimate higher GFRs and have not been well-studied in HIV-infected (HIV(+)) people; we evaluated the relationships of HIV infection and known or potential risk factors for kidney disease with directly measured GFR and the presence of chronic kidney disease (CKD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional measurement of iohexol-based GFR (iGFR) in HIV(+) men (n = 455) receiving antiretroviral therapy, and HIV-uninfected (HIV(-)) men (n = 258) in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study.
  
  
  METHODS
  iGFR was calculated from disappearance of infused iohexol from plasma. Determinants of GFR and the presence of CKD were compared using iGFR and GFR estimated by the CKD-Epi equation (eGFR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median iGFR was higher among HIV(+) than HIV(-) men (109 vs. 106 ml/min/1.73 m(2), respectively, p = .046), and was 7 ml/min higher than median eGFR. Mean iGFR was lower in men who were older, had chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, or had a history of AIDS. Low iGFR (≤90 ml/min/1.73 m(2)) was associated with these factors and with black race. Other than age, factors associated with low iGFR were not observed with low eGFR. CKD was more common in HIV(+) than HIV(-) men; predictors of CKD were similar using iGFR and eGFR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  iGFR was higher than eGFR in this population of HIV-infected and -uninfected men who have sex with men. Presence of CKD was predicted equally well by iGFR and eGFR, but associations of chronic HCV infection and history of clinically-defined AIDS with mildly decreased GFR were seen only with iGFR.
authors: Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.
authors: Joseph B
authors: JB
authors: Margolick
authors: Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.
authors: Lisa P
authors: LP
authors: Jacobson
authors: Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America.
authors: George J
authors: GJ
authors: Schwartz
authors: Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.
authors: Alison G
authors: AG
authors: Abraham
authors: Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.
authors: Annie T
authors: AT
authors: Darilay
authors: Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology and Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
authors: Lawrence A
authors: LA
authors: Kingsley
authors: Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America ; Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.
authors: Mallory D
authors: MD
authors: Witt
authors: Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.
authors: Frank J
authors: FJ
authors: Palella
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007472:Iohexol; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents; D007472:Iohexol