title: [Preliminary study on features of three-dimensional ultrasound reconstruction of the lacrimal sac of normal adults].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure and accumulate imaging anatomical data of lacrimal sac and medial canthal artery, and provide the knowledge for clinical diagnosis and therapy of lacrimal diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  80 volunteers(80 eyes) who were eliminated the tearing related diseases by ophthalmologist were included. GE Voluson E8 ultrasound diagnostic apparatus with probe of high frequency 5-12 MHz was used, the probe of the three-dimensional ultrasound contacted eyes indirectly. The vertical diameter, anteroposterior diameter, width of lacrimal sac were measured, and vertical distance between top to bottom of lacrimal sac and medial canthus to skin, vertical distance between medial canthal artery and medial canthus to skin were also measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The measurement results of adult male subjects of lacrimal sac cavity vertical diameter and anteroposterior diameter and diameter were (13.3 ± 2.0) mm, (6.2 ± 1.1) mm, (5.0 ± 0.9) mm; the measurement results of adult female subjects of lacrimal sac cavity vertical diameter and anteroposterior diameter and diameter were (13.1 ± 2.2) mm, (5.8 ± 1.0) mm, (4.8 ± 0.8) mm, the difference was not statistically significant(t = 1.63, 1.45, 1.41, P > 0.05). The measurement results of adult male subjects of lacrimal sac cavity (top, bottom) to the top of the skin surface and medial canthal were (6.5 ± 0.1) mm, (5.9 ± 0.1) mm, (6.8 ± 0.1) mm, (8.8 ± 0.1) mm; the adult female group measurements were (6.1 ± 0.1) mm, (5.7 ± 0.1) mm, (6.2 ± 0.1) mm, (8.6 ± 0.1) mm, the difference was not statistically significant(t = 1.30, 1.56, 1.45, 1.63, P > 0.05). The measurement results of adult male subjects vertex are angular artery to the skin surface and medial canthal were (7.7 ± 0.1) mm, (8.0 ± 0.0) mm; the adult female group measurements respectively (7.6 ± 0.1) mm, (7.9 ± 0.1) mm, the difference was not statistically significant(t = 1.38, 1.34, P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lacrimal sac and medial canthal artery can be showed clearly in three-dimensional ultrasound reconstruction, this can provide the guidance for clinical diagnosis and therapy of lacrimal diseases.
authors: Lacrimal Center of Ophthalmology, Armed Police General Hospital of China, Beijing 100039, China.
authors: Xiao-hang
authors: XH
authors: Liu
authors: Lacrimal Center of Ophthalmology, Armed Police General Hospital of China, Beijing 100039, China. Email: taohaiwj@sina.com.
authors: Hai
authors: H
authors: Tao
authors: Lacrimal Center of Ophthalmology, Armed Police General Hospital of China, Beijing 100039, China.
authors: Mao
authors: M
authors: Li
authors: Lacrimal Center of Ophthalmology, Armed Police General Hospital of China, Beijing 100039, China.
authors: Mei
authors: M
authors: Xi
authors: Lacrimal Center of Ophthalmology, Armed Police General Hospital of China, Beijing 100039, China.
authors: Cui
authors: C
authors: Han
authors: Lacrimal Center of Ophthalmology, Armed Police General Hospital of China, Beijing 100039, China.
authors: Peng
authors: P
authors: Wang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007765:Lacrimal Apparatus / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009301:Nasolacrimal Duct / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014463:Ultrasonography; D055815:Young Adult