title: Facility versus unit level reporting of quality indicators in nursing homes when performance monitoring is the goal.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To demonstrate the benefit of defining operational management units in nursing homes and computing quality indicators on these units as well as on the whole facility.
  
  
  METHODS
  Calculation of adjusted Resident Assessment Instrument - Minimum Data Set 2.0 (RAI-MDS 2.0) quality indicators for: PRU05 (prevalence of residents with a stage 2-4 pressure ulcer), PAI0X (prevalence of residents with pain) and DRG01 (prevalence of residents receiving an antipsychotic with no diagnosis of psychosis), for quarterly assessments between 2007 and 2011 at unit and facility levels. Comparisons of these risk-adjusted quality indicators using statistical process control (control charts).
  
  
  METHODS
  A representative sample of 30 urban nursing homes in the three Canadian Prairie Provinces.
  
  
  METHODS
  Explicit decision rules were developed and tested to determine whether the control charts demonstrated improving, worsening, unchanging or unclassifiable trends over the time period. Unit and facility performance were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 48.9% of the units studied, unit control chart performance indicated different changes in quality over the reporting period than did the facility chart. Examples are provided to illustrate that these differences lead to quite different quality interventions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results demonstrate the necessity of considering facility-level and unit-level measurement when calculating quality indicators derived from the RAI-MDS 2.0 data, and quite probably from any RAI measures.
authors: Department of Family Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
authors: Peter G
authors: PG
authors: Norton
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Murray
authors: Malcolm B
authors: MB
authors: Doupe
authors: Greta G
authors: GG
authors: Cummings
authors: Jeff W
authors: JW
authors: Poss
authors: Janet E
authors: JE
authors: Squires
authors: Gary F
authors: GF
authors: Teare
authors: Carole A
authors: CA
authors: Estabrooks
mesh_terms: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002170:Canada; D006801:Humans; D009735:Nursing Homes / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards*; D010146:Pain / Q000175:diagnosis; D003668:Pressure Ulcer / Q000175:diagnosis; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D058996:Quality Improvement; D019984:Quality Indicators, Health Care
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents
keywords: Clinical Microsystem; Nursing Homes; Performance Measurement; Quality of Care; Unit