title: [Study on content of ethyl carbamate in yellow rice wine and its change in Zhejiang province].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To understand the content status of ethyl carbamate (EC) in yellow rice wine and the changes in storage period and shelf life in Zhejiang province.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 475 samples of yellow rice wine purchased randomly from supermarkets and food stores in Zhejiang province during 2008-2012, and 49 samples collected from manufacturers were measured for EC content. The sample collected from manufacturers by filter sterilization was placed at 4 °C, room temperature and 37 °C for 400 d, respectively;a bottled wine and a wine in bag were bought from market were placed for 400 d in room temperature to conduct shelf life storage test, and measure the content in every point in 2011. The EC of the samples was determinated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after the samples were diluted with D5-EC isotope dilution technique, and purified by alkaline diatomite solid phase extraction column.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall detection rate of EC was 99% (472/475) in yellow rice wine of Zhejiang province in 2008-2012, the median value was 70-112 µg/kg, the 90th percentile was 190-333 µg/kg, the 95th percentile was 214-393 µg/kg, and the maximum value was 430-515 µg/kg. The content of EC was increased gradually along with the increasing of storage age in commercially yellow rice wine, and the average content of EC were positively correlated with storage age(r = 0.988). The contents of EC in yellow rice wine after sterilization increased from 74 µg/kg to 86 µg/kg, 127 µg/kg and 509 µg/kg at 4 °C, room temperature and 37°C, respectively for 400 d storage, the differences had statistical significance (F = 14.73, P < 0.01). The content of EC in yellow rice wines in shelf life, which stored in room temperature with bottle and bag package, was decreased slightly with increasing storage time in the beginning, from 215 to 184 µg/kg and 196 to 158 µg/kg, respectively, and increased again with increasing storage time after 250 d, with 252 µg/kg and 210 µg/kg in bottle and bag package after 400 d, respectively, the differences had statistical significance (Z = 2.37, P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EC is widespread in rice wine, the content of EC was correlated with storage time and temperature.
authors: Institute of Physical and Chemical Inspection, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China.
authors: Xiang-hong
authors: XH
authors: Shen
authors: Institute of Physical and Chemical Inspection, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China. Email: pgwu@cdc.zj.cn.
authors: Ping-gu
authors: PG
authors: Wu
authors: Institute of Physical and Chemical Inspection, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China.
authors: Li-yuan
authors: LY
authors: Wang
authors: Institute of Physical and Chemical Inspection, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China.
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: Zhang
authors: Institute of Physical and Chemical Inspection, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China.
authors: Ying
authors: Y
authors: Tan
authors: Institute of Physical and Chemical Inspection, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China.
authors: Ying
authors: Y
authors: Ying
authors: Institute of Physical and Chemical Inspection, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China.
authors: Bing-jie
authors: BJ
authors: Ma
mesh_terms: D002681:China; D012275:Oryza; D014520:Urethane / Q000032:analysis*; D014920:Wine / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D014520:Urethane