title: Does vitamin E prevent tubal damage caused by smoking? A light microscopy and animal study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the histomorphological effects of smoking on the cilia of fallopian tubes in mice and the effect of vitamin E on the negative effects of smoke.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen 12-14 week-old Swiss albino type female mice were randomly divided into three groups, each consisting of six mice: Group A: control group; Group B: mice exposed to cigarette smoke; Group C: mice exposed to cigarette smoke together with vitamin E. Groups B and C were exposed to cigarette smoke for 10 weeks. After 10 weeks, tubal excision was performed in all animals. Histopathologic examination of excised tubal tissue was conducted under light microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The number of cilia was significantly lower in Group B. Although not statistically significant, the median number of cilia in Group C was measured to be higher than in Group B but lower than in Group A.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on the results, it can be concluded that smoking decreases tubal cilia numbers. Supplementation by vitamin E may treat or at least help to slow down the decrease in number of cilia caused by smoking; therefore it could be used therapeutically in the treatment of smoking-related tubal damage.
authors: Sevket Yılmaz Education and Research Hospital, Department of Obs/Gyn, Bursa, Turkey. Electronic address: drmuzbur@yahoo.com.tr.
authors: Muzeyyen
authors: M
authors: Duran
authors: Sevket Yılmaz Education and Research Hospital, Department of Obs/Gyn, Bursa, Turkey.
authors: Emin
authors: E
authors: Ustunyurt
authors: Turgut Ozal University Hospital, Department of Obs/Gyn, Ankara, Turkey.
authors: Aydin
authors: A
authors: Kosus
authors: Turgut Ozal University Hospital, Department of Obs/Gyn, Ankara, Turkey.
authors: Nermin
authors: N
authors: Kosus
authors: Mugla University Hospital, Department of Obs/Gyn, Muğla, Turkey.
authors: Nilgun
authors: N
authors: Turhan
authors: Turgut Ozal University Hospital, Department of Obs/Gyn, Ankara, Turkey.
authors: Deniz
authors: D
authors: Hızlı
authors: Gazi University Hospital, Department of Histology and Embriology, Ankara, Turkey.
authors: Gulce Naz
authors: GN
authors: Sarac
authors: Gazi University Hospital, Department of Histology and Embriology, Ankara, Turkey.
authors: Deniz
authors: D
authors: Erdogan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002923:Cilia / Q000473:pathology; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D005184:Fallopian Tube Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D051379:Mice; D011247:Pregnancy; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D014810:Vitamin E
keywords: Cilia number; Fallopian tubes; Infertility; Smoking; Vitamin E