title: Immune aspects of the breast tumor microenvironment.
abstract: The immune response in the tumor microenvironment is complex, consisting of cells from both the adaptive and innate immune systems. The phenotype and function of these cells are dictated by cytokines present in the microenvironment, as well as by the interactions of these cells with the tumor cells and each other. Technological advances have allowed investigators to better identify the specific immune cells present and immune-related gene signatures overexpressed in the tumor microenvironment. Increased knowledge of tumor immunology has allowed us to better understand how these cells and the developing tumor interact. Together, these advances have prompted the conduct of numerous studies investigating the prognostic and predictive significance of immune infiltrates.
authors: Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler St, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors: Akhil
authors: A
authors: Chawla
authors: Department of Stem Cell Transplantation & Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors: Gheath
authors: G
authors: Alatrash
authors: Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors: Yun
authors: Y
authors: Wu
authors: Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler St, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors: Elizabeth A
authors: EA
authors: Mittendorf