title: Accumulation and toxicological response of atrazine in rice crops.
abstract: Atrazine is one of the most widely used herbicides for controlling weeds and grasses. Due to its intensive use, it has become a serious contaminant in soil and water. To evaluate impact of atrazine on graminaceous crops, experiments focusing on atrazine accumulation and toxic response in rice (Oryza sativa) were carried out. Treatment with atrazine at 0.05-0.8 mg L(-1) for 6 d reduced elongation of shoot and root. Compared with a mock treatment, the elongation of shoot with atrazine was 67.1 percent of the control, whereas that of root was 79.5 percent, indicating that the shoot was more affected than the root. Atrazine was readily absorbed by rice from media. Although the quantitative absorption of atrazine was positively correlated with the external supply of the herbicide, translocation of atrazine from roots to the above-ground was reduced from 39.88±6.26 (at 0.05 mg L(-1)) to 9.25±0.27 (0.8 mg L(-1)). While accumulation of atrazine in rice plants led to toxic responses such as over-generation of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anions, it triggered the plant defense system against the herbicide-induced oxidative stress. This was best presented by the enhanced activities of several antioxidant enzymes (e.g. superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase) and expression of genes responsible for the tolerance to atrazine toxicity.
authors: Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Department of Pharmacy, Tongren Polytechnic, Tongren, China.
authors: Jia Jun
authors: JJ
authors: Zhang
authors: Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
authors: Yi Chen
authors: YC
authors: Lu
authors: Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
authors: Jin Jin
authors: JJ
authors: Zhang
authors: Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
authors: Li Rong
authors: LR
authors: Tan
authors: Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China. Electronic address: hongyang@njau.edu.cn.
authors: Hong
authors: H
authors: Yang
mesh_terms: D001280:Atrazine / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity*; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D012275:Oryza / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010544:Peroxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000378:metabolism; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D010544:Peroxidases; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D001280:Atrazine
keywords: Antioxidant enzymes; Atrazine; Gene expression; Herbicide; Rice (Oryza sativa)