title: Severe acute disseminated encephalomyelitis with clinical findings of transverse myelitis after herpes simplex virus infection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  ADEM is a central nervous disease that leads to myelin damage as a result of autoimmune response that develops after infections or vaccination. Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) infection rarely leads to ADEM.
  
  
  METHODS
  25-month-old male due to urinary retention, paradoxical respiration and muscle weakness after herpetic gingivostomatitis diagnosed as transverse myelitis. In follow-up with cranial and spinal magnetic resonance imaging multiple lesions were demonstrated. Electroneuromyography findings were compatible with acute sensorimotor neuropathy, serum anti-GM2 antibodies and Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Type 1/2 IgM / IgG detected negative and positivite, respectively. With these findings he was diagnosed acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) following HSV infection. Although acyclovir, intravenous immunoglobulin, methylprednisolone and plasmapheresis therapies, he is still in intensive physical therapy program with heavy sequel.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In our case, ADEM demonstrated transverse myelitis clinic after HSV infection which is rarely seen in literature. As well as clinic and spinal imaging findings, cranial imaging findings helped establishment of ADEM diagnosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To our best knowledge, HSV is a rare etiological and probably the poor prognostic factor of ADEM.
authors: Department of Pediatric Neurology, Izmir Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey.
authors: Berrak
authors: B
authors: Sarioglu
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Izmir Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey sedasirin85@yahoo.com.
authors: Seda Sirin
authors: SS
authors: Kose
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Izmir Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey.
authors: Serdar
authors: S
authors: Saritas
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Izmir Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey.
authors: Engin
authors: E
authors: Kose
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Izmir Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey.
authors: Ali
authors: A
authors: Kanik
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Izmir Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey.
authors: Mehmet
authors: M
authors: Helvaci
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004673:Encephalomyelitis, Acute Disseminated / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009188:Myelitis, Transverse / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018139:Simplexvirus; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000473:pathology
keywords: acute disseminated encephalomyelitis; childhood; herpes simplex virus; transvers myelitis