title: Lactobacillus paracasei CBA L74 metabolic products and fermented milk for infant formula have anti-inflammatory activity on dendritic cells in vitro and protective effects against colitis and an enteric pathogen in vivo.
abstract: The rapid expansion of commercially available fermented food products raises important safety issues particularly when infant food is concerned. In many cases, the activity of the microorganisms used for fermentation as well as what will be the immunological outcome of fermented food intake is not known. In this manuscript we used complex in vitro, ex-vivo and in vivo systems to study the immunomodulatory properties of probiotic-fermented products (culture supernatant and fermented milk without live bacteria to be used in infant formula). We found in vitro and ex-vivo that fermented products of Lactobacillus paracasei CBA L74 act via the inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine release leaving anti-inflammatory cytokines either unaffected or even increased in response to Salmonella typhimurium. These activities are not dependent on the inactivated bacteria but to metabolic products released during the fermentation process. We also show that our in vitro systems are predictive of an in vivo efficacy by the fermented products. Indeed CBA L74 fermented products (both culture medium and fermented milk) could protect against colitis and against an enteric pathogen infection (Salmonella typhimurium). Hence we found that fermented products can act via the inhibition of immune cell inflammation and can protect the host from pathobionts and enteric pathogens. These results open new perspectives in infant nutrition and suggest that L. paracasei CBA L74 fermented formula can provide immune benefits to formula-fed infants, without carrying live bacteria that may be potentially dangerous to an immature infant immune system.
authors: Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy.
authors: Elena
authors: E
authors: Zagato
authors: Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy.
authors: Erika
authors: E
authors: Mileti
authors: Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy.
authors: Lucia
authors: L
authors: Massimiliano
authors: R&D, Heinz Italia S.p.A., Latina, Italy.
authors: Francesca
authors: F
authors: Fasano
authors: R&D, Heinz Italia S.p.A., Latina, Italy.
authors: Andrea
authors: A
authors: Budelli
authors: Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy.
authors: Giuseppe
authors: G
authors: Penna
authors: Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy.
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: Rescigno
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003092:Colitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D005285:Fermentation / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D041943:Infant Formula / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008892:Milk / Q000378:metabolism*; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D020011:Protective Agents