title: Prevalence of undiagnosed and inadequately treated type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia in morbidly obese patients who present for bariatric surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pharmacotherapy is considered the primary treatment modality for diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HTN), and dyslipidemia (DYS). We sought to investigate the status of DM, HTN, and DYS in patients who seek bariatric surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Demographic and comorbidity history were prospectively collected on 1,508 patients referred for bariatric consultation at a single institution from February 2008 to March 2012. We utilized published consensus guidelines (GL) to benchmark the efficacy of standard pharmacotherapy for these metabolic diseases, and 881 patients met the study design criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most patients exhibited at least one form of metabolic dysregulation (pre-DM or DM, 75.8%; pre-HTN or HTN, 91.1%; pre-DYS or DYS, 84.0%; metabolic syndrome, 76.0%). The majority of patients either did not meet GL treatment goals (DM, 45.7%; HTN, 39.5%; DYS, 22.3%) or were previously undiagnosed (DM, 15.8%; HTN, 13.7%; DYS, 41.7%). Non-GL pharmacotherapy was significantly less effective than GL pharmacotherapy at achieving treatment goals for DM (31.8 vs. 53.2%, p < 0.001) and HTN (43.6 vs. 63.2%, p = 0.007). Patients with concurrent DM, HTN, and DYS (35.5%) were less likely than patients with only one or two of these metabolic diseases to achieve GL treatment goals for HTN (38.1 vs. 72.6%, p < 0.001) and DYS (55.7 vs. 73.8%, p = 0.002). Only 8.0% of these patients achieved treatment goals for all three metabolic comorbidities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this patient group, DM, HTN, and DYS were poorly compensated, even when pharmacotherapy was consistent with published GL. This may be due to disease burden in bariatric surgery candidates or to inadequate medical management prior to presentation.
authors: Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis, 2221 Stockton Boulevard, Cypress Building, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
authors: Rouzbeh
authors: R
authors: Mostaedi
authors: Denise E
authors: DE
authors: Lackey
authors: Sean H
authors: SH
authors: Adams
authors: Stephen A
authors: SA
authors: Dada
authors: Zahid A
authors: ZA
authors: Hoda
authors: Mohamed R
authors: MR
authors: Ali
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D050110:Bariatric Surgery; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D008875:Middle Aged; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies