title: Delayed flumazenil injection after endoscopic sedation increases patient satisfaction compared with immediate flumazenil injection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Flumazenil was administered after the completion of endoscopy under sedation to reduce recovery time and increase patient safety. We evaluated patient satisfaction after endoscopy under sedation according to the timing of a postprocedural flumazenil injection.
  
  
  METHODS
  In total, 200 subjects undergoing concurrent colonoscopy and upper endoscopy while sedated with midazolam and meperidine were enrolled in our investigation. We randomly administered 0.3 mg of flumazenil either immediately or 15 minutes after the endoscopic procedure. A postprocedural questionnaire and next day telephone interview were conducted to assess patient satisfaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Flumazenil injection timing did not affect the time spent in the recovery room when comparing the two groups of patients. However, the subjects in the 15 minutes injection group were more satisfied with undergoing endoscopy under sedation than the patients in the immediate injection group according to the postprocedural survey (p=0.019). However, no difference in overall satisfaction, memory, or willingness to undergo a future endoscopy was observed between the two groups when the telephone survey was conducted on the following day.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated that a delayed flumazenil injection after endoscopic sedation increased patient satisfaction without prolonging recovery time, even though the benefit of the delayed flumazenil injection did not persist into the following day.
authors: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.
authors: Hyun Jung
authors: HJ
authors: Chung
authors: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.
authors: Byoung Wook
authors: BW
authors: Bang
authors: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.
authors: Hyung Gil
authors: HG
authors: Kim
authors: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.
authors: Kye Sook
authors: KS
authors: Kwon
authors: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.
authors: Yong Woon
authors: YW
authors: Shin
authors: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.
authors: Seok
authors: S
authors: Jeong
authors: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.
authors: Don Haeng
authors: DH
authors: Lee
authors: Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.
authors: Shin Goo
authors: SG
authors: Park
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005442:Flumazenil / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018757:GABA Modulators / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000453:epidemiology; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018757:GABA Modulators; D005442:Flumazenil
keywords: Colonoscopy; Flumazenil; Midazolam; Patient satisfaction