title: The non-alcoholic fraction of beer increases stromal cell derived factor 1 and the number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells in high cardiovascular risk subjects: a randomized clinical trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Moderate alcohol consumption is associated with a decrease in cardiovascular risk, but fermented beverages seem to confer greater cardiovascular protection due to their polyphenolic content. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) are bone-marrow-derived stem cells with the ability to repair and maintain endothelial integrity and function and are considered as a surrogate marker of vascular function and cumulative cardiovascular risk. Nevertheless, no study has been carried out on the effects of moderate beer consumption on the number of circulating EPC in high cardiovascular risk patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effects of moderate consumption of beer, non-alcoholic beer and gin on the number of circulating EPC and EPC-mobilizing factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this crossover trial, 33 men at high cardiovascular risk were randomized to receive beer (30 g alcohol/d), the equivalent amount of polyphenols in the form of non-alcoholic beer, or gin (30 g alcohol/d) for 4 weeks. Diet and physical exercise were carefully monitored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The number of circulating EPC and EPC-mobilizing factors were determined at baseline and after each intervention. After the beer and non-alcoholic beer interventions, the number of circulating EPC significantly increased by 8 and 5 units, respectively, while no significant differences were observed after the gin period. In correlation, stromal cell derived factor 1 increased significantly after the non-alcoholic and the beer interventions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The non-alcoholic fraction of beer increases the number of circulating EPC in peripheral blood from high cardiovascular risk subjects.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  http://www.controlled-trials.com/ISRCTN95345245 ISRCTN95345245.
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER CB06/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, (CIBERobn) and RETIC RD06/0045, Spain.
authors: Gemma
authors: G
authors: Chiva-Blanch
authors: Primary Care Research Group, IDIBAPS, Centre d'Assistència Primària ABS Les Corts (AS), GESCLINIC, Barcelona, Spain.
authors: Ximena
authors: X
authors: Condines
authors: Primary Care Research Group, IDIBAPS, Centre d'Assistència Primària ABS Les Corts (AS), GESCLINIC, Barcelona, Spain.
authors: Emma
authors: E
authors: Magraner
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER CB06/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, (CIBERobn) and RETIC RD06/0045, Spain.
authors: Irene
authors: I
authors: Roth
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER CB06/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, (CIBERobn) and RETIC RD06/0045, Spain.
authors: Palmira
authors: P
authors: Valderas-Martínez
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER CB06/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, (CIBERobn) and RETIC RD06/0045, Spain.
authors: Sara
authors: S
authors: Arranz
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER CB06/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, (CIBERobn) and RETIC RD06/0045, Spain.
authors: Rosa
authors: R
authors: Casas
authors: CIBER CB06/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, (CIBERobn) and RETIC RD06/0045, Spain; Nutrition and Food Science Department, XaRTA, INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors: Miriam
authors: M
authors: Martínez-Huélamo
authors: CIBER CB06/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, (CIBERobn) and RETIC RD06/0045, Spain; Nutrition and Food Science Department, XaRTA, INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Vallverdú-Queralt
authors: CIBER CB06/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, (CIBERobn) and RETIC RD06/0045, Spain; Nutrition and Food Science Department, XaRTA, INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors: Paola
authors: P
authors: Quifer-Rada
authors: CIBER CB06/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, (CIBERobn) and RETIC RD06/0045, Spain; Nutrition and Food Science Department, XaRTA, INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors: Rosa M
authors: RM
authors: Lamuela-Raventos
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER CB06/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, (CIBERobn) and RETIC RD06/0045, Spain. Electronic address: restruch@clinic.ub.es.
authors: Ramon
authors: R
authors: Estruch
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000097:blood; D000434:Alcoholic Beverages / Q000032:analysis; D042501:Angiogenic Proteins / Q000097:blood; D001515:Beer / Q000032:analysis; D001772:Blood Cell Count; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood*; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12 / Q000097:blood*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004032:Diet; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000293:injuries; D015444:Exercise; D005192:Family Health; D055018:Hemangioblasts; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D042501:Angiogenic Proteins; C515255:CXCL12 protein, human; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; D059808:Polyphenols
keywords: Alcohol; Beer; Endothelial progenitor cells; Polyphenols; Stromal cell derived factor 1