title: Deaths among people with hepatitis C in New York City, 2000-2011.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) increases the risk of death from liver and nonliver-related diseases. Coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) further increases this risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  Surveillance data (2000-2010) and mortality data (2000-2011) maintained by the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH) were deterministically cross-matched. Factors associated with and causes of death among HCV-infected adult decedents were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between 2000 and 2011, 13 307 HCV-monoinfected adults died, and 5475 adults coinfected with HCV/HIV died. Decedents with HCV monoinfection were more likely to have died of liver cancer (odds ratio [OR] = 9.2), drug-related causes (OR = 4.3), and cirrhosis (OR = 3.7), compared with persons with neither infection. HCV/HIV-coinfected decedents were more likely to have died of liver cancer (OR = 2.2) and drug-related causes (OR = 3.1), compared with persons with neither infection. Among coinfected decedents, 53.6% of deaths were attributed to HIV/AIDS, and 94% of deaths occurred prematurely (before age 65). Among persons with HCV who died, more than half died within 3 years of an HCV report to DOHMH.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HCV-infected adults were at increased risk of dying and of dying prematurely, particularly from conditions associated with HCV, such as HIV/AIDS or drug use. The short interval between HCV report and death suggests a need for earlier testing and improved treatment.
authors: Division of Disease Control, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Queens, New York.
authors: Jessie
authors: J
authors: Pinchoff
authors: Ann
authors: A
authors: Drobnik
authors: Katherine
authors: K
authors: Bornschlegel
authors: Sarah
authors: S
authors: Braunstein
authors: Christine
authors: C
authors: Chan
authors: Jay K
authors: JK
authors: Varma
authors: Jennifer
authors: J
authors: Fuld
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000401:mortality*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009519:New York City / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications; D016019:Survival Analysis; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: HIV; coinfection; hepatitis C; mortality; surveillance