title: Impact of different domains of physical activity on cause-specific mortality: a longitudinal study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this paper is to examine the associations between different domains of physical activity and all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer mortality.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants (n=17,663, aged 16-92 years) of two general population health studies conducted between 1977 and 1993 in Switzerland were included. Physical activity was assessed at baseline in the domains of commuting to work, work-related physical activity, and leisure-time physical activity (including leisure-time activity level and sport activity). A median follow-up time of 20.2 years was obtained with anonymous record linkage providing 3878 deaths (CVD: 1357; cancer: 1351). Adjusted Cox proportional hazard models were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant associations between commuting and work-related physical activities, respectively, and mortality. Leisure-time activity level was associated with all-cause mortality in men [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.75, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.63-0.89] and women [HR 0.82 (0.74-0.91)], with CVD mortality in women only [HR 0.79 (0.67-0.94)] and with cancer mortality in men only [HR 0.63 (0.47-0.86)]. Sport activity was associated with all-cause, CVD and cancer mortality in men [HR ranged between 0.76 (0.63-0.92) and 0.85 (0.76-0.95)], but not in women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results underline the public health relevance of physical activity for the prevention of CVD and cancer, especially regarding leisure-time physical activity.
authors: Physical Activity and Health Working Unit, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Zurich, Seilergraben 49, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland. Electronic address: miriam.wanner@uzh.ch.
authors: Miriam
authors: M
authors: Wanner
authors: Demographics and Health Statistics Working Unit, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Zurich, Hirschengraben 84, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland. Electronic address: silvan.tarnutzer@ifspm.uzh.ch.
authors: Silvan
authors: S
authors: Tarnutzer
authors: Physical Activity and Health Working Unit, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Zurich, Seilergraben 49, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland. Electronic address: brian.martin@uzh.ch.
authors: Brian W
authors: BW
authors: Martin
authors: Demographics and Health Statistics Working Unit, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Zurich, Hirschengraben 84, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland. Electronic address: julia.braun@ifspm.uzh.ch.
authors: Julia
authors: J
authors: Braun
authors: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Zurich, Seilergraben 49, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland. Electronic address: sabine.rohrmann@ifspm.uzh.ch.
authors: Sabine
authors: S
authors: Rohrmann
authors: Demographics and Health Statistics Working Unit, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Zurich, Hirschengraben 84, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland. Electronic address: bopp@ifspm.uzh.ch.
authors: Matthias
authors: M
authors: Bopp
authors: Demographics and Health Statistics Working Unit, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Zurich, Hirschengraben 84, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland. Electronic address: david.faeh@uzh.ch.
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Faeh
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000401:mortality*; D002423:Cause of Death; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007899:Leisure Activities; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality*; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D013177:Sports; D013557:Switzerland / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Adults; Cancer; Cardiovascular disease; Mortality; Physical activity; Switzerland