title: The effects of caffeine ingestion on cortical areas: functional imaging study.
abstract: The effect of caffeine as a cognitive enhancer is well known; however, caffeine-induced changes in the cortical regions are still not very clear. Therefore, in this study, we conducted an investigation of the activation and deactivation with blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and of metabolic activity change with positron emission tomography (PET) in the human brain. Fourteen healthy subjects performed a visuomotor task inducing attention with 3T MRI, and PET imaging was also carried out in seven subjects to determine the cerebral glucose metabolic changes of caffeine at rest. The result by fMRI showed increased BOLD activation in the left cerebellum, putamen, insula, thalamus and the right primary motor cortex, and decreased BOLD deactivation in the posterior medial and the left posterior lateral cortex. Also, the resting state PET data showed reduced metabolic activity in the putamen, caudate nucleus, insula, pallidum and posterior medial cortex. The common cortical regions between fMRI and PET, such as putamen, insula and posterior medial cortex, where significant changes occurred after caffeine ingestion, are well known to play an important role in cognitive function like attention. This result suggests that the effect of caffeine as a cognitive enhancer is derived by modulating the attentional areas.
authors: Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
authors: Chan-A
authors: CA
authors: Park
authors: Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
authors: Chang-Ki
authors: CK
authors: Kang
authors: Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
authors: Young-Don
authors: YD
authors: Son
authors: Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
authors: Eun-Jung
authors: EJ
authors: Choi
authors: Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
authors: Sang-Hoon
authors: SH
authors: Kim
authors: Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
authors: Seung-Taek
authors: ST
authors: Oh
authors: Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
authors: Young-Bo
authors: YB
authors: Kim
authors: Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors: Chan-Woong
authors: CW
authors: Park
authors: Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Irvine, CA 92697, USA. Electronic address: zcho@gachon.ac.kr.
authors: Zang-Hee
authors: ZH
authors: Cho
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D002110:Caffeine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D018697:Nootropic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D018697:Nootropic Agents; D002110:Caffeine
keywords: Attention; Caffeine; PET glucose metabolism; fMRI BOLD