title: Induction of transplantation tolerance through regulatory cells: from mice to men.
abstract: Organ transplantation results in the activation of both innate and adaptive immune responses to the foreign antigens. While these responses can be limited with the use of systemic immunosuppressants, the induction of regulatory cell populations may be a novel strategy for the maintenance of specific immunological unresponsiveness that can reduce the severity of the detrimental side effects of current therapies. Our group has extensively researched different regulatory T-cell induction protocols for use as cellular therapy in transplantation. In this review, we address the cellular and molecular mechanisms behind regulatory T-cell suppression and their stability following induction protocols. We further discuss the use of different hematopoietically derived regulatory cell populations, including regulatory B cells, regulatory macrophages, tolerogenic dendritic cells, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, for the induction of transplantation tolerance in light of new clinical trials developing therapies with some of these populations.
authors: Transplantation Research Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
authors: Ivana R
authors: IR
authors: Ferrer
authors: Joanna
authors: J
authors: Hester
authors: Andrew
authors: A
authors: Bushell
authors: Kathryn J
authors: KJ
authors: Wood
mesh_terms: D019264:Adoptive Transfer; D000818:Animals; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006085:Graft Survival; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051379:Mice; D016377:Organ Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000637:transplantation; D023001:Transplantation Tolerance / Q000187:drug effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents
keywords: cell therapy; clinical trials; regulatory T cells; transplantation tolerance