title: Investigating preferences for support with life after stroke: a discrete choice experiment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is little evidence of service user preferences to guide the commissioning and improvement of services that support life after stroke. We report the first investigation of patients' and family carers' preferences for community services after stroke using a discrete choice experiment (DCE).
  
  
  METHODS
  Two workshops with patients and family carers (n = 8) explored stroke experiences, identifying attributes important in shaping views about service design, and piloted data collection strategies. Attributes were group versus individual support; service provider; additional support for social and leisure activities; and the total time required to access services. Patients and family carers were recruited six months post stroke-onset (mean 331 days) from four stroke services, and invited to participate in the DCE. Patients' general health (EQ5D) and functional dependence (Barthel Index) were also assessed. Of 474 eligible patients, 144 (30%) expressed an interest in the study, and 80 (56%) of these completed the survey questionnaire. 34 of 74 (46%) family carers recruited through patients completed the DCE.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All four attributes were significant in shaping patients preferences for stroke support service delivery (p < 0.05), confirming the interpretation of workshop findings. Patients prefer help and support for emotional needs, communication problems and physical difficulties to be provided on an individual basis; and to be offered additional social and leisure activities that they are able to attend on their own. Patients would appear to prefer that voluntary organisations do not provide these services, although this may be linked to lack of experience of these services. Family carers would prefer help and support in their caring role on a one-to-one basis. Whilst health related quality of life is associated with preference for format of service, results were relatively consistent across sub-groups, with the exception of time since stroke, where social and leisure activities had a greater impact on preferences of established service users.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data provide unique insights into how preferences for community services that support life after stroke are shaped. This information can be used to inform both service re-design, and barriers to implementation that will need to be accounted for in policy shifts towards a more mixed economy of service provision.
authors: School of Healthcare Sciences, College of Health and Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2EF, UK. c.burton@bangor.ac.uk.
authors: Christopher R
authors: CR
authors: Burton
authors: Emily
authors: E
authors: Fargher
authors: Catrin
authors: C
authors: Plumpton
authors: Gwerfyl W
authors: GW
authors: Roberts
authors: Heledd
authors: H
authors: Owen
authors: Eryl
authors: E
authors: Roberts
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000523:psychology; D000368:Aged; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology; D002755:Choice Behavior; D004493:Education; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D057240:Patient Preference / Q000523:psychology; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D012946:Social Welfare; D020521:Stroke / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires