title: Protection by a transdermal patch containing eserine and pralidoxime chloride for prophylaxis against (±)-Anatoxin A poisoning in rats.
abstract: The prophylactic and neuroprotective impact of a transdermal patch containing eserine and pralidoxime chloride (2-PAM) against (±)-Anatoxin A poisoning was investigated using Wistar strain albino rats. Rats were smooth-shaved on the dorsal side, attached with a drug-in-adhesive matrix type prophylactic transdermal patch for 72 h and challenged with subcutaneous injection of three doses (1.0, 1.5 and 2.0×LD50) of (±)-Anatoxin A. The LD50 value of (±)-Anatoxin A was determined to be 1.25mg/kg, and at this particular dose (1.0×LD50) of toxin induced severe clinical symptom including extreme seizures in rats, resulting acute brain injuries in discrete brain regions, leading to 100% mortality within 5 min. The anticonvulsant effect, antiarrythmic effect, nerve conduction study, clinical observations and mortality, neuroprotective effect as well as skin histopathology of the prophylactic transdermal patch against (±)-Anatoxin A poisoning were investigated systematically. It was found that seizures, tachycardia, nerve damage, clinical symptoms, brain injuries and mortality induced by such lethal toxin were effectively prevented by the prophylactic patch treatment up to certain LD50 level. Hence, it could be a choice of potential therapeutic regimen against such lethal poisoning.
authors: Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur 784 001, Assam, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, 835 215 Ranchi, Jharkhand, India.
authors: Subham
authors: S
authors: Banerjee
authors: Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur 784 001, Assam, India. Electronic address: chattopadhyay.drl@gmail.com.
authors: Pronobesh
authors: P
authors: Chattopadhyay
authors: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, 835 215 Ranchi, Jharkhand, India. Electronic address: aghosh@bitmesra.ac.in.
authors: Animesh
authors: A
authors: Ghosh
authors: Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur 784 001, Assam, India.
authors: Manash Pratim
authors: MP
authors: Pathak
authors: Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur 784 001, Assam, India.
authors: Jyotchna
authors: J
authors: Gogoi
authors: Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur 784 001, Assam, India.
authors: Vijay
authors: V
authors: Veer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D000087522:Cyanobacteria Toxins; D008297:Male; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010830:Physostigmine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011220:Pralidoxime Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012640:Seizures / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D057968:Transdermal Patch; D014326:Tropanes / Q000506:poisoning*
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D000927:Anticonvulsants; D000087522:Cyanobacteria Toxins; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D011220:Pralidoxime Compounds; D014326:Tropanes; C509783:anatoxin a; D010830:Physostigmine; C028797:pralidoxime
keywords: (±)-Anatoxin A; Eserine; Neuroprotection; Pralidoxime chloride; Prophylactic; Transdermal patch