title: Reconstruction of the great toe using a pedicled medial plantar flap with anterograde venous drainage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Reconstruction of the great toe defect is difficult. The most distal point of the rotation arc of a retrograde-flow medial plantar flap is the plantar side of the proximal phalanx. The purpose of this report was to present a new procedure that extends the rotation arc of this flap. Results of anatomic study and application in two patients were presented.
  
  
  METHODS
  An anatomical study was conducted on 10 freshly frozen cadavers to determine the rotation arc of the medial plantar flap based distally on the lateral plantar vessels. To enable anterograde venous drainage, two accompanying veins of the vascular pedicle were separated and anastomosed to each other. This surgical procedure was implemented in two clinical cases with the great toe defect. The maximum size of the elevated flap was 4 × 7 cm. The status of venous congestion of the flap was determined using the blood glucose measurement index.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We confirmed that the rotation arc of the medial plantar flap based distally on the lateral plantar vessels could reach the tip of the great toe, preserving all lateral plantar nerves and plantar metatarsal arteries. In the two cases, the congestion of the flap improved with anterograde venous drainage and the flaps survived completely.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A pedicled medial plantar flap with anterograde venous drainage may be a useful alternative option for the reconstruction of relatively large great toe defects.
authors: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba City, Japan.
authors: Shinsuke
authors: S
authors: Akita
authors: Nobuyuki
authors: N
authors: Mitsukawa
authors: Naoaki
authors: N
authors: Rikihisa
authors: Motone
authors: M
authors: Kuriyama
authors: Yoshitaka
authors: Y
authors: Kubota
authors: Masakazu
authors: M
authors: Hasegawa
authors: Tomoe
authors: T
authors: Koizumi
authors: Tatsuya
authors: T
authors: Ishigaki
authors: Yuuki
authors: Y
authors: Uchida
authors: Kaneshige
authors: K
authors: Satoh
mesh_terms: D000673:Amputation, Traumatic / Q000601:surgery*; D018223:Dermatofibrosarcoma / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005528:Foot / Q000294:innervation; D018409:Foot Injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000098:blood supply; D014034:Toes / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery*