title: Clinical profile, treatment and survival outcome of testicular tumors: a pakistani perspective.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Testicular cancer management is considered a marvel of modern science with excellent treatment results. Pakistan has a distinct ethnic variation and geographic distribution but data regarding clinical presentation of testicular tumors and their management is under reported. The objective of this study was to determine clinical profile, treatment modalities and survival outcome of testicular tumors in the Pakistani population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of patients who received treatment for testicular cancer at Shaukat Khanum Cancer Hospital from January 2009 to December 2012 was performed. Patient demographics, clinical features at presentation and treatment modalities were assessed. For categorical variables chi square test was used. Survival was calculated using Kaplan Meier survival curves and Log rank test was employed to determine significance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most common tumor was mixed germ cell tumor in 49% patients. For all tumor variants except seminoma, stage III was the most common clinical stage at presentation. Majority of patients with non seminomatous germ cell tumors presented in the15-30 year age group as compared to seminoma which was most prevalent in the 30-40 year age group. Orchiectomy followed by chemotherapy was the most common treatment modality in 80% patients. Expected 5 year survival for seminomas and non- seminomatous germ cell tumors was 96% and 90% respectively which was not significantly different (p=0.2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite a distinct clinical profile of testicular tumors in Pakistani population, survival is comparable with published reports.
authors: Department of Surgical Oncology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan E-mail : abubakar.hafeez@yahoo.com.
authors: Abu Bakar Hafeez
authors: AB
authors: Bhatti
authors: Irfan
authors: I
authors: Ahmed
authors: Rashid Khan
authors: RK
authors: Ghauri
authors: Qamar
authors: Q
authors: Saeed
authors: Khurram
authors: K
authors: Mir
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009373:Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D009919:Orchiectomy; D010154:Pakistan; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018239:Seminoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D015996:Survival Rate; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D055815:Young Adult; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins