title: Rapid acquisition of auditory subcortical steady state responses using multichannel recordings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Auditory subcortical steady state responses (SSSRs), also known as frequency following responses (FFRs), provide a non-invasive measure of phase-locked neural responses to acoustic and cochlear-induced periodicities. SSSRs have been used both clinically and in basic neurophysiological investigation of auditory function. SSSR data acquisition typically involves thousands of presentations of each stimulus type, sometimes in two polarities, with acquisition times often exceeding an hour per subject. Here, we present a novel approach to reduce the data acquisition times significantly.
  
  
  METHODS
  Because the sources of the SSSR are deep compared to the primary noise sources, namely background spontaneous cortical activity, the SSSR varies more smoothly over the scalp than the noise. We exploit this property and extract SSSRs efficiently, using multichannel recordings and an eigendecomposition of the complex cross-channel spectral density matrix.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our proposed method yields SNR improvement exceeding a factor of 3 compared to traditional single-channel methods.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is possible to reduce data acquisition times for SSSRs significantly with our approach.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The proposed method allows SSSRs to be recorded for several stimulus conditions within a single session and also makes it possible to acquire both SSSRs and cortical EEG responses without increasing the session length.
authors: Center for Computational Neuroscience and Neural Technology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, United States. Electronic address: harimb@bu.edu.
authors: Hari M
authors: HM
authors: Bharadwaj
authors: Center for Computational Neuroscience and Neural Technology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, United States. Electronic address: shinn@cns.bu.edu.
authors: Barbara G
authors: BG
authors: Shinn-Cunningham
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D001303:Auditory Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D003051:Cochlea / Q000502:physiology; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D016057:Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D059629:Signal-To-Noise Ratio; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Auditory brainstem response; Complex principal component analysis; Frequency following response; Multichannel; Rapid acquisition