title: Community-acquired infections associated with increased risk of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/Waldenström macroglobulinaemia.
abstract: Emerging evidence supports the role of immune stimulation in the development of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/Waldenström Macroglobulinaemia (LPL/WM). Using the population-based Surveillance, Epidemiology End Results-Medicare database we investigated the exposure to 14 common community-acquired infections and subsequent risk of LPL/WM in 693 LPL/WM cases and 200 000 controls. Respiratory tract infections, bronchitis [odds ratio (OR) 1·56], pharyngitis (OR 1·43), pneumonia (OR 1·42) and sinusitis (OR 1·33) and skin infection, herpes zoster (OR 1·51) were all significantly associated with subsequent increased risk of LPL/WM. For each of these infections, the findings remained significantly elevated following the exclusion of more than 6 years of Medicare claims data prior to LPL/WM diagnosis. Our findings may support a role for infections in the development of LPL/WM or could reflect an underlying immune disturbance that is present several years prior to diagnosis and thereby part of the natural history of disease progression.
authors: Cancer Epidemiology and Health Services Research Group, Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
authors: Charlene M
authors: CM
authors: McShane
authors: Liam J
authors: LJ
authors: Murray
authors: Eric A
authors: EA
authors: Engels
authors: Lesley A
authors: LA
authors: Anderson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D017714:Community-Acquired Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006562:Herpes Zoster / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012042:Registries; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D008258:Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*
keywords: community-acquired infection; herpes zoster; infection; lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/Waldenström macroglobulinaemia; respiratory tract infection