title: Photoluminescent green carbon nanodots from food-waste-derived sources: large-scale synthesis, properties, and biomedical applications.
abstract: We have developed a simple approach for the large-scale synthesis of water-soluble green carbon nanodots (G-dots) from many kinds of large food waste-derived sources. About 120 g of G-dots per 100 kg of food waste can be synthesized using our simple and environmentally friendly synthesis approach. The G-dots exhibit a high degree of solubility in water because of the abundant oxygen-containing functional groups around their surface. The narrow band of photoluminescence emission (400-470 nm) confirms that the size of the G-dots (∼4 nm) is small because of a similar quantum effects and emission traps on the surfaces. The G-dots have excellent photostability; their photoluminescence intensity decreases slowly (∼8%) under continuous excitation with a Xe lamp for 10 days. We carried out cell viability assay to assess the effect of cytotoxicity by introducing G-dots in cells such as Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1), mouse muscle cells (C2C12), and African green monkey kidney cells (COS-7), up to a concentration of 2 mg mL(-1) for 24 h. Due to their high photostability and low cytotoxicity, these G-dots are excellent probes for in vitro bioimaging. Moreover, the byproducts (not including G-dots) of G-dot synthesis from large food-waste derived sources promoted the growth and development of seedlings germinated on 3DW-supplemented gauze. Because of the combined advantages of green synthesis, high aqueous stability, high photostability, and low cytotoxicity, the G-dots show considerable promise in various areas, including biomedical imaging, solution state optoelectronics, and plant seed germination and/or growth.
authors: Division of Materials Science, Korea Basic Science Institute , Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea.
authors: So Young
authors: SY
authors: Park
authors: Hyun Uk
authors: HU
authors: Lee
authors: Eun Sik
authors: ES
authors: Park
authors: Soon Chang
authors: SC
authors: Lee
authors: Jae-Won
authors: JW
authors: Lee
authors: Soon Woo
authors: SW
authors: Jeong
authors: Chi Hyun
authors: CH
authors: Kim
authors: Young-Chul
authors: YC
authors: Lee
authors: Yun Suk
authors: YS
authors: Huh
authors: Jouhahn
authors: J
authors: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002477:Cells / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000166:cytology; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D055772:Green Chemistry Technology; D049449:Luminescence; D051379:Mice; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D014675:Vegetables / Q000737:chemistry; D014866:Waste Products / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D014866:Waste Products; D002244:Carbon