title: A cross-lagged path analysis of five intrapersonal determinants of smoking cessation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prominent theories of drug use underscore the importance of considering the inter-relationships (e.g., reciprocal relations, indirect effects) of determinants of drug use behavior. In the area of smoking, few studies have examined multiple determinants of cessation in this way, and in prospective analyses. The current study is an examination of the prospective cross-lagged relationships among five intrapersonal determinants of cessation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from a longitudinal cohort study on racial differences in the process of smoking cessation were used to examine reciprocal relations among abstinence motivation, abstinence self-efficacy, positive affect, negative affect, and craving. Each of these five measures assessed on the quit day were regressed onto the same measures assessed 1-2 weeks pre-quit. The relationships of these variables at quit day with 1-week post-quit abstinence from smoking were also examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When the five variables were examined simultaneously in a cross-lagged path analysis, motivation and self-efficacy, and self-efficacy and positive affect showed cross-lagged relations. Only self-efficacy on the quit day uniquely predicted 1-week post quit abstinence. There were significant indirect effects of motivation and positive affect on cessation via self-efficacy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current study reaffirms the importance of motivation and self-efficacy in smoking cessation, and suggests that positive affect may play a role in smoking cessation.
authors: School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, D3500, Austin, TX 78712, United States. Electronic address: ycastro@austin.utexas.edu.
authors: Yessenia
authors: Y
authors: Castro
authors: Department of Health Disparities Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1440, PO Box 301402, Houston, TX 77230, United States.
authors: Miguel Ángel
authors: MÁ
authors: Cano
authors: Division of Health Promotion and Behavioral Science, The University of Texas School of Public Health Dallas Regional Campus, 5323 Harry Hines Building, V8.112, Dallas, TX 75390-9128, United States.
authors: Michael S
authors: MS
authors: Businelle
authors: Department of Health Disparities Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1440, PO Box 301402, Houston, TX 77230, United States.
authors: Virmarie
authors: V
authors: Correa-Fernández
authors: Department of Psychological Science, Georgia College and State University, 1-03 Arts & Sciences Building, Milledgeville, GA 31061, United States.
authors: Whitney L
authors: WL
authors: Heppner
authors: Memorial Brain and Behavior Center, 915 Gessner Rd Suite 550. 770242527 Houston, TX, USA.
authors: Carlos A
authors: CA
authors: Mazas
authors: Department of Health Disparities Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1440, PO Box 301402, Houston, TX 77230, United States.
authors: David W
authors: DW
authors: Wetter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016739:Behavior, Addictive / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D020377:Self Efficacy; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods* / Q000523:psychology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Affect; Craving; Motivation; Self-efficacy; Smoking cessation