title: Mass balance and metabolite profiling of steady-state faldaprevir, a hepatitis C virus NS3/4 protease inhibitor, in healthy male subjects.
abstract: The pharmacokinetics, mass balance, and metabolite profiles of faldaprevir, a selective peptide-mimetic hepatitis C virus NS3/NS4 protease inhibitor, were assessed at steady state in 7 healthy male subjects. Subjects received oral doses of 480 mg faldaprevir on day 1, followed by 240 mg faldaprevir on days 2 to 8 and 10 to 15. [14C]faldaprevir (240 mg containing 100 μCi) was administered on day 9. Blood, urine, feces, and saliva samples were collected at intervals throughout the study. Metabolite profiling was performed using radiochromatography, and metabolite identification was conducted using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The overall recovery of radioactivity was high (98.8%), with the majority recovered from feces (98.7%). There was minimal radioactivity in urine (0.113%) and saliva. Circulating radioactivity was predominantly confined to plasma with minimal partitioning into red blood cells. The terminal half-life of radioactivity in plasma was approximately 23 h with no evidence of any long-lasting metabolites. Faldaprevir was the predominant circulating form, accounting for 98 to 100% of plasma radioactivity from each subject. Faldaprevir was the only drug-related component detected in urine. Faldaprevir was also the major drug-related component in feces, representing 49.8% of the radioactive dose. The majority of the remainder of radioactivity in feces (41% of the dose) was accounted for in almost equal quantities by 2 hydroxylated metabolites. The most common adverse events were nausea, diarrhea, and constipation, all of which were related to study drug. In conclusion, faldaprevir is predominantly excreted in feces with negligible urinary excretion.
authors: Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA.
authors: Lin-Zhi
authors: LZ
authors: Chen
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Rose
authors: Yanping
authors: Y
authors: Mao
authors: Chan-Loi
authors: CL
authors: Yong
authors: Roger
authors: R
authors: St George
authors: Fenglei
authors: F
authors: Huang
authors: Bachir
authors: B
authors: Latli
authors: Debra
authors: D
authors: Mandarino
authors: Yongmei
authors: Y
authors: Li
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000621:Aminoisobutyric Acids; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007930:Leucine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000652:urine; D011392:Proline / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000652:urine; D011804:Quinolines; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000652:urine; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000621:Aminoisobutyric Acids; D009842:Oligopeptides; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D011804:Quinolines; D013844:Thiazoles; C552340:faldaprevir; D011392:Proline; D007930:Leucine