title: Metal Chelating Crosslinkers Form Nanogels with High Chelation Stability.
abstract: We present a series of hydrogel nanoparticles (nanogels) incorporating either acyclic or cyclic metal chelates as crosslinkers. These crosslinkers are used to formulate polyacrylamide-based nanogels (diameter 50 to 85 nm) yielding contrast agents with enhanced relaxivities (up to 6-fold greater than Dotarem®), because this nanogel structure slows the chelator's tumbling frequency and allows fast water exchange. Importantly, these nanogels also stabilize Gd3+within the chelator thermodynamically and kinetically against metal displacement through transmetallation, which should reduce toxicity associated with release of free Gd3+. This chelation stability suggests that the chelate crosslinker strategy may prove useful for other applications of metal-chelating nanoparticles in medicine, including other imaging modalities and radiotherapy.
authors: Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. KACST-UCSD Center of Excellence in Nanomedicine. Laboratory of Bioresponsive Materials, University of California, San Diego. 9500 Gilman Dr., 0600, PSB 2270, La Jolla, CA-92093-0600, United States.
authors: Jacques
authors: J
authors: Lux
authors: Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. KACST-UCSD Center of Excellence in Nanomedicine. Laboratory of Bioresponsive Materials, University of California, San Diego. 9500 Gilman Dr., 0600, PSB 2270, La Jolla, CA-92093-0600, United States.
authors: Minnie
authors: M
authors: Chan
authors: Department of General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium.Address, Address, Town, Country.
authors: Luce Vander
authors: LV
authors: Elst
authors: Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. KACST-UCSD Center of Excellence in Nanomedicine. Laboratory of Bioresponsive Materials, University of California, San Diego. 9500 Gilman Dr., 0600, PSB 2270, La Jolla, CA-92093-0600, United States.
authors: Eric
authors: E
authors: Schopf
authors: Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. KACST-UCSD Center of Excellence in Nanomedicine. Laboratory of Bioresponsive Materials, University of California, San Diego. 9500 Gilman Dr., 0600, PSB 2270, La Jolla, CA-92093-0600, United States.
authors: Enas
authors: E
authors: Mahmoud
authors: Department of General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium.Address, Address, Town, Country.
authors: Sophie
authors: S
authors: Laurent
authors: Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. KACST-UCSD Center of Excellence in Nanomedicine. Laboratory of Bioresponsive Materials, University of California, San Diego. 9500 Gilman Dr., 0600, PSB 2270, La Jolla, CA-92093-0600, United States.
authors: Adah
authors: A
authors: Almutairi