title: Phylogenetic and molecular dating analysis of Taiwan Blue Pheasant (Lophura swinhoii).
abstract: The Swinhoe's Pheasant (Lophura swinhoii) is an endemic and most endangered species to Taiwan, China. It belongs to the genus Lophura, family Phasianidae. To further investigate the evolutionary history of L. swinhoii, we determined its complete mitochondrial genome and reconstructed a single, robust phylogenetic tree. Our results showed that L. swinhoii is clustered with Lophura nycthemera and forms a sister group of Lophura ignita. The genus Lophura is strongly supported as the sister taxon of the genus Crossoptilon. The molecular clock analysis showed that the genetic divergence of L. swinhoii occurred in 2.71 (1.31-4.22) Mya. The most common ancestor of L. swinhoii might have migrated from mainland of South East Asia to Taiwan Island by the land bridge at 2.71 Mya ago. Taiwan Island is separated from the mainland by the sea (Taiwan Strait) and formed a separate island at around 2.5 Mya because of the transgression and regression. Therefore, geographical isolation and climate change may accelerate the evolution of L. swinhoii. In this study, we propose a biogeographic hypothesis for speciation of the L. swinhoii based on known events of the geographic and geological history of South East Asia and southeast China, which would benefit the understanding of evolutionary history of L. swinhoii as well as other galliform birds.
authors: Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Biopharmaceutics, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, Sichuan 621006, PR China; Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China.
authors: Lichun
authors: L
authors: Jiang
authors: Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China.
authors: Gaochao
authors: G
authors: Wang
authors: Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China.
authors: Rui
authors: R
authors: Peng
authors: Department of Biomedical Science, Chengdu Medical College, Tian Hui Road 601, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, PR China.
authors: Quekun
authors: Q
authors: Peng
authors: Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China. Electronic address: zoufd@yahoo.com.
authors: Fangdong
authors: F
authors: Zou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D046094:Galliformes / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics; D014644:Genetic Variation; D054629:Genome, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics; D005843:Geography; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000235:genetics*; D010802:Phylogeny; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013624:Taiwan
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial
keywords: Avian galliformes; Divergence time; Lophura swinhoii; Mitochondrial genome; Phasianidae; Phylogenetic relationship