title: The fronds tonoplast quantitative proteomic analysis in arsenic hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata L.
abstract: Pteris vittata, the first known arsenic hyperaccumulating plant, can accumulate very high concentration arsenic in its aboveground tissues, while low in roots. Previous studies have suggested that arsenic vacuole compartmentalization may play an important role in the arsenic-hyperaccumulation in P. vittata, but the mechanism(s) of arsenic transport to vacuole are largely unknown. We obtained tonoplast isolated from fronds of P. vittata sporophyte grown under minus and 1mM arsenate for 3weeks by iodixanol step gradient centrifugation method, and then used TMPP protein labeling technology followed by liquid chromatography-a linear ion trap-Orbitrap hybrid mass spectrometer analysis for the quantitative detection of proteins. And we designed and used an "artificial" database for database searching. In total, 56 tonoplast proteins were identified; more than 70% of them were transport proteins. Under arsenate treatment, one TDT transporter protein, a member of the TerC family and a PDR-like protein were upregulated differentially. While V-ATPase subunits c, E, and G, and V-PPase, were downregulated. Additionally, the identified tonoplast proteins in our present study provide an informative basis for arsenic carriers or channels and help to clarify the regulation of tonoplast arsenic transport processes in P. vittata.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vacuole compartmentalization is crucial to As hyperaccumulator P. vittata, while there is limited known arsenic transport proteins involved in vacuole compartmentalization. In this paper, we obtained tonoplast of P. vittata fronds by iodixanol step gradient centrifugation method and then used TMPP protein labeling proteome technology for the quantitative detection of fronds tonoplast proteins. Our findings are the first challenge to the tonoplast proteins data mining of P. vittata which provide an informative basis for As carriers or channels. The proteomic approach in our study is suited for detecting alterations tonoplast protein and help to clarify the regulation of tonoplast transport processes. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Proteomics of non-model organisms.
authors: Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
authors: Hongling
authors: H
authors: Shen
authors: Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China. Electronic address: hezhenyan@ibcas.ac.cn.
authors: Zhenyan
authors: Z
authors: He
authors: Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
authors: Huili
authors: H
authors: Yan
authors: Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
authors: Zenan
authors: Z
authors: Xing
authors: Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
authors: Yanshan
authors: Y
authors: Chen
authors: Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
authors: Wenxiu
authors: W
authors: Xu
authors: Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
authors: Wenzhong
authors: W
authors: Xu
authors: Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
authors: Mi
authors: M
authors: Ma
mesh_terms: D001151:Arsenic / Q000378:metabolism*; D001693:Biological Transport, Active / Q000502:physiology; D035261:Plant Components, Aerial / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*; D032495:Pteris / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014617:Vacuoles / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D001151:Arsenic
keywords: Arsenic detoxification; Compartmentalization; Membrane proteomic; Pteris vittata; Vacuole transporter