title: A user-operated audiometry method based on the maximum likelihood principle and the two-alternative forced-choice paradigm.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To create a user-operated pure-tone audiometry method based on the method of maximum likelihood (MML) and the two-alternative forced-choice (2AFC) paradigm with high test-retest reliability without the need of an external operator and with minimal influence of subjects' fluctuating response criteria. User-operated audiometry was developed as an alternative to traditional audiometry for research purposes among musicians.
  
  
  METHODS
  Test-retest reliability of the user-operated audiometry system was evaluated and the user-operated audiometry system was compared with traditional audiometry.
  
  
  METHODS
  Test-retest reliability of user-operated 2AFC audiometry was tested with 38 naïve listeners. User-operated 2AFC audiometry was compared to traditional audiometry in 41 subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The repeatability of user-operated 2AFC audiometry was comparable to traditional audiometry with standard deviation of differences from 3.9 dB to 5.2 dB in the frequency range of 250-8000 Hz. User-operated 2AFC audiometry gave thresholds 1-2 dB lower at most frequencies compared to traditional audiometry.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  User-operated 2AFC audiometry does not require specific operating skills and the repeatability is acceptable and similar to traditional audiometry. User operated 2AFC audiometry is a reliable alternative to traditional audiometry.
authors: * Department of Audiology, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark , Odense , Denmark.
authors: Jesper Hvass
authors: JH
authors: Schmidt
authors: Christian
authors: C
authors: Brandt
authors: Ellen Raben
authors: ER
authors: Pedersen
authors: Jakob
authors: J
authors: Christensen-Dalsgaard
authors: Ture
authors: T
authors: Andersen
authors: Torben
authors: T
authors: Poulsen
authors: Jesper
authors: J
authors: Bælum
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001301:Audiometry, Pure-Tone / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D001307:Auditory Perception; D001309:Auditory Threshold; D001331:Automation; D002648:Child; D002755:Choice Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009146:Music; D015588:Observer Variation; D009790:Occupations; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: 2AFC; Audiometry; automated audiometry; user-operated audiometry