title: Transcriptomics and identification of the chemoreceptor superfamily of the pupal parasitoid of the oriental fruit fly, Spalangia endius Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel, causes serious losses to fruit production and is one of the most economically important pests in many countries, including China, Spalangia endius Walker is a pupal parasitoid of various dipteran hosts, and may be considered a potentially important ectoparasitic pupal parasitoid of B. dorsalis. However, lack of genetic information on this organism is an obstacle to understanding the mechanisms behind its interaction with this host. Analysis of the S. endius transcriptome is essential to extend the resources of genetic information on this species and, to support studies on S. endius on the host B. dorsalis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We performed de novo assembly RNA-seq of S. endius. We obtained nearly 10 Gbp of data using a HiSeq platform, and 36319 high-quality transcripts using Trinity software. A total of 22443 (61.79%) unigenes were aligned to homologous sequences in the jewel wasp and honeybee (Apis florae) protein set from public databases. A total of 10037 protein domains were identified in 7892 S. endius transcripts using HMMER3 software. We identified expression of six gustatory receptor and 21 odorant receptor genes in the sample, with only one gene having a high expression level in each family. The other genes had a low expression level, including two genes regulated by splicing. This result may be due to the wasps being kept under laboratory conditions. Additionally, a total of 3727 SSR markers were predicted, which could facilitate the identification of polymorphisms and functional genes within wasp populations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This transcriptome greatly improves our genetic understanding of S. endius and provides a large number of gene sequences for further study.
authors: Plant Protection Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China ; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China ; Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
authors: Yuping
authors: Y
authors: Zhang
authors: Plant Protection Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China ; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China ; Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
authors: Yuan
authors: Y
authors: Zheng
authors: Plant Protection Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China ; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China ; Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
authors: Dunsong
authors: D
authors: Li
authors: Plant Protection Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China ; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China ; Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
authors: Yilin
authors: Y
authors: Fan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D030561:Databases, Nucleic Acid; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D006927:Hymenoptera / Q000469:parasitology*; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011679:Pupa / Q000469:parasitology; D018035:Receptors, Odorant / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D033621:Tephritidae / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019476:Insect Proteins; D018035:Receptors, Odorant