title: Transient ischemic attack requiring hospitalization of children in the United States: kids' inpatient database 2003 to 2009.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Transient ischemic attacks (TIA) are not well described in children. We assessed the prevalence of risk factors for TIA requiring hospitalization in children in a large national database.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Kids' Inpatient Database, children aged 1 to 18 years admitted for TIA in 2003, 2006, and 2009 were identified by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification code 435. Descriptive analyses identified patient characteristics. Trend analysis determined the change in annual average hospitalization days from 2003 to 2009.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TIA was the primary diagnosis for 531 children. Important secondary diagnoses included sickle cell disease (20%), congenital heart disease (11%), migraine (12%), moyamoya disease (10%), and stroke (4%). Mean length of stay decreased from 3.0 days (95% confidence interval, 2.4-3.6) in 2003 to 2.3 days (95% confidence interval, 2.0-2.7) in 2009 (P=0.04). During the same period, 2590 children were admitted with ischemic stroke; 4.8 children with stroke were admitted for every child with TIA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recognized risk factors for TIA, including sickle cell disease, congenital heart disease, moyamoya, recent stroke, and migraine, were present in <60% of children. Pediatric admissions for ischemic stroke were ≈5-fold more common than for TIA. Further study is required to understand the risk of stroke after TIA in children to guide appropriate evaluation and treatment.
authors: From the Zeenat Qureshi Stroke Institute, St. Cloud, MN (M.M.A., A.I.Q.); Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (L.A.B.); and Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Pediatric Neurology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (L.C.J.).
authors: Malik M
authors: MM
authors: Adil
authors: Adnan I
authors: AI
authors: Qureshi
authors: Lauren A
authors: LA
authors: Beslow
authors: Lori C
authors: LC
authors: Jordan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: child; ischemic attack, transient; stroke