title: Cardioembolic stroke diagnosis using blood biomarkers.
abstract: Stroke is one of the main causes of death and disability in the world. Cardioembolic etiology accounts for approximately one fifth of all ischemic strokes whereas 25-30% remains undetermined even after an advanced diagnostic workup. Despite there is not any biomarker currently approved to distinguish cardioembolic stroke among other etiologies in clinical practice the use of biomarkers represents a promising valuable complement to determine stroke etiology reducing the number of cryptogenic strokes and aiding in the prescription of the most appropriated primary and secondary treatments in order to minimize therapeutic risks and to avoid recurrences. In this review we present an update about specific cardioembolic stroke-related biomarkers at a protein, transcriptomic and genetic level. Finally, we also focused on reported biomarkers associated with atrial fibrillation (a cardiac illness strongly related with cardioembolic stroke subtype) thus with a potential to become biomarkers to detect cardioembolic stroke in the future.
authors: Victor
authors: V
authors: Llombart
authors: Teresa
authors: T
authors: Garcia-Berrocoso
authors: Alejandro
authors: A
authors: Bustamante
authors: Israel
authors: I
authors: Fernandez-Cadenas
authors: Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron. Barcelona, Spain. Neurovascular Unit. Department of Neurology. Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona. Hospital Vall d'Hebron. Barcelona. Spain. llombs@hotmail.com.
authors: Joan
authors: J
authors: Montaner
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular; D015870:Gene Expression; D005819:Genetic Markers; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000097:blood; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D020521:Stroke / Q000097:blood / Q000145:classification / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005819:Genetic Markers; D035683:MicroRNAs