title: Snail as a potential marker for predicting the recurrence of prostate cancer in patients at stage T2 after radical prostatectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We retrospectively investigated the relationship between immunohistochemical staining of radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens for snail and cancer recurrence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-six patients with prostate cancer who underwent RP were enrolled, and 53 patients were ultimately collected whose cancer was pathologically defined as T2. We detected the expression of snail using tissue microarrays. The snail image score was determined by the intensity×tumor percentage, and a high score was defined as 8 (1-12 points).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The snail image scores and Gleason score sums were correlated with recurrence-free survival according to a log-rank test (p<0.05). In a Cox proportional hazard model, only a high snail image score (≥8) (hazard ratio (HR): 3.04, p=0.036) but not a high Gleason score sum (≥7) (HR: 1.33, p=0.215), and a more-advanced pathological T stage (T2c) (HR: 1.5, p=0.461) were significantly correlated with worse recurrence-free survival. The snail image score was determined to be an independent factor for predicting prostate cancer recurrence after RP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with pathological localized prostate cancer and a high snail image score in cancer tissue, adjuvant therapy might be suggested to prevent early biochemical failure.
authors: Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors: Yu-Ching
authors: YC
authors: Wen
authors: Department of Pathology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors: Wei-Yu
authors: WY
authors: Chen
authors: Department of Urology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors: Wei-Jiunn
authors: WJ
authors: Lee
authors: Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors: Shun-Fa
authors: SF
authors: Yang
authors: Department of Urology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors: Liang-Ming
authors: LM
authors: Lee
authors: Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Education and Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: mhchien1976@gmail.com.
authors: Ming-Hsien
authors: MH
authors: Chien
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000601:surgery; D000071250:Snail Family Transcription Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D000071250:Snail Family Transcription Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors
keywords: Prostate cancer; Radical prostatectomy; Recurrence; Snail; Stage T2