title: [Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Spanish patients with schizophrenia and overweight. The CRESSOB Study].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Metabolic syndrome (MS) (visceral obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and hypertension), has become one of the major public-health challenges worldwide. Patients with schizophrenia are more likely to suffer from MS than the general population.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The primary aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of MS in Spanish patients with schizophrenia and overweight and to compare the best method to calculate the MS prevalence in this population. A secondary aim of the CRESSOB study was to determine whether the presence of the metabolic syndrome (MS) is associated or not with clinical remission of schizophrenia.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Control of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Schizophrenia and Overweight (CRESSOB) study is a 12-month, prospective, naturalistic study including 110 community mental health clinics selected at random. Each site enrolled four consecutive patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, according to DSM-IV TR criteria, and who were overweight (Body Mass Index (BMI) >25 kg/m2). To assess the prevalence of MS we analyzed the baseline results of the CRESSOB study. The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP-ATP III), the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (AHA/NHLBI) definitions were used to establish the presence of MS. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was used to determine the percentage of patients in remission. Psychosocial functioning was measured by the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 391 patients were enrolled in the study (mean age 40.5 years, 63.8% men). 75.9% of the patients did not meet criteria for remission, using the selected PANSS items. The mean GAF score was 52.7 (Standard Deviation (SD) 15.4). Overall, 59.0% of males and 58.3% of females fulfilled the NCEP-ATP III criteria, 71.1% of males and 65.8% of females fulfilled the IDF criteria and 70.1% of males and 65.1% of females fulfilled the AHA/ NHLBI criteria. The patients who fulfilled remission criteria were younger, had a lower BMI, and a higher GAF score.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MS is highly prevalent in Spanish patients with schizophrenia who are overweight. Given that metabolic syndrome is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease, these patients should receive appropriate clinical monitoring for this syndrome.
authors: Psychiatry Service, San Cecilio University Hospital. CTS-549 Research Group, Institute of Neurosciences, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors: Luis
authors: L
authors: Gutiérrez-Rojas
authors: Clinical Investigation Unit, University Hospital, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.
authors: José R
authors: JR
authors: Azanza
authors: Institut d Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain. Psychiatry Department, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. Department of Psychiatry & Clinical Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors: Miquel
authors: M
authors: Bernardo
authors: Psychiatric Unit, Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain.
authors: Luis
authors: L
authors: Rojo
authors: Department of Neurosciences, Medical Unit, Pfizer España, Alcobendas, Madrid, Spain.
authors: Francisco
authors: F
authors: Mesa
authors: CTS-549 Research Group, Institute of Neurosciences, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors: José M
authors: JM
authors: Martínez-Ortega
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D050177:Overweight / Q000150:complications*; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications*; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology