title: Can quantitative EEG measures predict clinical outcome in subjects at Clinical High Risk for psychosis? A prospective multicenter study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prediction studies in subjects at Clinical High Risk (CHR) for psychosis are hampered by a high proportion of uncertain outcomes. We therefore investigated whether quantitative EEG (QEEG) parameters can contribute to an improved identification of CHR subjects with a later conversion to psychosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  This investigation was a project within the European Prediction of Psychosis Study (EPOS), a prospective multicenter, naturalistic field study with an 18-month follow-up period. QEEG spectral power and alpha peak frequencies (APF) were determined in 113 CHR subjects. The primary outcome measure was conversion to psychosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cox regression yielded a model including frontal theta (HR=1.82; [95% CI 1.00-3.32]) and delta (HR=2.60; [95% CI 1.30-5.20]) power, and occipital-parietal APF (HR=.52; [95% CI .35-.80]) as predictors of conversion to psychosis. The resulting equation enabled the development of a prognostic index with three risk classes (hazard rate 0.057 to 0.81).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Power in theta and delta ranges and APF contribute to the short-term prediction of psychosis and enable a further stratification of risk in CHR samples. Combined with (other) clinical ratings, EEG parameters may therefore be a useful tool for individualized risk estimation and, consequently, targeted prevention.
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Clinical Neurophysiology Unit, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands. Electronic address: mjvantricht@gmail.com.
authors: Mirjam J
authors: MJ
authors: van Tricht
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Germany.
authors: Stephan
authors: S
authors: Ruhrmann
authors: Research Institute Brainclinics, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Department of Experimental Psychology, Utrecht University, Netherlands.
authors: Martijn
authors: M
authors: Arns
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Germany.
authors: Ralf
authors: R
authors: Müller
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Germany.
authors: Mitja
authors: M
authors: Bodatsch
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands.
authors: Eva
authors: E
authors: Velthorst
authors: Department of Neurology, Clinical Neurophysiology Unit, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands.
authors: Johannes H T M
authors: JH
authors: Koelman
authors: Department of Neurology, Clinical Neurophysiology Unit, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands.
authors: Lo J
authors: LJ
authors: Bour
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Germany.
authors: Katharina
authors: K
authors: Zurek
authors: University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Bern, Switzerland.
authors: Frauke
authors: F
authors: Schultze-Lutter
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Germany.
authors: Joachim
authors: J
authors: Klosterkötter
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands.
authors: Don H
authors: DH
authors: Linszen
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands.
authors: Lieuwe
authors: L
authors: de Haan
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Rheinhessen-Fachklinik Alzey, Germany.
authors: Anke
authors: A
authors: Brockhaus-Dumke
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands.
authors: Dorien H
authors: DH
authors: Nieman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D058256:Brain Waves / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents
keywords: Clinical High Risk; Psychosis prediction; QEEG