title: Development of the Preverbal Visual Assessment (PreViAs) questionnaire.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Visual cognitive functions of preverbal infants are evaluated by means of a behavioral assessment. Parents or primary caregivers may be appropriate to certify the acquisition of certain abilities.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To develop the PreViAs (Preverbal Visual Assessment) questionnaire to assess visual behavior of infants under 24 months of age and to assess the normative outcomes for each item at each age.
  
  
  METHODS
  The process was divided into three phases: scale development (items and domains generation), pilot testing, and exploratory analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The final version of the PreViAs questionnaire consisted of 30 items, each related to one or more of four domains (visual attention, visual communication, visual-motor coordination, and visual processing). For the exploratory analysis, 298 children (159 boys and 139 girls) were recruited. Their ages ranged from 0.1 to 24 months (mean, 11.2 months). Internal consistency of the questionnaire was high for all domains (Cronbach's α coefficients of 0.85-0.94).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The PreViAs questionnaire is a useful scale for assessing visual cognitive abilities of infants under 24 months of age. It is easy and feasible to complete by primary caregivers.
authors: Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain; Aragon Health Sciences Institute (IACS), Zaragoza, Spain; Aragon Health Sciences Institute (IACS), Zaragoza, Spain. Electronic address: vpueyo@unizar.es.
authors: Victoria
authors: V
authors: Pueyo
authors: Ophthalmology Department, Asociación Telefónica Asistencia Minusválidos (ATAM), Madrid, Spain.
authors: Inés
authors: I
authors: García-Ormaechea
authors: Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain; Aragon Health Sciences Institute (IACS), Zaragoza, Spain; University of Zaragoza, Spain.
authors: Inmaculada
authors: I
authors: González
authors: Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain; Aragon Health Sciences Institute (IACS), Zaragoza, Spain.
authors: Concepción
authors: C
authors: Ferrer
authors: Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain; Aragon Health Sciences Institute (IACS), Zaragoza, Spain.
authors: Guillermo
authors: G
authors: de la Mata
authors: University of Zaragoza, Spain; Pediatric Department, Centro de Salud San Pablo, Zaragoza, Spain.
authors: María
authors: M
authors: Duplá
authors: Pediatric Department, Centro de Salud Casetas, Zaragoza, Spain.
authors: Pedro
authors: P
authors: Orós
authors: Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
authors: Eva
authors: E
authors: Andres
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002657:Child Development; D003071:Cognition; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010290:Parents; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014787:Vision Tests / Q000379:methods*; D014785:Vision, Ocular; D014796:Visual Perception
keywords: Cerebral visual impairment; Children questionnaires; Visual development; Visual impairment