title: Forensic diagnosis of ante- and postmortem burn based on aquaporin-3 gene expression in the skin.
abstract: In order to diagnose death associated with fire, it is essential to show that the person was exposed to heat while still alive. We investigated both AQP1 and AQP3 expression in the skin of an experimental burn model, as well as in forensic autopsy cases, and discuss its role in the differential diagnosis of ante- and postmortem burns. In animal experiments, there was no difference in AQP1 gene expression among four groups (n=4): antemortem burn, postmortem burn, mechanical wound, and control. However, AQP3 expression in the antemortem burn was increased significantly compared with that of the other groups even at 5min after burn. Water content of the skin was decreased significantly by the burn procedure. Consistent with animal experiments, AQP3 gene expression in the skin of antemortem burn cases was increased significantly compared with postmortem burns, mechanical wounds, and controls (n=12 in each group). These observations suggest that dermal AQP3 gene expression was increased to maintain water homeostasis in response to dehydration from burn. Finally, our results suggest that AQP3 gene expression may be useful for forensic molecular diagnosis of antemortem burn.
authors: Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan; Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan. Electronic address: lupin28@m3.kufm.kagoshima-u.ac.jp.
authors: Hidemichi
authors: H
authors: Kubo
authors: Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.
authors: Takahito
authors: T
authors: Hayashi
authors: Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.
authors: Kazutoshi
authors: K
authors: Ago
authors: Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.
authors: Mihoko
authors: M
authors: Ago
authors: Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.
authors: Takuro
authors: T
authors: Kanekura
authors: Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.
authors: Mamoru
authors: M
authors: Ogata
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D051398:Aquaporin 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051400:Aquaporin 3 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D001344:Autopsy; D002056:Burns / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005390:Fires; D053803:Forensic Genetics; D049429:Forensic Pathology; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011180:Postmortem Changes; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012867:Skin / Q000293:injuries / Q000378:metabolism*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051398:Aquaporin 1; D051400:Aquaporin 3
keywords: Aquaporin-1 (AQP1); Aquaporin-3 (AQP3); Forensic molecular diagnosis; Skin burn; Vital reaction