title: The Attitudes to Chocolate Questionnaire. Psychometric properties and relationship with consumption, dieting, disinhibition and thought suppression.
abstract: We examined the psychometric properties of the Dutch version of the Attitudes to Chocolate Questionnaire (ACQ), comparing the original three-factor model to a later-suggested two-factor model. We evaluated the construct validity of the ACQ by investigating the associations between the resulting factors and other eating-related questionnaires such as the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire and the Food Thought Suppression Inventory. Finally, we compared the scores on several scales regarding eating behavior between different groups (men versus women, dieters versus non-dieters and cravers versus non-cravers). A confirmatory factor analysis of the Dutch ACQ indicated the best global fit indices for the two-factor model, with the resulting factors being "Negative consequences and Guilt" and "Craving and emotional eating". Both factors were associated with other eating-related dimensions. However, craving seemed to be uniquely associated with the amount of chocolate consumed per week, whereas guilt correlated strongly with restraint. Finally, women scored higher on nearly all scales, but there was no significant gender difference with regard to chocolate consumption. Dieters reported more disinhibition, restraint, food-thought suppression and guilt, but they did not significantly differ from non-dieters with regards to their levels of craving, hunger nor consumption.
authors: KU Leuven, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Centre for the Psychology of Learning and Experimental Psychopathology, Tiensestraat 102, Bus 3712, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Thomas More University College Antwerp, Jozef De Bomstraat 11, 2018 Antwerp, Belgium. Electronic address: dinska.vangucht@ppw.kuleuven.be.
authors: Dinska
authors: D
authors: Van Gucht
authors: KU Leuven, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Centre for the Psychology of Learning and Experimental Psychopathology, Tiensestraat 102, Bus 3712, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Thomas More University College Antwerp, Jozef De Bomstraat 11, 2018 Antwerp, Belgium.
authors: Barbara
authors: B
authors: Soetens
authors: KU Leuven, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Centre for the Psychology of Learning and Experimental Psychopathology, Tiensestraat 102, Bus 3712, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
authors: Filip
authors: F
authors: Raes
authors: KU Leuven, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Centre for the Psychology of Learning and Experimental Psychopathology, Tiensestraat 102, Bus 3712, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors: James W
authors: JW
authors: Griffith
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001290:Attitude; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002099:Cacao; D002182:Candy; D066249:Craving / Q000502:physiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004644:Emotions; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006167:Guilt; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013850:Thinking; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Attitudes to Chocolate Questionnaire; Craving; Dieting; Disinhibition; Factor analysis; Food-thought suppression