title: In vitro and in vivo evaluation of bone formation using solid freeform fabrication-based bone morphogenic protein-2 releasing PCL/PLGA scaffolds.
abstract: The aim of this study was to develop novel polycaprolactone/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PCL/PLGA) scaffolds with a heparin-dopamine (Hep-DOPA) conjugate for controlled release of bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) to enhance osteoblast activity in vitro and also bone formation in vivo. PCL/PLGA scaffolds were prepared by a solid freeform fabrication method. The PCL/PLGA scaffolds were functionalized with Hep-DOPA and then BMP-2 was sequentially coated onto the Hep-DOPA/PCL/PLGA scaffolds. The characterization and surface elemental composition of all scaffolds were evaluated by scanning electron microscope and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The osteoblast activities on all scaffolds were assessed by cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium deposition in vitro. To demonstrate bone formation in vivo, plain radiograph, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) evaluation and histological studies were performed after the implantation of all scaffolds on a rat femur defect. Hep-DOPA/PCL/PLGA had more controlled release of BMP-2, which was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, compared with Hep/PCL/PLGA. The in vitro results showed that osteoblast-like cells (MG-63 cells) grown on BMP-2/Hep-DOPA/PCL/PLGA had significantly enhanced ALP activity and calcium deposition compared with those on BMP-2/Hep/PCL/PLGA and PCL/PLGA. In addition, the plain radiograph, micro-CT evaluation and histological studies demonstrated that the implanted BMP-2/Hep-DOPA/PCL/PLGA on rat femur had more bone formation than BMP-2/Hep/PCL/PLGA and PCL/PLGA in vivo.
authors: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 120-1 Neungdong-ro, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-729, Korea.
authors: Tae-Hoon
authors: TH
authors: Kim
authors: Young-Pil
authors: YP
authors: Yun
authors: Young-Eun
authors: YE
authors: Park
authors: Suk-Ha
authors: SH
authors: Lee
authors: Woonjae
authors: W
authors: Yong
authors: Joydip
authors: J
authors: Kundu
authors: Jin Woo
authors: JW
authors: Jung
authors: Jin-Hyung
authors: JH
authors: Shim
authors: Dong-Woo
authors: DW
authors: Cho
authors: Sung Eun
authors: SE
authors: Kim
authors: Hae-Ryong
authors: HR
authors: Song
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000737:chemistry*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D002118:Calcium / Q000737:chemistry; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D004295:Dihydroxyphenylalanine / Q000737:chemistry; D004298:Dopamine / Q000737:chemistry; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005269:Femur / Q000473:pathology; D006493:Heparin / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology; D010012:Osteogenesis; D056951:Photoelectron Spectroscopy; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D051381:Rats; D013499:Surface Properties; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
chemical_list: C525718:BMP2 protein, human; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; D004295:Dihydroxyphenylalanine; D006493:Heparin; D002118:Calcium; D004298:Dopamine