title: ACE inhibitors, statins and thiazides: no association with change in grip strength among community dwelling older men and women from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  vascular disease has been postulated to contribute to muscle dysfunction in old age. Previous studies examining the effects of cardiovascular drugs on muscle function have shown conflicting results. We therefore examined the association of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, thiazide and statin use with decline in grip strength in a well-characterised cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  we analysed prospectively collected data from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study (HCS). For each medication, participants were divided into no baseline use/no use at follow-up, baseline use/no use at follow-up, no baseline use but use at follow-up and use at baseline and follow-up. For each group, annualised decline in grip strength (kg per year) was calculated, then adjusted for baseline age, height, weight, baseline grip strength, indices of ischaemic heart disease and hypertension. Analyses were conducted separately for males and females.
  
  
  RESULTS
  639 participants were included in the analysis, mean age 65 years. 321 (50%) were male; mean follow-up time was 4.4 years. There were no differences in baseline grip between baseline users and non-users of any drug class. Adjusted grip strength change per year was similar for each group of ACE inhibitor use (P > 0.05). Similar analyses revealed no significant between-group differences for statin or thiazide use. Analysis of dropout rates by medication use revealed no evidence of selection bias.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  use of ACE inhibitors, statins or thiazides was not associated with differences in grip strength decline in healthy older people in the HCS.
authors: Section of Ageing and Health, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK.
authors: Miles D
authors: MD
authors: Witham
authors: MRC Environmental Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
authors: Holly E
authors: HE
authors: Syddall
authors: MRC Environmental Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
authors: Elaine
authors: E
authors: Dennison
authors: MRC Environmental Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
authors: Cyrus
authors: C
authors: Cooper
authors: Department of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK.
authors: Marion E T
authors: ME
authors: McMurdo
authors: MRC Environmental Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
authors: Avan Aihie
authors: AA
authors: Sayer
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D018737:Hand Strength; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D057187:Independent Living; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011379:Prognosis; D055948:Sarcopenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D049993:Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D049993:Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors
keywords: ACE inhibitors; aged; epidemiology; grip strength; older people