title: Effect of mild hypocapnia on hemodynamic and bispectral index responses to tracheal intubation during propofol anesthesia in children.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of mild hypocapnia on hypertension and arousal response after tracheal intubation in children during propofol anesthesia. Forty-four children, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I-II patients, aged 3-9 years were randomly allocated to either the normocapnia group [end-tidal carbon dioxide tension (ETCO2=35 mmHg, n=22)] or the hypocapnia group (ETCO2=25 mmHg, n=22). Anesthesia was induced with propofol 2.5 mg/kg. Five minutes after the administration of rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg, laryngoscopy was attempted. The mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), SpO2 and bispectral index (BIS) were measured during induction and intubation periods. The maximal change in the BIS with tracheal intubation (ΔBIS) was defined as the difference between the baseline value and the maximal value within the first 5 min after intubation. Before tracheal intubation, the change in BIS over time was not different between the groups. After tracheal intubation, the changes in the MAP, HR and BIS over time were not significantly different between the groups. The mean value±SD of ΔBIS was 5.7±5.2 and 7.4±5.5 in the normocapnia and hypocapnia groups, respectively, without any intergroup difference. This study showed that mild hypocapnia did not attenuate hemodynamic and BIS responses to tracheal intubation in children during propofol anesthesia. Our results suggested that hyperventilation has no beneficial effect on hemodynamic and arousal responses to tracheal intubation in children.
authors: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea.
authors: Hyun Jeong
authors: HJ
authors: Kwak
authors: Ji Young
authors: JY
authors: Kim
authors: Kyung Cheon
authors: KC
authors: Lee
authors: Hong Soon
authors: HS
authors: Kim
authors: Jong Yeop
authors: JY
authors: Kim
mesh_terms: D015760:Alfentanil / Q000737:chemistry; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000379:methods*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D016857:Hypocapnia / Q000175:diagnosis*; D007440:Intubation; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D015742:Propofol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011897:Random Allocation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013599:Systole; D013997:Time Factors; D014132:Trachea / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D015760:Alfentanil; D015742:Propofol