title: New developments in human neurocognition: clinical, genetic, and brain imaging correlates of impulsivity and compulsivity.
abstract: Impulsivity and compulsivity represent useful conceptualizations that involve dissociable cognitive functions, which are mediated by neuroanatomically and neurochemically distinct components of cortico-subcortical circuitry. The constructs were historically viewed as diametrically opposed, with impulsivity being associated with risk-seeking and compulsivity with harm-avoidance. However, they are increasingly recognized to be linked by shared neuropsychological mechanisms involving dysfunctional inhibition of thoughts and behaviors. In this article, we selectively review new developments in the investigation of the neurocognition of impulsivity and compulsivity in humans, in order to advance our understanding of the pathophysiology of impulsive, compulsive, and addictive disorders and indicate new directions for research.
authors: 1 Hertfordshire Partnership NHS University Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth II Hospital, Howlands, Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire, UK.
authors: Naomi A
authors: NA
authors: Fineberg
authors: 3 School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge University, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
authors: Samuel R
authors: SR
authors: Chamberlain
authors: 5 Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Anna E
authors: AE
authors: Goudriaan
authors: 7 Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
authors: Dan J
authors: DJ
authors: Stein
authors: 8 Department of Animals in Science and Society, Division of Behavioural Neuroscience, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors: Louk J M J
authors: LJ
authors: Vanderschuren
authors: 10 Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute (BCNI), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
authors: Claire M
authors: CM
authors: Gillan
authors: 1 Hertfordshire Partnership NHS University Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth II Hospital, Howlands, Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire, UK.
authors: Sameer
authors: S
authors: Shekar
authors: 12 INSERM UMR894 (Centre of Psychiatry and Neuroscience), Paris, France.
authors: Philip A P M
authors: PA
authors: Gorwood
authors: 10 Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute (BCNI), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
authors: Valerie
authors: V
authors: Voon
authors: 10 Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute (BCNI), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
authors: Sharon
authors: S
authors: Morein-Zamir
authors: 15 Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Damiaan
authors: D
authors: Denys
authors: 3 School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge University, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
authors: Barbara J
authors: BJ
authors: Sahakian
authors: 17 Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
authors: F Gerard
authors: FG
authors: Moeller
authors: 10 Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute (BCNI), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
authors: Trevor W
authors: TW
authors: Robbins
authors: 18 Departments of Psychiatry, Child Study and Neurobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
authors: Marc N
authors: MN
authors: Potenza
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016739:Behavior, Addictive / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology; D019336:Cognitive Science / Q000639:trends*; D003192:Compulsive Behavior / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology*; D011379:Prognosis; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology