title: Hantaviruses and cardiopulmonary syndrome in South America.
abstract: Hantavirus (Bunyaviridae) cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) is an emerging health problem in South America due to urban growth and to the expansion of agriculture and cattle-raising areas into ecosystems containing most of the species of Sigmodontinae rodents that act as hantavirus reservoirs. About 4000 HCPS cases have been reported in South America up to 2013, associated with the following hantaviruses: Andes, Anajatuba, Araraquara (ARQV), Paranoá, Bermejo, Castelo dos Sonhos, Juquitiba, Araucária, Laguna Negra, Lechiguanas, Maripa, Oran, Rio Mamore and Tunari. The transmission of hantavirus to man occurs by contact with or through aerosols of excreta and secretions of infected rodents. Person-to-person transmission of hantavirus has also been reported in Argentina and Chile. HCPS courses with a capillary leaking syndrome produced by the hantavirus infecting lung endothelial cells and mostly with a severe inflammatory process associated with a cytokine storm. HCPS starts as a dengue-like acute febrile illness but after about 3 days progresses to respiratory failure and cardiogenic shock, leading to a high fatality rate that reaches 50% for patients infected with ARQV.
authors: Virology Research Center, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: ltmfigue@fmrp.usp.br.
authors: Luiz Tadeu Moraes
authors: LT
authors: Figueiredo
authors: Virology Research Center, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors: William Marciel de
authors: WM
authors: Souza
authors: Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Escuela de Medicina, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, División de Pediatría, Laboratorio de Infectología y Virología Molecular, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile.
authors: Marcela
authors: M
authors: Ferrés
authors: Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas, Pergamino, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors: Delia Alcira
authors: DA
authors: Enria
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004197:Disease Reservoirs; D006476:Orthohantavirus / Q000145:classification / Q000472:pathogenicity* / Q000502:physiology; D018804:Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000635:transmission; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000648:ultrastructure / Q000821:virology; D010802:Phylogeny; D012376:Rodent Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission; D016205:Sigmodontinae / Q000821:virology*; D013020:South America / Q000453:epidemiology; D016019:Survival Analysis
keywords: Cardiopumonary syndrome; Emerging disease; Hantavirus disease; South-American disease