title: The influence of prior rape on the psychological and physical health functioning of older adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Older adults who have experienced traumatic events earlier in life may be especially vulnerable to additional challenges associated with aging. In a cross-sectional study of older females, the present study examines whether a history of rape is associated with current psychological and health problems.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study used existing data from the female respondents (N = 1228) in the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP), a national probability sample of adults between the ages of 57 and 85 interviewed in their homes. It was determined whether or not the participant experienced forced sexual contact since the age of 18. Measures of psychological health (e.g., scales of depression, anxiety, and loneliness), the presence or absence of a number of serious health problems, and a one-item measure of self-esteem were obtained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adult rape occurred in 7% of the sample. On average, 36 years had elapsed since the rape had occurred. Using structural equation modeling (SEM), rape was associated with lower self-esteem, psychological, and physical health functioning. Self-esteem partially mediated the association between rape and psychological functioning, but not health functioning. These associations were significant even after controlling for participant characteristics and risky health behaviors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mechanisms linking prior rape to psychological and health problems in older age are discussed, as well as treatment recommendations for symptomatic older adults.
authors: a Department of Psychology , Florida State University , Tallahassee , USA.
authors: Natalie
authors: N
authors: Sachs-Ericsson
authors: Kathleen A
authors: KA
authors: Kendall-Tackett
authors: Julia
authors: J
authors: Sheffler
authors: Darleine
authors: D
authors: Arce
authors: Nicole C
authors: NC
authors: Rushing
authors: Elizabeth
authors: E
authors: Corsentino
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D036301:Qualitative Research; D011902:Rape / Q000523:psychology*; D012649:Self Concept; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: abuse/neglect; anxiety- and trauma-related disorders; mood disorders; physical disorders; trauma-related disorders