title: Efficacy and safety of canagliflozin over 52 weeks in patients with type 2 diabetes on background metformin and pioglitazone.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The efficacy and safety of canagliflozin, a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor, was evaluated in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) inadequately controlled with metformin and pioglitazone.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this randomized, double-blind, phase 3 study, patients (N = 342) received canagliflozin 100 or 300 mg during a 26-week, placebo-controlled, core period and a 26-week, active-controlled extension in which placebo-treated patients were switched to sitagliptin 100 mg. Efficacy comparisons for canagliflozin versus placebo at week 26 are reported, with no comparisons versus sitagliptin at week 52 (sitagliptin used to maintain double-blind and control for safety). Safety data are reported for canagliflozin and placebo/sitagliptin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Canagliflozin 100 and 300 mg significantly lowered haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) compared with placebo at week 26 (-0.89%, -1.03% and -0.26%; p < 0.001); reductions with canagliflozin 100 and 300 mg were maintained at week 52 (-0.92% and -1.03%). Relative to placebo, both canagliflozin doses significantly reduced body weight (-2.5 and -3.5 kg), fasting plasma glucose and systolic blood pressure (BP) at week 26 (p < 0.05 for all), with reductions maintained at week 52. Overall adverse event (AE) incidence over 52 weeks was 69.9, 76.3 and 76.5% with canagliflozin 100 and 300 mg and placebo/sitagliptin; AE-related discontinuation and serious AE rates were low. Incidences of genital mycotic infections and AEs related to osmotic diuresis and volume depletion were higher with canagliflozin than placebo/sitagliptin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Canagliflozin improved glycaemic control, reduced body weight and systolic BP, and was generally well tolerated in patients with T2DM on metformin and pioglitazone over 52 weeks.
authors: Profil Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Forst
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Guthrie
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Goldenberg
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Yee
authors: U
authors: U
authors: Vijapurkar
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Meininger
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Stein
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D000068896:Canagliflozin; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000139:chemically induced; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004234:Diuretics, Osmotic / Q000009:adverse effects; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005831:Genital Diseases, Female / Q000139:chemically induced; D005832:Genital Diseases, Male / Q000139:chemically induced; D005960:Glucosides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008055:Lipids; D008297:Male; D008687:Metformin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077205:Pioglitazone; D011719:Pyrazines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000068900:Sitagliptin Phosphate; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014230:Triazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004234:Diuretics, Osmotic; D005960:Glucosides; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D008055:Lipids; D011719:Pyrazines; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D013876:Thiophenes; D014230:Triazoles; D000068896:Canagliflozin; D008687:Metformin; D000068900:Sitagliptin Phosphate; D000077205:Pioglitazone
keywords: SGLT2 inhibitor; metformin; phase 3 study; thiazolidinediones; type 2 diabetes