title: Invisible ink mark detection in the visible spectrum using absorption difference.
abstract: One of popular techniques in gambling fraud involves the use of invisible ink marks printed on the back surface of playing cards. Such covert patterns are transparent in the visible spectrum and therefore invisible to unaided human eyes. Invisible patterns can be made visible with ultraviolet (UV) illumination or a CCD camera installed with an infrared (IR) filter depending on the type of ink materials used. Cheating gamers often wear contact lenses or eyeglasses made of IR or UV filters to recognize the secret marks on the playing cards. This paper presents an image processing technique to reveal invisible ink patterns in the visible spectrum without the aid of special equipment such as UV lighting or IR filters. A printed invisible ink pattern leaves a thin coating on the surface with different refractive index for different wavelengths of light, which results in color dispersion or absorption difference. The proposed method finds the differences of color components caused by absorption difference to detect invisible ink patterns on the surface. Experiment results show that the proposed scheme is effective for both UV-active and IR-active invisible ink materials.
authors: Forensic Engineering Division, National Forensic Service, Seoul 158-707, South Korea. Electronic address: ljfirst@korea.kr.
authors: Joong
authors: J
authors: Lee
authors: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
authors: Seong G
authors: SG
authors: Kong
authors: Forensic Engineering Division, National Forensic Service, Seoul 158-707, South Korea.
authors: Tae-Yi
authors: TY
authors: Kang
authors: Forensic Engineering Division, National Forensic Service, Seoul 158-707, South Korea.
authors: Byounghyun
authors: B
authors: Kim
authors: Forensic Engineering Division, National Forensic Service, Seoul 158-707, South Korea.
authors: Oc-Yeub
authors: OY
authors: Jeon
keywords: Absorption difference; Forensic science; Gambling fraud; Image processing; Invisible ink