title: Comparative effect of two Mediterranean diets versus a low-fat diet on glycaemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although benefits have been attributed to the Mediterranean diet, its effect on glycaemic control has not been totally elucidated. The aim of this work was to compare the effect of two Mediterranean diets versus a low-fat diet on several parameters and indices related to glycaemic control in type 2 diabetic subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  A multicentric parallel trial was conducted on 191 participants (77 men and 114 women) of the PREDIMED study in order to compare three dietary interventions: two Mediterranean diets supplemented with virgin olive oil (n=67; body mass index (BMI)=29.4±2.9) or mixed nuts (n=74; BMI=30.1±3.1) and a low-fat diet (n=50; BMI=29.8±2.8). There were no drop-outs. Changes in body weight and waist circumference were determined. Insulin resistance was measured by HOMA-IR index, adiponectin/leptin and adiponectin/HOMA-R ratios after 1 year of follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Increased values of adiponectin/leptin ratio (P=0.043, P=0.001 and P<0.001 for low-fat, olive oil and nut diets, respectively) and adiponectin/HOMA-IR ratio (P=0.061, P=0.027 and P=0.069 for low-fat, olive oil and nut diets, respectively) and decreased values of waist circumference (P=0.003, P=0.001 and P=0.001 for low-fat, olive oil and nut diets, respectively) were observed in the three groups. In both Mediterranean diet groups, but not in the low-fat diet group, this was associated with a significant reduction in body weight (P=0.347, P=0.003 and P=0.021 for low-fat, olive oil and nut diets, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mediterranean diets supplemented with virgin olive oil or nuts reduced total body weight and improved glucose metabolism to the same extent as the usually recommended low-fat diet.
authors: 1] Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country-Lascaray Research Center, Vitoria, Spain [2] CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Lasa
authors: 1] Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country-Lascaray Research Center, Vitoria, Spain [2] CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Miranda
authors: 1] CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III [2] Human Nutrition Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Bulló
authors: 1] CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III [2] Department of Internal Medicine, Institut \[dacute]Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Casas
authors: 1] CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III [2] Human Nutrition Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Salas-Salvadó
authors: Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country-Lascaray Research Center, Vitoria, Spain.
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Larretxi
authors: 1] CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III [2] Department of Internal Medicine, Institut \[dacute]Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Estruch
authors: 1] CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III [2] Nutrition and Lipids Metabolism, Instituto de la Grasa, Seville, Spain.
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Ruiz-Gutiérrez
authors: 1] Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country-Lascaray Research Center, Vitoria, Spain [2] CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III.
authors: M P
authors: MP
authors: Portillo
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000097:blood*; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000178:diet therapy*; D018752:Diet, Fat-Restricted; D038441:Diet, Mediterranean; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009754:Nuts; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000178:diet therapy*; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010938:Plant Oils; D055105:Waist Circumference; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D052242:Adiponectin; D001786:Blood Glucose; D004041:Dietary Fats; D020738:Leptin; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010938:Plant Oils