title: Insulin and insulin-like growth factor receptors in the brain: physiological and pathological aspects.
abstract: The involvement of insulin, the insulin-like growth factors (IGF1, IGF2) and their receptors in central nervous system development and function has been the focus of scientific interest for more than 30 years. The insulin-like peptides, both locally-produced proteins as well as those transported from the circulation into the brain via the blood-brain barrier, are involved in a myriad of biological activities. These actions include, among others, neuronal survival, neurogenes, angiogenesis, excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission, regulation of food intake, and cognition. In recent years, a linkage between brain insulin/IGF1 and certain neuropathologies has been identified. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated a correlation between diabetes (mainly type 2) and Alzheimer׳s disease. In addition, an aberrant decline in IGF1 values was suggested to play a role in the development of Alzheimer׳s disease. The present review focuses on the expression and function of insulin, IGFs and their receptors in the brain in physiological and pathological conditions.
authors: Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors: Haim
authors: H
authors: Werner
authors: Diabetes and Metabolism Clinical Research Center of Excellence, Clinical Research Institute at Rambam (LHCRIR), Rambam-Health Care Campus, P.O. Box 9602, Haifa 31096, Israel. Electronic address: d_leroith@rambam.health.gov.il.
authors: Derek
authors: D
authors: LeRoith
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001066:Appetite / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000502:physiology*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D008017:Life Expectancy; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D011972:Receptor, Insulin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D017451:Receptors, Somatomedin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D013002:Somatomedins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D017451:Receptors, Somatomedin; D013002:Somatomedins; D011972:Receptor, Insulin; D005947:Glucose
keywords: Alzheimer׳s disease; Diabetes; Insulin; Insulin receptors; Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)