title: Comparison of a high-flow humidified nasal cannula to nasal continuous positive airway pressure in children with acute bronchiolitis: experience in a pediatric intensive care unit.
abstract: The objective of the current study is to compare the use of a nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) to a high-flow humidified nasal cannula (HFNC) in infants with acute bronchiolitis, who were admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) during two consecutive seasons. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all infants admitted to a PICU at a tertiary care French hospital during the bronchiolitis seasons of 2010/11 and 2011/12. Infants admitted to the PICU, who required noninvasive respiratory support, were included. The first noninvasive respiratory support modality was nCPAP during the 2010/11 season, while HFNC was used during the 2011/2012 season. We compared the length of stay (LOS) in the PICU; the daily measure of PCO2 and pH; and the mean of the five higher values of heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), FiO2, and SpO2 each day, during the first 5 days. Thirty-four children met the inclusion criteria: 19 during the first period (nCPAP group) and 15 during the second period (HFNC group). Parameters such as LOS in PICU and oxygenation were similar in the two groups. Oxygen weaning occurred during the same time for the two groups. There were no differences between the two groups for RR, HR, FiO2, and CO2 evolution. HFNC therapy failed in three patients, two of whom required invasive mechanical ventilation, versus one in the nCPAP group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We did not find a difference between HFNC and nCPAP in the management of severe bronchiolitis in our PICU. Larger prospective studies are required to confirm these findings.
authors: Pediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, APHM, North Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, 13915, Marseille, France.
authors: Prune
authors: P
authors: Metge
authors: Céline
authors: C
authors: Grimaldi
authors: Sophie
authors: S
authors: Hassid
authors: Laurent
authors: L
authors: Thomachot
authors: Anderson
authors: A
authors: Loundou
authors: Claude
authors: C
authors: Martin
authors: Fabrice
authors: F
authors: Michel
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D001988:Bronchiolitis / Q000628:therapy*; D057785:Catheters; D045422:Continuous Positive Airway Pressure / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D006813:Humidity; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D015278:Intensive Care Units, Pediatric; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D063087:Noninvasive Ventilation; D010102:Oxygen Inhalation Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D056152:Respiratory Rate; D012189:Retrospective Studies