title: Acute fluoxetine treatment induces slow rolling of leukocytes on endothelium in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Activated platelets release serotonin at sites of inflammation where it acts as inflammatory mediator and enhances recruitment of neutrophils. Chronic treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) depletes the serotonin storage pool in platelets, leading to reduced leukocyte recruitment in murine experiments. Here, we examined the direct and acute effects of SSRI on leukocyte recruitment in murine peritonitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  C57Bl/6 and Tph1-/- (Tryptophan hydroxylase1) mice underwent acute treatment with the SSRI fluoxetine or vehicle. Serotonin concentrations were measured by ELISA. Leukocyte rolling and adhesion on endothelium was analyzed by intravital microscopy in mesentery venules with and without lipopolysaccharide challenge. Leukocyte extravasation in sterile peritonitis was measured by flow cytometry of abdominal lavage fluid.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma serotonin levels were elevated 2 hours after fluoxetine treatment (0.70 ± 0.1 µg/ml versus 0.27 ± 0.1, p = 0.03, n = 14), while serum serotonin did not change. Without further stimulation, acute fluoxetine treatment increased the number of rolling leukocytes (63 ± 8 versus 165 ± 17/0.04 mm(2) min(-1)) and decreased their velocity (61 ± 6 versus 28 ± 1 µm/s, both p<0.0001, n = 10). In Tph1-/- mice leukocyte rolling was not significantly influenced by acute fluoxetine treatment. Stimulation with lipopolysaccharide decreased rolling velocity and induced leukocyte adhesion, which was enhanced after fluoxetine pretreatment (27 ± 3 versus 36 ± 2/0.04 mm(2), p = 0.008, n = 10). Leukocyte extravasation in sterile peritonitis, however, was not affected by acute fluoxetine treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acute fluoxetine treatment increased plasma serotonin concentrations and promoted leukocyte-endothelial interactions in-vivo, suggesting that serotonin is a promoter of acute inflammation. E-selectin was upregulated on endothelial cells in the presence of serotonin, possibly explaining the observed increase in leukocyte-endothelial interactions. However transmigration of neutrophils in sterile peritonitis was not affected by higher serotonin concentrations, indicating that the effect of fluoxetine was restricted to early steps in the leukocyte recruitment. Whether SSRI use in humans alters leukocyte recruitment remains to be investigated.
authors: Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
authors: Nadine
authors: N
authors: Herr
authors: Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany ; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
authors: Maximilian
authors: M
authors: Mauler
authors: Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
authors: Thilo
authors: T
authors: Witsch
authors: Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
authors: Daniela
authors: D
authors: Stallmann
authors: Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany ; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
authors: Stefanie
authors: S
authors: Schmitt
authors: Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
authors: Julius
authors: J
authors: Mezger
authors: Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
authors: Christoph
authors: C
authors: Bode
authors: Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Duerschmied
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002450:Cell Communication / Q000187:drug effects; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000378:metabolism; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology*; D005473:Fluoxetine / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D036904:Leukocyte Rolling / Q000187:drug effects*; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D012701:Serotonin / Q000097:blood; D014365:Tryptophan Hydroxylase / Q000172:deficiency / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019040:E-Selectin; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D005473:Fluoxetine; D012701:Serotonin; C487801:Tph1 protein, mouse; D014365:Tryptophan Hydroxylase