title: Genome diversity and evidence of recombination and reassortment in nanoviruses from Europe.
abstract: The recent identification of a new nanovirus, pea necrotic yellow dwarf virus, from pea in Germany prompted us to survey wild and cultivated legumes for nanovirus infections in several European countries. This led to the identification of two new nanoviruses: black medic leaf roll virus (BMLRV) and pea yellow stunt virus (PYSV), each considered a putative new species. The complete genomes of a PYSV isolate from Austria and three BMLRV isolates from Austria, Azerbaijan and Sweden were sequenced. In addition, the genomes of five isolates of faba bean necrotic yellows virus (FBNYV) from Azerbaijan and Spain and those of four faba bean necrotic stunt virus (FBNSV) isolates from Azerbaijan were completely sequenced, leading to the first identification of FBNSV occurring in Europe. Sequence analyses uncovered evolutionary relationships, extensive reassortment and potential remnants of mixed nanovirus infections, as well as intra- and intercomponent recombination events within the nanovirus genomes. In some virus isolates, diverse types of the same genome component (paralogues) were observed, a type of genome complexity not described previously for any member of the family Nanoviridae. Moreover, infectious and aphid-transmissible nanoviruses from cloned genomic DNAs of FBNYV and BMLRV were reconstituted that, for the first time, allow experimental reassortments for studying the genome functions and evolution of these nanoviruses.
authors: Institut des Sciences du Végétal, CNRS, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France.
authors: Ioana
authors: I
authors: Grigoras
authors: Departamento de Protección Vegetal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria (INIA), Carretera de La Coruna Km. 7.0, Madrid 28040, Spain.
authors: Ana Isabel Del Cueto
authors: AIDC
authors: Ginzo
authors: Computational Biology Group, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
authors: Darren P
authors: DP
authors: Martin
authors: Electron Microscope Unit, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, Cape Town, South Africa.|Department of Plant Pathology and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.|School of Biological Sciences and Biomolecular Interaction Centre, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand.
authors: Arvind
authors: A
authors: Varsani
authors: Departamento de Protección Vegetal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria (INIA), Carretera de La Coruna Km. 7.0, Madrid 28040, Spain.
authors: Javier
authors: J
authors: Romero
authors: Department of Fundamental Problems of Biological Productivity, Institute of Botany, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, 40 Badamdar Highway, Baku AZ 1073, Azerbaijan.
authors: Alamdar Ch
authors: AC
authors: Mammadov
authors: Department of Fundamental Problems of Biological Productivity, Institute of Botany, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, 40 Badamdar Highway, Baku AZ 1073, Azerbaijan.
authors: Irada M
authors: IM
authors: Huseynova
authors: Department of Fundamental Problems of Biological Productivity, Institute of Botany, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, 40 Badamdar Highway, Baku AZ 1073, Azerbaijan.
authors: Jalal A
authors: JA
authors: Aliyev
authors: 31 Allée des Joncherettes, 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France.
authors: Ahmed
authors: A
authors: Kheyr-Pour
authors: Lehr- und Forschungszentrum für Landwirtschaft (LFZ) Raumberg-Gumpenstein, Versuchsstation Lambach/Stadl-Paura, 4651 Stadl-Paura, Austria.
authors: Herbert
authors: H
authors: Huss
authors: Julius Kühn Institut, Bundesforschungsinstitut für Kulturpflanzen, Institut für Epidemiologie und Pathogendiagnostik, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany.
authors: Heiko
authors: H
authors: Ziebell
authors: Institut des Sciences du Végétal, CNRS, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France.
authors: Tatiana
authors: T
authors: Timchenko
authors: Julius Kühn Institut, Bundesforschungsinstitut für Kulturpflanzen, Institut für Epidemiologie und Pathogendiagnostik, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany.
authors: Heinrich-Josef
authors: HJ
authors: Vetten
authors: Institut des Sciences du Végétal, CNRS, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France.
authors: Bruno
authors: B
authors: Gronenborn
mesh_terms: D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D005060:Europe; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D007887:Fabaceae / Q000821:virology; D014644:Genetic Variation; D016679:Genome, Viral; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D052657:Nanoviridae / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010802:Phylogeny; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000821:virology; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral