title: Decreased cholesterol efflux capacity and atherogenic lipid profile in young women with PCOS.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have a high prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors including dyslipidemia. Lipoproteins are heterogeneous, and measurement of serum lipids provides only the size of the pool and does not predict their function or composition. Recently, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) function, as determined by cholesterol efflux capacity from macrophages, has been shown to be an independent predictor of subclinical CVD.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to comprehensively evaluate lipoprotein profile including lipid particle size and number and cholesterol efflux capacity in PCOS to better define CVD risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case control study was performed at an academic PCOS center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women with PCOS (n = 124) and geographically matched controls (n = 67) were included in the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The primary outcome was to measure HDL-C efflux capacity by an ex vivo system involving the incubation of macrophages with apolipoprotein (Apo) B-depleted serum from subjects, and the secondary outcome was to measure lipid particle size and number using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women with PCOS had significantly higher body mass index and blood pressure but similar HDL-C and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels compared to controls. The mean ApoA1 levels were lower, and the ApoB/ApoA1 ratio was higher in PCOS subjects compared to controls (P < .01). There were no differences in ApoB levels. Women with PCOS had an 7% decrease in normalized cholesterol efflux capacity compared to controls (P < .003). Cholesterol efflux capacity in PCOS correlated with body mass index, ApoA1, HDL-C, and the presence of metabolic syndrome. In a multivariable regression model, PCOS was significantly associated with diminished cholesterol efflux. PCOS was also associated with an atherogenic profile including an increase in large very low-density lipoprotein particles, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) size, and small low-density lipoprotein cholesterol particles (P < .01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our novel findings of decreased cholesterol efflux and an atherogenic lipid particle number and size pattern in women with PCOS, independent of obesity, further substantiate the increased risk of CVD in this population.
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.R., J.H., S.B., M.S., A.D.), Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics (D.R.), 11-125 Translational Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; and Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Disease (M.P., N.N.M.), National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
authors: Andrea
authors: A
authors: Roe
authors: Jennifer
authors: J
authors: Hillman
authors: Samantha
authors: S
authors: Butts
authors: Mathew
authors: M
authors: Smith
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Rader
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Playford
authors: Nehal N
authors: NN
authors: Mehta
authors: Anuja
authors: A
authors: Dokras
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D008055:Lipids; D002784:Cholesterol