title: Gender differences in the incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy among Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a clinic-based retrospective longitudinal study.
abstract: A clinic-based retrospective longitudinal study conducted for 5.8 ± 2.5 years, including 383 (M/F 245/138) Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus showed that females exhibit a significantly higher prevalence of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (DR) at baseline and that female gender is an independent risk factor for the development of DR.
authors: Division of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Kajiwara
authors: Division of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Miyagawa
authors: Division of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Saruwatari
authors: Division of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Kita
authors: Division of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Sakata
authors: Division of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Kawata
authors: Division of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Oniki
authors: Jinnouchi Clinic, Diabetes Care Center, Kumamoto, Japan.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Yoshida
authors: Jinnouchi Clinic, Diabetes Care Center, Kumamoto, Japan.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Jinnouchi
authors: Division of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; Center for Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan. Electronic address: kazukon@gpo.kumamoto-u.ac.jp.
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Nakagawa
mesh_terms: D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors
keywords: Diabetic retinopathy; Gender difference; Longitudinal study; Type 2 diabetes