title: Carbohydrate-containing molecules as potential biomarkers in colon cancer.
abstract: Glycans play a critical role in physiological and pathological processes through interaction with a variety of ligands. Altered expression and dysregulation of these molecules can cause aberrant cellular function such as malignancy. Glycomics provide information of the structure and function of glycans, glycolipids, and glycoproteins such as proteoglycans, and may help to predict cancer development and progression as biomarkers. In this report, we compared the expression of proteoglycans, the content and structure of glycosaminoglycans and glycolipids between patient-matched normal and cancer tissues obtained from colon cancer patients. Tumor-related proteoglycans, glypican-3, and syndecan-1 showed downregulation in cancer tissues compared to normal tissues. In cancer tissue, the total amount of chondroitin sulfate (CS)/dermatan sulfate and heparan sulfate were lower and, interestingly, the level of disaccharide units of both 4S6S (CS-E) and 6S (CS-C) were higher compared to normal tissue. Also, overall lipids including glycolipids, a major glycomics target, were analyzed by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Increase of lyso-phosphatidylcholine (phospholipid), sphingomyelin (sphigolipid), and four types of glycolipids (glucosylceramide, lactosylceramide, monosialic acid ganglioside, and globoside 4) in cancer tissue showed the possibility as potential biomarkers in colon cancer. While requiring the need for careful interpretation, this type of broad investigation gives us a better understanding of pathophysiological roles on glycosaminoglycans and glycolipids and might be a powerful tool for colon cancer diagnosis.
authors: 1 Department of Chemical and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York.
authors: Eun Ji
authors: EJ
authors: Joo
authors: Amanda
authors: A
authors: Weyers
authors: Guoyun
authors: G
authors: Li
authors: Leyla
authors: L
authors: Gasimli
authors: Lingyun
authors: L
authors: Li
authors: Won Jun
authors: WJ
authors: Choi
authors: Kyung Bok
authors: KB
authors: Lee
authors: Robert J
authors: RJ
authors: Linhardt
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000737:chemistry; D002240:Carbohydrate Sequence; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics; D003871:Dermatan Sulfate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D005732:Gangliosides / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D005915:Globosides / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D005963:Glucosylceramides / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D053673:Glypicans / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D006497:Heparan Sulfate / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007790:Lactosylceramides / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D008244:Lysophosphatidylcholines / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D013109:Sphingomyelins / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D053668:Syndecan-1 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D015415:Biomarkers; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates; D003871:Dermatan Sulfate; D005732:Gangliosides; D005915:Globosides; D005963:Glucosylceramides; D053673:Glypicans; D006497:Heparan Sulfate; D007790:Lactosylceramides; D008244:Lysophosphatidylcholines; D013109:Sphingomyelins; D053668:Syndecan-1; C069524:dermatan sulfate chondroitin sulfate; C025447:sialogangliosides; C024032:globotetraosylceramide; C009744:CDw17 antigen