title: Smoking and membership in a fraternity or sorority: a systematic review of the literature.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Fraternity and sorority members have higher rates of smoking than other college students. This systematic review examines studies that included fraternity/sorority membership in their investigation of smoking behaviors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Studies identified in MEDLINE, PsychInfo, JSTOR, CINAHL, ERIC, and Google Scholar published between 2003 and 2013 were included if they included fraternity and/or sorority membership, were written in English, published in a peer-reviewed journal, and had smoking as an outcome variable. Nineteen studies were identified for the review.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fraternity/sorority members were more likely to be nondaily smokers. Members who lived in the fraternity/sorority house had higher rates of smoking than members who lived elsewhere. Fraternity/sorority member smoking was associated with alcohol and other substance use. The influence of no-smoking policies on fraternity/sorority member smoking was also examined.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fraternity/sorority membership was associated with higher rates of smoking, but this association was influenced by other substance use and environmental factors.
authors: a Department of Health and Exercise Science , University of Oklahoma , Norman , Oklahoma.
authors: Marshall K
authors: MK
authors: Cheney
authors: Lanita W
authors: LW
authors: Harris
authors: Mary J
authors: MJ
authors: Gowin
authors: Jamie
authors: J
authors: Huber
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology; D065822:College Fraternities and Sororities; D005260:Female; D006798:Housing; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008385:Marijuana Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D061845:Smoke-Free Policy / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012951:Socialization; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014495:Universities / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: fraternity; hookah; smoking; sorority; tobacco use