title: Crossover clinical trial of the influence of the use of adhesive on biofilm formation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Contrasting results have been reported regarding the influence of the use of adhesive on biofilm formation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of the use of adhesive on the formation of biofilm on the internal surface of complete dentures and the palatal mucosa of denture wearers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty participants with well-fitting complete dentures were randomly divided according to the experimental design: protocol 1, adhesive use during the first 15 days, followed by no use of adhesive over the next 15 days; protocol 2, no use of adhesives during the first 15 days, followed by adhesive use over the next 15 days. After each period, material from the mucosa and intaglio of the maxillary dentures was collected. Replicate aliquots were plated onto Petri dishes containing selective media for Candida spp, Streptococcus mutans, and a nonselective culture medium. Colony-forming units were expressed as log (CFU+1)/mL. In addition, the internal surfaces of the maxillary and mandibular complete dentures were stained and photographed. From the photographs, the total internal surface and the surface stained with biofilm were quantified (software ImageTool 3.00), and the percentage of the biofilm-covered area (%) on the maxillary and mandibular dentures was calculated and compared with 2-way ANOVA. For the nonselective culture medium, data were compared with the paired-sample t test, and the Wilcoxon signed rank test was performed to compare the colony counts of Candida spp and Streptococcus mutans (α=.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Similar colony counts were found with or without the use of adhesive for the mucosa and internal surfaces of maxillary dentures, irrespective of the culture medium (P>.05). The area of dentures covered with biofilm was influenced by the use of adhesive (P=.025), regardless of the type of denture (P=.121).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of adhesive did not alter the colony counts of microorganisms from the palatal mucosa and maxillary dentures of complete denture wearers during the 15-day period, but it did influence the area covered with biofilm on the internal surfaces of the complete dentures.
authors: Doctoral student, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Andressa R P
authors: AR
authors: Leite
authors: Doctoral student, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Danny O
authors: DO
authors: Mendoza-Marin
authors: Postdoctoral student, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: André G
authors: AG
authors: Paleari
authors: Doctoral student, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Larissa S
authors: LS
authors: Rodriguez
authors: Undergraduate student, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Andréia A
authors: AA
authors: Roccia
authors: Undergraduate student, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Vivian B
authors: VB
authors: Policastro
authors: Full Professor, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Marco A
authors: MA
authors: Compagnoni
authors: Associate Professor, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto Dental School, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Raphael F
authors: RF
authors: de Souza
authors: Assistant Professor, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: anacarolpero@foar.unesp.br.
authors: Ana C
authors: AC
authors: Pero
mesh_terms: D000269:Adhesives / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000191:economics; D000368:Aged; D058491:Bacterial Load; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development*; D002175:Candida / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004396:Coloring Agents; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003470:Culture Media; D003819:Denture Bases / Q000382:microbiology*; D003781:Denture Retention; D003826:Denture, Complete, Lower / Q000382:microbiology; D003827:Denture, Complete, Upper / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009499:Neutral Red; D010159:Palate / Q000382:microbiology*; D010781:Photography; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000269:Adhesives; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003470:Culture Media; D009499:Neutral Red