title: The sulfated laminarin triggers a stress transcriptome before priming the SA- and ROS-dependent defenses during grapevine's induced resistance against Plasmopara viticola.
abstract: Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) is susceptible to many pathogens which cause significant losses to viticulture worldwide. Chemical control is available, but agro-ecological concerns have raised interest in alternative methods, especially in triggering plant immunity by elicitor treatments. The β-glucan laminarin (Lam) and its sulfated derivative (PS3) have been previously demonstrated to induce resistance in grapevine against downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola). However, if Lam elicits classical grapevine defenses such as oxidative burst, pathogenesis-related (PR)-proteins and phytoalexin production, PS3 triggered grapevine resistance via a poorly understood priming phenomenon. The aim of this study was to identify the molecular mechanisms of the PS3-induced resistance. For this purpose we studied i) the signaling events and transcriptome reprogramming triggered by PS3 treatment on uninfected grapevine, ii) grapevine immune responses primed by PS3 during P. viticola infection. Our results showed that i) PS3 was unable to elicit reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration variations, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation but triggered a long lasting plasma membrane depolarization in grapevine cells, ii) PS3 and Lam shared a common stress-responsive transcriptome profile that partly overlapped the salicylate- (SA) and jasmonate-(JA)-dependent ones. After P. viticola inoculation, PS3 specifically primed the SA- and ROS-dependent defense pathways leading to grapevine induced resistance against this biotroph. Interestingly pharmacological approaches suggested that the plasma membrane depolarization and the downstream ROS production are key events of the PS3-induced resistance.
authors: UMR 1347 Agroécologie, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France.
authors: Adrien
authors: A
authors: Gauthier
authors: UMR 1347 Agroécologie, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France.
authors: Sophie
authors: S
authors: Trouvelot
authors: UMR 1347 Agroécologie, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France.
authors: Jani
authors: J
authors: Kelloniemi
authors: UMR 1347 Agroécologie, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France.
authors: Patrick
authors: P
authors: Frettinger
authors: UMR 1347 Agroécologie, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France.
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Wendehenne
authors: UMR 1347 Agroécologie, INRA, Dijon, France.
authors: Xavier
authors: X
authors: Daire
authors: Laboratoires Goëmar, Saint Malo, France.
authors: Jean-Marie
authors: JM
authors: Joubert
authors: Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Verona, Verona, Italy.
authors: Alberto
authors: A
authors: Ferrarini
authors: Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Verona, Verona, Italy.
authors: Massimo
authors: M
authors: Delledonne
authors: Plant Physiology Section, University of Jaume I, Castellón, Spain.
authors: Victor
authors: V
authors: Flors
authors: UMR 1347 Agroécologie, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France.
authors: Benoit
authors: B
authors: Poinssot
mesh_terms: D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D003517:Cyclopentanes / Q000494:pharmacology; D060467:Disease Resistance / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects; D005936:Glucans / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009868:Oomycetes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D054883:Oxylipins / Q000494:pharmacology; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology; D057865:Plant Immunity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D020156:Salicylic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D059467:Transcriptome / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D027843:Vitis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology / Q000502:physiology; D047071:beta-Glucans / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D003517:Cyclopentanes; D005936:Glucans; D054883:Oxylipins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D047071:beta-Glucans; C011006:jasmonic acid; C008247:laminaran; D020156:Salicylic Acid