title: Percutaneous angioplasty using a paclitaxel-coated balloon improves target lesion restenosis on inflow lesions of autogenous radiocephalic fistulas: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether the use of a paclitaxel-coated balloon (PCB) improves patency in patients undergoing percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) for recurrent juxtaanastomotic stenosis of radiocephalic arteriovenous fistulas (RCAVFs).
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective study recruited hemodialysis patients with two short (< 2 cm) and separated inflow RCAVF lesions. After dilation of lesions using a 4-mm plain balloon (PB), half of the lesions were randomly selected for treatment with PTA using PCB (size, 4 mm; length, 2 cm) and PB (size, 5-mm or 6-mm) (group 1), and the other half were treated with PTA using PB alone (group 2). After the index PTA, dysfunction-driven angiography was performed to confirm target lesion restenosis (TLR). TLR and lesion patency were compared in the two groups by χ(2) test, t test, and Kaplan-Meier analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The analysis of 20 lesions in 10 patients revealed that the TLR-free duration in group 1 was significantly longer than the TLR-free duration in group 2 (251.2 d vs 103.2 d; P < .01). The patency rate of the target lesion was significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2 at 6 months (70% vs 0%; P < .01) but not at 12 months (20% vs 0%; P > .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This early study suggests that, for improving short-term patency, PTA with PCB and PB is more effective than PTA with PB alone, warranting further study.
authors: Cardiovascular Center, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, #386 Ta-Chung First Road, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 813-62; Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei.
authors: Chi-Cheng
authors: CC
authors: Lai
authors: Department of Nephrology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, #386 Ta-Chung First Road, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 813-62; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei.
authors: Hua-Chang
authors: HC
authors: Fang
authors: Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, #386 Ta-Chung First Road, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 813-62; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei.
authors: Ching-Jiunn
authors: CJ
authors: Tseng
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, #386 Ta-Chung First Road, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 813-62; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei.
authors: Chun-Peng
authors: CP
authors: Liu
authors: Cardiovascular Center, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, #386 Ta-Chung First Road, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 813-62; College of Health and Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan. Electronic address: philipmar0119@gmail.com.
authors: Guang-Yuan
authors: GY
authors: Mar
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000800:Angioplasty, Balloon / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation; D001166:Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical / Q000009:adverse effects; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D006083:Graft Occlusion, Vascular / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017534:Radial Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D011859:Radiography; D012008:Recurrence; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000098:blood supply; D062666:Vascular Access Devices; D014654:Vascular Patency
chemical_list: D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D017239:Paclitaxel