title: Delivery of small molecules for bone regenerative engineering: preclinical studies and potential clinical applications.
abstract: Stimulation of bone regeneration using growth factors is a promising approach for musculoskeletal regenerative engineering. However, common limitations with protein growth factors, such as high manufacturing costs, protein instability, contamination issues, and unwanted immunogenic responses of the host reduce potential clinical applications. New strategies for bone regeneration that involve inexpensive and stable small molecules can obviate these problems and have a significant impact on the treatment of skeletal injury and diseases. Over the past decade, a large number of small molecules with the potential of regenerating skeletal tissue have been reported in the literature. Here, we review this literature, paying specific attention to the prospects for small molecule-based bone-regenerative engineering. We also review the preclinical study of small molecules associated with bone regeneration.
authors: Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, School of Engineering, Storrs, CT 06268, USA; Department of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, School of Engineering, Storrs, CT 06268, USA. Electronic address: laurencin@uchc.edu.
authors: Cato T
authors: CT
authors: Laurencin
authors: Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Department of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, School of Engineering, Storrs, CT 06268, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
authors: Keshia M
authors: KM
authors: Ashe
authors: Department of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, School of Engineering, Storrs, CT 06268, USA.
authors: Nicole
authors: N
authors: Henry
authors: Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
authors: Ho Man
authors: HM
authors: Kan
authors: Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, School of Engineering, Storrs, CT 06268, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Connecticut Health Center, School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA. Electronic address: wlo@uchc.edu.
authors: Kevin W-H
authors: KW
authors: Lo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001847:Bone Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000379:methods; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D044968:Regenerative Medicine / Q000379:methods*; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins