title: Regulation of CDK9 activity by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation.
abstract: HIV-1 transcription is regulated by CDK9/cyclin T1, which, unlike a typical cell cycle-dependent kinase, is regulated by associating with 7SK small nuclear ribonuclear protein complex (snRNP). While the protein components of this complex are well studied, the mechanism of the complex formation is still not fully understood. The association of CDK9/cyclin T1 with 7SK snRNP is, in part, regulated by a reversible CDK9 phosphorylation. Here, we present a comprehensive review of the kinases and phosphatases involved in CDK9 phosphorylation and discuss their role in regulation of HIV-1 replication and potential for being targeted for drug development. We propose a novel pathway of HIV-1 transcription regulation via CDK9 Ser-90 phosphorylation by CDK2 and CDK9 Ser-175 dephosphorylation by protein phosphatase-1.
authors: Center for Sickle Cell Disease, Department of Medicine, Howard University, 520 W Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20059, USA.
authors: Sergei
authors: 0000-0003-0744-7887
authors: S
authors: Nekhai
authors: Division of Molecular and Radiation Biophysics, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina 188350, Russia ; Department of Biophysics, St. Petersburg State Polytechnical University, Polytechnicheskaya Street 29, St. Petersburg 195251, Russia.
authors: Michael
authors: 0000-0003-3771-1343
authors: M
authors: Petukhov
authors: Center for Sickle Cell Disease, Department of Medicine, Howard University, 520 W Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20059, USA.
authors: Denitra
authors: 0000-0001-7036-2603
authors: D
authors: Breuer
mesh_terms: D042863:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 9; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D010766:Phosphorylation; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D042863:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 9