title: Overexpression of the cytosolic cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (CKX7) from Arabidopsis causes specific changes in root growth and xylem differentiation.
abstract: Degradation of the plant hormone cytokinin is catalyzed by cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (CKX) enzymes. The Arabidopsis thaliana genome encodes seven CKX proteins which differ in subcellular localization and substrate specificity. Here we analyze the CKX7 gene, which to the best of our knowledge has not yet been studied. pCKX7:GUS expression was detected in the vasculature, the transmitting tissue and the mature embryo sac. A CKX7-GFP fusion protein localized to the cytosol, which is unique among all CKX family members. 35S:CKX7-expressing plants developed short, early terminating primary roots with smaller apical meristems, contrasting with plants overexpressing other CKX genes. The vascular bundles of 35S:CKX7 primary roots contained only protoxylem elements, thus resembling the wol mutant of the CRE1/AHK4 receptor gene. We show that CRE1/AHK4 activity is required to establish the CKX7 overexpression phenotype. Several cytokinin metabolites, in particular cis-zeatin (cZ) and N-glucoside cytokinins, were depleted stronger in 35S:CKX7 plants compared with plants overexpressing other CKX genes. Interestingly, enhanced protoxylem formation together with reduced primary root growth was also found in the cZ-deficient tRNA isopentenyltransferase mutant ipt2,9. However, different cytokinins were similarly efficient in suppressing 35S:CKX7 and ipt2,9 vascular phenotypes. Therefore, we hypothesize that the pool of cytosolic cytokinins is particularly relevant in the root procambium where it mediates the differentiation of vascular tissues through CRE1/AHK4. Taken together, the distinct consequences of CKX7 overexpression indicate that the cellular compartmentalization of cytokinin degradation and substrate preference of CKX isoforms are relevant parameters that define the activities of the hormone.
authors: Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 6, D-14195, Berlin, Germany.
authors: Ireen
authors: I
authors: Köllmer
authors: Ondřej
authors: O
authors: Novák
authors: Miroslav
authors: M
authors: Strnad
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Schmülling
authors: Tomáš
authors: T
authors: Werner
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics; D003583:Cytokinins / Q000378:metabolism; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018519:Meristem / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D036226:Seedlings / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D052584:Xylem / Q000502:physiology*; D015026:Zeatin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D003583:Cytokinins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D015026:Zeatin; D010088:Oxidoreductases; C000597887:CKX7 protein, Arabidopsis; D011494:Protein Kinases; C421783:WOL protein, Arabidopsis
keywords: Arabidopsis thaliana; cytokinin; cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase; cytosol; plant development; root meristem; xylem differentiation