title: Deoxynivalenol and oxidative stress indicators in winter wheat inoculated with Fusarium graminearum.
abstract: This study comprises analyses of contents of mycotoxins, such as deoxynivalenol and zearalenone, as well as the level of oxidative stress in ears of a susceptible wheat cultivar Hanseat and cv. Arina, resistant to a pathogenic fungus Fusarium graminearum. Starting from 48 h after inoculation, a marked increase was observed in the contents of these mycotoxins in ears of wheat; however, the greatest accumulation was recorded in the late period after inoculation, i.e., during development of disease. Up to 120 h after inoculation, in ears of both wheat cultivars, the level of deoxynivalenol was higher than that of zearalenone. The susceptible cultivar was characterized by a much greater accumulation of deoxynivalenol than the resistant cultivar. At the same time, in this cultivar, in the time from 0 to 72 h after inoculation, a marked post-infection increase was observed in the generation of the superoxide radical (O2•-). Additionally, its level, at all the time points after inoculation, was higher than in the control. In wheat cv. Arina, a markedly higher level of O2•- generation in relation to the control was found up to two hours after inoculation and, next, at a later time after inoculation. In turn, the level of semiquinone radicals detected by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) increased at later culture times, both in cv. Hanseat and Arina; however, in infested ears of wheat, it was generally lower than in the control. Analysis of disease symptoms revealed the presence of more extensive lesions in ears of a susceptible wheat cv. Hanseat than resistant cv. Arina. Additionally, ergosterol level as a fungal growth indicator was higher in ears of susceptible wheat than in the resistant cultivar.
authors: Department of Chemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, Poznań 60-625, Poland. agat@up.poznan.pl.
authors: Agnieszka
authors: A
authors: Waśkiewicz
authors: Department of Plant Physiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, Poznań 60-637, Poland. morkunas@jay.up.poznan.pl.
authors: Iwona
authors: I
authors: Morkunas
authors: Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smoluchowskiego 17, Poznań 60-179, Poland. waldemar.bednarski@ifmpan.poznan.pl.
authors: Waldemar
authors: W
authors: Bednarski
authors: Department of Plant Physiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, Poznań 60-637, Poland. chungmv@vinhuni.edu.vn.
authors: Van Chung
authors: VC
authors: Mai
authors: Department of Plant Physiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, Poznań 60-637, Poland. formelamagda@o2.pl.
authors: Magda
authors: M
authors: Formela
authors: Department of Chemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, Poznań 60-625, Poland. monika.beszterda@up.poznan.pl.
authors: Monika
authors: M
authors: Beszterda
authors: Department of Genomics, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, Poznań 60-479, Poland. hwis@igr.poznan.pl.
authors: Halina
authors: H
authors: Wiśniewska
authors: Department of Chemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, Poznań 60-625, Poland. piotrg@up.poznan.pl.
authors: Piotr
authors: P
authors: Goliński
mesh_terms: D004875:Ergosterol / Q000032:analysis; D005670:Fusarium; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011809:Quinones / Q000378:metabolism; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D015025:Zearalenone / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D011809:Quinones; D014255:Trichothecenes; D013481:Superoxides; D015025:Zearalenone; C007262:deoxynivalenol; D004875:Ergosterol