title: Validation of a rapid neurodevelopmental assessment tool for 5 to 9 year-old children in Bangladesh.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To validate a rapid neurodevelopmental assessment tool for use by child care professionals to determine neurodevelopmental impairments (NDIs) in children ages 5-9 years (61-108 months) in Bangladesh.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a convenience sample of community children (n = 18), interrater reliability was determined between 6 testers. Validity was determined in 121 children by simultaneous administration of a test of adaptive behavior (AB) (ie, the Independent Behavior Assessment Scale, or Gold Standard I) and IQ tests (Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scales of Intelligence or the Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children, or Gold Standard II) by child psychologists.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Interrater reliability was excellent (kappa = 1.00). Significantly lower scores were obtained on AB and IQ tests in those identified with "any (≥1) NDI" and most specific NDIs. Sensitivity and specificity for "any NDI" with (a) "significant difficulties" (defined as AB z-scores < -2 SD and/or IQ < 70) or (b) "mild difficulties included" (AB z scores < -1 SD and/or IQ < 85) were 84% and 57%; and 83% and 70%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The rapid neurodevelopmental assessment tool shows promise as a tool for use by a range of professionals for identifying NDIs in children of primary school age. Further refinement for identifying specific impairments is needed.
authors: Child Development Center, Department of Pediatric Neuroscience, Dhaka Shishu (Children's) Hospital, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors: Naila Z
authors: NZ
authors: Khan
authors: Child Development Center, Department of Pediatric Neuroscience, Dhaka Shishu (Children's) Hospital, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors: Humaira
authors: H
authors: Muslima
authors: Center for Child and Adolescent Health, International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors: Shams
authors: S
authors: El Arifeen
authors: Department of Child Clinical Psychology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
authors: Helen
authors: H
authors: McConachie
authors: Child Development Center, Department of Pediatric Neuroscience, Dhaka Shishu (Children's) Hospital, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors: Asma Begum
authors: AB
authors: Shilpi
authors: Bangladesh Protibondhi Foundation, Mirpur, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors: Shamim
authors: S
authors: Ferdous
authors: Global Development, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA. Electronic address: gary.darmstadt@gatesfoundation.org.
authors: Gary L
authors: GL
authors: Darmstadt
mesh_terms: D001459:Bangladesh; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D034381:Hearing Loss / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D007361:Intelligence Tests; D007806:Language Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D015588:Observer Variation; D011596:Psychomotor Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012640:Seizures / Q000175:diagnosis; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis