title: Effects of cumulative trauma load on perceptions of health, blood pressure, and resting heart rate in urban African American youth.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined relationships between cumulative trauma (CT) and urban African American (AA) adolescents' blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and perceptions of health.
  
  
  METHODS
  A correlational design using secondary data analysis studied effects of CT, health outcomes, and perceptions of health. Participants were 175 urban AA youth (11-16 years) who completed structured surveys and physiological measures of HR and BP before and after exercise.
  
  
  RESULTS
  AA youth were experiencing high levels of CT. Negative correlations were obtained between AA females' perceptions of their health and systolic BP with levels of trauma. No gender differences were found in HR or BP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AA females with high CT may perceive themselves as less healthy and can be at risk for health problems.
authors: Health Practice, College of Nursing, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.
authors: Rhonda
authors: R
authors: Conner-Warren
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology*; D000367:Age Factors; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D012090:Cumulative Trauma Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice / Q000208:ethnology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D014481:United States; D014505:Urban Population
keywords: Adolescents; African American; cumulative; health; trauma