title: Prevalence of infection and molecular confirmation by using ITS-2 region of Fasciola gigantica found in domestic cattle from Chiang Mai province, Thailand.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the infection of Fasciola gigantica (F. gigantica) in domestic cattle from Chiang Mai province and molecular confirmation using ITS-2 region.
  
  
  METHODS
  The liver and gall bladder of Bubalus bubalis (B. bubalis) and Bos taurus (B. taurus) from slaughterhouses were examined adult worms and prevalence investigation. The species confirmation with phylogenetic analysis using ITS-2 sequences was performed by maximum likelihood and UPGMA methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total prevalences of infection in B. bubalis and Bubalus taurus (B. taurus) were 67.27% and 52.94% respectively. The respective prevalence in both B. bubalis and B. taurus were acquired from Doi-Saket, Muang, and Sanpatong districts, with 81.25%, 62.50% and 60.00% for B. bubalis and 62.50%, 50.00% and 47.06% for Bos taurus respectively. The species confirmation of F. gigantica and some related species by basing on maximum likelihood and UPGMA methods used, 4 groups of trematodes were generated, first F. gigantica group including specimen of Chiang Mai, second 2 samples of F. hepatica, third group of 3 rumen flukes; Orthocoelium streptocoelium, F. elongatus and Paramphistomum epliclitum and fourth group of 3 minute intestinal flukes; Haplorchis taichui, Stellantchasmu falcatus, Haplorchoides sp. and liver fluke; Opisthorchis viverrini respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results can be confirmed the Giant liver fluke which mainly caused fascioliasis in Chiang Mai was identified as F. gigantica and specimens were the same as those of F. gigantica recorded in other different countries. Nucleotide sequence of ITS-2 region has been proven as effective diagnostic tool for the identification of F. gigantica.
authors: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Applied Technology in Biodiversity Research Unit, Institute of Science and Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
authors: Anawat
authors: A
authors: Phalee
authors: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Applied Technology in Biodiversity Research Unit, Institute of Science and Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. Electronic address: cwongsawad@gmail.com.
authors: Chalobol
authors: C
authors: Wongsawad
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology*; D018509:DNA, Helminth / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D021901:DNA, Intergenic / Q000235:genetics; D005209:Fasciola / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005211:Fascioliasis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*; D005704:Gallbladder / Q000469:parasitology; D008099:Liver / Q000469:parasitology; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D010802:Phylogeny; D015995:Prevalence; D013785:Thailand / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D018509:DNA, Helminth; D021901:DNA, Intergenic
keywords: Chiang Mai; Domestic cattle; Fasciola gigantica; ITS-2 region; Molecular confirmation