title: Usual dietary glycemic load is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in physically active Brazilian middle-aged men.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The effects of dietary glycemic load (GL) on cardiometabolic risk factors in physically active subjects are not completely known.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This cross-sectional study assessed the association of habitual dietary GL with cardiometabolic risk factors in physically active Brazilian middle-aged men.
  
  
  METHODS
  One-hundred seventy-six subjects (Age: 50.6 ± 5.0 years, BMI: 25.5 ± 3.6 kg/m2) were evaluated. Anthropometry, lifestyle features, insulin resistance, oxidative stress biomarkers (8-iso-prostaglandin F2α; 8-iso-PGF2α and 8- hydroxydeoxyguanosine; 8-OHdG) and lipid profile were assessed. Dietary intake was estimated through a quantitative food frequency questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The dietary GL was positively associated with free fatty acid concentrations (β= 0.311, r2 = 0.13, P-value = 0.034) and triglycerides/HDL cholesterol ratio (β = 0.598, r2 = 0.19, P-value = 0.028) regardless of confounding factors (central obesity, red meat consumption, age and energy intake). The oxidative stress biomarker, 8-OHdG, was associated with habitual dietary GL (β = 0.432, r2 = 0.11, P-value = 0.004), regardless of previous confounding factors plus excessive alcohol consumption, iron intake and current smoking status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The dietary GL was positively associated with lipid profile (free fatty acid concentrations and triglyce rides/HDL cholesterol ratio) and oxidative stress biomarker (8-OHdG). These results indicate potential harmfulness of diet with higher GL to cardiometabolic risk factors in middle-aged men, even in physically active individuals.
authors: Departament of Nutrition and Health. Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Viçosa. Brazil.. ralfenas@ufv.br.
authors: Paula G
authors: PG
authors: Cocate
authors: Departament of Physical Education. Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Viçosa. Brazil.. ralfenas@ufv.br.
authors: Antônio J
authors: AJ
authors: Natali
authors: Departament of Nutrition and Health. Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Viçosa. Brazil.. ralfenas@ufv.br.
authors: Alessandro
authors: A
authors: de Oliveira
authors: Departament of Nutrition and Health. Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Viçosa. Brazil.. ralfenas@ufv.br.
authors: Helen Hermana M
authors: HH
authors: Hermsdorff
authors: Departament of Nutrition and Health. Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Viçosa. Brazil.. ralfenas@ufv.br.
authors: Maria do Carmo G
authors: Mdo C
authors: Peluzio
authors: Departament of Nutrition and Health. Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Viçosa. Brazil.. ralfenas@ufv.br.
authors: Giana Z
authors: GZ
authors: Longo
authors: Departament of Nutrition and Health. Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Viçosa. Brazil.. ralfenas@ufv.br.
authors: Jéssica M
authors: JM
authors: Buthers
authors: Departament of Nutrition and Health. Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Viçosa. Brazil.. ralfenas@ufv.br.
authors: Eliziária C
authors: EC
authors: dos Santos
authors: Departament of Nutrition and Health. Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Viçosa. Brazil.. ralfenas@ufv.br.
authors: Leandro L
authors: LL
authors: de Oliveira
authors: Departament of Nutrition and Health. Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Viçosa. Brazil.. ralfenas@ufv.br.
authors: Rita de Cássia G
authors: Rde C
authors: Alfenas
mesh_terms: D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D038321:Glycemic Index; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D012307:Risk Factors