title: Effect of food deprivation on formalin-induced nociceptive behaviors and β-endorphin and sex hormone concentration in rats.
abstract: The present study examined the possible role of endogenous opioidergic system in effect of food deprivation on formalin-induced nociceptive behaviors in male and female rats. Also, we investigated the effect of food deprivation on the plasma level of beta-endorphin and sex hormones.
  
  
  
  Food was withdrawn 48 h prior to performing the formalin test, but water continued to be available ad libitum. The formalin was injected into hind plantar paw.
  
  
  
  There is significant difference between male and female control rats during phase 2B. Following 48-h food deprivation, both male and female rats exhibited enhanced nociceptive behavior in response to formalin. Food deprivation for 12 and 24 h increased and for 48 h decreased beta-endorphin level in male and female rats. Food deprivation for 24 h decreased testosterone level in male, while it had no significant effect on female rats and food deprivation for 48 h decreased testosterone level in both sexes. Food deprivation for 24 h increased estradiol level in female and that for 48 h had no significant effect on male and female rats.
  
  
  
  The present study demonstrates the existence of food deprivation for 48 h causes enhancement of nociception in the formalin test in male and female rats that has correlation with decrease in plasma beta-endorphin and testosterone levels.
authors: Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
authors: Mohammad-Reza
authors: MR
authors: Sarookhani
authors: Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
authors: Elmira
authors: E
authors: Ghasemi-Dashkhasan
authors: Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
authors: Nima
authors: N
authors: Heidari-Oranjaghi
authors: Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
authors: Hassan
authors: H
authors: Azhdari-Zarmehri
authors: Nursing and Midwifery School, Torbat Heydarieh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydarieh, Iran.
authors: Elaheh
authors: E
authors: Erami
authors: Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
authors: Sedighe-Sadat
authors: SS
authors: Hosseini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D005508:Food Deprivation / Q000502:physiology*; D005557:Formaldehyde / Q000633:toxicity*; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D059225:Nociception / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000187:drug effects / Q000379:methods; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D001615:beta-Endorphin / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D005557:Formaldehyde; D001615:beta-Endorphin
keywords: Rat; Food Deprivation; beta-endorphin; Naloxone