title: Development of reading-related skills in Chinese and English among Hong Kong Chinese children with and without dyslexia.
abstract: This 2-year longitudinal study sought to identify a developmental pattern of Chinese and English reading skills in children with and without dyslexia from 6 to 8years of age. Three groups of 15 children each-those with dyslexia, age-matched (AM) controls, and reading-matched (RM) controls-participated. Dyslexia was diagnosed at 8years of age. All children were tested on phonological awareness, rapid automatized naming (RAN), morphological awareness, word reading, and vocabulary knowledge in both Chinese and English and also speed of processing skill. AM controls outperformed the group with dyslexia on all measures except for phonological awareness, English word reading, and vocabulary. However, those with dyslexia and AM controls developed at a similar rate across all reading-related skills from 6 to 8years of age. Compared with the RM controls, the group with dyslexia scored higher in phonological awareness, morphological awareness, and vocabulary knowledge in both Chinese and English and also in English word reading but scored similarly in RAN. Children with dyslexia, thus, manifested clear difficulties in Chinese vocabulary knowledge, morphological awareness, and RAN as well as general speed of processing, representing a developmental lag in cognitive skills. Among these, RAN deficits are likely to be the most severe deficits in Chinese children with dyslexia.
authors: Department of Early Childhood Education, Hong Kong Institute of Education, Tai Po, NT, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Electronic address: ylzhou@ied.edu.hk.
authors: Yanling
authors: Y
authors: Zhou
authors: Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
authors: Catherine
authors: C
authors: McBride-Chang
authors: Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
authors: Ada Bui-Yan
authors: AB
authors: Law
authors: Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
authors: Tong
authors: T
authors: Li
authors: Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
authors: Amelie Cho-Yi
authors: AC
authors: Cheung
authors: Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
authors: Anita M-Y
authors: AM
authors: Wong
authors: State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neurosciences and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China.
authors: Hua
authors: H
authors: Shu
mesh_terms: D001077:Aptitude Tests; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D004410:Dyslexia / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006723:Hong Kong; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019303:Multilingualism; D010700:Phonetics; D011932:Reading; D014825:Vocabulary
keywords: Bilingual; Chinese and English reading; Dyslexia; Morphological awareness; Phonological awareness; RAN; Vocabulary knowledge; Word reading