title: Modeling the reflectance of the lunar regolith by a new method combining Monte Carlo Ray tracing and Hapke's model with application to Chang'E-1 IIM data.
abstract: In this paper, we model the reflectance of the lunar regolith by a new method combining Monte Carlo ray tracing and Hapke's model. The existing modeling methods exploit either a radiative transfer model or a geometric optical model. However, the measured data from an Interference Imaging spectrometer (IIM) on an orbiter were affected not only by the composition of minerals but also by the environmental factors. These factors cannot be well addressed by a single model alone. Our method implemented Monte Carlo ray tracing for simulating the large-scale effects such as the reflection of topography of the lunar soil and Hapke's model for calculating the reflection intensity of the internal scattering effects of particles of the lunar soil. Therefore, both the large-scale and microscale effects are considered in our method, providing a more accurate modeling of the reflectance of the lunar regolith. Simulation results using the Lunar Soil Characterization Consortium (LSCC) data and Chang'E-1 elevation map show that our method is effective and useful. We have also applied our method to Chang'E-1 IIM data for removing the influence of lunar topography to the reflectance of the lunar soil and to generate more realistic visualizations of the lunar surface.
authors: Space Science Institute, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China.
authors: Un-Hong
authors: 0000-0002-4954-7846
authors: UH
authors: Wong
authors: School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
authors: Yunzhao
authors: Y
authors: Wu
authors: Space Science Institute, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China ; Faculty of Information Technology, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China.
authors: Hon-Cheng
authors: 0000-0001-5884-1417
authors: HC
authors: Wong
authors: Space Science Institute, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China.
authors: Yanyan
authors: 0000-0002-5780-8540
authors: Y
authors: Liang
authors: Space Science Institute, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China.
authors: Zesheng
authors: Z
authors: Tang
mesh_terms: D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D016081:Moon; D012987:Soil
chemical_list: D012987:Soil