title: Reach and uptake of Internet- and phone-based smoking cessation interventions: results from a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study whether demographic and smoking-related characteristics are associated with participation (reach) in a smoking cessation trial and subsequent use (uptake) of two specific smoking interventions (Internet-based program and proactive telephone counseling).
  
  
  METHODS
  We used data from a four-arm randomized smoking cessation trial (2011). Participants (n=1,809) were recruited among 9,924 smokers who previously participated in two health surveys in Denmark (2007-2008 and 2010). Interventions were as follows: (1) an Internet-based smoking cessation program, (2) proactive telephone counseling, (3) reactive telephone counseling and (4) a self-help booklet.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Reach (defined as the proportion accepting to participate in the trial of those invited) was highest among persons aged 40-59 years, women, heavy smokers and persons with long education. Among trial participants, uptake (defined as any use of the specific intervention at 1-month follow-up) was 69% for the Internet-based program, 74% and 9% for proactive and reactive telephone counseling, respectively, and 84% for the self-help booklet. Young age was associated with the uptake of the Internet-based program, and short education was associated with using proactive telephone counseling.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Internet-based interventions and proactive telephone counseling appeal to different age and educational groups. Further, offering similar intervention content by a proactive and a reactive approach can be associated with different intervention uptake.
authors: Centre for Intervention Research, National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Oester Farimagsgade 5A, 2., 1353 Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors: L S
authors: LS
authors: Skov-Ettrup
authors: Department of Cancer Prevention and Documentation, Danish Cancer Society, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Dalum
authors: National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Oester Farimagsgade 5A, 2., 1353 Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors: O
authors: O
authors: Ekholm
authors: Centre for Intervention Research, National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Oester Farimagsgade 5A, 2., 1353 Copenhagen, Denmark. Electronic address: jst@niph.dk.
authors: J S
authors: JS
authors: Tolstrup
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D003376:Counseling / Q000379:methods*; D003718:Denmark; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006266:Health Education; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010174:Pamphlets; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012648:Self Care / Q000379:methods; D012907:Smoking / Q000628:therapy*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods*; D013689:Telephone; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Internet; Randomized controlled trial; Smoking cessation; Telephone