title: Neonatal pain control and neurologic effects of anesthetics and sedatives in preterm infants.
abstract: Preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the adverse consequences of untreated pain and stress on brain development in the preterm infant. Sucrose has widely been implemented as standard therapy for minor procedural pain. Anesthetics are commonly utilized in preterm infants during major surgery. Pharmacologic agents (benzodiazepines and opioids) have been examined in clinical trials of preterm infants requiring invasive mechanical ventilation. Controversy exists regarding the safety and long-term impact of these interventions. Ongoing multidisciplinary research will help define the impact of these agents and identify potential alternative therapies.
authors: Department of Pharmacy, St. Louis Children's Hospital, 1 Children's Place, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. Electronic address: ccm0145@bjc.org.
authors: Christopher
authors: C
authors: McPherson
authors: Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, F605B, 4480 Oak Street, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3V4, Canada; School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queens University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK.
authors: Ruth E
authors: RE
authors: Grunau
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000777:Anesthetics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000379:methods*; D013395:Sucrose / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000777:Anesthetics; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D013395:Sucrose
keywords: Analgesia; Anesthesia; Newborn; Pain; Premature; Sedation