title: Effect of fatty and lean fish intake on lipoprotein subclasses in subjects with coronary heart disease: a controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fish oil intake reduces serum triglycerides; however, little is known about the effects of dietary fish intake on lipoprotein subclasses.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We aimed at assessing the effect of fatty and lean fish intake on the lipoprotein subclasses in an intervention study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The intervention study included 33 patients with coronary heart disease, who were aged 61.0 ± 5.8 (mean ± SD) years. The subjects were randomly assigned to a fatty fish (n = 11), lean fish (n = 12), or control (n = 10) diet for 8 weeks. Fish diets included at least 4 fish meals per week. Subjects in the control group consumed lean beef, pork, and chicken. Lipoprotein subclasses and their lipid components were determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Concentrations of n-3 fatty acids and docosahexaenoic acid increased in the fatty fish group. The concentrations of cholesterol, cholesterol esters, and total lipids in very large high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) increased in the fatty fish group (overall difference P = .005, P = .002, and P = .007, respectively; false discovery rate P = .04, P = .04, and P = .05, respectively). The mean size of HDL particles increased in the fatty fish group (9.8 ± 0.3 nm at baseline and 9.9 ± 0.4 nm at end of study; overall difference P = .004, false discovery rate P = .04). The fish diets did not affect very-low-density lipoprotein or low-density lipoprotein size.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fatty fish intake at least 4 times per week increases HDL particle size which might have beneficial effect in patients with coronary heart disease.
authors: Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio Campus, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. Electronic address: arja.erkkila@uef.fi.
authors: Arja T
authors: AT
authors: Erkkilä
authors: Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio Campus, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
authors: Ursula S
authors: US
authors: Schwab
authors: Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
authors: Seppo
authors: S
authors: Lehto
authors: Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio Campus, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
authors: Vanessa D
authors: VD
authors: de Mello
authors: Computational Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
authors: Antti J
authors: AJ
authors: Kangas
authors: NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Kuopio Campus, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
authors: Pasi
authors: P
authors: Soininen
authors: Computational Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Kuopio Campus, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Computational Medicine, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
authors: Mika
authors: M
authors: Ala-Korpela
authors: Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio Campus, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Research Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
authors: Matti I J
authors: MI
authors: Uusitupa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005396:Fish Products; D006801:Humans; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood* / Q000145:classification*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D008074:Lipoproteins
keywords: Coronary heart disease; Fish; Lipoprotein subclasses; n-3 Fatty acids