title: Hepatitis B virus prevalence, risk factors and genotype distribution in HIV infected patients from West Java, Indonesia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Indonesia currently faces both an increasing HIV incidence and a high hepatitis B virus (HBV) burden.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of our study is to examine the prevalence, risk factors, and genotypic distribution of HBV infection among HIV infected patients in West Java, Indonesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross sectional study was conducted among a cohort of HIV infected patients in 2008. Demographic and disease related variables were compared between HBV negative and positive patients. Logistic regression was applied to determine risk factors for HBV co-infection. HBV and HIV genotyping was performed in co-infected patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 636 HIV-infected patients, the rate of HBV co-infection was 7%. The proportion of males was higher in HBV/HIV co-infected patients than in HIV mono-infected patients (93% vs. 72%, P=0.001). A history of injecting drug use (IDU), but not tattooing, was associated with HBV co-infection [P=0.035 OR 2.41 (95% CI 1.06-5.47)]. In the HIV and HBV treatment naive patients, CD4 cells counts <50cells/mm(3), HIV-RNA plasma ≥10,000copies/ml and AST level above normal were more often found in patients with high HBV-DNA levels (≥20,000IU/ml) as compared to those with low HBV DNA (<20.000IU/ml) (P<0.05). As in the general population, B3 was the dominant subtype in HBV co-infected patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of active HBV infection and the genotype distribution among HIV infected individuals is similar to the overall population in Java. However, an increased prevalence was observed in men with a history of IDU, underlining the need for routine HBV screening and monitoring.
authors: Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands; School of Life Science and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia. Electronic address: a.fibriani@erasmusmc.nl.
authors: Azzania
authors: A
authors: Fibriani
authors: Internal Medicine Department, Hasan Sadikin Hospital-Medical Faculty, Universitas Padjadjaran Bandung, Indonesia.
authors: Rudi
authors: R
authors: Wisaksana
authors: Internal Medicine Department, Hasan Sadikin Hospital-Medical Faculty, Universitas Padjadjaran Bandung, Indonesia.
authors: Bachti
authors: B
authors: Alisjahbana
authors: Clinical Pathology Department, Hasan Sadikin Hospital-Medical Faculty, Universitas Padjadjaran Bandung, Indonesia.
authors: Agnes
authors: A
authors: Indrati
authors: Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Schutten
authors: Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors: Reinout
authors: R
authors: van Crevel
authors: Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors: Andre
authors: A
authors: van der Ven
authors: Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Charles A B
authors: CA
authors: Boucher
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016021:Epidemiologic Studies; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D007214:Indonesia / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000150:complications
keywords: HBV; HIV; Indonesia