title: Perioperative management of cardiac disease.
abstract: Pre-existing cardiac disease contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality amongst patients undergoing non cardiac surgery. Patients with pre-existing cardiac disease or with risk factors for it, have as much as a 3.9% risk of suffering a major perioperative cardiac event (Lee et al 1999, Devereaux 2005). Furthermore, the incidence of perioperative myocardial infarction (MI) is increased 10 to 50 fold in patients with previous coronary events (Jassal 2008).
authors: Trauma & Orthopaedics, Royal London Hospital, Percivall Pott Rotation, Whitechapel Road, London E1 1BB. nicholas.aresti@bartshealth.nhs.uk
authors: N A
authors: NA
authors: Aresti
authors: SpR Trauma & Orthopaedic Surgery, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore.
authors: A A
authors: AA
authors: Malik
authors: Ittefaq Hospital, Lahore.
authors: K M
authors: KM
authors: Ihsan
authors: SpR Spinal Surgery, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore.
authors: S M E
authors: SM
authors: Aftab
authors: University College London Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore.
authors: W S
authors: WS
authors: Khan
mesh_terms: D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001024:Aortic Valve Stenosis / Q000451:nursing; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000451:nursing; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000451:nursing*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000451:nursing; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000451:nursing; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000451:nursing; D009730:Nursing Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D019990:Perioperative Care / Q000451:nursing*; D018570:Risk Assessment
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants