title: Translational readthrough in Tobacco necrosis virus-D.
abstract: The plus-strand RNA genome of Tobacco necrosis virus-D (TNV-D) expresses its polymerase via translational readthrough. The RNA signals involved in this readthrough process were characterized in vitro using a wheat germ extract translation system and in vivo via protoplast infections. The results indicate that (i) TNV-D requires a long-range RNA-RNA interaction between an extended stem-loop (SL) structure proximal to the readthrough site and a sequence in the 3'-untranslated region of its genome; (ii) stability of the extended SL structure is important for its function; (iii) TNV-D readthrough elements are compatible with UAG and UGA, but not UAA; (iv) a readthrough defect can be rescued by a heterologous readthrough element in vitro, but not in vivo; and (v) readthrough elements can also mediate translational frameshifting. These results provide new information on determinants of readthrough in TNV-D and further support the concept of a common general mechanism for readthrough in Tombusviridae.
authors: Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada M3J 1P3.
authors: Laura R
authors: LR
authors: Newburn
authors: Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada M3J 1P3.
authors: Beth L
authors: BL
authors: Nicholson
authors: Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada M3J 1P3.
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Yosefi
authors: Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada M3J 1P3.
authors: Peter A
authors: PA
authors: Cimino
authors: Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada M3J 1P3. Electronic address: kawhite@yorku.ca.
authors: K Andrew
authors: KA
authors: White
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000821:virology*; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000821:virology*; D019183:Tombusviridae / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral; D014764:Viral Proteins
keywords: Cap-independent translation; Carmovirus; Frameshifting; Necrovirus; Plant virus; RNA structure; RNA virus; Readthrough; Recoding; Tombusviridae