title: Angiotensin converting enzyme insertion/deletion (I/D) (rs4646994) and Vegf polymorphism (+405G/C; rs2010963) in type II diabetic patients: Association with the risk of coronary artery disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Little is known about the concomitant presence of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) (rs4646994) D allele and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) (+405G/C; rs2010963) G allele on the susceptibility of coronary artery disease (CAD). Here we examined the hypothesis that ACE-D and VEGF-G alleles act synergistically to increase the severity of CAD in patients with type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
  
  
  METHODS
  The VEGF (rs2010963) and ACE (rs4646994) genotypes were detected by polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and PCR, respectively in 510 T2DM patients undergoing their first coronary angiography. Diabetic patients were classified as T2DM patients with and without CAD (control).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The crude odds ratio (OR) for the presence of CAD in ID+DD and D allele carriers were 1.98 (p=0.01) and 1.55 (p=0.001), respectively. Also, adjusted ORs in the presence of normolipidemia and the absence of history of hypertension for the risk of CAD in the either ACE(rs4646994) D allele or VGEF(rs2010963)-G alleles were 2.08 (p=0.004) and 1.75 (p=0.024), respectively. In addition, the concomitant presence of the ACE-D and VEGF-G alleles increased the risk of CAD 2.25-fold (p=0.043).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicated that ACE(rs4646994)-D allele alone and in the presence of VEGF(rs2010963)-G allele can be an important independent risk factor for susceptibility of CAD in T2DM patients even after correcting for conventional risk factors in a population of Iran.
authors: Department of Experimental Sciences, Dezful Branch, Islamic Azad University, Dezful, Iran atoosa803@yahoo.com.
authors: Atousa
authors: A
authors: Moradzadegan
authors: Department of Clinical Biochemistry Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Iran avaisiraygani@gmail.com.
authors: Asad
authors: A
authors: Vaisi-Raygani
authors: Department of Biochemistry, Ahwaz Jondi Shapour University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
authors: Abdolrahim
authors: A
authors: Nikzamir
authors: Department of Clinical Biochemistry Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
authors: Zohreh
authors: Z
authors: Rahimi
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics*; D003710:Demography; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D054643:INDEL Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C488034:ACE protein, human; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A
keywords: Angiotensin converting enzyme (rs4646994); coronary artery disease; diabetes mellitus; genetic polymorphism; vascular endothelial growth factor (rs2010963)