title: Experimental and predicted acute toxicity of antibacterial compounds and their mixtures using the luminescent bacterium Vibrio fischeri.
abstract: This article investigates the bioluminescence inhibition effects of the antimicrobials triclocarban, triclosan and its metabolite methyl triclosan, using the marine bacterium Vibrio fischeri as the test organism (Microtox©). The concentration response analysis was performed for the three individual substances and for a mixture in which the three compounds were mixed in a ratio of the IC50 of the individual components (equitoxic ratio). Toxicity values (the median inhibitory concentration value, in mg L(-1)) in the decreasing order of sensitivity were triclosan (0.73)>triclocarban (0.91)>methyl-triclosan (1.76). The comparison of the experimental data with those obtained by using Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) equations indicated that triclosan and triclocarban act as polar narcotic compounds towards V. fischeri, whereas methyl-triclosan acts as a narcotic (baseline toxicity). The toxicity of the mixture was measured experimentally and predicted by two models (CA: concentration addition; IA: independent action). The results showed that the observed mixture toxicity (IC50=0.23 mg L(-1)) had no significant differences from those predicted by both CA and IA models.
authors: Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano Bicocca, P.zza della Scienza, 1-20126 Milano, Italy.
authors: Sara
authors: S
authors: Villa
authors: Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano Bicocca, P.zza della Scienza, 1-20126 Milano, Italy.
authors: Marco
authors: M
authors: Vighi
authors: Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano Bicocca, P.zza della Scienza, 1-20126 Milano, Italy. Electronic address: antonio.finizio@unimib.it.
authors: Antonio
authors: A
authors: Finizio
mesh_terms: D048908:Aliivibrio fischeri / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D002224:Carbanilides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D021281:Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship; D018675:Toxicity Tests; D014260:Triclosan / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D002224:Carbanilides; D014260:Triclosan; C502486:methyl triclosan; C009540:triclocarban
keywords: Methyl-triclosan; Microtox©; Mixtures toxicity; Triclocarban; Triclosan