title: Evaluation of a novel approach in the prevention of white spot lesions around orthodontic brackets.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the relative efficacy of a resin fissure sealant, nano-filled self-adhesive protective coating, resin infiltrant, glass ionomer cement (GIC), and GIC containing casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) in preventing the formation of subsurface lesions of enamel (SLE) adjacent to orthodontic brackets by acting as an enamel surface sealant (ESS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-five enamel specimens with molar tubes bonded at their centre were randomly divided into five groups, each treated with a different material at the bracket's periphery. Specimens were stored in an acetate demineralization solution at pH 4.5 for 7 days at 37 °C then imaged using quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) to determine the difference in fluorescence (∆F) between sound- and acid-exposed enamel. Lesion cross-sections were then examined using backscattered scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to measure lesion depth.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The use of GIC alone or incorporating CPP-ACP significantly reduced ∆F compared with other materials. Backscattered SEM images showed no measurable demineralization for enamel treated with either GIC material in contrast with other groups, which showed statistically significant demineralization levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The fluoride-releasing effects and CPP-ACP benefits of the GIC materials show promise as an effective ESS in inhibiting enamel demineralization adjacent to orthodontic brackets.
authors: School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Yap
authors: L J
authors: LJ
authors: Walsh
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Naser-Ud Din
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Ngo
authors: D J
authors: DJ
authors: Manton
mesh_terms: D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002364:Caseins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000494:pharmacology; D005459:Fluorides / Q000494:pharmacology; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000494:pharmacology; D008963:Molar; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D010895:Pit and Fissure Sealants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011897:Random Allocation
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D002364:Caseins; D003764:Dental Materials; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D010895:Pit and Fissure Sealants; C447032:casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate nanocomplex; D005459:Fluorides
keywords: White spot lesion; caries prevention; enamel surface sealant; quantitative light-induced fluorescence; scanning electron microscopy