title: RNA interference of NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase of the rice brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, increases susceptibility to insecticides.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) is essential for numerous biological reactions catalysed by microsomal cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s). Knockdown of CPR in several insects leads to developmental defects and increased susceptibility to insecticides. However, information about the role of CPR in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, is still unavailable.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A full-length cDNA encoding CPR was cloned from N. lugens (NlCPR). The deduced amino acid sequence showed marked features of classical CPRs, such as an N-terminus membrane anchor, conserved domains for flavin mononucleotide, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate binding, as well as an FAD-binding motif and catalytic residues. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that NlCPR was located in a branch along with bed bug and pea aphid hemipteran insects. NlCPR mRNA was detectable in all tissues and developmental stages of N. lugens, as determined by real-time quantitative PCR. NlCPR transcripts were most abundant in the abdomen in adults, and in first-instar nymphs. Injection of N. lugens with double-strand RNA (dsRNA) against NlCPR significantly reduced the transcription level of the mRNA, and silencing of NlCPR resulted in increased susceptibility in N. lugens to beta-cypermethrin and imidacloprid.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results provide first evidence that NlCPR contributes to the susceptibility to beta-cypermethrin and imidacloprid in N. lugens.
authors: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Ministry of Agriculture, and Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.
authors: Su
authors: S
authors: Liu
authors: Qing-Mei
authors: QM
authors: Liang
authors: Wen-Wu
authors: WW
authors: Zhou
authors: Yan-Dong
authors: YD
authors: Jiang
authors: Qing-Zi
authors: QZ
authors: Zhu
authors: Hang
authors: H
authors: Yu
authors: Chuan-Xi
authors: CX
authors: Zhang
authors: Geoff M
authors: GM
authors: Gurr
authors: Zeng-Rong
authors: ZR
authors: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D006430:Hemiptera / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D007093:Imidazoles; D007305:Insecticide Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D007306:Insecticides; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009251:NADPH-Ferrihemoprotein Reductase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D010802:Phylogeny; D011722:Pyrethrins; D034622:RNA Interference; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D007093:Imidazoles; D007306:Insecticides; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D011722:Pyrethrins; C017160:cypermethrin; C082359:imidacloprid; D009251:NADPH-Ferrihemoprotein Reductase
keywords: NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase; Nilaparvata lugens; beta-cypermethrin; double-strand RNA; imidacloprid; insecticide susceptibility