title: Experimental peri-implant mucositis at different implant surfaces.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To histologically and immunologically assess experimental peri-implant mucositis at surface enhanced modified (mod) hydrophilic titanium implants.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a split-mouth design (n = 6 foxhounds), four different implants were inserted on each side of the maxilla: three titanium-zirconium alloy implants (TiZr) with either modSLA (sand-blasted, acid etched and chemically mod), modMA (machined, acid etched and chemically mod), or M (machined) surfaces in the transmucosal portion, and one titanium implant with a machined transmucosal portion (TiM). Experimental mucositis was induced at one randomly assigned side (NPC), whereas the contra-lateral maxillary side received mechanical plaque removal three times per week (PC). At 16 weeks, tissue biopsies were processed for histological (primary outcome: apical extension of the inflammatory cell infiltrate measured from the mucosal margin - PM-aICT) and immunohistochemical (CD68 antigen reactivity) analyses. Peri-implant sulcus fluid was analysed for interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 and myeloperoxidase (MPO).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean PM-aICT values varied between 1.86 (TiZrmodSLA) and 3.40 mm (TiM) in the UPC group, and between 0.88 (TiZrmodSLA) and 2.08 mm (TiZrM) in the PC group. Mean CD68, IL-1β, IL-8, MMP-8 and MPO values were equally distributed between mod- and control implants in both NPC and PC groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The progression of experimental mucositis was comparable at all implant surfaces investigated.
authors: Department of Oral Surgery, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors: Frank
authors: F
authors: Schwarz
authors: Ilja
authors: I
authors: Mihatovic
authors: Vladimir
authors: V
authors: Golubovic
authors: Sigrun
authors: S
authors: Eick
authors: Theresa
authors: T
authors: Iglhaut
authors: Jürgen
authors: J
authors: Becker
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods; D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000032:analysis; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic / Q000032:analysis; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D045662:Dental Etching / Q000379:methods; D015921:Dental Implants; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000517:prevention & control; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000032:analysis; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000032:analysis; D008264:Macrophages / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D020784:Matrix Metalloproteinase 8 / Q000032:analysis; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000032:analysis; D011897:Random Allocation; D013280:Stomatitis / Q000209:etiology*; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry; D015040:Zirconium / Q000737:chemistry; D000097382:CD68 Molecule
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; D003722:Dental Alloys; D015921:Dental Implants; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D016209:Interleukin-8; D020784:Matrix Metalloproteinase 8; D009195:Peroxidase; D014025:Titanium; D015040:Zirconium; C067980:CD68 antigen, human; D000097382:CD68 Molecule
keywords: experimental mucositis; histomorphometry; immunohistochemistry; immunology; surface hydrophilicity