title: Evaluation of four surface coating treatments for resin to zirconia bonding.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effects of four surface coating methods on resin to zirconia shear bond strength.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty pre-sintered zirconia discs were prepared and randomly divided into five study groups according to the corresponding methods of surface treatments as follows: group C (control group, fully sintered without any surface treatment), group S (fully sintered and then sandblasted with silica coated alumina powder), group G (fully sintered and then coated with glazing porcelain followed by acid etching), group Si (pre-coated with silica slurry then fully sintered), and group Z (coated with zirconia particles and then fully sintered). The observation of surface morphology and elemental composition analysis were conducted by SEM and EDX. Self-adhesive resin cement stubs (diameter 3.6mm and height 3mm) were then bonded on the zirconia discs with a cylindrical shape. Both initial and artificial aged (including 30-day water storage, thermal cycling for 3000 and 6000 cycles) shear bond strengths were then evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the tested coating methods showed significantly higher shear bond strengths than the control group, in both dry and aged conditions. Group S produced the strongest initial zirconia/resin bonding (19.7MPa) and the control group had the lowest value (8.8MPa). However, after thermal cycling, group Z exhibited the highest mean value. All the samples in the control group failed in the thermal cycling. Both different coating methods (p<0.001) and various aging treatments (p<0.001) produced significant influence on resin-zirconia shear bond strength.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A reliable and durable resin zirconia bonding is vital for the longevity of dental restorations. Silica coating might be a reliable way in enhancing adhesion between resin and zirconia.
authors: Dental Materials Science, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
authors: Dan
authors: D
authors: Liu
authors: Dental Materials Science, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
authors: Edmond H N
authors: EHN
authors: Pow
authors: Dental Materials Science, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
authors: James Kit-Hon
authors: JK
authors: Tsoi
authors: Dental Materials Science, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China. Electronic address: jpmat@hku.hk.
authors: Jukka P
authors: JP
authors: Matinlinna
mesh_terms: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry*; D001840:Dental Bonding; D008422:Materials Testing; D055595:Mechanical Phenomena; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D033081:Shear Strength; D013499:Surface Properties; D015040:Zirconium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D019279:Resin Cements; D015040:Zirconium; C028541:zirconium oxide
keywords: Adhesion; Resin cement; Sandblasting; Surface coating; Surface treatment; Zirconia