title: Minocycline supplementation for treatment of negative symptoms in early-phase schizophrenia: a double blind, randomized, controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is difficult to improve negative symptoms and cognitive impairments in schizophrenia. A previous pilot study has shown that minocycline, a semi-synthetic second-generation tetracycline, is effective in treating for negative and/or cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study was designed to examine the efficacy and safety of minocycline for the treatment of negative symptoms and cognitive impairments in patients with schizophrenia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-two patients with early stage schizophrenia treated with risperidone entered this 16-week, double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive minocycline (200mg per day) or the placebo. The primary outcome was evaluated using the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS). Secondary outcomes included the response rate of SANS, the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI), and cognitive tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects receiving minocycline had greater improvements on SANS total scores and PANSS negative subscale scores (P<0.001) when compared with those receiving the placebo. Rates of treatment response (43.6%) in the minocycline group were significantly higher than those in the placebo group (10.0%) after 16weeks of treatment. There was no significant difference between the seven cognitive domains (P>0.05), except for the attention domain (P=0.044).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The addition of minocycline to atypical antipsychotic drugs in early schizophrenia had significant efficacy on negative symptoms but had a slight effect on the attention domains of patients with schizophrenia. It may be considered as a new adjunct treatment for negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Clinical trials.gov identifier: NCT01493622.
authors: Mental Health Institute of The Second Xiangya Hospital, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 295 Xican Rd., Kunming, Yunnan, China.
authors: Fang
authors: F
authors: Liu
authors: Mental Health Institute of The Second Xiangya Hospital, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
authors: Xiaofeng
authors: X
authors: Guo
authors: Mental Health Institute of The Second Xiangya Hospital, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
authors: Rengrong
authors: R
authors: Wu
authors: Mental Health Institute of The Second Xiangya Hospital, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
authors: Jianjun
authors: J
authors: Ou
authors: Mental Health Institute of The Second Xiangya Hospital, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
authors: Yingjun
authors: Y
authors: Zheng
authors: First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 295 Xican Rd., Kunming, Yunnan, China.
authors: Bingkui
authors: B
authors: Zhang
authors: First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 295 Xican Rd., Kunming, Yunnan, China.
authors: Liqin
authors: L
authors: Xie
authors: Mental Health Center of Yunnan Province, 733 Chuanjin Rd., Kunming, Yunnan, China.
authors: Limei
authors: L
authors: Zhang
authors: Mental Health Center of Yunnan Province, 733 Chuanjin Rd., Kunming, Yunnan, China.
authors: Li
authors: L
authors: Yang
authors: Mental Health Center of Yunnan Province, 733 Chuanjin Rd., Kunming, Yunnan, China.
authors: Shuyun
authors: S
authors: Yang
authors: Mental Health Center of Yunnan Province, 733 Chuanjin Rd., Kunming, Yunnan, China.
authors: Junwei
authors: J
authors: Yang
authors: Mental Health Center of Yunnan Province, 733 Chuanjin Rd., Kunming, Yunnan, China.
authors: Ye
authors: Y
authors: Ruan
authors: First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 295 Xican Rd., Kunming, Yunnan, China.
authors: Yong
authors: Y
authors: Zeng
authors: First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 295 Xican Rd., Kunming, Yunnan, China.
authors: Xiufeng
authors: X
authors: Xu
authors: Mental Health Institute of The Second Xiangya Hospital, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China. Electronic address: zhaojingpinghunan@163.com.
authors: Jingping
authors: J
authors: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006948:Hyperkinesis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008911:Minocycline / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D018967:Risperidone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D008911:Minocycline; D018967:Risperidone
keywords: Cognition; Minocycline; Negative symptom; Schizophrenia