title: Breast-feeding duration and gluten introduction among mothers with celiac disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Both breast-feeding duration and age at gluten introduction have been implicated in the pathogenesis of celiac disease (CD). We hypothesized that parental CD affects the feeding pattern of the offspring, mediated by parental health awareness increasing adherence to infant feeding guidelines.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospectively collected infant feeding data were obtained through the All Babies in Southeast Sweden study. Information regarding infant feeding was available in 9414 children. Twenty-two mothers had a history of biopsy-verified CD before delivery of a child in the study, and 9392 mothers had no diagnosis of CD before birth and thus constituted the unexposed or control population. Cox regression was used to compare the risk of early weaning and gluten introduction according to parental CD status, and logistic regression to assess whether mothers with CD were more likely to breast-feed their children at gluten introduction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Some 63% of children were breast-fed for at least 9 months. We found no association between maternal CD and early weaning (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.6-1.7), or between paternal CD and early weaning (HR 0.5, 95% CI 0.1-1.9). Sixty percent of children were introduced to gluten in months 5 and 6. Maternal CD was not associated with age at gluten introduction (adjusted HR 0.8, 95% CI 0.6-1.3). There was no statistically significant association between maternal CD and breast-feeding at the time of gluten introduction (odds ratio 1.4, 95% CI 0.4-4.7).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Feeding patterns do not seem to vary between offspring and mothers with CD and those without.
authors: *Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm †Division of Pediatrics, Linköping University, Linköping ‡Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro §Department of Pediatrics, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden.
authors: Adina
authors: A
authors: Welander
authors: Scott
authors: S
authors: Montgomery
authors: Johnny
authors: J
authors: Ludvigsson
authors: Jonas F
authors: JF
authors: Ludvigsson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001942:Breast Feeding / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000523:psychology; D004522:Educational Status; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005983:Glutens / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008423:Maternal Age; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden; D013997:Time Factors; D014886:Weaning
chemical_list: D005983:Glutens