title: Sphingosine kinase 1 regulates measles virus replication.
abstract: Measles virus (MV) manipulates host factors to facilitate virus replication. Sphingosine kinase (SK) is an enzyme catalyzing the formation of sphingosine 1-phosphate and modulates multiple cellular processes including the host defense system. Here, we determined the role of SK1 in MV replication. Overexpression of SK1 enhanced MV replication. In contrast, inhibition of SK impaired viral protein expression and infectious virus production from cells expressing MV receptor, SLAM or Nectin-4. The inhibition of virus replication was observed when the cells were infected by vaccine strain or wild type MV or V/C gene-deficient MV. Importantly, SK inhibition suppressed MV-induced activation of NF-κB. The inhibitors specific to NF-κB signal pathway repressed the synthesis of MV proteins, revealing the importance of NF-κB activation for efficient MV replication. Therefore, SK inhibition restricts MV replication and modulates the NF-κB signal pathway, demonstrating that SK is a cellular factor critical for MV replication.
authors: Departments of Surgery & Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
authors: Madhuvanthi
authors: M
authors: Vijayan
authors: Departments of Surgery & Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
authors: Young-Jin
authors: YJ
authors: Seo
authors: Departments of Surgery & Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
authors: Curtis John
authors: CJ
authors: Pritzl
authors: Departments of Surgery & Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
authors: Sarah Angela
authors: SA
authors: Squires
authors: Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA.
authors: Stephen
authors: S
authors: Alexander
authors: Departments of Surgery & Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65212, USA. Electronic address: hahmb@health.missouri.edu.
authors: Bumsuk
authors: B
authors: Hahm
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008457:Measles / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000821:virology; D008459:Measles virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014779:Virus Replication; D000099157:Sphingosine Kinase
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor); D014764:Viral Proteins; D000099157:Sphingosine Kinase
keywords: Measles virus; NF-κB; Sphingosine kinase