title: [Kindergartners' indoor exposition to tobacco smoke and its influence on cotinine concentration in children's urine].
abstract: The purpose of the research was to study kindergarteners' exposition to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in houses. Social and economical factors were checked for the improper behavior of grown-up household. Material for the research were data collected from questionnaires filled by children's parents. 272 three years old children were studied (57.7% boys and 42.3% girls). Cotinine--marker of exposition to ETS was measured in the children's urine. In 32.4% houses at least one resident was a tobacco smoker. The most often it was father (22.3%) or mother (10.6%). Most of them (78.7%) affirmed tobacco smoking out of houses. Tobacco smoking correlated to parents education (mothers--college graduate and fathers--high-school graduate smoked tobacco the most often). Tobacco smoking by the parents correlated to low household income (less than 1000 zl), many house occupants (4-5 persons), small house area (less than 15 m2/person). A part of studied group of children (11%) was exposed to ETS out of house. Mean cotinine concentration in urine of children exposed and unexposed to ETS in house were not significantly different an were respectively: 25.60 and 21.22 ng/mg creatinine. Propagation of right behavior among people smoking tobacco in houses and education of small children parents is important.
authors: Zaklad Medycyny Rodzinnej i Pielgniarstwa Srodowiskowego, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Biatymstoku ewa.gomolka@uj.edu.pl
authors: Ewa
authors: E
authors: Gomołka
authors: Zaklad Medycyny Rodzinnej i Pielgniarstwa Srodowiskowego, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Biatymstoku
authors: Dorota
authors: D
authors: Bielska
authors: Poradnia Lekarzy Rodzinnych w Biatymstoku.
authors: Katarzyna
authors: K
authors: Nazarko
authors: Uniwersytet Medyczny w Bialymstoku..
authors: Katarzyna
authors: K
authors: Bielska
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000032:analysis* / Q000517:prevention & control; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003367:Cotinine / Q000652:urine*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis* / Q000517:prevention & control; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents / Q000193:education*; D011044:Poland; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000032:analysis* / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D003367:Cotinine