title: Hyperproteic hypocaloric enteral nutrition in the critically ill patient: A randomized controlled clinical trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Our aim was to evaluate the impact of hyperproteic hypocaloric enteral feeding on clinical outcomes in critically ill patients, particularly on severity of organic failure measured with the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA).
  
  
  METHODS
  In a double blind clinical trial, 80 critically ill adult patients were randomized to hyperproteic hypocaloric or to isocaloric enteral nutrition; all patients completed follow-up of at least 4 days. Prescribed caloric intake was: Hyperproteic hypocaloric enteral nutrition (15 kcal/kg with 1.7 g/kg of protein) or isocaloric enteral nutrition (25 kcal/kg with 20% of the calories as protein). The main outcome was the differences in delta SOFA at 48 h. Secondary outcomes were intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay, days on ventilator, hyperglycemic events, and insulin requirements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no differences in SOFA score at baseline (7.5 (standard deviation (SD) 2.9) vs 6.7 (SD 2.5) P = 0.17). The total amount of calories delivered was similarly low in both groups (12 kcal/kg in intervention group vs 14 kcal/kg in controls), but proteic delivery was significantly different (1.4 vs 0.76 g/kg, respectively P ≤ 0.0001). The intervention group showed an improvement in SOFA score at 48 h (delta SOFA 1.7 (SD 1.9) vs 0.7 (SD 2.8) P = 0.04) and less hyperglycemic episodes per day (1.0 (SD 1.3) vs 1.7 (SD 2.5) P = 0.017).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Enteral hyperproteic hypocaloric nutrition therapy could be associated with a decrease in multiple organ failure measured with SOFA score. We also found decreased hyperglycemia and a trend towards less mechanical ventilation days and ICU length of stay.
authors: Department of Surgery, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Medical School, Bogotá, Colombia.
authors: Saúl-Javier
authors: SJ
authors: Rugeles
authors: Department of Surgery, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Medical School, Bogotá, Colombia ; Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Medical School, Bogotá, Colombia.
authors: Juan-David
authors: JD
authors: Rueda
authors: Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Medical School, Bogotá, Colombia.
authors: Carlos-Eduardo
authors: CE
authors: Díaz
authors: Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Medical School, Bogotá, Colombia.
authors: Diego
authors: D
authors: Rosselli
keywords: Colombia; critical care; hypocaloric enteral nutrition; permissive underfeeding; randomized controlled trial