title: The impact of inoculation rate and order on physicochemical, microstructural and sensory attributes of probiotic doogh.
abstract: Effects of inoculation level (4 or 8-fold compared to standard inoculation) and order (standard inoculation before fermentation and 3-fold inoculation at the end of fermentation = 1+3, Two-fold inoculation before fermentation and the same at the end of fermentation = 2+2, 2+6, 4-fold before fermentation = 4, 4+4, and 8) of culture inoculums containing probiotics on viscosity, phase separation, particle size analysis, microstructure and sensory attributes of probiotic Doogh were studied. The probiotic microorganisms were Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 and Bifidobacterium lactis BB-12. Treatments with 2- and 4-fold inoculation before fermentation had the highest instrumental viscosity and surface tension at the end of fermentation. The size diameter of particles in the structure of treatment 8I was significantly (p < 0.05) smaller than I after stirring with a Lab stirrer (1500 rpm), and even after homogenization with a homogenizer (150 bar). 8I was an un-uniform, disintegrated and clumped structure with limited junctions in its network that resulted in a weak structure with bigger particles after agitation and smaller particles after stirring and homogenization compared to other treatments. This treatment also had the lowest record in ranking sensory test among treatments with a mixed culture-like and vinegary-like taint. Overall, treatments with 2- and 4-fold inoculation were realized as the best from the sum of physiochemical and sensory properties point of view.
authors: Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 19395-4741, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Said Reza
authors: SR
authors: Rahmdar
authors: Skin Research Center, Vice Presidency of Research and Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 19395-4741, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Mohammad
authors: M
authors: Rahmati Roudsari
authors: Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 19395-4741, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Ahmad
authors: A
authors: Javanmard
authors: Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences, Food Science and Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 19395-4741, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Amir Mohammad
authors: AM
authors: Mortazavian
authors: Department of Food Technology Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 19395-4741, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Sara
authors: S
authors: Sohrabvandi
keywords: Doogh; Inoculation; Probiotic; Texture