title: Switch-associated protein 70 antibodies in multiple sclerosis: possible association with disease progression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was conducted to identify a biomarker for multiple sclerosis (MS) that can be used as a predictor of relapse and disability.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sera of 26 consecutive relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients were screened for switch-associated protein 70 (SWAP-70) antibody, which was previously identified by protein macroarray. The serum levels of several cytokines, chemokines and soluble adhesion molecules related to MS attacks were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A possible correlation was sought among levels of SWAP-70 antibody, measured humoral factors and disability scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ELISA studies showed high-titre SWAP-70 antibodies in 16 (61.5%) RRMS sera obtained during the attack period and 9 (34.6%) sera obtained during remission. There was a significant inverse correlation between SWAP-70 antibody levels and expanded disability status scale scores, CXCL10, soluble VCAM-1, CXCL13 and soluble VLA-4 levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results showed that SWAP-70 antibodies could potentially be utilized as relapse and prognostic biomarkers in MS. Whether or not SWAP-70 antibodies have any effect on disease mechanisms requires further investigation.
authors: Department of Neurology, Haydarpasa Numune Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: Recai
authors: R
authors: Türkoğlu
authors: Mehmet
authors: M
authors: Gencer
authors: Duygu
authors: D
authors: Ekmekçi
authors: Canan
authors: C
authors: Ulusoy
authors: Ece
authors: E
authors: Erdağ
authors: Elçin
authors: E
authors: Sehitoğlu
authors: Filiz
authors: F
authors: Cavuş
authors: Hazal
authors: H
authors: Haytural
authors: Melike
authors: M
authors: Küçükerden
authors: Nazlı
authors: N
authors: Yalçınkaya
authors: Selin
authors: S
authors: Turan
authors: Deniz
authors: D
authors: Akbaş-Demir
authors: Arzu
authors: A
authors: Coban
authors: Burçak
authors: B
authors: Vural
authors: Erdem
authors: E
authors: Tüzün
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D020662:Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015778:Minor Histocompatibility Antigens; D020529:Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting / Q000276:immunology*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D020662:Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D015778:Minor Histocompatibility Antigens; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C491873:SWAP70 protein, human