title: Modulating plant primary amino acid metabolism as a necrotrophic virulence strategy: the immune-regulatory role of asparagine synthetase in Botrytis cinerea-tomato interaction.
abstract: The fungal plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea is the causal agent of the "gray mold" disease on a broad range of hosts. As an archetypal necrotroph, B. cinerea has evolved multiple virulence strategies for inducing cell death in its host. Moreover, progress of B. cinerea colonization is commonly associated with induction of senescence in the host tissue, even in non-invaded regions. In a recent study, we showed that abscisic acid deficiency in the sitiens tomato mutant culminates in an anti-senescence defense mechanism which effectively contributes to resistance against B. cinerea infection. Conversely, in susceptible wild-type tomato a strong induction of senescence could be observed following B. cinerea infection. Building upon this earlier work, we here discuss the immune-regulatory role of a key senescence-associated protein, asparagine synthetase. We found that infection of wild-type tomato leads to a strong transcriptional upregulation of asparagine synthetase, followed by a severe depletion of asparagine titers. In contrast, resistant sitiens plants displayed a strong induction of asparagine throughout the course of infection. We hypothesize that rapid activation of asparagine synthetase in susceptible tomato may play a dual role in promoting Botrytis cinerea pathogenesis by providing a rich source of N for the pathogen, on the one hand, and facilitating pathogen-induced host senescence, on the other.
authors: Laboratory of Phytopathology; Department of Crop Protection; Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Ghent University; Ghent, Belgium.
authors: Hamed
authors: H
authors: Seifi
authors: Laboratory of Phytopathology; Department of Crop Protection; Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Ghent University; Ghent, Belgium.
authors: David
authors: D
authors: De Vleesschauwer
authors: Laboratory of SDRP-URVVC EA 4707; University of Reims; Campus Moulin de la Housse; Cedex 2, France.
authors: Aziz
authors: A
authors: Aziz
authors: Laboratory of Phytopathology; Department of Crop Protection; Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Ghent University; Ghent, Belgium.
authors: Monica
authors: M
authors: Höfte
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D001216:Asparagine / Q000378:metabolism; D001217:Aspartate-Ammonia Ligase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020171:Botrytis / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000276:immunology*; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000382:microbiology / Q000502:physiology; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000502:physiology; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D001216:Asparagine; D001217:Aspartate-Ammonia Ligase
keywords: Botrytis cinerea; amino acid metabolism; asparagine synthetase; gray mold; necrotrophic pathogen; senescence; senescence-associated genes