title: Low serum level of secreted frizzled-related protein 5, an anti-inflammatory adipokine, is associated with coronary artery disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Secreted frizzled-related protein 5 (SFRP5) is an anti-inflammatory adipokine that is associated with insulin resistance in animals. To extend these observations to humans, we investigated the association of serum SFRP5 levels in subjects with and without coronary artery disease (CAD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects (n=185, 68±11 years, 79% male) suspected of having CAD were enrolled in the study and were divided into two groups, CAD and non-CAD subjects, according to the results of their coronary angiographies. Serum SFRP5 levels of the subjects were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The serum SFRP5 levels in the subjects with CAD were significantly lower than those in the non-CAD subjects (median [interquartile range]: 47.7 [26.6] vs. 52.4 [29.6] ng/mL, respectively; p=0.02). The serum SFRP5 levels significantly correlated with body mass index, the homeostasis model of assessment of insulin resistance, adiponectin levels, and CAD severity. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that a decreased serum SFRP5 level (log transformed) was independently associated with CAD for all subjects (adjusted odds ratio, 0.36; 95% confidence interval, 0.14-0.94; p=0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum SFRP5 levels are significantly associated with CAD in humans, suggesting that low SFRP5 levels may contribute to CAD.
authors: Department of Cardiovascular Therapeutics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan. Electronic address: miyoshit@cc.okayama-u.ac.jp.
authors: Toru
authors: T
authors: Miyoshi
authors: Department of Cardiology, Kagawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Kagawa, Japan.
authors: Masayuki
authors: M
authors: Doi
authors: Department of Medical Technology, Okayama University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
authors: Shinichi
authors: S
authors: Usui
authors: Department of Cardiology, Kagawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Kagawa, Japan.
authors: Mutsumi
authors: M
authors: Iwamoto
authors: Department of Cardiology, Kagawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Kagawa, Japan.
authors: Masahito
authors: M
authors: Kajiya
authors: Department of Cardiology, Kagawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Kagawa, Japan.
authors: Ko
authors: K
authors: Takeda
authors: Department of Cardiology, Kagawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Kagawa, Japan.
authors: Kazumasa
authors: K
authors: Nosaka
authors: Department of Cardiology, Kagawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Kagawa, Japan.
authors: Rie
authors: R
authors: Nakayama
authors: Department of Cardiology, Kagawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Kagawa, Japan.
authors: Keisuke
authors: K
authors: Okawa
authors: Department of Cardiology, Kagawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Kagawa, Japan.
authors: Wataru
authors: W
authors: Takagi
authors: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
authors: Kazufumi
authors: K
authors: Nakamura
authors: International Center, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
authors: Satoshi
authors: S
authors: Hirohata
authors: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Ito
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D054392:Adipokines / Q000097:blood*; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015897:Comorbidity; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000453:epidemiology; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D000094742:Secreted Frizzled-Related Proteins
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D054392:Adipokines; D052242:Adiponectin; D005136:Eye Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; C118511:SFRP5 protein, human; D000094742:Secreted Frizzled-Related Proteins
keywords: Adipokine; Coronary artery disease; Inflammation; Obesity; Secreted frizzled-related protein 5