title: Verruciform xanthoma of the palatal gingiva: a report of two cases.
abstract: Verruciform xanthoma (VX) is a rare, benign lesion that presents in the oral cavity, skin, or genital organs as a verrucous, papillomatous, or flat papule with varying colors. VX has indistinct clinical features, making histopathological examination necessary for a definitive diagnosis. Histologically, VX is characterized by parakeratosis, rete ridges with uniform depth, and an accumulation of the foam cells, which are also known as the "xanthoma cells". These foam cells test positive for antibodies, such as CD-68 and vimentin; it is thought that VX foam cells are derived from the monocyte-macrophage lineage, and that VX's pathogenic mechanism is partly related to an immune mechanism. Nevertheless, the pathogenesis of VX remains unclear. VX can be treated by surgical excision; other medical, chemical, and radiological treatments are not required postoperatively. Recurrence and malignant transformation of VX are rare. Two patients, each with a mass of unknown origin on the palatal gingiva, were presented at our clinic. Excisional biopsies of the masses were performed for a histological diagnosis after clinical and radiological examinations. Histological examination confirmed a diagnosis of VX in both cases.
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Da Jung
authors: DJ
authors: Ryu
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Sang Hoon
authors: SH
authors: Lee
authors: Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Jong In
authors: JI
authors: Yuk
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Hyung Jun
authors: HJ
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Joing-Ki
authors: JK
authors: Huh
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Kwang-Ho
authors: KH
authors: Park
keywords: Foam cells; Immune mechanism; Mouth; Verruciform xanthoma