title: Minorities remain underrepresented in HIV/AIDS research despite access to clinical trials.
abstract: The reasons for minority underrepresentation in HIV/AIDS clinical trials remain unclear. We aimed to evaluate the knowledge, experience, and factors that influence minority participation in HIV/AIDS studies in the United States.
  
  
  
  An anonymous, bilingual, self-administered survey on study participation was given to HIV-infected adults attending AIDS Clinical Trials Group-affiliated clinics in the United States and Puerto Rico. Chi-square tests were used to evaluate differences by race, first language, and level of education. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for factors associated with being talked to about participation in a study.
  
  
  
  We analyzed 2,175 complete surveys (221 in Spanish). Among respondents, 31% were White, 40% were Black/African American (AA), and 21% were Hispanic. The overall rate of previous participation in any HIV/AIDS study was 48%. Hispanics were less likely to know about studies compared to Whites and AAs (67% vs 74% and 76%, respectively; P < .001). Compared to Whites, AAs and Hispanics were less likely to have been talked to about participating in a study (76% vs 67% and 67%, respectively; P < .001). The OR for being talked to about participating in a study was 0.65 (95% CI, 0.52-0.81) for AAs and 0.65 (95% CI, 0.49-0.85) for Hispanics, compared to Whites. AAs and Hispanics were more likely to state that studies were not friendly to their race (17% and 10% vs 4%; P < .001).
  
  
  
  Minorities continue to face barriers for HIV/AIDS trial participation, even when clinical research is available. Enrollment strategies should better target minorities to improve recruitment in HIV/AIDS research.
authors: University of Colorado-AMC, Aurora, Colorado.
authors: Jose R
authors: JR
authors: Castillo-Mancilla
authors: Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
authors: Susan E
authors: SE
authors: Cohn
authors: Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors: Supriya
authors: S
authors: Krishnan
authors: New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York.
authors: Michelle
authors: M
authors: Cespedes
authors: University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
authors: Michelle
authors: M
authors: Floris-Moore
authors: Social and Scientific Systems, Silver Spring, Maryland.
authors: Gail
authors: G
authors: Schulte
authors: Frontier Science & Technology Research Foundation, Inc, Amherst, New York.
authors: Gregory
authors: G
authors: Pavlov
authors: Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, New York.
authors: Donna
authors: D
authors: Mildvan
authors: Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.
authors: Kimberly Y
authors: KY
authors: Smith
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000208:ethnology; D001741:Black or African American; D035843:Biomedical Research; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000208:ethnology; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008913:Minority Groups
keywords: AIDS; HIV; clinical trials; minority; research participation; underrepresented