title: Nonlinear dose-dependent impact of D1 receptor activation on motor cortex plasticity in humans.
abstract: The neuromodulator dopamine plays an important role in synaptic plasticity. The effects are determined by receptor subtype specificity, concentration level, and the kind of neuroplasticity induced. D1-like receptors have been proposed to be involved in cognitive processes via their impact on plasticity. Cognitive studies in humans and animals revealed a dosage-dependent effect of D1-like receptor activation on task performance. In humans, D1-like receptor activation re-establishes plasticity under D2 receptor block. However, a dosage-dependent effect has not been explored so far. To determine the impact of the amount of D1-like receptor activation on neuroplasticity in humans, we combined sulpiride, a selective D2 receptor antagonist, with the dopamine precursor l-DOPA (25, 100, and 200 mg) or applied placebo medication. The impact on plasticity induced by anodal and cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) was compared with the impact on plasticity induced by excitatory and inhibitory paired associative stimulation (PAS) at the primary motor cortex of healthy humans. Stimulation-generated cortical excitability alterations were monitored by transcranial magnetic stimulation-induced motor-evoked potential amplitudes. D1-like receptor activation produced an inverted U-shaped dose-response curve on plasticity induced by both facilitatory tDCS and PAS. For excitability-diminishing tDCS and PAS, aftereffects were abolished or converted trendwise into facilitation. These data extend findings of dose-dependent inverted U-shaped effects of D1 receptor activation on neuroplasticity of the motor cortex.
authors: Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Georg-August-University, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.
authors: Shane
authors: S
authors: Fresnoza
authors: Walter
authors: W
authors: Paulus
authors: Michael A
authors: MA
authors: Nitsche
authors: Min-Fang
authors: MF
authors: Kuo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015259:Dopamine Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D019054:Evoked Potentials, Motor / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007980:Levodopa / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics; D017447:Receptors, Dopamine D1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D013469:Sulpiride / Q000494:pharmacology; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
chemical_list: D015259:Dopamine Agents; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists; D017447:Receptors, Dopamine D1; D007980:Levodopa; D013469:Sulpiride
keywords: dopamine; dopamine receptors; neuroplasticity; paired associative stimulation; transcranial direct current stimulation; transcranial magnetic stimulation