title: Development and evaluation of the Korean version of the Gynecologic Cancer Lymphedema Questionnaire in gynecologic cancer survivors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was two-fold: first, to develop a Korean version of the Gynecologic Cancer Lymphedema Questionnaire (GCLQ-K) and evaluate its reliability and reproducibility and second, to examine the diagnostic efficacy of GCLQ-K in predicting lymphedema in gynecologic cancer survivors.
  
  
  METHODS
  We designed a case-control study, and the GCLQ-K was completed by 33 gynecologic cancer survivors with lymphedema and 34 gynecologic cancer survivors without lymphedema. A follow-up GCLQ-K was completed 3weeks after the baseline questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The GCLQ-K showed high reliability with a Cronbach's α of 0.83 and high reproducibility with an intraclass correlation of 0.96. Of the 7 symptom clusters, 6 identified patients with lymphedema with statistical significance; identification of lymphedema using the physical functioning and infection-related symptom clusters did not reach significance. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) to distinguish patients with and without lymphedema was 0.868 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.779-0.956). Following the exclusion of the physical functioning and infection-related symptom clusters, which showed poor prediction value for lymphedema, the AUC of the GCLQ-K total score further improved to 0.922 (95% CI, 0.864-0.981).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The GCLQ-K was successfully developed with minimal modifications to adapt the original GCLQ to the Korean culture and showed high internal consistency and reproducibility. Moreover, gynecologic cancer survivors with and without lymphedema could be satisfactorily distinguished using the GCLQ-K. Thus, GCLQ-K was proven to be a reliable tool, capable of identifying lymphedema in Korean gynecological cancer survivors.
authors: Center for Uterine Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, 323, Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410-769, Republic of Korea; Gynecologic Cancer Branch, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, 323, Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410-769, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: gynlim@gmail.com.
authors: Myong Cheol
authors: MC
authors: Lim
authors: Center for Uterine Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, 323, Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410-769, Republic of Korea.
authors: Jeong Seon
authors: JS
authors: Lee
authors: Biometric Research Branch, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, 323, Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410-769, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: Jooj@ncc.re.kr.
authors: Jungnam
authors: J
authors: Joo
authors: Biometric Research Branch, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, 323, Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410-769, Republic of Korea.
authors: Kibyung
authors: K
authors: Park
authors: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Chungnam National University Hospital, 33, Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon 301-721, Republic of Korea.
authors: Heon Jong
authors: HJ
authors: Yoo
authors: Center for Uterine Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, 323, Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410-769, Republic of Korea.
authors: Sang-Soo
authors: SS
authors: Seo
authors: Center for Uterine Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, 323, Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410-769, Republic of Korea; Gynecologic Cancer Branch, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, 323, Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410-769, Republic of Korea.
authors: Sokbom
authors: S
authors: Kang
authors: Rehabilitation Medicine, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, 323, Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410-769, Republic of Korea.
authors: Seung Hyun
authors: SH
authors: Chung
authors: Center for Uterine Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, 323, Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410-769, Republic of Korea; Gynecologic Cancer Branch, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, 323, Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410-769, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: parksang@ncc.re.kr.
authors: Sang-Yoon
authors: SY
authors: Park
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019540:Area Under Curve; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000009:adverse effects; D008209:Lymphedema / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: Gynecologic cancer; Gynecologic cancer lymphedema questionnaire; Lymphedema; Validation