title: Measurement of implant deployment and related forces in kyphoplasty by percutaneous approach.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures using a transpedicular approach and cement injection has grown significantly over the last two decades.
  
  
  METHODS
  The aim was to study the deployment of an implant dedicated to the vertebral augmentation by percutaneous approach (kyphoplasty). Its kinematics and the related forces have been investigated. A theoretical model of deployment has been proposed and the ancillary was instrumented with strain gauges and Hall effect sensors to measure kinematics and force in the deployment actuator (tensile rod). The methodology was first evaluated ex-vivo in a test-bench with boundary conditions monitored by a tensile machine. Then, a cadaver study was carried out in three lumbar and thoracic vertebral segments of normal and osteoporotic spines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The relationships between ancillary internal forces, deployment, and cranio-caudal pushing force have been obtained. The test-bench experiment showed quasi-proportional relationship between force distribution and kinematics during the deployment. Ex-vivo cranio-caudal pushing forces were measured. Cadaver studies showed cranio-caudal pushing forces comprised between 100N and 200N. These forces were dependent upon the implant location in the vertebral body and bone stock.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The methodology was related to the analysis of load distribution and kinematics of a deployable implant for vertebral augmentation. The ancillary instrumentation contributed to the objective quantification of the surgical technique. The cadaver study in normal and osteoporotic spines exhibited the role of bone properties and implant location in implant deployment. This pilot study showed a methodology to improve the kyphoplasty surgery and patient comfort in clinical routine.
authors: IMFT UMR 5502, University of Toulouse, 2 allées C. Soula, 31400 Toulouse, France; VEXIM SA, 75 rue Saint Jean, 31130 Balma, France.
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Bolzinger
authors: VEXIM SA, 75 rue Saint Jean, 31130 Balma, France.
authors: J F
authors: JF
authors: Oglaza
authors: Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg GmbH, Location Marburg, Baldingerstraße, D-35043 Marburg, Germany.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Krüger
authors: IMFT UMR 5502, University of Toulouse, 2 allées C. Soula, 31400 Toulouse, France. Electronic address: pascal.swider@univ-tlse3.fr.
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Swider
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001843:Bone Cements / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002102:Cadaver; D050815:Fractures, Compression / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007270:Injections, Intra-Articular; D058498:Kyphoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000601:surgery; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D058866:Osteoporotic Fractures / Q000628:therapy*; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D016103:Spinal Fractures / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001843:Bone Cements
keywords: Analytical model; Deployable implant; Experimental method; Instrumented ancillary; Kyphoplasty surgery