title: Cardiac involvement in antiphospholipid syndrome associated with Sneddon syndrome: a challenging diagnosis.
abstract: Sneddon syndrome is a rare clinical entity characterized by the association of ischemic cerebrovascular disease and livedo reticularis. The authors report a case of stroke and myocardial infarction in a 39-year-old man with Sneddon syndrome and antiphospholipid syndrome who subsequently met some criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus, highlighting the complexity of cardiovascular involvement in systemic diseases.
authors: Serviço de Cardiologia, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Hospital Geral, Coimbra, Portugal. Electronic address: anacatarina.faustino@gmail.com.
authors: Ana
authors: A
authors: Faustino
authors: Serviço de Cardiologia, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Hospital Geral, Coimbra, Portugal.
authors: Luís
authors: L
authors: Paiva
authors: Serviço de Neurologia, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Hospital Geral, Coimbra, Portugal.
authors: Ana
authors: A
authors: Morgadinho
authors: Serviço de Medicina Interna, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Hospital Geral, Coimbra, Portugal.
authors: Emília
authors: E
authors: Trigo
authors: Serviço de Cardiologia, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Hospital Geral, Coimbra, Portugal.
authors: Ana
authors: A
authors: Botelho
authors: Serviço de Cardiologia, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Hospital Geral, Coimbra, Portugal.
authors: Marco
authors: M
authors: Costa
authors: Serviço de Cardiologia, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Hospital Geral, Coimbra, Portugal.
authors: António
authors: A
authors: Leitão-Marques
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016736:Antiphospholipid Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000209:etiology*; D018860:Sneddon Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology*
keywords: Acidente vascular cerebral; Antiphospholipid syndrome; Enfarte agudo do miocárdio; Livedo reticularis; Lúpus eritematoso sistémico; Myocardial infarction; Sneddon syndrome; Stroke; Systemic lupus erythematosus; Síndroma antifosfolipídica; Síndroma de Sneddon