title: Estrogen receptors, the hippocampus, and memory.
abstract: Estradiol effects on memory depend on hormone levels and the interaction of different estrogen receptors within neural circuits. Estradiol induces gene transcription and rapid membrane signaling mediated by estrogen receptor-alpha (ERα), estrogen receptor-beta (ERβ), and a recently characterized G-protein coupled estrogen receptor, each with distinct distributions and ability to influence estradiol-dependent signaling. Investigations using receptor specific agonists suggest that all three receptors rapidly activate kinase-signaling and have complex dose-dependent influences on memory. Research employing receptor knockout mice demonstrate that ERα maintains transcription and memory as estradiol levels decline. This work indicates a regulatory role of ERβ in transcription and cognition, which depends on estradiol levels and the function of ERα. The regulatory role of ERβ is due in part to ERβ acting as a negative regulator of ERα-mediated transcription. Vector-mediated expression of estrogen receptors in the hippocampus provides an innovative research approach and suggests that memory depends on the relative expression of ERα and ERβ interacting with estradiol levels. Notably, the ability of estradiol to improve cognition declines with advanced age along with decreased expression of estrogen receptors. Thus, it will be important for future research to determine the mechanisms that regulate estrogen receptor expression during aging.
authors: Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
authors: Linda A
authors: LA
authors: Bean
authors: Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA Genetics and Genomics Program, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
authors: Lara
authors: L
authors: Ianov
authors: Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA Genetics and Genomics Program, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA foster1@ufl.edu.
authors: Thomas C
authors: TC
authors: Foster
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology*; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D011960:Receptors, Estrogen
keywords: aging; estrogen; estrogen receptor-alpha (ERα); hippocampus; memory