title: Differentiation of trophoblast cells from human embryonic stem cells: to be or not to be?
abstract: It is imperative to unveil the full range of differentiated cell types into which human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) can develop. The need is twofold: it will delimit the therapeutic utility of these stem cells and is necessary to place their position accurately in the developmental hierarchy of lineage potential. Accumulated evidence suggested that hPSC could develop in vitro into an extraembryonic lineage (trophoblast (TB)) that is typically inaccessible to pluripotent embryonic cells during embryogenesis. However, whether these differentiated cells are truly authentic TB has been challenged. In this debate, we present a case for and a case against TB differentiation from hPSCs. By analogy to other differentiation systems, our debate is broadly applicable, as it articulates higher and more challenging standards for judging whether a given cell type has been genuinely produced from hPSC differentiation.
authors: Division of Animal Sciences.
authors: R Michael
authors: RM
authors: Roberts
authors: Kyle M
authors: KM
authors: Loh
authors: Mitsuyoshi
authors: M
authors: Amita
authors: Andreia S
authors: AS
authors: Bernardo
authors: Katsuyuki
authors: K
authors: Adachi
authors: Andrei P
authors: AP
authors: Alexenko
authors: Danny J
authors: DJ
authors: Schust
authors: Laura C
authors: LC
authors: Schulz
authors: Bhanu Prakash V L
authors: BP
authors: Telugu
authors: Toshihiko
authors: T
authors: Ezashi
authors: Roger A
authors: RA
authors: Pedersen
mesh_terms: D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D019070:Cell Lineage; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D009024:Morphogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D010920:Placenta / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D014327:Trophoblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology