title: In vitro and in vivo direct monitoring of miRNA-22 expression in isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy by bioluminescence imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Growing evidence suggests that microRNAs (miRNAs) play key roles in cardiac hypertrophy. To measure the expression of endogenous miRNAs is very conducive to understanding the importance of miRNAs in cardiac hypertrophy. However, current methods to monitor endogenous miRNA levels, such as Northern blotting, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and microarrays cannot provide real-time information on miRNA biogenesis in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  We constructed a miRNA reporter imaging system to monitor miR-22 expression in isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy repetitively and noninvasively. There were three copies of the antisense of miR-22 (3×PT_miR-22) cloned into the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of the Gaussia luciferase (Gluc) reporter genes under the control of the cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter in this miRNA reporter system (CMV/Gluc/3×PT_miR-22). CMV/firefly luciferase (Fluc) was used as a positive control for imaging of miR-22 expression. Meanwhile, quantifications of miR-22 in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and in mouse cardiac hypertrophy induced by isoproterenol stimulation were measured by qRT-PCR. Furthermore, we used this miRNA reporter imaging system to appraise the antihypertrophic effect of antagomir-22 in vitro and in vivo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The bioluminescence signals of the CMV/Gluc/3×PT_miR-22 were gradually decreased with prolongation of isoproterenol intervention in vitro and in vivo. Overexpression of miR-22 was observed in cardiac hypertrophy, and markedly administration of antagomir-22 could reverse the upregulation of miR-22 and its prohypertrophic effects. Furthermore, knockdown of miR-22 by antagomir-22 could markedly reverse the repressed Gluc activities in vitro and in vivo. However, the Fluc activity of CMV/Fluc was not affected with isoproterenol treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study elucidates the feasibility of using our constructed miRNA reporter imaging system to monitor the location and magnitude of expression levels of miR-22 in cardiac hypertrophy in vitro and in vivo.
authors: Radiology Department and Molecular Imaging Center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, People's Republic of China, tyfdoctor@163.com.
authors: Yingfeng
authors: Y
authors: Tu
authors: Lin
authors: L
authors: Wan
authors: Dongliang
authors: D
authors: Zhao
authors: Lihong
authors: L
authors: Bu
authors: Dandan
authors: D
authors: Dong
authors: Zheyu
authors: Z
authors: Yin
authors: Zhen
authors: Z
authors: Cheng
authors: Baozhong
authors: B
authors: Shen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006332:Cardiomegaly / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism*; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000633:toxicity; D049409:Luciferases, Firefly / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008163:Luminescent Measurements / Q000379:methods*; D051379:Mice; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051598:Whole Body Imaging / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs; C574876:Mirn22 microRNA, mouse; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D049409:Luciferases, Firefly; D007545:Isoproterenol