title: Current drug treatment, chronic and acute.
abstract: The appropriate management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) involves more than taking prescription medicines. The key components have been set out in detail in many treatment guidelines, both national and international. They include the avoidance of identified risk factors, especially tobacco smoking, and the optimization of daily physical activity. This article reviews the key components of the pharmacologic treatment of COPD, both acute and chronic, with an emphasis on those recent studies, which are likely to change practice in the next few years.
authors: Respiratory Research, Clinical Sciences Department, Institute of Ageing & Chronic Diseases, University Hospital Aintree, Lower Lane, Liverpool L9 7AL, UK. Electronic address: pmacal@liverpool.ac.uk.
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Calverley
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000631:Aminopyridines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001549:Benzamides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003521:Cyclopropanes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006801:Humans; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D058988:Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000631:Aminopyridines; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001549:Benzamides; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists; D058988:Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitors; C424423:Roflumilast
keywords: Bronchodilators; COPD and exacerbations; Inhaled corticosteroids