title: Evolution of the biochemical profile of children treated or undergoing treatment for moderate or severe stunting: consequences of metabolic programming?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  to evaluate changes in the biochemical profile of children treated or being treated for moderate or severe stunting in a nutrition recovery and education center.
  
  
  METHODS
  this was a retrospective longitudinal study of 263 children treated at this center between August of 2008 to August of 2011, aged 1 to 6 years, diagnosed with moderate (z-score of height-for-age [HAZ] < -2) or severe stunting (HAZ < -3). Data were collected on socioeconomic conditions, dietary habits, and biochemical changes, as well as height according to age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  the nutritional intervention showed an increase in HAZ of children with moderate (0.51 ± 0.4, p = 0.001) and severe (0.91 ± 0.7, p = 0.001) stunting during the monitoring. Increased levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) (initial: 71.7 ng/dL; final: 90.4 ng/dL; p = 0.01) were also observed, as well as a reduction in triglycerides (TG) in both severely (initial: 91.8mg/dL; final: 79.1mg/dL; p = 0.01) and in moderately malnourished children (initial: 109.2mg/dL; final 88.7mg/dL; p = 0.01), and a significant increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol HDL-C only in the third year of intervention (initial: 31.4mg/dL; final: 42.2mg/dL). The values of total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels remained high throughout the treatment (initial: 165.1mg/dL; final: 163.5mg/dL and initial: 109.0mg/dL; final: 107.3mg/dL, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  the nutritional treatment for children with short stature was effective in reducing stunting and improving TG and HDL-C after three years of intervention. However, the levels of LDL-C and TC remained high even in treated children. It is therefore speculated that these changes may result from metabolic programming due to malnutrition.
authors: School of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL), Maceió, AL, Brazil.
authors: Jullyana F R
authors: JF
authors: Alves
authors: Department of Physiology, Discipline of Nutritional Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors: Revilane P A
authors: RP
authors: Britto
authors: School of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL), Maceió, AL, Brazil.
authors: Haroldo S
authors: HS
authors: Ferreira
authors: Department of Physiology, Discipline of Nutritional Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors: Ana L
authors: AL
authors: Sawaya
authors: School of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL), Maceió, AL, Brazil. Electronic address: telmatf_al@hotmail.com.
authors: Telma M M T
authors: TM
authors: Florêncio
mesh_terms: D001827:Body Height / Q000502:physiology*; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000032:analysis*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D008055:Lipids; D014280:Triglycerides; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D002784:Cholesterol
keywords: Dislipidemias; Doenças metabólicas; Dyslipidemia; Fator de crescimento insulina‐símile I; Insulin growth factor‐like I; Metabolic diseases; Nanismo; Nutritional recovery; Recuperação nutricional; Stunting