title: Surgical menopause and cognitive decline.
abstract: Aging is the strongest risk factor for cognitive decline. The perimenopausal period puts women in a more vulnerable state in regard to certain functions such as memory. Also, the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS) pointed at some cognitive adverse effects of postmenopausal hormone therapy, but these results were not relevant for the peri- and early menopause since WHIMS recruited women above the age of 65 years. The 'window of opportunity' theory, pointing at potential protective effects of postmenopausal hormone therapy in the early menopause, mainly applies to coronary artery disease, but clinical data on neuroprotection by estrogen are not consistent. In view of a recent publication, the following article discusses the issue of menopause and cognitive decline, with a focus on possible associations with surgical menopause.
authors: Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University , Tel-Aviv , Israel.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Pines
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008594:Menopause, Premature / Q000187:drug effects / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D016387:Women's Health
keywords: ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE; COGNITIVE DECLINE; HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY; SURGICAL MENOPAUSE; WOMEN’S HEALTH INITIATIVE MEMORY STUDY