title: Gene expression profiling of CD4⁺ T cells in treatment-naive HIV, HCV mono- or co-infected Chinese.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Because of the shared transmission routes, co-infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HIV) is very common. Accumulated clinical evidence showed that one could alter the infectious course of the other virus in HIV and HCV co-infected individuals. However, little is known on the molecular basis of HIV/HCV interactions and their modulations on hosts.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, treatment-naive HIV, HCV mono-/co-infected individuals with CD4⁺ T cell counts >300/μl were recruited and their gene expression profiles were investigated by microarray assays. The differentially expressed genes were identified and validated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). To further understand the biological meanings of the gene expression profiles in these three groups, GSEA analysis (version 2.0, Broad Institute http://www.broad.mit.edu/gsea) was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  By gene set enrichment analysis, we revealed that gene sets of cell cycle progression, innate immune response and some transcription factors in CD4⁺ T cells were mainly affected by HIV; while genes associated with GPCR signaling were the major targets of HCV. Metabolic pathways were modulated by both HCV and HIV viruses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study for the first time offers gene profiling basis for HCV/HIV mono-/co- infections in human beings. HIV infection displayed the great impact on transcription profile of CD4⁺ T cells in HIV/HCV co-infected individuals. Genes related to cell cycle arrest were significantly mediated by HIV which may lead to dysfunction of CD4⁺ T cells and acceleration of HCV-related disease progression in the co-infections.
authors: Lina
authors: L
authors: Yi
authors: Jin
authors: J
authors: Zhao
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: Lu
authors: Ying
authors: Y
authors: Chen
authors: Lin
authors: L
authors: Chen
authors: Jinquan
authors: J
authors: Cheng
authors: Yan
authors: Y
authors: Sun
authors: Zhi
authors: Z
authors: Li
authors: Ruotin
authors: R
authors: Men
authors: Li
authors: L
authors: Yang
authors: Hsiangfu
authors: H
authors: Kung
authors: Stanley Ho Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. zryang2012@gmail.com.
authors: Zhengrong
authors: Z
authors: Yang
authors: Ming-liang
authors: ML
authors: He
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology*; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D055815:Young Adult