title: Long-term outcome of patients with locally resected high- and low-risk rectal carcinoid tumors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tumor size and lymphovascular invasion are known high-risk factors for lymph node and distant metastasis in patients with rectal carcinoid tumors. However, the optimal treatment for these tumors remains controversial.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this paper is to compare the outcome of local or radical resection between patients with high-risk (tumor size >10 mm or lymphovascular invasion) disease and those with low-risk (tumor size ≤10 mm, no lymphovascular invasion) disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with rectal carcinoid tumors treated between January 1990 and March 2010 were identified retrospectively and classified into low- and high-risk groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 83 patients with rectal carcinoid tumors were included, 53 (64%) of whom were identified as low-risk and 30 (36%) as high-risk. Local resection was performed in 50 (60%) low-risk and 24 (29%) high-risk patients, and postoperative recurrence was observed in one (1%) of the high-risk patients who underwent local resection and one (11%) who underwent radical resection. No recurrence was observed in the low-risk group. Kaplan-Meier analysis of the patients who underwent local resection revealed that the 10-year disease-free survival rate was 100% in the low-risk group and 83.3% in the high-risk group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was no significant difference in outcome between local and radical resection.
authors: Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
authors: Kohei
authors: K
authors: Shigeta
authors: Koji
authors: K
authors: Okabayashi
authors: Hirotoshi
authors: H
authors: Hasegawa
authors: Yoshiyuki
authors: Y
authors: Ishii
authors: Hiroki
authors: H
authors: Ochiai
authors: Masashi
authors: M
authors: Tsuruta
authors: Makio
authors: M
authors: Mukai
authors: Kaori
authors: K
authors: Kameyama
authors: Toshio
authors: T
authors: Uraoka
authors: Naohisa
authors: N
authors: Yahagi
authors: Yuko
authors: Y
authors: Kitagawa
mesh_terms: D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000473:pathology; D002276:Carcinoid Tumor / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D042601:Lymphatic Vessels / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000473:pathology*; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors; D047368:Tumor Burden