title: Microscopic hair changes associated with hair coloring, hair waving and hair ironing in Iranian women.
abstract: Although, of no vital value, hair plays a significant role in expressing any person's psychosocial status. Many cosmetic and styling methods are available for hair. This study aimed to examine the microscopic changes in women with hair coloring, hair waving, or hair ironing in comparison with normal controls. In a cross-sectional study, 154 Iranian women were recruited and categorized in 4 groups: controls (n = 35) who had not dyed, waved or ironed their hair within the last 6 months; dyed-hair group (n = 49) who had dyed their hair using standard chemical hair colors at least three times within the last 6 months; waved-hair group (n = 35) who had frizzled their hair within the last 6 months and ironed-hair group (n = 35) who had ironed their hair at least 3 times a weak using a temperature more than 30 degrees C within the last 6 months. Hair samples of all four groups were examined microscopically, and the results were compared with the controls. The rate of abnormal findings was 17.1% in the controls, 53.1% in the dyed-hair group, 45.7% in the waved-hair group, and 54.3% in the ironed-hair group. Abnormal findings were significantly more frequent in the last three groups comparing with the controls (p < 0.05). Trichorrhexis was 17.1, 34.7, 40 and 11.4%; kinking was 0, 2, 2.9 and 25.7%; pseudo pili-annulati was 0, 6.1, 0 and 17.1%; trichonodosis was 0, 6.1, 0 and 0%; tracheoschises was 0, 2, 2.9 and 0% and trichoptilosis was 0, 2, 0 and 0% in the mentioned groups, respectively. Based on the results of the present study, hair coloring, waving and ironing all can induce abnormalities in the hair in comparison with the hairs of nonusers.
authors: Department of Pathology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Sina Hospital, Tabriz, Iran.
authors: Shahla
authors: S
authors: Talghini
authors: Department of Dermatology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Sina Hospital, Tabriz, Iran.
authors: Mohammadreza
authors: M
authors: Ranjkesh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006197:Hair / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D006200:Hair Color / Q000502:physiology*; D006201:Hair Diseases; D006202:Hair Dyes; D018859:Hair Follicle / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006203:Hair Preparations; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran; D008875:Middle Aged; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D006202:Hair Dyes; D006203:Hair Preparations