title: [Epidemiological features of typhoid/paratyphoid fever in provinces with high incidence rate and in the whole country, in 2012].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Through analyzing the national statutory reporting data on typhoid, paratyphoid fever in 2012, we were trying to understand the whole picture of typhoid, paratyphoid fever at the national level as well as to understand the trends and characteristics of typhoid and paratyphoid fever in provinces with high incidence rate, so as to the development of prevention and control strategies of the diseases in those high-incidence rate provinces.
  
  
  METHODS
  We descriptively analyzed the national typhoid and paratyphoid fever statutory reporting data which was reported through disease surveillance information reporting system in 2012.
  
  
  RESULTS
  11 998 cases with typhoid and paratyphoid fever were reported with 3 fatal ones, in 2012 in the whole country. The incidence rate was 0.89 per 100 000. Compared to the data gathered in 2011, the incidence rates of typhoid/ paratyphoid fever increased by 1.20%. The total number of the confirmed cases on typhoid and paratyphoid fever was 6522 and was accounted for 54.36% of the total cases, in which paratyphoid fever accounted for 36.86%. Cases were mainly involved farmers and followed by students and children. Incidence rates of typhoid and paratyphoid fever in children aged 0-4 years old appeared the highest (respectively 1.31/100 000 and 0.46/100 000). Yunnan,Guizhou,Guangdong,Guangxi, Zhejiang, Hunan and Xinjiang provinces (autonomous regions)were identified as provinces with high-incidence rates of typhoid and paratyphoid fever. During 2005-2012, the incidence rates in most of the above high-incidence provinces showed a downward trend, except for in Guangdong which had only showed a slight change. There were variations on peak period and highly-hit population in seven high-incidence provinces.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence rate of typhoid/paratyphoid fever was in a relatively low level in China. Prevention and control strategies on the diseases in children under 5 years old remained a challenge, warranted more work to be done. The epidemiological situation is still severe in some high-incidence rate provinces.
authors: Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease,Division of Infectious Disease; China Field Epidemiology Training Project, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
authors: Jun-ling
authors: JL
authors: Sun
authors: Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease,Division of Infectious Disease.
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: Zhang
authors: China Field Epidemiology Training Project, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China. Email: cfetpmhl@hotmail.com.
authors: Hui-lai
authors: HL
authors: Ma
authors: Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease,Division of Infectious Disease. Email: changzr@chinacdc.cn.
authors: Zhao-rui
authors: ZR
authors: Chang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010284:Paratyphoid Fever / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D014435:Typhoid Fever / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology