title: The effects of titania nanotubes with embedded silver oxide nanoparticles on bacteria and osteoblasts.
abstract: A versatile strategy to endow biomaterials with long-term antibacterial ability without compromising the cytocompatibility is highly desirable to combat biomaterial related infection. TiO2 nanotube (NT) arrays can significantly enhance the functions of many cell types including osteoblasts thus having promising applications in orthopedics, orthodontics, as well as other biomedical fields. In this study, TiO2 NT arrays with Ag2O nanoparticle embedded in the nanotube wall (NT-Ag2O arrays) are prepared on titanium (Ti) by TiAg magnetron sputtering and anodization. Well-defined NT arrays containing Ag concentrations in a wide range from 0 to 15 at % are formed. Ag incorporation has little influence on the NT diameter, but significantly decreases the tube length. Crystallized Ag2O nanoparticles with diameters ranging from 5 nm to 20 nm are embedded in the amorphous TiO2 nanotube wall and this unique structure leads to controlled release of Ag(+) that generates adequate antibacterial activity without showing cytotoxicity. The NT-Ag2O arrays can effectively kill Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus even after immersion for 28 days, demonstrating the long lasting antibacterial ability. Furthermore, the NT-Ag2O arrays have no appreciable influence on the osteoblast viability, proliferation, and differentiation compared to the Ag free TiO2 NT arrays. Ag incorporation even shows some favorable effects on promoting cell spreading. The technique reported here is a versatile approach to develop biomedical coatings with different functions.
authors: Research Institute of Surface Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.
authors: Ang
authors: A
authors: Gao
authors: Research Institute of Surface Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China. Electronic address: hangruiqiang@tyut.edu.cn.
authors: Ruiqiang
authors: R
authors: Hang
authors: Research Institute of Surface Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.
authors: Xiaobo
authors: X
authors: Huang
authors: Department of Periodontology & Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China. Electronic address: zhaolingzhou1983@hotmail.com.
authors: Lingzhou
authors: L
authors: Zhao
authors: Research Institute of Surface Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.
authors: Xiangyu
authors: X
authors: Zhang
authors: Institute of Materials, Ningbo University of Technology, Ningbo 315016, China.
authors: Lin
authors: L
authors: Wang
authors: Research Institute of Surface Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.
authors: Bin
authors: B
authors: Tang
authors: State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
authors: Shengli
authors: S
authors: Ma
authors: Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
authors: Paul K
authors: PK
authors: Chu
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004925:Escherichia / Q000187:drug effects; D043942:Nanotubes / Q000737:chemistry*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects*; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry*; D018030:Silver Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D010087:Oxides; D018030:Silver Compounds; C009495:titanium dioxide; C040225:disilver oxide; D014025:Titanium
keywords: Ag(2)O nanoparticles; Anodization; Antibacterial activity; Osteoblasts; TiO(2) nanotubes