title: Effect of a 12-month exercise intervention on serum biomarkers of angiogenesis in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increased physical activity is associated with decreased risk of several types of cancer, but underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Angiogenesis, in which new blood vessels are formed, is common to adipose tissue formation/remodeling and tumor vascularization.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined effects of a 12-month 45 minutes/day, 5 days/week moderate-intensity aerobic exercise intervention on four serum markers of angiogenesis in 173 sedentary, overweight, postmenopausal women, 50 to 75 years, randomized to intervention versus stretching control. Circulating levels of positive regulators of angiogenesis [VEGF, osteopontin (OPN), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)], and the negative regulator pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), were measured by immunoassay at baseline and 12 months. Changes were compared using generalized estimating equations, adjusting for baseline levels of analytes and body mass index (BMI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  VEGF, OPN, or PAI-1 levels did not differ by intervention arm. Participants randomized to exercise significantly reduced PEDF (-3.7%) versus controls (+3.0%; P = 0.009). Reductions in fat mass were significantly associated with reductions in PAI-1 (Ptrend = 0.03; Ptrend = 0.02) and PEDF (Ptrend = 0.002; Ptrend = 0.01) compared with controls, or to those who gained any fat mass respectively. There was a significant association between decreases in VO2max, and increased reductions in PEDF (Ptrend = 0.03), compared with participants who increased their level of fitness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fat loss reduces circulating PAI-1 and PEDF. Changes in VO2max are associated with alterations in PEDF, but these associations are complex.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Unexpected reductions in PEDF with decreasing fat mass, and with decreasing VO2max, warrant further study, including examining the effects of different types and intensities of exercise; and role of dietary weight-loss with and without exercise.
authors: Authors' Affiliation: Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.
authors: Catherine
authors: C
authors: Duggan
authors: Liren
authors: L
authors: Xiao
authors: Ching-Yun
authors: CY
authors: Wang
authors: Anne
authors: A
authors: McTiernan
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000098:blood supply*; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000097:blood; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000097:blood; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000628:therapy*; D053495:Osteopontin / Q000097:blood; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000097:blood; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000097:blood*; D015843:Serpins / Q000097:blood; D013997:Time Factors; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000097:blood; D000099174:Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005136:Eye Proteins; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D053495:Osteopontin; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D015843:Serpins; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D000099174:Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor; C051321:SERPINE1 protein, human; C467484:VEGFA protein, human