title: Age-dependent changes in stratum corneum barrier function.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Stratum Corneum (SC) barrier function mainly depends on the SC structure at the tissue level, its composition, and the organization of intercellular lipidic cement at the molecular level. The goal of this study was to assess the age-dependent changes of the SC barrier function and the associated physiological parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was conducted on 40 French women divided into four groups of age. Measurements were done on three sites: cheek, protected, and exposed arm sites. SC composition (water, lipid/protein ratio, cholesterol, and ceramides) was measured using Raman confocal microspectroscopy, skin surface hydration using skin conductance, and barrier function through transepidermal water loss (TEWL) measurements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Transepidermal water loss decreases slightly with age, which is partially explained by the age-dependent increase in SC thickness. This decrease is faster for the face compared to both arm sites. The lipid to protein ratio and lipid compactness decrease significantly with age only for the arm sites. Water concentration profiles only decrease very close to the skin surface. At all ages tested, the SC on the cheek showed significantly higher TEWL, water and lipid content and less thickness compared to the arm sites. Comparison of the exposed to unexposed arm site showed difference only for the lipid compactness at the older group studied.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Skin aging, body site and environmental exposure can affect the SC barrier function, its structure, and its lipid content. The thickening of the SC with age compensates for the decrease of the quantity and ordering of the lipidic cement.
authors: Faculté de pharmacie, EA 4041, Université Paris Sud 11, Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France.
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Boireau-Adamezyk
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Baillet-Guffroy
authors: G N
authors: GN
authors: Stamatas
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D001834:Body Water / Q000378:metabolism*; D004817:Epidermis / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012869:Skin Absorption / Q000502:physiology*; D014870:Water Loss, Insensible / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: barrier function; raman spectroscopy; skin aging; skin lipids