title: Effects of anatabine and unilateral maximal eccentric isokinetic muscle actions on serum markers of muscle damage and inflammation.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of anatabine supplementation in conjunction with unilateral, maximal eccentric isokinetic muscle actions on serum markers of muscle damage and pro-inflammatory cytokines in humans. Seventeen men (mean ± S.D. age = 22.4 ± 3.2 yrs) participated in this double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Participants were randomly assigned to two 10-day conditions (anatabine and placebo) separated by a 2-4 week washout period. After seven days of supplementation, blood was sampled immediately prior to PRE, immediately following POST, and 24, 48, and 72 h after 6 sets of 10 repetitions of unilateral, maximal eccentric isokinetic forearm flexion exercise. Concentrations of serum creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, myoglobin, high sensitivity c-reactive protein, and TNF-α were measured. Creatine kinase, myoglobin, and lactate dehydrogenase increased (P<0.05), while high sensitivity c-reactive protein and TNF-α did not change (P>0.05) after the eccentric exercise during both conditions. Lactate dehydrogenase was higher (P<0.05) during the anatabine condition. The primary findings of this study were two-fold: (a) anatabine had no beneficial effects on traditional markers of muscle damage (creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and myoglobin) compared to placebo after the eccentric exercise protocol, and (b) the eccentric exercise protocol did not elicit increase in the pro-inflammatory cytokines (c-reactive protein and TNF-α). Future studies are needed to examine the effects of anatabine on naturally-occurring inflammation that is common with aging or obesity. Furthermore, additional research is needed to examine the relationship between muscle damage and inflammation after eccentric exercises of different modes, durations, and intensities.
authors: Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 211 Ruth Leverton Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583-0806, USA. Electronic address: Nathaniel.jenkins@unl.edu.
authors: Nathaniel D M
authors: ND
authors: Jenkins
authors: Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 211 Ruth Leverton Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583-0806, USA.
authors: Terry J
authors: TJ
authors: Housh
authors: Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 211 Ruth Leverton Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583-0806, USA.
authors: Kristen C
authors: KC
authors: Cochrane
authors: Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 211 Ruth Leverton Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583-0806, USA.
authors: Haley C
authors: HC
authors: Bergstrom
authors: Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 211 Ruth Leverton Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583-0806, USA.
authors: Daniel A
authors: DA
authors: Traylor
authors: Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 211 Ruth Leverton Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583-0806, USA.
authors: Robert W
authors: RW
authors: Lewis
authors: Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 211 Ruth Leverton Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583-0806, USA.
authors: Samuel L
authors: SL
authors: Buckner
authors: Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 211 Ruth Leverton Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583-0806, USA.
authors: Richard J
authors: RJ
authors: Schmidt
authors: Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 211 Ruth Leverton Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583-0806, USA.
authors: Glen O
authors: GO
authors: Johnson
authors: Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 211 Ruth Leverton Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583-0806, USA. Electronic address: jcramer@unl.edu.
authors: Joel T
authors: JT
authors: Cramer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000470:Alkaloids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology / Q000293:injuries*; D011725:Pyridines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D011725:Pyridines; C012737:anatabine
keywords: Anatabine; Cytokines; Eccentric muscle damage; Muscle function; Supplementation