title: Effects of Krill-derived phospholipid-enriched n-3 fatty acids on Ca(2+) regulation system in cerebral arteries from ovariectomized rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on cerebral circulation, ovariectomized (OVX) rats were administered with phospholipids in krill oil (KPL) or triglycerides in fish oil (FTG); effects on the Ca(2+) regulating system in their basilar artery (BA) were then analyzed.
  
  
  METHODS
  The rats were divided into 4 groups: control, OVX, OVX given KPL (OVXP), and OVX given FTG (OVXT) orally, daily for 2weeks. Time dependent relaxation (TDR) of contractile response to 5HT in BA was determined myographically, Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX) 1 mRNA expression was determined by real time PCR, and nucleotides were analyzed by HPLC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The level of TDR in OVX that was significantly lower in the control was inhibited by l-NAME and indomethacin; TEA inhibited TDR totally in the control but only partly in OVXP and OVXT. Relaxation induced by the addition of 5mM KCl to the BA pre-contracted with 5-HT was inhibited by TEA in the controls, OVXP and OVXT, but not in OVX. Overexpression of NCX1 mRNA in the BA from OVX was significantly inhibited by FTG. The ratio of ADP/ATP in cerebral arteries from OVX was significantly inhibited by KPL and FTG. Levels of triglyceride and arachidonic acid in the plasma of OVX increased, but were significantly inhibited by KPL and FTG.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ovarian dysfunction affects Ca(2+) activated-, ATP-sensitive-K(+) channels and NCX1, which play crucial roles in the autoregulation of cerebral blood flow. Also, KPL may become as good a supplement as FTG for postmenopausal women.
authors: Laboratory of Physiology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Science Technology, Bunkyo Gakuin University, Japan. Electronic address: ysakai@bgu.ac.jp.
authors: Yasushi
authors: Y
authors: Sakai
authors: Department of Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Japan.
authors: Michio
authors: M
authors: Hashimoto
authors: Department of Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Japan.
authors: Budbazar
authors: B
authors: Enkhjargal
authors: Laboratory of Physiology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Science Technology, Bunkyo Gakuin University, Japan.
authors: Hisashi
authors: H
authors: Mitsuishi
authors: Laboratory of Physiology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Science Technology, Bunkyo Gakuin University, Japan.
authors: Hiromi
authors: H
authors: Nobe
authors: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Japan.
authors: Ichiro
authors: I
authors: Horie
authors: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Japan.
authors: Takahiro
authors: T
authors: Iwamoto
authors: Human life Science R&D Center, Nippon Suisan Kaisha. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Kenichi
authors: K
authors: Yanagimoto
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002536:Cerebral Arteries / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000098:blood supply; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D033201:Euphausiacea / Q000737:chemistry; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006706:Homeostasis; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D010052:Ovariectomy; D017698:Postmenopause; D024683:Potassium Channels, Tandem Pore Domain / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012701:Serotonin / Q000494:pharmacology; D018490:Serotonin Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D019831:Sodium-Calcium Exchanger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects; D014664:Vasodilation
chemical_list: D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D024683:Potassium Channels, Tandem Pore Domain; D018490:Serotonin Agents; D019831:Sodium-Calcium Exchanger; D014280:Triglycerides; C103742:potassium channel protein TREK-1; C110374:sodium-calcium exchanger 1; D012701:Serotonin; D002118:Calcium; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester
keywords: Cerebral artery; Docosahexaenoic acid; Eicosapentaenoic acid; K(+) channels; Krill-derived phospholipids; Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger; Nucleotides metabolism; Ovariectomized rats