title: Over-expression of superoxide dismutase ameliorates Cr(VI) induced adverse effects via modulating cellular immune system of Drosophila melanogaster.
abstract: The evolutionarily conserved innate immune system plays critical role for maintaining the health of an organism. However, a number of environmental chemicals including metals are known to exert adverse effects on immune system. The present study assessed the in vivo effect of a major environmental chemical, Cr(VI), on cellular immune response using Drosophila melanogaster and subsequently the protective role of superoxide dismutase (SOD) based on the comparable performance of the tested anti-oxidant enzymes. The immuno-modulatory potential of Cr(VI) was demonstrated by observing a significant reduction in the total hemocyte count along with impaired phagocytic activity in exposed organism. Concurrently, a significant increase in the percentage of Annexin V-FITC positive cells, activation of DEVDase activity, generation of free radical species along with inhibition of anti-oxidant enzyme activities was observed in the hemocytes of exposed organism. In addition, we have shown that ONOO(-) is primarily responsible for Cr(VI) induced adverse effects on Drosophila hemocytes along with O2(-). While generation of O2(-)/ONOO(-) in Cr(VI) exposed Drosophila hemocytes was found to be responsible for the suppression of Drosophila cellular immune response, Cr(VI) induced alteration was significantly reduced by the over-expression of sod in Drosophila hemocytes. Overall, our results suggest that manipulation of one of the anti-oxidant genes, sod, benefits the organism from Cr(VI) induced alteration in cellular immunity. Further, this study demonstrates the applicability of D. melanogaster to examine the possible effects of environmental chemicals on innate immunity which can be extrapolated to higher organisms due to evolutionary conservation of innate immune system between Drosophila and mammals.
authors: Embryotoxicology Section, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India ; Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.
authors: Prakash
authors: P
authors: Pragya
authors: Embryotoxicology Section, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India ; Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.
authors: Arvind Kumar
authors: AK
authors: Shukla
authors: Analytical Section, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors: Ramesh Chandra
authors: RC
authors: Murthy
authors: Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.
authors: Malik Zainul
authors: MZ
authors: Abdin
authors: Embryotoxicology Section, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors: Debapratim
authors: D
authors: Kar Chowdhuri
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000276:immunology; D016923:Cell Death / Q000276:immunology; D002857:Chromium / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000276:immunology; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D006434:Hemocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000276:immunology*; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D007814:Larva / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000276:immunology; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D010586:Phagocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D005609:Free Radicals; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D002857:Chromium; C074702:chromium hexavalent ion; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases; C108711:DEVDase