title: Application of fluorescence spectroscopy using a novel fluoroionophore for quantification of zinc in urban runoff.
abstract: Fluorescence spectroscopy has great potential for on-site and real-time monitoring of pollutants in aquatic environments; however, its application to environmental aquatic samples has been extremely limited. In this study, a novel fluoroionophore based on a BODIPY-terpyridine conjugate was developed and applied to determine Zn concentrations in urban runoff. The fluoroionophore selectively bound to Zn(2+) in water, which led to an instant red-shift of the fluorescence peak of the fluoroionophore from 539 nm to 567 nm that could be seen by the naked eye. Zn concentrations could be quantified using the ratio of fluorescence intensities, and the detection limit was 9 μg/L, which is sufficiently low for environmental aquatic samples. To demonstrate applicability of the method to environmental samples, we measured Zn concentrations in urban runoff samples with a complex matrix (∼60 mg/L dissolved organic carbon and ∼20 mS/cm electrical conductivity). The total and dissolved fractions of Zn in the samples could be determined by fluorescence spectroscopy and its relative error was estimated to be less than 30% by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy analysis. The proposed method is rapid and easy-to-use with simple pretreatment for Zn determination in environmental aquatic samples with complex matrices.
authors: Division of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North-13, West-8, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan. Electronic address: hafuka@eng.hokudai.ac.jp.
authors: Akira
authors: A
authors: Hafuka
authors: Division of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North-13, West-8, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan. Electronic address: spg377m9@gmail.com.
authors: Hiroaki
authors: H
authors: Yoshikawa
authors: Division of Environmental Materials Science, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, North-10, West-5, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan. Electronic address: yamada@ees.hokudai.ac.jp.
authors: Koji
authors: K
authors: Yamada
authors: Department of Computer Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu 376-8515, Japan. Electronic address: katotsu@cs.gunma-u.ac.jp.
authors: Tsuyoshi
authors: T
authors: Kato
authors: Division of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North-13, West-8, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan. Electronic address: m-takaha@eng.hokudai.ac.jp.
authors: Masahiro
authors: M
authors: Takahashi
authors: Division of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North-13, West-8, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan. Electronic address: sokabe@eng.hokudai.ac.jp.
authors: Satoshi
authors: S
authors: Okabe
authors: Division of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North-13, West-8, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan. Electronic address: qsatoh@eng.hokudai.ac.jp.
authors: Hisashi
authors: H
authors: Satoh
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry; D002947:Cities; D005453:Fluorescence; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007476:Ionophores / Q000737:chemistry*; D007477:Ions; D007564:Japan; D008670:Metals / Q000737:chemistry; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D015032:Zinc / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D007476:Ionophores; D007477:Ions; D008670:Metals; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002244:Carbon; D015032:Zinc
keywords: Fluorescence spectroscopy; Fluoroionophore; Spearman's rank correlation analysis; Urban runoff; Zinc