title: 3-Nitropropionic acid induces ovarian oxidative stress and impairs follicle in mouse.
abstract: Oxidative stress induces many serious reproductive diseases in female mammals and thus poses a serious threat to reproductive health. However, the relationship between reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced oxidative stress and follicular development, oocyte and embryo quality is not clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ovarian oxidative stress on the health of follicle and oocyte development. Female ICR mice were dosed with 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA) at three different concentrations (6.25, 12.5 and 25 mg/kg) and saline (control) via continuous intraperitoneal injection for 7 days. The treatment with 12.5 mg/kg reduced the weight of mouse ovaries, and significantly increased ROS levels and the activities of antioxidant enzymes--total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT)--in granulosa cells and ovarian tissues, but not in other tissues (brain, liver, kidney and spleen). The same treatment significantly increased the percentage of atretic large follicles, and reduced the number of large follicles, the number of ovulated oocytes, and the capacity for early embryonic development compared with controls. It also significantly decreased the ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax, while causing an increase in the mRNA expression of (SOD2, CAT and GP X) and ROS levels in granulosa cells. Collectively, these data indicate that 3-NPA induces granulosa cell apoptosis, large follicle atresia, and an increase of ROS levels in the ovary. Therefore, we have established an in vivo model of ovarian oxidative stress for studying the mechanism of resulting damage induced by free radicals and for the screening of novel antioxidants.
authors: Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
authors: Jia-Qing
authors: JQ
authors: Zhang
authors: Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
authors: Ming
authors: M
authors: Shen
authors: Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
authors: Cheng-Cheng
authors: CC
authors: Zhu
authors: Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
authors: Feng-Xiang
authors: FX
authors: Yu
authors: Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
authors: Ze-Qun
authors: ZQ
authors: Liu
authors: Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
authors: Nazim
authors: N
authors: Ally
authors: Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
authors: Shao-Chen
authors: SC
authors: Sun
authors: Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors: Kui
authors: K
authors: Li
authors: Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
authors: Hong-Lin
authors: HL
authors: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D005496:Follicular Atresia / Q000187:drug effects*; D006107:Granulosa Cells / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009574:Nitro Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D011422:Propionates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; C494827:Bax protein, mouse; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D011422:Propionates; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D010088:Oxidoreductases; C015392:3-nitropropionic acid