title: Association of calcaneal quantitative ultrasound parameters with metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and elderly Chinese: a large population-based cross-sectional study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The possible association between metabolic syndrome (MS) and bone mineral density (BMD) has been highlighted recently. However, the exact effects of MS on calcaneal quantitative ultrasound (QUS) parameters remains uncertain. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of MS states, different componets of MS, as well as the number of MS componets on QUS.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 7489 Chinese adults aged 40 years or older in Nanjing were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. MS was defined according to recommendations generated by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) in 2005. QUS was measured for each participant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of MS was 34.6% in men and 42.8% in women (over 40 years old). In postmenopausal women with MS, 25-hydroxyvitamin D[25(OH)D], age adjusted quantitative ultrasound index (QUI) and broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) were all lower than those without (p < 0.001, p = 0.023, p = 0.021, respectively), the difference of QUI and BUA disappeared after adjustment for body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). In stepwise analysis, BMI, WC, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) were related to QUS (p < 0.05). The number of MS components had no influence on QUS. Fragile fracture incidence was higher in women with MS (6.8% VS. 5.3%, P = 0.034).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chinese postmenopausal women with MS have worse BMD measured by QUS and more chances to develop osteoporotic fractures than the controls, which partially due to central obesity as well as vitamin D deficiency. People having less central obesity, higher FPG or HDL-C are less likely to have bone mineral loss.
authors: Min
authors: M
authors: Sun
authors: Mengdie
authors: M
authors: Cao
authors: Qi
authors: Q
authors: Fu
authors: Zhenxin
authors: Z
authors: Zhu
authors: Chuchen
authors: C
authors: Meng
authors: Jia
authors: J
authors: Mao
authors: Yun
authors: Y
authors: Shi
authors: Yu
authors: Y
authors: Duan
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Tang
authors: Xiaoping
authors: X
authors: Huang
authors: Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China. hewei1007@sina.cn.
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: He
authors: Tao
authors: T
authors: Yang