title: The long-term effects of superovulation on fertility and sexual behavior of male offspring in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the long-term effects of superovulation on fertility and sexual behavior of male offspring in mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  The mice were superovaluted, and the fertility of male offspring (F1 generation and F2 generation) were evaluated in terms of the percentage of plugs and pregnancies, serum testosterone concentrations, and sperm motility. Furthermore, the sexual behavior of male offspring and sex ratio (F1 generation and F2 generation) were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences in the percentage of plug and pregnancies, serum testosterone concentrations, sperm motilities and sex ratio between the offspring in naturally conceived group and superovulation groups (both F1 generation and F2 generation). The sperm hyperactivity at 90 min after incubation of F1 generation in naturally conceived group were higher than that of F1 generation in superovulation group, but the differences did not reach statistical significance. The offspring produced by superovaluted oocytes (both F1 generation and F2 generation) did not exhibit significant alterations in sexual behavior.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No significant alterations were found in fertility and sexual behavior of male offspring in mice produced by superovaluted oocytes compared with those of naturally conceived offspring.
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 105 Jiefang Road, Jinan, China, 250000.
authors: Zeng-Tao
authors: ZT
authors: Wei
authors: Xi-Lan
authors: XL
authors: Lu
authors: Gang
authors: G
authors: Zhang
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: Yu
authors: Hua
authors: H
authors: Li
authors: Gui-Hua
authors: GH
authors: Jia
authors: Jun-Tao
authors: JT
authors: Li
authors: Jian-Min
authors: JM
authors: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009865:Oocytes / Q000502:physiology; D010062:Ovulation Induction; D011247:Pregnancy; D012744:Sex Ratio; D012726:Sexual Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D013076:Sperm Count; D013081:Sperm Motility; D013480:Superovulation / Q000502:physiology*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D013739:Testosterone