title: Application of a novel near infrared-fluorescence giant vesicle- and polymerasome-based tissue marker for endoscopic and laparoscopic navigation.
abstract: In this study, we describe the development of a novel tissue marker that can be injected from within the digestive tract by using an endoscopic instrument, and visualized using near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging. The marker was prepared in three steps, (i) mixing NIR-fluorescent indocyanine green (ICG) with giant vesicles (GVs) of lecithin, (ii) suspending the ICG-containing giant vesicles (ICG-GV) in an oil phase dissolving polyglycerol-polyricinoleate (PGPR), and (iii) centrifugation of the suspension layered on a buffered solution to obtain a giant polymer vesicle (polymerasome) containing ICG-GV. We injected the tissue marker into the inner gastric surface of an anesthetized pig using an endoscopic syringe, and observed the injection site using a fluorescence laparoscopic camera. The diameter of the spot blur was approximately 2 cm over a 5-h period, demonstrating the utility of this procedure as a tissue marker for tumor marking, and suggesting its potential for assisting navigation during surgical procedures.
authors: Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University.
authors: Hirosuke
authors: H
authors: Hatayama
authors: Taro
authors: T
authors: Toyota
authors: Hideki
authors: H
authors: Hayashi
authors: Tomonori
authors: T
authors: Nomoto
authors: Masanori
authors: M
authors: Fujinami
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004067:Digestive System Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis; D057918:Fiducial Markers; D007208:Indocyanine Green / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D007259:Infrared Rays; D007267:Injections; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D054709:Lecithins / Q000737:chemistry; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D013552:Swine; D013594:Syringes
chemical_list: D054709:Lecithins; D011108:Polymers; D007208:Indocyanine Green