title: CXCR3, CXCL10 and type 1 diabetes.
abstract: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is due to antigen-specific assaults on the insulin producing pancreatic β-cells by diabetogenic T-helper (Th)1 cells. (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL)10, an interferon-γ inducible Th1 chemokine, and its receptor, (C-X-C motif) receptor (CXCR)3, have an important role in different autoimmune diseases. High circulating CXCL10 levels were detected in new onset T1D patients, in association with a Th1 autoimmune response. Furthermore β-cells produce CXCL10, under the influence of Th1 cytokines, that suppresses their proliferation. Viral β-cells infections induce cytokines and CXCL10 expression, inducing insulin-producing cell failure in T1D. CXCL10/CXCR3 system plays a critical role in the autoimmune process and in β-cells destruction in T1D. Blocking CXCL10 in new onset diabetes seems a possible approach for T1D treatment.
authors: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi, 10, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. Electronic address: alessandro.antonelli@med.unipi.it.
authors: Alessandro
authors: A
authors: Antonelli
authors: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi, 10, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. Electronic address: sm.ferrari@int.med.unipi.it.
authors: Silvia Martina
authors: SM
authors: Ferrari
authors: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi, 10, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. Electronic address: corradoalda@gmail.com.
authors: Alda
authors: A
authors: Corrado
authors: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi, 10, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. Electronic address: ferranni@ifc.cnr.it.
authors: Ele
authors: E
authors: Ferrannini
authors: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi, 10, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. Electronic address: poupak@int.med.unipi.it.
authors: Poupak
authors: P
authors: Fallahi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000502:physiology; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000276:immunology; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000821:virology; D004769:Enterovirus Infections / Q000150:complications; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D008217:Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D010283:Paratuberculosis / Q000150:complications; D054367:Receptors, CXCR3 / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10; D054367:Receptors, CXCR3
keywords: CXCL10; CXCR3; Cytokines; Type 1 diabetes; Viral infections