title: Determination of free Bisphenol A (BPA) concentrations in breast milk of U.S. women using a sensitive LC/MS/MS method.
abstract: Bisphenol A (BPA) is a synthetic, endocrine-disrupting compound. Free BPA has been detected in human samples indicating that humans are internally exposed to estrogenically active BPA. The purpose of this study was to develop a sensitive method to detect free BPA in human breast milk. BPA was isolated from the milk of 21 nursing mothers in the U.S. by solid-phase extraction. It was then derivatized to improve sensitivity and subsequently analyzed by ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Free BPA was detected in 62% of the milk samples (≤ 0.22-10.8 ng mL(-1), median 0.68 ng mL(-1), mean 3.13 ng mL(-1)). No statistical difference in BPA concentrations was observed between women with a low or high Body Mass Index (BMI) (<30 (n=11) and>30 (n=10), respectively). However, there was a significant association between BPA concentration and race. Caucasian women had significantly higher levels of free BPA in their breast milk than non-Caucasian women (mean=4.44 (n=14) and 0.52 (n=7), respectively; p<0.05). The difference between races could be attributed to variations in exposure, lifestyle or metabolism and suggests that certain populations should take extra precautions to limit BPA exposure, particularly during pregnancy and lactation.
authors: Department of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Life Sciences Laboratories, Room 240D, 240 Thatcher Road, Amherst, MA 01003, United States.
authors: Stephanie M
authors: SM
authors: Zimmers
authors: Department of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Life Sciences Laboratories, Room 240D, 240 Thatcher Road, Amherst, MA 01003, United States.
authors: Eva P
authors: EP
authors: Browne
authors: Department of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Life Sciences Laboratories, Room 240D, 240 Thatcher Road, Amherst, MA 01003, United States.
authors: Patrick W
authors: PW
authors: O'Keefe
authors: Department of Sociology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, Sloan College, Room 322, Suite 321, 911 Pickens Street, Columbia, SC 29208, United States.
authors: Douglas L
authors: DL
authors: Anderton
authors: Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, 235 Marston Hall, Room 18, P.O. Box 35205, Amherst, MA 01003, United States.
authors: Lawrence
authors: L
authors: Kramer
authors: Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, 235 Marston Hall, Room 18, P.O. Box 35205, Amherst, MA 01003, United States.
authors: David A
authors: DA
authors: Reckhow
authors: Department of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Life Sciences Laboratories, Room 240D, 240 Thatcher Road, Amherst, MA 01003, United States. Electronic address: karcaro@vasci.umass.edu.
authors: Kathleen F
authors: KF
authors: Arcaro
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000032:analysis*; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry*; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis*; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000379:methods; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal; D010636:Phenols; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
keywords: BPA; Breast milk; Exposure; SPE