title: Current perspectives in stem cell research for knee cartilage repair.
abstract: Protocols based on the delivery of stem cells are currently applied in patients, showing encouraging results for the treatment of articular cartilage lesions (focal defects, osteoarthritis). Yet, restoration of a fully functional cartilage surface (native structural organization and mechanical functions) especially in the knee joint has not been reported to date, showing the need for improved designs of clinical trials. Various sources of progenitor cells are now available, originating from adult tissues but also from embryonic or reprogrammed tissues, most of which have already been evaluated for their chondrogenic potential in culture and for their reparative properties in vivo upon implantation in relevant animal models of cartilage lesions. Nevertheless, particular attention will be needed regarding their safe clinical use and their potential to form a cartilaginous repair tissue of proper quality and functionality in the patient. Possible improvements may reside in the use of biological supplements in accordance with regulations, while some challenges remain in establishing standardized, effective procedures in the clinics.
authors: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany.
authors: Patrick
authors: P
authors: Orth
authors: Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany.
authors: Ana
authors: A
authors: Rey-Rico
authors: Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany.
authors: Jagadeesh K
authors: JK
authors: Venkatesan
authors: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany ; Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany.
authors: Henning
authors: H
authors: Madry
authors: Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany.
authors: Magali
authors: M
authors: Cucchiarini
keywords: cartilage repair; clinical trials; focal defects; knee; osteoarthritis; stem cells