title: Development of high efficiency ventilation bag actuated dry powder inhalers.
abstract: New active dry powder inhaler systems were developed and tested to efficiently aerosolize a carrier-free formulation. To assess inhaler performance, a challenging case study of aerosol lung delivery during high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy was selected. The active delivery system consisted of a ventilation bag for actuating the device, the DPI containing a flow control orifice and 3D rod array, and streamlined nasal cannula with separate inlets for the aerosol and HFNC therapy gas. In vitro experiments were conducted to assess deposition in the device, emitted dose (ED) from the nasal cannula, and powder deaggregation. The best performing systems achieved EDs of 70-80% with fine particle fractions <5 μm of 65-85% and mass median aerodynamic diameters of 1.5 μm, which were target conditions for controlled condensational growth aerosol delivery. Decreasing the size of the flow control orifice from 3.6 to 2.3mm reduced the flow rate through the system with manual bag actuations from an average of 35 to 15LPM, while improving ED and aerosolization performance. The new devices can be applied to improve aerosol delivery during mechanical ventilation, nose-to-lung aerosol administration, and to assist patients that cannot reproducibly use passive DPIs.
authors: Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States; Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.
authors: Srinivas R B
authors: SR
authors: Behara
authors: Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States; Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States. Electronic address: pwlongest@vcu.edu.
authors: P Worth
authors: PW
authors: Longest
authors: Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.
authors: Dale R
authors: DR
authors: Farkas
authors: Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Hindle
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000336:Aerosols; D000420:Albuterol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000295:instrumentation*; D058995:Dry Powder Inhalers; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D010316:Particle Size; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D000420:Albuterol
keywords: Active dry power inhaler (DPI); Excipient enhanced growth (EEG) formulation; High efficiency DPI; Noninvasive ventilation; Nose to lung aerosol delivery; Streamlined ventilation components