title: Is left ventricular diastolic dysfunction independent from presence of hypertension in metabolic syndrome? An echocardiographic study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It has been shown that left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) develops in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, there is not sufficient evidence in the literature to determine whether this condition is due to increase in blood pressure, which is frequently encountered in MetS. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis whether LVDD in MetS is independent from the presence of hypertension.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 60 patients diagnosed with MetS and 30 healthy people, who were age- and gender-matched with the patient group, were included in the study as the control group. In the study group, 30 of the patients were normotensive whereas the other 30 had hypertension. Conventional echocardiographic examinations and tissue Doppler imaging were performed besides measurements of demographic and biochemical parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the hypertensive MetS group, early diastolic filling flow (E), early diastolic mitral annular velocity (E'), and E/A ratio were significantly lower compared to the control group. Late diastolic filling flow (A), deceleration time (DT), late diastolic mitral annular velocity (A'), and E/E' ratio were higher in the hypertensive MetS group than the control group. In the normotensive MetS group, E, E', and E/A ratio were also lower compared to the control group whereas DT, A', and E/E' ratio were higher.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings support the idea that LVDD may develop in patients with MetS even in the absence of hypertension. In addition, co-existence of hypertension with MetS contributes to further worsening of diastolic functions.
authors: Dr. Siyami Ersek Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: drsukruaksoy@gmail.com.
authors: Sukru
authors: S
authors: Aksoy
authors: Dr. Siyami Ersek Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: Gündüz
authors: G
authors: Durmuş
authors: Dr. Siyami Ersek Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: Serhan
authors: S
authors: Özcan
authors: Dr. Siyami Ersek Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: Ercan
authors: E
authors: Toprak
authors: Dr. Siyami Ersek Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: Ufuk
authors: U
authors: Gurkan
authors: Dr. Siyami Ersek Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: Dilaver
authors: D
authors: Oz
authors: Dr. Siyami Ersek Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: Yigit
authors: Y
authors: Canga
authors: Dr. Siyami Ersek Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: Baran
authors: B
authors: Karatas
authors: Medipol University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: Dursun
authors: D
authors: Duman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003971:Diastole; D004452:Echocardiography; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology
keywords: Diastolic dysfunction; Hypertension; Metabolic syndrome; Normotensive