title: Dietary supplementation of chardonnay grape seed flour reduces plasma cholesterol concentration, hepatic steatosis, and abdominal fat content in high-fat diet-induced obese hamsters.
abstract: The mechanisms for the hypocholesterolemic and antiobesity effects of grape seed flours derived from white and red winemaking processing were investigated using male Golden Syrian hamsters fed high-fat (HF) diets supplemented with 10% partially defatted grape seed flours from Chardonnay (ChrSd), Cabernet Sauvignon (CabSd), or Syrah (SyrSd) pomace as compared to a HF control diet for 3 weeks. Hamsters fed the ChrSd diet had significantly lowered plasma total-, VLDL-, and LDL-cholesterol concentrations compared to the CabSd, SyrSd, and control diets. The improved plasma cholesterol after ChrSd was correlated with the up-regulation of hepatic genes related to cholesterol (CYP51) and bile acid (CYP7A1) synthesis as well as LDL-cholesterol uptake (LDLR). A reduction of hepatic lipid content was associated with altered expression of the genes related to lipid metabolism. However, fecal total lipid content was not changed. Expression of ileal apical sodium bile acid transporter (ASBT) was not affected by ChrSd, indicating unchanged ileal bile acid reabsorption. The antiobesity effect of the ChrSd diet appears to be related to expression of adipogenesis- and inflammation-related genes in adipose tissue. These findings suggest that flavonoid-rich Chardonnay grape seed flour induced cholesterol-lowering, antiobesity, and anti-inflammatory health benefits and attenuation of hepatic steatosis via regulation of gene expression related to cholesterol, bile acid, and lipid metabolism in liver and adipose tissue.
authors: Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States.
authors: Hyunsook
authors: H
authors: Kim
authors: Glenn E
authors: GE
authors: Bartley
authors: Torey
authors: T
authors: Arvik
authors: Rebecca
authors: R
authors: Lipson
authors: Seung-Yeol
authors: SY
authors: Nah
authors: Kunho
authors: K
authors: Seo
authors: Wallace
authors: W
authors: Yokoyama
mesh_terms: D050153:Abdominal Fat / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D006224:Cricetinae; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000378:metabolism*; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000032:analysis; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D005433:Flour / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008647:Mesocricetus; D009765:Obesity / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D002784:Cholesterol