title: Microglia enhance neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis in the early postnatal subventricular zone.
abstract: Although microglia have long been considered as brain resident immune cells, increasing evidence suggests that they also have physiological roles in the development of the normal CNS. In this study, we found large numbers of activated microglia in the forebrain subventricular zone (SVZ) of the rat from P1 to P10. Pharmacological suppression of the activation, which produces a decrease in levels of a number of proinflammatory cytokines (i.e., IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ) significantly inhibited neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis in the SVZ. In vitro neurosphere assays reproduced the enhancement of neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis by activated microglia and showed that the cytokines revealed the effects complementarily. These results suggest that activated microglia accumulate in the early postnatal SVZ and that they enhance neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis via released cytokines.
authors: Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan, and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032.
authors: Yukari
authors: Y
authors: Shigemoto-Mogami
authors: Kazue
authors: K
authors: Hoshikawa
authors: James E
authors: JE
authors: Goldman
authors: Yuko
authors: Y
authors: Sekino
authors: Kaoru
authors: K
authors: Sato
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002552:Cerebral Ventricles / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D017628:Microglia / Q000502:physiology*; D055495:Neurogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D009836:Oligodendroglia / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
keywords: cytokine; microglia; neurogenesis; neurosphere; oligodendrogenesis; subventricular zone