title: Spontaneous symmetry breaking in interdependent networked game.
abstract: Spatial evolution game has traditionally assumed that players interact with direct neighbors on a single network, which is isolated and not influenced by other systems. However, this is not fully consistent with recent research identification that interactions between networks play a crucial rule for the outcome of evolutionary games taking place on them. In this work, we introduce the simple game model into the interdependent networks composed of two networks. By means of imitation dynamics, we display that when the interdependent factor α is smaller than a threshold value α(C), the symmetry of cooperation can be guaranteed. Interestingly, as interdependent factor exceeds α(C), spontaneous symmetry breaking of fraction of cooperators presents itself between different networks. With respect to the breakage of symmetry, it is induced by asynchronous expansion between heterogeneous strategy couples of both networks, which further enriches the content of spatial reciprocity. Moreover, our results can be well predicted by the strategy-couple pair approximation method.
authors: 1] Center for Complex Network Research and Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA [2] School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
authors: Qing
authors: Q
authors: Jin
authors: Centre for Chaos and Complex Networks, Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
authors: Lin
authors: L
authors: Wang
authors: Key Laboratory of Computer Vision and System (Ministry of Education) and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligence Computing and Novel Software Technology, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China.
authors: Cheng-Yi
authors: CY
authors: Xia
authors: 1] School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China [2] Department of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong [3] Center for Nonlinear Studies, Beijing-Hong Kong-Singapore Joint Center for Nonlinear and Complex systems (Hong Kong), and Institute of Computational and Theoretical Studies, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.
authors: Zhen
authors: Z
authors: Wang