title: Influence of 1800 MHz GSM-like electromagnetic radiation exposure on fracture healing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study, we aimed to investigate whether 1800 MHz frequency electromagnetic radiation (EMR) has an effect on bone healing.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 30 Wistar albino rats were divided into two equal groups. Fractures were created in the right tibias of all rats; next, intramedullary fixations with K-wire were performed. A control group (Group I) was kept under the same experimental conditions except without EMR exposure. Rats in Group II were exposed to an 1800 MHz frequency EMR for 30 min a day for 5 days a week. Next, radiological, mechanical, and histological examinations were performed to evaluate tibial fracture healing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Radiological, histological and mechanical scores were not significantly different between groups (respectively, p = 0.114, p = 0.184 and p = 0.083), and all of these scores were lower than those of the controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EMR at 1800 MHz frequency emitted from cellular phones has no effect on bone fracture healing.
authors: Afyonkarahisar State Hospital, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey. Electronic address: draaslan@hotmail.com.
authors: Ahmet
authors: A
authors: Aslan
authors: Süleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Isparta, Turkey.
authors: Vecihi
authors: V
authors: Kırdemır
authors: Dumlupınar University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Kütahya, Turkey.
authors: Ahmet
authors: A
authors: Kocak
authors: Süleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Isparta, Turkey.
authors: Tolga
authors: T
authors: Atay
authors: TBMM, Ankara, Turkey.
authors: Metin Lütfi
authors: ML
authors: Baydar
authors: Fatih Universty, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, İstanbul, Turkey.
authors: Remzi Arif
authors: RA
authors: Özerdemoglu
authors: Ankara Education and Research Hospital, Departments of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Ankara, Turkey.
authors: Nevres Hürriyet
authors: NH
authors: Aydogan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000528:radiation effects; D040421:Cell Phone; D060733:Electromagnetic Radiation; D017102:Fracture Healing / Q000528:radiation effects*; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D017208:Rats, Wistar
keywords: 1800 MHz; Electromagnetic radiation; Fracture healing; GSM; Mobile phone