title: Association of the triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio with the risk of chronic kidney disease: analysis in a large Japanese population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relationship between triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-C) and chronic kidney disease (CKD).
  
  
  METHODS
  We used data from 216,007 Japanese adults who participated in a nationwide health checkup program. Men (n = 88,516) and women (n = 127,491) were grouped into quartiles based on their TG/HDL-C levels (<1.26, 1.26-1.98, 1.99-3.18, and >3.18 in men; <0.96, 0.96-1.44, 1.45-2.22, and >2.22 in women). We cross-sectionally assessed the association of TG/HDL-C levels with CKD [defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) (low eGFR) and/or proteinuria (defined as urinary protein ≥ 1+ on dipstick testing)], low eGFR, and proteinuria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of CKD, low eGFR, and proteinuria increased significantly with elevating quartiles of TG/HDL-C in both genders (all P for trend <0.001). Participants in the highest quartile of TG/HDL-C had a significantly greater risk of CKD than those in the lowest quartile after adjustment for the relevant confounding factors (odds ratio: 1.57, 95% confidence interval: 1.49-1.65 in men; 1.41, 1.34-1.48 in women, respectively). Furthermore, there were significant associations with low eGFR and proteinuria. In stratified analysis, the risk of CKD increased linearly with greater TG/HDL-C levels in participants with and without hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. Moreover, higher TG/HDL-C levels were relevant for CKD, especially in participants with hypertension and diabetes (P for interaction <0.001, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An elevated TG/HDL-C is associated with the risk of CKD in the Japanese population.
authors: Department of Integrated Therapy for Chronic Kidney Disease, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan. Electronic address: tsuruya@intmed2.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp.
authors: Kazuhiko
authors: K
authors: Tsuruya
authors: Department of Integrated Therapy for Chronic Kidney Disease, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan. Electronic address: hisako@kcu.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp.
authors: Hisako
authors: H
authors: Yoshida
authors: Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan. Electronic address: masanaga@envmed.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp.
authors: Masaharu
authors: M
authors: Nagata
authors: Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan. Electronic address: kitazono@intmed2.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp.
authors: Takanari
authors: T
authors: Kitazono
authors: Division of Nephrology and Dialysis Center, Japanese Red Cross Fukuoka Hospital, 3-1-1 Okusu, Minami-ku, Fukuoka 815-8555, Japan. Electronic address: hhirakata@fukuoka-med.jrc.or.jp.
authors: Hideki
authors: H
authors: Hirakata
authors: Steering Committee for the Examination of the Positioning of CKD in Specific Health Check and Guidance, 3-28-8 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. Electronic address: chihokun@med.u-ryukyu.ac.jp.
authors: Kunitoshi
authors: K
authors: Iseki
authors: Steering Committee for the Examination of the Positioning of CKD in Specific Health Check and Guidance, 3-28-8 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. Electronic address: moriyama@wellness.hss.osaka-u.ac.jp.
authors: Toshiki
authors: T
authors: Moriyama
authors: Steering Committee for the Examination of the Positioning of CKD in Specific Health Check and Guidance, 3-28-8 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. Electronic address: k-yamaga@md.tsukuba.ac.jp.
authors: Kunihiro
authors: K
authors: Yamagata
authors: Steering Committee for the Examination of the Positioning of CKD in Specific Health Check and Guidance, 3-28-8 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. Electronic address: yoshihi@sapmed.ac.jp.
authors: Hideaki
authors: H
authors: Yoshida
authors: Steering Committee for the Examination of the Positioning of CKD in Specific Health Check and Guidance, 3-28-8 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. Electronic address: fujimos@fc.miyazaki-u.ac.jp.
authors: Shouichi
authors: S
authors: Fujimoto
authors: Steering Committee for the Examination of the Positioning of CKD in Specific Health Check and Guidance, 3-28-8 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. Electronic address: asahi@fmu.ac.jp.
authors: Koichi
authors: K
authors: Asahi
authors: Department of Planning, Information, and Management, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan. Electronic address: kurahashi@epistat.m.u-tokyo.ac.jp.
authors: Issei
authors: I
authors: Kurahashi
authors: Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. Electronic address: ohashi@epistat.m.u-tokyo.ac.jp.
authors: Yasuo
authors: Y
authors: Ohashi
authors: Steering Committee for the Examination of the Positioning of CKD in Specific Health Check and Guidance, 3-28-8 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. Electronic address: twat0423@fmu.ac.jp.
authors: Tsuyoshi
authors: T
authors: Watanabe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D014280:Triglycerides
keywords: Chronic kidney disease; Diabetes; Hypertension; Japanese population; Triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio