title: Clinical variables affecting the pregnancy rate of intracervical insemination using cryopreserved donor spermatozoa: a retrospective study in china.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to investigate whether several clinical variables can affect the pregnancy rate of intracervical insemination (ICI) using cryopreserved donor spermatozoa.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this retrospective study, age, years of infertility, cervicitis, urinary luteinizing hormone (LH) surge, insemination number, uterus position, endometrial thickness and morphology, maximal follicle diameter, and the number of dominant follicles on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) administration were retrospectively analyzed in 501 women who underwent their first ICI cycle using cryopreserved donor spermatozoa.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Increased age, length of infertility (>5 years), retroverted uterine position, and endometrial thickness (<7 mm or >14 mm) were associated with lower rates of pregnancy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In older women with infertile periods longer than five years, especially those with a retroverted uterus, intrauterine insemination (IUI) combined with ovarian stimulation should be recommended. in vitro fertilization with donor spermatozoa (IVFD) should be offered earlier to achieve a much higher success rate.
authors: Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors: Xiao-Jun
authors: XJ
authors: Chen
authors: Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors: Li-Ping
authors: LP
authors: Wu
authors: Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors: Hai-Lian
authors: HL
authors: Lan
authors: Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors: Li
authors: L
authors: Zhang
authors: Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors: Yi-Min
authors: YM
authors: Zhu
keywords: Artificial Insemination; Pregnancy Rate; Semen Donor