title: Clinical features, image findings, and prognosis of inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver: a multicenter experience of 45 cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) of the liver is a rare disease characterized by chronic infiltration of inflammatory cells. However, the clinical characteristics and outcomes of IPT remain uncertain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical features, image findings, and outcomes of 55 patients with histologically proven IPT were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  They consisted of 26 men and 19 women with median age of 65 years. Serum carcinoembryonal antigen and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 levels were normal in 42 patients (93.3%). Enhanced CT scans indicated poorly defined peripheral enhancement (82.5%) at the arterial phase and poorly defined hyperattenuating lesions with internal hypoattenuating areas at the equilibrium phase (77.0%). Gadolinium-enhancement MRI revealed poorly defined peripheral rim-like enhancement (77.8%). Ten patients underwent surgical resection and 35 were treated conservatively with or without antibiotics. No recurrence was noted after surgical resection during follow-up (1 to 48 months). In all patients who received conservative treatment, complete resolution or size reduction was noted during follow-up (1 to 192 months).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CT and MRI provide clues to the diagnosis of IPT in patients with liver masses and normal tumor markers. However, due to the lack of pathognomonic findings, the clinician's suspicion and histological diagnosis are necessary to make an accurate diagnosis of IPT.
authors: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Jun Young
authors: JY
authors: Park
authors: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Moon Seok
authors: MS
authors: Choi
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Young-Suk
authors: YS
authors: Lim
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Jang Won
authors: JW
authors: Park
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Seung Up
authors: SU
authors: Kim
authors: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Yang Won
authors: YW
authors: Min
authors: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Geum-Youn
authors: GY
authors: Gwak
authors: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Yong-Han
authors: YH
authors: Paik
authors: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Joon Hyoek
authors: JH
authors: Lee
authors: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Kwang Cheol
authors: KC
authors: Koh
authors: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Seung Woon
authors: SW
authors: Paik
authors: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Byung Chul
authors: BC
authors: Yoo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D006104:Granuloma, Plasma Cell / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media
keywords: Inflammatory pseudotumor; Liver