title: The time-course change in the lip closing force in Class III malocclusion after orthognathic surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to examine the changes with time in lip pressure after orthognathic surgery for skeletal Class III patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects consisted of 63 patients (32 female and 31 male) diagnosed with mandibular prognathism who underwent sagittal split ramus osteotomy with and without Le Fort I osteotomy. Maximum and minimum lip closing forces were measured with Lip De Cum(®). The changes with time were compared statistically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The maximum and minimum lip closing force increased time-dependently in men and women after surgery and there were significant differences between men and women with changes with time in the maximum lip closing force (p = 0.0086) and the minimum lip closing force (p = 0.0302). After 1 year, the Class III group maximum lip closing force was significantly smaller than the control group in both men (p < 0.0001) and women (p < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that there was significant difference in over time in the lip closing force between men and women in Class III patients. Although the maximum lip closing force increased with time, it did not reach the level of the control group after 1 year.
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Head: Prof. Dr. K. Ueki), Division of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan. Electronic address: kueki@yamanashi.ac.jp.
authors: Koichiro
authors: K
authors: Ueki
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Head: Prof. Dr. K. Ueki), Division of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan.
authors: Kohei
authors: K
authors: Marukawa
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Head: Prof. Dr. K. Ueki), Division of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan.
authors: Akinori
authors: A
authors: Moroi
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Head: Prof. Dr. K. Ueki), Division of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan.
authors: Megumi
authors: M
authors: Sotobori
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Head: Prof. Dr. K. Ueki), Division of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan.
authors: Yuri
authors: Y
authors: Ishihara
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Head: Prof. Dr. K. Ueki), Division of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan.
authors: Ran
authors: R
authors: Iguchi
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Head: Prof. Dr. K. Ueki), Division of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan.
authors: Akihiko
authors: A
authors: Kohsaka
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Head: Prof. Dr. K. Ueki), Division of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan.
authors: Yoshio
authors: Y
authors: Nakano
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Head: Prof. Dr. K. Ueki), Division of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan.
authors: Masatoshi
authors: M
authors: Higuchi
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Head: Prof. Dr. K. Ueki), Division of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan.
authors: Ryuichi
authors: R
authors: Nakazawa
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Head: Prof. Dr. K. Ueki), Division of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan.
authors: Hiroumi
authors: H
authors: Ikawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D059925:Anatomic Landmarks / Q000473:pathology; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008046:Lip / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008313:Malocclusion, Angle Class III / Q000601:surgery*; D008334:Mandible / Q000473:pathology; D008437:Maxilla / Q000473:pathology; D056948:Orthognathic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D019340:Osteotomy, Le Fort / Q000379:methods; D059229:Osteotomy, Sagittal Split Ramus / Q000379:methods; D011312:Pressure; D011378:Prognathism / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D014160:Transducers, Pressure
keywords: Lip closing force; Mandibular prognathism; Orthognathic surgery