title: Nasal endoscopy in the management of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction.
abstract: Probing is a reliable surgical intervention for the management of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO). However, it is a blind procedure that carries the risk of false passage formation. Moreover, its success rate is variable, with unexplained causes of failure. Recent literature suggests the use of nasal endoscopic-assisted probing to minimize nasal mucosal trauma, decreases the chance of creating a false passage and provides the optimum management option of different congenital variants of nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Nasal endoscopic-assisted probing has more or less consistent success rates varied between 85% and 98% compared with probing success rates, which vary between 55% and 95% despite having almost the same age range.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors: Yasser H
authors: YH
authors: Al-Faky
keywords: Congenital; Endoscope; Nasal; Nasolacrimal duct; Obstruction; Probing