title: Long-term fate of the bladder after isolated bladder neck procedure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent and historical studies suggest that bladder neck procedures (BNPs) without augmentation are safe and effective. In select patients we have performed BNPs without concomitant augmentation. We sought to determine long-term outcomes of this approach and attempt to identify risk factors for bladder deterioration.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective chart review was conducted to identify patients who underwent a BNP without bladder augmentation and followed for at least 4 years. BNPs were only performed in patients with favorable preoperative urodynamics (UDS). The charts were analyzed for long-term outcomes with the primary endpoint of bladder augmentation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-nine patients (21 females) with poor bladder outlet resistance underwent a BNP without augmentation (mean follow-up 8 years). Thirteen patients (45%) were augmented at an average of 2.6 years. No predictive UDS parameters were identified; however, exploratory analysis suggested detrusor pressure at 100 mL bladder volume prior to BNP (p = 0.009) was predictive of delayed augmentation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We report a 45% augmentation rate after isolated BNP in patients with favorable preoperative UDS parameters. We recommend close observation of this patient population with serial UDS, routine ultrasounds, and appropriate preoperative counseling prior to undertaking this approach, as this represents a life-long risk to the upper tracts.
authors: Division of Pediatric Urology, Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University School of Medicine, 705 Riley Hospital Drive, Suite 4230, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. Electronic address: bwhittam@iupui.edu.
authors: Benjamin
authors: B
authors: Whittam
authors: Division of Pediatric Urology, Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University School of Medicine, 705 Riley Hospital Drive, Suite 4230, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
authors: Konrad
authors: K
authors: Szymanski
authors: Division of Pediatric Urology, Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University School of Medicine, 705 Riley Hospital Drive, Suite 4230, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
authors: Rosalie
authors: R
authors: Misseri
authors: Division of Pediatric Urology, Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University School of Medicine, 705 Riley Hospital Drive, Suite 4230, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
authors: Aaron
authors: A
authors: Carroll
authors: Division of Pediatric Urology, Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University School of Medicine, 705 Riley Hospital Drive, Suite 4230, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Kaefer
authors: Division of Pediatric Urology, Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University School of Medicine, 705 Riley Hospital Drive, Suite 4230, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
authors: Richard
authors: R
authors: Rink
authors: Division of Pediatric Urology, Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University School of Medicine, 705 Riley Hospital Drive, Suite 4230, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
authors: Mark
authors: M
authors: Cain
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003187:Compliance; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D017211:Treatment Failure; D001750:Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D014563:Urodynamics; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Bladder augmentation; Bladder neck procedure; Bladder neck repair