title: A software system for evaluation and training of spatial reasoning and neuroanatomical knowledge in a virtual environment.
abstract: This paper describes the design and development of a software tool for the evaluation and training of surgical residents using an interactive, immersive, virtual environment. Our objective was to develop a tool to evaluate user spatial reasoning skills and knowledge in a neuroanatomical context, as well as to augment their performance through interactivity. In the visualization, manually segmented anatomical surface images of MRI scans of the brain were rendered using a stereo display to improve depth cues. A magnetically tracked wand was used as a 3D input device for localization tasks within the brain. The movement of the wand was made to correspond to movement of a spherical cursor within the rendered scene, providing a reference for localization. Users can be tested on their ability to localize structures within the 3D scene, and their ability to place anatomical features at the appropriate locations within the rendering.
authors: Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: rarmst2@uwo.ca.
authors: Ryan
authors: R
authors: Armstrong
authors: Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, Canada; Electrical and Computer Software Engineering, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, Canada.
authors: Sandrine
authors: S
authors: de Ribaupierre
authors: Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, Canada; Electrical and Computer Software Engineering, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, Canada.
authors: Roy
authors: R
authors: Eagleson
mesh_terms: D004501:Education, Medical / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D009420:Nervous System / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D012984:Software; D014584:User-Computer Interface
keywords: 3D input; Human–computer interfaces; Neurosurgery; OpenGL; Software architecture; Spatial reasoning