title: A model for cofactor use during HIV-1 reverse transcription and nuclear entry.
abstract: Lentiviruses have evolved to infect and replicate in a variety of cell types in vivo whilst avoiding the powerful inhibitory activities of restriction factors or cell autonomous innate immune responses. In this review we offer our opinions on how HIV-1 uses a series of host proteins as cofactors for infection. We present a model that may explain how the capsid protein has a fundamental role in the early part of the viral lifecycle by utilising cyclophilin A (CypA), cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor-6 (CPSF6), Nup358 and TNPO3 to orchestrate a coordinated process of DNA synthesis, capsid uncoating and integration targeting that evades innate responses and promotes integration into preferred areas of chromatin.
authors: University College London, Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Molecular Virology, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, 90 Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: Hilditch
authors: University College London, Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Molecular Virology, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, 90 Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom. Electronic address: g.towers@ucl.ac.uk.
authors: Greg J
authors: GJ
authors: Towers
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus; D021984:Cyclophilin A / Q000378:metabolism; D016655:HIV Core Protein p24 / Q000378:metabolism; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D018832:Molecular Chaperones / Q000378:metabolism; D028861:Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D048348:Reverse Transcription; D028961:beta Karyopherins / Q000378:metabolism; D039221:mRNA Cleavage and Polyadenylation Factors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016655:HIV Core Protein p24; D018832:Molecular Chaperones; D028861:Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins; C546476:TNPO3 protein, human; D028961:beta Karyopherins; C450562:cleavage factor Im, human; D039221:mRNA Cleavage and Polyadenylation Factors; C094493:ran-binding protein 2; D021984:Cyclophilin A