title: Measurement of long-chain fatty acid uptake into adipocytes.
abstract: The ability of white and brown adipose tissue to efficiently take up long-chain fatty acids is key to their physiological functions in energy storage and thermogenesis, respectively. Several approaches have been taken to determine uptake rates by cultured cells and primary adipocytes including radio- and fluorescently labeled fatty acids. In addition, the recent description of activatable bioluminescent fatty acids has opened the possibility for expanding these in vitro approaches to real-time monitoring of fatty acid uptake kinetics by adipose depots in vivo. Here, we will describe some of the most useful experimental paradigms to quantitatively determine long-chain fatty acid uptake by adipocytes in vitro and provide the reader with detailed instruction on how bioluminescent probes for in vivo imaging can be synthesized and used in living mice.
authors: Department of Chemistry, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors: Elena
authors: E
authors: Dubikovskaya
authors: Department of Nutritional Science and Toxicology, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA.
authors: Rostislav
authors: R
authors: Chudnovskiy
authors: Department of Chemistry, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors: Grigory
authors: G
authors: Karateev
authors: Department of Nutritional Science and Toxicology, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA.
authors: Hyo Min
authors: HM
authors: Park
authors: Department of Nutritional Science and Toxicology, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA. Electronic address: astahl@berkeley.edu.
authors: Andreas
authors: A
authors: Stahl
mesh_terms: D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D001896:Boron Compounds / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D049408:Luminescent Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D008163:Luminescent Measurements / Q000379:methods*; D051379:Mice; D015335:Molecular Probes / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D061848:Optical Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D051598:Whole Body Imaging / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: C095489:4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene; D001896:Boron Compounds; D005227:Fatty Acids; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D049408:Luminescent Agents; D015335:Molecular Probes
keywords: Adipocytes; Brown adipose tissue; Fatty acid transport proteins; Fatty acid uptake; In vivo imaging; Long-chain fatty acids; White adipose tissue