title: A school-based cross-sectional survey of adverse events following co-administration of albendazole and praziquantel for preventive chemotherapy against urogenital schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis in Kwale County, Kenya.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Soil-transmitted helminths and schistosomiasis are mostly prevalent in developing countries due to poor sanitation and lack of adequate clean water. School-age children tend to be the target of chemotherapy-based control programmes because they carry the heaviest worm and egg burdens. The present study examines adverse events (AEs) experienced following co-administration of albendazole and praziquantel to school-age children in a rural area in Kwale County, Kenya.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children were treated with single doses of albendazole and praziquantel tablets and then interviewed using a questionnaire for post treatment AEs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 752 children, 47.6% boys, participated in the study. Their median (interquartile range) age was 12.0 (10.0-14.0) years. A total of 190 (25.3%) children reportedly experienced at least one AE. In total, 239 cases of AEs were reported with the most frequent being abdominal pains (46.3%), dizziness (33.2%) and nausea (21.1%). Majority of the reported AEs (80.8%) resolved themselves while 12.1% and 6.3% were countered by, respectively, self-medication and visiting a nearby health facility. More girls (60.5%) than boys (39.5%) reported AEs (P = 0.027).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The AEs were mild and transient, and were no worse than those expected following monotherapy. The current study adds to the evidence base that dual administration of albendazole and praziquantel in school-based mass drug administration is safe with only mild adverse events noted.
authors: Eastern and Southern Africa Centre of International Parasite Control (ESACIPAC), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Mbagathi Road, Nairobi, Kenya.
authors: Sammy M
authors: SM
authors: Njenga
authors: Division of Vector-Borne Diseases & Neglected Tropical Diseases (DVBD-NTD), Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya.
authors: Paul M
authors: PM
authors: Ng'ang'a
authors: Division of Vector-Borne Diseases & Neglected Tropical Diseases (DVBD-NTD), Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya.
authors: Mariam T
authors: MT
authors: Mwanje
authors: Environmental Health Department, Kwale County, Kenya.
authors: Fatuma S
authors: FS
authors: Bendera
authors: Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
authors: Moses J
authors: MJ
authors: Bockarie
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015766:Albendazole / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000871:Anthelmintics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004358:Drug Therapy; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006373:Helminthiasis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D007630:Kenya / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D011223:Praziquantel / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012553:Schistosomiasis haematobia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D012574:Schools; D012987:Soil / Q000469:parasitology*
chemical_list: D000871:Anthelmintics; D012987:Soil; D011223:Praziquantel; D015766:Albendazole