title: New therapies for allergic rhinitis.
abstract: Because of its burden on patient's lives and its impact on asthma, allergic rhinitis must be treated properly with more effective and safer treatments. According to guidelines by Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma (ARIA), the classification, pathogenesis, and treatment of allergic rhinitis are well defined. Currently, second-generation antihistamines and inhaled steroids are considered the cornerstone of first-line therapy. However, new formulations of available drugs (e.g., loratadine and rupatadine oral solution, ebastine fast-dissolving tablets, and the combination of intranasal fluticasone propionate and azelastine hydrochloride), recently discovered molecules (e.g., ciclesonide, bilastine, and phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors), immunologic targets (e.g., omalizumab), and unconventional treatments (e.g., homeopathic treatments) are currently under investigation and represent a new frontier in modern medicine and in allergic rhinitis management. The aim of this review is to provide an update on allergic rhinitis treatment, paying particular attention to clinical trials published within the past 20 months that assessed the efficacy and safety of new formulations of available drugs or new molecules.
authors: Allergy & Respiratory Diseases Clinic - DIMI, University of Genoa, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Pad. Maragliano, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy, fulvio.braido@unige.it.
authors: Fulvio
authors: F
authors: Braido
authors: Francesca
authors: F
authors: Sclifò
authors: Matteo
authors: M
authors: Ferrando
authors: Giorgio Walter
authors: GW
authors: Canonica
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000730:Androstadienes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018926:Anti-Allergic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000888:Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002090:Butyrophenones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003533:Cyproheptadine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000068298:Fluticasone; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D000069444:Omalizumab; D010793:Phthalazines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010880:Piperidines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011282:Pregnenediones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D065631:Rhinitis, Allergic; D012221:Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000730:Androstadienes; D018926:Anti-Allergic Agents; D000888:Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D001562:Benzimidazoles; D002090:Butyrophenones; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists; D010793:Phthalazines; D010880:Piperidines; D011282:Pregnenediones; C103639:rupatadine; D000069444:Omalizumab; D003533:Cyproheptadine; D000068298:Fluticasone; C445659:bilastine; C120481:ciclesonide; C058249:ebastine; C020976:azelastine