title: Average hospital length of stay, nurses' work demands, and their health and job outcomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relationship between average hospital length of stay (LOS) of nursing units and work demands perceived by nurses, and between work demands and nurses' health and job outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study using nurse survey data collected in a tertiary university hospital in Seoul, South Korea, in 2013 including 746 staff nurses working on 36 general, oncology, or intensive care units.
  
  
  METHODS
  Each unit's average LOS was categorized as short (1st quartile), medium (2nd and 3rd quartiles), or long (4th quartile). Work demands (i.e., quantitative demands, work pace, and emotional demands), and nurses' health and job outcomes were measured using the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire II. Their relationships were examined by multiple linear or logistic regression analyses with multilevel modeling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The nurses reported high mean scores of work demands and poor health and job outcomes, compared with other occupations. The nurses working on units with a short or medium (vs. long) LOS perceived higher quantitative and emotional demands, and a higher work pace. Greater quantitative and emotional demands were associated with poor self-rated health, greater sleeping troubles, work-family conflict, stress and burnout, lower job satisfaction, and a greater intent to leave. A higher work pace was also significantly related to greater work-family conflict.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A shorter LOS was associated with higher work demands, and higher work demands were associated with worse nurse outcomes. Thus, excessive work demands should be avoided to prevent nurses' health and job outcomes from deteriorating.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nurse managers need to monitor the impacts of reducing LOS on work demands and nurse outcomes and request additional nurses to meet increasing work demands.
authors: Associate Professor, College of Nursing, Research Institute of Nursing Science, Seoul National University, South Korea.
authors: Sung-Hyun
authors: SH
authors: Cho
authors: Mihyun
authors: M
authors: Park
authors: Sang Hee
authors: SH
authors: Jeon
authors: Hyoung Eun
authors: HE
authors: Chang
authors: Hyun-Ja
authors: HJ
authors: Hong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003220:Conflict, Psychological; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006757:Hospital Units / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D015403:Nursing Evaluation Research; D015404:Nursing Methodology Research; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D056910:Republic of Korea; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D062606:Tertiary Care Centers; D013997:Time Factors; D016526:Workload / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: Health; length of stay; nurse; outcome; workload