title: Increased plasma advanced oxidation protein products is an early marker of endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes patients without albuminuria 2.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endothelial dysfunction is an early event of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and can occur before albuminuria. Oxidative stress has been found to play a key role in the development of endothelial dysfunction. Therefore, we hypothesized that increases in plasma advanced oxidized protein products (AOPPs), a family of oxidized, dityrosine-containing protein compounds generated during oxidative stress, could serve as an early marker of endothelial dysfunction in T2D patients without albuminuria.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a cross-sectional investigation of 147 newly diagnosed T2D patients (112 without albuminuria and 35 with albuminuria) and 49 age-matched healthy control subjects. Flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) was used to assess endothelium-dependent vasodilator function, and plasma soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) concentrations were determined to evaluate vascular injury. Plasma AOPPs concentrations were measured using a modified spectrophotometric assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma AOPPs concentrations were significantly elevated in normoalbuminuric patients with T2D compared with healthy controls. Plasma AOPPs concentrations were correlated with FMD and plasma sICAM-1 concentrations in this population. Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that increased plasma AOPPs was the strongest risk factor for impaired endothelial vasodilation and increased sICAM-1 in these patients. Similar results were observed in T2D patients with albuminuria.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased plasma AOPPs concentrations were an independent risk factor for endothelial dysfunction, and therefore may be an early marker of vasculopathy in individuals at an early stage of diabetes.
authors: Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Center of Kidney Disease, Guangzhou, China.
authors: Min
authors: M
authors: Liang
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Wang
authors: Chao
authors: C
authors: Xie
authors: Yan
authors: Y
authors: Yang
authors: Jian Wei
authors: JW
authors: Tian
authors: Yao Ming
authors: YM
authors: Xue
authors: Fan Fan
authors: FF
authors: Hou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D062107:Advanced Oxidation Protein Products / Q000097:blood*; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000209:etiology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012307:Risk Factors; D015854:Up-Regulation; D014664:Vasodilation
chemical_list: D062107:Advanced Oxidation Protein Products; D015415:Biomarkers; C573420:ICAM1 protein, human; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1
keywords: advanced oxidation protein products; endothelial dysfunction; normoalbuminuria; type 2 diabetes mellitus; 关键词：晚期蛋白氧化产物，内皮细胞功能异常，正常尿白蛋白，2型糖尿病