title: The effects of remote ischemic preconditioning and N-acetylcysteine with remote ischemic preconditioning in rat hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIP) and pharmacological preconditioning are the effective methods that can be used to prevent ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of RIP and N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) with RIP in the rat hepatic IR injury model.
  
  
  METHODS
  28 rats were divided into 4 groups. Group I (sham): only laparotomy was performed. Group II (IR): following 30 minutes of hepatic pedicle occlusion, 4 hours of reperfusion was performed. Group III (RIP + IR): following 3 cycles of RIP, hepatic IR was performed. Group IV (RIP + NAC + IR): following RIP and intraperitoneal administration of NAC (150 mg/kg), hepatic IR was performed. All the rats were sacrificed after blood samples were taken for the measurements of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and liver was processed for conventional histopathology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The hepatic histopathological injury scores of RIP + IR and RIP + NAC + IR groups were significantly lower than IR group (P = 0.006, P = 0.003, resp.). There were no significant differences in AST and ALT values between the IR, RIP + IR, and RIP + NAC + IR groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the present study, it was demonstrated histopathologically that RIP and RIP + NAC decreased hepatic IR injury significantly.
authors: Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Dokuz Eylul University Medical School, Inciralti, 35340 Izmir, Turkey.
authors: Ali Ihsan
authors: AI
authors: Uysal
authors: Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Dokuz Eylul University Medical School, Inciralti, 35340 Izmir, Turkey.
authors: Elvan
authors: E
authors: Ocmen
authors: Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Dokuz Eylul University Medical School, Inciralti, 35340 Izmir, Turkey.
authors: Mert
authors: M
authors: Akan
authors: Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Dokuz Eylul University Medical School, Inciralti, 35340 Izmir, Turkey.
authors: Sevda
authors: S
authors: Ozkardesler
authors: Department of Histology and Embryology, University Medical School, 35340 Izmir, Turkey.
authors: Bekir Ugur
authors: BU
authors: Ergur
authors: Department of Laboratory Animal Science, University Medical School, 35340 Izmir, Turkey.
authors: Ensari
authors: E
authors: Guneli
authors: Department of Biochemistry, University Medical School, 35340 Izmir, Turkey.
authors: Tuncay
authors: T
authors: Kume
authors: Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Dokuz Eylul University Medical School, Inciralti, 35340 Izmir, Turkey.
authors: Uğur
authors: U
authors: Koca
authors: Department of Public Health, University Medical School, 35340 Izmir, Turkey.
authors: Belgin
authors: B
authors: Unal Togrul
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning / Q000379:methods*; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D000111:Acetylcysteine