title: [Overview of urethral strictures: etiology, epidemiology, physiopathology and classification. General principles of urethral repair].
abstract: In this article we present the causes of urethral stenosis in the adult male and review data about incidence. Regarding disease physiopathology we emphasize the inflammatory causes and, more specifically lichen sclerosus, as the clinical scenario that presents the greater difficulty for the management of urethral stenosis since we do not know its natural evolution. Regarding treatment of urethral stenosis we discuss the various options from excision and terminal-terminal anastomosis to oral mucosal graft augmentation urethroplasty, passing by two-step operations in more severe cases. Looking forward to the future a real gate opens with the application of tissue engineering to obtain oral mucosa.
authors: Servicio de Urologia. Hospital Universitario Fundacion Alcorcon. Madrid .Spain.
authors: Carlos
authors: C
authors: Llorente Abarca
authors: Virginia
authors: V
authors: Hernández
authors: Francisco Javier
authors: FJ
authors: Díaz Goizueta
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical / Q000379:methods; D004106:Dilatation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D018459:Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D009061:Mouth Mucosa; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods; D014521:Urethra / Q000293:injuries; D014525:Urethral Stricture / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D014526:Urethritis / Q000150:complications; D014546:Urinary Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects; D013521:Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male / Q000379:methods