title: Effect of intravenous fentanyl given prior to the end of surgery on emergence agitation in pediatric patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Evaluate the effect of intravenous fentanyl on the incidence and severity of EA.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the clinical trial, 144 patients aged between two and nine years, scheduled for elective surgery were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive either fentanyl 1 microg/kg or normal saline 1 ml/10 kg, 15 minutes before the end of surgery. Watcha's behavioral emergence delirium scale was used to assess EA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of EA was lower in the fentanyl group (11/72 vs. 23/72 person respectively, p = 0.03). However there was no statistically significant difference in the number of patients with severe EA (1/72 vs. 6/72 person respectively, p = 0.12). Fewer number of patients in the fentanyl group had moderate to severe pain when compared with the control group (16/72 vs. 30/72 person respectively, p = 0.02). The number of patient who required rescue analgesia was significantly lower in the fentanyl group (18/72 vs. 30/72 person respectively, p = 0.04). There were no statistically significant differences in terms of emergence time, postoperative adverse events, and length of stay in the post-anesthetic care unit between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Administration of intravenous fentanyl 1 microg/kg 15 minutes prior the end of surgery decreased the incidence of EA and reduced pain without delaying emergence and without any increase in postoperative complications.
authors: Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand. ngamjitp@yahoo.com
authors: Ngamjit
authors: N
authors: Pattaravit
authors: Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand.
authors: Maliwan
authors: M
authors: Oofuwong
authors: Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand.
authors: Sangduen
authors: S
authors: Klaina
authors: Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand.
authors: Panyawee
authors: P
authors: Chuakham
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy; D011595:Psychomotor Agitation / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D005283:Fentanyl