title: Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor and the intestinal innate immune cell homeostasis in Crohn's disease.
abstract: Current literature consolidates the view of Crohn's disease (CD) as a form of immunodeficiency highlighting dysregulation of intestinal innate immunity in the pathogenesis of CD. Intestinal macrophages derived from blood monocytes play a key role in sustaining the innate immune homeostasis in the intestine, suggesting that the monocyte/macrophage compartment might be an attractive therapeutic target for the management of CD. Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a hematopoietic growth factor that also promotes myeloid cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation. GM-CSF has a protective effect in human CD and mouse models of colitis. However, the role of GM-CSF in immune and inflammatory reactions in the intestine is not well defined. Beneficial effects exerted by GM-CSF during intestinal inflammation could relate to modulation of the mucosal barrier function in the intestine, including epithelial cell proliferation, survival, restitution, and immunomodulatory actions. The aim of this review is to summarize potential mechanistic roles of GM-CSF in intestinal innate immune cell homeostasis and to highlight its central role in maintenance of the intestinal immune barrier in the context of immunodeficiency in CD.
authors: The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Gastrointestinal Research in Inflammation & Pathology, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; University of Melbourne, Melbourne Medical School, Department of Paediatrics, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; University Children's Hospital Münster, Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, Münster, Germany; and University of Münster, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, Münster, Germany.
authors: Jan
authors: J
authors: Däbritz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000276:immunology; D003092:Colitis / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000276:immunology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000473:pathology; D007422:Intestines / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D016187:Receptors, Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D016187:Receptors, Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor
keywords: cytokine autoantibodies; dendritic cells; epithelial barrier; immune response; immunodeficiency; myeloid-derived suppressor cells; pathogenesis