title: Vitamin K2 in different bovine muscles and breeds.
abstract: Meat is a natural source of vitamin K, a vitamin associated with reduced bone loss and prevention of osteoporosis. Whether vitamin K content varies between breeds and muscles in cattle is not known. In the present study, contents of vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) and K2 (menaquinone, MK) were analysed in three different muscles from steers of two different breeds, Norwegian Red and Jersey, respectively. Results showed that MK4 was the most dominant of the vitamin K2 analogues, while only traces were found of MK6 and MK7. Both breeds had higher levels of MK4 in M. biceps femoris (BF) and M. longissimus dorsi (LD) compared to M. psoas major (PM). The results also showed significantly higher MK4 levels in muscles from Jersey compared to Norwegian Red. Furthermore, MK4 was not associated with intramuscular fat, suggesting a physiological role for MK4 in skeletal muscle cells. There were no association between vitamin K content and tenderness.
authors: Nofima AS, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, P.O. Box 210, N-1431 Ås, Norway. Electronic address: rune.rodbotten@nofima.no.
authors: Rune
authors: R
authors: Rødbotten
authors: AS Vitas, Gaustadalleen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway.
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Gundersen
authors: VitaK BV, Oxfordlaan 70, 6229 EV Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors: Cees
authors: C
authors: Vermeer
authors: Nofima AS, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, P.O. Box 210, N-1431 Ås, Norway.
authors: Bente
authors: B
authors: Kirkhus
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001947:Breeding; D002417:Cattle; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis*; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000737:chemistry; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000737:chemistry*; D010837:Vitamin K 1 / Q000032:analysis; D024482:Vitamin K 2 / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D024482:Vitamin K 2; D010837:Vitamin K 1
keywords: Beef; Breed; Menaquinone; Muscle; Vitamin K2