title: Effects of AG490 and S3I-201 on regulation of the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway in relation to angiogenesis in TRAIL-resistant prostate cancer cellsin vitro.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to analyze the molecular mechanisms involved in blocking the signaling pathway and the effects of this on the progression of prostate cancer (CaP) cellsin vitro. LNCaP human CaP cell line was stimulated with interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the presence/absence of Janus kinase (JAK) 2 (AG490), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 [(STAT3) S3I-201] inhibitors and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). Cytotoxic activity, the activation of phosphorylated (p)-STAT3 protein, caspase (CASP) 3 activity at protein level, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) A, VEGFC, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, STAT3, matrix metalloproteinase-2, myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1 (MCL-1), CASP8 and CASP9 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were determined. Morphology and apoptosis were confirmed by DAPI staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay. IL-6 rapidly induced the phosphorylation of STAT3 in a dose- and time-dependent manner with a peak expression at 3 h at a concentration of 25 ng/ml. In addition, AG490 (50 μM) and S3I-201 (300 μM) inhibited STAT3 activation. Western blotting results revealed that p-STAT3 protein expression decreased significantly with AG490 and S3I-201 treatment in LNCaP cells. AG490 and S3I-201 induced the downregulation of VEGFA, MCL-1 and STAT3 and the upregulation of CASP8 and CASP9 mRNA transcription levels. In addition, the inhibitors increased the level of CASP3 protein. Combinations of AG490- and S3I-201-TRAIL did not result in an increase in this effect. Parallel results were found by DAPI staining and TUNEL assay. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the possible clinical use of AG490 or S3I-201, together with the reduced use of chemotherapeutic agents with high cytotoxicity, for their ability to exert an apoptotic effect, targeting the JAK/STAT3 pathway.
authors: Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara 06500, Turkey ; Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University Ankara, Ankara 06100, Turkey.
authors: Venhar
authors: V
authors: Gurbuz
authors: Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara 06500, Turkey.
authors: Ece
authors: E
authors: Konac
authors: Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara 06500, Turkey.
authors: Nuray
authors: N
authors: Varol
authors: Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara 06500, Turkey.
authors: Akin
authors: A
authors: Yilmaz
authors: Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara 06500, Turkey ; Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara 06500, Turkey.
authors: Serhat
authors: S
authors: Gurocak
authors: Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara 06500, Turkey.
authors: Sevda
authors: S
authors: Menevse
authors: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara 06500, Turkey.
authors: Sinan
authors: S
authors: Sozen
keywords: JAK and STAT inhibitors; JAK/STAT pathway; angiogenesis; apoptosis; prostate cancer