title: Pulmonary ossification syndrome in a patient with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.
abstract: Pulmonary ossification syndrome is a rare disease characterized by bone tissue formation in the lung parenchyma with or without bone marrow elements. This disorder, often under-recognized, can be idiopathic or secondary to an underlying chronic disorder such as chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. The pathogenesis involves tissue injury and an alkaline environment in which the precipitation of calcium salts enables alkaline phosphatase activity. This activates profibrogenic cytokines that convert fibroblasts into osteoblasts. Diagnosis can prove challenging and is based on clinical, radiographic and functional tests, and by tissue biopsy. Achieving an accurate and timely diagnosis is essential to avoid erroneous treatments due to misdiagnosis and to expand knowledge of its progression, prognosis and treatment. As the population and prevalence of chronic lung disease increases, it is likely that physicians will encounter more cases of pulmonary ossification.
authors: Noreen Amirali
authors: NA
authors: Rajwani
authors: Lakshmi
authors: L
authors: Puttagunta
authors: James
authors: J
authors: Barrie
authors: Meena
authors: M
authors: Kalluri
mesh_terms: D058109:Airway Management; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001706:Biopsy / Q000379:methods; D002908:Chronic Disease; D018450:Disease Progression; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D008168:Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009999:Ossification, Heterotopic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000379:methods; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests / Q000379:methods; D012138:Respiratory Therapy / Q000379:methods; D013577:Syndrome; D020775:Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants