title: A humanized tissue-engineered in vivo model to dissect interactions between human prostate cancer cells and human bone.
abstract: Currently used xenograft models for prostate cancer bone metastasis lack the adequate tissue composition necessary to study the interactions between human prostate cancer cells and the human bone microenvironment. We introduce a tissue engineering approach to explore the interactions between human tumor cells and a humanized bone microenvironment. Scaffolds, seeded with human primary osteoblasts in conjunction with BMP7, were implanted into immunodeficient mice to form humanized tissue engineered bone constructs (hTEBCs) which consequently resulted in the generation of highly vascularized and viable humanized bone. At 12 weeks, PC3 and LNCaP cells were injected into the hTEBCs. Seven weeks later the mice were euthanized. Micro-CT, histology, TRAP, PTHrP and osteocalcin staining results reflected the different characteristics of the two cell lines regarding their phenotypic growth pattern within bone. Microvessel density, as assessed by vWF staining, showed that tumor vessel density was significantly higher in LNCaP injected hTEBC implants than in those injected with PC3 cells (p < 0.001). Interestingly, PC3 cells showed morphological features of epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypes suggesting a cellular plasticity within this microenvironment. Taken together, a highly reproducible humanized model was established which is successful in generating LNCaP and PC3 tumors within a complex humanized bone microenvironment. This model simulates the conditions seen clinically more closely than any other model described in the literature to date and hence represents a powerful experimental platform that can be used in future work to investigate specific biological questions relevant to bone metastasis.
authors: Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia.|Regenerative Medicine Group, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4049, Australia.
authors: Parisa
authors: P
authors: Hesami
authors: Regenerative Medicine Group, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4049, Australia.|Orthopedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Wuerzburg, Brettreichstr. 11, 97072, Würzburg, Germany.
authors: Boris M
authors: BM
authors: Holzapfel
authors: Group of Cellular Machines, Biotec TU Dresden, Am Tatzberg 47-49, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Taubenberger
authors: Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Box 357470, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
authors: Martine
authors: M
authors: Roudier
authors: Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3Z6, Canada.
authors: Ladan
authors: L
authors: Fazli
authors: Regenerative Medicine Group, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4049, Australia.
authors: Shirly
authors: S
authors: Sieh
authors: Regenerative Medicine Group, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4049, Australia.
authors: Laure
authors: L
authors: Thibaudeau
authors: Skeletal Biology Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia.
authors: Laura S
authors: LS
authors: Gregory
authors: Regenerative Medicine Group, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4049, Australia. dietmar.hutmacher@qut.edu.au.|George W Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 801 Ferst Drive Northwest, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA. dietmar.hutmacher@qut.edu.au.
authors: Dietmar W
authors: DW
authors: Hutmacher
authors: Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia. j.clements@qut.edu.au.|Cancer Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia. j.clements@qut.edu.au.
authors: Judith A
authors: JA
authors: Clements
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D016688:Mice, Inbred NOD; D016513:Mice, SCID; D008954:Models, Biological; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
keywords: Bone metastasis; Mouse model; Osteotropism; Prostate cancer; Tissue engineering