title: Duration of protection after first dose of acellular pertussis vaccine in infants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Data on the effectiveness of the diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine in the first 4 years of life are sparse. We evaluated the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of 1 and 2 doses of DTaP before 6 months of age and of 3 doses from 6 months of age in Australia, where, since 2003, a fourth dose is not given until 4 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  We matched reported pertussis cases aged 2 to 47 months between January 2005 and December 2009 to controls from a population-based immunization register by date of birth and region of residence. VE by number of doses and age group was calculated as (1 - odds ratio) × 100%.
  
  
  RESULTS
  VE against hospitalization increased from 55.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 42.7%-65.1%) for 1 dose before 4 months of age to 83.0% (95% CI, 70.2%-90.3%) for 2 doses before 6 months. The VE of 3 doses of DTaP against all reported pertussis was 83.5% (95% CI, 79.1%-87.8%) between 6 and 11 months, declining to 70.7% (95% CI, 64.5%-75.8%) between 2 and 3 years of age and 59.2% (95% CI, 51.0%-66.0%) between 3 and 4 years of age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DTaP provided good protection against pertussis in the first year of life from the first dose. Without a booster dose, the effectiveness of 3 doses waned more rapidly from 2 to 4 years of age than previously documented for children >6 years of age who had received 5 doses.
authors: National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Diseases, and.
authors: Helen E
authors: HE
authors: Quinn
authors: Thomas L
authors: TL
authors: Snelling
authors: Kristine K
authors: KK
authors: Macartney
authors: Peter B
authors: PB
authors: McIntyre
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002675:Child, Preschool; D022681:Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular Pertussis Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends*; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods; D013997:Time Factors; D014917:Whooping Cough / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D022681:Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular Pertussis Vaccines
keywords: effectiveness; immunization; pertussis; vaccine; waning