title: Obesity coexists with malnutrition? Adequacy of food consumption by severely obese patients to dietary reference intake recommendations.
abstract: To assess the adequacy of food intake in severely obese patients and describe their main nutritional deficiencies on the basis of Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs). Patients on a waiting list for bariatric surgery were sequentially recruited from March 2010 to November 2011. All subjects underwent nutritional status assessment (anthropometry, dietary recall and semi-structured interview), socioeconomic evaluation (Brazilian Association of Research Companies criteria) and laboratory testing (glucose/hormone/lipid panel). A total of 77 patients were assessed, 50 of whom (76.6%) were female. Mean age was 44.48 ± 12.55 years. The most common comorbidities were hypertension (72.4%), binge eating disorder (47.4%), type 2 diabetes mellitus (32.9%), sleep apnea (30.3%) and dyslipidemia (18.4%). Macronutrient intake was largely adequate, in view of the high calorie intake. However, some micronutrient deficiencies were present. Only 19.5% of patients had an adequate intake of potassium, 26.0% of calcium, and 66.2% of iron. All subjects consumed more than the minimum recommended intake of sodium, with 98.7% reaching the upper limit. Bcomplex vitamin intake was satisfactory (adequate in >80% of subjects), but lipid-soluble vitamin (A, D, E) intake often fell short of the RDI. The diet of severely obese patients is unbalanced, with high calorie intake paralleled by insufficient micronutrient intake. When these patients are assessed and managed, qualitative dietary changes should be considered in addition to routine caloric restriction.
authors: Graduate Program in Endocrinology. UFRGS School of Medicine. Center of Health Sciences. Program in Dietetics. UCS. Department of Endocrinology. Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre.. nut.jaquelinehorvath@gmail.com.
authors: Jaqueline Driemeyer
authors: JD
authors: Correia Horvath
authors: Graduate Program in Endocrinology. UFRGS School of Medicine. Department of Endocrinology. Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre.. nut.jaquelinehorvath@gmail.com.
authors: Mariana Laitano
authors: ML
authors: Dias de Castro
authors: Undergraduate Program in Dietetics. UFRGS School of Medicine.. nut.jaquelinehorvath@gmail.com.
authors: Natália
authors: N
authors: Kops
authors: Undergraduate Program in Dietetics. UFRGS School of Medicine.. nut.jaquelinehorvath@gmail.com.
authors: Natasha
authors: N
authors: Kruger Malinoski
authors: Graduate Program in Endocrinology. UFRGS School of Medicine. Department of Endocrinology. Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Department of Internal Medicine. UFRGS School of Medicine. Brazil.. nut.jaquelinehorvath@gmail.com.
authors: Rogério
authors: R
authors: Friedman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002149:Energy Intake; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000150:complications* / Q000178:diet therapy; D008875:Middle Aged; D009752:Nutritional Status; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications* / Q000178:diet therapy; D064167:Recommended Dietary Allowances