title: Low serum concentrations of carotenoids and vitamin E are associated with high adiposity in Mexican-American children.
abstract: Mexican-American children have a high prevalence of overweight/obesity. Micronutrient deficiencies may be contributing to the development of greater adiposity in these children. This study investigated the relations between adiposity and serum concentrations of carotenoids, retinol, and vitamin E among Mexican-American children 8-15 y of age included in the 2001-2004 U.S. NHANES. Associations of the outcomes of children's body mass index (BMI), truncal fat mass (TrFM), and total body fat mass (TBFM) with serum concentrations of α-carotene, cis-β-carotene, trans-β-carotene, retinol, and α-tocopherol were determined by using linear, quantile, and multinomial regression models. BMI was inversely associated with serum concentrations of α-carotene (β = -0.88, P < 0.05), trans-β-carotene (β = -2.21, P < 0.01), cis-β-carotene (β = -2.10, P < 0.01), and α-tocopherol adjusted for total cholesterol ratio (β = -3.66, P < 0.01), respectively. Similar inverse associations were found with TrFM and TBFM. Higher cis-β-carotene and α-tocopherol serum concentrations were associated with reduced probability of overweight (OR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.37, 0.89; P < 0.05; and OR: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.37, 0.86; P < 0.05; respectively) and obesity (OR: 0.39; 95% CI: 0.26, 0.58; P < 0.01; and OR: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.24, 0.60; P < 0.01; respectively). Higher retinol serum concentrations were associated with increased probability of overweight and obesity (OR: 2.01; 95% CI: 1.26, 3.22; P < 0.01; and OR: 2.90; 95% CI: 1.65, 5.09; P < 0.01; respectively). Significant inverse associations were found between serum concentrations of carotenoids and vitamin E and adiposity among Mexican-American children, but serum retinol concentrations were positively associated with adiposity. Future research is needed to understand the causes and consequences of micronutrient status on adiposity and comorbidities.
authors: School of Population Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia.
authors: Inong R
authors: IR
authors: Gunanti
authors: Geoffrey C
authors: GC
authors: Marks
authors: Abdullah
authors: A
authors: Al-Mamun
authors: Kurt Z
authors: KZ
authors: Long
mesh_terms: D050153:Abdominal Fat / Q000473:pathology; D050154:Adiposity; D000293:Adolescent; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000097:blood* / Q000172:deficiency; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017058:Mexican Americans; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D050177:Overweight / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D015995:Prevalence; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000097:blood*; D014811:Vitamin E Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014801:Vitamin A; D014810:Vitamin E; D002338:Carotenoids