title: Arthritis and prolactin: a phylogenetic viewpoint.
abstract: Arthritic disorders are family of diseases that have existed since vertebrate life began. Their etiology is multifactorial with genetic, environmental, and gender factors driving chronic joint inflammation. Prolactin is a sexually dimorphic hormone in mammals that can act to both promote and ameliorate rheumatic diseases. It is found in all vertebrate groups where it exerts a wide diversity of actions. This review briefly addresses the presence and features of arthritic diseases in vertebrates, the effects of PRL on joint tissues and immune cells, and whether PRL actions could have contributed to the ubiquity of arthritis in nature. This comparative approach highlights the value of PRL as a biologically conserved factor influencing the development and progression of arthritis.
authors: Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, 76230 Querétaro, Mexico.
authors: Norma
authors: N
authors: Adán
authors: Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, 76230 Querétaro, Mexico.
authors: María G
authors: MG
authors: Ledesma-Colunga
authors: Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, 76230 Querétaro, Mexico.
authors: Ana L
authors: AL
authors: Reyes-López
authors: Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, 76230 Querétaro, Mexico.
authors: Gonzalo
authors: G
authors: Martínez de la Escalera
authors: Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, 76230 Querétaro, Mexico. Electronic address: clapp@unam.mx.
authors: Carmen
authors: C
authors: Clapp
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001168:Arthritis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D010802:Phylogeny; D011388:Prolactin / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D014714:Vertebrates
chemical_list: D011388:Prolactin
keywords: Inflammation; Osteoarthritis; Reproduction; Rheumatoid arthritis; Spondyloarthritis; Stress