title: The role of enhanced external counter pulsation therapy in clinical practice.
abstract: Enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) has been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for management of refractory angina (Class IIb). EECP uses three sets of pneumatic cuffs that sequentially contract during diastole, increasing aortic diastolic pressure, augmenting coronary blood flow and central venous return. EECP improves anginal symptoms and exercise tolerance, and reduces nitroglycerin use in patients with chronic, stable angina. EECP has also been shown to be safe and beneficial in patients with symptomatic stable congestive heart failure. It has been postulated that cardiac benefits of EECP are mediated though vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and nitric oxide mediated vasodilatation and angiogenesis. In June 2002, the FDA also approved EECP therapy for heart failure patients.
authors: Corresponding Author: Tahir Tak, FACC; Division of Cardiovascular Services; Mayo Clinic; 200 First Street, SW; Rochester, MN 55905; . tak.tahir@mayo.edu.
authors: Umesh
authors: U
authors: Sharma
authors: Heidi K
authors: HK
authors: Ramsey
authors: Tahir
authors: T
authors: Tak
mesh_terms: D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000628:therapy; D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000628:therapy*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D015908:Counterpulsation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004867:Equipment Design; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000628:therapy; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D062645:Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; D012770:Shock, Cardiogenic / Q000628:therapy; D014481:United States; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D009569:Nitric Oxide
keywords: Angina; Enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP); Heart failure; International EECP patient registry; Myocardial Infarction; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention