title: Identifying critical transitions of complex diseases based on a single sample.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Unlike traditional diagnosis of an existing disease state, detecting the pre-disease state just before the serious deterioration of a disease is a challenging task, because the state of the system may show little apparent change or symptoms before this critical transition during disease progression. By exploring the rich interaction information provided by high-throughput data, the dynamical network biomarker (DNB) can identify the pre-disease state, but this requires multiple samples to reach a correct diagnosis for one individual, thereby restricting its clinical application.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this article, we have developed a novel computational approach based on the DNB theory and differential distributions between the expressions of DNB and non-DNB molecules, which can detect the pre-disease state reliably even from a single sample taken from one individual, by compensating insufficient samples with existing datasets from population studies. Our approach has been validated by the successful identification of pre-disease samples from subjects or individuals before the emergence of disease symptoms for acute lung injury, influenza and breast cancer.
authors: School of Mathematics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China, Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, SIBS-Novo Nordisk Translational Research Centre for PreDiabetes, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China, School of Mathematics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China, Collaborative Research Center for Innovative Mathematical Modelling, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan and Department of Computer Science and Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
authors: Rui
authors: R
authors: Liu
authors: School of Mathematics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China, Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, SIBS-Novo Nordisk Translational Research Centre for PreDiabetes, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China, School of Mathematics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China, Collaborative Research Center for Innovative Mathematical Modelling, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan and Department of Computer Science and Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USASchool of Mathematics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China, Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, SIBS-Novo Nordisk Translational Research Centre for PreDiabetes, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China, School of Mathematics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China, Collaborative Research Center for Innovative Mathematical Modelling, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan and Department of Computer Science and Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
authors: Xiangtian
authors: X
authors: Yu
authors: School of Mathematics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China, Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, SIBS-Novo Nordisk Translational Research Centre for PreDiabetes, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China, School of Mathematics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China, Collaborative Research Center for Innovative Mathematical Modelling, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan and Department of Computer Science and Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
authors: Xiaoping
authors: X
authors: Liu
authors: School of Mathematics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China, Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, SIBS-Novo Nordisk Translational Research Centre for PreDiabetes, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China, School of Mathematics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China, Collaborative Research Center for Innovative Mathematical Modelling, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan and Department of Computer Science and Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
authors: Dong
authors: D
authors: Xu
authors: School of Mathematics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China, Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, SIBS-Novo Nordisk Translational Research Centre for PreDiabetes, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China, School of Mathematics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China, Collaborative Research Center for Innovative Mathematical Modelling, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan and Department of Computer Science and Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
authors: Kazuyuki
authors: K
authors: Aihara
authors: School of Mathematics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China, Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, SIBS-Novo Nordisk Translational Research Centre for PreDiabetes, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China, School of Mathematics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China, Collaborative Research Center for Innovative Mathematical Modelling, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan and Department of Computer Science and Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USASchool of Mathematics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China, Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, SIBS-Novo Nordisk Translational Research Centre for PreDiabetes, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China, School of Mathematics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China, Collaborative Research Center for Innovative Mathematical Modelling, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan and Department of Computer Science and Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
authors: Luonan
authors: L
authors: Chen
mesh_terms: D055371:Acute Lung Injury / Q000175:diagnosis; D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D058070:Asymptomatic Diseases; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000175:diagnosis; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers