title: Dietary intake of acrylamide and esophageal cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The relation between dietary acrylamide intake and esophageal cancer (EC) risk, including esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), has not been consistent. We evaluated the association between dietary acrylamide intake and EAC, ESCC, and overall EC in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the HR and 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI). Since nonlinear relations were observed, HRs were displayed for quartiles of acrylamide intake in μg per day.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After a mean follow-up of 11 years, 341 EC were identified, 142 of which were EAC, 176 ESCC, and 23 other histological types or not specified. An increase in EC risk was observed in the second and third quartiles (HRQ2vsQ1 1.75, 95 % CI 1.12-2.74; HRQ3vsQ1 1.66, 95 % CI 1.05-2.61), but not in the fourth quartile, and there was no evidence for a linear dose-response trend. HRs were similarly elevated but not statistically significant when ESCC and EAC were analyzed separately, due to the small number of cases observed. No associations were observed when quartiles were based on energy-adjusted acrylamide intake.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the EPIC cohort, an association between estimated dietary acrylamide intake and an increased risk of developing EC was observed in the middle quartiles but not in the highest quartile; however, results from other larger cohorts or consortia, and results from biomarker studies, might add to the evidence provided by this analysis, suggesting that acrylamide is not an important risk factor for EC.
authors: Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Avda Gran Via 199-203, 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
authors: Leila
authors: L
authors: Lujan-Barroso
authors: Carlos Alberto
authors: CA
authors: González
authors: Nadia
authors: N
authors: Slimani
authors: Mireia
authors: M
authors: Obón-Santacana
authors: Pietro
authors: P
authors: Ferrari
authors: Heinz
authors: H
authors: Freisling
authors: Kim
authors: K
authors: Overvad
authors: Françoise
authors: F
authors: Clavel-Chapelon
authors: Marie-Christine
authors: MC
authors: Boutron-Ruault
authors: Antoine
authors: A
authors: Racine
authors: Verena
authors: V
authors: Katzke
authors: Tilman
authors: T
authors: Kühn
authors: Anne
authors: A
authors: Tjønneland
authors: Anja
authors: A
authors: Olsen
authors: J Ramón
authors: JR
authors: Quirós
authors: Emilio
authors: E
authors: Sánchez-Cantalejo
authors: Pilar
authors: P
authors: Amiano
authors: Carmen
authors: C
authors: Navarro
authors: Aurelio
authors: A
authors: Barricarte
authors: Kay-Tee
authors: KT
authors: Khaw
authors: Nick
authors: N
authors: Wareham
authors: Ruth C
authors: RC
authors: Travis
authors: Antonia
authors: A
authors: Trichopoulou
authors: Christina
authors: C
authors: Bamia
authors: Vassiliki
authors: V
authors: Benetou
authors: Calogero
authors: C
authors: Saieva
authors: Sara
authors: S
authors: Grioni
authors: Rosario
authors: R
authors: Tumino
authors: Paolo
authors: P
authors: Vineis
authors: Amalia
authors: A
authors: Mattiello
authors: H Bas
authors: HB
authors: Bueno-de-Mesquita
authors: Peter D
authors: PD
authors: Siersema
authors: Mattijs E
authors: ME
authors: Numans
authors: Petra H
authors: PH
authors: Peeters
authors: Ulrika
authors: U
authors: Ericson
authors: Elisabet
authors: E
authors: Wirfält
authors: Malin
authors: M
authors: Sund
authors: Mattias
authors: M
authors: Johansson
authors: Elisabete
authors: E
authors: Weiderpass
authors: Guri
authors: G
authors: Skeie
authors: Elio
authors: E
authors: Riboli
authors: Heiner
authors: H
authors: Boeing
authors: Eric J
authors: EJ
authors: Duell
mesh_terms: D020106:Acrylamide / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000077277:Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D020106:Acrylamide