title: Swelling and morphology of calcium pectinate gel beads obtained from Silene vulgaris callus modified pectins.
abstract: The aim of this research is to investigate the swelling properties and morphology of the calcium pectinate gel (CaPG) beads made from pectins of campion callus cultured using various medium nutrients (carbon sources, concentration of sucrose, calcium and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)). Gelled spheres were prepared by ionotropic gelation. The mean diameter, total surface area and volume of the dried beads varied depending on the plant cell culture conditions. The swelling of dried CaPG beads in solutions with pH 2 and pH 4 was demonstrated to occur more slowly (within 4 or 24h) with increasing sucrose and calcium concentrations or in the absence of auxin. All beads swelled less when placed in acidic media (pH 2 and pH 4) and swelled most extensively in NaCl (pH 6). The surface morphology of the CaPG beads was demonstrated to depend on the presence of sugars, calcium and auxin in the plant cell culture medium used. The slow swelling of dried CaPG beads was apparently related to their grooved surfaces. An applied strategy involving changing the composition and concentration of media components altered the swelling behavior of the CaPG beads and enhanced the acid and water resistance of the resultant pectinate hydrogels in physiological environments. In particular, the swelling of Ca 4.5, 2,4-D0, Suc30 and Suc100 CaPG beads occurred more slowly.
authors: Institute of Physiology, Komi Science Centre, The Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 50, Pervomaiskaya str., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia. Electronic address: gunter-ea@mail.ru.
authors: Elena A
authors: EA
authors: Günter
authors: Institute of Physiology, Komi Science Centre, The Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 50, Pervomaiskaya str., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia.
authors: Oxana V
authors: OV
authors: Popeyko
authors: Institute of Physiology, Komi Science Centre, The Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 50, Pervomaiskaya str., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia.
authors: Pavel A
authors: PA
authors: Markov
authors: Federal Government-financed Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education «Vyatka State University», 36, Moskovskaya str., 610000 Kirov, Russia.
authors: Ekaterina A
authors: EA
authors: Martinson
authors: Federal Government-financed Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education «Vyatka State University», 36, Moskovskaya str., 610000 Kirov, Russia.
authors: Sergey G
authors: SG
authors: Litvinets
authors: Federal Government-financed Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education «Vyatka State University», 36, Moskovskaya str., 610000 Kirov, Russia.
authors: Eugene A
authors: EA
authors: Durnev
authors: Institute of Physiology, Komi Science Centre, The Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 50, Pervomaiskaya str., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia.
authors: Sergey V
authors: SV
authors: Popov
authors: Institute of Physiology, Komi Science Centre, The Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 50, Pervomaiskaya str., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia.
authors: Yury S
authors: YS
authors: Ovodov
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005782:Gels / Q000737:chemistry; D010316:Particle Size; D010368:Pectins / Q000737:chemistry*; D029751:Silene / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000166:cytology; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D005782:Gels; D010368:Pectins
keywords: Callus; Gel beads; Medium nutrients; Pectin; Silene vulgaris; Swelling