title: Apathy following traumatic brain injury.
abstract: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) may result in significant emotional and behavioral changes, such as depression, impulsivity, anxiety, aggressive behavior, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Apathy has been increasingly recognized as a relevant sequela of TBI, with a negative impact on the patients' quality of life as well as their participation in rehabilitation activities. This article reviews the nosologic and phenomenological aspects of apathy in TBI, diagnostic issues, frequency and prevalence, relevant comorbid conditions, potential mechanisms, and treatment.
authors: School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Fremantle Hospital T-7, Fremantle, Western Australia 6959, Australia. Electronic address: sergio.starkstein@uwa.edu.au.
authors: Sergio E
authors: SE
authors: Starkstein
authors: Department of Psychiatry, CEMIC University, Valdenegro 4337, Buenos Aires 1430, Argentina.
authors: Jaime
authors: J
authors: Pahissa
mesh_terms: D056044:Actigraphy; D057565:Apathy / Q000502:physiology*; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D009042:Motivation / Q000502:physiology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
keywords: Apathy; Cognitive deficits; Depression; Psychotherapy; Psychotropic medication; Traumatic brain injury