title: Panax ginseng polysaccharide induces apoptosis by targeting Twist/AKR1C2/NF-1 pathway in human gastric cancer.
abstract: In the present study, we isolated and screened an antitumor polysaccharide (PGP2a) from the roots of Panax ginseng. Chemical composition analysis indicated PGP2a was an acidic protein-polysaccharide. The average molecular weight was estimated to be 3.2 × 10(4)Da. According to gas chromatography (GC) result, PGP2a consisted of galactose, arabinose, glucose and galacturonic acid in the molar ratio of 3.7:1.6:0.5:5.4, respectively. MTT assay showed that PGP2a had a potent inhibitory effect on the growth of HGC-27 cells in a dose-dependent fashion. Furthermore, the number of HGC-27 cells arrested in G2/M phase, and the percentage of apoptotic cells were increased in response to PGP2a treatment along with concentration increasing. Moreover, western blotting analysis showed that protein expressions of Twist and AKR1C2 were suppressed by PGP2a, whereas an increase of NF1 was observed at protein level. Taken together, these findings suggested that PGP2a could be developed as a novel antitumor agent acting on Twist related gene for human gastric cancer therapy.
authors: Department of Pathology, the Third Affiliated (Tumour) Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150040, China.
authors: Cong
authors: C
authors: Li
authors: Department of Pathology, the Third Affiliated (Tumour) Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150040, China.
authors: Zhen-Nan
authors: ZN
authors: Tian
authors: Department of Pathology, the Third Affiliated (Tumour) Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150040, China.
authors: Jian-Ping
authors: JP
authors: Cai
authors: Department of Pathology, the Third Affiliated (Tumour) Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150040, China.
authors: Ke-Xin
authors: KX
authors: Chen
authors: Department of Urological Surgery, Aerospace Central Hospital (Aerospace Clinical Medical College of Peking University, Peking University), Beijing 100049, China.
authors: Bao
authors: B
authors: Zhang
authors: Department of Pathology, the Third Affiliated (Tumour) Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150040, China.
authors: Mei-Yan
authors: MY
authors: Feng
authors: Department of Pathology, the Third Affiliated (Tumour) Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150040, China.
authors: Qing-Tao
authors: QT
authors: Shi
authors: Department of Urological Surgery, Aerospace Central Hospital (Aerospace Clinical Medical College of Peking University, Peking University), Beijing 100049, China.
authors: Rui
authors: R
authors: Li
authors: Department of Pathology, the Third Affiliated (Tumour) Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150040, China.
authors: Yu
authors: Y
authors: Qin
authors: Department of Pathology, the Third Affiliated (Tumour) Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150040, China; Department of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China. Electronic address: jingshugeng@126.com.
authors: Jing-Shu
authors: JS
authors: Geng
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D053453:Caspase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002850:Chromatography, Gel; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006801:Humans; D006913:Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases / Q000378:metabolism*; D025542:Neurofibromin 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005894:Panax / Q000737:chemistry*; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000378:metabolism; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D051879:Twist-Related Protein 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D045002:3-alpha-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase (B-Specific)
chemical_list: D053148:Caspase 3; D053453:Caspase 9; D006913:Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; D025542:Neurofibromin 1; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; D011134:Polysaccharides; D051879:Twist-Related Protein 1; C103173:TWIST1 protein, human; C435496:AKR1C2 protein, human; D045002:3-alpha-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase (B-Specific)
keywords: Apoptosis; Human gastric cancer; Panax ginseng; Polysaccharide; Twist/AKR1C2/NF-1 pathway