title: The role of oxidative DNA damage in radiation induced bystander effect.
abstract: Ionizing radiation (IR) has been described as a double-edged sword, since it is used for diagnostic and therapeutic medical applications, and at the same time it is a well known human mutagen and carcinogen, causing wide-ranging chromosomal aberrations. It is nowadays accepted that the detrimental effects of IR are not restricted only in the irradiated cells, but also to non-irradiated bystander or even distant cells manifesting various biological effects. This review presents the role of oxidative stress in the induction of bystander effects referring to the types of the implicated oxidative DNA lesions, the contributing intercellular and intracellular stress mediators, the way they are transmitted from irradiated to bystander cells and finally, the complex role of the bystander effect in the therapeutic efficacy of radiation treatment of cancer.
authors: Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors: Sophia
authors: S
authors: Havaki
authors: Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors: Athanassios
authors: A
authors: Kotsinas
authors: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Konstantopoulio Hospital, N.Ionia, Athens, Greece.
authors: Efstathios
authors: E
authors: Chronopoulos
authors: Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Ageing, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research Demokritos, Athens, Greece.
authors: Dimitris
authors: D
authors: Kletsas
authors: Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematics and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Zografou, 15780 Athens, Greece.
authors: Alexandros
authors: A
authors: Georgakilas
authors: Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece; Faculty Institute for Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, M13 9WL, UK. Electronic address: vgorg@med.uoa.gr.
authors: Vassilis G
authors: VG
authors: Gorgoulis
mesh_terms: D024201:Bystander Effect / Q000528:radiation effects*; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations / Q000528:radiation effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000528:radiation effects; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000528:radiation effects*; D053903:DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004260:DNA Repair; D042822:Genomic Instability / Q000528:radiation effects; D006801:Humans; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000473:pathology; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species / Q000528:radiation effects; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000528:radiation effects; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D004247:DNA
keywords: Cancer; DDR response; Oxidative DNA damage; Oxidative stress; Radiation induced bystander effect