title: L-Cysteine conjugated poly L-lactide nanoparticles containing 5-fluorouracil: formulation, characterization, release and uptake by tissues in vivo.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Targeted delivery of drugs is still a therapeutic challenge and numerous methods have been reported for the same.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In this study, emphasis was placed on developing nanoparticles loaded with 5-fluorouracil (FU) and modifying the surface of the nanoparticles by conjugation with amino acid, to improve the distribution of 5-FU in the lungs.
  
  
  METHODS
  An emulsion solvent evaporation technique was used to formulate nanoparticles of FU using Poly L-lactide and Pluronic F-68. The nanoparticles were conjugated with L-Cysteine using EDC as the activator of COOH group and were evaluated for product yield, particle size, surface morphology, amount of conjugation by Ellman's method and in vitro drug release study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicated 60-65% yield with an average particle size of 242.7 ± 37.11 nm for the cysteine conjugated nanoparticle (CNP) formulation and more than 70% conjugation of cysteine. The cumulative percentage of drug released over a period of 24 h was found to be 58%. An increase in distribution of the delivery system in lungs (11.4% ID after 1 h) in mice was found indicating the role of L-Cysteine in the transport mechanism to the lungs. In vivo kinetic studies in rats revealed higher circulation time of CNP as compared to pure FU solution. The study helps in designing a colloidal delivery system for increased distribution of drugs to the lungs and may be helpful in delivery of drugs in conditions like non-small cell lung carcinomas.
authors: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya , Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh , India and.
authors: Brijeshkunvar J
authors: BJ
authors: Mishra
authors: Ankur
authors: A
authors: Kaul
authors: Piyush
authors: P
authors: Trivedi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003545:Cysteine / Q000737:chemistry*; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D004339:Drug Compounding; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D006207:Half-Life; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010316:Particle Size; D020442:Poloxamer / Q000737:chemistry; D011091:Polyesters / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats; D012995:Solubility; D013499:Surface Properties; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D004337:Drug Carriers; D011091:Polyesters; D020442:Poloxamer; C033616:poly(lactide); D003545:Cysteine; D005472:Fluorouracil
keywords: 5-fluorouracil; Pluronic F 68; l-Cysteine; mercaptalbumin; nanoparticles; non-small cell lung cancer