title: Evolution and expression analysis of the grape (Vitis vinifera L.) WRKY gene family.
abstract: WRKY proteins comprise a large family of transcription factors that play important roles in plant defence regulatory networks, including responses to various biotic and abiotic stresses. To date, no large-scale study of WRKY genes has been undertaken in grape (Vitis vinifera L.). In this study, a total of 59 putative grape WRKY genes (VvWRKY) were identified and renamed on the basis of their respective chromosome distribution. A multiple sequence alignment analysis using all predicted grape WRKY genes coding sequences, together with those from Arabidopsis thaliana and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), indicated that the 59 VvWRKY genes can be classified into three main groups (I-III). An evaluation of the duplication events suggested that several WRKY genes arose before the divergence of the grape and Arabidopsis lineages. Moreover, expression profiles derived from semiquantitative PCR and real-time quantitative PCR analyses showed distinct expression patterns in various tissues and in response to different treatments. Four VvWRKY genes showed a significantly higher expression in roots or leaves, 55 responded to varying degrees to at least one abiotic stress treatment, and the expression of 38 were altered following powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator) infection. Most VvWRKY genes were downregulated in response to abscisic acid or salicylic acid treatments, while the expression of a subset was upregulated by methyl jasmonate or ethylene treatments.
authors: Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
authors: Chunlei
authors: C
authors: Guo
authors: Rongrong
authors: R
authors: Guo
authors: Xiaozhao
authors: X
authors: Xu
authors: Min
authors: M
authors: Gao
authors: Xiaoqin
authors: X
authors: Li
authors: Junyang
authors: J
authors: Song
authors: Yi
authors: Y
authors: Zheng
authors: Xiping
authors: X
authors: Wang
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005638:Fruit / Q000235:genetics; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018745:Genome, Plant / Q000235:genetics*; D056626:Inflorescence / Q000235:genetics; D058977:Molecular Sequence Annotation; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D005810:Multigene Family; D010802:Phylogeny; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000235:genetics; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000235:genetics; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000235:genetics; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D026801:Synteny; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D027843:Vitis / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors
keywords: Evolution; WRKY genes.; expression profile analysis; grape (Vitis vinifera L.); phylogenetic analysis; synteny analysis