title: Mineralization of hydroxyapatite upon a unique xanthan gum hydrogel by an alternate soaking process.
abstract: We previously reported a xanthan gum (Xan) hydrogel showing excellent mechanical properties. Mineralization of hydroxyapatite (Hap) upon the Xan hydrogel would provide a unique biomaterial applicable for bone tissue engineering. Here, we show the mineralization of Hap upon the Xan hydrogel by means of an alternate soaking process. Hap was gradually grown upon the Xan-matrix surface with increasing number of soaking cycles due to the ionic interactions between calcium cations and carboxyl groups. Interestingly, the mineralization induced a microstructure change in the gel-matrix from a layered structure to a porous structure. The mechanical properties of the resulting Hap-Xan composite hydrogels were further investigated by a tensile test, where the Hap-Xan composite hydrogel with an appropriate amount of Hap (Xan/Hap=2.7) was capable of approximately 370% elongation.
authors: Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8550, Japan. Electronic address: h-izawa@chem.tottori-u.ac.jp.
authors: Hironori
authors: H
authors: Izawa
authors: Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8550, Japan.
authors: Shoji
authors: S
authors: Nishino
authors: Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8550, Japan.
authors: Hiroyuki
authors: H
authors: Maeda
authors: Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8550, Japan.
authors: Kohei
authors: K
authors: Morita
authors: Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8550, Japan.
authors: Shinsuke
authors: S
authors: Ifuku
authors: Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8550, Japan.
authors: Minoru
authors: M
authors: Morimoto
authors: Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8550, Japan.
authors: Hiroyuki
authors: H
authors: Saimoto
authors: Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; Research Center for Environmentally Friendly Materials Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology, 27-1 Mizumoto-cho, Muroran, Hokkaido 050-8585, Japan.
authors: Jun-ichi
authors: J
authors: Kadokawa
keywords: Alternate soaking process; Hydroxyapatite; Inorganic–organic composite hydrogel; Mineralization; Xanthan gum