title: Concepts of papillomavirus entry into host cells.
abstract: Papillomaviruses enter basal cells of stratified epithelia. Assembly of new virions occurs in infected cells during terminal differentiation. This unique biology is reflected in the mechanism of entry. Extracellularly, the interaction of nonenveloped capsids with several host cell proteins, after binding, results in discrete conformational changes. Asynchronous internalization occurs over several hours by an endocytic mechanism related to, but distinct from macropinocytosis. Intracellular trafficking leads virions through the endosomal system, and from late endosomes to the trans-Golgi-network, before nuclear delivery. Here, we discuss the existing data with the aim to synthesize an integrated model of the stepwise process of entry, thereby highlighting key open questions. Additionally, we relate data from experiments with cultured cells to in vivo results.
authors: Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA.
authors: Patricia M
authors: PM
authors: Day
authors: Emmy-Noether Group: Virus Endocytosis, Institutes of Molecular Virology and Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Münster, Germany; Cluster of Excellence EXC1003, Cells in Motion, CiM, Münster, Germany. Electronic address: schelhaas@uni-muenster.de.
authors: Mario
authors: M
authors: Schelhaas
mesh_terms: D004705:Endocytosis; D006801:Humans; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000502:physiology*; D053586:Virus Internalization