title: Immunostimulant patches containing Escherichia coli LT enhance immune responses to DNA- and recombinant protein-based Alzheimer's disease vaccines.
abstract: Immunotherapeutic approaches to treating Alzheimer's disease (AD) using vaccination strategies must overcome the obstacle of achieving adequate responses to vaccination in the elderly. Here we demonstrate for the first time that application of the Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin adjuvant-laden immunostimulatory patches (LT-IS) dramatically enhances the onset and magnitude of immune responses to DNA- and protein-based vaccines for Alzheimer's disease following intradermal immunization via gene gun and conventional needles, respectively. Our studies suggest that the immune activation mediated by LT-IS offers improved potency for generating AD-specific vaccination responses that should be investigated as an adjuvant in the clinical arena.
authors: Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Huntington Beach, CA 92647, USA.
authors: Hayk
authors: H
authors: Davtyan
authors: Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Huntington Beach, CA 92647, USA.
authors: Anahit
authors: A
authors: Ghochikyan
authors: Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Huntington Beach, CA 92647, USA.
authors: Armine
authors: A
authors: Hovakimyan
authors: Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
authors: Irina
authors: I
authors: Petrushina
authors: Intercell USA, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA.
authors: Jianmei
authors: J
authors: Yu
authors: Intercell USA, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA.
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Flyer
authors: H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, 2500 Valby, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors: Peter Juul
authors: PJ
authors: Madsen
authors: H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, 2500 Valby, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors: Lars Ostergaard
authors: LO
authors: Pedersen
authors: Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
authors: David H
authors: DH
authors: Cribbs
authors: Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Huntington Beach, CA 92647, USA; Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA. Electronic address: magadjanyan@immed.org.
authors: Michael G
authors: MG
authors: Agadjanyan
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D023582:Alzheimer Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D018985:Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte / Q000276:immunology; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte / Q000276:immunology; D004926:Escherichia coli; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D057968:Transdermal Patch; D014611:Vaccination / Q000379:methods*; D019444:Vaccines, DNA / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D023582:Alzheimer Vaccines; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D004768:Enterotoxins; D018985:Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D019444:Vaccines, DNA; C027538:heat-labile enterotoxin, E coli
keywords: Alzheimer's disease; Epitope vaccine; Immune responses; Immunostimulatory patch