title: DNA immunization.
abstract: DNA immunization was discovered in early 1990s, and its use has been expanded from vaccine studies to a broader range of biomedical research areas, such as the generation of high-quality polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies as research reagents. In this unit, three common DNA immunization methods are described: needle injection, electroporation, and gene gun. In addition, several common considerations related to DNA immunization are discussed.
authors: University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.
authors: Shixia
authors: S
authors: Wang
authors: University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.
authors: Shan
authors: S
authors: Lu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019470:Biolistics / Q000379:methods; D018274:Electroporation / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization / Q000379:methods*; D007267:Injections / Q000379:methods; D019444:Vaccines, DNA / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D019444:Vaccines, DNA
keywords: DNA vaccine; electroporation; gene gun; immunization