title: A multi-center investigation of neurobehavioral outcome after traumatic brain injury.
abstract: Outcome of 295 rehabilitation patients with mild, moderate, and severe brain injury was investigated prospectively at five regional medical centers using the Neurobehavioral Rating Scale. Mean factor scale scores were generally low. with the cognition mean highest and the excitement mean lowest. Regardless of scale, the most significant neurobehavioral difficulties were related to memory, insight, attention, alertness, fatigue, and blunted affect. Conversely, problems rated as least severe included hallucinations, guilt, excitement and lability of mood. Approximately 9% of the sample had at least a moderate problem with agitation, an item on the excitement scale. The general pattern of mean factor scale elevations was consistent with other studies. No relationship was found between injury severity and neurobehavioral characteristics. The relatively low incidence of neurobehavioral problems may reflect recovery and effective interdisciplinary management.
authors: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, VA, USA.
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Keyser
authors: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, VA, USA.
authors: A D
authors: AD
authors: Witol
authors: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, VA, USA Division of Neurological Surgery, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, VA, USA.
authors: J S
authors: JS
authors: Kreutzer
authors: Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Rosenthal
keywords: Assessment agitation; Brain injury; Neurobehavioral