title: Regional homogeneity changes in hemodialysis patients with end stage renal disease: in vivo resting-state functional MRI study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To prospectively investigate and detect early cerebral regional homogeneity (ReHo) changes in neurologically asymptomatic patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) using in vivo resting-state functional MR imaging (Rs-fMRI).
  
  
  METHODS
  We enrolled 20 patients (15 men, 5 women; meanage, 37.1 years; range, 19-49 years) with ESRD and 20 healthy controls (15 men, 5 women; mean age, 38.3 years; range, 28-49 years). The mean duration of hemodialysis for the patient group was 10.7±6.4 monthes. There was no significant sex or age difference between the ESRD and control groups. Rs-fMRI was performed using a gradient-echo echo-planar imaging sequence. ReHo was calculated using software (DPARSF). Voxel-based analysis of the ReHo maps between ESRD and control groups was performed with a two-samples t test. Statistical maps were set at P value less than 0.05 and were corrected for multiple comparisons. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was administered to all participants at imaging.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ReHo values were increased in the bilateral superior temporal gyrus and left medial frontal gyrus in the ERSD group compared with controls, but a significantly decreased ReHo value was found in the right middle temporal gyrus. There was no significant correlation between ReHo values and the duration of hemodialysis in the ESRD group. Both the patients and control subjects had normal MMSE scores (≥28).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our finding revealed that abnormal brain activity was distributed mainly in the memory and cognition related cotices in patients with ESRD. The abnormal spontaneous neuronal activity in those areas provide information on the neural mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment in patients with ESRD, and demonstrate that Rs-fMRI with ReHo analysis is a useful non-invasive imaging tool for the detection of early cerebral ReHo changes in hemodialysis patients with ESRD.
authors: Department of Renal Transplantation, Guangdong No.2 Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors: Cheng
authors: C
authors: Li
authors: Department of Medical Imaging, Guangdong No.2 Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors: Huan-Huan
authors: HH
authors: Su
authors: Department of Medical Imaging, Guangdong No.2 Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors: Ying-Wei
authors: YW
authors: Qiu
authors: State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Department of Medical Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors: Xiao-Fei
authors: XF
authors: Lv
authors: Department of Renal Transplantation, Guangdong No.2 Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors: Sheng
authors: S
authors: Shen
authors: Department of Medical Imaging, Guangdong No.2 Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors: Wen-Feng
authors: WF
authors: Zhan
authors: Department of Medical Imaging, Guangdong No.2 Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors: Jun-Zhang
authors: JZ
authors: Tian
authors: Department of Medical Imaging, Guangdong No.2 Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors: Gui-Hua
authors: GH
authors: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012146:Rest; D055815:Young Adult