title: Abscopal antitumor immune effects of magnet-mediated hyperthermia at a high therapeutic temperature on Walker-256 carcinosarcomas in rats.
abstract: The abscopal effect has previously been described in various tumors and is associated with radiation therapy and hyperthermia, with possible underlying mechanisms explaining each observed case. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the antitumor effects of magnet-mediated hyperthermia on Walker-256 carcinosarcomas in rats at two different temperature ranges (42-46°C and 50-55°C). We also aimed to identify whether a higher therapeutic temperature of magnetic-mediated hyperthermia improves the abscopal antitumor effects, where localised irradiation of the tumor causes not only the irradiated tumor to shrink, but also tumors located far from the area of irradiation. Following induction of carcinosarcoma in both sides of the body, magnet-mediated hyperthermia was applied to one side only, leaving the other side as a control. The changes in tumor growth were observed. Our results demonstrated that magnet-mediated hyperthermia at a higher temperature inhibited the growth of carcinosarcoma at the site of treatment. Furthermore, the growth of the carcinosarcoma on the untreated side was also inhibited. The expression levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen were decreased in the hyperthermia group, which was more significant in the higher temperature test group. Flow cytometric analysis showed an increased number of CD4- and CD8-positive T cells, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed increased levels of interferon-γ and interleukin-2 in the higher temperature group. These results suggested that magnet-mediated hyperthermia at a higher temperature (50-55°C) can improve the abscopal antitumor effects and stimulate a greater endogenous immune response in carcinosarcoma-bearing rats.
authors: Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China ; Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Xiangya Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China.
authors: Hui
authors: H
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging, Ministry of Education, Haidian, Beijing 100084, P.R. China.
authors: Li
authors: L
authors: Zhang
authors: Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China.
authors: Yingrui
authors: Y
authors: Shi
authors: Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
authors: Sara
authors: S
authors: Javidiparsijani
authors: Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
authors: Guirong
authors: G
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Xiangya Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China.
authors: Xiao
authors: X
authors: Li
authors: Department of Thoracic Oncology, Guizhou Cancer Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China.
authors: Weiwei
authors: W
authors: Ouyang
authors: Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China.
authors: Jumei
authors: J
authors: Zhou
authors: Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Xiangya Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China.
authors: Lingyun
authors: L
authors: Zhao
authors: Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Xiangya Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China.
authors: Xiaowen
authors: X
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Xiangya Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China.
authors: Xiaodong
authors: X
authors: Zhang
authors: Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Xiangya Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China.
authors: Fuping
authors: F
authors: Gao
authors: Department of Anesthesiology, Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China.
authors: Jingshi
authors: J
authors: Liu
authors: Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China ; Department of Pathology, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, Qinghai 810007, P.R. China.
authors: Junming
authors: J
authors: Luo
authors: Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Xiangya Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China.
authors: Jintian
authors: J
authors: Tang
keywords: Walker-256 carcinosarcoma; abscopal effect; magnet-mediated hyperthermia; temperature; tumor immunity