title: Reliability and validity of simplified Chinese version of Swiss Spinal Stenosis Questionnaire for patients with degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis.
abstract: METHODS
  This was a prospective clinical validation study.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the reliability and validity of the adapted simplified Chinese version of Swiss Spinal Stenosis (SC-SSS) Questionnaire.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The SSS Questionnaire is a reliable and valid instrument to assess the perception of function and pain for patients with degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis. However, there is no culturally adapted SSS Questionnaire for use in mainland China.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective clinical validation study. The adaption was conducted according to International Quality of Life Assessment Project guidelines. To examine the psychometric properties of the adapted SC-SSS Questionnaire, a sample of 105 patients with lumbar spinal stenosis were included. Thirty-two patients were randomly selected to evaluate the test-retest reliability. Reliability assessment of the SC-SSS Questionnaire was determined by calculating Cronbach α and intraclass coefficient values. Concurrent validity was assessed by correlating SC-SSS Questionnaire scores with relevant domains of the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cronbach α of the symptom severity scale, physical function scale, patients, and satisfaction scale of SC-SSS Questionnaire are 0.89, 0.86, 0.91, respectively, which revealed very good internal consistency. The test-retest reproducibility was found to be excellent with the intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.93, 0.91, and 0.95. In terms of concurrent validity, SC-SSS Questionnaire had good correlation with physical functioning and bodily pain of 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (r = 0.663, 0.653) and low correlation with mental health (r = 0.289). The physical function scale had good correlation with physical functioning of 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (r = 0.637), whereas the rest had moderate correlation. The satisfaction scale score was highly correlated with the change in the symptom severity (r = 0.71) and physical function (r = 0.68) scale score.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The SC-SSS Questionnaire showed satisfactory reliability and validity in the evaluation of functionality in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis who are experiencing neurogenic claudication. It is simple and easy to use and can be recommended in clinical and research practice in mainland China.
  
  
  METHODS
  3.
authors: *Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Affiliated Changhai Hospital of the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China †89th Hospital of PLA, Weifang, Shandong, China; and ‡Department of Orthopaedics, 401th Hospital of PLA, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
authors: Honglei
authors: H
authors: Yi
authors: Xianzhao
authors: X
authors: Wei
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Zhang
authors: Ziqiang
authors: Z
authors: Chen
authors: Xinhui
authors: X
authors: Wang
authors: Xinran
authors: X
authors: Ji
authors: Xiaodong
authors: X
authors: Zhu
authors: Fei
authors: F
authors: Wang
authors: Ximing
authors: X
authors: Xu
authors: Zhikun
authors: Z
authors: Li
authors: Jianping
authors: J
authors: Fan
authors: Chuanfeng
authors: C
authors: Wang
authors: Kai
authors: K
authors: Chen
authors: Guoyou
authors: G
authors: Zhang
authors: Yinchuan
authors: Y
authors: Zhao
authors: Ming
authors: M
authors: Li
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000175:diagnosis*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013130:Spinal Stenosis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires