title: Age-dependent effects of cord blood long-chain PUFA composition on BMI during the first 10 years of life.
abstract: In the present study, we investigated whether n-6 and n-3 long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA) concentrations in cord blood (CB) serum are associated with BMI up to 10 years of age, after accounting for LC-PUFA composition at 2, 6 and 10 years. The study was based on 388 participants of the German LISAplus (Influence of Lifestyle-Related Factors on the Immune System and the Development of Allergies in Childhood Plus the Influence of Traffic Emissions and Genetics) birth cohort study carried out in Munich. BMI was measured at 2, 6 and 10 years of age. Serum phospholipid fatty acid concentrations were measured by GC in CB and in blood collected at 2, 6 and 10 years of age. The association between n-3 LC-PUFA and n-6 LC-PUFA concentrations and n-6:n-3 LC-PUFA ratio in CB serum glycerophospholipids and BMI z-scores was assessed using linear mixed models adjusted for LC-PUFA composition at follow-up and potential confounders. Interaction terms between time of follow-up and LC-PUFA concentrations in CB were included. There was no consistent association between n-6 and n-3 LC-PUFA concentrations in CB and BMI over time. However, there was a significant interaction between n-6:n-3 LC-PUFA ratio in CB and time of follow-up with respect to BMI (P= 0·0415): a negative effect at 2 years; no effect at 6 years; a positive effect at 10 years. BMI up to 10 years of age may be influenced by the n-6:n-3 ratio in CB serum glycerophospholipids in a time-varying fashion. The present results thereby highlight the importance of considering age when examining associations between fatty acid concentrations and BMI.
authors: Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany.
authors: Marie
authors: M
authors: Standl
authors: Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany.
authors: Elisabeth
authors: E
authors: Thiering
authors: University of Munich Medical Centre, Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, Munich, Germany.
authors: Hans
authors: H
authors: Demmelmair
authors: University of Munich Medical Centre, Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, Munich, Germany.
authors: Berthold
authors: B
authors: Koletzko
authors: Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany.
authors: Joachim
authors: J
authors: Heinrich
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000097:blood*; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6 / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000737:chemistry*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D020404:Glycerophospholipids / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6; D020404:Glycerophospholipids; D010743:Phospholipids