title: Taurine improves functional and histological outcomes and reduces inflammation in traumatic brain injury.
abstract: We investigated the effect of taurine on inflammatory cytokine expression, on astrocyte activity and cerebral edema and functional outcomes, following traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rats. 72 rats were randomly divided into sham, TBI and Taurine groups. Rats subjected to moderate lateral fluid percussion injury were injected intravenously with taurine (200mg/kg) or saline immediately after injury or daily for 7days. Functional outcome was evaluated using Modified Neurological Severity Score (mNSS). Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) of the brain was measured using immunofluorescence. Concentration of 23 cytokines and chemokines in the injured cortex at 1 and 7days after TBI was assessed by Luminex xMAP technology. The results showed that taurine significantly improved functional recovery except 1day, reduced accumulation of GFAP and water content in the penumbral region at 7days after TBI. Compared with the TBI group, taurine significantly suppressed growth-related oncogene (GRO/KC) and interleukin (IL)-1β levels while elevating the levels of regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) at 1day. And taurine markedly decreased the level of 17 cytokine: eotaxin, Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-17, leptin, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and only increased the level of MIP-1α in a week. The results suggest that taurine effectively mitigates the severity of brain damage in TBI by attenuating the increase of astrocyte activity and edema as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines.
authors: The Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, PR China.
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Su
authors: Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300060, PR China.
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Fan
authors: Baoding NO. 1 Hospital, Baoding, Hebei 071000, PR China.
authors: Z
authors: Z
authors: Ma
authors: The Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, PR China.
authors: X
authors: X
authors: Wen
authors: Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300060, PR China.
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Wang
authors: Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300060, PR China.
authors: Q
authors: Q
authors: Wu
authors: Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300060, PR China. Electronic address: huanghuiling@126.com.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Huang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000473:pathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D007249:Inflammation / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000187:drug effects*; D013654:Taurine / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D013654:Taurine
keywords: Luminex; cytokine; inflammation; taurine; traumatic brain injury