title: Fractal design concepts for stretchable electronics.
abstract: Stretchable electronics provide a foundation for applications that exceed the scope of conventional wafer and circuit board technologies due to their unique capacity to integrate with soft materials and curvilinear surfaces. The range of possibilities is predicated on the development of device architectures that simultaneously offer advanced electronic function and compliant mechanics. Here we report that thin films of hard electronic materials patterned in deterministic fractal motifs and bonded to elastomers enable unusual mechanics with important implications in stretchable device design. In particular, we demonstrate the utility of Peano, Greek cross, Vicsek and other fractal constructs to yield space-filling structures of electronic materials, including monocrystalline silicon, for electrophysiological sensors, precision monitors and actuators, and radio frequency antennas. These devices support conformal mounting on the skin and have unique properties such as invisibility under magnetic resonance imaging. The results suggest that fractal-based layouts represent important strategies for hard-soft materials integration.
authors: 1] Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 104 South Goodwin Ave, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA [2] Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, 405 N. Mathews M/C 251, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA [3].
authors: Jonathan A
authors: JA
authors: Fan
authors: 1] Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 104 South Goodwin Ave, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA [2] Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 401 West Main St, Richmond, Virginia 23284, USA [3].
authors: Woon-Hong
authors: WH
authors: Yeo
authors: 1] Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Center for Engineering and Health, Skin Disease Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA [2] Center for Mechanics and Materials, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China [3].
authors: Yewang
authors: Y
authors: Su
authors: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 104 South Goodwin Ave, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
authors: Yoshiaki
authors: Y
authors: Hattori
authors: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 104 South Goodwin Ave, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
authors: Woosik
authors: W
authors: Lee
authors: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea.
authors: Sung-Young
authors: SY
authors: Jung
authors: 1] Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Center for Engineering and Health, Skin Disease Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA [2] Center for Mechanics and Materials, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
authors: Yihui
authors: Y
authors: Zhang
authors: Institute of High Performance Computing, A*Star, Singapore 138632, Singapore.
authors: Zhuangjian
authors: Z
authors: Liu
authors: Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Center for Engineering and Health, Skin Disease Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.
authors: Huanyu
authors: H
authors: Cheng
authors: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 104 South Goodwin Ave, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
authors: Leo
authors: L
authors: Falgout
authors: Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0412, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
authors: Mike
authors: M
authors: Bajema
authors: Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0412, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
authors: Todd
authors: T
authors: Coleman
authors: HRL Laboratories, LLC, 3011 Malibu Canyon Road, Malibu, California 90265, USA.
authors: Dan
authors: D
authors: Gregoire
authors: Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, 405 N. Mathews M/C 251, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
authors: Ryan J
authors: RJ
authors: Larsen
authors: Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Center for Engineering and Health, Skin Disease Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.
authors: Yonggang
authors: Y
authors: Huang
authors: 1] Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 104 South Goodwin Ave, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA [2] Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, 405 N. Mathews M/C 251, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
authors: John A
authors: JA
authors: Rogers
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004581:Electronics; D004817:Epidermis; D017709:Fractals; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019563:Mechanics; D055815:Young Adult