title: Mesenchymal stem cells, neural lineage potential, heparan sulfate proteoglycans and the matrix.
abstract: Along with the tri-lineage of bone, cartilage and fat, human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) retain neural lineage potential. Multiple factors have been described that influence lineage fate of hMSCs including the extracellular microenvironment or niche. The niche includes the extracellular matrix (ECM) providing structural composition, as well as other associated proteins and growth factors, which collectively influence hMSC stemness and lineage specification. As such, lineage specific differentiation of MSCs is mediated through interactions including cell-cell and cell-matrix, as well as through specific signalling pathways triggering downstream events. Proteoglycans (PGs) are ubiquitous within this microenvironment and can be localised to the cell surface or embedded within the ECM. In addition, the heparan sulfate (HS) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) families of PGs interact directly with a number of growth factors, signalling pathways and ECM components including FGFs, Wnts and fibronectin. With evidence supporting a role for HSPGs and CSPGs in the specification of hMSCs down the osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic lineages, along with the localisation of PGs in development and regeneration, it is conceivable that these important proteins may also play a role in the differentiation of hMSCs toward the neuronal lineage. Here we summarise the current literature and highlight the potential for HSPG directed neural lineage fate specification in hMSCs, which may provide a new model for brain damage repair.
authors: Genomics Research Centre, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia.
authors: Rachel K
authors: RK
authors: Okolicsanyi
authors: Genomics Research Centre, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia.
authors: Lyn R
authors: LR
authors: Griffiths
authors: Genomics Research Centre, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia. Electronic address: larisa.haupt@qut.edu.au.
authors: Larisa M
authors: LM
authors: Haupt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D019070:Cell Lineage; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism*; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000737:chemistry; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005819:Genetic Markers; D019812:Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans / Q000737:chemistry*; D006497:Heparan Sulfate / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D051379:Mice; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors; D005353:Fibronectins; D005819:Genetic Markers; D019812:Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans; D006497:Heparan Sulfate; D011509:Proteoglycans
keywords: Heparan Sulfate; Human mesenchymal stem cells; Neuronal niche; Proteoglycans