title: Trends in chlamydia positivity among heterosexual patients from the Victorian Primary Care Network for Sentinel Surveillance, 2007-2011.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe trends in chlamydia positivity from 2007 to 2011 among heterosexual people tested for chlamydia at selected clinics that provide services to people at high risk in Victoria, Australia.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Victorian Primary Care Network for Sentinel Surveillance is a prospective system that collates pathology results from laboratories and demographic and behavioural data from a questionnaire.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two sexual health clinics and six other primary care clinics that target young people and women at high risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  All clients tested for chlamydia at sentinel clinics. Individuals aged less than 16 years, sex workers, or those reporting any same-sex sexual partners in the past 12 months were excluded from the analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Chlamydia positivity trends were assessed using three-level random-effects Poisson regression, with clinic and subject treated as nested random factors. Models were offset for total number of tests and adjusted for relevant covariates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between 2007 and 2011, chlamydia positivity among 31 682 tests in women increased from 5.1% to 6.3%, and positivity among 23 771 tests in men increased from 7.4% to 8.2%. Adjusting for age, country of birth, number of sex partners, condom use, and presence of symptoms, chlamydia positivity increased between 2007 and 2011 significantly among women (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 1.29; 95% CI, 1.11-1.50) and non-significantly among men (IRR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.92-1.23). Over time, a decrease in reported inconsistent condom use was also observed in both men and women; however, men became more likely to report more than one partner in the past year.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We identified a concerning increase in chlamydia positivity over time, particularly among young women.
authors: Centre for Population Health, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. lim@burnet.edu.au.
authors: Megan S C
authors: MS
authors: Lim
authors: Centre for Population Health, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
authors: Carol
authors: C
authors: El-Hayek
authors: Centre for Population Health, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
authors: Jane L
authors: JL
authors: Goller
authors: Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
authors: Christopher K
authors: CK
authors: Fairley
authors: Centre for Population Health, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
authors: Phuong L T
authors: PL
authors: Nguyen
authors: Barwon Reproductive and Sexual Health Clinic, Barwon Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
authors: Rochelle A
authors: RA
authors: Hamilton
authors: Young People's Health Service, Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
authors: Dorothy J
authors: DJ
authors: Henning
authors: Family Planning Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
authors: Kathleen M
authors: KM
authors: McNamee
authors: Centre for Population Health, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
authors: Margaret E
authors: ME
authors: Hellard
authors: Centre for Population Health, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
authors: Mark A
authors: MA
authors: Stoove
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002690:Chlamydia Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D020010:Heterosexuality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015995:Prevalence; D011320:Primary Health Care; D012044:Regression Analysis; D014739:Victoria / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult