title: Antiretroviral therapy partly reverses the systemic and mucosal distribution of NK cell subsets that is altered by SIVmac₂₅₁ infection of macaques.
abstract: We characterized three subsets of NK cells in blood, and two subsets in mucosal tissues. SIVmac251 infection increased total and CD16(+) NK cells in the blood. In the rectum, we observed a significant increase in total and NKG2A(+) NK cells during SIV infection. In contrast, the NKp44(+) subset significantly depleted in acute infection and continued to decline in frequency during chronic phase. During SIV infection, blood CD16 and mucosal NKG2A(+) subsets had increased cytotoxic potential. Intriguingly, the NKp44(+) NK cell subtype that likely mediates mucosal homeostasis via the production of cytokines, acquired cytotoxicity. Antiretroviral therapy significantly increased the frequency of mucosal NKG2A(+) NK cells and peripheral CD16(+) NK cells. However, it failed to restore the normal frequency of NKp44(+) NK cells in the rectum. Thus, SIVmac251 infection causes changes in the distribution and function of NK cells and antiretroviral therapy during chronic infection only partially restores NK homeostasis and function.
authors: Animal Models & Retroviral Vaccines Section, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors: Namal P M
authors: NP
authors: Liyanage
authors: Animal Models & Retroviral Vaccines Section, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors: Shari N
authors: SN
authors: Gordon
authors: Animal Models & Retroviral Vaccines Section, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors: Melvin N
authors: MN
authors: Doster
authors: Animal Models & Retroviral Vaccines Section, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors: Poonam
authors: P
authors: Pegu
authors: Animal Models & Retroviral Vaccines Section, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors: Monica
authors: M
authors: Vaccari
authors: Animal Models & Retroviral Vaccines Section, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors: Nebiyu
authors: N
authors: Shukur
authors: Animal Models & Retroviral Vaccines Section, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors: Luca
authors: L
authors: Schifanella
authors: Animal Models & Retroviral Vaccines Section, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors: Cynthia A
authors: CA
authors: Pise-Masison
authors: Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland.
authors: Danuta
authors: D
authors: Lipinska
authors: Department of Immunology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland.
authors: Kamil
authors: K
authors: Grubczak
authors: Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland; Department of Allergology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland.
authors: Marcin
authors: M
authors: Moniuszko
authors: Animal Models & Retroviral Vaccines Section, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Electronic address: franchig@mail.nih.gov.
authors: Genoveffa
authors: G
authors: Franchini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008251:Macaca; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D012007:Rectum / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents
keywords: ART; Chemokine receptor; HAART; HIV; Innate immunity; Innate lymphoid cells; Macaques; Mucosal; NK cell; SIV