title: Chitosan scaffolds containing calcium phosphate salts and rhBMP-2: in vitro and in vivo testing for bone tissue regeneration.
abstract: Numerous strategies that are currently used to regenerate bone depend on employing biocompatible materials exhibiting a scaffold structure. These scaffolds can be manufactured containing particular active compounds, such as hydroxyapatite precursors and/or different growth factors to enhance bone regeneration process. Herein, we have immobilized calcium phosphate salts (CPS) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2)--combined or alone--into chitosan scaffolds using ISISA process. We have analyzed whether the immobilized bone morphogenetic protein preserved its osteoinductive capability after manufacturing process as well as BMP-2 in vitro release kinetic. We have also studied both the in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of the resulting scaffolds using a rabbit model. Results indicated that rhBMP-2 remained active in the scaffolds after the manufacturing process and that its release kinetic was different depending on the presence of CPS. In vitro and in vivo findings showed that cells grew more in scaffolds with both CPS and rhBMP-2 and that these scaffolds induced more bone formation in rabbit tibia. Thus chitosan scaffolds containing both CPS and rhBMP-2 were more osteoinductive than their counterparts alone indicating that could be useful for bone regeneration purposes, such as some applications in dentistry.
authors: Instituto de Estudios Biofuncionales, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors: Rodrigo
authors: R
authors: Guzmán
authors: Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid-ICMM, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain.
authors: Stefania
authors: S
authors: Nardecchia
authors: Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid-ICMM, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain.
authors: María C
authors: MC
authors: Gutiérrez
authors: Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid-ICMM, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain.
authors: María Luisa
authors: ML
authors: Ferrer
authors: Noricum Inc, Departamento de I+D, Parque Científico de Madrid, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain.
authors: Viviana
authors: V
authors: Ramos
authors: Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid-ICMM, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain.
authors: Francisco
authors: F
authors: del Monte
authors: Instituto de Estudios Biofuncionales, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors: Ander
authors: A
authors: Abarrategi
authors: Instituto de Estudios Biofuncionales, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors: José Luis
authors: JL
authors: López-Lacomba
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000494:pharmacology; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D048271:Chitosan / Q000494:pharmacology*; D055119:Elastic Modulus / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000379:methods*; D051379:Mice; D011817:Rabbits; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D012212:Rheology / Q000187:drug effects; D012492:Salts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013718:Tensile Strength / Q000187:drug effects; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
chemical_list: D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012492:Salts; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C499469:recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2; D048271:Chitosan; C020243:calcium phosphate