title: Ecotoxicity of engineered TiO2 nanoparticles to saltwater organisms: an overview.
abstract: The innovative properties of nanomaterials make them suitable for various applications in many fields. In particular, TiO2 nanoparticles (nTiO2) are widely used in paints, in cosmetics and in sunscreens that are products accessible to the mass market. Despite the great increase in the use of such nanomaterials, there is a paucity of general information about their potential effects to the aquatic species, especially to saltwater ones. Moreover, the difficulties of determining the effective exposure scenario make the acquired information low comparable. In this work, questions about the complexity of the real exposure scenario determination are discussed. The state of the art, concerning the experimental activities with nTiO2 toward the saltwater organisms is firstly illustrated, providing statistical information about the different matrices, organisms and nanoparticles employed. A comparison of the nTiO2 ecotoxicity effects, grouped by taxonomic classes, is provided illustrating their relative experimental conditions. Findings show the need to develop specific protocols for toxicity tests with ENPs to control the variability of experimental conditions. Some advices are finally proposed for the future experimental activities.
authors: Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari Venice, Campo della Celestia 2737/b, 30122 Venice, Italy. Electronic address: diego.minetto@unive.it.
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Minetto
authors: Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari Venice, Campo della Celestia 2737/b, 30122 Venice, Italy; ECSIN - European Center for the Sustainable Impact of Nanotechnology - Veneto Nanotech S.C.p.A., Viale Porta Adige 45, I-45100 Rovigo, Italy.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Libralato
authors: Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari Venice, Campo della Celestia 2737/b, 30122 Venice, Italy. Electronic address: voghi@unive.it.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Volpi Ghirardini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D059001:Aquatic Organisms / Q000187:drug effects*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D002591:Cetacea; D000460:Chlorophyta / Q000187:drug effects; D054750:Ecotoxicology / Q000592:standards*; D005399:Fishes; D007448:Invertebrates / Q000187:drug effects; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity*; D014025:Titanium / Q000633:toxicity*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium
keywords: Ecotoxicity; Exposure scenario; Saltwater species; TiO(2) nanoparticles