title: Strain glass transition in a multifunctional β-type Ti alloy.
abstract: Recently, a class of multifunctional Ti alloys called GUM metals attracts tremendous attentions for their superior mechanical behaviors (high strength, high ductility and superelasticity) and novel physical properties (Invar effect, Elinvar effect and low modulus). The Invar and Elinvar effects are known to originate from structural or magnetic transitions, but none of these transitions were found in the GUM metals. This challenges our fundamental understanding of their physical properties. In this study, we show that the typical GUM metal Ti-23Nb-0.7Ta-2Zr-1.2O (at%) alloy undergoes a strain glass transition, where martensitic nano-domains are frozen gradually over a broad temperature range by random point defects. These nano-domains develop strong texture after cold rolling, which causes the lattice elongation in the rolling direction associated with the transition upon cooling and leads to its Invar effect. Moreover, its Elinvar effect and low modulus can also be explained by the nano-domain structure of strain glass.
authors: Multi-disciplinary Materials Research Center, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
authors: Yu
authors: Y
authors: Wang
authors: Multi-disciplinary Materials Research Center, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
authors: Jinghui
authors: J
authors: Gao
authors: Multi-disciplinary Materials Research Center, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
authors: Haijun
authors: H
authors: Wu
authors: Multi-disciplinary Materials Research Center, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
authors: Sen
authors: S
authors: Yang
authors: Multi-disciplinary Materials Research Center, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
authors: Xiangdong
authors: X
authors: Ding
authors: Multi-disciplinary Materials Research Center, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
authors: Dong
authors: D
authors: Wang
authors: 1] Multi-disciplinary Materials Research Center, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China [2] National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba305-0047, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors: Xiaobing
authors: X
authors: Ren
authors: 1] Multi-disciplinary Materials Research Center, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China [2] Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, 2041 College Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
authors: Yunzhi
authors: Y
authors: Wang
authors: Multi-disciplinary Materials Research Center, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
authors: Xiaoping
authors: X
authors: Song
authors: Key Lab of Electromagnetic Processing of Material, Northeastern University, 3-11 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110004, China.
authors: Jianrong
authors: J
authors: Gao