title: Dual-energy CT for detection of contrast enhancement or leakage within high-density haematomas in patients with intracranial haemorrhage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Our study aimed to elucidate the diagnostic performance of dual-energy CT (DECT) in the detection of contrast enhancement in intracranial haematomas (ICrH) with early phase dual-energy computed tomography angiography (CTA) and compare the results with those obtained by delayed CT enhancement.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six patients with ICrH were retrospectively included in this study. All patients had undergone single-energy non-contrast CT and contrast-enhanced dual-source DECT. DECT images were post-processed with commercial software, followed by obtaining iodine images and virtual non-contrast images and generating combined images that created the impression of 120-kVp images. Two neuroradiologists, blinded to the patients' data, reviewed two reading sessions: session A (non-contrast CT and combined CT) and session B (non-contrast CT, combined CT, and iodine images) for detection of contrast enhancement in the haematomas.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Contrast leakage or enhancement was detected in 23 (57.5 %) out of 40 haemorrhagic lesions in 36 patients on delayed CT. Three enhanced lesions were depicted only in the DECT iodine images. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of session A were 82.6, 94.1, 95.0, and 80.0 %, respectively, and those of session B were 95.7, 94.1, 95.7, and 94.1 %, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DECT emphasised the iodine enhancement and facilitated the detection of contrast enhancement or leakage.
authors: Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan, watanabe@radiol.med.osaka-u.ac.jp.
authors: Yoshiyuki
authors: Y
authors: Watanabe
authors: Akio
authors: A
authors: Tsukabe
authors: Yuki
authors: Y
authors: Kunitomi
authors: Mitsuo
authors: M
authors: Nishizawa
authors: Atsuko
authors: A
authors: Arisawa
authors: Hisashi
authors: H
authors: Tanaka
authors: Kazuhisa
authors: K
authors: Yoshiya
authors: Takeshi
authors: T
authors: Shimazu
authors: Noriyuki
authors: N
authors: Tomiyama
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002533:Cerebral Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005119:Extravasation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materials / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006222:Hamartoma / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D020300:Intracranial Hemorrhages / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D015900:Radiography, Dual-Energy Scanned Projection / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media