title: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure in residents living near a cement factory with kilns.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was performed to investigate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) exposure in the area around a cement factory with kilns using waste, including refuse plastic fuel.
  
  
  METHODS
  Atmospheric total suspended particulates (TSPs) for each of an exposed area and a non-exposed area were collected. Similarly, urine samples were collected from 330 subjects in the exposed area and 126 subjects in the non-exposed area. Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry was used to analyze PAHs in the collected TSP samples and the PAH metabolites, urinary 2-naphthol (2-NAP) and 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP), of the residents. The concentrations of urinary 2-NAP and 1-OHP were adjusted by creatinine concentrations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The atmospheric concentrations of PAHs, including naphthalene and pyrene, were higher in the exposed area than those in the non-exposed area. The geometric means (GMs) of the urinary 2-NAP concentrations in the exposed and non-exposed groups without work experience were 4.06 and 1.55 μg/g creatinine, respectively. The GMs of the urinary 1-OHP concentrations were 0.26 and 0.14 μg/g creatinine, respectively. The results showed that the concentrations of PAH metabolites were significantly higher in the exposed group than those in the non-exposed group (p < 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis with the log-transformed urinary 2-NAP and 1-OHP concentrations and other variables indicated a strong correlation of residence in the exposed area and smoking with an increase in the urinary 2-NAP and 1-OHP concentrations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In addition to the known risk factors, this study indicated that living near a cement factory with kilns is also a risk factor for PAH exposure.
authors: Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute for Occupational and Environmental Health, Korea University, 126-1, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-701, Republic of Korea.
authors: YongMin
authors: Y
authors: Cho
authors: Geun-Bae
authors: GB
authors: Kim
authors: Yong-Sung
authors: YS
authors: Cho
authors: Min Seok
authors: MS
authors: Choi
authors: Seung-Hun
authors: SH
authors: Ryu
authors: Seung Hyun
authors: SH
authors: Choi
authors: Young-Koo
authors: YK
authors: Park
authors: Jae Wook
authors: JW
authors: Choi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D066192:Manufacturing Industry / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D009284:Naphthols / Q000652:urine; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis*; D011721:Pyrenes / Q000652:urine; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D009284:Naphthols; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D011721:Pyrenes; C033146:1-hydroxypyrene; C028405:2-naphthol