title: Immunoregulatory effects of Taishan Pinus massoniana pollen polysaccharide on chicks co-infected with avian leukosis virus and Bordetella avium early in ovo.
abstract: In recent years, co-infection of chicken embryos with immunosuppressive viruses and bacteria occurs with an annually increasing frequency. Consequently, studies on new and safe immunoregulators, especially plant polysaccharides, have become a popular topic in the poultry industry. In the present study, we selected 300 specific pathogen free embryonated eggs, which were injected with subgroup B avian leukosis virus (ALV-B) and Bordetella avium (B. avium) to establish an artificial co-infection model. The chicks that hatched from these co-infected embryonated eggs were treated with Taishan Pinus massoniana pollen polysaccharide (TPPPS). Results indicated that relevant indices in the co-infection group were significantly lower than that in B. avium-only group. Furthermore, pathogenicity of B. avium was exacerbated, with the chicks exhibiting decreased body weights. The TPPPS groups exhibited gradual improvements in immune function and developmental status. Therefore, in terms of improving immunologic function and production performance, TPPPS could be used as immunoregulator for immune responses.
authors: College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agriculture University, Shandong Province 271018, China.
authors: Fanxia
authors: F
authors: Guo
authors: College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Poultry Disease Institute, Shandong Agriculture University, Shandong Province 271018, China.
authors: Cong
authors: C
authors: Xue
authors: College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agriculture University, Shandong Province 271018, China.
authors: Cun
authors: C
authors: Wu
authors: College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agriculture University, Shandong Province 271018, China.
authors: Xue
authors: X
authors: Zhao
authors: College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agriculture University, Shandong Province 271018, China.
authors: Tinghe
authors: T
authors: Qu
authors: College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agriculture University, Shandong Province 271018, China.
authors: Xiaohua
authors: X
authors: He
authors: College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agriculture University, Shandong Province 271018, China.
authors: Zhongkun
authors: Z
authors: Guo
authors: College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agriculture University, Shandong Province 271018, China. Electronic address: zhurl2013@163.com.
authors: Ruiliang
authors: R
authors: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D001353:Avian Leukosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D001354:Avian Leukosis Virus / Q000276:immunology*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000276:immunology; D001885:Bordetella Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D042482:Bordetella avium / Q000276:immunology*; D002642:Chick Embryo; D002645:Chickens; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000097:blood; D009929:Organ Size / Q000276:immunology; D028223:Pinus / Q000276:immunology; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000821:virology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; D014766:Viremia / Q000662:veterinary / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D007376:Interleukin-2; D011134:Polysaccharides; D007371:Interferon-gamma
keywords: Bordetella avium; Co-infection; Embryo-borne diseases; Subgroup B avian leukosis virus; Taishan Pinus massoniana pollen polysaccharide