title: Is oxidative stress related to childhood urolithiasis?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Urolithiasis is a common condition in pediatric populations in Turkey. The role of oxidative stress in renal stone formation in pediatric patients has not been reported to date. The aim of this study was to assess oxidative stress in childhood urolithiasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-four children diagnosed with urolithiasis and 72 healthy control subjects were enrolled in the study. Kidney stone formers were evaluated by analysis of metabolic conditions related to urolithiasis, such as hypercalciuria, hyperoxaluria, hypocitraturia and hyperuricosuria. Urine total antioxidant status (TAS), and total oxidant status (TOS) were measured, and oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated as an indicator of the degree of oxidative stress.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the stone formers, metabolic analyses revealed that 30 % had hypercalciuria, 45 % had hypocitraturia, 6 % had hyperoxaluria and 40 % had hyperuricosuria. Elevated levels of the renal tubular damage marker urinary N-acetyl- beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) was elevated in 25 % of the patient group, but microalbuminuria was not detected. Total oxidant status and total antioxidant status were significantly higher in stone formers than in the controls (p = 0.023 and 0.004, respectively). In addition, urinary NAG was significantly correlated with TOS (r = 0.427, p = 0.019).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study show that oxidative stress may play an important role in the pathogenesis of pediatric stone formers.
authors: Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Bezmialem Vakif University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors: Nilufer
authors: N
authors: Göknar
authors: Faruk
authors: F
authors: Oktem
authors: Engin
authors: E
authors: Arı
authors: Aysegul Doğan
authors: AD
authors: Demir
authors: Emel
authors: E
authors: Torun
mesh_terms: D000118:Acetylglucosaminidase / Q000652:urine; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology; D052878:Urolithiasis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D003404:Creatinine; D000118:Acetylglucosaminidase