title: An upconversion nanoparticle--Zinc phthalocyanine based nanophotosensitizer for photodynamic therapy.
abstract: Recent advances in NIR triggering upconversion-based photodynamic therapy have led to substantial improvements in upconversion-based nanophotosensitizers. How to obtain the high efficiency of singlet oxygen generation under low 980 nm radiation dosage still remains a challenge. A highly efficient nanophotosensitizer, denoted as UCNPs-ZnPc, was constructed for photodynamic therapy, which is based on near infrared (NIR) light upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP) and Zn(II)-phthalocyanine (ZnPc) photosensitizer (PS). The high (1)O2 production efficiency came from the enhancement of the 660 nm upconversion emission of NaYF4:Yb(3+), Er(3+) UCNP with 25% Yb(3+) doping, covalent assemblage of UCNP and ZnPc which significantly shortened the distance and enhanced the energy transfer between the two. The high (1)O2 production led to a secure and efficient PDT treatment, as evidenced by the in vivo test where UCNPs-ZnPc of 50 mg per kg body weight was locally injected into the liver tumor in mice, a low 980 nm radiation dose of 351 J/cm(2) (0.39 W/cm(2)) and short irradiation duration of 15 min were sufficient to perform image-guided PDT and caused the liver tumor inhibitory ratio of approximately 80.1%. Histological analysis revealed no pathological changes and inflammatory response in heart, lung, kidney, liver or spleen.
authors: State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
authors: Lu
authors: L
authors: Xia
authors: State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China. Electronic address: xgkong14@ciomp.ac.cn.
authors: Xianggui
authors: X
authors: Kong
authors: State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China.
authors: Xiaomin
authors: X
authors: Liu
authors: State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
authors: Langping
authors: L
authors: Tu
authors: State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China.
authors: Youlin
authors: Y
authors: Zhang
authors: State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China.
authors: Yulei
authors: Y
authors: Chang
authors: State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China.
authors: Kai
authors: K
authors: Liu
authors: State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China.
authors: Dezhen
authors: D
authors: Shen
authors: Department of Basic Medicine, Gerontology Department of First Bethune Hospital, University of Jilin, Changchun 130021, China.
authors: Huiying
authors: H
authors: Zhao
authors: Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Hong
authors: H
authors: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D007211:Indoles / Q000737:chemistry*; D054833:Isoindoles; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D017967:Zinc Compounds
chemical_list: D007211:Indoles; D054833:Isoindoles; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D017967:Zinc Compounds; C052159:Zn(II)-phthalocyanine
keywords: Covalent assembly; Photodynamic therapy; Upconversion; ZnPc