title: Pseudodrusen subtypes as delineated by multimodal imaging of the fundus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To subclassify pseudodrusen based on their appearance in multimodal imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective, observational series.
  
  
  METHODS
  The color fundus photographs and infrared scanning laser ophthalmoscope (IR-SLO) images of patients with pseudodrusen were evaluated along with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD OCT) by masked readers. Distinct types of pseudodrusen could be differentiated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 140 eyes of 93 patients with a mean age of 82.4 years. Multimodal imaging analysis showed 3 subtypes of pseudodrusen. One principal type was an orderly array of whitish discrete accumulations principally located in the perifovea, termed dot pseudodrusen. They appeared as hyporeflective spots, often with a target configuration, in IR-SLO images. The second type was interconnected bands of yellowish-white material forming a reticular pattern, called ribbon pseudodrusen, which were located in the perifovea. This subtype was faintly hyporeflective in IR-SLO imaging. Dot pseudodrusen were detected more commonly with IR-SLO imaging than in color photography (P = .014) and ribbon pseudodrusen were seen more frequently in color than in IR-SLO images (P < .001). An uncommon third type of pseudodrusen, yellow-white globules primarily located peripheral to the perifoveal region, appeared hyper-reflective in IR-SLO and were called peripheral pseudodrusen. All 3 types were seen as subretinal drusenoid deposits by SD OCT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pseudodrusen may be classified into at least 3 categories, each with optimal methods of detection and only 1 that formed a reticular pattern. These findings suggest pseudodrusen could contain differing constituents and therefore may vary in conferred risk for progression to advanced age-related macular disease.
authors: Vitreous Retina Macula Consultants of New York; and the LuEsther T. Mertz Retinal Research Center, Manhattan Eye, Ear, and Throat Hospital, New York, New York.
authors: Mihoko
authors: M
authors: Suzuki
authors: Vitreous Retina Macula Consultants of New York; and the LuEsther T. Mertz Retinal Research Center, Manhattan Eye, Ear, and Throat Hospital, New York, New York.
authors: Taku
authors: T
authors: Sato
authors: Vitreous Retina Macula Consultants of New York; and the LuEsther T. Mertz Retinal Research Center, Manhattan Eye, Ear, and Throat Hospital, New York, New York. Electronic address: rick.spaide@gmail.com.
authors: Richard F
authors: RF
authors: Spaide
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D064847:Multimodal Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D009887:Ophthalmoscopy; D010781:Photography; D015593:Retinal Drusen / Q000145:classification* / Q000175:diagnosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence