title: Reproductive parameters in young men living in Rochester, New York.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe semen quality and reproductive hormone concentrations of young men living in Rochester, New York, and to compare these with published data from similar European and Japanese populations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University and college campuses in the Rochester, New York, area.
  
  
  METHODS
  Unselected young college students (n = 222).
  
  
  METHODS
  A physical examination, blood and semen samples, and completion of a brief questionnaire.
  
  
  METHODS
  Semen parameters and serum reproductive hormone levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects were aged 18-22 years (median age, 19.5 years), predominantly Caucasian (81%), and nonsmokers (79%), with a mean (SD) body mass index of 25.5 (4.2) kg/m(2). Overall, median sperm concentration was 52 × 10(6)/mL (5th-95th percentiles: 7-181 × 10(6)/mL), median total sperm count was 158 × 10(6) (14-587 × 10(6)), and 23.1% and 15.8% of men had a sperm concentration below 20 × 10(6)/mL and 15 × 10(6)/mL, respectively. Few men had serum hormones falling outside clinically normal ranges. Median sperm concentrations and reproductive hormone levels were comparable to those seen in young men in Denmark, Finland, and Japan.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study provides the first data in 70 years on semen quality and reproductive hormones in young men in the United States with unknown fertility. These data suggest that, overall, reproductive parameters in our study population of young college students from the northeastern United States are similar to those of young European and Japanese men.
authors: Division of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Department of Health and Social Sciences, University of Murcia School of Medicine, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
authors: Jaime
authors: J
authors: Mendiola
authors: University Department of Growth and Reproduction, University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors: Niels
authors: N
authors: Jørgensen
authors: University Department of Growth and Reproduction, University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors: Anna-Maria
authors: AM
authors: Andersson
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York.
authors: Richard W
authors: RW
authors: Stahlhut
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York; Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
authors: Fan
authors: F
authors: Liu
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York; Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York. Electronic address: shanna.swan@mssm.edu.
authors: Shanna H
authors: SH
authors: Swan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D054526:Men's Health / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009518:New York / Q000453:epidemiology; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012098:Reproduction / Q000502:physiology*; D055101:Semen Analysis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013334:Students / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones
keywords: Andrology; United States; male factor; reproductive hormones; semen quality