title: Molecular susceptibility weighted imaging of the glioma rim in a mouse model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Glioma is the most common and most difficult to treat brain cancer. Despite many efforts treatment, efficacy remains low. As neurosurgical removal is the standard procedure for glioma, a method, allowing for both early detection and exact determination of the location, size and extent of the tumor, could improve a patient's positive response to therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We propose application of susceptibility weighted molecular magnetic resonance imaging using, targeted contrast agents, based on superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, for imaging of the, glioma rim, namely brain-tumor interface. Iron oxide attached to the targeted cells increases, susceptibility differences at the boundary between tumor and normal tissue, providing the opportunity, to utilize susceptibility weighted imaging for improved tumor delineation. We investigated potential, enhancement of the tumor-brain contrast, including tumor core and rim when using susceptibility, weighted MRI for molecular imaging of glioma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant differences in contrast-to-noise ratio before, 12 and 120min after contrast, agent injection between standard gradient echo pulse sequence and susceptibility weighted molecular, magnetic resonance imaging for the core-brain, tumor rim-core and tumor rim-brain areas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Currently, the most common MRI contrast agent used for glioma diagnosis is a non-specific, gadolinium-based agent providing T1-weighted enhancement. Susceptibility-weighted magnetic, resonance imaging is much less efficient when no targeted superparamagnetic contrast agents are, used.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The improved determination of glioma extent provided by SWI offers an important new tool for, diagnosis and surgical planning.
authors: Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada; Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Krakow, 152 Radzikowskiego, Krakow, Malopolska 31-342, Poland.
authors: Barbara
authors: B
authors: Blasiak
authors: Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada.
authors: James
authors: J
authors: Landry
authors: Alberta Innovates Technology Futures, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
authors: Randy
authors: R
authors: Tyson
authors: Alberta Innovates Technology Futures, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
authors: Jonathan
authors: J
authors: Sharp
authors: Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada.
authors: Umar
authors: U
authors: Iqbal
authors: Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada; Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada.
authors: Abedelnasser
authors: A
authors: Abulrob
authors: Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada.
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Rushforth
authors: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada.
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Matyas
authors: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada.
authors: Dragana
authors: D
authors: Ponjevic
authors: Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada.
authors: Garnette R
authors: GR
authors: Sutherland
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University Vienna - General Hospital (AKH), Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1097 Vienna, Austria.
authors: Stefan
authors: S
authors: Wolfsberger
authors: Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada; Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Krakow, 152 Radzikowskiego, Krakow, Malopolska 31-342, Poland; Thunder Bay Regional Research Institute, 980 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 6V4, Canada. Electronic address: btomanek@ucalgary.ca.
authors: Boguslaw
authors: B
authors: Tomanek
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003287:Contrast Media; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D005910:Glioma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D011540:Prussian Blue Reaction; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; C000499:ferric oxide
keywords: Glioma; Molecular MRI; SWI; Targeted contrast agents