title: Left cardiac sympathetic denervation in the Netherlands for the treatment of inherited arrhythmia syndromes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Treating therapy-resistant patients with inherited arrhythmia syndromes can be difficult and left cardiac sympathetic denervation (LCSD) might be a viable alternative treatment option. We provide an overview of the indications and outcomes of LCSD in patients with inherited arrhythmia syndromes in the only tertiary referral centre in the Netherlands where LCSD is conducted in these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective study, including all patients with inherited arrhythmia syndromes who underwent LCSD in our institution between 2005 and 2013. LCSD involved ablation of the lower part of the left stellate ganglion and the first four thoracic ganglia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventeen patients, 12 long-QT syndrome (LQTS) patients (71 %) and 5 catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) patients (29 %), underwent LCSD. Most patients (94 %) were referred because of therapy-refractory cardiac events. In 87 % the annual cardiac event rate decreased. However, after 2 years the probability of complete cardiac event-free survival was 59 % in LQTS and 60 % in CPVT patients. Two patients (12 %) had major non-reversible LCSD-related complications: one patient suffered from a Harlequin face post-procedure and one severely affected LQT8 patient died the day after LCSD due to complications secondary to an arrhythmic storm during the procedure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LSCD for inherited arrhythmia syndromes, which is applied on a relatively small scale in the Netherlands, reduced the cardiac event rate in 87 % of the high-risk patients who had therapy-refractory cardiac events, while the rate of major complications was low. Therefore, LSCD seems a viable treatment for patients with inherited arrhythmia syndromes without other options for therapy.
authors: Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Centre, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors: L R A
authors: LR
authors: Olde Nordkamp
authors: A H G
authors: AH
authors: Driessen
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Odero
authors: N A
authors: NA
authors: Blom
authors: D R
authors: DR
authors: Koolbergen
authors: P J
authors: PJ
authors: Schwartz
authors: A A M
authors: AA
authors: Wilde