title: Effect of Cornus Officinalis on Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappaB Ligand (RANKL)-induced Osteoclast Differentiation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Osteoporosis is a disease of bones that is thought to result from an imbalance between bone resorption and bone formation. Although osteoporosis itself has no symptoms, osteoporosis caused by osteoclasts leads to an increased risk of fracture. Here we examined the effects of cornus officinalis on receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL)-mediated osteoclast differentiation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated the effects of cornus officinalis on RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation from bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) and performed a cytotoxicity assay, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and Western blot analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cornus officinalis significantly inhibits RANKL-mediated osteoclast differentiation in a dose-dependent manner, but without cytotoxicity against BMMs. The mRNA expression of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), osteoclast-associated receptor (OSCAR), c-Fos, and nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) in BMMs treated with RANKL was considerably inhibited by cornus officinalis treatment. Also, cornus officinalis inhibits the protein expression of c-Fos and NFATc1. Cornus officinalis greatly inhibits RANKL-induced phosphorylation of p38 and c-JUN N-terminal kinase (JNK). Also, cornus officinalis significantly suppresses RANKL-induced degradation of I-κB.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Taken together, our results suggest that cornus officinalis may be a useful the treatment of osteoporosis.
authors: Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea.
authors: Jung Young
authors: JY
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Oriental Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea. ; Wonkwang Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea.
authors: Yun-Kyung
authors: YK
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea. ; Institute for Skeletal Disease, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea. ; Institute for Environmental Science, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea.
authors: Min Kyu
authors: MK
authors: Choi
authors: Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea. ; Institute for Skeletal Disease, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea.
authors: Jaemin
authors: J
authors: Oh
authors: Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea. ; Institute for Skeletal Disease, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea.
authors: Han Bok
authors: HB
authors: Kwak
authors: Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea. ; Institute for Skeletal Disease, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea.
authors: Jeong-Joong
authors: JJ
authors: Kim
keywords: Cornus officinalis; Osteoclast; Osteoporosis; RANKL