title: Biological evaluation of Phellinus linteus-fermented broths as anti-inflammatory agents.
abstract: Phellinus linteus and its constituent hispolon induce potent anti-inflammatory activity in macrophages. Efficient production of the effective constituent and the biological function of P. linteus in the regulation of innate sensing have rarely been investigated. The aim of this study was to efficiently manufacture P. linteus-fermented broth containing the effective constituent, hispolon, and evaluate its immunoregulatory functions in macrophages. Four distinct fermented broths (PL1-4) and the medium dialyzate (MD) were prepared to screen suitable culture conditions for the mycelial growth of P. linteus. The P. linteus-fermented broth exhibited a dose-responsive inhibition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production by murine macrophages. In addition, the P. linteus-fermented broths suppressed macrophage LPS-mediated nuclear factor (NF)-κB activity and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Among the tested samples from P. linteus, PL4 contained vast amounts of hispolon and showed the greatest anti-inflammatory activity in both the RAW264.7 cells and murine primary peritoneal exudate macrophages (PEMs). This study demonstrates that the purification of the effective constituent from P. linteus-fermented broth may enable the production of a potent therapeutic agent for anti-inflammation in macrophages.
authors: Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, 91 Hsuehshih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
authors: Chun-Jung
authors: CJ
authors: Lin
authors: Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, 1727, Section 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung 40704, Taiwan.
authors: Hsiu-Man
authors: HM
authors: Lien
authors: Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, 500, Lioufeng Road, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
authors: Hsiao-Yun
authors: HY
authors: Chang
authors: Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuokuang Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
authors: Chao-Lu
authors: CL
authors: Huang
authors: Department of Microbiology and Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, 91 Hsuehshih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
authors: Jau-Jin
authors: JJ
authors: Liu
authors: Department of Optometry, Yuanpei University, 306, Yuanpei Street, Hsinchu 30015, Taiwan.
authors: Yun-Chieh
authors: YC
authors: Chang
authors: School of Management, Feng Chia University, 100, Wenhwa Road, Taichung 40724, Taiwan.
authors: Chia-Chang
authors: CC
authors: Chen
authors: Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, 91 Hsuehshih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Department of Microbiology and Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, 91 Hsuehshih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan. Electronic address: chl@mail.cmu.edu.tw.
authors: Chih-Ho
authors: CH
authors: Lai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001487:Basidiomycota / Q000378:metabolism*; D002396:Catechols / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D005285:Fermentation; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D002396:Catechols; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C103442:hispolon; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
keywords: Anti-inflammation; Hispolon; Macrophages; Nuclear factor-κB; Phellinus linteus