title: Longitudinal changes of cardiac structure and function in CKD (CASCADE study).
abstract: Little is known regarding the natural longitudinal changes in cardiac structure and function in CKD. We hypothesized that baseline CKD stage is associated with progressive worsening in cardiac structure and function. We conducted a prospective longitudinal study, recruiting 300 patients with stages 3-5 CKD from a major regional tertiary center and university teaching hospital in Hong Kong. Baseline CKD stages were studied in relation to natural longitudinal changes in echocardiographic and tissue Doppler imaging-derived parameters. Over 1 year, the prevalence of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy increased from 40.3% to 48.9%, median left atrial volume index increased 4.8 (interquartile range [IQR], 2.1, 7.7) ml/m(2) (P<0.001), peak systolic mitral annular velocity decreased 0.5 (IQR, -1.5, 0.5) cm/s (P<0.001), early diastolic mitral annular velocity decreased 0.5 (IQR, -1.5, 0.5) cm/s (P<0.001), and eGFR declined 2.0 (IQR, -5.0, 0.0) ml/min per 1.73 m(2). CKD stages 4 and 5 were associated with more baseline abnormalities in cardiac structure and function and predicted greater longitudinal progression in LV mass index (odds ratio [OR], 3.02; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.39 to 6.58), volume index (OR, 2.58; 95% CI, 1.18 to 5.62), and left atrial volume index (OR, 2.61; 95% CI, 1.20 to 5.69) and worse diastolic dysfunction grade (OR, 3.17; 95% CI, 1.16 to 8.69) compared with stage 3a in the fully adjusted analysis. In conclusion, more advanced CKD at baseline may be associated with larger longitudinal increases in LV mass and volume and greater deterioration in diastolic function.
authors: Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; and Department of Echocardiography, Cardiovascular Institute and Fu Wai Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors: Qi-Zhe
authors: QZ
authors: Cai
authors: Department of Echocardiography, Cardiovascular Institute and Fu Wai Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors: Xiu-Zhang
authors: XZ
authors: Lu
authors: Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; and.
authors: Ye
authors: Y
authors: Lu
authors: Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; and aymwang@hku.hk.
authors: Angela Yee-Moon
authors: AY
authors: Wang
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000473:pathology*; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: chronic kidney disease; echocardiography; heart disease; left ventricular hypertrophy