title: [Situation on 'eating out' and its related risk factors among 1013 Chinese adults in 3 provinces].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the characteristics of 'eating out' behavior among Chinese adults and to explore it related risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data in the present study was from the China Health and Nutrition Study(CHNS), including those from Liaoning, Henan and Hunan as sample provinces. 2 cities and 2 counties from each province and 2 urban communities and 2 suburban communities from each city plus communities from 1 township and 3 villages from each county were chosen. A final 1013 Chinese adults aged 18 to 59 years old who participated in the 2011 CHNS with complete individual information and were available in the present study period were involved in the study. 'Eating out behavior' was estimated through face-to-face interview on the items as:frequency, cost, ways of transportation and distance between restaurants, eating at fast food restaurants/Chinese full service restaurants/Chinese fast food restaurants/mobile food carts/cafes/canteens or other restaurants during the last week. Information on the amount of food intake was collected through three '24 h recalls'. We described the eating out behaviors by types of restaurants they had gone to and comparing eating out eaters and non-eating out eaters for a set of nutritional indicators in order to explore the risk factors related to 'eating out' behaviors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  'Eating out' was defined as individuals who consumed at least once in restaurants per week. In all the 1013 adults, 51.72% from urban and 39.14% from rural were defined as having 'eating out' experiences. Proportions of eating out in western fast food restaurants, Chinese full service restaurants, Chinese fast food restaurants, mobile food carts, cafes, canteens and other restaurants were 1.68%, 23.49%, 12.93%, 10.37%, 1.09%, 10.07% and 4.34%, respectively. Energy, Ca, Fe and Zn intake were substantially higher among eaters eating at Chinese full service restaurants than those who had not,Energy, protein, fibers, Ca and Zn intake were higher among canteens eaters than those who did not. Age, gender, education, income and residential areas were associated with eating out behaviors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Eating out is a significant nutritional issue among Chinese adults. Education related to nutrition should be taken into account to guide healthy food choices for adults who eat out.
authors: National Institute for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
authors: Wen-wen
authors: WW
authors: DU
authors: National Institute for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China. Email: suchanglon@126.com.
authors: Chang
authors: C
authors: Su
authors: National Institute for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
authors: Hui-jun
authors: HJ
authors: Wang
authors: National Institute for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
authors: Zhi-hong
authors: ZH
authors: Wang
authors: National Institute for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
authors: Ji-guo
authors: JG
authors: Zhang
authors: National Institute for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
authors: Ji
authors: J
authors: Zhang
authors: National Institute for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
authors: Hong-ru
authors: HR
authors: Jiang
authors: National Institute for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
authors: Yao-guang
authors: YG
authors: Zhang
authors: National Institute for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China. Email: zzhangb327@aliyun.com.
authors: Bing
authors: B
authors: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002681:China; D004034:Diet Surveys; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D009752:Nutritional Status; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population