title: Attraction of pea moth Cydia nigricana to pea flower volatiles.
abstract: The pea moth Cydia nigricana causes major crop losses in pea (Pisum sativum) production. We investigated attraction of C. nigricana females to synthetic pea flower volatiles in a wind tunnel and in the field. We performed electroantennogram analysis on 27 previously identified pea plant volatiles, which confirmed antennal responses to nine of the compounds identified in pea flowers. A dose-dependent response was found to eight of the compounds. Various blends of the nine pea flower volatiles eliciting antennal responses were subsequently studied in a wind tunnel. A four-compound blend comprising hexan-1-ol, (E)-2-hexen-1-ol, (Z)-β-ocimene and (E)-β-ocimene was equally attractive to mated C. nigricana females as the full pea flower mimic blend. We conducted wind-tunnel tests on different blends of these four pea flower compounds mixed with a headspace sample of non-flowering pea plants. By considering the effects of such green leaf background odour, we were able to identify (Z)- and (E)-β-ocimene as fundamental for host location by the pea moths, and hexan-1-ol and (E)-2-hexen-1-ol as being of secondary importance in that context. In the field, the two isomers of β-ocimene resulted in trap catches similar to those obtained with the full pea flower mimic and the four-compound blend, which clearly demonstrated the prime significance of the β-ocimenes as attractants of C. nigricana. The high level of the trap catches of female C. nigricana noted in this first field experiment gives a first indication of the potential use of such artificial kairomones in pea moth control.
authors: Bioforsk - Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research, Division of Plant Health and Plant Protection, Høgskoleveien 7, NO-1430 Ås, Norway. Electronic address: gunda.thoeming@bioforsk.no.
authors: Gunda
authors: G
authors: Thöming
authors: Bioforsk - Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research, Division of Plant Health and Plant Protection, Høgskoleveien 7, NO-1430 Ås, Norway. Electronic address: geir.knudsen@bioforsk.no.
authors: Geir K
authors: GK
authors: Knudsen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D057506:Arthropod Antennae / Q000187:drug effects; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D001681:Biological Assay; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D035264:Flowers / Q000737:chemistry*; D007753:Laboratories; D009036:Moths / Q000187:drug effects*; D009812:Odorants / Q000032:analysis; D018532:Pisum sativum / Q000737:chemistry*; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds
keywords: Fabaceae; Field attraction; GC–EAD; Kairomones; Pisum sativum; Tortricidae; Wind tunnel