title: Recent advances in ophthalmic molecular imaging.
abstract: The aim of molecular imaging techniques is the visualization of molecular processes and functional changes in living animals and human patients before morphological changes occur at the cellular and tissue level. Ophthalmic molecular imaging is still in its infancy and has mainly been used in small animals for pre-clinical research. The goal of most of these pre-clinical studies is their translation into ophthalmic molecular imaging techniques in clinical care. We discuss various molecular imaging techniques and their applications in ophthalmology.
authors: Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Departments of Ophthalmology and Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: j.e.decarvalho@amc.uva.nl.
authors: J Emanuel
authors: JE
authors: Ramos de Carvalho
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Frank D
authors: FD
authors: Verbraak
authors: Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Maurice C
authors: MC
authors: Aalders
authors: Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Departments of Ophthalmology and Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Cornelis J
authors: CJ
authors: van Noorden
authors: Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Departments of Ophthalmology and Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Academy of Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: r.schlingemann@amc.uva.nl.
authors: Reinier O
authors: RO
authors: Schlingemann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D057054:Molecular Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D009887:Ophthalmoscopy; D061848:Optical Imaging; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence
keywords: eye; magnetic resonance imaging; molecular imaging; multispectral imaging; ophthalmic imaging; ophthalmology; optical coherence tomography; optical imaging; scanning laser ophthalmoscope