title: Emerging technology: applications of Raman spectroscopy for prostate cancer.
abstract: There is a need in prostate cancer diagnostics and research for a label-free imaging methodology that is nondestructive, rapid, objective, and uninfluenced by water. Raman spectroscopy provides a molecular signature, which can be scaled from micron-level regions of interest in cells to macroscopic areas of tissue. It can be used for applications ranging from in vivo or in vitro diagnostics to basic science laboratory testing. This work describes the fundamentals of Raman spectroscopy and complementary techniques including surface enhanced Raman scattering, resonance Raman spectroscopy, coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy, confocal Raman spectroscopy, stimulated Raman scattering, and spatially offset Raman spectroscopy. Clinical applications of Raman spectroscopy to prostate cancer will be discussed, including screening, biopsy, margin assessment, and monitoring of treatment efficacy. Laboratory applications including cell identification, culture monitoring, therapeutics development, and live imaging of cellular processes are discussed. Potential future avenues of research are described, with emphasis on multiplexing Raman spectroscopy with other modalities.
authors: Smart Sensors and Integrated Microsystems Laboratories, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Wayne State University, 5050 Anthony Wayne Drive, Room 3100, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
authors: Rachel E
authors: RE
authors: Kast
authors: Stephanie C
authors: SC
authors: Tucker
authors: Kevin
authors: K
authors: Killian
authors: Micaela
authors: M
authors: Trexler
authors: Kenneth V
authors: KV
authors: Honn
authors: Gregory W
authors: GW
authors: Auner
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor