title: Genetic diversity and population structure of the major peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars grown in China by SSR markers.
abstract: One hundred and forty-six highly polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to assess the genetic diversity and population structure of 196 peanut (Arachis Hypogaea L.) cultivars which had been extensively planted in different regions in China. These SSR markers amplified 440 polymorphic bands with an average of 2.99, and the average gene diversity index was 0.11. Eighty-six rare alleles with a frequency of less than 1% were identified in these cultivars. The largest Fst or genetic distance was found between the cultivars that adapted to the south regions and those to the north regions in China. A neighbor-joining tree of cultivars adapted to different ecological regions was constructed based on pairwise Nei's genetic distances, which showed a significant difference between cultivars from the south and the north regions. A model-based population structure analysis divided these peanut cultivars into five subpopulations (P1a, P1b, P2, P3a and P3b). P1a and P1b included most the cultivars from the southern provinces including Guangdong, Guangxi and Fujian. P2 population consisted of the cultivars from Hubei province and parts from Shandong and Henan. P3a and P3b had cultivars from the northern provinces including Shandong, Anhui, Henan, Hebei, Jiangsu and the Yangtze River region including Sichuan province. The cluster analysis, PCoA and PCA based on the marker genotypes, revealed five distinct clusters for the entire population that were related to their germplasm regions. The results indicated that there were obvious genetic variations between cultivars from the south and the north, and there were distinct genetic differentiation among individual cultivars from the south and the north. Taken together, these results provided a molecular basis for understanding genetic diversity of Chinese peanut cultivars.
authors: Key Laboratory of the Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture/Oil Crop Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors: Xiaoping
authors: X
authors: Ren
authors: Key Laboratory of the Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture/Oil Crop Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors: Huifang
authors: H
authors: Jiang
authors: Key Laboratory of the Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture/Oil Crop Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors: Zhongyuan
authors: Z
authors: Yan
authors: Key Laboratory of the Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture/Oil Crop Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors: Yuning
authors: Y
authors: Chen
authors: Key Laboratory of the Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture/Oil Crop Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors: Xiaojing
authors: X
authors: Zhou
authors: Key Laboratory of the Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture/Oil Crop Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors: Li
authors: L
authors: Huang
authors: Key Laboratory of the Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture/Oil Crop Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors: Yong
authors: Y
authors: Lei
authors: Key Laboratory of the Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture/Oil Crop Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors: Jiaquan
authors: J
authors: Huang
authors: Key Laboratory of the Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture/Oil Crop Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors: Liying
authors: L
authors: Yan
authors: National Facility for Training Personnel in Life Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors: Yue
authors: Y
authors: Qi
authors: Key Laboratory of the Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture/Oil Crop Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors: Wenhui
authors: W
authors: Wei
authors: Key Laboratory of the Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture/Oil Crop Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors: Boshou
authors: B
authors: Liao
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D010367:Arachis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development*; D002681:China; D005819:Genetic Markers; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics*; D010802:Phylogeny; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D011336:Probability; D012984:Software
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers