title: Health Belief Model applied to non-compliance with HPV vaccine among female university students.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the reasons for refusal of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination, and to explore participants' perceptions and attitudes about Health Belief Model (HBM) constructs (perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action and self-efficacy) among a sample of female university students.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional. A self-administered questionnaire based on the HBM was used.
  
  
  METHODS
  Confirmatory factor analysis was applied to the data to examine the construct validity of the six factor models extracted from the HBM. The predictors of non-HPV vaccination were determined by logistic regression models, using non-HPV vaccination as the dependent variable.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sample included 2007 students. The participation rate was 88.9% and the percentage of non-vaccination was 71.65%. Participants who had high scores for 'general perceived barriers', 'perceived barriers to vaccination', 'no perceived general benefits', 'no perceived specific benefits' and 'no general benefits' were more likely to report being unvaccinated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings demonstrated the utility of HBM constructs in understanding vaccination intention and uptake. There is an urgent need to improve health promotion and information campaigns to enhance the benefits and reduce the barriers to HPV vaccination.
authors: Department of Public Health, Faculty of Nursing, University of Athens, Athens, Greece. Electronic address: elizadonadiki5@hotmail.com.
authors: E M
authors: EM
authors: Donadiki
authors: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health and Medical Immunology and Microbiology, Av. of Athens, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Jiménez-García
authors: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health and Medical Immunology and Microbiology, Av. of Athens, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain.
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Hernández-Barrera
authors: Department of Public Health, Faculty of Nursing, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Sourtzi
authors: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health and Medical Immunology and Microbiology, Av. of Athens, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain.
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Carrasco-Garrido
authors: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health and Medical Immunology and Microbiology, Av. of Athens, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: López de Andrés
authors: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health and Medical Immunology and Microbiology, Av. of Athens, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain.
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Jimenez-Trujillo
authors: Department of Public Health, Faculty of Nursing, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors: E G
authors: EG
authors: Velonakis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D033182:Intention; D016015:Logistic Models; D008960:Models, Psychological; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014495:Universities; D014611:Vaccination / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines
keywords: Health Belief Model; Human papillomavirus; Vaccine