title: Subclinical carotid atherosclerosis and hyperuricemia in relation to renal impairment in a rural Japanese population: the Nagasaki Islands study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The influence of hyperuricemia on atherosclerosis is controversial. Subclinical carotid atherosclerosis can be defined in two ways in terms of mean and maximum carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT): one with mean CIMT≥1.1 mm and the other with maximum CIMT≥1.1 mm. However, no studies have been reported of the association between hyperuricemia and subclinical carotid atherosclerosis while taking the two different ways of classification into account.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a cross-sectional study of 4133 subjects (1492 men and 2641 women) aged 30-89 years undergoing general health check-ups. For analysis of various associations, we calculated the multivariable odds ratios (ORs) for the two ways classifications of subclinical carotid atherosclerosis in relation to hyperuricemia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hyperuricemia-related renal impairment constitutes a significant marker for subclinical carotid atherosclerosis with mean CIMT≥1.1 mm for both men and women, while hyperuricemia per se was found to be beneficially associated with risk of subclinical carotid atherosclerosis with maximum CIMT≥1.1 mm for men. The classical cardiovascular risk factors without adjustment for glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of ORs for subclinical carotid atherosclerosis (mean CIMT≥1.1 mm) and subclinical carotid atherosclerosis (maximum CIMT≥1.1 mm) were 2.20(1.10-4.22) and 0.84(0.63-1.13) for men and 2.12(1.02-4.38) and 0.92(0.66-1.27) for women. After further adjustment for GFR, the corresponding values were 1.54(0.74-3.20) and 0.67(0.49-0.92) for men and 1.32(0.61-2.88) and 0.80(0.57-1.12) for women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hyperuricemia-related renal impairment is a significant marker for subclinical carotid atherosclerosis for both men and women, while hyperuricemia per se may be inversely associated with subclinical carotid atherosclerosis for men as seen in a rural community-dwelling Japanese population.
authors: Department of Community Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Nagasaki, Japan. Electronic address: simizicyuu@yahoo.co.jp.
authors: Yuji
authors: Y
authors: Shimizu
authors: Department of Community Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors: Shimpei
authors: S
authors: Sato
authors: Department of Island and Community Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Koyamatsu
authors: Department of Island and Community Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors: Hirotomo
authors: H
authors: Yamanashi
authors: Unit of Translational Medicine, Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors: Mami
authors: M
authors: Tamai
authors: Department of Community Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors: Koichiro
authors: K
authors: Kadota
authors: Department of Public Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors: Kazuhiko
authors: K
authors: Arima
authors: Center for Health and Community Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors: Hironori
authors: H
authors: Yamasaki
authors: Department of Global Health, Medicine and Welfare, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors: Noboru
authors: N
authors: Takamura
authors: Department of Public Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors: Kiyoshi
authors: K
authors: Aoyagi
authors: Department of Community Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Nagasaki, Japan; Department of Island and Community Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors: Takahiro
authors: T
authors: Maeda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology; D058070:Asymptomatic Diseases; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D033461:Hyperuricemia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008055:Lipids; D003404:Creatinine
keywords: CIMT; Cross-sectional study; Hyperuricemia