title: Environmental assessment on electrokinetic remediation of multimetal-contaminated site: a case study.
abstract: In this study, an environmental assessment on an electrokinetic (EK) system for the remediation of a multimetal-contaminated real site was conducted using a green and sustainable remediation (GSR) tool. The entire EK process was classified into major four phases consisting of remedial investigations (RIs), remedial action construction (RAC), remedial action operation (RAO), and long-term monitoring (LTM) for environmental assessment. The environmental footprints, including greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, total energy used, air emissions of criteria pollutants, such as NOx, SOx, and PM10, and water consumption, were calculated, and the relative contribution in each phase was analyzed in the environmental assessment. In the RAC phase, the relative contribution of the GHG emissions, total energy used, and PM10 emissions were 77.3, 67.6, and 70.4%, respectively, which were higher than those of the other phases because the material consumption and equipment used for system construction were high. In the RAO phase, the relative contributions of water consumption and NOx and SOx emissions were 94.7, 85.2, and 91.0%, respectively, which were higher than those of the other phases, because the water and electricity consumption required for system operation was high. In the RIs and LTM phases, the environmental footprints were negligible because the material and energy consumption was less. In conclusion, the consumable materials and electrical energy consumption might be very important for GSR in the EK remediation process, because the production of consumable materials and electrical energy consumption highly affects the GHG emissions, total energy used, and air emissions such as NOx and SOx.
authors: Department of Civil and Environmental Sciences, Korea Army Academy at Yeong-Cheon, 495 Hoguk-ro, Gogyeong-meyon, Yeongcheon-si, Gyeongbuk, 770-849, Republic of Korea.
authors: Do-Hyung
authors: DH
authors: Kim
authors: Jong-Chan
authors: JC
authors: Yoo
authors: Bo-Ram
authors: BR
authors: Hwang
authors: Jung-Seok
authors: JS
authors: Yang
authors: Kitae
authors: K
authors: Baek
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000379:methods*; D017752:Greenhouse Effect; D064371:Hazardous Waste Sites
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants