title: Interleukin gene expression is strongly modulated at the local level in a fish-parasite model.
abstract: The goal of this work was to identify interleukin (IL)-related genes in the gilthead sea bream (GSB) (Sparus aurata L.) and how they are modulated by the parasite Enteromyxum leei, a myxozoan that causes severe enteritis with a strong inflammatory response. A Blast-X search of our transcriptomic GSB database (www.nutrigroup-iats.org/seabreamdb) identified 16 new sequences encompassing seven ILs (IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12β, IL-15, IL-18, and IL-34), the interleukin enhancer-binding factor 2 (ILF2), and eight IL receptors (IL-R); IL-R1, IL-6RA, IL-6RB, IL-8RA, IL-10RA, IL-10RB, IL-18R1, and IL-22R. Except for ILF2, their expression, plus that of IL-1β, IL-1R2, IL-6, and TNF-α (from public repositories), were analysed by 96-well PCR array of samples of blood, spleen, head kidney, and intestine of GSB that were anally intubated with E. leei (recipient group, RCPT). Only the expression profile of the intestine of RCPT fish showed significant difference as compared to samples from PBS-inoculated fish. At 17 days post intubation (dpi), the expression of key pro-inflammatory ILs, such as IL-8, IL-8R, IL-12β, and TNFα was significantly up-regulated, whereas at 64 dpi, anti-inflammatory IL expression (IL-6, IL-6RB, IL-7, IL-10, IL-10RA, and IL-15) was predominant. These results indicate a modification of the IL expression at late times post infection, probably to protect the fish intestine from the parasite and damage inflicted by an excessive inflammatory response. Furthermore, the response is mainly mediated at the local level as no significant changes were detected in blood, spleen and head kidney.
authors: Fish Pathology Group, Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain.
authors: Gregorio
authors: G
authors: Pérez-Cordón
authors: Fish Pathology Group, Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain.
authors: Itziar
authors: I
authors: Estensoro
authors: Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain.
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: Benedito-Palos
authors: Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain.
authors: Josep Alvar
authors: JA
authors: Calduch-Giner
authors: Fish Pathology Group, Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain. Electronic address: ariadna.sitja@csic.es.
authors: Ariadna
authors: A
authors: Sitjà-Bobadilla
authors: Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain.
authors: Jaume
authors: J
authors: Pérez-Sánchez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D007378:Interleukins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D055764:Myxozoa / Q000502:physiology*; D009928:Organ Specificity; D010273:Parasitic Diseases, Animal / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D021541:Sea Bream; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D029941:Fish Proteins; D007378:Interleukins
keywords: Cytokines; Enteromyxum leei; Intestine; Myxozoa; Sparus aurata