title: Healthcare use and voluntary health insurance after retirement in Thailand.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The dramatic changes occurring in the age structure of the Thai population make providing healthcare services for the elderly a major challenge for decision makers. Because the number of the elderly will be increasing, together with the number of retired workers, under the Social Health Insurance (SHI) scheme, there will be the unmet needs for healthcare use after retirement. The SHI scheme does not cover workers after retirement unless they could use free healthcare for the elderly. In addition, the government budget is tight regarding the support of universal healthcare and long-term care services for all of the elderly. Therefore, the government could support retired workers who have the ability to pay by facilitating voluntary health insurance.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The main objectives of the present study are to analyze the characteristics of workers that need health insurance after retirement and to identify the factors explaining healthcare use to offer healthcare services to meet the workers' needs and expectations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four hundred insured workers under the Social Health Insurance (SHI) Scheme in Thailand were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. The Anderson-Newman model of healthcare use is the conceptual framework used in this study to understand the factors that explain healthcare use patterns of workers. Multiple regressions are employed extensively to evaluate the variables that predict healthcare use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  According to the survey, a person that purchases voluntary health insurance is likely to be female, have a higher personal income, and healthy. The characteristics related to healthcare use were poor health status, a high personal income, and peeople afflicted by chronic illness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a gap between healthcare service use and the demand for voluntary health insurance. People that have a high income are more likely to purchase voluntary health insurance, while people in worse health and afflicted by chronic illness may have greater difficulty purchasing voluntary health insurance because they face higher premiums or are denied coverage by insurers.
authors: Business Economics, Martin De Tours School of Management and Economics, Assumption University, Suvarnabhumi Campus, Bangsaothong, Samuthprakarn, 10540, Thailand, adjaan@gmail.com.
authors: Papar
authors: P
authors: Kananurak
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007348:Insurance, Health / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020380:Needs Assessment; D012179:Retirement / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013785:Thailand / Q000453:epidemiology