title: Effect of cadmium stress on inductive enzymatic and nonenzymatic responses of ROS and sugar metabolism in multiple shoot cultures of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera Dunal).
abstract: Withania somnifera is one of the most important medicinal plant and is credited with various pharmacological activities. In this study, in vitro multiple shoot cultures were exposed to different concentrations (5-300 μM) of cadmium (Cd) as cadmium sulphate to explore its ability to accumulate the heavy metal ion and its impact on the metabolic status and adaptive responses. The results showed that supplemental exposure to Cd interfered with N, P, and K uptake creating N, P, and K deficiency at higher doses of Cd that also caused stunting of growth, chlorosis, and necrosis. The study showed that in vitro shoots could markedly accumulate Cd in a concentration-dependent manner. Enzymatic activities and isozymic pattern of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, and dehydroascorbate reductase were altered substantially under Cd exposure. Sugar metabolism was also markedly modulated under Cd stress. Various other parameters including contents of photosynthetic pigments, phenolics, tocopherol, flavonoids, reduced glutathione, nonprotein thiol, ascorbate, and proline displayed major inductive responses reflecting their protective role. The results showed that interplay of enzymatic as well as nonenzymatic responses constituted a system endeavor of tolerance of Cd accumulation and an efficient scavenging strategy of its stress implications.
authors: CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow, 226015, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors: Bhawana
authors: B
authors: Mishra
authors: Rajender S
authors: RS
authors: Sangwan
authors: Smrati
authors: S
authors: Mishra
authors: Jyoti S
authors: JS
authors: Jadaun
authors: Farzana
authors: F
authors: Sabir
authors: Neelam S
authors: NS
authors: Sangwan
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D019187:Cadmium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D009336:Necrosis / Q000139:chemically induced; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000378:metabolism*; D011188:Potassium / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013431:Sulfates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D032341:Withania / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D019187:Cadmium Compounds; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013431:Sulfates; D010758:Phosphorus; C037123:cadmium sulfate; D005978:Glutathione; D009584:Nitrogen; D011188:Potassium; C030693:Ashwagandha