title: Combined transurethral and laparoscopic partial cystectomy and robotically assisted bladder repair for the treatment of bladder endocervicosis: case report and review of the literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endocervicosis, endosalpingiosis, endometriosis, and adenomyosis represent choristomas of Mullerian origin and are referred to as mullerianosis. These conditions frequently coexist, and they may present with pelvic pain, mass lesions, and/or infertility. Clinically, they are indistinguishable from one another, and histologically their epithelium is that of the endocervix, endosalpinx, or endometrium. Endocervicosis can be found in the urinary tract, frequently presenting as a bladder lesion or bladder dysfunction.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report here a case of bladder endocervicosis in a woman with extensive endometriosis and a bladder tumour who presented with chronic pelvic pain and infertility. Pelvic endometriosis was excised and vaporized with the CO2 laser, and the bladder lesion was excised in a combined transurethral and laparoscopic approach using the CO2 laser and robotic monopolar electrosurgical scissors. The cystotomy was then repaired using the robot, and the patient had an uneventful recovery with good clinical outcomes including spontaneous conception.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endocervicosis of the urinary bladder is a rare Mullerian choristoma. Symptomatic lesions can be removed surgically by various surgical techniques, and a collaborative team-based approach is in the patient's best interest.
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Western Ontario, London ON.
authors: Chandrew
authors: C
authors: Rajakumar
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Western Ontario, London ON.
authors: George A
authors: GA
authors: Vilos
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Western Ontario, London ON.
authors: Angelos G
authors: AG
authors: Vilos
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Western Ontario, London ON.
authors: Jennifer L
authors: JL
authors: Marks
authors: Department of Pathology, University of Western Ontario, London ON.
authors: Helen C
authors: HC
authors: Ettler
authors: Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, University of Western Ontario, London ON.
authors: Stephen S
authors: SS
authors: Pautler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002584:Cervix Uteri; D002828:Choristoma / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D015653:Cystectomy / Q000379:methods*; D004598:Electrosurgery; D004715:Endometriosis / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D010535:Laparoscopy; D053685:Laser Therapy; D009095:Mullerian Ducts; D017699:Pelvic Pain; D012371:Robotics; D001745:Urinary Bladder Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: bladder tumour; endocervicosis; endometriosis; laparoscopic surgery; mullerianosis; robotic