title: Application of a new dye for near-infrared fluorescence laparoscopy of the ureters: demonstration in a pig model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ureteral injury during laparoscopic colorectal surgery is a rare but serious complication with a reported incidence rate of 0.66%. The early detection and prevention of ureteral injury is clinically relevant and important. The successful use of preclinical near-infrared fluorophore CW800-CA for real-time intraoperative identification of the anatomical course of the ureters with the use of a laparoscopic fluorescence imaging system is reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  The usefulness of this new imaging technique was explored in two 35-kg pigs. Intravenous CW800-CA was administered 10 minutes before fluorescence imaging was conducted with the use of a commercially available laparoscopic fluorescence imaging system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A dose of 1 mg/mL CW800-CA (bolus injection of 3 mL) provided clear delineation of the course of both ureters by using the fluorescence mode of the laparoscope. There were no adverse reactions to the injected dye.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Near-infrared fluorescence laparoscopy of the ureters, following intravenous CW800-CA administration, is easily applicable and provides real-time identification of the course of the ureters.
authors: 1Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center & NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands 2Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany 3Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, BioOptical Imaging Center, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors: Rutger M
authors: RM
authors: Schols
authors: Toine M
authors: TM
authors: Lodewick
authors: Nicole D
authors: ND
authors: Bouvy
authors: Gooitzen M
authors: GM
authors: van Dam
authors: Cornelis H C
authors: CH
authors: Dejong
authors: Laurents P S
authors: LP
authors: Stassen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003107:Colorectal Surgery / Q000009:adverse effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007211:Indoles; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared; D013552:Swine; D014513:Ureter / Q000293:injuries*
chemical_list: C587557:CW800-CA; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007211:Indoles