title: Clinical significance of co-expression of aberrant antigens in acute leukemia: a retrospective cohort study in Makah Al Mukaramah, Saudi Arabia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Aberrant phenotypes in acute leukemia have variable frequency and their prognostic and predictive relevance is controversial, despite several reports of clinical significance.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of aberrant antigen expression in acute leukemia, assess clinical relevance and demonstrate immunophenotype-karyotype correlations.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 73 (40 AML and 33 ALL) newly diagnosed acute leukemia cases presenting to KAMC, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, were included. Diagnosis was based on WHO criteria and FAB classification. Immunophenotyping by flow cytometry, conventional karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization for gene rearrangements were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Aberrant antigens were detected in 27/40 (67.5%) of AML and in 14/33 (42.4%) in ALL cases. There were statistically significant higher TLC in Ly+ AML than in Ly-AML (p=0.05) and significant higher blast count in ALL with aberrant antigens at presentation and day 14 (p=0.005, 0.046). There was no significant relation to clinical response, relapse free survival (RFS) or overall survival (p>0.05), but AML cases expressing ≥2 Ly antigens showed a lower median RFS than those expressing a single Ly antigen. In AML, CD 56 was expressed in 11/40. CD7 was expressed in 7/40, having a significant relation with an unfavorable cytogenetic pattern (p=0.046). CD4 was expressed in 5/40. CD19 was detected in 4/40 AML associated with M2 and t (8; 21). In ALL cases, CD33 was expressed in 7/33 and CD13 in 5/33. Regarding T Ag in B-ALL CD2 was expressed in 2 cases and CD56 in 3 cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aberrant antigen expression may be associated with adverse clinical data at presentation. AML cases expressing ≥2 Ly antigens may have shorter median RFS. No specific cytogenetic pattern is associated with aberrant antigen expression but individual antigens may be related to particular cytogenetic patterns. Immunophenotype-karyotype correlations need larger studies for confirmation.
authors: Laboratory and Blood Bank Department, KAMC, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia E-mail : manarismail4@yahoo.com.
authors: Nahla Ahmad Bahgat
authors: NA
authors: Abdulateef
authors: Manar Mohammad
authors: MM
authors: Ismail
authors: Hanadi
authors: H
authors: Aljedani
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000032:analysis*; D000950:Antigens, Ly / Q000032:analysis*; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D059785:Karyotype; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000276:immunology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012529:Saudi Arabia; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D000950:Antigens, Ly; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm