title: Comparative structural morphometry and elemental composition of three marine sponges from western coast of India.
abstract: Three marine sponges Halichondria glabrata, Cliono lobata, and Spirastrella pachyspira from the western coastal region of India were compared for their morphometry, biochemical, and elemental composition. One-way analysis of variance was applied for spicule morphometry results. Length, width, and length:width ratio were calculated independently. The ratio of length:width varied from 35 to 42 among the grown samples, which remained in the range of 10-22 in young sample at the beginning of studies. However, no significant change was observed in spicule width compared to length. Elemental compositions of marine sponges were determined by field emission gun-scanning electron microscope. Scanning electron microscopy data revealed that the spicules of all the three sponges were mostly composed of O (47-56%) and Si (30-40%), whereas Al (14.33%) was only detected in the spicules of C. lobata. Apart from these, K, Ni, Ca, Fe, Mg, Na, and S were additionally detected in all the three samples. Presence of heavy metals in the sponges was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy. Results showed that iron was present in a large amount in samples, followed by zinc, lead, and copper.
authors: Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, Mumbai, 400056, Maharashtra, India.
authors: Maushmi S
authors: MS
authors: Kumar
authors: Bhaumik
authors: B
authors: Shah
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004602:Elements; D007194:India; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D011161:Porifera / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic
chemical_list: D004602:Elements; D019216:Metals, Heavy
keywords: Cliono lobata; Halichondria glabrata; ICP-AES; Spirastrella pachyspira; scanning electron microscopy