title: Environmental and biological monitoring of persistent organic pollutants in waterbirds by non-invasive versus invasive sampling.
abstract: Three main groups of persistent organic pollutants (POPs); namely organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs) were quantified in water and sediment samples, as well as in various invasive and non-invasive samples from waterbirds in the Büyük Menderes River (BMR). Liver and muscle tissues, blood, and preen gland oil samples of yellow-legged gull (Larus michahellis) and Euroasian coot (Fulica atra) were collected both from the origin (Işıklı Lake) and the estuary (Söke) of the river, blood and preen gland oil samples of grey heron (Ardea cinerea) and pelican (Pelecanus crispus) were collected from the estuary only. In addition, non-hatched eggs from several above species and Mediterranean gull (Larus melanocephalus), in either station were collected. In all samples, POP contamination was measured and the potential usefulness of those invasive and non-invasive sampling for biomonitoring was evaluated. Activities of antioxidant enzymes were measured as potential indicators of POP exposure and of changes in the cellular defence. Venous blood proved to be a promising biomonitor for the concentrations in liver and muscle, especially for PCBs. Activities of antioxidant enzymes were correlated with the liver concentrations of several OCP congeners. The measured egg DDE concentrations were below the established threshold concentrations for the risk of hatch and reproductive success.
authors: Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, 35100 Bornova-İzmir, Turkey.
authors: Rasih
authors: R
authors: Kocagöz
authors: Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ege University, 35100 Bornova-İzmir, Turkey.
authors: Ortaç
authors: O
authors: Onmuş
authors: Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, 35100 Bornova-İzmir, Turkey.
authors: İlgen
authors: İ
authors: Onat
authors: Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, 35100 Bornova-İzmir, Turkey.
authors: Beste
authors: B
authors: Çağdaş
authors: Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ege University, 35100 Bornova-İzmir, Turkey.
authors: Mehmet
authors: M
authors: Sıkı
authors: Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, 35100 Bornova-İzmir, Turkey. Electronic address: horhan@gmail.com.
authors: Hilmi
authors: H
authors: Orhan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001717:Birds / Q000378:metabolism*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry; D009132:Muscles / Q000737:chemistry; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase
keywords: Aegean Sea; Büyük Menderes River; Environmental monitoring; Field study; Invasive sampling; Non-invasive sampling; Persistent organic pollutants; Waterbird