title: [The pathogenic ecology research on plague in Qinghai plateau].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the pathogenic ecology characteristics of plague in Qinghai plateau.
  
  
  METHODS
  Applied molecular biology techniques, conventional technologies and geographic information system (GIS) to study phenotypic traits, plasmid spectrum, genotype, infected host and media spectrum etc.of 952 Yersinia pestis strains in Qinghai plateau plague foci, which were separated from different host and media in different regions during 1954 to 2012.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ecotypes of these strains were Qingzang plateau (91.49%, 871/952),Qilian mountain (6.41%, 61/952) and Microtus fuscus (1.26%, 12/952).83.6% (796/952) of these strains contained all the 4 virulence factors (Fr1, Pesticin1,Virulence antigen, and Pigmentation), 93.26% (367/392) were velogenic strains confirmed by virulence test.725 Yersinia pestis strains were separated from Qinghai plateau plague foci carried 9 kinds of plasmid, among which 713 strains from Marmot himalayan plague foci carried 9 kinds of plasmid, the Mr were 6×10(6), 7×10(6), 23×10(6), 27×10(6), 30×10(6), 45×10(6), 52×10(6), 65×10(6) and 92×10(6) respectively. 12 Yersinia pestis strains were separated from Microtus fuscus plague foci carried only 3 kinds of plasmid, the Mr were 6×10(6), 45×10(6), 65×10(6). Meanwhile, the strains carrying large plasmid (52×10(6), 65×10(6) and 92×10(6)) were only distributed in particular geographical location, which had the category property. The research also confirmed that 841 Yersinia pestis strains from two kinds of plague foci in Qinghai plateau had 11 genomovars. The strains of Marmot himalayan plague foci were given priority to genomovar 5 and 8, amounted to 611 strains, genomovar 8 accounted for 56.00% (471/841), genomovar 5 accounted for 23.07% (194/841). Besides, 3 new genomovars, including new 1(62 strains), new 2(52 strains), new 3(48 strains) were newly founded, and 12 strains of Microtus fuscus plague foci were genomovar 14.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The main host and media of Qinghai plateau plague foci directly affected the spatial distribution regularities of plague epidemic and the pathogens characteristics, meanwhile the polymorphism of plague ecological geographic landscape leds to the complexity of Yersinia pestis' genotype.
authors: Plague Prevention and Control Department, Qinghai Institute for Endemic Diseases Prevention and Control, Xining 811602, China.
authors: Rui-xia
authors: RX
authors: Dai
authors: Plague Prevention and Control Department, Qinghai Institute for Endemic Diseases Prevention and Control, Xining 811602, China.
authors: Bai-qing
authors: BQ
authors: Wei
authors: Plague Prevention and Control Department, Qinghai Institute for Endemic Diseases Prevention and Control, Xining 811602, China.
authors: Cun-xiang
authors: CX
authors: Li
authors: Plague Prevention and Control Department, Qinghai Institute for Endemic Diseases Prevention and Control, Xining 811602, China.
authors: Hao-ming
authors: HM
authors: Xiong
authors: Plague Prevention and Control Department, Qinghai Institute for Endemic Diseases Prevention and Control, Xining 811602, China.
authors: Xiao-yan
authors: XY
authors: Yang
authors: Plague Prevention and Control Department, Qinghai Institute for Endemic Diseases Prevention and Control, Xining 811602, China.
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Fan
authors: Plague Prevention and Control Department, Qinghai Institute for Endemic Diseases Prevention and Control, Xining 811602, China.
authors: Mei-ying
authors: MY
authors: Qi
authors: Plague Prevention and Control Department, Qinghai Institute for Endemic Diseases Prevention and Control, Xining 811602, China.
authors: Juan
authors: J
authors: Jin
authors: Plague Prevention and Control Department, Qinghai Institute for Endemic Diseases Prevention and Control, Xining 811602, China.
authors: Rong-jie
authors: RJ
authors: Wei
authors: Plague Prevention and Control Department, Qinghai Institute for Endemic Diseases Prevention and Control, Xining 811602, China.
authors: Jian-ping
authors: JP
authors: Feng
authors: Plague Prevention and Control Department, Qinghai Institute for Endemic Diseases Prevention and Control, Xining 811602, China.
authors: Xing
authors: X
authors: Jin
authors: Plague Prevention and Control Department, Qinghai Institute for Endemic Diseases Prevention and Control, Xining 811602, China. Email:wangzuyun2006 @163.com.
authors: Zu-yun
authors: ZY
authors: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003411:Arvicolinae / Q000382:microbiology; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004197:Disease Reservoirs / Q000382:microbiology; D004463:Ecology; D005838:Genotype; D008392:Marmota / Q000382:microbiology; D010930:Plague / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D014774:Virulence / Q000235:genetics; D015010:Yersinia pestis / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity