title: Update on perioperative right heart assessment using transesophageal echocardiography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This review aims to summarize recent findings relevant for perioperative 2- and 3-dimensional imaging of the right heart with transesophageal echocardiography. Special attention is given to developments that are likely to affect future approaches for prevention and therapy of perioperative right heart failure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography techniques are becoming more common for the evaluation of anatomy, volumes, and functional indices.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Right heart failure continues to contribute to morbidity and mortality in the context of cardiothoracic surgery. The advent and widespread clinical use of innovative tools permitting more accurate echocardiographic assessment of the right heart will open the door to renewed interest in novel therapeutic strategies.
authors: Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
authors: Karsten
authors: K
authors: Bartels
authors: Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
authors: Jörn
authors: J
authors: Karhausen
authors: Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA.
authors: Breandan L
authors: BL
authors: Sullivan
authors: Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA gbmac@uw.edu.
authors: G Burkhard
authors: GB
authors: Mackensen
mesh_terms: D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal / Q000379:methods*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D019990:Perioperative Care / Q000379:methods; D019616:Thoracic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D016278:Ventricular Function, Right / Q000502:physiology
keywords: 3-dimensional echocardiography; cardiothoracic anesthesia; perioperative; right ventricle; transesophageal echocardiography; ultrasound imaging