title: Preconditioning with gabexate is superior to inosine for ameliorating acute renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to compare the protease inhibitor gabexate with widely used inosine for reducing renal ischemia-reperfusion injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 48 rats were divided into 4 groups of 12 and administered gabexate, inosine, normal saline (NS), or nothing by injection through the vena dorsalis of the penis. Then all rats were subjected to right nephrectomy and 30-minute warm ischemia of the left kidney. At 24 and 48 hours after reperfusion, blood samples were collected from the inferior vena cava and serum creatinine (SCr) was assayed. Left kidney tissue was homogenized and used to assay malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The tissue was also analyzed using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, TUNEL staining, and NF-κB immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SCr level decreased after reperfusion more in the gabexate group than in the other groups. Reperfused kidney tissue in the gabexate group showed lower MDA levels but higher SOD activity than did tissue in the inosine and saline groups, as well as lower pathology scores based on HE staining, lower necrosis index, and lower levels of NF-κB expression (all P < .05). Tissue in the inosine and saline groups showed similar necrosis index and NF-κB expression (P > .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preconditioning with gabexate is superior to preconditioning with inosine for ameliorating rat renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Future studies are needed to verify the effects of gabexate in the clinic, especially for kidney transplantation.
authors: Department of Urology, Ministry of Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
authors: L-B
authors: LB
authors: Xie
authors: Department of Urology, Ministry of Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
authors: D-Y
authors: DY
authors: Zeng
authors: Department of Urology, Ministry of Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
authors: X-D
authors: XD
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Urology, Ministry of Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Lin
authors: Department of Urology, Ministry of Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
authors: Y-P
authors: YP
authors: Li
authors: Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Ministry of Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: yipinglu@163.com.
authors: Y-P
authors: YP
authors: Lu
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000818:Animals; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D016670:Gabexate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D007288:Inosine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning / Q000379:methods*; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D016670:Gabexate; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D007288:Inosine; D003404:Creatinine; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase