title: Cognitive functioning in obstructive lung disease: results from the United Kingdom biobank.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare domains of cognitive functioning between persons with and without obstructive lung disease (OLD) and to analyze the relationship between cognitive functioning and the degree of airflow limitation.
  
  
  METHODS
  An observational population-based study.
  
  
  METHODS
  This research was conducted using the United Kingdom Biobank Resource.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population consisted of 43,039 persons with complete data on cognitive functioning and spirometry.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cognitive functioning was compared between persons with and without OLD using linear regression analysis. The relationship between impairment in lung function and cognitive impairment was assessed among persons with OLD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Persons with OLD had significantly worse scores than persons without OLD on prospective memory [β = -0.15 (-0.22 to -0.09)], visuospatial memory [β round 1 = 0.06 (0.03‒0.10)]; β round 2 = 0.09 (<0.001‒0.18)), numeric short-term memory [β = ‒0.05 (‒0.10 to <0.001)] and cognitive processing speed [β = 4.62 (1.25‒8.01)] after correction for possible confounders. Impairment in prospective memory [β = 0.004 (<0.001‒0.01)] and numeric short-term memory [β = 0.01 (0.003‒0.01)] were weakly related to FEV1 (adjusted P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Persons with OLD experience cognitive impairment in different domains, which is partially related to airway obstruction. In particular, memory and information processing are affected. Further assessment of the relationship with patient-related outcomes is needed to optimize patient-oriented treatment.
authors: Program Development Center, CIRO+, Center of Expertise for Chronic Organ Failure, Horn, The Netherlands. Electronic address: fionacleutjens@ciro-horn.nl.
authors: Fiona A H M
authors: FAHM
authors: Cleutjens
authors: Program Development Center, CIRO+, Center of Expertise for Chronic Organ Failure, Horn, The Netherlands.
authors: Martijn A
authors: MA
authors: Spruit
authors: Department of Psychology, Maastricht UMC+/School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (MHeNS), Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors: Rudolf W H M
authors: RWHM
authors: Ponds
authors: Department of Psychology, Maastricht UMC+/School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (MHeNS), Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors: Jeanette B
authors: JB
authors: Dijkstra
authors: Program Development Center, CIRO+, Center of Expertise for Chronic Organ Failure, Horn, The Netherlands.
authors: Frits M E
authors: FME
authors: Franssen
authors: Program Development Center, CIRO+, Center of Expertise for Chronic Organ Failure, Horn, The Netherlands; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht UMC+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors: Emiel F M
authors: EFM
authors: Wouters
authors: Program Development Center, CIRO+, Center of Expertise for Chronic Organ Failure, Horn, The Netherlands.
authors: Daisy J A
authors: DJA
authors: Janssen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D018070:Biological Specimen Banks; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003071:Cognition; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008173:Lung Diseases, Obstructive / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012648:Self Care; D013147:Spirometry; D006113:United Kingdom
keywords: COPD; UK Biobank; cognition; lung function; neuropsychological functioning; self-management