title: An insight into the sialome of the frog biting fly, Corethrella appendiculata.
abstract: The Nematocera infraorder Culicomorpha is believed to have descended from bloodfeeding ancestors over 200 million years ago, generating bloodfeeding and non-bloodfeeding flies in two superfamilies, the Culicoidea-containing the mosquitoes, the frog-feeding midges, the Chaoboridae, and the Dixidae-and the Chironomoidea-containing the black flies, the ceratopogonids, the Chironomidae, and the Thaumaleidae. Blood feeding requires many adaptations, including development of a sophisticated salivary potion that disarms host hemostasis, the physiologic mechanism comprising platelet aggregation, vasoconstriction, and blood clotting. The composition of the sialome (from the Greek sialo = saliva) from bloodfeeding animals can be inferred from analysis of their salivary gland transcriptome. While members of the mosquitoes, black flies, and biting midges have provided sialotranscriptome descriptions, no species of the frog-biting midges has been thus analyzed. We describe in this work the sialotranscriptome of Corethrella appendiculata, revealing a complex potion of enzymes, classical nematoceran protein families involved in blood feeding, and novel protein families unique to this species of frog-feeding fly. Bacterial (Wolbachia) and novel viral sequences were also discovered.
authors: Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, 12735 Twinbrook Parkway, Rockville, MD 20852, USA. Electronic address: jribeiro@niaid.nih.gov.
authors: José M C
authors: JMC
authors: Ribeiro
authors: Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, 12735 Twinbrook Parkway, Rockville, MD 20852, USA.
authors: Andrezza C
authors: AC
authors: Chagas
authors: Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, 12735 Twinbrook Parkway, Rockville, MD 20852, USA.
authors: Van M
authors: VM
authors: Pham
authors: Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, University of Florida, 200 9th Street SE, Vero Beach, FL 32962-4657, USA.
authors: L P
authors: LP
authors: Lounibos
authors: Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, 12735 Twinbrook Parkway, Rockville, MD 20852, USA.
authors: Eric
authors: E
authors: Calvo
keywords: Corethrellidae; Culicomorpha; Evolution; Hematophagy; Medical entomology; Salivary gland