title: A new scoring method of the mini-mental status examination to screen for dementia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) is the most widely used screening instrument for dementia, it has several limitations.
  
  
  METHODS
  We developed and validated a new scoring method of the MMSE, namely the short form of the MMSE (MMSE-S).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The MMSE-S was more robust to demographic influences than the MMSE. The influence of education, in particular, was smaller in the MMSE-S compared to the MMSE (p < 0.01). The diagnostic accuracy of the MMSE-S for very mild to mild dementia was also better than that of the original MMSE (p < 0.0001). Its specificity, in particular, was higher than that of the original MMSE. In Korea, we could improve the post-test probability for dementia from 46.88 to 64.76% by employing the MMSE-S instead of the MMSE. We also provided optimal cut-off scores for dementia stratified by age, education, and gender, which may further improve the diagnostic accuracy of the MMSE-S for dementia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Due to its good accuracy and brevity, the MMSE-S may contribute to enhancing the cost-effectiveness of and accessibility to dementia screening as well as early diagnosis and treatment of dementia, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.
authors: Department of Neuropsychiatry at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
authors: Jin Yeong
authors: JY
authors: Choe
authors: Ji Won
authors: JW
authors: Han
authors: Tae Hui
authors: TH
authors: Kim
authors: Jeong Lan
authors: JL
authors: Kim
authors: Seok Woo
authors: SW
authors: Moon
authors: Joon Hyuk
authors: JH
authors: Park
authors: Shin Gyeom
authors: SG
authors: Kim
authors: Bong-Jo
authors: BJ
authors: Kim
authors: Kyung-Phil
authors: KP
authors: Kwak
authors: Seung-Ho
authors: SH
authors: Ryu
authors: Jong Chul
authors: JC
authors: Yoon
authors: Dong Young
authors: DY
authors: Lee
authors: Dong Woo
authors: DW
authors: Lee
authors: Seok Bum
authors: SB
authors: Lee
authors: Jung Jae
authors: JJ
authors: Lee
authors: Jin Hyeong
authors: JH
authors: Jhoo
authors: Ki Woong
authors: KW
authors: Kim
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003704:Dementia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D008609:Mental Status Schedule; D008875:Middle Aged; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity