title: Decreased expression of the GATA3 gene is associated with poor prognosis in primary gastric adenocarcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3) was recently proposed to function as a tumor suppressor gene in some types of human cancer. This study aims to investigate GATA3 expression and its prognostic significance in primary gastric adenocarcinoma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and immunohistochemical staining methods, GATA3 expression was analyzed in tissue samples from a consecutive series of 402 gastric adenocarcinoma patients who underwent resections between 2003 and 2006. The relationship between GATA3 expression, clinicopathological factors, and patient survival was investigated. The expression status of GATA3 was shown to be clearly reduced in the tumor tissue samples compared with that in the matched adjacent non-tumor tissue samples by RT-qPCR (P = 0.0014). Immunohistochemistry analysis indicated that GATA3 expression was significantly decreased in 225 of the 402 (56%) gastric adenocarcinoma cases. Reduced GATA3 expression was also observed in patients with large tumors (P = 0.017), signet ring cell carcinoma or mucinous carcinoma (P = 0.005) and tumors with lymphatic or venous invasion (P = 0.040). Additionally, reduced expression of GATA3 was more commonly observed in tumors that were staged as T4a/b (P<0.001), N3 (P<0.001), or M1 (P<0.001). Kaplan-Meier survival curves revealed that reduced expression of GATA3 was associated with poor prognosis in gastric adenocarcinoma patients (P<0.001). Multivariate Cox analysis identified GATA3 expression as an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (HR = 5.375, 95% CI = 3.647-7.921, P<0.001). To investigate the predictive ability of the models with and without containing GATA3 gene expression, Harrell's c-index was calculated as a measure of predictive accuracy of survival outcome. The c-index values revealed that model containing GATA3 expression (c-index = 0.897) had superior discrimination ability to the model without containg it (c-index = 0.811).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that GATA3 plays an important role in tumor progression and that reduced GATA3 expression independently predicts an unfavorable prognosis in primary gastric adenocarcinoma patients.
authors: State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China ; Department of Gastric and Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China ; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
authors: Rajiv Prasad
authors: RP
authors: Keshari
authors: State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China ; Department of Gastric and Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China ; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Wang
authors: State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China ; Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China ; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
authors: Yu
authors: Y
authors: Zhang
authors: State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China ; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
authors: Dan-dan
authors: DD
authors: Wang
authors: State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China ; Department of Gastric and Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China ; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
authors: Yuan-fang
authors: YF
authors: Li
authors: State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China ; Department of Gastric and Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China ; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
authors: Shu-qiang
authors: SQ
authors: Yuan
authors: State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China ; Department of Gastric and Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China ; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
authors: Hai-bo
authors: HB
authors: Qiu
authors: State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China ; Department of Gastric and Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China ; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
authors: Chun-yu
authors: CY
authors: Huang
authors: State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China ; Department of Gastric and Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China ; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
authors: Yong-ming
authors: YM
authors: Chen
authors: State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China ; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
authors: Jian-chuan
authors: JC
authors: Xia
authors: State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China ; Department of Gastric and Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China ; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
authors: Zhi-wei
authors: ZW
authors: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D050990:GATA3 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005743:Gastrectomy; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D052138:Genes, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D050990:GATA3 Transcription Factor; C494749:GATA3 protein, human; D012333:RNA, Messenger