title: Resistance pattern of Helicobacter pylori strains to clarithromycin, metronidazole, and amoxicillin in Isfahan, Iran.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) resistance to antibiotics has become a global problem and is an important factor in determining the outcome of treatment of infected patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the H. pylori resistance to clarithromycin, metronidazole, and amoxicillin in gastrointestinal disorders patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, a total of 260 gastric antrum biopsy specimens were collected from patients with gastrointestinal disorders who referred to Endoscopy Section of the Isfahan Hospitals. The E-test and Modified Disk Diffusion Method (MDDM) were used to verify the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in 78 H. pylori isolates to the clarithromycin, metronidazole, and amoxicillin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  H. pylori resistance to clarithromycin, metronidazole, and amoxicillin were 15.3, 55.1, and 6.4%, respectively. In this study, we had one multidrug resistance (MDR) isolates from patient with gastritis and peptic ulcer disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Information on antibiotic susceptibility profile plays an important role in empiric antibiotic treatment and management of refractive cases. According to the results obtained in this study, H. pylori resistance to clarithromycin and metronidazole was relatively high. MDR strains are emerging and will have an effect on the combination therapy.
authors: Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors: Farzad
authors: F
authors: Khademi
authors: Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors: Jamshid
authors: J
authors: Faghri
authors: Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors: Farkhondeh
authors: F
authors: Poursina
authors: Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors: Bahram Nasr
authors: BN
authors: Esfahani
authors: Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors: Sharareh
authors: S
authors: Moghim
authors: Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors: Hossein
authors: H
authors: Fazeli
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors: Peyman
authors: P
authors: Adibi
authors: Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon Branch, Tonekabon, Iran.
authors: Nasrin
authors: N
authors: Mirzaei
authors: Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors: Mojtaba
authors: M
authors: Akbari
authors: Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors: Hajieh Ghasemian
authors: HG
authors: Safaei
keywords: Amoxicillin; Helicobacter pylori; clarithromycin; metronidazole