title: Pesticides exposure as etiological factors of Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases--a mechanistic approach.
abstract: The etiology of most neurodegenerative disorders is multifactorial and consists of an interaction between environmental factors and genetic predisposition. The role of pesticide exposure in neurodegenerative disease has long been suspected, but the specific causative agents and the mechanisms underlying are not fully understood. For the main neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis there are evidences linking their etiology with long-term/low-dose exposure to pesticides such as paraquat, maneb, dieldrin, pyrethroids and organophosphates. Most of these pesticides share common features, namely the ability to induce oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, α-synuclein fibrillization and neuronal cell loss. This review aims to clarify the role of pesticides as environmental risk factors in genesis of idiopathic PD and other neurological syndromes. For this purpose, the most relevant epidemiological and experimental data is highlighted in order to discuss the molecular mechanisms involved in neurodegeneration.
authors: REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; IINFACTS - Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, Department of Sciences, Advanced Institute of Health Sciences-North (ISCS-N), CESPU, CRL, Gandra, Portugal. Electronic address: mteresabaltazar@gmail.com.
authors: Maria Teresa
authors: MT
authors: Baltazar
authors: REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; IINFACTS - Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, Department of Sciences, Advanced Institute of Health Sciences-North (ISCS-N), CESPU, CRL, Gandra, Portugal; Department of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Forensic Sciences Center - CENCIFOR, Portugal.
authors: Ricardo Jorge
authors: RJ
authors: Dinis-Oliveira
authors: REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: de Lourdes Bastos
authors: Toxicology Department, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
authors: Aristidis M
authors: AM
authors: Tsatsakis
authors: CIAFEL, Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors: José Alberto
authors: JA
authors: Duarte
authors: REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. Electronic address: felixdc@ff.up.pt.
authors: Félix
authors: F
authors: Carvalho
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D004026:Dieldrin / Q000633:toxicity; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D006801:Humans; D008344:Maneb / Q000633:toxicity; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D010755:Organophosphates / Q000633:toxicity; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010269:Paraquat / Q000633:toxicity; D010302:Parkinson Disease, Secondary / Q000139:chemically induced*; D010575:Pesticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D061988:Proteasome Inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D010755:Organophosphates; D010575:Pesticides; D061988:Proteasome Inhibitors; D011722:Pyrethrins; D008344:Maneb; D004026:Dieldrin; D010269:Paraquat
keywords: Alzheimer's disease; Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Neurodegenerative diseases; Paraquat; Parkinson's disease; Pesticides