title: Clinical, radiographic, and histological analyses of calcium phosphate cement as filling material in maxillary sinus lift surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The installation of dental implants in the posterior maxilla is often faced with resorbed alveolar processes, resulting from a combination of pneumatization of the maxillary sinus, the effects of periodontal disease, and physiological bone resorption. The sinus lift surgery has been practiced since 1980 with the aim to increase bone height in this region for an implant supported prosthetic rehabilitation, and various filling materials have been used for such.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to clinically, radiographically, and histologically evaluate a preparation of calcium phosphate cement (Bone Source(®), BS) used as filling material in maxillary sinus elevation surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten patients were operated requiring maxillary sinus graft for future placement of osseointegrated implants. After a period ranging from 9 to 16 months, a clinical evaluation and biopsy of the grafted area in the region adjacent to the axis of the implant to be inserted were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clinically and radiographically, no evidence of resorption/substitution of BS was noticed. Although no patients have had postoperative complications and the material presented fully biocompatible characteristics with woven bone in intimate contact with BS, it was not possible to place any implants due to minimal bone formation and friability of the material.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It was concluded that despite the osteoconductive capacity of BS, this conventional calcium phosphate preparation does not support sufficient amount of new bone formation that could allow its use as filling material for maxillary sinus floor lift and subsequent dental implant placement.
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP) - Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Alexander T
authors: AT
authors: Sverzut
authors: Danillo C
authors: DC
authors: Rodrigues
authors: Andrezza
authors: A
authors: Lauria
authors: Rogério S
authors: RS
authors: Armando
authors: Paulo T
authors: PT
authors: de Oliveira
authors: Roger W F
authors: RW
authors: Moreira
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000540:Alveolar Ridge Augmentation / Q000379:methods*; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001843:Bone Cements / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla / Q000601:surgery; D008443:Maxillary Sinus / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology*; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D059546:Sinus Floor Augmentation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001843:Bone Cements; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D003738:Dental Cements
keywords: biomaterials; bone substitutes; sinus lift surgery