title: Antihyperglycemic, hypolipidemic, hepatoprotective and antioxidative effects of dietary clove (Szyzgium aromaticum) bud powder in a high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetes rat model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & Perry (clove) bud is an important spice used in the preparation of several delicacies and in folklore for diabetes management. The present study was convened to assess the effects of dietary clove bud powder (CBP) on biochemical parameters in a type 2 diabetes rat model, induced by a combination of high-fat diet and low-dose streptozotocin (35 mg kg⁻¹) for 30 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Diabetic rats were placed on dietary regimen containing 20-40 g kg⁻¹ clove bud powder. The results revealed that there was no significant (P > 0.05) difference in the average feed intake and weight changes between the rat groups. Furthermore, supplementation with CBP gradually reduced blood glucose level in diabetic rat compared to control diabetic rats without CBP supplementation (DBC). Moreover, reduced activity of α-glucosidase was observed in CBP and metformin-treated rat groups when compared to that of the DBC rat group. In addition, the DBC group had significantly (P < 0.05) higher lipid concentrations (except for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) when compared to all other groups. Furthermore, CBP had significantly (P < 0.05) reduced activity of liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase) and showed elevated levels of antioxidant status (glutathione, ascorbic acid, superoxide dismutase and catalase).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that the clove bud diet may attenuate hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress in the type 2 diabetic condition.
authors: Functional foods and Nutraceuticals, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.
authors: Stephen A
authors: SA
authors: Adefegha
authors: Ganiyu
authors: G
authors: Oboh
authors: Omowunmi M
authors: OM
authors: Adefegha
authors: Aline A
authors: AA
authors: Boligon
authors: Margareth L
authors: ML
authors: Athayde
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000009:adverse effects; D020834:Ethnopharmacology; D035264:Flowers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008082:Lipotropic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D016488:Medicine, African Traditional; D009549:Nigeria; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D008517:Phytotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011897:Random Allocation; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D027842:Syzygium / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D008082:Lipotropic Agents; D028321:Plant Preparations
keywords: clove bud powder; high-fat diet; streptozotocin; type 2 diabetes