title: Spatial reorganization of putaminal dopamine D2-like receptors in cranial and hand dystonia.
abstract: The putamen has a somatotopic organization of neurons identified by correspondence of firing rates with selected body part movements, as well as by complex, but organized, differential cortical projections onto putamen. In isolated focal dystonia, whole putaminal binding of dopamine D2-like receptor radioligands is quantitatively decreased, but it has not been known whether selected parts of the putamen are differentially affected depending upon the body part affected by dystonia. The radioligand [(18)F]spiperone binds predominantly to D2-like receptors in striatum. We hypothesized that the spatial location of [(18)F]spiperone binding within the putamen would differ in patients with dystonia limited to the hand versus the face, and we tested that hypothesis using positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. To address statistical and methodological concerns, we chose a straightforward but robust image analysis method. An automated algorithm located the peak location of [(18)F]spiperone binding within the striatum, relative to a brain atlas, in each of 14 patients with cranial dystonia and 8 patients with hand dystonia. The mean (left and right) |x|, y, and z coordinates of peak striatal binding for each patient were compared between groups by t test. The location of peak [(18)F]spiperone binding within the putamen differed significantly between groups (cranial dystonia z<hand dystonia z, p = 0.016). We conclude that in isolated focal dystonia, dopamine D2-like receptors are distributed differently in the putamen depending on the body part manifesting dystonia.
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America ; Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America ; Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America ; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America.
authors: Kevin J
authors: KJ
authors: Black
authors: Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America ; Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America.
authors: Abraham Z
authors: AZ
authors: Snyder
authors: Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America ; Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America ; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America ; Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America.
authors: Jonathan W
authors: JW
authors: Mink
authors: Pediatrix Medical Group, Sunrise, Florida, United States of America.
authors: Veeral N
authors: VN
authors: Tolia
authors: Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America.
authors: Fredy J
authors: FJ
authors: Revilla
authors: Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America.
authors: Stephen M
authors: SM
authors: Moerlein
authors: Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America ; Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America ; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America ; Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America.
authors: Joel S
authors: JS
authors: Perlmutter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004421:Dystonia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes; D006225:Hand / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D011699:Putamen / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D012886:Skull / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D013134:Spiperone
chemical_list: D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; D013134:Spiperone