title: Salmonellae PhoPQ regulation of the outer membrane to resist innate immunity.
abstract: Salmonellae sense host cues to regulate properties important for bacterial survival and replication within host tissues. The PhoPQ two-component regulatory system senses phagosome acidification and cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMP) to regulate the protein and lipid contents of the bacterial envelope that comprises an inner and outer membrane. PhoPQ-regulated lipid components of the outer membrane include lipopolysaccharides and glycerophospholipids. Envelope proteins regulated by PhoPQ, include: components of virulence associated secretion systems, the flagellar apparatus, membrane transport systems, and proteins that are likely structural components of the outer membrane. PhoPQ alteration of the bacterial surface results in increased bacterial resistance to CAMP and decreased detection by the innate immune system. This review details the molecular complexity of the bacterial cell envelope and highlights the outer membrane lipid bilayer as an environmentally regulated bacterial organelle.
authors: Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.
authors: Zachary D
authors: ZD
authors: Dalebroux
authors: Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States. Electronic address: millersi@uw.edu.
authors: Samuel I
authors: SI
authors: Miller
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D051379:Mice; D012475:Salmonella / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; C079792:PhoQ protein, Bacteria; C061064:PhoP protein, Bacteria