title: The impact of exogenous ω-6 and ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the induced production of pro- and anti-inflammatory prostaglandins and leukotrienes in Atlantic salmon head kidney cells using a full factorial design and LC-MS/MS.
abstract: The production of prostaglandins (PGE2, PGE3) and leukotrienes (LTB4, LTB5) in salmon head kidney cell cultures, exposed to different combinations of 20:4ω-6, 20:5ω-3 and 22:6ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), was evaluated by means of a two level factorial design and LC-MS/MS. The method was selective for the pro- and anti-inflammatory analytes and their corresponding stable-isotope labelled internal standards. The regression models were linear over the concentration range 0.5-150 ng/ml with limits of detection of 0.25 ng/ml and quantification of 0.40 ng/ml for the analysed metabolites. The recovery ranged from 78 to 107% for prostaglandins and 73 to 115% for leukotrienes. The analysis of the samples exposed to different combinations of PUFAs revealed that the presence of single ω-3 PUFAs brought an enhancement of the metabolites from the lipooxygenase pathway, specially LTB4, and a reduction of the metabolites from the cyclooxygenase pathway (PGE2 and PGE3), while the two-term interactions generated the opposite effect (high concentration of prostaglandins and low concentrations of leukotrienes). To our knowledge, this is the first implementation of a fully crossed design for investigating the impact of ω-6 and ω-3 PUFAs on the production of eicosanoids not only through their individual but also through their combined effects on Atlantic salmon head kidney cells.
authors: National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), PO Box 2029 Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. Electronic address: pedro.araujo@nifes.no.
authors: Pedro
authors: P
authors: Araujo
authors: National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), PO Box 2029 Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway; Centro de Biofísica y Bioquímica, Laboratorio de Fisiología Celular, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas, Venezuela.
authors: Eva
authors: E
authors: Lucena
authors: National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), PO Box 2029 Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway; Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, PO Box 7803, N-5020 Bergen, Norway.
authors: Yang
authors: Y
authors: Yang
authors: National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), PO Box 2029 Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway.
authors: Bupesh
authors: B
authors: Ceemala
authors: National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), PO Box 2029 Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway; Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, PO Box 7803, N-5020 Bergen, Norway; Department of Industrial Chemistry, Bahir Dar University, PO Box 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
authors: Zebasil
authors: Z
authors: Mengesha
authors: National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), PO Box 2029 Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway.
authors: Elisabeth
authors: E
authors: Holen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D060226:Head Kidney / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D015289:Leukotrienes / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D011453:Prostaglandins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D020317:Salmo salar / Q000378:metabolism*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6; D015289:Leukotrienes; D011453:Prostaglandins
keywords: Eicosanoids; Experimental design; Leukotrienes; Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Polyunsaturated fatty acids; Prostaglandins; Salmon head kidney cell cultures