title: Gastroprotective effect of Cochinchina momordica seed extract in nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced acute gastric damage in a rat model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The major compounds of Cochinchina momordica seed extract (SK-MS10) include momordica saponins. We report that the gastroprotective effect of SK-MS10 in an ethanol-induced gastric damage rat model is mediated by suppressing proinflammatory cytokines and downregulating cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), and the activation of calcitonin gene-related peptide. In this study, we evaluated the gastroprotective effects of SK-MS10 in the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced gastric damage rat model.
  
  
  METHODS
  The pretreatment effect of SK-MS10 was evaluated in the NSAID-induced gastric damage rat model using aspirin, indomethacin, and diclofenac in 7-week-old rats. Gastric damage was evaluated based on the gross ulcer index by gastroenterologists, and the damage area (%) was measured using the MetaMorph 7.0 video image analysis system. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and Western blotting was used to analyze the levels of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1, COX-2, cPLA2, and 5-LOX.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All NSAIDs induced gastric damage based on the gross ulcer index and damage area (p<0.05). Gastric damage was significantly attenuated by SK-MS10 pretreatment compared with NSAID treatment alone (p<0.05). The SK-MS10 pretreatment group exhibited lower MPO levels than the diclofenac group. The expression of cPLA2 and 5-LOX was decreased by SK-MS10 pretreatment in each of the three NSAID treatment groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SK-MS10 exhibited a gastroprotective effect against NSAID-induced acute gastric damage in rats. However, its protective mechanism may be different across the three types of NSAID-induced gastric damage models in rats.
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea.
authors: Ji Hwan
authors: JH
authors: Lim
authors: Life Science R&D Center, SK Chemicals, Suwon, Korea.
authors: Joo-Hyun
authors: JH
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea. ; Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Nayoung
authors: N
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea.
authors: Byoung Hwan
authors: BH
authors: Lee
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea.
authors: Pyoung Ju
authors: PJ
authors: Seo
authors: Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Jung Mook
authors: JM
authors: Kang
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea.
authors: So Young
authors: SY
authors: Jo
authors: Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Ji Hyun
authors: JH
authors: Park
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea.
authors: Ryoung Hee
authors: RH
authors: Nam
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea.
authors: Hyun
authors: H
authors: Chang
authors: Kyungpook National University College of Pharmacy, Daegu, Korea.
authors: Jin-Won
authors: JW
authors: Kwon
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea. ; Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Dong Ho
authors: DH
authors: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects; D001094:Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase / Q000187:drug effects; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide / Q000187:drug effects; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1 / Q000187:drug effects; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D054513:Group IV Phospholipases A2 / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D029775:Momordica / Q000737:chemistry*; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D013276:Stomach Ulcer / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D010936:Plant Extracts; D009195:Peroxidase; D001094:Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D054513:Group IV Phospholipases A2; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide
keywords: Anti-inflammatory agents, non-steroidal; Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase; Cochinchina momordica; Gastroprotection; Phospholipases A2, cytosolic