title: Design of genipin-crosslinked microgels from concanavalin A and glucosyloxyethyl acrylated chitosan for glucose-responsive insulin delivery.
abstract: Glucose-responsive systems are significant for self-regulated insulin delivery. The aim of this study was to assess the potential of genipin-crosslinked concanavalin A/GEA-chitosan microgels as a glucose-responsive insulin delivery system. A chitosan derivative (GEA-chitosan) was designed in this study as the polymer ligand of concanavalin A (Con A), which not only exhibits a strong affinity to Con A, but also could be directly crosslinked with Con A by genipin, thus avoiding the modification of Con A during an immobilization process. Glucose responsive microgels were fabricated by the reversed-phase emulsion crosslinking method. The in vitro release of insulin indicated that the insulin release was influenced by glucose concentrations, and a desired pulsatile release behavior was detected in response to stepwise glucose challenges for more than eight cycles. The release data were fitted well to an exponential model, without any significant influence of the surface effect. The released insulin was proved to remain active without destruction of the tertiary structure. The analysis of L929 cells viability suggested that these microgels possessed no in vitro cytotoxicity. The obtained genipin crosslinked Con A/GEA-chitosan microgels might be a potential candidate for self-regulated insulin delivery.
authors: Complex and Intelligent Research Center, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China.
authors: Ruixue
authors: R
authors: Yin
authors: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China. Electronic address: wangkm61@gmail.com.
authors: Kemin
authors: K
authors: Wang
authors: State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China.
authors: Shuang
authors: S
authors: Du
authors: State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China.
authors: Lu
authors: L
authors: Chen
authors: State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China. Electronic address: niejun@mail.buct.edu.cn.
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Nie
authors: Complex and Intelligent Research Center, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China; Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Canada.
authors: Wenjun
authors: W
authors: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival; D048271:Chitosan / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D003208:Concanavalin A / Q000737:chemistry*; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000737:chemistry; D005782:Gels / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D005947:Glucose / Q000737:chemistry*; D007328:Insulin / Q000737:chemistry*; D039823:Iridoids / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice
chemical_list: D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D005782:Gels; D007328:Insulin; D039823:Iridoids; D003208:Concanavalin A; D048271:Chitosan; C007834:genipin; D005947:Glucose
keywords: Chitosan derivative; Concanavalin A; Glucose-responsive; Insulin delivery; Microgel