title: Genetic diversity of sapovirus in non-hospitalized adults with sporadic cases of acute gastroenteritis in Shanghai, China.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sapovirus has been accepted as a major cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. It can affect all age groups, ranging from young adults to the elderly, while little is known about the epidemiological patterns and genetic characteristics of sapovirus infections in China.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the prevalence of sapovirus infections among adult outpatients suffering from acute gastroenteritis in Shanghai, China.
  
  
  METHODS
  From April 2011 to March 2013, fecal specimens from 1125 adult outpatients (≥16 years of age) with acute gastroenteritis were collected. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was employed for detection of sapovirus, and 5' end of capsid gene were sequenced for genotyping and phylogenetic analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall occurrence of sapovirus infection in adult outpatients was 3.73% (42 in 1125) through the two-year surveillance period, and sapovirus diarrhea is more common in spring and winter. The highest sapovirus positive rate was observed in adults of ≥56 years old, and statistically significant relationship was observed when compared with other age groups (p<0.05). Only three genotypes were detected, whereas GI.2 was proved to be the predominant strain, occupying 78.57% (33 in 42) of all strains, followed by GIV, GI.1 and GII.3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sapovirus was commonly found in adults with acute gastroenteritis in Shanghai, China, while no specific seasonal variation of sapovirus diarrhea could be distinguished. GI.2 strains established themselves in a short time span as the predominant genotype in Shanghai, China.
authors: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai 201508, China.
authors: Gang
authors: G
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai 201508, China.
authors: Zhen
authors: Z
authors: Shen
authors: Department of Infectious Disease, Shanghai Changning Center Hospital, Shanghai 200336, China.
authors: Fangxing
authors: F
authors: Qian
authors: Department of Infectious Disease, Shanghai Dongfang Hospital, Shanghai 200120, China.
authors: Yang
authors: Y
authors: Li
authors: Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China.
authors: Zhenghong
authors: Z
authors: Yuan
authors: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai 201508, China. Electronic address: zhangjun@shaphc.org.
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017250:Caliciviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D005243:Feces / Q000821:virology; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010045:Outpatients; D015995:Prevalence; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D029341:Sapovirus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017385:Sequence Homology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D036022:Capsid Proteins; D012367:RNA, Viral
keywords: Adults; Genetic diversity; Sapovirus; Shanghai