title: The relationship between higher-order aberrations and amblyopia treatment in hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relationship between higher-order aberrations (HOAs) and amblyopia treatment in children with hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical records of hyperopic amblyopia patients with both spherical anisometropia of 1.00 diopter (D) or more and astigmatic anisometropia of less than 1.00 D were reviewed retrospectively. Based on the results of the amblyopia treatment, patients were divided into two groups: treatment successes and failures. Using the degree of spherical anisometropia, subjects were categorized into mild, moderate, or severe groups. Ocular, corneal, and internal HOAs were measured using a KR-1W aberrometer at the initial visit, and at 3-month, 6-month, and 12-month follow-ups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of the 45 (21 males and 24 females) hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia patients who completed the 12-month follow-up examinations were analyzed. The mean patient age at the initial visit was 70.3 months. In total, 28 patients (62.2%) had successful amblyopia treatments and 17 patients (37.8%) failed treatment after 12 months. Among the patient population, 24 (53.3%) had mild hyperopic anisometropia and 21 (46.7%) had moderate hyperopic anisometropia. When comparing the two groups (i.e., the success and failure groups), ocular spherical aberrations and internal spherical aberrations in the amblyopic eyes were significantly higher in the failure group at every follow-up point. There were no significant differences in any of the HOAs between mild and moderate cases of hyperopic anisometropia at any follow-up. When the amblyopic and fellow eyes were compared between the groups there were no significant differences in any of the HOAs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HOAs, particularly ocular spherical aberrations and internal spherical aberrations, should be considered as reasons for failed amblyopia treatment.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea.
authors: Soo Han
authors: SH
authors: Lee
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea.
authors: Ji Woong
authors: JW
authors: Chang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000550:Amblyopia / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D015858:Anisometropia / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D003315:Cornea / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005139:Eyeglasses; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006956:Hyperopia / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012029:Refraction, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014792:Visual Acuity
keywords: Amblyopia; Anisometropia; Higher order aberration; Hyperopia; Spherical aberration