title: Development of a knowledge, skills, and attitudes framework for training in laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The implementation of duty-hour restrictions and a heightened awareness of patient safety has changed resident education and training. A new focus has been placed on high-yield training programs and simulation training has naturally grown to fill this need.
  
  
  METHODS
  This article discusses the development of a training framework, knowledge, skills, and attitudes, and the design of a surgical simulation curriculum. Five residents were recruited for a pilot study of the curriculum.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A successful framework for curriculum development was implemented using laparoscopic cholecystectomy as the example. The curriculum consisted of classroom and virtual reality simulation training and was completed in 3.1 to 4.8 hours.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current curricula that have been developed for surgical education cover the breadth of a surgical residency well. This curriculum went beyond these curricula and developed a structured framework for surgical training, a method that can be applied to any procedure.
authors: Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, QEQM Building, Praed Street, London W2 1NY, UK. Electronic address: ilianaj@stanford.edu.
authors: Iliana
authors: I
authors: Harrysson
authors: Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, QEQM Building, Praed Street, London W2 1NY, UK.
authors: Louise
authors: L
authors: Hull
authors: Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, QEQM Building, Praed Street, London W2 1NY, UK.
authors: Nick
authors: N
authors: Sevdalis
authors: Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, QEQM Building, Praed Street, London W2 1NY, UK.
authors: Ara
authors: A
authors: Darzi
authors: Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, QEQM Building, Praed Street, London W2 1NY, UK.
authors: Rajesh
authors: R
authors: Aggarwal
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000193:education*; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003479:Curriculum; D013502:General Surgery / Q000193:education*; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency / Q000379:methods*; D008131:London; D017145:Models, Educational; D010348:Patient Care Team; D010865:Pilot Projects; D014584:User-Computer Interface
keywords: Attitudes; Knowledge skills and attitudes; Simulation; Surgical education; Technical skills