title: Hexachloronorbornene-based flame retardants in humans: levels in maternal serum and milk.
abstract: Five hexachloronorbornene-based flame retardants, Dechlorane Plus (DP), Dechlorane 602 (Dec 602), Dechlorane 603 (Dec 603), Dechlorane 604 (Dec 604) and hexachlorocyclopentadienyl-dibromocyclooctane (HCDBCO), were measured in human milk and maternal serum. Dec 602, Dec 603 and HCDBCO were detected in both sample matrices with detection frequencies over 60%. Dec 604 was not detected in serum and only detected in 4.8% of milk samples. DP was present in over 77-87% of serum and 40-50% of milk samples. DP levels found in this study were lower than those reported in two Chinese studies. The ratio of the two DP isomers found in human samples (f(anti-DP) = 0.8) remained similar to the ratio reported in the DP technical mixture. Levels of Dec 602 and Dec 603 in serum were correlated. Levels of Dec 602 and HCBDCO were also correlated in serum samples as well as in milk samples. These biomonitoring results have provided baseline information about the presence of these flame retardants in nursing women in Canada, which can be used for estimating human exposure to these chemicals.
authors: Exposure and Biomonitoring Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
authors: Simon Ningsun
authors: SN
authors: Zhou
authors: Exposure and Biomonitoring Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
authors: Shabana
authors: S
authors: Siddique
authors: Département de Pédiatrie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.
authors: Laetiscia
authors: L
authors: Lavoie
authors: Département de Pédiatrie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.
authors: Larissa
authors: L
authors: Takser
authors: Département de Pédiatrie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.
authors: Nadia
authors: N
authors: Abdelouahab
authors: Exposure and Biomonitoring Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Electronic address: jiping.zhu@hc-sc.gc.ca.
authors: Jiping
authors: J
authors: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002170:Canada; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005411:Flame Retardants / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D005411:Flame Retardants
keywords: Flame retardants; GC/MS; Human data; Milk and serum