title: Conventional ultrasound for lymph node evaluation, update 2013.
abstract: Conventional ultrasound is regarded as the first method of choice to evaluate lymph node disease due to its high resolution. The combination of various features obtained from the patients history including age, acute or chronic onset, symptoms, and a knowledge of underlying systemic diseases as well as imaging criteria, most importantly B-mode (gray-scale) and colour Doppler imaging (CDI) are the basis for the differential diagnosis of lymphadenopathy. New ultrasound techniques such as elastography and contrast-enhanced ultrasound may provide further information. In addition, ultrasound evaluation of lymph nodes is an essential adjunct to the clinical investigation in staging of malignant neoplasia and lymphoma. In this paper the current literature is reviewed regarding conventional B-mode and Doppler ultrasound for the evaluation of lymphadenopathy. The ultrasound criteria for the differential diagnosis of enlarged and structurally altered lymph nodes are summarized and also limitations are described.
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Caritas-Krankenhaus, Bad Mergentheim, Academic Teaching Hospital of the University of Würzburg, Bad Mergentheim, Germany.
authors: X W
authors: XW
authors: Cui
authors: Department of Internal Medicine 2, Hospital Meiningen, Meiningen, Germany.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Hocke
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Krankenhaus Märkisch Oderland, Strausberg/Wriezen, Germany.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Jenssen
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Caritas-Krankenhaus, Bad Mergentheim, Academic Teaching Hospital of the University of Würzburg, Bad Mergentheim, Germany.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Ignee
authors: Department (Hematology and Oncology), Universitätsklinik Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Klein
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Caritas-Krankenhaus, Bad Mergentheim, Academic Teaching Hospital of the University of Würzburg, Bad Mergentheim, Germany.
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Schreiber-Dietrich
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Caritas-Krankenhaus, Bad Mergentheim, Academic Teaching Hospital of the University of Würzburg, Bad Mergentheim, Germany.
authors: C F
authors: CF
authors: Dietrich
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008206:Lymphatic Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods*