title: Effect of surface treatment on the bond strength between yttria partially stabilized zirconia ceramics and resin cement.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  No consensus has been reached on the best bonding protocol between a zirconia ceramic surface and the tooth structure.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the extrusion shear strength between yttria partially stabilized zirconia ceramics and resin cement (Panavia F) after different surface treatments.
  
  
  METHODS
  The surface treatments evaluated (n=7) included the following: G1-control group (no surface treatment); G2-treated with MDP primer (Alloy Primer); G3-treated with 40% hydrofluoric acid (210 seconds); and G4-treated with 40% hydrofluoric acid (210 seconds) followed by MDP primer. The specimens were bonded to 2.5-mm-thick disks of bovine root dentin, and the extrusion shear tests were performed after they had been stored for 24 hours in distilled water at 37°C. The surface modifications were assessed on 2 specimens that were selected from each group by scanning electron microscopy. Data were analyzed with 1-way ANOVA and the Tukey-Kramer honestly significant difference test (α=.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  G4 (mean 2.84, standard deviation [SD] 0.43 MPa) presented significantly higher (P<.001) extrusion shear strength when compared with the other groups in the study (G1: mean, 1.57; SD 0.28 MPa; G2: mean 1.46, SD 0.28 MPa; G4: mean 1.16, SD 0.41 MPa). No significant differences were found among the other groups in the study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Yttria partially stabilized zirconia ceramics can be treated with 40% hydrofluoric acid for 210 seconds to increase the bond strength with the resin cement.
authors: Postdoctoral Research Associate, Biomaterials Group, Institute of Chemistry, State University of São Paulo, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Luiz R
authors: LR
authors: Menani
authors: Graduate student, Biomaterials Group, Institute of Chemistry, State University of São Paulo, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Ian A G K M
authors: IA
authors: Farhat
authors: Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics (MOT), School of Dentistry, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Electronic address: rtiossi@yahoo.com.
authors: Rodrigo
authors: R
authors: Tiossi
authors: Professor, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, University of São Paulo-Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Ricardo F
authors: RF
authors: Ribeiro
authors: Professor, Biomaterials Group, Institute of Chemistry, State University of São Paulo, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Antonio C
authors: AC
authors: Guastaldi
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation; D003804:Dentin / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006858:Hydrofluoric Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D033081:Shear Strength; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013696:Temperature; D013871:Thiones / Q000737:chemistry; D013997:Time Factors; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D015019:Yttrium / Q000737:chemistry*; D015040:Zirconium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: C521707:Alloy Primer; D003764:Dental Materials; D008689:Methacrylates; C438843:Panavia-Fluoro; D019279:Resin Cements; D013871:Thiones; C499362:yttria stabilized tetragonal zirconia; D014867:Water; D015019:Yttrium; C069749:methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate; D015040:Zirconium; D006858:Hydrofluoric Acid