title: Body weight, weight gain and hyperglycaemia are associated with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in women with gestational diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to measure the capacity of glucose- and weight-related parameters to predict pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorders in women with gestational diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  An observational study was conducted involving 2037 women with gestational diabetes. The associations of glycaemic and weight-related parameters with pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorders were obtained by univariate and adjusted multivariate analyses. Also, model predictability and attributable predictor risk percentages were calculated, and collinearity and factor interactions examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multivariate analyses revealed that hypertensive disorders were mainly predicted by average third-trimester glycated haemoglobin (HbA(1c)) levels ≥ 5.9%, by being overweight or obese before pregnancy and by excess gestational weight gain after adjusting for age, tobacco use, chronic hypertension, parity, urinary tract infections and gestational age at delivery. Prepregnancy body weight (overweight and obesity) had the strongest impact on pregnancy-related hypertensive disorders (attributable risk percentages were 51.5% and 88.8%, respectively). The effect of being overweight or obese on hypertensive disorders was enhanced by HbA(1c) levels and gestational weight gain, with elevated HbA(1c) levels multiplying the effect of being overweight before pregnancy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The average third-trimester HbA1c level is a novel risk factor for pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorders in women with gestational diabetes. HbA(1c) levels ≥ 5.9%, prepregnancy overweight or obesity and excess gestational weight gain are all independent risk factors of pregnancy-related hypertensive disorders in such women. In treated gestational diabetes patients, the strongest influence on hypertensive disorders is prepregnancy obesity.
authors: Unidad de Diabetes, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: beatriz.barquiel@gmail.com.
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Barquiel
authors: Unidad de Diabetes, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain.
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Herranz
authors: Servicio de Bioquímica, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Grande
authors: Unidad de Diabetes, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain.
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Castro-Dufourny
authors: Unidad de Diabetes, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Llaro
authors: Unidad de Diabetes, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain.
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Parra
authors: Servicio de Ginecología y Obstetricia, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain.
authors: M A
authors: MA
authors: Burgos
authors: Unidad de Diabetes, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain.
authors: L F
authors: LF
authors: Pallardo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D046110:Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D050177:Overweight / Q000503:physiopathology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013030:Spain; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human
keywords: Gestational diabetes; Obesity; Preeclampsia; Pregnancy-induced hypertension; Weight gain