title: Specific carotenoid intake is inversely associated with the risk of breast cancer among Chinese women.
abstract: The protective effect of dietary carotenoid intake on the risk of breast cancer is inconclusive. Moreover, data on dietary carotenoids in relation to breast cancer in non-Western populations are scarce. The aim of the present study was to examine the association between dietary carotenoid intake and the risk of breast cancer among Chinese women. A total of 561 cases and 561 controls who were frequency matched by age (5-year interval) and residence were recruited in the present case-control study. Dietary intake information was collected by a face-to-face interview using a validated FFQ. The OR and 95 % CI were assessed by multivariate logistic regression after adjusting for various potential confounders. An inverse association was observed between the consumption of α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin and lutein/zeaxanthin and the risk of breast cancer. The multivariate-adjusted OR for the highest quartile of intake compared with the lowest quartile of intake were 0·61 (95 % CI 0·43, 0·88) for α-carotene, 0·54 (95 % CI 0·38, 0·78) for β-carotene, 0·38 (95 % CI 0·26, 0·52) for β-cryptoxanthin and 0·49 (95 % CI 0·34, 0·71) for lutein/zeaxanthin. Lycopene intake was not found to be associated with the risk of breast cancer, with the adjusted OR of 0·89 (95 % CI 0·61, 1·30). These inverse associations were more evident among pre-menopausal women and women who were exposed to second-hand smoke. The protective effect of specific carotenoid intake was observed for all subtypes of hormone receptor status of breast cancer. The present study indicated that a greater intake of specific carotenoids was associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer among Chinese women residing in Guangdong.
authors: Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China.
authors: Lian
authors: L
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China.
authors: Bin
authors: B
authors: Li
authors: Department of Clinical Nutrition, Guangdong General Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors: Mei-Xia
authors: MX
authors: Pan
authors: Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors: Xiong-Fei
authors: XF
authors: Mo
authors: Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China.
authors: Yu-Ming
authors: YM
authors: Chen
authors: Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China.
authors: Cai-Xia
authors: CX
authors: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D065366:Cryptoxanthins; D004032:Diet / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D006769:Hospitals, General; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D014975:Lutein / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D012306:Risk; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects; D024341:Xanthophylls / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D065146:Zeaxanthins; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D065366:Cryptoxanthins; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D024341:Xanthophylls; D065146:Zeaxanthins; D019207:beta Carotene; D002338:Carotenoids; C041635:alpha-carotene; D014975:Lutein