title: The state of ophthalmology medical student education in the United States and Canada, 2012 through 2013.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize the state of ophthalmology medical student education in the United States and Canada.
  
  
  METHODS
  Survey of United States and Canadian medical schools.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred thirty-five Association of University Professors of Ophthalmology (AUPO) member institutions were surveyed, along with 30 osteopathic medical schools in the United States and 40 non-AUPO-affiliated allopathic medical schools in the United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  A survey characterizing preclinical, clinical, and extracurricular exposures to ophthalmology was used.
  
  
  METHODS
  Response rate, presence of, and types of preclinical and clinical exposures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Response rates to the survey were lower from non-AUPO institutions. Preclinical exposures largely consisted of basic lectures and examination skills, and most responding institutions had some sort of required preclinical ophthalmology experience. Clinical exposures were more variable, with an overall rate of required clinical rotations diminishing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There continues to be a gradual erosion of the role of ophthalmic medical education in the standard medical school curriculum. Clearly, there is room for improvement across all types of medical educational institutions.
authors: Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon.
authors: Manjool
authors: M
authors: Shah
authors: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Knoch
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Electronic address: waxmane@upmc.edu.
authors: Evan
authors: E
authors: Waxman
mesh_terms: D002170:Canada; D003479:Curriculum / Q000592:standards*; D004504:Education, Medical, Undergraduate / Q000592:standards*; D004521:Educational Measurement; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009885:Ophthalmology / Q000193:education*; D010021:Osteopathic Medicine / Q000193:education; D012577:Schools, Medical / Q000592:standards*; D013337:Students, Medical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States