title: Metabolic treatment of cancer: intermediate results of a prospective case series.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The combination of hydroxycitrate and lipoic acid has been demonstrated by several laboratories to be effective in reducing murine cancer growth.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients had failed standard chemotherapy and were offered only palliative care by their referring oncologist. Karnofsky status was between 50 and 80. Life expectancy was estimated to be between 2 and 6 months. Ten consecutive patients with chemoresistant advanced metastatic cancer were offered compassionate metabolic treatment. They were treated with a combination of lipoic acid at 600 mg i.v. (Thioctacid), hydroxycitrate at 500 mg t.i.d. (Solgar) and low-dose naltrexone at 5 mg (Revia) at bedtime. Primary sites were lung carcinoma (n=2), colonic carcinoma (n=2), ovarian carcinoma (n=1), esophageal carcinoma (n=1), uterine sarcoma (n=1), cholangiocarcinoma (n=1), parotid carcinoma (n=1) and unknown primary (n=1). The patients had been heavily pre-treated. One patient had received four lines of chemotherapy, four patients three lines, four patients two lines and one patient had received radiation therapy and chemotherapy. An eleventh patient with advanced prostate cancer resistant to hormonotherapy treated with hydroxycitrate, lipoic acid and anti-androgen is also reported.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One patient was unable to receive i.v. lipoic acid and was switched to oral lipoic acid (Tiobec). Toxicity was limited to transient nausea and vomiting. Two patients died of progressive disease within two months. Two other patients had to be switched to conventional chemotherapy combined with metabolic treatment, one of when had a subsequent dramatic tumor response. Disease in the other patients was either stable or very slowly progressive. The patient with hormone-resistant prostate cancer had a dramatic fall in Prostate-Specific Antigen (90%), which is still decreasing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These very primary results suggest the lack of toxicity and the probable efficacy of metabolic treatment in chemoresistant advanced carcinoma. It is also probable that metabolic treatment enhances the efficacy of cytotoxic chemotherapy. These results are in line with published animal data. A randomized clinical trial is warranted.
authors: Ecole Polytechnique Laboratoire LIX, 91128 Palaiseau, France. laurent.schwartz@polytechnique.edu.
authors: Laurent
authors: L
authors: Schwartz
authors: Ludivine
authors: L
authors: Buhler
authors: Philippe
authors: P
authors: Icard
authors: Hubert
authors: H
authors: Lincet
authors: Jean-Marc
authors: JM
authors: Steyaert
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002951:Citrates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D057176:Compassionate Use Trials; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009271:Naltrexone / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D008063:Thioctic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014803:Vitamin B Complex / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D002951:Citrates; D014803:Vitamin B Complex; D009271:Naltrexone; D008063:Thioctic Acid; C007999:hydroxycitric acid
keywords: Hydroxycitrate; advanced cancer; alpha lipoic acid; low-dose naltrexone; metabolism