title: Accumulation of FGF9 in prostate cancer correlates with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and induction of VEGF-A expression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to investigate the molecular mechanism of fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-9 in prostate cancer cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)s and cadherins in LNCaP cells by incubation with FGF9 was assessed by western blot analysis. Tissues obtained during a radical prostatectomy in 88 patients were immunohistochemically-stained using anti-FGF9, anti-cadherin, and anti-VEGF antibodies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Expression of N-cadherin and VEGF-A were induced in LNCaP cells incubated in FGF9-containing medium. The biochemical relapse-free survival rate in cases with FGF9, N-cadherin and VEGF-A-positive cells was significantly lower than the rate in cases where positive cells were not detectable. The prevalence of both VEGF-A- and N-cadherin-positive cells in the sample with FGF9-positive cells were significantly higher in comparison to FGF9-negative cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FGF9 can be associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and invasion by inducing VEGF-A expression in prostate cancer cells.
authors: Department of Urology, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Integrated Health Sciences, Hiroshima University 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minamiku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan. teishima@hiroshima-u.ac.jp.
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Teishima
authors: Shigeki
authors: S
authors: Yano
authors: Koichi
authors: K
authors: Shoji
authors: Tetsutaro
authors: T
authors: Hayashi
authors: Keisuke
authors: K
authors: Goto
authors: Hiroyuki
authors: H
authors: Kitano
authors: Kiyotaka
authors: K
authors: Oka
authors: Hirotaka
authors: H
authors: Nagamatsu
authors: Akio
authors: A
authors: Matsubara
mesh_terms: D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015820:Cadherins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D018450:Disease Progression; D058750:Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition / Q000502:physiology*; D051525:Fibroblast Growth Factor 9 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D064129:Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; C050361:CDH2 protein, human; D015820:Cadherins; C496459:FGF9 protein, human; D051525:Fibroblast Growth Factor 9; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
keywords: FGF9; N-cadherin; VEGF-A; biochemical recurrence; epithelial-mesenchymal transition; prostate cancer; radical prostatectomy