title: Effect of Roasting Process on Total Phenolic Compounds and γ-tocopherol Contents of Iranian Sesame Seeds (Sesamum indicum).
abstract: Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) seed and oil have long been used widely as healthy foods to supply energy and prevent aging. Some of the main active anti-oxidative constituents in sesame seeds are γ-tocopherol and phenols. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between roasting temperature and time with γ-tocopherol and total phenolic compounds (TPC) of sesame seeds when roasted in a domestic electric oven. Eight cultivars of sesame seeds in this study were Darab, Dezful, Karaj, Moghan, Naz- Branching, Naz-NonBranching, Siah and Varamin. Each cultivar was divided into ten group based on the roasting time (10, 15 and 20 min) and temperatures (180, 200 and 220 °C)andunroasted one. The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and spectrophotometeric methods were used for γ-tocopherol (n = 80) and TPC (n = 80) analysis, respectively. The γ-tocopherol content ranged from 329 ± 5 mg/L in Naz-Branching sesame oil to 1114±7 mg/L in Siah sesame oil and 169±6 to 577±1 mg/kg in sesame seed respectively. γ-tocopherol content of six cultivars increased significantly (p < 0.05) as the roasting temperature and time; until 200 °C for 10 min, but they were decreased by roasting at 220 °C in longer time. Also TPC increased significantly as the roasting temperature. The amount of TPC varied in different sesame cultivars from 20.109 ± 3.967 μM to 129.300±3.493 in Varamin and Naz- Branching sesame seed cultivars, respectively, also TPC increased from 70.953 ± 5.863 μM in unroasted Naz-Branching sesame seed to 129.300 ± 3.493 μM after roasting in 200 °C for 20 min. The present study showed that Iranian sesame seed can be considered as a good source of natural antioxidant specially after roasting. The optimum temperature and time roasting to obtain the most γ-tocopherol and total phenolic content was 200 °C for 10 and 20 min, respectively.
authors: Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Behrooz
authors: B
authors: Jannat
authors: Department of Drug and Food Control, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Mohammad Reza
authors: MR
authors: Oveisi
authors: Department of Drug and Food Control, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Naficeh
authors: N
authors: Sadeghi
authors: Department of Drug and Food Control, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Mannan
authors: M
authors: Hajimahmoodi
authors: Department of Drug and Food Control, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Masoomeh
authors: M
authors: Behzad
authors: Department of Drug and Food Control, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Bahman
authors: B
authors: Nahavandi
authors: Department of Drug and Food Control, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Shirin
authors: S
authors: Tehrani
authors: Islamic Azad University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Fatemeh
authors: F
authors: Sadeghi
authors: Islamic Azad University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Morvarid
authors: M
authors: Oveisi
keywords: Roasting temperature and time; Sesame seeds; Total phenol compounds; γ-Tocopherol