title: Association between obesity and periodontitis in pregnant females.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study is to investigate whether overweight and obesity before pregnancy are associated with periodontitis during pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study examined a total of 315 pregnant females at 21 to 24 weeks of gestation. Overweight and obesity were defined based on criteria proposed by the World Health Organization Expert Consultation. Periodontal conditions were assessed by measuring clinical periodontal attachment loss (AL). To investigate whether obese pregnant females have increased risk according to the extent of periodontitis, the data were divided into two groups: 1) generalized periodontitis and 2) localized periodontitis. A comparison among underweight, normal-weight, and overweight/obese groups for explanatory variables was analyzed using the χ(2) test for categorical variables and an analysis of variance for continuous variables. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed with adjustments for age, health and oral health behaviors, and obstetric information.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Age, age at first delivery, periodontitis, and periodontal conditions (two or more interproximal sites with AL ≥4 mm not on the same tooth) were significantly associated with body mass index (BMI) (P <0.05). The adjusted odds ratio of periodontitis was 4.57 (95% confidence interval = 2.30 to 9.07) for overweight and obese females (BMI ≥23 kg/m(2)), after adjusting for all of the covariates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a strong association between prepregnancy overweight/obesity and periodontitis in pregnant females.
authors: Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Hyo-Jin
authors: HJ
authors: Lee
authors: Jong-Kwan
authors: JK
authors: Jun
authors: Seung-Mi
authors: SM
authors: Lee
authors: Jung-Eun
authors: JE
authors: Ha
authors: Dai-Il
authors: DI
authors: Paik
authors: Kwang-Hak
authors: KH
authors: Bae
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D003729:Dental Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012534:Dental Scaling; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008423:Maternal Age; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications*; D009910:Oral Hygiene; D050177:Overweight / Q000150:complications; D010298:Parity; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000145:classification; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000150:complications*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications; D012907:Smoking; D013851:Thinness / Q000150:complications
keywords: Body mass index; obesity; overweight; periodontitis; pregnancy; pregnant women