title: Validated method for the analysis of frangulins A and B and glucofrangulins A and B using HPLC and UHPLC.
abstract: In the present study, robust and validated HPLC and UHPLC methods for the quantitative determination of frangulins A and B (3 and 4) and glucofrangulins A and B (1 and 2) in the bark of Frangula alnus have been developed. The HPLC method allowed the separation of the analytes in 25 min and the UHPLC method in just 13 min. The HPLC method used an MN Nucleodur C18 125 × 4 mm column with 3 μm particles, while the UHPLC method used a Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C18, 100 × 2.1 mm column with 1.7 μm particles. Mobile phase A consisted of water and 1.25 mL/L phosphoric acid (85%), while mobile phase B consisted of CH3CN/MeOH (20:80). The flow rates were set to 1 mL/min for the HPLC method and 0.4 mL/min for the UHPLC method, with the column temperature held at 50 °C and the detection wavelength being 435 nm for either method. A fractional factorial design was used to check the robustness of the methods. The resolution of the analytes was never less than 1.5 when the factors were varied in the tested range. The conditions for ultrasonic extraction were optimized by response surface methodology and found to be 68% CH3CN in the extraction solvent, 35 °C extraction temperature, and a duration of 25 min. The extraction procedure was determined to be very robust against small deviations of these factors.
authors.affiliation: Research Group of Phytopharmacy, Institute for Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Science , Einsiedlerstrasse 31, CH-8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Immanuel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rosenthal
authors.forename: Evelyn
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wolfram
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Peter
authors.forename: Beat
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Meier
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000880:Anthraquinones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005960:Glucosides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D024301:Plant Bark / Q000737:chemistry; D027823:Rhamnaceae / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000880:Anthraquinones; D005960:Glucosides; C000589165:glucofrangulin B; C007781:frangulin B; C000589162:frangulin A; C000589164:glucofrangulin A