title: Recent advance in brown adipose physiology and its therapeutic potential.
abstract: Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a specialized thermoregulatory organ that has a critical role in the regulation of energy metabolism. Specifically, energy expenditure can be enhanced by the activation of BAT function and the induction of a BAT-like catabolic phenotype in white adipose tissue (WAT). Since the recent recognition of metabolically active BAT in adult humans, BAT has been extensively studied as one of the most promising targets identified for treating obesity and its related disorders. In this review, we summarize information on the developmental origin of BAT and the progenitors of brown adipocytes in WAT. We explore the transcriptional control of brown adipocyte differentiation during classical BAT development and in WAT browning. We also discuss the neuronal control of BAT activity and summarize the recently identified non-canonical stimulators of BAT that can act independently of β-adrenergic stimulation. Finally, we review new findings on the beneficial effects of BAT activation and development with respect to improving metabolic profiles. We highlight the therapeutic potential of BAT and its future prospects, including pharmacological intervention and cell-based therapies designed to enhance BAT activity and development.
authors.affiliation: Center for Integrative and Metabolic Endocrine Research, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Yun-Hee
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Suk
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Environmental Health, College of Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea [2] BK21+ Program, Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dalwoong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D050156:Adipogenesis; D002001:Adipose Tissue, Brown / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D009765:Obesity / Q000628:therapy