title: Sugars and risk of mortality in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although previous studies have linked intake of sugars with incidence of cancer and other chronic diseases, its association with mortality remains unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the association of total sugars, added sugars, total fructose, added fructose, sucrose, and added sucrose with the risk of all-cause, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and other-cause mortality in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The participants (n = 353,751), aged 50-71 y, were followed for up to 13 y. Intake of individual sugars over the previous 12 mo was assessed at baseline by using a 124-item NIH Diet History Questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In fully adjusted models (fifth quartile compared with first quartile), all-cause mortality was positively associated with the intake of total sugars [HR (95% CI): 1.13 (1.06, 1.20); P-trend < 0.0001], total fructose [1.10 (1.04, 1.17); P-trend < 0.0001], and added fructose [1.07 (1.01, 1.13); P-trend = 0.005) in women and total fructose [1.06 (1.01, 1.10); P-trend = 0.002] in men. In men, a weak inverse association was found between other-cause mortality and dietary added sugars (P-trend = 0.04), sucrose (P-trend = 0.03), and added sucrose (P-trend = 0.006). Investigation of consumption of sugars by source showed that the positive association with mortality risk was confined only to sugars from beverages, whereas the inverse association was confined to sugars from solid foods.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this large prospective study, total fructose intake was weakly positively associated with all-cause mortality in both women and men, whereas added sugar, sucrose, and added sucrose intakes were inversely associated with other-cause mortality in men. In our analyses, intake of added sugars was not associated with an increased risk of mortality. The NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00340015.
authors.affiliation: Applied Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD (NT, AFS, and NP); the Nutrition Program, School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ (NT); the Nutritional Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD (YP and LJ); the Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (LJ); and the AARP, Washington, DC (AH).
authors.forename: Natasha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tasevska
authors.forename: Yikyung
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jiao
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hollenbeck
authors.forename: Amy F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Subar
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Potischman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000401:mortality*; D004032:Diet; D019422:Dietary Sucrose / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005632:Fructose / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality*; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D013395:Sucrose / Q000009:adverse effects; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D019422:Dietary Sucrose; D005632:Fructose; D013395:Sucrose