title: Cleft Palate induced by Sulfur Mustard in mice fetus.
abstract: Sulfur Mustard (SM) is a chemical warfare agent which was widely used in the World War I and more recently during Gulf war in the early 1980s'. SM is a strong alkylating agent with known mutagenic and carcinogenic effects; but only few studies have been published on its teratogenicity. Since SM has been widely used as a chemical weapon by the Iraqi regime against the Iranian soldiers as well as the civilian population particularly pregnant women in the border area; therefore, the investigation of SM adverse effects on cleft malformations which is one of the most frequent congenital anomalies is considered in this study. An experimental work has been carried out in embryopathy in mouse with intraperitoneal injection of 0.75 and 1.5 mg/kg SM at different periods of gestation. Cleft lip and palate were examined by stereomicroscopy. Current data demonstrate that exposure with SM on the 11th day of gestation can increase the incidence of cleft defects in comparison with control group (P<0.001). These results also show that SM treatment in GD 11 and 13 can lead to more anomalies compared with GD 14 (P<0.001). They also show that the teratogenic effects of SM are restrictively under the influence of the threshold dose and time of gestation. The present results suggest that exposure to sufficient doses of SM on critical days of gestation may increase the risk of congenital cleft malformations.
authors.affiliation: Medical Genetics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hassanzadeh-Nazarabadi
authors.affiliation: Medical Genetics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Nasrin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sanjarmoosavi
authors.affiliation: Medical Genetics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Naser
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sanjarmoosavi
authors.affiliation: Medical Genetics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Sahar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shekouhi
keywords: Sulfur Mustard; cleft lip/palate; teratogenicity