title: A proposed scalable design and simulation of wireless sensor network-based long-distance water pipeline leakage monitoring system.
abstract: Anomalies such as leakage and bursts in water pipelines have severe consequences for the environment and the economy. To ensure the reliability of water pipelines, they must be monitored effectively. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have emerged as an effective technology for monitoring critical infrastructure such as water, oil and gas pipelines. In this paper, we present a scalable design and simulation of a water pipeline leakage monitoring system using Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) and WSN technology. The proposed design targets long-distance aboveground water pipelines that have special considerations for maintenance, energy consumption and cost. The design is based on deploying a group of mobile wireless sensor nodes inside the pipeline and allowing them to work cooperatively according to a prescheduled order. Under this mechanism, only one node is active at a time, while the other nodes are sleeping. The node whose turn is next wakes up according to one of three wakeup techniques: location-based, time-based and interrupt-driven. In this paper, mathematical models are derived for each technique to estimate the corresponding energy consumption and memory size requirements. The proposed equations are analyzed and the results are validated using simulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia. al_nasheri@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Abdulaziz S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Almazyad
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia. yseddiq@kacst.edu.sa.
authors.forename: Yasser M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Seddiq
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia. alzpen@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Ahmed M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Alotaibi
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia. al_nasheri@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Ahmed Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Al-Nasheri
authors.affiliation: National Center for Electronics, Communications and Photonics Research, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia. mbensaleh@kacst.edu.sa.
authors.forename: Mohammed S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: BenSaleh
authors.affiliation: National Center for Electronics, Communications and Photonics Research, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia. obeid@kacst.edu.sa.
authors.forename: Abdulfattah M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Obeid
authors.affiliation: National Center for Electronics, Communications and Photonics Research, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia. mqasim@kacst.edu.sa.
authors.forename: Syed Manzoor
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Qasim