title: Development, validity, and reliability of the General Activities of Daily Living Scale: a multidimensional measure of activities of daily living for older people.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To propose and evaluate the psychometric properties of a multidimensional measure of activities of daily living (ADLs) based on the Katz and Lawton indices for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, 85 patients with MCI and 93 with AD, stratified by age (≤ 74 years, > 74 years), completed the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Geriatric Depression Scale, and their caregivers completed scales for ADLs. Construct validity (factor analysis), reliability (internal consistency), and criterion-related validity (receiver operating characteristic analysis and logistic regression) were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three factors of ADL (self-care, domestic activities, and complex activities) were identified and used for item reorganization and for the creation of a new inventory, called the General Activities of Daily Living Scale (GADL). The components showed good internal consistency (> 0.800) and moderate (younger participants) or high (older participants) accuracy for the distinction between MCI and AD. An additive effect was found between the GADL complex ADLs and global ADLs with the MMSE for the correct classification of younger patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The GADL showed evidence of validity and reliability for the Brazilian elderly population. It may also play an important role in the differential diagnosis of MCI and AD.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Research in Clinical Neuroscience (LINC), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jonas J de
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Paula
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Research in Clinical Neuroscience (LINC), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Laiss
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bertola
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Research in Clinical Neuroscience (LINC), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rafaela T de
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Ávila
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciana de O
authors.initials: Lde O
authors.lastname: Assis
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Research in Clinical Neuroscience (LINC), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maicon
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Albuquerque
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Practice, School of Medicine, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bicalho
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Practice, School of Medicine, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Edgar N de
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Moraes
authors.affiliation: National Science and Technology Institute for Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nicolato
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Research in Clinical Neuroscience (LINC), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leandro F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Malloy-Diniz
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000175:diagnosis*; D001938:Brazil; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011594:Psychometrics; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards