title: Trends in prevalence of diabetes mellitus and mean fasting glucose in Portugal (1987-2009): a systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess time trends of the prevalence of diabetes and mean blood glucose in Portuguese adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Systematic review.
  
  
  METHODS
  The search strategy included Pubmed search and screening of bibliographic references of the review articles. Sex-specific linear regression models, with survey year and participants' age as independent variables, were used to predict prevalence estimates of self-reported diabetes and mean fasting glucose.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-seven eligible studies were identified. Time trends of objectively defined diabetes could not be quantified due to the heterogeneity of the diagnostic criteria. Between 1987 and 2009, the prevalence of self-reported diabetes remained approximately constant in young adults, while it increased in middle-aged and older adults, more than two-fold among women and three-fold among men. In the same period, mean fasting glucose increased 7 mg/dL among women and 8 mg/dL among men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of self-reported diabetes and mean fasting glucose increased in the last two decades, demanding for effective strategies to reverse this tendency and to manage the increasing number of people with diabetes in the Portuguese population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Predictive Medicine and Public Health, University of Porto Medical School, Alameda Prof Hernani Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; Institute of Public Health of the University of Porto, Rua das Taipas n° 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal. Electronic address: martasfp@med.up.pt.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Predictive Medicine and Public Health, University of Porto Medical School, Alameda Prof Hernani Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; Institute of Public Health of the University of Porto, Rua das Taipas n° 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Carreira
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Predictive Medicine and Public Health, University of Porto Medical School, Alameda Prof Hernani Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; Institute of Public Health of the University of Porto, Rua das Taipas n° 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lunet
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Predictive Medicine and Public Health, University of Porto Medical School, Alameda Prof Hernani Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; Institute of Public Health of the University of Porto, Rua das Taipas n° 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Azevedo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D011174:Portugal / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose
keywords: Diabetes mellitus; Epidemiology; Glucose; Risk factors