title: Trace elemental distribution in the scalp hair of bipolars using PIXE technique.
abstract: Trace metals play a significant role in neurological disorders. There is very limited information available on the role of macro and trace elements in bipolar disorders. The objective of this investigation was to identification, quantification of essential trace elements in the scalp hair samples of the patients and compare with those of normal subjects. We made a hypothesis about the role played by essential trace metals whose concentrations are significantly different to those of normals in the disease process. The analysis was carried out in the scalp hair samples of 26 male and 26 female patients suffering from bipolar disorder (BD) by Particle Induced X-ray Emission Technique (PIXE). The concentration of Cu (p < 0.002) was found to be higher in the hair samples of male bipolar disorder patients while the concentrations of Mn (p < 0.001), Fe (p < 0.005), Zn (p < 0.0001) and Se (p < 0.005) were found to be lower than those in normal subjects. The concentration of Cu (p < 0.0001) was higher in the hair samples of female bipolar patients but depressed levels of Fe (p < 0.005), Ni (p < 0.05), Zn (p < 0.00001) and Se (p < 0.05) were observed compared to controls. Cu/Zn ratio was found to be higher in the hair samples of male and female patients compared with normals. While the imbalance of certain trace elements leads to generation of more free radicals, the imbalance of some other trace elements causes changes in dopamine (neurotransmitter) activity. It is essential to monitor before and periodically during treatment the levels of essential trace elements for effective treatment of bipolar disorder.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Physics, College of Natural Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia. Electronic address: draspradeep@gmail.com.
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Pradeep
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Physics, JNTU College of Engineering, Vizianagaram, AP, India.
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Naga Raju
authors.affiliation: Swami Jnanananda Laboratories for Nuclear Research, Andhra University, Waltair, Visakhapatnam 530 003, India.
authors.forename: S Abdul
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Sattar
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Physics, GIT, GITAM University, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam 530 045, India.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sarita
authors.affiliation: Swami Jnanananda Laboratories for Nuclear Research, Andhra University, Waltair, Visakhapatnam 530 003, India.
authors.forename: A Durga
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Prasada Rao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physics, Sachivalaya Marg, Bhubaneswar 751 005, India.
authors.forename: Dinesh Kumar
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Ray
authors.affiliation: Swami Jnanananda Laboratories for Nuclear Research, Andhra University, Waltair, Visakhapatnam 530 003, India.
authors.forename: B Seetharami
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.affiliation: Swami Jnanananda Laboratories for Nuclear Research, Andhra University, Waltair, Visakhapatnam 530 003, India.
authors.forename: S Bhuloka
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Reddy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000378:metabolism*; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006197:Hair / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012535:Scalp / Q000378:metabolism*; D012643:Selenium / Q000032:analysis; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000032:analysis*; D055815:Young Adult; D015032:Zinc / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D014131:Trace Elements; D003300:Copper; D007501:Iron; D012643:Selenium; D015032:Zinc; D004298:Dopamine