title: Manometric assessment of esophageal motor function in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Primary biliary cirrhosis is associated with other autoimmune diseases including Sjögren's syndrome, and scleroderma. Esophageal dysmotility is well known in scleroderma, and Sjögren's syndrome. The aim of this study is to investigate whether any esophageal motor dysfunction exists in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was performed in 37 patients (36 women, mean age: 56.29 ± 10.01 years) who met diagnostic criteria for primary biliary cirrhosis. Thirty-seven functional dyspepsia patients, were also included as a control group. Patients entering the study were asked to complete a symptom questionnaire. Distal esophageal contraction amplitude, and lower esophageal sphincter resting pressure were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Manometric findings in primary biliary cirrhosis patients vs. controls were as follows: Median lower esophageal sphincter resting pressure (mmHg): (24 vs 20, p=0.033); median esophageal contraction amplitude (mmHg): (71 vs 56, p=0.050); mean lower esophageal sphincter relaxation duration (sc, x ± SD): (6.10 ± 1.18 vs 8.29 ± 1.92, p<0.001); and median lower esophageal sphincter relaxation (%) (96 vs 98, p=0.019); respectively. No significant differences were evident in median peak velocity (sc) (3.20 vs 3.02, p=0.778) between patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and the functional dyspepsia patients. Esophageal dysmotility was found in 17 (45.9%) primary biliary cirrhosis patients (non-specific esophageal motor disorder in ten patients, hypomotility of esophagus in five patients, nutcracker esophagus in one patient and hypertensive lower esophageal sphincter in one patient).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Esophageal dysmotility was detected in 45.9% of patients. The study suggests that subclinic esophageal dysmotility is frequent in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis.
authors.affiliation: Ankara University School of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bektas
authors.affiliation: Ankara University School of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gulseren
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Seven
authors.affiliation: Ankara University School of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ramazan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Idilman
authors.affiliation: Ankara University School of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yakut
authors.affiliation: Ankara University School of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Beyza
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Doğanay
authors.affiliation: Ankara University School of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gökhan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kabacam
authors.affiliation: Ankara University School of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Yusuf
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ustun
authors.affiliation: Ankara University School of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Esin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Korkut
authors.affiliation: Ankara University School of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Çağdaş
authors.initials: Ç
authors.lastname: Kalkan
authors.affiliation: Ankara University School of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Günay
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sahin
authors.affiliation: Ankara University School of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hulya
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cetinkaya
authors.affiliation: Ankara University School of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hakan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bozkaya
authors.affiliation: Ankara University School of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Cihan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yurdaydin
authors.affiliation: Ankara University School of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Kadir
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bahar
authors.affiliation: Ankara University School of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Kubilay
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cinar
authors.affiliation: Ankara University School of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Irfan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Soykan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004415:Dyspepsia / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D015154:Esophageal Motility Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008105:Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry; D008875:Middle Aged
keywords: Esophageal motility; Primary biliary cirrhosis; Sjögren's syndrome