title: Marginal adaptation of class II cavities restored with bulk-fill composites.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the marginal adaptation of bulk-fill composites in class II MO cavities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Standardized class II MO cavities with bevelled enamel margins were prepared in 40 extracted human molars. The teeth were randomly assigned to one of the five experimental groups (n=8). The teeth were restored with two horizontal increments of composite (4mm and 2mm thickness). The experimental groups were (1st/2nd increment): Gr. A - Venus Bulk-Fill/Venus Diamond; Gr. B - Tetric EvoCeram BulkFill/Tetric EvoCeram; Gr. C - Surefil SDR/Ceram-X; Gr. D - SonicFill; Gr. E - Ceram-X/Ceram-X (control). After finishing procedures, impressions were made using a polyvinyl siloxane and epoxy resin replicas were obtained. Thermo-mechanical stressing was carried out 24h after the restorative procedure. All specimens were submitted to 240,000 occlusal loading and simultaneous 600 thermal cycles in water at 5°C and 50°C. After loading, a new set of epoxy resin replicas was obtained. Scanning electron microscopy was carried out at 200× magnification. Results for the marginal adaptation were expressed as percentages of continuity relative to the exposed interface and analyzed by ANOVA and Duncan post hoc test (p<0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In enamel, no significant differences were detected before and after thermo-mechanical loading between groups. In dentine, the worst results were observed in Gr.
  By applying simple layering techniques, bulk-fill materials do not allow better marginal adaptation than a standard composite.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A new class of resin-base composite (bulk-fill) was recently launched on the market. The bulk-fill composites exhibited adequate marginal adaptation and similar to the results of the standard composite.
authors.affiliation: UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Rua Humaita 1680, 14801-903 Araraquara, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: edson.campos@foar.unesp.br.
authors.forename: Edson Alves
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.affiliation: Division of Cariology & Endodontology, Dental School, University of Geneva, Rue Barthélemy-Menn 19, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ardu
authors.affiliation: Division of Cariology & Endodontology, Dental School, University of Geneva, Rue Barthélemy-Menn 19, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Dorien
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lefever
authors.affiliation: UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Rua Humaita 1680, 14801-903 Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda Ferreira
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Jassé
authors.affiliation: Division of Cariology & Endodontology, Dental School, University of Geneva, Rue Barthélemy-Menn 19, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Tissiana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bortolotto
authors.affiliation: Division of Cariology & Endodontology, Dental School, University of Geneva, Rue Barthélemy-Menn 19, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Ivo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Krejci
mesh_terms: D001732:Bite Force; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D003737:Dental Cavity Preparation / Q000145:classification*; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018772:Dental Marginal Adaptation; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent / Q000145:classification*; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D011897:Random Allocation; D016628:Replica Techniques; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: C520091:CeramX; D003188:Composite Resins; D003764:Dental Materials; C469607:OptiBond FL; D019279:Resin Cements; C553871:Surefil SDR Flow; C501891:Tetric EvoCeram; C488393:Venus (composite resin)
keywords: Bulk-fill; Composites; Marginal adaptation