title: Comprehensive laboratory evaluation of a specific lateral flow assay for the presumptive identification of abrin in suspicious white powders and environmental samples.
abstract: Abrin is a heterodimeric toxin present in the seeds of the Abrus precatorius plant. The easily obtainable seeds can yield a highly toxic product that can be used in various types of biocrimes and terrorism-related activities, including "white-powder" letters. Although the vast majority of these threats are hoaxes, the lack of rapid and reliable detection assays for abrin, such as lateral flow assays (LFAs), can be an impediment to accurate and rapid hazard assessment. One of the complicating factors associated with LFAs is the use of antibodies of poor affinity and specificity that cross-react with near neighbors or that bind to plant lectins, which are capable of nonspecifically cross-linking the capture and detector antibodies. Because of the critical need to promote public safety and public health, we conducted a comprehensive laboratory evaluation of a commercial LFA for the rapid detection of abrin. This study was conducted using comprehensive inclusivity and exclusivity panels of abrin and near-neighbor plant materials, along with panels of lectins, related proteins, white powders, and environmental background material, to determine the sensitivity, specificity, limit of detection, dynamic range, and repeatability of the assay for the specific intended use of evaluating suspicious white powders and environmental samples for the presumptive presence of abrin.
authors.forename: Jason G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Ramage
authors.forename: Kristin Willner
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Prentice
authors.forename: Stephen A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Morse
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: Shomik
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Datta
authors.forename: Rahsaan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Drumgoole
authors.forename: Shaw R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Gargis
authors.forename: Latoya
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Griffin-Thomas
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hastings
authors.forename: Heather P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Masri
authors.forename: Matthew S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: Shashi K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Ajay K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Erin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Swaney
authors.forename: Tanya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Swanson
authors.forename: Cheryl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gauthier
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Toney
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pohl
authors.forename: Priyanka
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shakamuri
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Stuchlik
authors.forename: Ian A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Elder
authors.forename: Peter L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Estacio
authors.forename: Eric A E
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Garber
authors.forename: Sally
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hojvat
authors.forename: Richard B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Kellogg
authors.forename: Gerald
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kovacs
authors.forename: Larry
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Stanker
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Weigel
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Hodge
authors.forename: Segaran P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Pillai
mesh_terms: D000036:Abrin / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D051337:Chemical Terrorism; D011208:Powders / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000506:poisoning; D011933:Reagent Kits, Diagnostic / Q000592:standards*; D011934:Reagent Strips; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D011208:Powders; D011933:Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; D011934:Reagent Strips; D000036:Abrin