title: Intensive lifestyle intervention improves cardiometabolic and exercise parameters in metabolically healthy obese and metabolically unhealthy obese individuals.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The effects of an intensive lifestyle intervention including Mediterranean diet nutritional counselling and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on body composition, cardiometabolic, and exercise parameters were studied in metabolically unhealthy obese (NMHO) and metabolically healthy but obese (MHO) subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-five MHO (51 ± 8 years; waist circumference, 109 ± 13 cm) and 79 NMHO subjects (54 ± 9 years; waist circumference, 112 ± 13 cm) participated in an intensive lifestyle modification program based on Mediterranean diet nutritional counselling and HIIT 2-3 times per week. Body composition, cardiometabolic, and exercise parameters were measured at baseline and after 9 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Initially, MHO patients had a lower blood pressure (BP), fasting glycemia, triglycerides, and a higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak) (P < 0.05) vs NMHO patients. Body mass (P < 0.05), waist circumference (P < 0.0001), total and trunk fat mass (P < 0.001), systolic and diastolic BP (P < 0.001), fasting glucose (P < 0.0001), insulin sensitivity (P < 0.05), VO2 peak and muscle endurance (P < 0.0001) were similarly improved in both groups after the program. Prevalence of NMHO was reduced by 17.91% (P < 0.01) after the program. Similar improvements in body composition, BP, and exercise parameters were found for MHO and NMHO men and women (P < 0.05). In all patients, improvement of VO2 peak was negatively correlated with improvements in body composition, systolic blood pressure, and resting heart rate (HR) (R = -0.61 to -0.24; P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A long-term intensive lifestyle program including Mediterranean diet nutritional counselling and HIIT is an appropriate intervention in MHO and NMHO subjects with similar potential clinical health benefits including an improved body composition, BP, fasting glycemia, insulin sensitivity, VO2 peak, and muscle endurance.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation Centre (ÉPIC), Montreal Heart Institute and University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute and University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Claudie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dalzill
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation Centre (ÉPIC), Montreal Heart Institute and University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute and University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Anil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nigam
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation Centre (ÉPIC), Montreal Heart Institute and University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute and University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Juneau
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation Centre (ÉPIC), Montreal Heart Institute and University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Guilbeault
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation Centre (ÉPIC), Montreal Heart Institute and University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Elise
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Latour
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, University of Laval, Laval, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Pascale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mauriège
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation Centre (ÉPIC), Montreal Heart Institute and University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute and University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada. Electronic address: mathieu.gayda@icm-mhi.org.
authors.forename: Mathieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gayda
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001823:Body Composition; D003376:Counseling; D038441:Diet, Mediterranean; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000628:therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000628:therapy*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010807:Physical Endurance; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose