title: The effect of ginger powder supplementation on insulin resistance and glycemic indices in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify the effect of some herbal products on insulin resistance. Regarding the scientific evidences existing about ginger, this research was therefore carried out to identify the effect of ginger supplementation on insulin resistance and glycemic indices in diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in which 88 participants affected by diabetes were randomly assigned into ginger (GG) and placebo (PG) groups. The GG received 3 one-gram capsules containing ginger powder whereas the PG received 3 one-gram microcrystalline-containing capsules daily for 8 weeks. HbA1c, fructosamine, fasting blood sugar (FBS), fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), β-cell function (β%), insulin sensitivity (S%) and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) were assessed before and after the intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  FBS mean showed a decrease of 10.5% (p=0.003) in the GG whereas the mean had an increase of 21% in the PG (p=0.01). Variation in HbA1c mean was in line with that of FBS. Statistical difference was found in the two groups before and after the intervention in terms of median of fasting insulin level, S% and HOMA-IR (P<0.005). Moreover QUICKI mean increased significantly in the two groups, the mean difference, however, was significantly higher in the GG.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study demonstrated that daily consumption of 3 one-gram capsules of ginger powder for 8 weeks is useful for patients with type 2 diabetes due to FBS and HbA1c reduction and improvement of insulin resistance indices such as QUICKI index.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health, Yazd Diabetes Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Electronic address: mozaffari.kh@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mozaffari-Khosravi
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health, Yazd Diabetes Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
authors.forename: Behrouz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Talaei
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
authors.forename: Beman-Ali
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Jalali
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health, Yazd Diabetes Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
authors.forename: Azadeh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Najarzadeh
authors.affiliation: Department of English Language, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Mozayan
mesh_terms: D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D020939:Zingiber officinale / Q000737:chemistry*; D038321:Glycemic Index / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Diabetes mellitus; Ginger; Insulin resistance