title: Nephrotoxicity of cefepime: A new cephalosporin antibiotic in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the nephrotoxic effect and biochemical alterations induced by cefepime in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cefepime was administered intramuscularly at doses of 45, 90 and 180 mg/kg b.wt. once daily for 5 consecutive days. The serum and urine samples were used for quantitative determination of urea, creatinine, glucose, total protein, calcium, sodium and potassium. The histopathological examination of kidney tissues was performed 1, 4 and 8 days after the last dose of cefepime administration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cefepime induced a significant increase in the total amount of urine per day, urea and creatinine concentration in the serum and urine and significant decrease in their clearance. Cefepime also caused a significant gluocosuria and proteinuria and significant decrease in their serum concentrations. The effect of cefepime on serum and urine concentrations of calcium, sodium and potassium were also determined. Cefepime injection in the three tested doses caused renal tubular, glomerular and vascular changes. The severity of these changes was dose dependent. In conclusion, these results suggest a possible contribution of cefepime in the nephrotoxicity and biochemical alterations, especially at high doses. Therefore, the renal functions should be monitored during the cefepime therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mossad Gamaleddin Ahmed
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Elsayed
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ashraf Abdelhakim Ahmed
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Elkomy
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mahmoud Salem
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Gaballah
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Elbadawy
keywords: Biochemicals; cefepime; histopathology; nephrotoxicity; rats