title: Chronic post-traumatic neuropathic pain of brachial plexus and upper limb: a new technique of peripheral nerve stimulation.
abstract: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect on pain relief in patients with peripheral neuropathic pain after brachial plexus injuries using an implanted peripheral nerve stimulator applied directly to the nerve branch involved into the axillary cavity. Seven patients with post-traumatic brachial plexus lesions or distal peripheral nerve complaining of severe intractable chronic pain were enrolled in a single-centre, open-label trial. Conventional drugs and traditional surgical treatment were not effective. Patients underwent careful neurological evaluation, pain questionnaires and quantitative sensory testing (QST). Surgical treatment consists of a new surgical technique: a quadripolar electrode lead was placed directly on the sensory peripheral branch of the main nerve involved, proximally to the site of lesion, into the axillary cavity. To assess the effect, we performed a complete neuroalgological evaluation and QST battery after 1 week and again after 1, 6 and 12 weeks. All patients at baseline experienced severe pain with severe positive phenomena in the median (5) and/or radial (2) territory. After turning on the neuro-stimulator system, all patients experienced pain relief within a few minutes (>75 % and >95 % in most), with long-lasting pain relief with a reduction in mean Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) of 76.2 % after 6 months and of 71.5 % after 12 months. No significant adverse events occurred. We recommend and encourage this surgical technique for safety reasons; complications such as dislocation of electrocatheters are avoided. The peripheral nerve stimulation is effective and in severe neuropathic pain after post-traumatic nerve injuries of the upper limbs.
authors.affiliation: Neurosurgery Unit, Neuroscience Department, "Ospedale dell'Angelo", General Hospital, Mestre-Venice, Italy.
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stevanato
authors.forename: Grazia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Devigili
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Eleopra
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fontana
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lettieri
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Baracco
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guida
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rinaldo
authors.forename: Marzio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bevilacqua
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D020516:Brachial Plexus Neuropathies / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000379:methods; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055815:Young Adult