title: Molecular evolution of GPCRs: 26Rfa/GPR103.
abstract: Neuropeptides possessing the Arg-Phe-NH2 (RFamide) motif at their C-termini (designated as RFamide peptides) have been characterized in a variety of animals. Among these, neuropeptide 26RFa (also termed QRFP) is the latest member of the RFamide peptide family to be discovered in the hypothalamus of vertebrates. The neuropeptide 26RFa/QRFP is a 26-amino acid residue peptide that was originally identified in the frog brain. It has been shown to exert orexigenic activity in mammals and to be a ligand for the previously identified orphan G protein-coupled receptor, GPR103 (QRFPR). The cDNAs encoding 26RFa/QRFP and QRFPR have now been characterized in representative species of mammals, birds, and fish. Functional studies have shown that, in mammals, the 26RFa/QRFP-QRFPR system may regulate various functions, including food intake, energy homeostasis, bone formation, pituitary hormone secretion, steroidogenesis, nociceptive transmission, and blood pressure. Several biological actions have also been reported in birds and fish. This review summarizes the current state of identification, localization, and understanding of the functions of 26RFaQRFP and its cognate receptor, QRFPR, in vertebrates.
authors.affiliation: Section of Behavioral SciencesGraduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8521, JapanLaboratory of Integrative Brain SciencesDepartment of Biology, Center for Medical Life Science of Waseda University, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, JapanINSERM U982Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandy University, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France.
authors.forename: Kazuyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ukena
authors.affiliation: Section of Behavioral SciencesGraduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8521, JapanLaboratory of Integrative Brain SciencesDepartment of Biology, Center for Medical Life Science of Waseda University, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, JapanINSERM U982Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandy University, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France.
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Osugi
authors.affiliation: Section of Behavioral SciencesGraduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8521, JapanLaboratory of Integrative Brain SciencesDepartment of Biology, Center for Medical Life Science of Waseda University, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, JapanINSERM U982Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandy University, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France.
authors.forename: Jérôme
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leprince
authors.affiliation: Section of Behavioral SciencesGraduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8521, JapanLaboratory of Integrative Brain SciencesDepartment of Biology, Center for Medical Life Science of Waseda University, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, JapanINSERM U982Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandy University, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France.
authors.forename: Hubert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vaudry
authors.affiliation: Section of Behavioral SciencesGraduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8521, JapanLaboratory of Integrative Brain SciencesDepartment of Biology, Center for Medical Life Science of Waseda University, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, JapanINSERM U982Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandy University, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France k-tsutsui@waseda.jp.
authors.forename: Kazuyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsutsui
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000235:genetics; D001846:Bone Development / Q000235:genetics; D004435:Eating / Q000235:genetics; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000235:genetics; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D006801:Humans; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000201:enzymology; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D059226:Nociceptive Pain / Q000235:genetics; D000068797:Orexins; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000235:genetics*; D016415:Sequence Alignment
chemical_list: D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D009479:Neuropeptides; D000068797:Orexins; C476582:QRFPR protein, human; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; C480638:prepro-26RFa protein, human; C058047:arginylphenylalaninamide
keywords: 26RFa/QRFP; G protein-coupled receptor; food intake; hypothalamus; neuropeptide