title: Assessment of the clinical trainer as a role model: a Role Model Apperception Tool (RoMAT).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Positive role modeling by clinical trainers is important for helping trainees learn professional and competent behavior. The authors developed and validated an instrument to assess clinical trainers as role models: the Role Model Apperception Tool (RoMAT).
  
  
  METHODS
  On the basis of a 2011 systematic review of the literature and through consultation with medical education experts and with clinical trainers and trainees, the authors developed 17 attributes characterizing a role model, to be assessed using a Likert scale. In 2012, general practice (GP) trainees, in their first or third year of postgraduate training, who attended a curriculum day at four institutes in different parts of the Netherlands, completed the RoMAT. The authors performed a principal component analysis on the data that were generated, and they tested the instrument's validity and reliability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 328 potential GP trainees, 279 (85%) participated. Of these, 202 (72%) were female, and 154 (55%) were first-year trainees. The RoMAT demonstrated both content and convergent validity. Two components were extracted: "Caring Attitude" and "Effectiveness." Both components had high reliability scores (0.92 and 0.84, respectively). Less experienced trainees scored their trainers significantly higher on the Caring Attitude component.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The RoMAT proved to be a valid, reliable instrument for assessing clinical trainers' role-modeling behavior. Both components include an equal number of items addressing personal (Heart), teaching (Head), and clinical (Hands-on) qualities, thus demonstrating that competence in the "3Hs" is a condition for positive role modeling. Educational managers (residency directors) and trainees alike can use the RoMAT.
authors.affiliation: Dr. Jochemsen-van der Leeuw is general practitioner and PhD student, Department of General Practice/Family Medicine, Academic Medical Center-University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Dr. van Dijk is assistant professor, Department of General Practice/Family Medicine, Academic Medical Center-University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Dr. Wieringa-de Waard is professor, Department of General Practice/Family Medicine, Academic Medical Center-University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: H G A Ria
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Jochemsen-van der Leeuw
authors.forename: Nynke
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: van Dijk
authors.forename: Margreet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wieringa-de Waard
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003479:Curriculum; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate / Q000379:methods*; D004521:Educational Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D005180:Faculty, Medical / Q000458:organization & administration*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008611:Mentors; D009426:Netherlands; D010819:Physician's Role; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012380:Role