title: Drug utilization pattern and pharmacoeconomic analysis in geriatric medical in-patients of a tertiary care hospital of India.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate drug utilization pattern in terms of defined daily dose along with pharmacoeconomic analysis in geriatric patients admitted in medical ward of a tertiary care hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective medical record analysis was performed for indoor cases of the geriatric patients (age ≥65 years) admitted in medicine ward from January 2010 to December 2010 were analyzed for demographics, indications for admission, various systems involved, duration of hospital stay, various drugs prescribed, and adverse drug reaction. The drugs were categorized by anatomical therapeutic classification and defined daily dose was calculated. The World Health Organization prescribing indicators were assessed. Cost of the drugs was calculated to assess the economic burden.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cardiovascular diseases were the common cause for admission. Antiplatelet drugs-B01AC (93%), H2 blockers-A02BA (77.22%), antiemetics-A03FA (67.6%), vasodilators-C01D (55%), and hypolipidemic drugs-C10AA (52%) were commonly utilized groups. Average number of drugs per patient was 9.37 (95% CI: 9.09-9.64). Average number of antimicrobials prescribed per patient was 0.91 (95% CI: 0.82-0.99). Cefotaxime was the commonly prescribed antimicrobial drug. Average cost of treatment was ₹540.5 (95% CI: ₹458.0-623.0). Patients shared 45% of the economic burden for prescribed medicines. The average economic burden for drugs was significantly higher in expired than survived patients (₹749.49 vs. 457.59).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Polypharmacy and irrational use of medicines are common problems in geriatric prescription. Prescription guidelines should be formatted for them.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Government Medical College, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Binit N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Jhaveri
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Gujarat Medical Education Research Society Medical College, Gotri, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Tejas K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Government Medical College, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India ; Department of Pharmacology, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Manish J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Barvaliya
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Government Medical College, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India ; Department of Pharmacology, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Tripathi
keywords: Drug utilization research; geriatric population; pharmacoeconomic; polypharmacy; prescription audit; rational use of medicine; retrospective study