title: Evaluation of dry eye and meibomian gland dysfunction after cataract surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate dry eye and meibomian gland dysfunction after cataract surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective observational case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 58 eyes of 48 patients who underwent phacoemulsification and evaluated them preoperatively and at 1 month and 3 months postoperatively. Ocular symptom scores, lid margin abnormalities, superficial punctate keratopathies (SPKs), tear film break-up time (TBUT), Schirmer test, lower tear meniscus height, depth, and area using Fourier domain optical coherence tomography, meibum expressibility and images of the meibomian glands using meibography were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ocular symptom scores were worse at 1 month and 3 months postoperatively (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). Lid margin abnormalities were significantly increased (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively) and TBUT decreased postoperatively (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). Meibum expressibility decreased at 3 months postoperatively (P = 0.016); however, meibography score, SPK, lower tear meniscus height, depth and area and the Schirmer test did not change significantly postoperatively (all P values >0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Meibomian gland function may be altered without accompanying structural changes after cataract surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung Eun
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Chul
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Siloam Eye Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University College of Medicine, Sungnam, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Min
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.affiliation: Stulting Research Center, Woolfson Eye Institute, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: R Doyle
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Stulting
authors.affiliation: Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Eung Kweon
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. Electronic address: seoky@yuhs.ac.
authors.forename: Kyoung Yul
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Seo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015352:Dry Eye Syndromes / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005141:Eyelid Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019654:Lens Implantation, Intraocular; D008297:Male; D008537:Meibomian Glands / Q000473:pathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D018918:Phacoemulsification; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013666:Tears / Q000737:chemistry; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology