title: Genes involved in immunity and apoptosis are associated with human presbycusis based on microarray analysis.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  Genes involved in immunity and apoptosis were associated with human presbycusis. CCR3 and GILZ played an important role in the pathogenesis of presbycusis, probably through regulating chemokine receptor, T-cell apoptosis, or T-cell activation pathways.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify genes associated with human presbycusis and explore the molecular mechanism of presbycusis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hearing function was tested by pure-tone audiometry. Microarray analysis was performed to identify presbycusis-correlated genes by Illumina Human-6 BeadChip using the peripheral blood samples of subjects. To identify biological process categories and pathways associated with presbycusis-correlated genes, bioinformatics analysis was carried out by Gene Ontology Tree Machine (GOTM) and database for annotation, visualization, and integrated discovery (DAVID). Quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to validate the microarray data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Microarray analysis identified 469 up-regulated genes and 323 down-regulated genes. Both the dominant biological processes by Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and the enriched pathways by Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) and BIOCARTA showed that genes involved in immunity and apoptosis were associated with presbycusis. In addition, CCR3, GILZ, CXCL10, and CX3CR1 genes showed consistent difference between groups for both the gene chip and qRT-PCR data. The differences of CCR3 and GILZ between presbycusis patients and controls were statistically significant (p < 0.05).
authors.affiliation: Experimental Teaching Center, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Puzhao
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Haiyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Yuping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Jianrong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D019295:Computational Biology; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D007109:Immunity / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D011304:Presbycusis / Q000235:genetics*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000235:genetics
keywords: Gene chip; bioinformatics; chemokine receptor; immune response