title: The role of social support in anxiety and depression among Parkinson's disease patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore how social support is associated with anxiety and depression in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients controlling for gender, disease duration and disease severity.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample consisted of 124 patients (52.4% male; mean age 68.1 ± 8.4 years; mean disease duration 6.3 ± 5.5 years). Anxiety and depression were measured with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, social support with the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support and disease severity with the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale. Data were analyzed using linear regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gender, disease duration, disease severity and social support explained 31% of the total variance in anxiety in younger PD patients but did not significantly contribute to the explanation of depression. In the older group, this model explained 41% of the variance in depression but did not significantly contribute to the explanation of anxiety.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PD patients experience the positive influence of social support differently according to age. In the younger group, disease duration plays the primary role regarding anxiety. In the older group, poor social support especially from friends is associated with more depression after controlling for the relevant variables. Implications of Rehabilitation PD is a disease of older age with a neurodegenerative character and treatment should focus on increasing quality of life. Anxiety and depression are common co-morbidities in PD patients. The support network should also be screened regularly and involved in enhancing the quality of life.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School Kosice Institute for Society and Health .
authors.forename: Radka
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ghorbani Saeedian
authors.forename: Iveta
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nagyova
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krokavcova
authors.forename: Matej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Skorvanek
authors.forename: Jaroslav
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rosenberger
authors.forename: Zuzana
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gdovinova
authors.forename: Johan W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Groothoff
authors.forename: Jitse P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: van Dijk
mesh_terms: D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011788:Quality of Life; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012944:Social Support; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Anxiety; Parkinson’s disease; depression; social support