title: Expression of LRIG1 is associated with good prognosis and human papillomavirus status in oropharyngeal cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated oropharyngeal cancer has increased rapidly during the past decades. HPV is typically associated with a favourable outcome; however, a need exists for new and more effective prognostic and predictive markers for this disease. Leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains (LRIG)-1 is a tumour suppressor protein that belongs to the LRIG family. LRIG1 expression has prognostic significance in various human cancers, including cervical cancer, where HPV is a key aetiological agent.
  
  
  METHODS
  The prognostic value of LRIG1 and LRIG2 immunoreactivity was investigated in tumour specimens from a Swedish cohort of patients with tonsillar and base of tongue oropharyngeal cancers, including 278 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LRIG1 immunoreactivity correlated with disease-free survival and overall survival in univariate and multivariate analyses. Notably, patients with HPV-positive tumours with high LRIG1 staining intensity or a high percentage of LRIG1-positive cells showed a very good prognosis. Furthermore, LRIG1 expression correlated with HPV status, whereas LRIG2 expression inversely correlated with HPV status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Taken together, the results suggest that LRIG1 immunoreactivity could be a clinically important prognostic marker in HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lindquist
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Näsman
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Clinical Cytology, Central Hospital Falun, SE-791 29, Falun, Sweden.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tarján
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Henriksson
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Clinical Cytology, Central Hospital Falun, SE-791 29, Falun, Sweden.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tot
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dalianis
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hedman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009959:Oropharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality; D011379:Prognosis; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C484445:LRIG1 protein, human; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins