title: Anti-inflammatory activity of a methanol extract from Ardisia tinctoria on mouse macrophages and paw edema.
abstract: Ardisia tinctoria (AT) is a plant of the Myrsinaceae family. No studies on its anti-inflammatory effects have yet been reported. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of AT. A non-cytotoxic methanol extract of AT inhibited the expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), leading to significantly reduced levels of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and of two proteins regulated by these, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6, in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. The thickness of paw edema induced in vivo in mice by carrageenan administration was effectively reduced by the AT extract. Translocation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) subunit 65 (p65) into the nucleus and phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) and extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) were inhibited by the AT extract. Our results indicated that a methanol extract of AT downregulates the inflammatory response by blocking phosphorylation of MEK and ERK and activation of NF-κB. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of anti-inflammatory effects of an AT extract, and demonstrates its potential in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
authors.affiliation: Biomolecular Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305‑806, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hui-Seong
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136‑713, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji-Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ok-Kyoung
authors.initials: OK
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136‑713, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jea-Hong
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Biomolecular Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305‑806, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sei-Ryang
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Biomolecular Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305‑806, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyeong-Kyu
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources,Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi 10307, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Tran The
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Bach
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources,Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi 10307, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Bui Hong
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Quang
authors.affiliation: Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung-Seop
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Ahn
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D031644:Ardisia / Q000737:chemistry*; D002351:Carrageenan; D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004487:Edema / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D005121:Extremities / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000432:Methanol; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010936:Plant Extracts; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D002351:Carrageenan; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C077623:Ptgs2 protein, mouse; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; D015232:Dinoprostone; D000432:Methanol