title: A single-nucleotide polymorphism in tumor necrosis factor-α (-308 G/A) as a biomarker in chronic pancreatitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chronic pancreatitis is a gradual, long-term inflammation of the pancreas that results in alteration of its normal structure and function. The study aims to investigate the role of -308 (G/A) polymorphism of TNF-α gene in chronic pancreatitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 200 subjects were included in this case-control study. A total of 100 in patients admitted in the Gastroenterology Unit of Gandhi Hospital and Osmania General Hospital, Hyderabad were included in the present study. An equal number of healthy control subjects were randomly selected for the study. The genotyping of TNF-α gene was carried out by tetra-primer ARMS PCR followed by gel electrophoresis. The TNF-α levels were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant variation with respect to the genotypic and allelic distribution in the disease group when compared to control subjects [OR=2.001 (1.33-3.005), p<0.0001**] was observed. Subjects homozygous for the A allele had higher TNF-α levels compared to G allele.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study revealed a significant association of the TNF-α gene promoter polymorphism with chronic pancreatitis. Thus, TNF-α genotype can be considered as one of the biological markers in the etiology of chronic pancreatitis.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Genetics and Hospital for Genetic Diseases, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sri Manjari
authors.affiliation: Institute of Genetics and Hospital for Genetic Diseases, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jyothy
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Gandhi General Hospital, Secunderabad, India.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shravan Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Osmania General Hospital, Hyderabad, India.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Prabhakar
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Gandhi General Hospital, Secunderabad, India.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uma Devi
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Gandhi General Hospital, Secunderabad, India.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ramanna
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India.
authors.forename: Pratibha
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nallari
authors.affiliation: Institute of Genetics and Hospital for Genetic Diseases, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India. Electronic address: venkateshwari@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Venkateshwari
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D017931:DNA Primers; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D050500:Pancreatitis, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D017931:DNA Primers; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
keywords: Genotypes; Inflammation; Pancreatic fibrosis; Pancreatic stellate cells