title: A comparison of regular consumption of fresh lean pork, beef and chicken on body composition: a randomized cross-over trial.
abstract: Pork is the most widely eaten meat in the world and recent evidence shows that diets high in pork protein, with and without energy restriction, may have favourable effects on body composition. However, it is unclear whether these effects on body composition are specific to pork or whether consumption of other high protein meat diets may have the same benefit. Therefore we aimed to compare regular consumption of pork, beef and chicken on indices of adiposity. In a nine month randomised open-labelled cross-over intervention trial, 49 overweight or obese adults were randomly assigned to consume up to 1 kg/week of pork, chicken or beef, in an otherwise unrestricted diet for three months, followed by two further three month periods consuming each of the alternative meat options. BMI and waist/hip circumference were measured and body composition was determined using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Dietary intake was assessed using three day weighed food diaries. Energy expenditure was estimated from activity diaries. There was no difference in BMI or any other marker of adiposity between consumption of pork, beef and chicken diets. Similarly there were no differences in energy or nutrient intakes between diets. After three months, regular consumption of lean pork meat as compared to that of beef and chicken results in similar changes in markers of adiposity of overweight and obese Australian middle-aged men and women.
authors.affiliation: Nutritional Physiology Research Centre, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471 Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia. karen.murphy@unisa.edu.au.
authors.forename: Karen J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471 Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia. barbara.parker@unisa.edu.au.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.affiliation: Nutritional Physiology Research Centre, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471 Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia. kate.dyer@unisa.edu.au.
authors.forename: Kathryn A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Dyer
authors.affiliation: Nutritional Physiology Research Centre, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471 Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia. courtney.davis@mymail.unisa.edu.au.
authors.forename: Courtney R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.affiliation: Nutritional Physiology Research Centre, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471 Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia. alison.coates@unisa.edu.au.
authors.forename: Alison M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Coates
authors.affiliation: Nutritional Physiology Research Centre, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471 Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia. jon.buckley@unisa.edu.au.
authors.forename: Jonathan D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Buckley
authors.affiliation: Nutritional Physiology Research Centre, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471 Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia. peter.howe@newcastle.edu.au.
authors.forename: Peter R C
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Howe
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000818:Animals; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002417:Cattle; D002645:Chickens; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004032:Diet; D002149:Energy Intake; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013552:Swine; D055105:Waist Circumference