title: Validation of GDI, GPS and GVS for use in Parkinson's disease through evaluation of effects of subthalamic deep brain stimulation and levodopa.
abstract: The Gait Deviation Index (GDI), Gait Profile Score (GPS) and Gait Variable Scores (GVSs) have been proposed as measures of gait quality and validated for use with children with cerebral palsy. The aim of this study was to extend this validation to people with Parkinson's disease by evaluating the effects of subthalamic deep brain stimulation and levodopa on gait. 16 participants had their gait evaluated with stimulation, medication or a combination of both. The Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) showed statistically significant differences in agreement with previous studies. The GPS and GDI showed similar treatment effects as did GVS for hip and knee flexion/extension, as assessed with Cohen's d where medium or large. Overall the results suggest that these gait indices are sensitive to treatment in this group of patients and that their use in groups other than children with cerebral palsy is valid.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Science, Human Motion Analysis Laboratory, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: danispeciali@ig.com.br.
authors.forename: Danielli Souza
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Speciali
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Science, Human Motion Analysis Laboratory, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: jcorrea@uninove.br.
authors.forename: João Carlos Ferrari
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Corrêa
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: nmsluna@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Natália Mariana
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Luna
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rachael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brant
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: greve@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Julia Maria D'Andrea
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Greve
authors.affiliation: Movement Analysis Laboratory, Albert Einstein Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: w.godoy@einstein.br.
authors.forename: Wagner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: de Godoy
authors.affiliation: School of Health, Sport and Rehabilitation Science, The University of Salford, UK. Electronic address: R.J.Baker@salford.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Science, Human Motion Analysis Laboratory, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: paulolucareli@uninove.br.
authors.forename: Paulo Roberto Garcia
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Lucareli
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D020233:Gait Disorders, Neurologic / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007596:Joints / Q000503:physiopathology; D007980:Levodopa / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D010388:Pelvis / Q000503:physiopathology; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents; D007980:Levodopa
keywords: Deep brain stimulation; Gait; Gait Deviation Index; Gait Profile Score; Parkinson's disease