title: Emerging immunotherapies for rheumatoid arthritis.
abstract: Novel treatments in development for rheumatoid arthritis target 3 broad areas: cytokines, cells, and signaling pathways. Therapies from each domain share common advantages (for example previously demonstrated efficacy, potential long-term immunomodulation, and oral administration respectively) that have stimulated research in each area but also common obstacles to their development. In this review recent progress in each area will be discussed alongside the factors that have impeded their path to clinical use.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cellular Medicine; Musculoskeletal Research Group; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear UK.
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cellular Medicine; Musculoskeletal Research Group; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear UK.
authors.forename: Faye A H
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Cooles
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cellular Medicine; Musculoskeletal Research Group; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear UK.
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Isaacs
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cellular Medicine; Musculoskeletal Research Group; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear UK.
authors.forename: Catharien M U
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Hilkens
mesh_terms: D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends*
chemical_list: D007155:Immunologic Factors
keywords: anti-chemokine therapy; anti-cytokine therapy; biologics; cellular therapy; immunotherapy; rheumatoid arthritis; small molecule inhibitors