title: Expression of TGF-β1 in Wilms' tumor was associated with invasiveness and disease progression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To detect the expression of TGF-β1 in Wilms' tumor and association with disease progression.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunohistochemistry was used to examine TGF-β1 expression in 51 primary tumors and 17 invasions/metastases. Transient transfection was performed to establish Wilms' tumor cells with high TGF-β1 expression (TGF-β1-WT), and the expression level of TGF-β1 was detected by Western blot analysis. Invasive capacity of the transfected cells was evaluated by transwell analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The positive expression rate of TGF-β1 was 50.98% (26/51) and 82.35% (14/17) in primary WT tissues and associated invasive/metastatic tissues, respectively. The higher level of TGF-β1 expression in primary WT tumors was relative to invasion/metastasis (p = 0.048). The expression of TGF-β1 between primary WT and matched invasive/metastatic tissues was concordant (p = 0.219). TGF-β1-WT cells showed more invasive capacity than GFP-WT and WT cells. TGF-β1 expression status was associated with disease-free survival (DFS) (50.2 months vs. 75.4 months, p = 0.022) but not overall survival (OS) (62.3 months vs. 75.8 months, p = 0.141).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Positive expression of TGF-β1 in WT was correlated with tumor invasion and disease progression, which might be useful in identifying patients at high risk of unfavorable outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China.
authors.forename: Lijuan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China.
authors.forename: Yejun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China. Electronic address: shandawrd@163.com.
authors.forename: Rongde
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009392:Nephrectomy; D011379:Prognosis; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D009396:Wilms Tumor / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1
keywords: Invasiveness; Progression; Transforming growth factor β1; Wilms' tumor