title: Interventional psychiatry: how should psychiatric educators incorporate neuromodulation into training?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Interventional psychiatry is an emerging subspecialty that uses a variety of procedural neuromodulation techniques in the context of an electrocircuit-based view of mental dysfunction as proximal causes for psychiatric diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors propose the development of an interventional psychiatry-training paradigm analogous to those found in cardiology and neurology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The proposed comprehensive training in interventional psychiatry would include didactics in the theory, proposed mechanisms, and delivery of invasive and noninvasive brain stimulation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The development and refinement of this subspecialty would facilitate safe, effective growth in the field of brain stimulation by certified and credentialed practitioners within the field of psychiatry while also potentially improving the efficacy of current treatments.
authors.affiliation: Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA, willianr@musc.edu.
authors.forename: Nolan R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Joseph J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Jonathan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Snipes
authors.forename: E Baron
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Short
authors.forename: Edward M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Kantor
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: George
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003479:Curriculum / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency / Q000592:standards*; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D011570:Psychiatry / Q000193:education* / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents