title: The relation of radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis with stress and the efficiency of antioxidant treatment: an experimental study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Radiation-Induced Lung Injury has 2 components: radiation pneumonitis and radiation fibrosis. The pulmonary fibrosis has no known efficient treatment. The purpose of this study was to study the relationship between the oxidant/antioxidant status and pulmonary fibrosis in rats having radiation induced pulmonary fibrosis and to study the antioxidant effects of pentoxifylline, vitamin E, and vitamin C in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study rats were divided into 5 groups: Thoracic RT + vitamin E+ Pentoxifylline for group 1, Thoracic RT + vitamin C + Pentoxifylline for group 2, Thoracic RT + vitamin C + vitamin E + Pentoxifylline for group 3, and Thoracic RT + Pentoxifylline for group 4, and group 5 was the control group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When groups are evaluated in pairs, significant differences between group 1 and 2, group 1 and 4, and group 1 and 5 were determined (p: 0.002, p: 0.002, p<0.001, respectively). No significant difference was determined between group 1 and 3 (p: 0.161). No significant difference was determined between group 2 and group 3, 4, and 5 (p: 0.105, p: 0.645, p: 0.234, respectively). There was no significant difference between group 4 and 5 (p: 0.645).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of vitamin E and pentoxifylline is efficient in preventing radiation-induced lung fibrosis. The additional benefit of vitamin C, which is added to this combination to increase the antioxidant activity, cannot be shown. It would be useful to investigate the combination of vitamin E, pentoxifylline, and other non-enzymatic antioxidants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Süleyman Demirel University School of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey.
authors.forename: Vildan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kaya
authors.affiliation: Department of Chest Surgery, Süleyman Demirel University School of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey.
authors.forename: Rasih
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yazkan
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Ministry of Health Batman Regional Government Hospital, Batman, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yıldırım
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Süleyman Demirel University School of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey.
authors.forename: Duygu Kumbul
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Doğuç
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Dinç
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Süren
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Süleyman Demirel University School of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey.
authors.forename: Kemal Kürşat
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Bozkurt
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Süleyman Demirel University School of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey.
authors.forename: Özlem
authors.initials: Ö
authors.lastname: Yüksel
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Ministry of Health Batman Regional Government Hospital, Batman, Turkey.
authors.forename: Özlem
authors.initials: Ö
authors.lastname: Demırpence
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Izmir University School of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Cenk Ahmet
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Şen
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Süleyman Demirel University School of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ayşen Yeşim
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Yalçın
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D006652:Histological Techniques; D010431:Pentoxifylline / Q000494:pharmacology; D011658:Pulmonary Fibrosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology*; D011833:Radiation Injuries, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D051381:Rats; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D014810:Vitamin E; D001205:Ascorbic Acid; D010431:Pentoxifylline