title: Casein kinase 1 epsilon expression predicts poorer prognosis in low T-stage oral cancer patients.
abstract: Casein kinase 1 is a group of ubiquitous serine/threonine kinases that are involved in normal cellular functions and several pathological conditions, such as DNA repair, cell cycle progression, cytokinesis, differentiation, and apoptosis. Recent studies have indicated that casein kinase 1-epsilon (CK1ε) and casein kinase 1-delta (CK1δ) expression has a role in human cancers. We investigated the associations between CK1ε and CK1δ expression and the clinical parameters of oral cancer using immunohistochemical study methods on oral squamous cell carcinoma specimens. The results of our immunohistochemical analysis showed that the loss of CK1ε expression was greatly associated with a poor four-year survival rate in oral cancer patients (p = 0.002). A Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients who had a loss of CK1ε expression had a considerably poorer overall survival rate than patients who had positive CK1ε expressions (p = 0.022). A univariate analysis revealed that patients who had a loss of CK1ε expression had considerably poorer overall survival (OS) than patients who had positive expression (p = 0.024, hazard ratio (HR) = 1.7). In conclusion, our data indicated that the loss of cytoplasmic CK1ε expression is greatly associated with poor survival and might be an adverse survival factor.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan. tomhong3@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Shu-Hui
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan. tomhong3@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Yueh-Min
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan. tomhong3@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Chung-Min
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan. tomhong3@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Chih-Jung
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Tumor Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan. 135442@cch.org.tw.
authors.forename: Mei-Wen
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Technology, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli 356, Taiwan. tomhong3@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Hsiao-Fang
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan. 10159@cch.org.tw.
authors.forename: Kun-Tu
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan. ysf@csmu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Shun-Fa
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D048149:Casein Kinase 1 epsilon / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D048149:Casein Kinase 1 epsilon