title: Anti-mutagenicity Effects of Vitamin E on Oncology and Non-oncology Hospital Nurses by Ames Assay.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study is to determine the anti-mutagenic effects of Vitamin E among nurses of oncology and non-oncology hospitals exposed to chemotherapy drugs. Several studies have demonstrated that nurses occupationally exposes to cytostatic drugs.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 138 female nurses from oncology and non-oncology hospitals participated in the study. All urine samples of nurses before and after Vitamin E consumption (200 mg/day) were evaluated by Ames Salmonella typhimorium mutagenicity test using histidine negative of tester strain TA100 with and without S-9mix. In all steps the collected urine samples extracts were prepared using amberlit XAD-2 resins and examined for mutagenicity activity. The data of Ames assay were analyzed with Anova one way and t-test statistical.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the present study 25% of oncology nursing staff excrete carcinogenic compounds in their urine and oral consumption of Vitamin E for two weeks showed significant anti-mutagenic effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It was appeared that the urinary mutagenic activity will decrease by receiving Vitamin E. However, after Vitamin E consumption there was significantly depletion of urinary mutagenic activity in urine extracts among the exposed nursing personnel.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that mild effects of Vitamin E against poor safety and significant adverse events among nurses handling cytotoxic drugs. There is, therefore, a need to improve the safety of the work environment, make available protective equipment, develop standard practice guidelines for oncology nurses and higher therapeutic doses of Vitamin E may be a promising compound for reducing mutagenic effects of anti-neoplastic drugs among oncology hospital nurses.
authors.affiliation: Research Scholar, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz-Iran .
authors.forename: Majid
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rezaei-Basiri
authors.affiliation: Research Scholar, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz-Iran .
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rezazadeh
authors.affiliation: Research Scholar, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz-Iran .
authors.forename: Iraj
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Aswadi-Kermani
authors.affiliation: Research Scholar, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz-Iran .
authors.forename: Mahmud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghazi-Khansari
keywords: Ames assay; Nurses; Urine extracts; Vitamin E