title: Luteolin inhibits matrix metalloproteinase 9 and 2 in azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis.
abstract: The present investigation deals with the antimetastatic role of luteolin (LUT) by inhibiting matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and -2 in azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colon carcinogenesis in Balb/C mice. Animals received AOM at a dosage of 15 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally once a week for 3 weeks. AOM-induced mice was treated with LUT (1.2 mg of LUT/kg body weight/day orally). After the experimental period, the tumor markers such as γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT), 5' nucleotidase (5'ND), cathepsin-D (Cat-D), and carcinoembroyonic antigen (CEA) were elevated upon induction with AOM. Subsequent treatment with LUT results in the reduction of the tumor markers was recorded. The expressions of MMP-9 and MMP-2 were analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunofluorescence methods. The expressions of MMP-9 and MMP-2 were increased during AOM induction and upon treatment with LUT reduced the expressions. RT-PCR analysis of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP)-2 was limited during AOM-induced colorectal cancer (CRC). Supplementation of LUT increased the expression of TIMP-2. To conclude, LUT acts as an antimetastatic agent by suppressing MMP-9 and MMP-2 productions and upregulating TIMP-2 expression, thereby suggesting that LUT can be a chemotherapeutic agent against CRC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Cell Biology, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Pandurangan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Cell Biology, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dharmalingam
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Cell Biology, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: S K A
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Sadagopan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Cell Biology, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India sudhandiran@yahoo.com sudhandiran@unom.ac.in.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ganapasam
mesh_terms: D015720:5'-Nucleotidase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001397:Azoxymethane; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D002273:Carcinogens; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D047311:Luteolin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 / Q000235:genetics; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D002273:Carcinogens; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase; D015720:5'-Nucleotidase; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; C522362:Mmp2 protein, mouse; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; C501830:Mmp9 protein, mouse; D047311:Luteolin; D001397:Azoxymethane
keywords: Azoxymethane; MMP; TIMP-2; colon cancer; luteolin