title: Socio-economic factors and use of maternal health services are associated with delayed initiation and non-exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia: secondary analysis of Indonesia Demographic and Health Surveys 2002/2003 and 2007.
abstract: This analysis aims to examine factors associated with delayed initiation and non-exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia. Data were derived from the 2002/2003 and 2007 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey. Information from 12,191 singleton live-born infants aged 0-23 months was used to examine factors associated with delayed initiation of breastfeeding. Furthermore, information from 3,187 singleton live-born infants aged 0-5 months was used to identify factors associated with non-exclusive breastfeeding. Associations between potential predictors and study outcomes were examined using logistic regression. Our study found that infants from high household wealth-index had significantly increased odds of both delayed initiation and non-exclusive breastfeeding. Other factors associated with an increased odds of delayed initiation of breastfeeding included infants from Sumatera region (OR=1.64, 95% CI: 1.38-1.95), Caesarean-section deliveries (OR=1.84, 95% CI: 1.39-2.44) and deliveries in government-owned (OR=1.38, 95% CI: 1.08-1.76) and non-health facility (OR=1.20, 95% CI: 1.00-1.43). Other factors associated with an increased odds for non-exclusive breastfeeding included parents who were in the workforce (OR=1.37, 95% CI: 1.06-1.78) and mothers with obstetric complication at childbirth (OR=1.35, 95% CI: 1.05-1.74). However, the odds reduced for infants from Eastern Indonesia (OR=0.64, 95% CI: 0.49-0.85). Poor breastfeeding practices are associated with environmental, socio-economic, pregnancy-birthing characteristics and maternal health services factors. Efforts to promote breastfeeding practices should be conducted comprehensively to target population at risk for poor breastfeeding practices.
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Research Universitas Indonesia (CHR-UI), Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia Tel: +62 21 727 0154; Fax: +62 21 727 0153 Email: christiana_rialine@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Christiana R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Titaley
authors.forename: Philips C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Loh
authors.forename: Sabarinah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Prasetyo
authors.forename: Iwan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ariawan
authors.forename: Anuraj H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Shankar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001942:Breast Feeding / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006293:Health Promotion; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007214:Indonesia; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016015:Logistic Models; D008427:Maternal Health Services; D011247:Pregnancy; D012424:Rural Population; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors