title: Determinants of effective heart failure self-care: a systematic review of patients' and caregivers' perceptions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Disease management interventions for heart failure (HF) are inconsistent and very seldom incorporate the views and needs of patients and their caregivers into intervention design.
  To improve intervention effectiveness and consistency, a systematic review identified 49 studies which examined the views and needs of patients with HF and their caregivers about the nature and determinants of effective HF self-care.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The findings identify key drivers of effective self-care, such as the capacity of patients to successfully integrate self-care practices with their preferred normal daily life patterns and recognise and respond to HF symptoms in a timely manner.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Future interventions for HF self-care must involve family members throughout the intervention and harness patients' normal daily routines.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, , Edmonton, Canada.
authors.forename: Alexander M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Melisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Spaling
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Harkness
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Spiers
authors.forename: Patricia H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Strachan
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Kay
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Currie
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D012648:Self Care / Q000523:psychology*; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile