title: Control of cytoplasmic and nuclear protein kinase A by phosphodiesterases and phosphatases in cardiac myocytes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) mediates β-adrenoceptor (β-AR) regulation of cardiac contraction and gene expression. Whereas PKA activity is well characterized in various subcellular compartments of adult cardiomyocytes, its regulation in the nucleus remains largely unknown. The aim of the present study was to compare the modalities of PKA regulation in the cytoplasm and nucleus of cardiomyocytes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cytoplasmic and nuclear cAMP and PKA activity were measured with targeted fluorescence resonance energy transfer probes in adult rat ventricular myocytes. β-AR stimulation with isoprenaline (Iso) led to fast cAMP elevation in both compartments, whereas PKA activity was fast in the cytoplasm but markedly slower in the nucleus. Iso was also more potent and efficient in activating cytoplasmic than nuclear PKA. Similar slow kinetics of nuclear PKA activation was observed upon adenylyl cyclase activation with L-858051 or phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibition with 3-isobutyl-1-methylxantine. Consistently, pulse stimulation with Iso (15 s) maximally induced PKA and myosin-binding protein C phosphorylation in the cytoplasm, but marginally activated PKA and cAMP response element-binding protein phosphorylation in the nucleus. Inhibition of PDE4 or ablation of the Pde4d gene in mice prolonged cytoplasmic PKA activation and enhanced nuclear PKA responses. In the cytoplasm, phosphatase 1 (PP1) and 2A (PP2A) contributed to the termination of PKA responses, whereas only PP1 played a role in the nucleus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study reveals a differential integration of cytoplasmic and nuclear PKA responses to β-AR stimulation in cardiac myocytes. This may have important implications in the physiological and pathological hypertrophic response to β-AR stimulation.
authors.affiliation: INSERM UMR-S 769, Châtenay-Malabry, France.
authors.forename: Zeineb
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Haj Slimane
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bedioune
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lechêne
authors.forename: Audrey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Varin
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lefebvre
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mateo
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Domergue-Dupont
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dewenter
authors.forename: Wito
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Conti
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: El-Armouche
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Rodolphe
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fischmeister
authors.forename: Grégoire
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vandecasteele
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000502:physiology; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011941:Receptors, Adrenergic / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D011941:Receptors, Adrenergic; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases; D007545:Isoproterenol
keywords: 3′–5′-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases; Compartmentation; Nucleus; Ser/Thr protein phosphatases; cAMP-dependent protein kinase