title: Bath salts: a newly recognized cause of acute kidney injury.
abstract: Bath salts are substance of abuse that are becoming more common and are difficult to recognize due to negative toxicology screening. Acute kidney injury due to bath salt use has not previously been described. We present the case of a previously healthy male who developed acute kidney injury and dialysis dependence after bath salt ingestion and insufflation. This was self-reported with negative toxicology screening. Clinical course was marked by severe hyperthermia, hyperkalemia, rhabdomyolysis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, oliguria, and sepsis. We discuss signs and symptoms, differential diagnoses, potential mechanisms of injury, management, and review of the literature related to bath salt toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McNeely
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
authors.forename: Samir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Parikh
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Valentine
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
authors.forename: Nabil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Haddad
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
authors.forename: Ganesh
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shidham
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
authors.forename: Brad
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rovin
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
authors.forename: Lee
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hebert
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
authors.forename: Anil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Agarwal