title: Role of phosphate fertilizers in heavy metal uptake and detoxification of toxic metals.
abstract: As a nonrenewable resource, phosphorus (P) is the second most important macronutrient for plant growth and nutrition. Demand of phosphorus application in the agricultural production is increasing fast throughout the globe. The bioavailability of phosphorus is distinctively low due to its slow diffusion and high fixation in soils which make phosphorus a key limiting factor for crop production. Applications of phosphorus-based fertilizers improve the soil fertility and agriculture yield but at the same time concerns over a number of factors that lead to environmental damage need to be addressed properly. Phosphate rock mining leads to reallocation and exposure of several heavy metals and radionuclides in crop fields and water bodies throughout the world. Proper management of phosphorus along with its fertilizers is required that may help the maximum utilization by plants and minimum run-off and wastage. Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria along with the root rhizosphere of plant integrated with root morphological and physiological adaptive strategies need to be explored further for utilization of this extremely valuable nonrenewable resource judiciously. The main objective of this review is to assess the role of phosphorus in fertilizers, their uptake along with other elements and signaling during P starvation.
authors.affiliation: Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Radioökologie und Strahlenschutz (IRS), Herrenhäuser Str. 2, Gebäude 4113, D-30419 Hannover, Germany. Electronic address: guptadk1971@gmail.com.
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Defence Research Laboratory, DRDO, Post Bag 2, Tezpur 784001, Assam, India.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chatterjee
authors.affiliation: Defence Research Laboratory, DRDO, Post Bag 2, Tezpur 784001, Assam, India.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Datta
authors.affiliation: Defence Research Laboratory, DRDO, Post Bag 2, Tezpur 784001, Assam, India.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Veer
authors.affiliation: Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Radioökologie und Strahlenschutz (IRS), Herrenhäuser Str. 2, Gebäude 4113, D-30419 Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Walther
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D001692:Biological Transport; D005308:Fertilizers / Q000032:analysis*; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D010710:Phosphates / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D010944:Plants / Q000378:metabolism*; D058441:Rhizosphere; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D005308:Fertilizers; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D010710:Phosphates; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D010758:Phosphorus
keywords: Detoxification; Heavy metal; Phosphate fertilizer; Phytoremediation; Uptake