title: Event-related potential measures of gap detection threshold during natural sleep.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The minimum time interval between two stimuli that can be reliably detected is called the gap detection threshold. The present study examines whether an unconscious state, natural sleep affects the gap detection threshold.
  
  
  METHODS
  Event-related potentials were recorded in 10 young adults while awake and during all-night sleep to provide an objective estimate of this threshold. These subjects were presented with 2, 4, 8 or 16ms gaps occurring in 1.5 duration white noise.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During wakefulness, a significant N1 was elicited for the 8 and 16ms gaps. N1 was difficult to observe during stage N2 sleep, even for the longest gap. A large P2 was however elicited and was significant for the 8 and 16ms gaps. Also, a later, very large N350 was elicited by the 16ms gap. An N1 and P2 was significant only for the 16ms gap during REM sleep.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ERPs to gaps occurring in noise segments can therefore be successfully elicited during natural sleep. The gap detection threshold is similar in the waking and sleeping states.
authors.affiliation: Defence Research and Development Canada, Toronto, Canada. Electronic address: alexandra.muller-gass@drdc-rddc.gc.ca.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Muller-Gass
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Canada. Electronic address: kcampbel@uottawa.ca.
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Campbell
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000328:Adult; D004056:Differential Threshold; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005071:Evoked Potentials; D005072:Evoked Potentials, Auditory / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D012016:Reference Values; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D012894:Sleep Stages / Q000502:physiology; D012895:Sleep, REM / Q000502:physiology; D013067:Speech Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: ERPs; Gap detection; N1; Objective threshold detection; P2; Sleep