title: HPV infection in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and its relationship to the prognosis of patients in northern China.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Human papillomavirus (HPV) as a risk factor for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has previously been studied, but importance of HPV status in ESCC for prognosis is less clear.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 105 specimens with ESCC were tested by in situ hybridization for HPV 16/18 and immunohistochemistry for p16 expression. The 5-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival were calculated in relation to these markers and the Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine the hazard ratio (HR) of variables in univariate and multivariate analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HPV was detected in 27.6% (29) of the 105 patients with ESCC, and all positive cases were HPV-16. Twenty-five (86.2%) of the 29 HPV-positive tumors were stained positive for p16. HPV infected patients had better 5-year rates of OS (65.9% versus 43.4% among patients with HPV-negative tumors; P = 0.002 by the log-rank test) and had a 63% reduction in the risk of death (adjusted HR = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.16 to 0.82, and P = 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HPV infection may be one of many factors contributing to the development of ESCC and tumor HPV status is an independent prognostic factor for survival among patients with ESCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan 250012, China ; Department of Oncology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng 252000, China.
authors.forename: Fangli
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng 252000, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Zibo, Zibo 255000, China.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng 252000, China.
authors.forename: Baozhong
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng 252000, China.
authors.forename: Yanwen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng 252000, China.
authors.forename: Guiming
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasound, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng 252000, China.
authors.forename: Miao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng 252000, China.
authors.forename: Yubo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan 250012, China.
authors.forename: Yufeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D052685:Alphapapillomavirus / Q000235:genetics; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D002681:China; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 / Q000378:metabolism; D004279:DNA, Viral; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D000077277:Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000150:complications*; D011379:Prognosis
chemical_list: D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; D004279:DNA, Viral