title: Supraorbital and supratrochlear stimulation for trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias.
abstract: Trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (TAC) is a rare primary headache disorder with challenging and limited treatment options for those unfortunate patients with severe and refractory pain. This article will review the conventional pharmacologic treatments as well as the new neuromodulation techniques designed to offer alternative and less invasive treatments. These techniques have evolved from the treatment of migraine headache, a much more common headache syndrome, and expanded towards application in patients with TAC. Specifically, the article will discuss the targeting of the supratrochlear and supraorbital nerves, both terminal branches of the trigeminal nerve.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, jvaisman@painandwellnesscenter.com.
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vaisman
authors.forename: Edrick
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.forename: Nicholas K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Muraoka
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D004651:Employment; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D059020:Suicidal Ideation; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D051303:Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgias / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D014321:Trochlear Nerve / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents