title: Tuning cell autophagy by diversifying carbon nanotube surface chemistry.
abstract: The induction of autophagy by nanoparticles causes nanotoxicity, but appropriate modulation of autophagy by nanoparticles may have therapeutic potential. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) interact with cell membranes and membrane-associated molecules before and after internalization. These interactions alter cellular signaling and impact major cell functions such as cell cycle, apoptosis, and autophagy. In this work, we demonstrated that MWCNT-cell interactions can be modulated by varying densely distributed surface ligands on MWCNTs. Using a fluorescent autophagy-reporting cell line, we evaluated the autophagy induction capability of 81 surface-modified MWCNTs. We identified strong and moderate autophagy-inducing MWCNTs as well as those that did not induce autophagy. Variation of the surface ligand structure of strong autophagy nanoinducers led to the induction of different autophagy-activating signaling pathways, presumably through their different interactions with cell surface receptors.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University , Jinan, 250100, China.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Chengke
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xuehui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Shumei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhai
authors.forename: Yin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Changlong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Guangbo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.forename: Guibin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yan
mesh_terms: D001343:Autophagy / Q000187:drug effects*; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D050997:Nanomedicine; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013499:Surface Properties; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases