title: Alcoholic and isocaloric diet, but not ovariectomy, influence the apoptosis of bone cells within the alveolar bone crest of rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Studies suggest that chronic alcoholism as well as oestrogen deficiencies may affect bones in general, including alveolar bone and, by doing so, increase individuals' susceptibility to develop progressive periodontal disease. This paper aims to verify the influence of chronic alcoholism and/or oestrogen deficiencies in the apoptosis of bone cells of the alveolar bone crest region in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Initially, 54 rats were divided into ovariectomized (Ovx) and Sham operated (Sham) groups. Thirty days after surgery, these two groups were equally sub-divided, and received, for 56 days, the following dietary intervention: alcoholic diet (with 20% alcohol solution,), isocaloric diet and ad libitum diet (free diet). Analysis was undertaken by immunohistochemistry, using an antibody to detect apoptosis (anti PARP p-85).
  
  
  RESULTS
  When comparing the six experimental groups, no significant differences were observed in the apoptosis of bone cells. Also, there was no significant difference in the quantity of cells undergoing apoptosis when the animals from Ovx groups were compared with those from Sham groups. However, when comparing only different dietary groups, differences were observed between the groups ad libitum and isocaloric, to osteoblasts (p=0.045); and ad libitum and alcohol, to osteocytes (p=0.007).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is concluded that ovariectomy was not able to influence the rate of apoptosis of bone cells of the alveolar bone crest region in rats and that a possible influence of diet on apoptosis of osteoblasts and osteocytes cannot be ruled out.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences and Diagnostics, Institute of Science and Technology, UNESP - State University of Sao Paulo, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adriana Mathias Pereira da Silva
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Marchini
authors.affiliation: Restorative Dentistry Department, Institute of Science and Technology, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lucélia Lemes
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences and Diagnostics, Institute of Science and Technology, UNESP - State University of Sao Paulo, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Miriane Carneiro Machado
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Salgado
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences and Diagnostics, Institute of Science and Technology, UNESP - State University of Sao Paulo, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Renata Falchete
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: do Prado
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA. Electronic address: leonardo-marchini@uiowa.edu.
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Marchini
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences and Diagnostics, Institute of Science and Technology, UNESP - State University of Sao Paulo, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Yasmin Rodarte
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences and Diagnostics, Institute of Science and Technology, UNESP - State University of Sao Paulo, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rosilene Fernandes
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: da Rocha
mesh_terms: D000437:Alcoholism / Q000150:complications*; D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000473:pathology*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D015519:Bone Density; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000209:etiology*; D010052:Ovariectomy; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
keywords: Alcoholism; Apoptosis; Osteoporosis; Ovariectomy; Periodontium