title: Evaluation of Raman spectroscopic macro raster scans of native cervical cone biopsies using histopathological mapping.
abstract: Raman spectroscopy based discrimination of cervical precancer and normal tissue has been shown previously in vivo with fiber probe based measurements of colposcopically selected sites. With a view to developing in vivo large area imaging, macro raster scans of native cervical cone biopsies with an average of 200 spectra per sample are implemented (n=16). The diagnostic performance is evaluated using histopathological mapping of the cervix surface. Different data reduction and classification methods (principal component analysis, wavelets, k-nearest neighbors, logistic regression, partial least squares discriminant analysis) are compared. Using bootstrapping to estimate confidence intervals for sensitivity and specificity, it is concluded that differences among different spectra classification procedures are not significant. The classification performance is evaluated depending on the tissue pathologies included in the analysis using the average performance of different classification procedures. The highest sensitivity (91%) and specificity (81%) is obtained for the discrimination of normal squamous epithelium and high-grade precancer. When other non-high-grade tissue sites, such as columnar epithelium, metaplasia, and inflammation, are included, the diagnostic performance decreases.
authors.affiliation: Laser- und Medizin-Technologie GmbH, Berlin (LMTB), Fabeckstraße 60-62, 14195 BerlinbTechnical University Berlin, Institute for Optics and Atomic Physics, 10587 Berlin.
authors.forename: Carina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Reble
authors.affiliation: Laser- und Medizin-Technologie GmbH, Berlin (LMTB), Fabeckstraße 60-62, 14195 Berlin.
authors.forename: Ingo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gersonde
authors.affiliation: Laser- und Medizin-Technologie GmbH, Berlin (LMTB), Fabeckstraße 60-62, 14195 Berlin.
authors.forename: Cathrin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dressler
authors.affiliation: Laser- und Medizin-Technologie GmbH, Berlin (LMTB), Fabeckstraße 60-62, 14195 Berlin.
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Helfmann
authors.affiliation: Gyn-Zentrum-Berlin, Albrechtstraße 48, 12167 BerlindKlinik für Gynäkologie, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200 Berlin.
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kühn
authors.affiliation: Laser- und Medizin-Technologie GmbH, Berlin (LMTB), Fabeckstraße 60-62, 14195 BerlinbTechnical University Berlin, Institute for Optics and Atomic Physics, 10587 Berlin.
authors.forename: Hans Joachim
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Eichler
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001706:Biopsy; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D005260:Female; D006651:Histocytochemistry / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000379:methods*; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D055815:Young Adult