title: Chemosystematic identification of fifteen new cocaine-bearing Erythroxylum cultigens grown in Colombia for illicit cocaine production.
abstract: Colombian coca farmers have historically cultivated three varieties of coca for cocaine production (Erythroxylum novogranatense var. novogranatense, Erythroxylum novogranatense var. truxillense, and Erythroxylum coca var. ipadu). Within the past 13 years, 15 new cultigens of cocaine-bearing Erythroxylum have been propagated by Colombian coca farmers; each with differing physical characteristics, yet producing cocaine alkaloids at similar levels found in the historical and native varieties. Fifteen new cultigens were collected from throughout Colombia and propagated along with the three historical varieties within an experimental field in Colombia. Five plants/cultigen were randomly selected and examined for alkaloid content to determine their varietal characteristics when compared to the three known varieties. Ten cultigens gave classic Erythroxylum coca var. ipadu alkaloid profiles, four cultigens produced alkaloid profiles consistent with a hybridization of Erythroxylum novogranatense and Erythroxylum coca var. ipadu, while one cultigen gave heterogeneous alkaloid profiles that could not be characterized.
authors.affiliation: Special Testing and Research Laboratory, Drug Enforcement Administration, U.S. Department of Justice, Dulles, VA 20166-9509, United States. Electronic address: John.f.casale@usdoj.gov.
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Casale
authors.affiliation: Special Testing and Research Laboratory, Drug Enforcement Administration, U.S. Department of Justice, Dulles, VA 20166-9509, United States.
authors.forename: Jennifer R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Mallette
authors.affiliation: Special Testing and Research Laboratory, Drug Enforcement Administration, U.S. Department of Justice, Dulles, VA 20166-9509, United States.
authors.forename: Laura M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D000470:Alkaloids / Q000737:chemistry; D003042:Cocaine / Q000032:analysis*; D003105:Colombia; D030921:Erythroxylaceae / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification; D005410:Flame Ionization; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs / Q000032:analysis*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D013287:Illicit Drugs; D003042:Cocaine
keywords: Alkaloid analysis; Chemotaxonomy; Cocaine; Cultigen; Erythroxylum; Forensic chemistry