title: Effect of chlorhexidine and ethanol-wet bonding with a hydrophobic adhesive to intraradicular dentine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of adjunctive application of ethanol-wet bonding and chlorhexidine (CHX) with a hydrophobic adhesive on bond durability of fibre posts to intraradicular dentine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-six extracted human teeth with a single root and root canal were prepared for post placement after endodontic treatment. The teeth were randomly divided into four groups (n=24) after etching and rinsing for rewetting: Group 1: water-wet bonding, Group 2: water-wet bonding with CHX, Group 3: ethanol-wet bonding and Group 4: ethanol-wet bonding with CHX. Teeth in Groups 1 and 2 were treated with either distilled water or distilled water with 2% CHX for 60 s; while teeth in Groups 3 and 4 were treated with either 100% ethanol or 100% ethanol with 2% CHX. Two coats of primer, followed by neat resin were applied and light-cured for 40 s. Fibre posts were luted to bonded root dentine using dual-cure resin cement. Bonded roots were subjected to push-out bond strength testing and interfacial nanoleakage evaluation after 24 h, 6 and 12 months of storage. Data were analyzed using 3-way ANOVA (rewetting solutions, time and post space regions) and SNK tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Groups 3 and 4 showed significantly (p<0.05) higher bond strengths and lower nanoleakage than Groups 1 and 2 after 12 months of ageing. Addition of 2% chlorhexidine to ethanol-wet bonding with a hydrophobic adhesive did not further improve the bonding of a fibre post to intraradicular dentine, when compared to ethanol-wet bonding alone after 12 months of ageing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ethanol-wet bonding with a hydrophobic adhesive alone could improve the bond durability of fibre post to intraradicular dentine and therefore would increase the success rate of post and core restorations of endodontically treated teeth.
authors.affiliation: Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
authors.forename: Manikandan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ekambaram
authors.affiliation: Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Electronic address: ckyyiu@hkucc.hku.hk.
authors.forename: Cynthia Kar Yung
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Yiu
authors.affiliation: Dental Material Science, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
authors.forename: Jukka Pekka
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Matinlinna
authors.affiliation: Comprehensive Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
authors.forename: Jeffrey Wen Wei
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Franklin Russell
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Tay
authors.affiliation: Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Western Australia, Oral Health Centre of WA, Australia.
authors.forename: Nigel Martyn
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: King
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000737:chemistry*; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods*; D003763:Dental Leakage / Q000145:classification; D003804:Dentin / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D055115:Light-Curing of Dental Adhesives / Q000379:methods; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D011176:Post and Core Technique / Q000295:instrumentation; D011897:Random Allocation; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000379:methods; D012464:Saliva, Artificial / Q000737:chemistry; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013997:Time Factors; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D019553:Tooth, Nonvital / Q000473:pathology; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; D019279:Resin Cements; D012464:Saliva, Artificial; D014867:Water; C020946:triethylene glycol dimethacrylate; D000431:Ethanol; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; D002710:Chlorhexidine
keywords: Chlorhexidine; Ethanol-wet bonding; Fibre posts; Nanoleakage; Push-out bond strength