title: Modifications to Norman's procedure for hypermobility of the TMJ.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Norman's procedure is a well known surgical technique for the hypermobility of temporomandibular joint. In this procedure after performing glenotemporal osteotomy the augmentation of the zygomatic root of the temporal bone is done by placing a bone graft from the iliac crest to prevent forward movement of the condyle beyond the eminence. This paper describes the clinical outcome of two modifications added to Norman's procedure. In addition to the conventional procedure inferiorly based pedicled flap from the temporal fascia was sutured to the antero-lateral aspect of the capsule. Intraorally pterygoid disjunction was carried out only in those case in which hypermobility was associated with painful temporomandibular joint disorder.
  
  
  METHODS
  Modified Norman's procedure was performed in 10 patients (4 females & 6 males), 7 of them were bilateral and 3 cases were unilateral under general anesthesia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After one year follow up in none of the cases graft failed or rejected though recurrence along with TMJ pain was noticed in 2 cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This technique is versatile but long-term follow up on a larger number of patients is necessary to be able to draw definitive conclusions.
authors.affiliation: Graded Specialist, Dept of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, HQ IMTRAT, C/O 99 APO, Bhutan.
authors.forename: Rohit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sharma
keywords: Dislocation; Norman's procedure; Pterygoid disjunction; Subluxation; Temporofascial flap