title: Prediction and comparison of downlink electric-field and uplink localised SAR values for realistic indoor wireless planning.
abstract: In this paper, for the first time a heuristic network calculator for both whole-body exposure due to indoor base station antennas or access points (downlink exposure) and localised exposure due to the mobile device (uplink exposure) in indoor wireless networks is presented. As an application, three phone call scenarios are investigated (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) macrocell, UMTS femtocell and WiFi voice-over-IP) and compared with respect to the electric-field strength and localised specific absorption rate (SAR) distribution. Prediction models are created and successfully validated with an accuracy of 3 dB. The benefits of the UMTS power control mechanisms are demonstrated. However, dependent on the macrocell connection quality and on the user's average phone call connection time, also the macrocell solution might be preferential from an exposure point of view for the considered scenario.
authors.affiliation: Department of Information Technology, Wireless & Cable, iMinds/Ghent University, G. Crommenlaan 8 box 201, Ghent B-9050, Belgium david.plets@intec.ugent.be.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Plets
authors.affiliation: Department of Information Technology, Wireless & Cable, iMinds/Ghent University, G. Crommenlaan 8 box 201, Ghent B-9050, Belgium.
authors.forename: Wout
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Joseph
authors.affiliation: Department of Information Technology, Wireless & Cable, iMinds/Ghent University, G. Crommenlaan 8 box 201, Ghent B-9050, Belgium.
authors.forename: Sam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aerts
authors.affiliation: Department of Information Technology, Wireless & Cable, iMinds/Ghent University, G. Crommenlaan 8 box 201, Ghent B-9050, Belgium.
authors.forename: Kris
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vanhecke
authors.affiliation: Department of Information Technology, Wireless & Cable, iMinds/Ghent University, G. Crommenlaan 8 box 201, Ghent B-9050, Belgium.
authors.forename: Günter
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vermeeren
authors.affiliation: Department of Information Technology, Wireless & Cable, iMinds/Ghent University, G. Crommenlaan 8 box 201, Ghent B-9050, Belgium.
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Martens
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D040421:Cell Phone; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields / Q000009:adverse effects; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D006801:Humans; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011834:Radiation Monitoring / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011846:Radio Waves / Q000009:adverse effects*; D059015:Wireless Technology / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data