title: Antiproliferative effects of n-butyl-β-D-fructofuranoside from Kangaisan on Bel-7402 cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Kangaisan is a powdered compound prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine which has been used in cancers for many years in Hubei province, China. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antitumor effects of Kangaisan and screen bioactive components.
  
  
  METHODS
  3-(4,5-Dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, flow cytometry, DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) fragmentation assay, Western blot, and real time-polymerase chain reaction were used to investigate the antiproliferation effect of n-butyl-β-D-fructofuranoside on Bel-7402 cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  All experiments were performed in triplicate and the results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Statistical analysis was performed with analysis of variance using Origin 8.0 software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was illustrated that treatment of Bel-7402 cells with various concentrations of n-butyl-β-D-fructofuranoside resulted in growth inhibition in both a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. The arrest of G₀/G₁ phase was also induced (P < 0.05). The increasing of sub-G₁ cell population indicated the apoplectic characteristic (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the emerging of DNA fragmentation and the increase of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and p53 expression suggested the possible mitochondrial apoptotic pathway (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results illustrate that Kangaisan showed anticancer effects and n-butyl-β-D-fructofuranoside extracted from Kangaisan can suppress Bel-7402 cells via interfering cell cycle and by inducing apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Miao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Yiceng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lou
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Fengping
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Hongling
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Yali
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005632:Fructose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008516:Medicine, Chinese Traditional; D015513:Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D015513:Oncogene Proteins; D005632:Fructose; C098581:butyl fructofuranoside
keywords: Antiproliferation activity; Bcl-2/Bax kangaisan; apoptosis; n-butyl-β-D-fructofuranoside