title: Expression of apoptosis-related genes in liver-specific growth hormone receptor gene-disrupted mice is sex dependent.
abstract: Apoptosis is a process that affects life span and health. Mice with liver-specific disruption of the growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene (ie, Ghr gene) liver-specific growth hormone receptor knockout [LiGHRKO] mice), as opposed to mice with global deletion of the Ghr gene (GHRKO; Ghr-/-), are characterized by severe hepatic steatosis and lack of improved insulin sensitivity. We have previously shown that levels of proapoptotic factors are decreased in long-lived and insulin-sensitive GHRKO mice. In the current study, expression of specific apoptosis-related genes was assessed in brains, kidneys, and livers of male and female LiGHRKO and wild-type mice using real-time PCR. In the brain, expression of Caspase 3, Caspase 9, Smac/DIABLO, and p53 was decreased in females compared with males. Renal expression of Caspase 3 and Noxa also decreased in female mice. In the liver, no differences were seen between males and females. Also, no significant genotype effects were detected in the examined organs. Lack of significant genotype effect in kidneys contrasts with previous observations in GHRKO mice. Apparently, global GHR deletion induces beneficial changes in apoptotic factors, whereas liver-specific GHR disruption does not. Furthermore, sexual dimorphism may play an important role in regulating apoptosis during liver-specific suppression of the somatotrophic signaling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics Research, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield. Department of Oncological Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland. adges7@wp.pl adges7@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gesing
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics Research, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield.
authors.forename: Feiya
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Edison Biotechnology Institute, Department of Specialty Medicine.
authors.forename: Edward O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: List
authors.affiliation: Edison Biotechnology Institute, School of Applied Health Sciences and Wellness, and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens.
authors.forename: Darlene E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Berryman
authors.affiliation: College of Medicine, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando. Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
authors.forename: Michal M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Masternak
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Poland. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital - Research Institute, Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lewinski
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncological Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital - Research Institute, Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Malgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karbownik-Lewinska
authors.affiliation: Edison Biotechnology Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens.
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Kopchick
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics Research, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield.
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bartke
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics*; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D020169:Caspases / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D019254:Genes, bcl-2; D016158:Genes, p53; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008136:Longevity / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011986:Receptors, Somatotropin / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics*; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; C494827:Bax protein, mouse; D002352:Carrier Proteins; C499605:Diablo protein, mouse; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; C408009:Pmaip1 protein, mouse; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011986:Receptors, Somatotropin; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D020169:Caspases; C051815:somatotropin-binding protein
keywords: Apoptosis; GHR gene disruption; Growth hormone receptor (GHR); Knockout mice.