title: Outbreaks of the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) in the Yangtze River Delta: immigration or local reproduction?
abstract: An effective control strategy for migratory pests is difficult to implement because the cause of infestation (i.e., immigration or local reproduction) is often not established. In particular, the outbreak mechanisms of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), an insect causing massive losses in rice fields in the Yangtze River Delta in China, are frequently unclear. Field surveys of N. lugens were performed in Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces in 2008 to 2010 and related historical data from 2003 onwards were collected and analyzed to clarify the cause of these infestations. Results showed that outbreaks of N. lugens in the Yangtze River Delta were mostly associated with an extremely high increase in population. Thus, reproduction rather than immigration from distant sources were the cause of the infestations. Although mass migration occurred late in the season (late August and early September), the source areas of N. lugens catches in the Yangtze River Delta were mainly located in nearby areas, including the Yangtze River Delta itself, Anhui and northern Jiangxi Provinces. These regions collectively form the lower-middle reaches of the Yangtze River, and the late migration can thus be considered as an internal bioflow within one population.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Gao
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Bao-Ping
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Zhai
authors.affiliation: Division of Pest Forecasting, China National Agro-Tec Extension and Service Center, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Ming-Hong
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Division of Pest Forecasting, China National Agro-Tec Extension and Service Center, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Wan-Cai
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Plant Protection Station of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Plant Protection Station of Shanghai City, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Xiang-Wen
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Plant Protection Station of Jinhua City, Jinhua, China.
authors.forename: Gui-Hua
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Xi
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D063147:Animal Distribution / Q000502:physiology*; D025041:Animal Migration / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D002681:China; D005260:Female; D006430:Hemiptera / Q000502:physiology*; D010053:Ovary / Q000254:growth & development; D011157:Population Dynamics; D012098:Reproduction / Q000502:physiology; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000379:methods