title: German nationwide data on current trends and management of acute myocardial infarction: discrepancies between trials and real-life.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent guidelines on acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are based on randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and registries with selected patients, and may therefore not represent 'real-life'. This analysis shows for the first time nationwide trends in AMI from Germany.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We were provided with data on all in-patient hospitalizations by the Federal Statistical Office. All hospitalized cases with AMI (onset of symptoms <28 days) from the years 2005, 2007, and 2009 were analysed regarding morbidity, in-hospital mortality, treatments, and costs. Analysis of a total of 16.1, 16.6, and 17.2 million hospitalizations showed the proportion of coded AMI to remain relatively constant (1276, 1272, and 1181 per 100 000 hospitalizations in 2005, 2007, and 2009). The proportion of ST-elevation AMI decreased over time (STEMI; 631, 546, and 454 per 100 000 hospitalizations),while non-ST-elevation AMI increased (NSTEMI; 645, 726, and 727 per 100 000 hospitalizations). The proportion of older patients >75 years (+4.6%), of comorbidities such as hypertension (+5.8%), diabetes (+17.7%), left ventricular failure (+19.8%), peripheral artery disease (+13.3%), and chronic kidney disease (+165.4%) increased as well. In-hospital mortality remained relatively stable during this period in AMI cases overall (11.1, 10.7, 10.8%) but changed slightly in STEMI (11.2, 11.9, 12.2%) and NSTEMI (11.0, 9.9, 9.9%). Causing about 1.2% of hospitalizations, AMI accounted for 2.5% (1.2 billion €) of in-hospital health expenses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This hospitalization-based analysis revealed a marked increase of NSTEMI among constant AMI frequency. Despite all current efforts, in-hospital mortality was stagnating on a high level compared with data of RCTs.
authors.affiliation: Division of Vascular Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, D-48149 Muenster, Germany.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Freisinger
authors.forename: Torsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fuerstenberg
authors.forename: Nasser M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Malyar
authors.forename: Juergen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wellmann
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Keil
authors.forename: Guenter
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Breithardt
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Reinecke
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000639:trends; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D017052:Hospital Mortality / Q000639:trends; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000191:economics / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000191:economics / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D062645:Percutaneous Coronary Intervention / Q000639:trends; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000191:economics / Q000639:trends; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D015607:Stents / Q000639:trends; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy / Q000639:trends
keywords: Acute myocardial infarction; Cardiovascular disease; Mortality; Population-based study