title: In-vitro thrombogenicity assessment of polymer filament modified and native platinum embolic coils.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Embolic coils have been used to treat intracranial aneurysms using an endovascular approach for more than two decades. However, significant aneurysm recanalization rates have been reported specifically in large and giant aneurysms. Adding filaments to bare Platinum coils is considered a modification and has been proposed to achieve higher aneurysm occlusion rates as compared to bare Platinum coils. Quantitative information - in terms of thrombin generation potential of these modifications - is however lacking.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We report here in vitro thrombogenicity of Platinum coils containing Nylon (Axium™ MicroFx™ Nylon coil) and PGLA (Axium™ MicroFx™ PGLA coil) filaments and compare them with equivalent bare Platinum Axium™ coils.
  
  
  METHODS
  We utilize a quantitative method that tracks the formation of thrombin upon exposure of the test samples to human platelet rich plasma using a slow binding fluorogenic substrate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We report a significant increase in the total thrombin turnover, the peak thrombin amount and the rate of thrombin generation for the Axium™ MicroFx™ coils and filaments compared to the Axium™ coils and Platinum wire.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nylon and PGLA filaments added to bare Platinum coils increase thrombogenicity of coils. This study offers a robust quantitative method to compare thrombus formation efficacy of embolic coils under static conditions.
authors.affiliation: Vascular Therapies Peripheral Vascular, Covidien, 15 Hampshire St., Mansfield, MA 02048, United States. Electronic address: gaurav.girdhar@covidien.com.
authors.forename: Gaurav
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Girdhar
authors.affiliation: Vascular Therapies Peripheral Vascular, Covidien, 15 Hampshire St., Mansfield, MA 02048, United States.
authors.forename: Megan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Read
authors.affiliation: Vascular Therapies Peripheral Vascular, Covidien, 15 Hampshire St., Mansfield, MA 02048, United States.
authors.forename: Jihae
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sohn
authors.affiliation: Vascular Therapies Peripheral Vascular, Covidien, 15 Hampshire St., Mansfield, MA 02048, United States.
authors.forename: Chirag
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: Vascular Therapies Neurovascular, Covidien, 9775 Toledo Way, Irvine, CA 92618, United States.
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shrivastava
mesh_terms: D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design / Q000295:instrumentation; D006801:Humans; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000628:therapy; D010984:Platinum / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D011108:Polymers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000209:etiology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D011108:Polymers; D010984:Platinum
keywords: Aneurysm; Clotting; Coils; Embolic; Fluorogenic; Intracranial; Thrombin