title: The origin of segmentation motor activity in the intestine.
abstract: The segmentation motor activity of the gut that facilitates absorption of nutrients was first described in the late 19th century, but the fundamental mechanisms underlying it remain poorly understood. The dominant theory suggests alternate excitation and inhibition from the enteric nervous system. Here we demonstrate that typical segmentation can occur after total nerve blockade. The segmentation motor pattern emerges when the amplitude of the dominant pacemaker, the slow wave generated by interstitial cells of Cajal associated with the myenteric plexus (ICC-MP), is modulated by the phase of induced lower frequency rhythmic transient depolarizations, generated by ICC associated with the deep muscular plexus (ICC-DMP), resulting in a waxing and waning of the amplitude of the slow wave and a rhythmic checkered pattern of segmentation motor activity. Phase-amplitude modulation of the slow waves points to an underlying system of coupled nonlinear oscillators originating in the networks of ICC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8N3Z5 [2] Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, Peoples Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jan D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Huizinga
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, Peoples Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ji-Hong
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8N3Z5.
authors.forename: Yong Fang
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8N3Z5.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pawelka
authors.affiliation: Brain Body Institute, St Joseph's Hospital, McMaster University, 50 Charlton Avenue East, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8N 4A6.
authors.forename: Ryan J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: McGinn
authors.affiliation: Brain Body Institute, St Joseph's Hospital, McMaster University, 50 Charlton Avenue East, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8N 4A6.
authors.forename: Berj L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Bardakjian
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8N3Z5.
authors.forename: Sean P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Parsons
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Institute of Biomaterial and Biomedical Engineering and the Neuroscience Program at the University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G4.
authors.forename: Wolfgang A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Kunze
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Institute of Biomaterial and Biomedical Engineering and the Neuroscience Program at the University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G4.
authors.forename: Richard You
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8N3Z5.
authors.forename: Premysl
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bercik
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8N3Z5.
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khoshdel
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, Peoples Republic of China.
authors.forename: Sifeng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, Peoples Republic of China.
authors.forename: Sheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, Peoples Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, Peoples Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yuanjie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, Peoples Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qingmin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, Peoples Republic of China.
authors.forename: Kongling
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China.
authors.forename: Xinghai
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8N3Z5.
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zarate
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8N3Z5.
authors.forename: Phillip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8N3Z5.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pistilli
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Victoria, PO box 3060 Stn CSC, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3R4.
authors.forename: Junling
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8N3Z5.
authors.forename: Ruixue
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8N3Z5.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017615:Enteric Nervous System / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D056885:Interstitial Cells of Cajal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D009197:Myenteric Plexus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology