title: [Comparative study on pro-inflammatory toxicity of Pinellia pedatiecta before and after being processed with alum].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the pro-inflammatory toxicity of Pinellia pedatiecta, as well as the alum processing method on its pro-inflammatory effect.
  
  
  METHODS
  Raphide and agglutinin (PPA) proteins were isolated from fresh P. pedatiecta. The overall animal and cellular level models were applied to investigate the pro-inflammatory effect of raphide and PPA in P. pedatiecta, as well as the impact of the alum processing method on the pro-inflammatory effect, with inflammatory mediators as the index.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intraperitoneal injection with P. pedatiecta raphide suspension could significantly increase the content of inflammatory mediators PGE2 and NO. After the alum processing method was adopted, fresh P. pedatiecta and raphide-induced PGE2 and NO release significantly reduced. The stimulation of mice macrophages with P. pedatiecta agglutinin protein could cause the content of dose-dependent inflammatory mediators TNF-alpha and IL-6. After the alum processing method was adopted, PGE2 content in P. pedatiecta agglutinin protein-induced mice peritoneal exudate notably decreased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The irritation and toxicity of P. pedatiecta were inflammatory responses in organisms. Its raphide and agglutinin proteins were toxic components, both could cause significant the release of inflammatory medium. The alum processing method could help significantly reduce the pro-inflammatory toxicity of P. pedatiecta.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China. yuhongli76@126.com
authors.forename: Hong-Li
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China.
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China.
authors.forename: Teng-Fei
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China.
authors.forename: Zhuo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000534:Alum Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D004339:Drug Compounding / Q000379:methods*; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000276:immunology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D030021:Pinellia / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000534:Alum Compounds; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C041524:aluminum sulfate