title: Monochromatic Pupillometry in Unilateral Glaucoma Discloses no Adaptive Changes Subserved by the ipRGCs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To detect signs of a possible adaptive mechanism of the intrinsically photosensitive ganglion cells in unilateral glaucoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven patients with unilateral glaucoma, classified by automated perimetry (glaucoma: mean deviation <0), were studied by monochromatic pupillometry, employing red (660 nm) or blue (470 nm) light, and by optical coherence tomography of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer. The main outcome measure in pupillometry, the area under the curve (AUC), i.e., the product of pupillary contraction amplitude and time, was determined during and after light exposure in glaucomatous and unafflicted fellow eyes and compared to the AUCs of a healthy, age-matched control group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The AUC to stimulation with blue light was significantly reduced in glaucomatous eyes, both during and after stimulus, compared with that of fellow, unafflicted eyes (p ≤ 0.014). The AUC to red light stimulation was reduced during (p = 0.035), but not after (p ≥ 0.072), exposure in glaucomatous eyes. In the unafflicted fellow eyes, the pupillary response to blue light did not differ from that of healthy controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pupillary response to blue light was decreased in the glaucomatous eyes of unilateral glaucoma. No difference was detected between the pupillary light response of the unafflicted fellow eyes and that of a healthy, age-matched control group. Thus no sign of an adaptive mechanism was detected, neither in the glaucomatous nor in the unafflicted fellow eyes, and consequently glaucoma appears to differ from non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy.
authors.affiliation: Research Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen , Glostrup , Denmark.
authors.forename: Claus
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nissen
authors.affiliation: Research Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen , Glostrup , Denmark.
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sander
authors.affiliation: Research Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen , Glostrup , Denmark ; Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore Eye Research Institute , Duke-NUS , Singapore.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Milea
authors.affiliation: Research Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen , Glostrup , Denmark.
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kolko
authors.affiliation: Research Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen , Glostrup , Denmark.
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Herbst
authors.affiliation: Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des XV-XX , Paris , France.
authors.forename: Pascale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hamard
authors.affiliation: Research Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen , Glostrup , Denmark.
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lund-Andersen
keywords: intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells; melanopsin; pupillary light reflex; unilateral glaucoma