title: Metagenomic sequencing of expressed prostate secretions.
abstract: To investigate which microorganisms may be present in expressed prostate secretions (EPS) metagenomic sequencing (MGS) was applied to prostate secretion samples from five men with prostatitis and five matched control men as well as to combined expressed prostate secretion and urine from six patients with prostate cancer and six matched control men. The prostate secretion samples contained a variety of bacterial sequences, mostly belonging to the Proteobacteria phylum. The combined prostate secretion and urine samples were dominated by abundant presence of the JC polyomavirus, representing >20% of all detected metagenomic sequence reads. There were also other viruses detected, for example, human papillomavirus type 81. All combined prostate secretion and urine samples were also positive for Proteobacteria. In summary, MGS of expressed prostate secretion is informative for detecting a variety of bacteria and viruses, suggesting that a more large-scale use of MGS of prostate secretions may be useful in medical and epidemiological studies of prostate infections.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Urology and Andrology, North-Western State Medical University Named After I.I. Mechnikov, St. Petersburg, Russia; St. Petersburg State University Outpatient Clinic, St. Petersburg, Russia.
authors.forename: Vitaly
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Smelov
authors.forename: L Sara
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Arroyo Mühr
authors.forename: Davit
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bzhalava
authors.forename: Lyndon J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Komyakov
authors.forename: Joakim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dillner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012634:Bodily Secretions / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D056186:Metagenomics; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000821:virology*; D011472:Prostatitis / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000821:virology*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014556:Urine / Q000382:microbiology / Q000821:virology; D014780:Viruses / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification
keywords: HPV; expressed prostate secretions; metagenomic sequencing