title: Google Glass in pediatric surgery: an exploratory study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Personal portable information technology is advancing at a breathtaking speed. Google has recently introduced Glass, a device that is worn like conventional glasses, but that combines a computerized central processing unit, touchpad, display screen, high-definition camera, microphone, bone-conduction transducer, and wireless connectivity. We have obtained a Glass device through Google's Explorer program and have tested its applicability in our daily pediatric surgical practice and in relevant experimental settings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Glass was worn daily for 4 consecutive weeks in a University Children's Hospital. A daily log was kept, and activities with a potential applicability were identified. Performance of Glass was evaluated for such activities. In-vitro experiments were conducted where further testing was indicated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Wearing Glass throughout the day for the study interval was well tolerated. Colleagues, staff, families and patients overwhelmingly had a positive response to Glass. Useful applications for Glass were hands-free photo/videodocumentation, making hands-free telephone calls, looking up billing codes, and internet searches for unfamiliar medical terms or syndromes. Drawbacks encountered with the current equipment were low battery endurance, data protection issues, poor overall audio quality, as well as long transmission latency combined with interruptions and cut-offs during internet videoconferencing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Glass has the some clear utility in the clinical setting. However, before it can be recommended universally for physicians and surgeons, substantial improvements to the hardware are required, issues of data protection must be solved, and specialized medical applications (apps) need to be developed.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Surgery, New York Medical College, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital of Westchester Medical Center, Skyline A14, 40 Sunshine Cottage Road, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA. Electronic address: oliver.muensterer@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Oliver J
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Muensterer
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lacher
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zoeller
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Surgery, New York Medical College, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital of Westchester Medical Center, Skyline A14, 40 Sunshine Cottage Road, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bronstein
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kübler
mesh_terms: D006804:Ergonomics; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008838:Microcomputers; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000639:trends; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000639:trends; D017216:Telemedicine / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000639:trends
keywords: Data privacy; Google Glass; Innovation; Internet; Pediatric surgery; Telemedicine; Virtual presence