title: Is bone transplantation the gold standard for repair of alveolar bone defects?
abstract: New strategies to fulfill craniofacial bone defects have gained attention in recent years due to the morbidity of autologous bone graft harvesting. We aimed to evaluate the in vivo efficacy of bone tissue engineering strategy using mesenchymal stem cells associated with two matrices (bovine bone mineral and α-tricalcium phosphate), compared to an autologous bone transfer. A total of 28 adult, male, non-immunosuppressed Wistar rats underwent a critical-sized osseous defect of 5 mm diameter in the alveolar region. Animals were divided into five groups. Group 1 (n = 7) defects were repaired with autogenous bone grafts; Group 2 (n = 5) defects were repaired with bovine bone mineral free of cells; Group 3 (n = 5) defects were repaired with bovine bone mineral loaded with mesenchymal stem cells; Group 4 (n = 5) defects were repaired with α-tricalcium phosphate free of cells; and Group 5 (n = 6) defects were repaired with α-tricalcium phosphate loaded with mesenchymal stem cells. Groups 2-5 were compared to Group 1, the reference group. Healing response was evaluated by histomorphometry and computerized tomography. Histomorphometrically, Group 1 showed 60.27% ± 16.13% of bone in the defect. Groups 2 and 3 showed 23.02% ± 8.6% (p = 0.01) and 38.35% ± 19.59% (p = 0.06) of bone in the defect, respectively. Groups 4 and 5 showed 51.48% ± 11.7% (p = 0.30) and 61.80% ± 2.14% (p = 0.88) of bone in the defect, respectively. Animals whose bone defects were repaired with α-tricalcium phosphate and mesenchymal stem cells presented the highest bone volume filling the defects; both were not statistically different from autogenous bone.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Cirurgia Plástica e Queimaduras, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cassio Eduardo
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Raposo-Amaral
authors.affiliation: Centro de Estudos do Genoma Humano, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniela Franco
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Bueno
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Cirurgia Plástica e Queimaduras, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Beatriz
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vanda
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jorgetti
authors.affiliation: Centro de Estudos do Genoma Humano, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristiane Cabral
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: Centro de Estudos do Genoma Humano, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cecília Helena
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Gouveia
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiz Carlos
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Vulcano
authors.affiliation: Centro de Estudos do Genoma Humano, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Roberto D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Fanganiello
authors.affiliation: Centro de Estudos do Genoma Humano, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Rita
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Passos-Bueno
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Cirurgia Plástica e Queimaduras, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nivaldo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Alonso
keywords: Stem cell; alveolar defect; biomaterial; bone; bone tissue engineering; osseous defect; α-tricalcium phosphate