title: A pilot randomized controlled trial of Dialectical Behavior Therapy with and without the Dialectical Behavior Therapy Prolonged Exposure protocol for suicidal and self-injuring women with borderline personality disorder and PTSD.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluates the efficacy of integrating PTSD treatment into Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) for women with borderline personality disorder, PTSD, and intentional self-injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were randomized to DBT (n=9) or DBT with the DBT Prolonged Exposure (DBT PE) protocol (n=17) and assessed at 4-month intervals during the treatment year and 3-months post-treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment expectancies, satisfaction, and completion did not differ by condition. In DBT+DBT PE, the DBT PE protocol was feasible to implement for a majority of treatment completers. Compared to DBT, DBT+DBT PE led to larger and more stable improvements in PTSD and doubled the remission rate among treatment completers (80% vs. 40%). Patients who completed the DBT PE protocol were 2.4 times less likely to attempt suicide and 1.5 times less likely to self-injure than those in DBT. Among treatment completers, moderate to large effect sizes favored DBT+DBT PE for dissociation, trauma-related guilt cognitions, shame, anxiety, depression, and global functioning.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DBT with the DBT PE protocol is feasible, acceptable, and safe to administer, and may lead to larger improvements in PTSD, intentional self-injury, and other outcomes than DBT alone. The findings require replication in a larger sample.
authors.affiliation: Behavioral Research and Therapy Clinics, Box 355915, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-5915, USA. Electronic address: mharned@u.washington.edu.
authors.forename: Melanie S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Harned
authors.affiliation: Behavioral Research and Therapy Clinics, Box 355915, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-5915, USA.
authors.forename: Kathryn E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Korslund
authors.affiliation: Behavioral Research and Therapy Clinics, Box 355915, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-5915, USA.
authors.forename: Marsha M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Linehan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001521:Behavior Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D001883:Borderline Personality Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007171:Implosive Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010865:Pilot Projects; D016728:Self-Injurious Behavior / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D013406:Suicide, Attempted; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Borderline personality disorder; Posttraumatic stress disorder; Self-injury; Suicide