title: Acute toxicity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes, sodium pentachlorophenate, and their complex on earthworm Eisenia fetida.
abstract: Laboratory experiments were undertaken to relate biomarker responses to the toxicities of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and sodium pentachlorophenate (PCP-Na), both individually and combined. The acute toxicities of MWCNTs and PCP-Na on earthworm Eisenia fetida were studied through different exposure methods (filter paper contact test, immersion contact test, and artificial soil contact test). Enzyme activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the earthworm E. fetida exposed to MWCNTs and PCP-Na in filter paper contact test, both individually and under combined exposure, were determined. After exposure, PCP-Na induced observable acute toxicity while the MWCNTs induced slight toxicity. Interestingly the earthworms exposed to the mixture of MWCNTs and PCP-Na demonstrated different expression of enzymatic biomarkers from those exposed to MWCNTs or PCP-Na alone. Our results indicated that the toxicity of PCP-Na on E. fetida may be alleviated by the appearance of MWCNTs for all exposure methods except for immersion contact test.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
authors.forename: Liujun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation & Environmental Protection, Linyi University, Middle Part of Shuangling Road, Linyi 276000, China.
authors.forename: Changwei
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
authors.forename: Weili
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
authors.forename: Funian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
authors.forename: Yibin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, PR China. Electronic address: meili@nju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004798:Enzymes / Q000235:genetics; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000633:toxicity*; D009835:Oligochaeta / Q000187:drug effects*; D010416:Pentachlorophenol / Q000633:toxicity*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D004798:Enzymes; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D010416:Pentachlorophenol
keywords: Biomarker; Combined pollution; MWCNTs; PCP-Na