title: Evaluation of periimplant bone neoformation using different scanning electron microscope methods for measuring BIC. A dog study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  [corrected] The aim of this study was to determine which of three methods for measuring BIC (bone-to-implant contact), using vestibular and lingual scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for different implant systems at 15, 30 and 90 days post-surgery was the most precise. An elemental analysis with SEM was used to evaluate neoformed bone composition for three implant systems at the same study times.
  
  
  METHODS
  36 implants were placed in eighteen Beagle dogs mandible about one year old and weighing approximately 12-13 kg in order to evaluate bone apposition to three different implant surfaces. It was used the third and fourth premolar and ﬁrst molar distal sockets in both quadrants of the mandible (3P3, 4P4 and 1M1). Teeth were hemi-sected and the distal roots were removed. The specimens were prepared for histological examination and each section surface was stained using Masson's trichrome and hematoxylin and eosin stains. BIC evaluations were performed by the three methods, BIC I (the quantity of mineralized bone in direct contact with the implant's titanium surface across the entire threaded area); BIC II (along a line that passes from apex to apex of the implant threads); BIC III (both in areas around and above the threads and in between threads).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both BIC and bone content were analyzed for all implants placed in P3, P4 y M1 alveoli on both, the buccal and palatine sides (elemental analysis quantified Ca, P, O and C). It was seen it was only at the ninety-day mark that high percentages of calcium were present.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggest that BIC III evaluation is the most certain method for establishing the quantity of bone formed as the BIC area. Key words:Bone-to-impant contact, dogs, extraction socket, implants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Implant Dentistry, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: José L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Calvo-Guirado
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacological Interactions in Dentistry, Dental School, University of Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aguilar-Salvatierra
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacological Interactions in Dentistry, Dental School, University of Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guardia
authors.affiliation: Department of Implant Dentistry, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Delgado-Ruiz
authors.affiliation: Department of Implant Dentistry, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: María P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Ramírez-Fernández
authors.affiliation: Master of Implant Dentistry. Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Murcia.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pérez Sánchez
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacological Interactions in Dentistry, Dental School, University of Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Gerardo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gómez-Moreno