title: Metabolic syndrome is associated with poor memory and executive performance in elderly community residents: the PROOF study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Aging is associated with a loss of cognitive performance and an increasing occurrence of cardiovascular events. Moreover, cardiovascular risk factors are linked to cognitive impairment and dementia. Whereas individual components of metabolic syndrome (Met S) have been reported to be linked to cognitive decline and dementia, there are very few studies on Met S as a whole. The present study aims to assess the relationship between Met S and its components and cognitive functioning in a cohort of elderly non-demented community residents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population-based cohort study (PROOF study). Cross-sectional analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dementia-free community-dwellers aged 65.
  
  
  METHODS
  The PROOF participants underwent an extensive neuropsychological battery at baseline. Summary cognitive measures including memory, attention, and executive performance were created by converting the individual test results to Z scores and computing the average scores within each domain. Each of the three cognitive scores was individually compared between groups as a function of Met S. The cognitive scores and the covariates which were significant in univariate analyses were then included in logistic regression models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant association was observed between the presence of metabolic syndrome, poor memory, and executive function even after adjusting for confounding factors (memory: odds ratio: 1.77, p = 0.008; executive functions: odds ratio: 1.91, p = 0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study showed that in a sample of elderly community dwellers, Met S was associated with poor memory and executive performance. These results underline the importance of detecting and managing metabolic syndrome components to prevent cognitive impairment and dementia.
authors.affiliation: Neurology Unit, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint Etienne, France; Geriatrics Unit, Charpennes Hospital, University Hospital of Lyon, Villeurbanne, France. Electronic address: isabelle.rouch@chu-st-etienne.fr.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rouch
authors.affiliation: SSPIM, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint Etienne, France; EA SNA-EPIS, PRES Lyon, Saint Etienne, France.
authors.forename: Béatrice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Trombert
authors.affiliation: Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Michel P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Kossowsky
authors.affiliation: Neurology Unit, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint Etienne, France.
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Laurent
authors.affiliation: EA SNA-EPIS, PRES Lyon, Saint Etienne, France; Clinical and Exercise Physiology Laboratory, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint Etienne, France.
authors.forename: Sébastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Celle
authors.affiliation: EA SNA-EPIS, PRES Lyon, Saint Etienne, France.
authors.forename: Gabin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ntougou Assoumou
authors.affiliation: EA SNA-EPIS, PRES Lyon, Saint Etienne, France; Clinical and Exercise Physiology Laboratory, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint Etienne, France.
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Roche
authors.affiliation: EA SNA-EPIS, PRES Lyon, Saint Etienne, France; Clinical and Exercise Physiology Laboratory, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint Etienne, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Claude
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Barthelemy
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D056344:Executive Function; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D015228:Hypertriglyceridemia / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL
keywords: Metabolic syndrome; cognitive impairment; elderly