title: A requirement for ER-derived COPII vesicles in phagophore initiation.
abstract: A major unanswered question in the field of autophagy is how the double-membrane phagophore is formed. As this membrane expands, it engulfs proteins and organelles that are destined for degradation and then seals to form an autophagosome. A growing consensus in the field is that a subdomain of the ER initiates formation of the phagophore. We show that ER-derived COPII-coated vesicles, which bud from a specialized domain of the ER called the ER exit site (ERES), are a source of this membrane. This finding will now pave the way for a biochemical description of the early steps of phagophore initiation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; University of California at San Diego; La Jolla, CA USA.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA USA.
authors.forename: Dongyan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology; Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven, CT USA.
authors.forename: Yiying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology; Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven, CT USA.
authors.forename: Karin M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Reinisch
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA USA.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Walz
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; University of California at San Diego; La Jolla, CA USA.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ferro-Novick
mesh_terms: D001343:Autophagy / Q000502:physiology*; D022181:COP-Coated Vesicles / Q000378:metabolism*; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010588:Phagosomes / Q000378:metabolism*; D059748:Proteolysis
chemical_list: D008565:Membrane Proteins
keywords: Atg1; COPII; TRAPPIII; Ypt1; macroautophagy