title: Increased ventricular pacing threshold levels in patients with high serum uric acid levels.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Permanent cardiac pacemakers (PCM) are accepted as the most effective treatment for symptomatic bradyarrhythmias. Serum uric acid (UA) levels are associated with various inflammatory markers, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction. This study aimed to investigate the association between serum UA and ventricular pacing threshold (VPT) levels in patients who underwent permanent pacemaker implantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively analyzed a total of 198 patients who underwent PCM implantation for indications such as symptomatic bradycardia without a reversible etiology and high-degree and complete atrioventricular block.
  
  
  RESULTS
  VPT values were found to correlate with serum UA levels (r=0.591, p<0.001), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels (r=0.505, p<0.001), and ventricular impedance (r=0.220, p=0.016). The serum UA levels and hs-CRP levels were also correlated (r=0.691, p<0.001). To identify independent risk factors for VPT values, a multivariate linear regression model was conducted, and serum UA levels (β=0.361, p=0.001), hs-CRP levels (β=0.277, p=0.012), and impedance values (β=0.207, p=0.011) were found to be independent risk factors for VPT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the present study, VPT values at the time of implantation and at the 30th day were increased in patients with high serum UA levels. To further extend the life of pacemakers, as well as other factors that affect threshold values, serum UA levels should be noted.
authors.affiliation: Adiyaman University, Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Adiyaman, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ballı
authors.affiliation: Adiyaman University, Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Adiyaman, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Çetin
authors.affiliation: Adiyaman University, Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Adiyaman, Turkey. Electronic address: hakantasolar@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Hakan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Taşolar
authors.affiliation: Batman State Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Batman, Turkey.
authors.forename: Kamuran
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tekin
authors.affiliation: Cukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Adana, Turkey.
authors.forename: Çağlar Emre
authors.initials: ÇE
authors.lastname: Çağlıyan
authors.affiliation: Sani Konukoglu University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Gaziantep, Turkey.
authors.forename: Serdar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Türkmen
authors.affiliation: Kayseri Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Kayseri, Turkey.
authors.forename: Onur Kadir
authors.initials: OK
authors.lastname: Uysal
authors.affiliation: Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Adana, Turkey.
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Çaylı
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001919:Bradycardia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D002302:Cardiac Output; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014527:Uric Acid
keywords: Permanent cardiac pacemakers; Uric acid; Ventricular pacing threshold