title: Cryptic speciation and chromosomal repatterning in the South African climbing mice Dendromus (Rodentia, Nesomyidae).
abstract: We evaluate the intra- and interspecific diversity in the four South African rodent species of the genus Dendromus. The molecular phylogenetic analysis on twenty-three individuals have been conducted on a combined dataset of nuclear and mitochondrial markers. Moreover, the extent and processes underlying chromosomal variation, have been investigated on three species by mean of G-, C-bands, NORs and Zoo-FISH analysis. The molecular analysis shows the presence of six monophyletic lineages corresponding to D. mesomelas, D. mystacalis and four lineages within D. cfr. melanotis with high divergence values (ranges: 10.6% - 18.3%) that raises the question of the possible presence of cryptic species. The first description of the karyotype for D. mesomelas and D. mystacalis and C- and G- banding for one lineage of D. cfr. melanotis are reported highlighting an extended karyotype reorganization in the genus. Furthermore, the G-banding and Zoo-FISH evidenced an autosome-sex chromosome translocation characterizing all the species and our timing estimates this mutation date back 7.4 mya (Late Miocene). Finally, the molecular clock suggests that cladogenesis took place since the end of Miocene to Plio-Pleistocene, probably due to ecological factors, isolation in refugia followed by differential adaptation to the mesic or dry habitat.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Emanuela
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Solano
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology & Resource Management, School of Environmental Sciences, Thohoyandou, South Africa ; School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rautenbach
authors.affiliation: Imperial College London Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berks, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ropiquet
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Castiglia
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000818:Animals; D002871:Chromosome Banding; D033481:Chromosomes, Mammalian; D049810:Genetic Speciation; D014644:Genetic Variation; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D007621:Karyotyping; D010802:Phylogeny; D012377:Rodentia / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics; D013019:South Africa