title: Detection and genetic characterization of PVL-positive ST8-MRSA-IVa and exfoliative toxin D-positive European CA-MRSA-Like ST1931 (CC80) MRSA-IVa strains in Bangladesh.
abstract: Severe skin lesions caused by Staphylococcus aureus infection are associated with production from bacterial cells of Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL), a typical virulence factor of community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus (CA-MRSA), as well as other toxins represented by exfoliative toxins. Through a retrospective study of 26 S. aureus strains isolated from skin lesions of diabetic patients admitted to a hospital in Bangladesh, 2 PVL-gene-positive MRSA-IVa strains and 8 PVL-negative, exfoliative toxin D (ETD) gene (etd)-positive MRSA-IVa strains were isolated. A PVL-positive MRSA-IVa strain had a type I arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME), belonged to ST8/agr-type I/spa-type t121 (a variant of t008), and harbored blaZ, tet(K), msrA, and aph(3')-IIIa, which are mostly typical characteristics found in USA300, a predominant CA-MRSA clone in the United States. Another PVL-positive MRSA strain, belonging to ST1929 (CC88)/agr-type III/spa-type t3341, was negative for ACME, but possessed blaZ and tet(K). The etd-positive MRSA-IVa strains possessed the epidermal cell differentiation inhibitor B (EDIN-B)-encoding gene (edinB) and belonged to ST1931 (CC80)/agr-type III/spa-type t11023 (a variant of t044), which was genetic trait similar to that of the European CA-MRSA ST80 clone. However, unlike the European ST80 strains, the etd-positive MRSA strains detected in the present study harbored seb, sek, and seq, while they were negative for tet(K), aph(3')-IIIa, and fusB, showing susceptibility to fusidic acid. These findings suggested that etd-positive ST1931 MRSA strains belong to the same lineage as the European ST80 MRSA clone, evolving from a common ancestral clone via acquisition of a different pathogenicity island. This is the first report of a USA300-like MRSA-IV strain, PVL-positive ST1929 (CC88) MRSA-IV, and European ST80 CA-MRSA-like etd-positive ST1931 (CC80) MRSA-IV strains isolated in Bangladesh.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College , Mymensingh, Bangladesh .
authors.forename: Shyamal Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.forename: Souvik
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.forename: Mitsuyo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawaguchiya
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Urushibara
authors.forename: Mohammad Akram
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hossain
authors.forename: Salma
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: Chand
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mahmud
authors.forename: Md Shariful Alam
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Jilani
authors.forename: Jalaluddin Ashraful
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Haq
authors.forename: Abdullah Akhtar
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: Nobumichi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D001459:Bangladesh / Q000453:epidemiology; D001483:Base Sequence; D002648:Child; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D005083:Exfoliatins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005098:Exotoxins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D019868:Kanamycin Kinase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D007956:Leukocidins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D058885:Multilocus Sequence Typing; D010957:Plasmids; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D005083:Exfoliatins; D005098:Exotoxins; D007956:Leukocidins; C078284:Panton-Valentine leukocidin; D037521:Virulence Factors; D019868:Kanamycin Kinase