title: Incidence, timing and risk factors associated with 1-year mortality after hospitalization for community-acquired pneumonia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify the incidence, causes, timing and risk factors associated with 1-year mortality in CAP patients after hospital discharge.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult patients with CAP who were admitted to a tertiary hospital from 2007 to 2011 were prospectively recruited and followed up for 1 year after hospital discharge.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 1284 patients discharged, 93 (7.2%) died within 1-year of leaving hospital. Sixty eight (73.1%) patients died in the first six months. The main reasons for 1-year mortality after hospital discharge were infectious diseases, mainly pneumonia, followed by acute cardiovascular events. Mortality from infectious diseases was higher during the first 6 months (86.1%), while the number of deaths from cardiovascular causes was stable throughout the months of follow-up. After adjustment for confounders, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus, cancer, dementia, rehospitalization within 30 days of hospital discharge and nursing home were independently associated with 1-year mortality. The incidence of long-term mortality increased >50% when ≥4 risk factors were present (P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients mainly died from infectious diseases and acute cardiovascular events in the first six months after leaving hospital for an acute CAP episode. Certain features may help to identify the risk of long-term mortality in CAP patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; School of Health Science, Blanquerna-Ramon Llull University, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: jordi.adamuz@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Adamuz
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI), Spain.
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Viasus
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Martínez
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Isla
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI), Spain.
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Garcia-Vidal
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dorca
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI), Spain; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carratalà
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000401:mortality; D003141:Communicable Diseases / Q000401:mortality; D017714:Community-Acquired Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality*; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Community-acquired pneumonia; Long-term mortality; Risk factors; Timing