title: Intranasal fentanyl versus fentanyl pectin nasal spray for the management of breakthrough cancer pain in doses proportional to basal opioid regimen.
abstract: The aim of this randomized, crossover, comparison study was to assess the analgesic and adverse effects of 2 nasal preparations, intranasal fentanyl (INFS) and fentanyl pectin nasal spray (FPNS), for breakthrough pain, given in doses proportional to opioid basal regimen. Each patient randomly received INFS or FPNS in doses proportional to opioid dosages used for background analgesia for 2 pairs of episodes. For each episode of breakthrough pain, pain intensity and adverse effects intensity were recorded just before starting the INFS or FPNS (T0) and 5 minutes (T5), 10 minutes (T10), and 20 minutes (T20) after the administration of the nasal drugs. Sixty-nine patients were studied. The mean age was 63.4 years, and 37 patients were males. For the present analysis, 188 episodes were considered. A statistical decrease in pain intensity was observed with both nasal drugs after 5, 10, and 20 minutes. A decrease in pain intensity of >33% was observed in 16, 102, and 159 treated episodes at T5, T10, and T20, respectively. Adverse effects were of mild nature in most cases or were preexistent because of basal opioid therapy. No differences were found in summed pain intensity difference 20 minutes after dosing. Most of patients did not find substantial preferences. INFS and FPNS were effective and well-tolerated treatments for breakthrough pain management. Both delivery systems, in doses proportional to the basal opioid regimen, provided significant analgesia within 10 minutes, without producing relevant adverse effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This article showed that INFS and FPNS in doses proportional to basal opioid regimen are equally safe and effective for the management of breakthrough pain in cancer patients. These data provide new insights on the use of nasal preparations of fentanyl.
authors.affiliation: Anesthesia and Intensive Care and Pain Relief and Supportive Care, La Maddalena Cancer Center, Palermo, Italy. Electronic address: terapiadeldolore@lamaddalenanet.it.
authors.forename: Sebastiano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mercadante
authors.affiliation: Anesthesia and Intensive Care and Pain Relief and Supportive Care, La Maddalena Cancer Center, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Prestia
authors.affiliation: Anesthesia and Intensive Care and Pain Relief and Supportive Care, La Maddalena Cancer Center, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Adile
authors.affiliation: Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother-Child Care, "G. D'Alessandro" University, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Casuccio
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D059390:Breakthrough Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D059085:Nasal Sprays; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010368:Pectins / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D059085:Nasal Sprays; D010368:Pectins; D005283:Fentanyl
keywords: Cancer pain; breakthrough pain; fentanyl pectin nasal spray; intranasal fentanyl; rapid-onset opioids