title: Regulatory mechanisms of Hertwig׳s epithelial root sheath formation and anomaly correlated with root length.
abstract: Teeth are composed of two domains, the enamel-covered crown and cementum-covered root. The mechanism for determining the transition from crown to root is important for understanding root anomaly diseases. Hertwig׳s epithelial root sheath (HERS) is derived from the dental epithelium and is known to drive the growth of root dentin and periodontal tissue. Some clinical cases of hypoplastic tooth root are caused by the cessation of HERS development. Understanding the mechanisms of HERS development will contribute to the study of the disease and dental regenerative medicine. However, the developmental biology of tooth root formation has not been fully studied, particularly regarding HERS formation. Here, we describe the mechanisms of HERS formation on the basis of analysis of cell dynamics using imaging and summarize how the growth factor and its receptor regulate cell behavior of the dental epithelium.
authors.affiliation: Division of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1, Nishitokuta, Yahaba, Iwate 028-3694, Japan.
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kumakami-Sakano
authors.affiliation: Division of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1, Nishitokuta, Yahaba, Iwate 028-3694, Japan.
authors.forename: Keishi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Otsu
authors.affiliation: Division of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1, Nishitokuta, Yahaba, Iwate 028-3694, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.affiliation: Division of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1, Nishitokuta, Yahaba, Iwate 028-3694, Japan. Electronic address: hideha@iwate-med.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hidemitsu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Harada
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002468:Cell Physiological Phenomena; D004848:Epithelium / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism
keywords: Hertwig׳s epithelial root sheath; Root formation; Short root anomaly; Tooth development