title: In a non-human primate model, aging disrupts the neural control of intestinal smooth muscle contractility in a region-specific manner.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Incidences of gastrointestinal (GI) motility disorders increase with age. However, there is a paucity of knowledge about the aging mechanisms leading to GI dysmotility. Motility in the GI tract is a function of smooth muscle contractility, which is modulated in part by the enteric nervous system (ENS). Evidence suggests that aging impairs the ENS, thus we tested the hypothesis that senescence in the GI tract precipitates abnormalities in smooth muscle and neurally mediated contractility in a region-specific manner.
  
  
  METHODS
  Jejunal and colonic circular muscle strips were isolated from young (4-10 years) and old (18+ years) baboons. Myogenic responses were investigated using potassium chloride (KCl) and carbachol (CCh). Neurally mediated contractile responses were evoked by electrical field stimulation (EFS) and were recorded in the absence and presence of atropine (1 μM) or NG-Nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME; 100 μM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The myogenic responses to KCl in the jejunum and colon were unaffected by age. In the colon, but not the jejunum, CCh-induced contractile responses were reduced in aged animals. Compared to young baboons, there was enhanced EFS-induced contractility of old baboon jejunal smooth muscle in contrast to the reduced contractility in the colon. The effect of atropine on the EFS response was lower in aged colonic tissue, suggesting reduced participation of acetylcholine. In aged jejunal tissue, higher contractile responses to EFS were found to be due to reduced nitregic inhibition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings provide key evidence for the importance of intestinal smooth muscle and ENS senescence in age-associated GI motility disorders.
authors.affiliation: Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tran
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Greenwood-Van Meerveld
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D003106:Colon / Q000502:physiology*; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility / Q000502:physiology*; D007583:Jejunum / Q000502:physiology*; D023421:Models, Animal; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000502:physiology*; D009197:Myenteric Plexus / Q000502:physiology*; D010215:Papio
keywords: enteric neurodegeneration; myenteric plexus; non-human primate; normal aging