title: Chronic traumatic encephalopathy and other neurodegenerative proteinopathies.
abstract: "Chronic traumatic encephalopathy" (CTE) is described as a slowly progressive neurodegenerative disease believed to result from multiple concussions. Traditionally, concussions were considered benign events and although most people recover fully, about 10% develop a post-concussive syndrome with persisting neurological, cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms. CTE was once thought to be unique to boxers, but it has now been observed in many different athletes having suffered multiple concussions as well as in military personal after repeated blast injuries. Much remains unknown about the development of CTE but its pathological substrate is usually tau, similar to that seen in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). The aim of this "perspective" is to compare and contrast clinical and pathological CTE with the other neurodegenerative proteinopathies and highlight that there is an urgent need for understanding the relationship between concussion and the development of CTE as it may provide a window into the development of a proteinopathy and thus new avenues for treatment.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurology, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada ; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada ; Canadian Sports Concussion Project Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Maria Carmela
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Tartaglia
authors.affiliation: Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada ; Canadian Sports Concussion Project Toronto, ON, Canada ; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Lili-Naz
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Hazrati
authors.affiliation: Canadian Sports Concussion Project Toronto, ON, Canada ; Division of Neurosurgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada ; Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour - Systems Neuroscience, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network Toronto, ON, Canada ; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada ; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Karen D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.affiliation: Canadian Sports Concussion Project Toronto, ON, Canada ; Toronto Rehabilitation Institute Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Robin E A
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Green
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurology, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada ; Canadian Sports Concussion Project Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wennberg
authors.affiliation: Canadian Sports Concussion Project Toronto, ON, Canada ; Division of Neuroradiology, Joint Department of Medical Imaging, Toronto Western Hospital, The University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mikulis
authors.affiliation: Canadian Sports Concussion Project Toronto, ON, Canada ; Executive Director, Canadian Football League Alumni Association Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Leo J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Ezerins
authors.affiliation: Canadian Sports Concussion Project Toronto, ON, Canada ; Toronto Rehabilitation Institute Toronto, ON, Canada ; Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital Toronto, ON, Canada ; Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada ; Graduate Department of Rehabilitation Science, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada ; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Keightley
authors.affiliation: Canadian Sports Concussion Project Toronto, ON, Canada ; Division of Neurosurgery, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tator
keywords: Alzheimer's disease; chronic traumatic encephalopathy; concussions; frontotemporal lobar degeneration; neurodegenerative disease; tau