title: Aging without depression: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to analyze the association between secure attachment style, loneliness, and social network as risk factors for late-life depression.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional study examined 969 subjects of the KORA-Age study. We applied the Relationship-Specific Attachment Scales for Adults (Beziehungsspezifische Bindungsskalen für Erwachsene, BBE), the UCLA Loneliness Scale, and the Social Network Index (SNI). Depression was operationalized through the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) and/or use of antidepressants. Logistic-regression models were calculated, sex-stratified, and controlled for age and living status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For men, lower depression scores were associated with higher attachment security scores (OR = 0.26, 95% CI = 0.15-0.44) and not reporting feelings of loneliness (OR = 0.27, 95% CI = 0.14-0.53). For women, independent determinants of not having late life depression consist of not feeling lonely (OR = 0.22, 95% CI = 0.13-0.38).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Loneliness is a risk factor for late life depression in women and men, attachment style is a risk factor more for men, while social network size is not a risk factor.
authors.forename: Guenther
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Klug
authors.forename: Maria Elena
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Lacruz
authors.forename: Rebecca Thwing
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Emeny
authors.forename: Sibylle
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Häfner
authors.forename: Karl-Heinz
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Ladwig
authors.forename: Dorothea
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Huber
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000523:psychology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008132:Loneliness; D008297:Male; D009769:Object Attachment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012944:Social Support