title: Optimization of pyrene degradation by white-rot fungus Pleurotus pulmonarius F043 and characterization of its metabolites.
abstract: Pleurotus pulmonarius F043, a fungus collected from tropical rain forest, was used to degrade pyrene, a four-rings polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), in a mineral medium broth. A maximum degradation rate of pyrene (90 %) was occurred at pH 3 and the lowest degradation rate was found in the culture at pH 10 (2 %). More than 90 % pyrene degradation was achieved at pH ranged from 3 to 5, whereas the degradation rate significantly declined when the pH was >5. The degradation of pyrene increased from 2 to 96 % when the temperature rose from 4 to 25 °C. When the temperature was increased to 60 °C resulting the lowest degradation rate into 7 %. Among the agitation rates tested, 120 rpm was the best with 95 % degradation, followed by 100 rpm (90 %). The optimum agitation range for pyrene degradation by P. pulmonarius F043 was 100-120 rpm. Among all the concentrations tested, 0.5 % Tween 80 was the best with 98 % degradation, followed by 1 % Tween 80 (90 %). The optimum concentration of Tween 80 for pyrene degradation by P. pulmonarius F043 was 0.5-1 %. The degradation rate decreased, while the concentration of Tween 80 was increased. The metabolic product was found during degradation process through the identification of gentisic acid by TLC, UV-Spectrophotometer, and GC-MS.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental and Water Resource Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia, hadibarata@utm.my.
authors.forename: Tony
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hadibarata
authors.forename: Zee Chuang
authors.initials: ZC
authors.lastname: Teh
mesh_terms: D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D020076:Pleurotus / Q000254:growth & development*; D011136:Polysorbates / Q000494:pharmacology; D011721:Pyrenes / Q000378:metabolism*; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D011136:Polysorbates; D011721:Pyrenes; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; C030984:pyrene