title: Diet quality and markers of endothelial function: the CARDIA study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Dietary patterns are associated cross-sectionally with cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs). We studied prospective associations of three dietary patterns with CAMs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, diet was assessed at years 0 (1985-86) and 7 (1992-93) examinations. Four circulating CAMs (E-selectin, P-selectin, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1), and vascular cellular adhesion molecule (VCAM)) were assayed at years 7 and 15 (2000-01). We created one index score "A Priori Diet Quality Score" and derived dietary patterns using principal components analysis (PCA). Multivariable linear regression models predicted year 15 CAMs from averaged (year 0/7) dietary patterns. The A Priori Diet Quality Score rated 46 food groups beneficial, neutral or adverse based on hypothesized health effects. We derived two PCA dietary patterns: "fruit and vegetables (FV)" (high intakes of fruit, vegetables, and whole grains) and "meat" (high intakes of red meat, refined grain, and butter). All dietary patterns were related to E-selectin and sICAM-1. P-selectin was not related to the FV dietary pattern. VCAM was only related to the A Priori Diet Quality Score. Strongest associations were for the meat dietary pattern with E-selectin (effect size 28% of an SD (+3.9/13.7 ng/mL)) and P-selectin (effect size 37% of an SD (+4.1/11.2 ng/mL)) and the A Priori Diet Quality Score with sICAM-1 (effect size 34% of an SD (-15.1/44.7 ng/mL)) and VCAM (effect size of 26% of an SD (-45.1/170.3 ng/mL)).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This prospective analysis suggests that dietary patterns are associated with CAMs.
authors.affiliation: The Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; The Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: femke.sijtsma@wur.nl.
authors.forename: F P C
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Sijtsma
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.affiliation: The Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Steffen
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Van Horn
authors.affiliation: Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Shikany
authors.affiliation: The Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: A O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Odegaard
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Gross
authors.affiliation: The Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kromhout
authors.affiliation: The Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; The Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Jacobs
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000097:blood*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat / Q000009:adverse effects; D019007:P-Selectin / Q000097:blood*; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012306:Risk; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D015854:Up-Regulation; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019040:E-Selectin; C573420:ICAM1 protein, human; D019007:P-Selectin; C546936:SELE protein, human; C546937:SELP protein, human; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1
keywords: Cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs); Cohort; Diet; Endothelial function; Epidemiology