title: Temperature, hypoxia, and mycobacteriosis: effects on adult striped bass Morone saxatilis metabolic performance.
abstract: Mycobacteriosis, a chronic bacterial disease of fishes, is prevalent in adult striped bass from Chesapeake Bay (USA). Although environmental factors may play a role in disease expression, the interaction between the disease and environmental stress remains unexplored. We therefore examined the individual and interactive effects of elevated temperature, hypoxia, and mycobacteriosis on the metabolism of wild-caught adult striped bass from Chesapeake Bay using respirometry. Because the spleen is the primary target organ of mycobacteriosis in striped bass, we hypothesized that the disease interferes with the ability of fish to increase their hematocrit in the face of increasing oxygen demands. We determined standard metabolic rate (SMR), maximum metabolic rate under normoxia (MMRN), critical oxygen saturation (S(crit)), and MMR under hypoxia (3 mg O(2) l-1: MMR(H)) for healthy and visibly diseased fish (i.e. exhibiting skin lesions indicative of mycobacteriosis). Measurements were taken at a temperature within the preferred thermal range (20°C) and at an elevated temperature (28°C) considered stressful to striped bass. In addition, we calculated aerobic scope (AS(N) = MMR(N) - SMR, AS(H) = MMR(H) - SMR) and factorial scope (FS(N) = MMR(N) SMR-1, FS(H) = MMR(H) SMR-1). SMR increased with increasing temperature, and hypoxia reduced MMR, AS, and FS. Mycobacteriosis alone did not affect either MMR(N) or MMR(H). However, elevated temperature affected the ability of diseased striped bass to tolerate hypoxia (S(crit)). Overall, our data indicate that striped bass performance under hypoxia is impaired, and that elevated water temperatures, hypoxia, and severe mycobacteriosis together reduce aerobic scope more than any of these stressors acting alone. We conclude that the scope for activity of diseased striped bass in warm hypoxic waters is significantly compromised.
authors.affiliation: Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William & Mary, PO Box 1346, Gloucester Point, Virginia 23062, USA Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA Ecosystem Processes Division, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey 07732, USA Present address: Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada.
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lapointe
authors.forename: Wolfgang K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Vogelbein
authors.forename: Mary C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Fabrizio
authors.forename: David T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Gauthier
authors.forename: Richard W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Brill
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001492:Bass / Q000378:metabolism*; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D009164:Mycobacterium Infections / Q000378:metabolism / Q000662:veterinary*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; D010100:Oxygen