title: Arthritis in a glyptodont (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Cingulata).
abstract: Arthritic lesions have been frequently diagnosed in the fossil record, with spondyloarthropathy (a type of erosive and pan-mammalian arthritis) being one of the most common types described to date for mammals, though not restricted to this group. Here, we identify spondyloarthropathy in fossil bones from the late Pleistocene in Brazil assignable to a large glyptodont individual. Bone erosions in the peripheral joints (viz., the ulna, radius, left femur and tibiae-fibulae) associated with osteosclerosis allow the diagnosis of spondyloarthropathy. The presence of osteophytes in seven bones of the forelimbs (viz., the ulna and radius) and hind limbs (viz., the tibiae-fibulae, left femur and patellae) and a subchondral cyst in one element (viz., the left femur) indicate secondary osteoarthritis. A calcified deposition on the articular surface of the left patella indicates the presence of calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease, which, like the observed osteoarthritic alterations, likely represents a complication of spondyloarthropathy. This is the first report of spondyloarthropathy for xenarthrans.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Geologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernando Henrique de Souza
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Barbosa
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoró, Brazil.
authors.forename: Kleberson de Oliveira
authors.initials: Kde O
authors.lastname: Porpino
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoró, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Bernadete Lima
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Fragoso
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Geologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
authors.forename: Edison Vicente
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Oliveira
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001938:Brazil; D053476:Extinction, Biological; D005121:Extremities / Q000473:pathology*; D005580:Fossils; D025242:Spondylarthropathies / Q000473:pathology*; D004490:Xenarthra