title: Tea and coffee consumption and risk of esophageal cancer: the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition study.
abstract: Epidemiological data regarding tea and coffee consumption and risk of esophageal cancer (EC) is still inconclusive. We examined the association of tea and coffee consumption with EC risk among 442,143 men and women without cancer at baseline from 9 countries of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Tea and coffee intakes were recorded using country-specific validated dietary questionnaires. Cox regression models were used to analyze the relationships between tea and coffee intake and EC risk. During a mean follow-up of 11.1 years, 339 participants developed EC, of which 142 were esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and 174 were esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). In the multivariable models, no significant associations between tea (mostly black tea), and coffee intake and risk of EC, EAC and ESCC were observed. In stratified analyses, among men coffee consumption was inversely related to ESCC (HR for comparison of extreme tertiles 0.42, 95% CI 0.20-0.88; p-trend=0.022), but not among women. In current smokers, a significant and inverse association was observed between ESCC risk and tea (HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.23-0.93; p-trend=0.053) and coffee consumption (HR 0.37, 95% CI 0.19-0.73; p-trend=0.011). However, no statistically significant findings were observed using the continuous variable (per 100 mL/d). These data did not show a significant association between tea and coffee consumption and EC, EAC and ESCC, although a decreased risk of ESCC among men and current smokers is suggested, but need to be confirmed in further prospective studies including more cases.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Nutrition Environment and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Raul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zamora-Ros
authors.forename: Leila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Luján-Barroso
authors.forename: H Bas
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Bueno-de-Mesquita
authors.forename: Vincent K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Dik
authors.forename: Heiner
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Boeing
authors.forename: Annika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Steffen
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tjønneland
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Olsen
authors.forename: Bodil Hammer
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Bech
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Overvad
authors.forename: Marie-Christine
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Boutron-Ruault
authors.forename: Antoine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Racine
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fagherazzi
authors.forename: Tilman
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuhn
authors.forename: Verena
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Katzke
authors.forename: Antonia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Trichopoulou
authors.forename: Pagona
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lagiou
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Trichopoulos
authors.forename: Rosario
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tumino
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Panico
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vineis
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grioni
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Palli
authors.forename: Elisabete
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Weiderpass
authors.forename: Guri
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Skeie
authors.forename: José María
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Huerta
authors.forename: María-José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Sánchez
authors.forename: Marcial
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Argüelles
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Amiano
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ardanaz
authors.forename: Lena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.forename: Bengt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wallner
authors.forename: Björn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lindkvist
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wallström
authors.forename: Petra H M
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Peeters
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Key
authors.forename: Kay-Thee
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Khaw
authors.forename: Nicholas J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Wareham
authors.forename: Heinz
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Freisling
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stepien
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.forename: Marc J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Gunter
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: Elio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Riboli
authors.forename: Carlos A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: González
mesh_terms: D003069:Coffee; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D013662:Tea
chemical_list: D003069:Coffee; D013662:Tea
keywords: EPIC; coffee; esophageal cancer; smoking status; tea