title: Divergent parasite faunas in adjacent populations of west Greenland caribou: Natural and anthropogenic influences on diversity.
abstract: Gastrointestinal parasite diversity was characterised for two adjacent populations of west Greenland caribou (Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus) through examinations of abomasa and small intestines collected from adult and subadult females during late winter. Three trichostrongyline (Trichostrongylina: Nematoda) species were identified from the abomasa, although none were recovered from the small intestines, with faunal composition differing between the caribou populations. In caribou from Kangerlussuaq-Sisimiut, Marshallagia marshalli and Teladorsagia boreoarcticus were highly prevalent at 100% and 94.1%, respectively. In contrast, Ostertagia gruehneri was found at 100% prevalence in Akia-Maniitsoq caribou, and was the only abomasal parasite species present in that population. We hypothesise that parasite faunal differences between the populations are a consequence of parasite loss during caribou colonisation of the region approximately 4000-7000 years ago, followed by a more recent spill-over of parasites from muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus wardi) and semi-domesticated Norwegian reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) introduced to Kangerlussuaq-Sisimiut and Akia-Maniitsoq regions, respectively, in the 20th century.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, HSC 2530, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 1N4.
authors.forename: Jillian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Steele
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, HSC 2530, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 1N4.
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Orsel
authors.affiliation: Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, P.O. Box 570, 3900 Nuuk, Greenland.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cuyler
authors.affiliation: US National Parasite Collection, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, BARC East 1180, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
authors.forename: Eric P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Hoberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark ; Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, C.F. Møllers Allé 8, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: Niels M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, HSC 2530, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 1N4.
authors.forename: Susan J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kutz
keywords: Arctic; Invasions; Marshallagia marshalli; Nematoda; Rangifer tarandus; Teladorsagia boreoarcticus