title: Selected nutrition practices of women on hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis: observations from the NKF-CRN Second National Research Question Collaborative Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to report selected nutrition behavior practices (type and amount of fat, fiber, and beverage intake) collected by self-administered validated food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) as part of the 1998 to 1999 NKF-CRN Second National Research Question Collaborative Study Group.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was conducted on a prospective randomized cohort of 264 adult women 18 years of age or older that were on hemodialysis (HD) or peritoneal dialysis for more than 3 months and were receiving treatment in 116 U.S. dialysis centers. These women completed the same self-administered validated FFQ used in the Women's Health Initiative Dietary Modification Trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Main outcome measures included tabulated FFQ data and selected nutrition practices using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage). Associations with selected demographic and geographic region variables were examined, and nutrition practice differences by age, registered dietitian full-time equivalents, years on dialysis, and body mass index (BMI) categories were investigated using analyses of variance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Demographics (mean ± standard deviation) were age (56.1 ± 15.3 years), years on dialysis (5.3 ± 4.6 years), and race/ethnicity (62% White, 30% Black) with 86% on HD. The nutrition behavior of taking the skin off of chicken was more prevalent in White women (P < .0005) whereas adding fat to cooking was higher in Black women (P < .0005). Differences in other selected nutrition practices were also observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low-fat intake behaviors were reported in 30% to 50% of the sample; fiber intake was minimal (mean 10 g/day). Self-administered FFQs may have limitations in calculating actual intake, but this is the first report of dietary patterns specifically in women undergoing maintenance dialysis from 1998 to 1999. These data could be used to increase fruit and vegetable intake within renal diet parameters and support awareness of healthier food choices.
authors.affiliation: DaVita Redding Dialysis, DaVita HealthCare Partners, Inc, Redding, California; Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Loyola University Health Care System, Maywood, Illinois; Department of Nutrition Sciences, Dominican University, River Forest, Illinois; Rush University, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Kathy J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Luttrell
authors.affiliation: DaVita Redding Dialysis, DaVita HealthCare Partners, Inc, Redding, California; Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Loyola University Health Care System, Maywood, Illinois; Department of Nutrition Sciences, Dominican University, River Forest, Illinois; Rush University, Chicago, Illinois. Electronic address: jbeto@lumc.edu.
authors.forename: Judith A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Beto
authors.affiliation: DaVita Redding Dialysis, DaVita HealthCare Partners, Inc, Redding, California; Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Loyola University Health Care System, Maywood, Illinois; Department of Nutrition Sciences, Dominican University, River Forest, Illinois; Rush University, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Christine C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Tangney
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001628:Beverages; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002149:Energy Intake; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D044623:Nutrition Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014675:Vegetables; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D004043:Dietary Fiber