title: EGFR signaling-dependent inhibition of glioblastoma growth by ginsenoside Rh2.
abstract: Glioblastoma is the most common and most aggressive malignant primary brain tumor in humans, accounting for 52 % of all functional tissue brain tumor cases and 20 % of all intracranial tumors. The typical treatment involves a combination of chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery, whereas it still achieves fairly poor patient survival. Ginsenoside Rh2 has been reported to have a therapeutic effect on some tumors, but its effect on glioblastoma has not been extensively evaluated. Here, we show that ginsenoside Rh2 can substantially inhibit the growth of glioblastoma in vitro and in vivo in a mouse model. Moreover, the inhibition of the tumor growth appears to result from combined effects on decreased tumor cell proliferation and increased tumor cell apoptosis. Further analyses suggest that ginsenoside Rh2 may have its antiglioblastoma effect through inhibition of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway in tumor cells. In a lose-of-function experiment, recombinant EGFR was given together with ginsenoside Rh2 to the tumor cells in vitro and in vivo, which completely blocked the antitumor effects of ginsenoside Rh2. Thus, our data not only reveal an anti-glioblastoma effect of ginsenoside Rh2 but also demonstrate that this effect may function via inhibition of EGFR signaling in glioblastoma cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhaojie, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China, lishaoyi2014@163.com.
authors.forename: Shaoyi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Weining
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Wenchang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Tianci
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Yunhui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000032:analysis / Q000502:physiology*; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D036145:Ginsenosides; C055305:ginsenoside Rh2; D066246:ErbB Receptors