title: Differences in the association of hip cartilage lesions and cam-type femoroacetabular impingement with movement patterns: a preliminary study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the differences in hip movement patterns during different daily and athletic activities in persons with cam-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) with and without cartilage lesions compared with control subjects in a preliminary study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Controlled laboratory study using a cross-sectional design.
  
  
  METHODS
  Research institution with a tertiary care medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen subjects [M:F, 13:2; age, 31.6 ± 9.7 years (range, 22-52 years); body mass index, 24.9 ± 4.6 (range, 18.8-38.4); FAI:control, 7:8].
  
  
  METHODS
  All subjects had 3-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging of the hip and also underwent 3-dimensional motion capture during walking, deep-squat, and drop-landing tasks. Experienced radiologists graded cartilage lesions on clinical magnetic resonance images.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Peak kinematic and kinetic variables were compared between subjects who did and did not have FAI, and subjects who had FAI and cartilage lesions were compared with subjects who did not have cartilage lesions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects who had FAI demonstrated no significant differences for walking or drop landing compared with control subjects. However, during the deep-squat task, subjects with FAI adducted more and had a greater internal rotation moment. Subjects who had cartilage lesions in the presence of a cam lesion demonstrated (1) no difference for walking; (2) greater adduction, greater internal rotation moment, and lower transverse plane range of motion during the deep-squat task; and (3) greater adduction and lower internal rotation during the drop-landing task compared with subjects who did not have cartilage lesions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We observed differences in movement patterns between subjects who had FAI compared with control subjects. However, the differences were more pronounced between subjects with FAI who had cartilage lesions compared with subjects who did not have cartilage lesions. These findings highlight the importance of understanding the complex interplay between bony morphologic features, cartilage lesions, and movement patterns in persons with cam-type FAI.
authors.affiliation: Musculoskeletal Quantitative Imaging Research Group, Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California-San Francisco, 1700 4th St, Suite 203, Byers Hall, UCSF Mission Bay, San Francisco, CA 94158(∗). Electronic address: deepak.kumar@ucsf.edu.
authors.forename: Deepak
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Musculoskeletal Quantitative Imaging Research Group, Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA(†).
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dillon
authors.affiliation: Musculoskeletal Quantitative Imaging Research Group, Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA(‡).
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nardo
authors.affiliation: Musculoskeletal Quantitative Imaging Research Group, Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA(§).
authors.forename: Thomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Link
authors.affiliation: Musculoskeletal Quantitative Imaging Research Group, Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA(¶).
authors.forename: Sharmila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Majumdar
authors.affiliation: Musculoskeletal Quantitative Imaging Research Group, Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, and Physical Therapy, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA(#).
authors.forename: Richard B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Souza
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004425:Ear Cartilage / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D057925:Femoracetabular Impingement / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology*; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult