title: The influence of fasting insulin level in post-gestational diabetes mellitus women receiving low-glycaemic-index diets.
abstract: Post-gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) women are recommended weight loss to manage increased cardio-metabolic risks. We investigated the effects of lowering diet glycaemic index (GI) on fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum lipids, body weight and composition of post-GDM women with varying fasting insulin levels (INS). Seventy-seven Asian, non-diabetic women with previous GDM (aged 20-40 years, mean BMI: 26.4±4.6 kg m(-2)) were recruited. At baseline, 20 subjects with INS <2 μIU ml(-1) and 18 with INS 2 μIU ml(-1) received conventional dietary recommendations (CHDR) only. CHDR emphasised energy and fat intake restriction and encouraged increase in dietary fibre intakes. Twenty-four subjects with INS <2 μIU ml(-1) and 15 with INS 2 μIU ml(-1), in addition to CHDR, received low-GI education (LGI). Changes in FBG, serum lipids, body weight and body composition were evaluated. Subjects with INS <2 μIU ml(-1) had similar outcomes with both diets. After 1 year, subjects with INS 2 μIU ml(-1) who received LGI education had reductions in FBG and triglycerides. Subjects who received CHDR observed increase in both FBG and triglycerides (P<0.05). Among all subjects, diet GI was lower and dietary fibre intakes were higher in LGI compared with CHDR subjects (all P<0.05). Thus, in Asian post-GDM women with normal/higher INS, adding low-GI education to CHDR improved management of FBG and triglycerides.
authors.affiliation: Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (National University of Malaysia), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Ghani
authors.affiliation: School of Post Graduate Studies and Research, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shyam
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Arshad
authors.affiliation: Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (National University of Malaysia), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Wahab
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chinna
authors.affiliation: Dietetics Program, School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Safii
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: M Y B
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Nisak
authors.affiliation: Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (National University of Malaysia), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Kamaruddin