title: Two offset printing workers with cholangiocarcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previously, the author reported a cluster of 11 cholangiocarcinoma cases exposed to 1,2-dichloropropane (1,2-DCP) and/or dichloromethane (DCM) in an offset proof-printing company. Before that report, the association between the two chemicals and cholangiocarcinoma had not been known. The current study describes two cholangiocarcinoma patients exposed to 1,2-DCP or DCM in different offset printing companies.
  
  
  METHODS
  The author obtained medical records for the patients, and interviewed the surviving patient and a relative of the deceased patient about their occupational history.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Case 1 was a man born in 1950. He worked in the printing section in a proof-printing company for 26 years. He was diagnosed as cholangiocarcinoma in 1998 and died in 2000. In proof-printing operations, he used gasoline for 14 years and 1,2-DCP for 11 years to remove ink from a rubber transcription roller (blanket). The exposure concentration of 1,2-DCP was estimated to be between 72 and 5,200 ppm. Case 2 was a man born in 1963. He worked in the printing section in a general offset printing company for 11 years. He was diagnosed with cholangiocarcinoma in 2007. In printing operations, he used both kerosene and a mixture of 50% DCM and 50% 1,1,1-trichloroethane (1,1,1-TCE) for 11 years to remove ink from a blanket. The exposure concentration of DCM was estimated to be between 240 and 6,100 ppm. He was simultaneously exposed to similar levels of 1,1,1-TCE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because the offset printing process may cause cholangiocarcinoma, occupational history should be examined for patients with this cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Management of Occupational Safety and Health, University of Occupational and Environmental Health.
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumagai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008752:Methylene Chloride / Q000633:toxicity*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016272:Occupational Health; D011327:Printing; D011407:Propane / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000633:toxicity; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D008752:Methylene Chloride; C004765:propylene dichloride; D011407:Propane