title: Music reduces panic: an initial study of listening to preferred music improves male patient discomfort and anxiety during flexible cystoscopy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the impact of listening to preferred music on relieving male patients' pain and anxiety during flexible cystoscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 124 male patients were admitted to our hospital for flexile cystoscopy by a single urologist between January 2013 and September 2013 and randomized to two equal groups. Group 2 included 62 patients who could select and listen to their preferred music during flexible cystoscopy. Group 1 included 62 patients who were unable to listen to the music. All patients were administered the same amount of lidocaine (10 mL) for 3 minutes for local anesthesia before flexible cystoscopy. A visual analog scale (VAS) ranging from 0 to 10 was used to assess patients' pain feeling after the cystoscopy procedure. Anxiety levels were calculated according to the State Instrument of State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S), and the pulse rate were recorded 5 minutes before and immediately after the procedure. The duration of the procedure of each group were also analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistically significant differences were detected between group 1 and group 2 in the mean pain score on VAS (2.53 ± 1.34 vs 1.63 ± 1.09, P=0.002, Mann-Whitney U test), mean postprocedural State Anxiety Inventory pain score (39.4 ± 6.5 vs 34.5 ± 5.8), and postprocedural pulse rate (79.8 ± 5.5 vs 76.0 ± 7.3) (P<0.001 for both, t test). Patients who listened to their preferred music experienced less discomfort and lower anxiety at cystoscopy. Patient age, duration of the procedure, preprocedural STAI-S, and preprocedural pulse rate of each group were comparable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Listening to preferred music during flexible cystoscopy is an easy way to improves male patients' comfort and reduce their anxiety. It could be recommended for male patients.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University , Shanghai, China .
authors.forename: Zhen-Sheng
authors.initials: ZS
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xiao-Lin
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Chuan-Liang
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Wei-Dong
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Rong-Chao
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Ying-Hao
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D003558:Cystoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009147:Music Therapy; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods*; D010147:Pain Measurement
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine