title: Ocular trauma in patients with maxillofacial fractures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to analyze and evaluate ocular injuries in patients with maxillofacial fractures. Correlation of the ocular injury and patients' age, sex, trauma mechanism, and type of maxillofacial fracture was also investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 2000 to December 2009, a total of 1131 patients with facial fractures were registered. The information and data collected and analyzed included the following: age, sex, mechanism of injury, type of facial fracture, type of ocular injury, and the relationship between ocular injury and facial fracture.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ocular injury (349 injuries) was sustained by 209 patients (18.5%), with a male/female ratio of 5.33:1 (176 males and 33 females). The age range of the patients associated with ocular trauma was 3 to 68 years (mean [SD], 32.40 [11.27] y). Patients aged 30 to 39 years showed the highest risk for ocular trauma (odds ratio [OR], 1.852; P < 0.001). Children showed the lowest risk for ocular injuries (OR, 0.162; P < 0.001). Motor vehicle accidents were the most common mechanism of injury (97 patients, 46.4%). Motor vehicle accidents also had a 2.243-fold risk for ocular trauma (OR, 2.243; P = 0.021). Ocular traumas were more prone to occur in patients who sustained midfacial fractures (OR, 10.232; P < 0.001), especially the patients with multiple midfacial fractures (OR, 12.389; P < 0.001). Fracture of the mandible had the lowest risk for ocular injuries (multimandibular fractures: OR, 0.035, P < 0.001; single mandibular fracture: OR, 0.151; P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The occurrence of ocular injuries was significantly related to sex, age, etiology, as well as the pattern and position of the maxillofacial fractures.
authors.affiliation: From the State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hai-Hua
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Rong-Tao
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Zhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Zu-Bing
authors.initials: ZB
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D005131:Eye Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008337:Mandibular Fractures / Q000453:epidemiology; D008440:Maxillary Fractures / Q000453:epidemiology; D008446:Maxillofacial Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009104:Multiple Trauma / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012887:Skull Fractures / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055815:Young Adult; D015051:Zygomatic Fractures / Q000453:epidemiology