title: The association of depression and anxiety with glycemic control among Mexican Americans with diabetes living near the U.S.-Mexico border.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prevalence of diabetes is alarmingly high among Mexican American adults residing near the U.S.-Mexico border. Depression is also common among Mexican Americans with diabetes, and may have a negative influence on diabetes management. Thus, the purpose of the current study was to evaluate the associations of depression and anxiety with the behavioral management of diabetes and glycemic control among Mexican American adults living near the border.
  
  
  METHODS
  The characteristics of Mexican Americans with diabetes living in Brownsville, TX (N = 492) were compared by depression/anxiety status. Linear regression models were conducted to evaluate the associations of depression and anxiety with BMI, waist circumference, physical activity, fasting glucose, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants with clinically significant depression and/or anxiety were of greater age, predominantly female, less educated, more likely to have been diagnosed with diabetes, and more likely to be taking diabetes medications than those without depression or anxiety. In addition, anxious participants were more likely than those without anxiety to have been born in Mexico and to prefer study assessments in Spanish rather than English. Greater depression and anxiety were associated with poorer behavioral management of diabetes (i.e., greater BMI and waist circumference; engaging in less physical activity) and poorer glycemic control (i.e., higher fasting glucose, HbA1c).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, depression and anxiety appear to be linked with poorer behavioral management of diabetes and glycemic control. Findings highlight the need for comprehensive interventions along the border which target depression and anxiety in conjunction with diabetes management.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Dallas, TX, USA. Darla.Kendzor@UTSouthwestern.edu.
authors.forename: Darla E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Kendzor
authors.forename: Minxing
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Belinda M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Reininger
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Businelle
authors.forename: Diana W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: Susan P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Fisher-Hoch
authors.forename: Anne R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Rentfro
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Wetter
authors.forename: Joseph B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: McCormick
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D055118:Medication Adherence; D017058:Mexican Americans / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D013781:Texas / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents