title: Identification of quercitrin as a potential therapeutic agent for periodontal applications.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Flavonoids are natural phenolic compounds with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial capacity. This study aims to investigate the effects of different flavonoids for potential use in periodontal applications.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cultures of Staphylococcus epidermidis or primary human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) were treated with different doses of chrysin, diosmetin, galangin, quercitrin, and taxifolin. The effect of these molecules was evaluated on S. epidermidis growth rate and HGF viability, gene expression, collagen production, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, wound healing, and production of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and tissue inhibitor of MMP-1 (TIMP1).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among all the screened flavonoids, quercitrin showed the most promising biologic effects, in both HGFs and S. epidermidis. Thus, quercitrin was not toxic for HGFs; increased collagen IIIα1 and decorin levels; downregulated interleukin-6 messenger RNA levels; decreased the expression of profibrotic markers during wound healing; decreased ROS levels in basal and stimulated conditions; and decreased the MMP1/TIMP1 ratio. Quercitrin also decreased the bacterial growth rate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RESULTS suggest that quercitrin could contribute to protect and recover the integrity of gingival tissues, thus displaying a potential use for periodontal disease treatment or to functionalize dental implant abutments to improve soft tissue integration. Further studies are required to confirm the role of quercitrin in gingival tissues.
authors.affiliation: Group of Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering, Research Institute on Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma, Palma, España).
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gómez-Florit
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Monjo
authors.forename: Joana M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ramis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003094:Collagen / Q000187:drug effects; D024061:Collagen Type III / Q000187:drug effects; D058575:Decorin / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D005881:Gingiva / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000187:drug effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D011794:Quercetin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000032:analysis; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis / Q000187:drug effects*; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000187:drug effects; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; C439971:COL3A1 protein, human; D024061:Collagen Type III; C546878:DCN protein, human; D058575:Decorin; D005419:Flavonoids; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C560822:TIMP1 protein, human; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; C037032:galangin; C012526:quercitrin; C043561:chrysin; D003094:Collagen; D011794:Quercetin; C003377:taxifolin; C522360:MMP1 protein, human; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1; C039602:diosmetin
keywords: Antioxidants; TIMP1 protein; fibroblasts; flavonoids; human; periodontal diseases; wound healing