title: Mining echocardiography workflows for disease discriminative patterns.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To provide quick diagnostic insights to medical practitioners into echocardiograms by only analyzing the echocardiogram workflows (defined as the sequence of modalities examined).
  
  
  METHODS
  We define a dictionary of workflows, called subflows, which are commonly encountered in echocardiography workflows but are mutually exclusive. We represent each workflow as a mixture of dictionary subflows and learn discriminative models for various cardiac diseases using Support Vector Machines. Using these discriminative models, we can predict occurrences of diseases for any, yet unseen, echocardiogram workflow.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Working with a corpus of 2300 echocardiograms workflows, we build a dictionary of 172 subflows. Using the associated reports (expert created) we identify the ground-truth diagnoses. We then build discriminative models for 7 different cardiac diseases. Using just the workflow as input, these models can predict diseases on average with over 75% accuracy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mining collection of echocardiography workflows, for the first time, we are able to predict diseases without even looking at the image contents.
authors.affiliation: IBM Research - Almaden, San Jose, CA.
authors.forename: Ritwik
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: IBM Research - Almaden, San Jose, CA.
authors.forename: Tanveer
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Syeda-Mahmood
authors.affiliation: IBM Research - Almaden, San Jose, CA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Beymer
authors.affiliation: IBM Research - Almaden, San Jose, CA.
authors.forename: Colin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Compas
authors.affiliation: IBM Research - Almaden, San Jose, CA.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Brannon
mesh_terms: D057225:Data Mining; D003933:Diagnosis; D004452:Echocardiography; D006801:Humans; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated; D057188:Workflow