title: Institutionalizing dissent: a proposal for an adversarial system of pharmaceutical research.
abstract: There are serious problems with the way in which pharmaceutical research is currently practiced, many of which can be traced to the influence of commercial interests on research. One of the most significant is inadequate dissent, or organized skepticism. In order to ameliorate this problem, I develop a proposal that I call the "Adversarial Proceedings for the Evaluation of Pharmaceuticals," to be instituted within a regulatory agency such as the Food and Drug Administration for the evaluation of controversial new drugs and controversial drugs already in the market. This proposal is an organizational one based upon the "science court" proposal by Arthur Kantrowitz in the 1960s and 1970s. The primary benefit of this system is its ability to institutionalize dissent, thereby ensuring that one set of interests does not dominate all others.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA.
authors.forename: Justin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Biddle
mesh_terms: D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000941:ethics* / Q000639:trends; D003132:Commerce / Q000941:ethics; D034462:Dissent and Disputes; D004345:Drug Industry / Q000191:economics / Q000941:ethics*; D006801:Humans; D014481:United States; D014486:United States Food and Drug Administration / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends