title: Assessment of cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease: prevalence and risk factors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although Parkinson's disease (PD) is clinically characterized by motor symptoms, cognitive impairment is one of the most disabling non-motor symptoms. Despite it attracting increasing attention worldwide, less is known about its prevalence in the Chinese population. The objective of this study was to assess cognitive impairment and related risk factors in Chinese PD patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We collected the demographic, diagnostic, and treatment information of 901 PD patients from 42 centers throughout the People's Republic of China, then administered a battery of neuropsychological tests, to assess motor, cognitive, and neuropsychiatric symptoms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 193 of 901 (21.4%) PD patients met the criteria for dementia (PD-D), and 206 (22.8%) met the criteria for mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI). Visuospatial dysfunction and attention/executive impairment predominated. Increased severity of cognitive impairment was associated with greater motor impairment. Patients with psychiatric symptoms, such as depression and hallucinations, were more likely to have dementia. Potentially, the younger-aged and more educated are shown less cognitive impairment, but age at onset, and levodopa equivalent dose, were not associated with the presence of cognitive dysfunction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence and profile of cognitive impairment in Chinese PD patients, as well as the risk factors, are similar as those reported for other races, but the frequency of nonamnestic cognitive domains differs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatrics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qiumei
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhenxin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hongbo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China ; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D003704:Dementia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
keywords: Parkinson’s disease; cognitive impairment; prevalence; risk factor