title: Pattern analysis of nerve enlargement using ultrasonography in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Focal nerve enlargement is a characteristic finding in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). We performed this study to assess the distribution of nerve enlargement through ultrasonographic examination of peripheral nerves and to correlate the ultrasonographic findings with clinical features.
  
  
  METHODS
  To compare the ultrasonographic features of 10 subjects with CIDP with those of 18 healthy controls, we bilaterally measured the cross-sectional areas (CSA) of the vagus, brachial plexus, musculocutaneous, median, ulnar, radial, sciatic, tibial, common peroneal, and sural nerves. We also analyzed correlations between CSAs and various clinical and electrophysiological features.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean CSAs were significantly larger in CIDP patients than controls, especially at proximal and non-entrapment sites. CSAs were significantly correlated with muscle strength at initial presentation, but not at the time of ultrasonography. The CSAs of the median and ulnar nerves at the mid-forearm, tibial nerve at 7 cm proximal to the medial malleolus, and sural nerve correlated with the nerve conduction velocity of the corresponding region.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ultrasonography revealed widely distributed nerve enlargement, especially in proximal regions and non-entrapment sites, in patients with CIDP compared with healthy controls. Nerve enlargement correlated well with the electrophysiologic function of the nerve, but not current clinical status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pattern analysis of nerve enlargement using ultrasonography is a supportive tool in the diagnosis of CIDP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Hong
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Stanford University Medical Center, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Charles S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung-Sook
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hung Youl
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Seok
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea. Electronic address: nukbj@korea.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Byung-Jo
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019412:Anatomy, Cross-Sectional; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053580:Muscle Strength; D009431:Neural Conduction; D010525:Peripheral Nerves / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D020277:Polyradiculoneuropathy, Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014463:Ultrasonography
keywords: Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy; Cross-sectional area; Ultrasonography