title: A nano-sized manganese oxide in a protein matrix as a natural water-oxidizing site.
abstract: The purpose of this review is to present recent advances in the structural and functional studies of water-oxidizing center of Photosystem II and its surrounding protein matrix in order to synthesize artificial catalysts for production of clean and efficient hydrogen fuel.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran; Center of Climate Change and Global Warming, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran. Electronic address: mmnajafpour@iasbs.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Mohammad Mahdi
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Najafpour
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohadeseh Zarei
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Ghobadi
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran; Center of Climate Change and Global Warming, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran.
authors.forename: Behzad
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Haghighi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka 1-3, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan; PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Saitama 332-0012, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tomo
authors.affiliation: Departement de Chimie Biochimie et Physique, Université du Québec à Trois Rivières, C.P. 500, Québec G9A 5H7, Canada.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Carpentier
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
authors.forename: Jian-Ren
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow 127276, Russia; Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia. Electronic address: suleyman.allakhverdiev@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Suleyman I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Allakhverdiev
mesh_terms: D002384:Catalysis; D008027:Light; D017895:Manganese Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D008956:Models, Chemical; D008958:Models, Molecular; D053758:Nanoparticles; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D017785:Photons; D010788:Photosynthesis; D045332:Photosystem II Protein Complex / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D010944:Plants / Q000378:metabolism*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D017895:Manganese Compounds; D010087:Oxides; D045332:Photosystem II Protein Complex; D014867:Water; C027424:manganese oxide; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Artificial photosynthesis; H(2) production; Nano-layered Mn oxide; Nano-sized Mn–Ca cluster; Oxygen evolution; Photosystem II; Water-oxidizing center