title: Green tea, cocoa, and red wine polyphenols moderately modulate intestinal inflammation and do not increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL) production.
abstract: Although polyphenols are often merely perceived as antioxidants, their biological activities are manifold and include anti-inflammatory actions. A new area of research on polyphenols and health concerns their putative role in cholesterol metabolism, in particular, their high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c)-raising potential. Indeed, some human studies showed that administration of polyphenol-rich foods such as cocoa, green tea, and extra virgin olive oil modulate and increase HDL-c concentrations. This study assessed the effects of polyphenols on intestinal inflammation, using the physiologically relevant Caco-2 Transwell model and using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to trigger inflammation. This study also investigated the mechanisms of actions behind the proposed HDL-c-increasing effects of polyphenols. The data suggest that polyphenols (at least those from red wine, cocoa, and green tea) administered at a dietary dose moderately modulate intestinal inflammation but do not increase cholesterol secretion by intestinal cells or enhance HDL functionality. Nutraceuticals and supplements provide pharmanutritional doses that might, conversely, produce beneficial effects.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Functional Foods (LabAFun), Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food; CEI UAM + CSIC , 28049 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nicod
authors.forename: Gemma
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chiva-Blanch
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Giordano
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dávalos
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Visioli
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology; D002099:Cacao / Q000737:chemistry*; D018938:Caco-2 Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D028241:Camellia sinensis / Q000737:chemistry*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000378:metabolism; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000378:metabolism*; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014920:Wine
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D059808:Polyphenols