title: Socio-demographic, behavioral, and health correlates of nutrition transition dietary indicators in San Juan, Puerto Rico.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify socio-demographic, behavioral, and health-related correlates of food preferences in Puerto Rico that will help determine Caribbean-region populations vulnerable to nutrition transition.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from a cross-sectional study of a representative sample of 858 adults residing in the San Juan Metropolitan Area of Puerto Rico were analyzed. Multivariable ordinal logistic regressions were used to model the frequency of consumption of 1) fruits and vegetables, 2) tubers/starchy root vegetables, 3) fried foods, and 4) Western-style fast foods as a function of socio-demographic, behavioral, and health-related characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Higher frequency of consumption of fruits and vegetables was associated with being physically active and older and having a medium to high level of education, whereas intake of tubers was associated with being older, having a low income, not using government insurance, and having elevated levels of triglycerides. Frequency of consumption of fast food was associated with younger age, higher income, 12-15 years of formal education, and a higher body mass index (BMI), whereas frequency of consumption of fried food was associated with being younger and male, not being a smoker, and having elevated levels of fasting blood glucose.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate a nutrition transition in Puerto Rico with health consequences for the Caribbean region. The characteristics of this nutrition transition seem to be determined by income, education, and age, but may also be dictated by access to various food groups. These results set the stage for needed investigation of environmental and individual-level factors that could shape patterns in food consumption.
authors.affiliation: Department of Global Health, George Washington University, Washington, Columbia, United States of America, uriyoan@gwu.edu.
authors.forename: Uriyoán
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Colón-Ramos
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
authors.forename: Cynthia M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Pérez-Cardona
authors.affiliation: Nutrition and Health Unit, Costa Rican Institute for Research and Education on Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Health, Tres Ríos, Costa Rica.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Monge-Rojas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000886:Anthropometry; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D003296:Cooking / Q000379:methods; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet / Q000639:trends*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005518:Food Preferences; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011647:Puerto Rico; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014505:Urban Population
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008055:Lipids