title: The interactive effects of soil transplant into colder regions and cropping on soil microbiology and biogeochemistry.
abstract: Soil transplant into warmer regions has been shown to alter soil microbiology. In contrast, little is known about the effects of soil transplant into colder regions, albeit that climate cooling has solicited attention in recent years. To address this question, we transplanted bare fallow soil over large transects from southern China (subtropical climate zone) to central (warm temperate climate zone) and northern China (cold temperate climate zone). After an adaptation period of 4 years, soil nitrogen components, microbial biomass and community structures were altered. However, the effects of soil transplant on microbial communities were dampened by maize cropping, unveiling a negative interaction between cropping and transplant. Further statistical analyses with Canonical correspondence analysis and Mantel tests unveiled annual average temperature, relative humidity, aboveground biomass, soil pH and NH4 (+) -N content as environmental attributes closely correlated with microbial functional structures. In addition, average abundances of amoA-AOA (ammonia-oxidizing archaea) and amoA-AOB (ammonia-oxidizing bacteria) genes were significantly (P < 0.05) correlated with soil nitrification capacity, hence both AOA and AOB contributed to the soil functional process of nitrification. These results suggested that the soil nitrogen cycle was intimately linked with microbial community structure, and both were subjected to disturbance by soil transplant to colder regions and plant cropping.
authors.affiliation: State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Shanshan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Yuguang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zhili
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Joy D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Van Nostrand
authors.forename: Jizhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Yunfeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000378:metabolism; D001105:Archaea / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018533:Biomass; D002681:China; D002980:Climate; D003080:Cold Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects*; D059013:Microbial Consortia / Q000235:genetics*; D058465:Nitrification; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis; D058458:Nitrogen Cycle; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D012987:Soil; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D003313:Zea mays / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D012987:Soil; D000641:Ammonia; D009584:Nitrogen