title: Differential behavior between S100A9 and adiponectin in coronary artery disease. Plasma or epicardial fat.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  S100A9 is a new inflammatory marker associated with obesity and cardiovascular disease. Because epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is an inflammatory source in coronary artery disease (CAD), our aim was to evaluate the S100A9 levels in plasma and EAT and its association with CAD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood, EAT and/or subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) biopsies were obtained from 89 patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery. Plasma S100A9 and adiponectin were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and mRNA expression in both fat pads and were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results have shown higher levels of plasma S100A9 in patients with CAD than those without (29 [10-50] vs. 17 [3-28] ng/mL; p=0.007). They were dependent on the number of injured-coronaries (p=0.002) with tendency toward negative association with plasma adiponectin (p=0.139). Although EAT expressed higher levels than SAT and their levels were higher in CAD patients, this last difference did not reach statistical significance. However, there was a positive correlation between neutrophils and EAT S100A9 expression (p=0.007) that may reveal an increase of neutrophil filtration on this fat pad.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Plasma S100A9 levels are increased in chronic CAD. The absence of differences regarding EAT S100A9 expression levels indicates a differential inflammatory process between fat tissues and blood in CAD process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology and Coronary Unit, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: Rosa María
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Agra
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology and Coronary Unit, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: Elvis
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Teijeira-Fernández
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, University Clinical Hospital of Virgen de la Arrixaca, Spain; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virgen de la Arrixaca, Spain.
authors.forename: Domingo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pascual-Figal
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, University Clinical Hospital of Virgen de la Arrixaca, Spain; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virgen de la Arrixaca, Spain.
authors.forename: Sánchez-Más
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Jesús
authors.affiliation: Health Research Institute, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: Ángel
authors.initials: Á
authors.lastname: Fernández-Trasancos
authors.affiliation: Department of Heart Surgery, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sierra
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology and Coronary Unit, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Health Research Institute, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: José Ramón
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: González-Juanatey
authors.affiliation: Health Research Institute, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Spain. Electronic address: sonia.eiras.penas@sergas.es.
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eiras
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000368:Aged; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D040502:Calgranulin B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010496:Pericardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D050151:Subcutaneous Fat / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; D052242:Adiponectin; D001798:Blood Proteins; D040502:Calgranulin B; D012333:RNA, Messenger
keywords: Coronary artery disease; Epicardial adipose tissue; S100A9