title: Biodegradation of organochlorine pesticide endosulfan by bacterial strain Alcaligenes faecalis JBW4.
abstract: The recently discovered endosulfan-degrading bacterial strain Alcaligenesfaecalis JBW4 was isolated from activated sludge. This strain is able to use endosulfan as a carbon and energy source. The optimal conditions for the growth of strain JBW4 and for biodegradation by this strain were identified, and the metabolic products of endosulfan degradation were studied in detail. The maximum level of endosulfan biodegradation by strain JBW4 was obtained using broth at an initial pH of 7.0, an incubation temperature of 40 degreeC and an endosulfan concentration of 100 mg/L. The concentration of endosulfan was determined by gas chromatography. Strain JBW4 was able to degrade 87.5% of alpha-endosulfan and 83.9% of beta-endosulfan within 5 days. These degradation rates are much higher than the previously reported bacterial strains. Endosulfan diol and endosulfan lactone were the major metabolites detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; endosulfan sulfate, which is a persistent and toxic metabolite, was not detected. These results suggested that A. faecalis JBW4 degrades endosulfan via a non-oxidative pathway. The biodegradation of endosulfan by A. faecalis is reported for the first time. Additionally, the present study indicates that strain JBW4 may have potential for the biodegradation of endosulfan residues.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian 271018, China. konglingfen513@gmail.com
authors.forename: Lingfen
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266109, China.
authors.forename: Shaoyuan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian 271018, China.
authors.forename: Lusheng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian 271018, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian 271018, China.
authors.forename: Kunchang
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian 271018, China.
authors.forename: Tongxiang
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian 271018, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian 271018, China.
authors.forename: Jinhua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian 271018, China.
authors.forename: Fenghua
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian 271018, China.
authors.forename: Fengxia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D042481:Alcaligenes faecalis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D004726:Endosulfan / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D010802:Phylogeny; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D004726:Endosulfan