title: Vascular Tissue Engineering: Building Perfusable Vasculature for Implantation.
abstract: Tissue and organ replacement is required when there are no alternative therapies available. Although vascular tissue engineering was originally developed to meet the clinical demands of small-diameter vascular conduits as bypass grafts, it has evolved into a highly advanced field where perfusable vasculatures are generated for implantation. Herein, we review several cutting-edge techniques that have led to implantable human blood vessels in clinical trials, the novel approaches that build complex perfusable microvascular networks in functional tissues, the use of stem cells to generate endothelial cells for vascularization, as well as the challenges in bringing vascular tissue engineering technologies into the clinics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT ; The Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT.
authors.forename: Liqiong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gui
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT ; The Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT ; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT.
authors.forename: Laura E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Niklason