title: Nephrolithiasis by Corynebacterium urealyticum infection: literature review and case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Alkaline-encrusted cystitis or pyelonephritis is a chronic inflammatory condition due to deposition of crystals usually caused by urea-splitting bacteria. Corynebacterium urealyticum (CU) is a gram-positive, urea-splitting and multi-antibiotic resistant bacillus with special tropism for the urinary tract and it is often associated with encrusted pyelocystitis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Here we report the case of a 75-year-old Caucasian man with a prolonged history of renal stones who was admitted for gross hematuria associated with renal failure. A diagnosis of encrusted pyelocystitis due to CU infection was made and the patient was appropriately treated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  At 6-month follow-up the patient was in good general conditions and asymptomatic. Signs of urinary tract infection or of renal calculosis were still detectable.
authors.affiliation: University of Genoa and IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cappuccino
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bottino
authors.forename: Adele
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Torricella
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pontremoli
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003354:Corynebacterium Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D053040:Nephrolithiasis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000628:therapy; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous; D053653:Pyelocystitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000628:therapy; D015607:Stents; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents