title: The effectiveness of wet cupping vs. venesection on arterial O2 saturation level of cigarette smokers: A randomized controlled clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Wet cupping is a traditional bloodletting method recommended for controlling of respiratory disease complications. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of wet cupping vs. venesection on arterial O2 saturation level of smokers.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a randomized controlled clinical trial which started with simple sampling of smokers. After administering spirometery, participants (N = 110 male smokers) with positive pulmonary function test (PFT), who manifested Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. The two groups were assessed in terms of demographic data, rate of hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), and arterial O2 saturation. Then, the intervention participants underwent wet cupping whereas venesection was performed on the control participants. At four stages after the two treatments, pulse oximetery was performed. Data was analyzed using SPSS (Version 17).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Result shows that mean arterial O2 sat level increased at three stages, namely before, immediately after, and 6 and 12 hrs after these two treatments (p ≤ 0.001). This indicates that wet cupping and venesection alike were effective on O2 sat level in the two groups, but the increasing pattern was maintained 12 hrs afterward only in those participants who had received wet cupping (p ≤ 0.001). Moreover, the results of repeated measure ANOVA between the two groups at the four stages showed that there were significant differences between the means of O2 saturation level at the 6- and 12-hrs stages (F = 66.92, p ≤ 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Wet cupping caused a continued O2 saturation in the intervention group even up to 12 hrs afterward. Participants expressed liveliness and improved respiration after wet cupping. Therefore, wet cupping is recommended for promoting the health of cigarette smokers.
authors.affiliation: Hekmatpou D, PhD (Nursing), Assistant Professor, Faculty Member of Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
authors.forename: Hekmatpou
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: D
authors.affiliation: Dr. Moeini L, MD, Specialist in Pulmonary Diseases, Assistant Professor, Faculty Member of Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
authors.forename: Moeini
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: L
authors.affiliation: Salar Haji-Nadali, Student of Nursing, Student Research Center Committee, Faculty Member of Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
authors.forename: Haji-Nadali
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: S
keywords: Arterial O2 saturation; Cigarette smokers; Venesection; Wet cupping