title: First case of autochthonous human visceral leishmaniasis in the urban center of Rio de Janeiro: case report.
abstract: Visceral leishmaniasis is an anthropozoonosis that is caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania, especially Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum, and is transmitted to humans by the bite of sandflies of the genus Lutzomyia, such as Lutzomyia longipalpis. There are many reservoirs, including Canis familiaris. It is a chronic infectious disease with systemic involvement that is characterized by three phases: the initial period, the state period and the final period. The main symptoms are fever, malnutrition, hepatosplenomegaly, and pancytopenia. This article reports a case of a patient diagnosed with visceral leishmaniasis in the final period following autochthonous transmission in the urban area of Rio de Janeiro. The case reported here is considered by the Municipal Civil Defense and Health Surveillance of Rio de Janeiro to be the first instance of autochthonous visceral leishmaniasis in humans in the urban area of this city. The patient was discharged and is undergoing a follow-up at the outpatient clinic, demonstrating clinical improvement.
authors.affiliation: UNIRIO, Rio de JaneiroRJ, Brazil, UNIRIO, Professor of Internal Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. E-mails: drguialmeida@gmail.com; ferry@unirio.br; jorgefcp@unirio.br; marcelovelho@uol.com.br; ricardocarvalho@gmail.com; nevesmotta@gmail.com
authors.forename: Guilherme Almeida Rosa da
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: HEMORIO, Rio de JaneiroRJ, Brazil, HEMORIO, Resident physician, Hematology, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. E-mail: thiagob@gmail.com
authors.forename: Thiago de Oliveira
authors.initials: Tde O
authors.lastname: Boechat
authors.affiliation: UNIRIO, Rio de JaneiroRJ, Brazil, UNIRIO, Professor of Internal Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. E-mails: drguialmeida@gmail.com; ferry@unirio.br; jorgefcp@unirio.br; marcelovelho@uol.com.br; ricardocarvalho@gmail.com; nevesmotta@gmail.com
authors.forename: Fernando Raphael de Almeida
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Ferry
authors.affiliation: UNIRIO, Rio de JaneiroRJ, Brazil, UNIRIO, Professor of Internal Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. E-mails: drguialmeida@gmail.com; ferry@unirio.br; jorgefcp@unirio.br; marcelovelho@uol.com.br; ricardocarvalho@gmail.com; nevesmotta@gmail.com
authors.forename: Jorge Francisco da Cunha
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.affiliation: UNIRIO, Rio de JaneiroRJ, Brazil, UNIRIO, Professor of Internal Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. E-mails: drguialmeida@gmail.com; ferry@unirio.br; jorgefcp@unirio.br; marcelovelho@uol.com.br; ricardocarvalho@gmail.com; nevesmotta@gmail.com
authors.forename: Marcelo Costa Velho Mendes de
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Azevedo
authors.affiliation: UNIRIO, Rio de JaneiroRJ, Brazil, UNIRIO, Professor of Internal Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. E-mails: drguialmeida@gmail.com; ferry@unirio.br; jorgefcp@unirio.br; marcelovelho@uol.com.br; ricardocarvalho@gmail.com; nevesmotta@gmail.com
authors.forename: Ricardo de Souza
authors.initials: Rde S
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.affiliation: UNIRIO, Rio de JaneiroRJ, Brazil, UNIRIO, Professor of Internal Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. E-mails: drguialmeida@gmail.com; ferry@unirio.br; jorgefcp@unirio.br; marcelovelho@uol.com.br; ricardocarvalho@gmail.com; nevesmotta@gmail.com
authors.forename: Rogerio Neves
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Motta
authors.affiliation: UNIRIO, Rio de JaneiroRJ, Brazil, UNIRIO, Student of Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. E-mail: mari@gmail.com
authors.forename: Mariana Ferreira
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Veras
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002947:Cities / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007898:Leishmaniasis, Visceral / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D014505:Urban Population