title: Al18F-NODA-butyric acid: biological evaluation of a new PET renal radiotracer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Renal scintigraphy is an important imaging modality for the diagnosis and management of a variety of renal diseases including obstruction and renovascular hypertension as well as the evaluation of absolute and relative kidney function. The goal of this work was to evaluate Al(18)F-NODA-butyric acid (Al(18)F-1) as a potential PET tracer to image the kidneys and monitor renal function by comparing its pharmacokinetic properties with those of (131)I-o-iodohippurate ((131)I-OIH), the radioactive standard for the measurement of effective renal plasma flow.
  
  
  METHODS
  Al(18)F-1 was prepared in aqueous conditions using a one-pot Al(18)F-radiofluorination method and its radiochemical purity was determined by HPLC. Biodistribution studies, using (131)I-OIH as an internal control, were performed in normal rats and in rats with renal pedicle ligation. In vitro stability and metabolism of Al(18)F-1 were analyzed by HPLC. Dynamic microPET/CT studies were conducted in normal rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Al(18)F-1 showed excellent stability in vitro and in vivo. Biodistribution studies in normal rats and in rats with simulated renal failure confirmed that Al(18)F-1 was exclusively cleared through the renal-urinary pathway and that the hepatic/gastrointestinal activity was less for Al(18)F-1 than for (131)I-OIH both at 10 and 60 min. Dynamic PET showed a rapid transit of Al(18)F-1 through the kidneys into the bladder.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that the easily labeled Al(18)F-based compounds provide a highly promising approach for the development of a PET renal radiotracer that combines superior imaging qualities with a reliable measure of effective renal plasma flow.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. Electronic address: mlipows@emory.edu.
authors.forename: Malgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lipowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Klenc
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
authors.forename: Dinesh
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shetty
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
authors.forename: Jonathon A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Nye
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
authors.forename: Hyunsuk
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Taylor
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002087:Butyrates / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004355:Drug Stability; D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes; D007668:Kidney / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D011854:Radiochemistry; D051381:Rats; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D002087:Butyrates; D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes
keywords: Al(18)F-NODA-butyric acid; Aluminum fluoride; Kidney; PET (18)F; Renal radiopharmaceutical