title: Pharmacists Who Screen and Discuss Opioid Misuse With Patients: Future Directions for Research and Practice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prescription opioid (PO) abuse has reached epidemic proportions in the United States, and pharmacies are locations from which these medications are often diverted. This study identifies factors associated with pharmacists who currently screen and discuss PO misuse with patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A secondary data analysis of a cross-sectional Web-based survey that was sent to pharmacists was conducted. The survey contained items that assessed whether pharmacists currently screened and discussed PO misuse with patients along with pharmacists' attitudes and beliefs toward providing brief interventions. Multivariable models were developed which identified factors associated with pharmacists' currently screening and discussing misuse.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Chain setting pharmacists (odds ratio [OR] = 6.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.16-32.72) and pharmacists interested in being directly involved in PO screening and brief intervention research projects (OR = 2.06, 95% CI = 1.35-3.15) were most likely to report current screening. Pharmacists who reported currently screening for misuse (OR = 4.27, 95% CI = 2.83-6.45) and who reported wanting to help patients who misuse POs (OR = 3.03, 95% CI = 1.50-6.15) were most likely to currently discuss abuse.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Investigators implementing pharmacy-based screening and brief intervention studies for POs should take into account practice location and pharmacists' interest in addressing PO issues.
authors.affiliation: School of Social Work, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA gcochran@pitt.edu.
authors.forename: Gerald
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cochran
authors.affiliation: Health Behavior Research and Training Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Craig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Field
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lawson
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D010593:Pharmaceutical Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D010595:Pharmacists / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D063487:Prescription Drug Misuse / Q000517:prevention & control*; D024382:Professional Role; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid
keywords: pharmacy practice; prescription opioid abuse; screening and brief intervention