title: RC-6 ribonuclease induces caspase activation, cellular senescence and neuron-like morphology in NT2 embryonal carcinoma cells.
abstract: Frog ribonucleases have been demonstrated to have anticancer activities. However, whether RC-6 ribonuclease exerts anticancer activity on human embryonal carcinoma cells remains unclear. In the present study, RC-6 induced cytotoxicity in NT2 cells (a human embryonal carcinoma cell line) and our studies showed that RC-6 can exert anticancer effects and induce caspase-9 and -3 activities. Moreover, to date, there is no evidence that frog ribonuclease-induced cytotoxicity effects are related to cellular senescence. Therefore, our studies showed that RC-6 can increase p16 and p21 protein levels and induce cellular senescence in NT2 cells. Notably, similar to retinoic acid-differentiated NT2 cells, neuron-like morphology was found on some remaining live cells after RC-6 treatment. In conclusion, our study is the first to demonstrate that RC-6 can induce cytotoxic effects, caspase-9/-3 activities, cellular senescence and neuron-like morphology in NT2 cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 231, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Giou-Teng
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Yiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 231, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Hsiu-Feng
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Jer-Rong
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Division of Allergy-Immunology-Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Mary's Hospital Luodong, Yilan 265, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Pei-Lun
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.affiliation: Division of Renal Medicine, Tungs' Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Taichung 435, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Tsai-Kun
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 231, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Hsiao-Chun
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Wei-Jung
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Liang-Chih
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Division of General Surgery, Taichung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taichung 403, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Hsu-Hung
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Yung-Luen
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001001:Anura; D015153:Blotting, Western; D018236:Carcinoma, Embryonal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D053453:Caspase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D016922:Cellular Senescence / Q000187:drug effects*; D054278:Embryonal Carcinoma Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006801:Humans; D009474:Neurons / Q000473:pathology; D012260:Ribonucleases / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D012260:Ribonucleases; D053148:Caspase 3; D053453:Caspase 9