title: Combination of vildagliptin and rosiglitazone ameliorates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in C57BL/6 mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of vildagliptin alone and in combination with metformin or rosiglitazone on murine hepatic steatosis in diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Male C57BL/6 mice were fed with high fat diet (60 Kcal %) and fructose (40%) in drinking water for 60 days to induce NAFLD. After the induction period, animals were divided into different groups and treated with vildagliptin (10 mg/kg), metformin (350 mg/kg), rosiglitazone (10 mg/kg), vildagliptin (10 mg/kg) + metformin (350 mg/kg), or vildagliptin (10 mg/kg) + rosiglitazone (10 mg/kg) orally for 28 days. Following parameters were measured: body weight, food intake, plasma glucose, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol, liver function tests, and liver TG. Liver histopathology was also examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Oral administration of vildagliptin and rosiglitazone in combination showed a significant reduction in fasting plasma glucose, hepatic steatosis, and liver TGs. While other treatments showed less or no improvement in the measured parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These preliminary results demonstrate that administration of vildagliptin in combination with rosiglitazone could be a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of NAFLD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Drug Discovery Research, Orchid Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals Limited, Sozhanganallur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Jeyamurugan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mookkan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Drug Discovery Research, Orchid Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals Limited, Sozhanganallur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India ; Department of Pharmacology, Rolland Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Berhampur, Orissa, India.
authors.forename: Soumita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Drug Discovery Research, Orchid Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals Limited, Sozhanganallur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Pranesha
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shetty
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Drug Discovery Research, Orchid Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals Limited, Sozhanganallur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Nagaraj M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Kulkarni
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Drug Discovery Research, Orchid Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals Limited, Sozhanganallur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Vijayaraj
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Devisingh
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Drug Discovery Research, Orchid Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals Limited, Sozhanganallur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Mallikarjun S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Jaji
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Drug Discovery Research, Orchid Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals Limited, Sozhanganallur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Vinitha P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Lakshmi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Drug Discovery Research, Orchid Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals Limited, Sozhanganallur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Shilpee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chaudhary
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Drug Discovery Research, Orchid Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals Limited, Sozhanganallur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Jayanarayan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kulathingal
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Drug Discovery Research, Orchid Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals Limited, Sozhanganallur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Navin B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Rajesh
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Drug Discovery Research, Orchid Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals Limited, Sozhanganallur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Shridhar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Narayanan
mesh_terms: D000218:Adamantane / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009570:Nitriles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D011759:Pyrrolidines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism; D000077597:Vildagliptin
chemical_list: D009570:Nitriles; D011759:Pyrrolidines; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D014280:Triglycerides; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D000077597:Vildagliptin; D000218:Adamantane
keywords: Metformin; NAFLD; non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; rosiglitazone; vildagliptin