title: Astrocyte-secreted matricellular proteins in CNS remodelling during development and disease.
abstract: Matricellular proteins are secreted, nonstructural proteins that regulate the extracellular matrix (ECM) and interactions between cells through modulation of growth factor signaling, cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation. Despite being well described in the context of nonneuronal tissues, recent studies have revealed that these molecules may also play instrumental roles in central nervous system (CNS) development and diseases. In this minireview, we discuss the matricellular protein families SPARC (secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine), Hevin/SC1 (SPARC-like 1), TN-C (Tenascin C), TSP (Thrombospondin), and CCN (CYR61/CTGF/NOV), which are secreted by astrocytes during development. These proteins exhibit a reduced expression in adult CNS but are upregulated in reactive astrocytes following injury or disease, where they are well placed to modulate the repair processes such as tissue remodeling, axon regeneration, glial scar formation, angiogenesis, and rewiring of neural circuitry. Conversely, their reexpression in reactive astrocytes may also lead to detrimental effects and promote the progression of neurodegenerative diseases.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada H3G 1A4.
authors.forename: Emma V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada H3G 1A4.
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Bouvier
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D055511:CCN Intercellular Signaling Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D002493:Central Nervous System Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000502:physiology; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D015676:Osteonectin / Q000378:metabolism; D019063:Tenascin / Q000378:metabolism; D019699:Thrombospondins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D055511:CCN Intercellular Signaling Proteins; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D015676:Osteonectin; C577241:SPARC protein, human; C503126:SPARCL1 protein, human; D019063:Tenascin; D019699:Thrombospondins