title: Efficacy of botulinum toxin in benign essential Blepharospasm: Desirable & undesirable effects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the efficacy, desirable and undesirable effects of locally injectable preparation of botulinum toxin in patients suffering from Benign Essential Blepharospasm (BEB).
  
  
  METHODS
  It was a prospective study carried out from October 2006 till November 2012 at a private set up, "Dr Shakaib's Eye Clinic", in Islamabad. Follow up of Seventeen patients of BEB has been done over six years period after injecting botulinum toxin. The patients had been explained about the study and informed consent was taken. After taking all the standard precautions for botulinum toxin injection, 5 to 7 (mean 6) sites for injecting 1.5 to 2.0 IU of the toxin were selected depending upon the severity and duration of the problem. These patients were requested to attend the clinic regularly, initially after three days and then weekly for two weeks, followed by every month for three months and then at three monthly intervals for up to six years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The useful effects of the injection appeared in all the patients within 48 hours. There were minor side effects like irritation in the eyes and heaviness in the brow region. One (5.88 %) patient developed mild ptosis, which subsided over two weeks. Four (23.52 %) patients felt almost cured after three to four repetitions of injections. The useful effect of the injection lasted for about three months in all the patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Botulinum toxin is a useful remedy for Benign Essential Blepharospasm (BEB), although the effects are short term and repeated applications are required which is quite costly for the patient.
authors.affiliation: M Shakaib Anwar, Associate Professor of Ophthalmology, Rawal Institute of Health Sciences, Islamabad. Pakistan.
authors.forename: M Shakaib
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Anwar
authors.affiliation: Humaira Zafar, Assistant Professor of Microbiology, Al Nafees Medical College, Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Humaira
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zafar
keywords: Benign essential blepharospasm; botulinum toxin; facial dystonia; orbicularis oculi