title: Incorporating incretin-based therapies into clinical practice for patients with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Effective, evidence-based management of type 2 diabetes (T2D) requires the integration of the best available evidence with clinical experience and patient preferences.
  
  
  METHODS
  Studies published from 2000 to 2012 evaluating glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) or dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4 inhibitors) were identified using PubMed. The author contextualized the study findings with his clinical experience.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Incretin-based therapy targets multiple dysfunctional organs in T2D. Injectable GLP-1RAs provide substantial glycemic control and weight reduction; while oral DPP-4 inhibitors provide moderate glycemic control and weight neutrality. Both classes are effective, well tolerated, and associated with a low incidence of hypoglycemia when used alone or in combination with other antidiabetes agents. GLP-1RAs are associated with transient nausea and, like DPP-4 inhibitors, rare pancreatitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Data indicate and clinical experience confirms that incretins are well tolerated in appropriate patients and provide sustained glycemic control and weight loss or weight neutrality throughout T2D progression.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes and Endocrine Associates, 59-45 161st Street Flushing, New York, 11365, USA, jtibaldi@aol.com.
authors.forename: Joseph M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Tibaldi
mesh_terms: D000218:Adamantane / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004151:Dipeptides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D054873:Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077270:Exenatide; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000067757:Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000069476:Linagliptin; D000069450:Liraglutide; D010455:Peptides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010880:Piperidines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011687:Purines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011719:Pyrazines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011799:Quinazolines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018027:Receptors, Glucagon / Q000819:agonists*; D000068900:Sitagliptin Phosphate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014230:Triazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014498:Uracil / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014688:Venoms / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D004151:Dipeptides; D054873:Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; C000593833:GLP1R protein, human; D000067757:Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D010455:Peptides; D010880:Piperidines; D011687:Purines; D011719:Pyrazines; D011799:Quinazolines; D018027:Receptors, Glucagon; D014230:Triazoles; D014688:Venoms; D000069476:Linagliptin; D014498:Uracil; D000069450:Liraglutide; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; C502994:saxagliptin; D000077270:Exenatide; C520853:alogliptin; D000218:Adamantane; D000068900:Sitagliptin Phosphate