title: Optimization of culture media for large-scale lutein production by heterotrophic Chlorella vulgaris.
abstract: Lutein is a carotenoid with a purported role in protecting eyes from oxidative stress, particularly the high-energy photons of blue light. Statistical optimization was performed to growth media that supports a higher production of lutein by heterotrophically cultivated Chlorella vulgaris. The effect of media composition of C. vulgaris on lutein was examined using fractional factorial design (FFD) and central composite design (CCD). The results indicated that the presence of magnesium sulfate, EDTA-2Na, and trace metal solution significantly affected lutein production. The optimum concentrations for lutein production were found to be 0.34 g/L, 0.06 g/L, and 0.4 mL/L for MgSO4 ·7H2 O, EDTA-2Na, and trace metal solution, respectively. These values were validated using a 5-L jar fermenter. Lutein concentration was increased by almost 80% (139.64 ± 12.88 mg/L to 252.75 ± 12.92 mg/L) after 4 days. Moreover, the lutein concentration was not reduced as the cultivation was scaled up to 25,000 L (260.55 ± 3.23 mg/L) and 240,000 L (263.13 ± 2.72 mg/L). These observations suggest C. vulgaris as a potential lutein source.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Korea; Dept. of Health Food Research & Development of Daesang Corp., Icheon, 467-813, Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.forename: Ji-Sue
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Soon Tae
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Bo-Ra
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yuchul
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Jae Gap
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Joon Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Jae Kwan
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Hwang
mesh_terms: D019149:Bioreactors; D048408:Chlorella vulgaris / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry*; D004492:Edetic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D014975:Lutein / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008278:Magnesium Sulfate / Q000737:chemistry; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D008278:Magnesium Sulfate; D004492:Edetic Acid; D014975:Lutein
keywords: Chlorella vulgaris; central composite design; fractional factorial design; heterotrophic; lutein