title: The contents of heavy metals (cd, cr, as, pb, ni, and sn) in the selected commercial yam powder products in South Korea.
abstract: Yam (Dioscorea) has long been used as foods and folk medicine with the approved positive effects for health promotion. Although consumption of yam products is increasing for health promotion, reports for the metal contamination in commercial yam powder products to protect the consumers are lacking. In this study, we aimed to assess whether the commercial yam powder products were heavy metal contaminated or not using the yam products from six commercial products from various places in South Korea. The contents of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, As, Pb, Ni, and Sn) in yam powder products were measured and compared to national and international food standard levels. Also, the metal contamination was monitored during the food manufacturing steps. The study results showed that the contents of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, As, and Pb) in yam powder products are similar to those in national 'roots and tubers' as well as in various crops. In comparison to three international standard levels (EU, Codex and Korea), Cd content in yam powder products was lower but Pb content was 5 times higher. Also, Pb, Ni, and Sn may have the potential to be contaminated during food manufacturing steps. In conclusion, the level of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, As, Ni, and Sn) except Pb is considered relatively safe on comparison to national and international food standard levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Andong National University, Gyeongbuk 760-749, Korea.
authors.forename: Mee-Young
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Andong National University, Gyeongbuk 760-749, Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Eun
authors.initials: YE
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Andong National University, Gyeongbuk 760-749, Korea.
authors.forename: Chana
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Andong National University, Gyeongbuk 760-749, Korea.
authors.forename: Ho-Yong
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Sohn
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science, Andong National University, Gyeongbuk 760-749, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Hwan
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Andong National University, Gyeongbuk 760-749, Korea.
authors.forename: In-Sook
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Kwun
keywords: Dioscorea; food safety; heavy metals (Cd, Cr, As, Pb, Ni, and Sn); yam