title: Restriction of dairy products; a reality in inflammatory bowel disease patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Calcium deficiency is considered a risk factor for the development of osteoporosis in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. Various dietary restrictions, including milk products are reported by these patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate dairy product and dietary calcium intake by IBD patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional study enrolled 65 outpatients with IBD recruited from one reference center for IBD. A semi-structured questionnaire (to collect demographic, socioeconomic and clinical data) and a quantitative food frequency questionnaire were administered. With regard to clinical data, we evaluated the anthropometric nutritional status, the disease classification, the disease activity index and the presence of gastrointestinal symptoms. Self-reported modifications in the use of dairy products were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The IBD patients' ages ranged from 20-75 years and 67.0% were diagnosed with ulcerative colitis. The majority (64.7%) reported restricting dairy products. The frequency of gastrointestinal symptoms was higher among the Crohn's disease patients who restricted dairy products than among those with no restrictions (100% vs 42.9%; p = 0.013); this result was not observed among the UC (ulcerative colitis) patients. Disease activity was also more frequent in the IBD patients who restricted dairy products than in those with no restrictions (23.8% vs 4.5%; p = 0.031), and among the UC patients, extensive disease was more common in the patients who restricted dairy products than in those with no restrictions (42.9% vs 20.0%; p = 0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Restricting dairy products is common among IBD patients, possibly due to disease activity, the presence of gastrointestinal symptoms and the extension of the disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sciences of Nutrition. School of Nutrition. Federal University of Bahia. Salvador. Bahia. Brazil.. raquelrocha2@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Mirella
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brasil Lopes
authors.affiliation: Department of Sciences of Nutrition. School of Nutrition. Federal University of Bahia. Salvador. Bahia. Brazil.. raquelrocha2@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology Unit. University Hospital Professor Edgard Santos. Federal University of Bahia. Salvador. Bahia. Brazil..
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Castro Lyra
authors.affiliation: Department of Sciences of Nutrition. School of Nutrition. Federal University of Bahia. Salvador. Bahia. Brazil..
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rosa Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Department of Sciences of Nutrition. School of Nutrition. Federal University of Bahia. Salvador. Bahia. Brazil..
authors.forename: Fernanda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gomes Coqueiro
authors.affiliation: Department of Sciences of Nutrition. School of Nutrition. Federal University of Bahia. Salvador. Bahia. Brazil..
authors.forename: Naiade
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Silveira Almeida
authors.affiliation: Department of Sciences of Nutrition. School of Nutrition. Federal University of Bahia. Salvador. Bahia. Brazil..
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Santos Valois
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology Unit. University Hospital Professor Edgard Santos. Federal University of Bahia. Salvador. Bahia. Brazil..
authors.forename: Genoile
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Oliveira Santana
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003611:Dairy Products; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000178:diet therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000009:adverse effects; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D008894:Milk Proteins