title: Risk of bladder cancer among patients with diabetes treated with a 15 mg pioglitazone dose in Korea: a multi-center retrospective cohort study.
abstract: It has not yet been determined whether chronic exposure to relatively low doses of pioglitazone increases risk of bladder cancer. We aimed to assess the risk of bladder cancer associated with pioglitazone in Korean patients. This was a retrospective cohort study of diabetic patients who had ≥ 2 clinic visits between November 2005 and June 2011 at one of four tertiary referral hospitals in Korea. A prevalent case-control analysis nested within the cohort was conducted to further adjust confounders. A total of 101,953 control patients and 11,240 pioglitazone-treated patients were included, in which there were 237 and 30 cases of incidental bladder cancer (64.9 and 54.9 per 100,000 person-years; age, sex-adjusted HR 1.135, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.769-1.677), respectively. In the prevalent case-control analysis nested within the cohort, use of pioglitazone for a duration of > 6 months, but not ever use of pioglitazone, was associated with an increased rate of bladder cancer as compared to never use of pioglitazone. In conclusion, we failed to exclude the possible association between use of pioglitazone for a duration of > 6 months and bladder cancer.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Man
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Health Insurance Corporation Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Sun Ok
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Chang Hee
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jin-Sun
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University Medical Center, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Sunghwan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suh
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Seung Min
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Inkyung
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Cheol-Young
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Hyeon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Hyoung
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Byung-Wan
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077205:Pioglitazone; D015995:Prevalence; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D062606:Tertiary Care Centers; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D000077205:Pioglitazone
keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Korea; Pioglitazone; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms