title: Jejunal hematoma in cattle: a retrospective case analysis.
abstract: Sixteen years of adult cattle submissions to the California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System were examined and data captured from cases with anaerobic cultures of intestinal content. Analysis was performed to determine if there were statistical differences between case submission types (nonbloody intestinal content [129 cases], bloody intestinal content [134 cases], and jejunal hematoma [JH; 51 cases]) for the presence of Clostridium perfringens (314 cases), C. perfringens toxinotypes (35 cases), and C. perfringens toxins (51 cases) in the content. Across submission types, significant differences were found in the isolation of C. perfringens between different specimen types (live cow, dead cow, or tissue from a field necropsy) with field samples being the most likely to have C. perfringens detected and live animals the least likely (P = 0.001). In cases of JH, detection of C. perfringens by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was more likely when a live or dead animal was submitted (P = 0.023) or when a live animal was submitted (P = 0.019) compared with submission of field necropsy tissues. These differences were not observed when cultures were performed to detect C. perfringens in cases of JH. There were no statistical differences between submission types with regard to any other variables evaluated. Detailed histologic examination of 21 cases of JH suggested disturbance of normal vascular or lymphatic function as the underlying problem in this entity.
authors.affiliation: 1John M. Adaska, 18830 Road 112, Tulare, CA 93274. jmadaska@ucdavis.edu.
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Adaska
authors.forename: Sharif S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Aly
authors.forename: Robert B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Moeller
authors.forename: Patricia C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Blanchard
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Hailu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kinde
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Uzal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000032:analysis; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D003015:Clostridium Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D003016:Clostridium perfringens / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D005766:Gastrointestinal Contents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology; D006406:Hematoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D006651:Histocytochemistry / Q000662:veterinary; D007579:Jejunal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D001427:Bacterial Toxins
keywords: Clostridium perfringens; cows; hemorrhagic bowel syndrome; jejunal hematoma