title: A combined measure of procedural volume and outcome to assess hospital quality of colorectal cancer surgery, a secondary analysis of clinical audit data.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify, on the basis of past performance, those hospitals that demonstrate good outcomes in sufficient numbers to make it likely that they will provide adequate quality of care in the future, using a combined measure of volume and outcome (CM-V&O). To compare this CM-V&O with measures using outcome-only (O-O) or volume-only (V-O), and verify 2010-quality of care assessment on 2011 data.
  
  
  METHODS
  Secondary analysis of clinical audit data.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Dutch Surgical Colorectal Audit database of 2010 and 2011, the Netherlands.
  
  
  METHODS
  8911 patients (test population, treated in 2010) and 9212 patients (verification population, treated in 2011) who underwent a resection of primary colorectal cancer in 89 Dutch hospitals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outcome was measured by Observed/Expected (O/E) postoperative mortality and morbidity. CM-V&O states 2 criteria; 1) outcome is not significantly worse than average, and 2) outcome is significantly better than substandard, with 'substandard care' being defined as an unacceptably high O/E threshold for mortality and/or morbidity (which we set at 2 and 1.5 respectively).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Average mortality and morbidity in 2010 were 4.1 and 24.3% respectively. 84 (94%) hospitals performed 'not worse than average' for mortality, but only 21 (24%) of those were able to prove they were also 'better than substandard' (O/E<2). For morbidity, 42 hospitals (47%) met the CM-V&O. Morbidity in 2011 was significantly lower in these hospitals (19.8 vs. 22.8% p<0.01). No relationship was found between hospitals' 2010 performance on O-O en V-O, and the quality of their care in 2011.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CM-V&O for morbidity can be used to identify hospitals that provide adequate quality and is associated with better outcomes in the subsequent year.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands ; Department of Medical Decision Making, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Nikki E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Kolfschoten
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Decision Making, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Perla J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Marang-van de Mheen
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Michel W J M
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Wouters
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Deventer Hospital, Deventer, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Eric-Hans
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Eddes
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Rob A E M
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Tollenaar
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Theo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stijnen
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands ; Department of Medical Decision Making, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Job
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kievit
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D054869:Clinical Audit / Q000379:methods*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013505:Digestive System Surgical Procedures / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006761:Hospitals / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D012015:Reference Standards