title: Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) in pediatric dentistry residency programs: a survey of program directors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent of clinical training on atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) among pediatric dentistry residency programs and assess program directors' attitudes toward ART.
  
  
  METHODS
  All U.S. Pediatric Dentistry residency programs' directors were asked to complete a web-based survey. Sixty-one of the 76 directors (80 percent) completed the survey, with no significant response bias.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-nine percent of the responding programs provided clinical instruction on ART. Of these, 30 percent provided ART training often/very often. ART was used mostly in single-surface cavities (43 percent) and as an interim treatment in primary teeth (57 percent). Factors associated with ART clinical training included not placing amalgams in primary teeth (P<.03) and having directors with positive attitudes toward ART (P<.001). Factors associated with directors' positive attitudes included believing that child's caries risk (P<.006), professional guidelines (P<.003), and patient insurance status (P<.04) were all important in selecting restorative treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Atraumatic restorative therapy appears to be underused in pediatric dentistry residency programs in the United States. Residency directors' attitudes were highly predictive of the amount of clinical training provided, suggesting that directors need to be better informed about the use of ART.
authors.affiliation: Al Quds University School of Dental Medicine; University of Iowa, USA. elham-kateeb@uiowa.edu.
authors.forename: Elham
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kateeb
authors.affiliation: Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, at the University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Warren
authors.affiliation: Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, at the University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Damiano
authors.affiliation: Public Policy Center, at the University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Momany
authors.affiliation: University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kanellis
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, at the University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Weber-Gasparoni
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological and Quantitative Foundations, at the University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ansley
mesh_terms: D000288:Administrative Personnel / Q000523:psychology; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003723:Dental Amalgam; D057087:Dental Atraumatic Restorative Treatment / Q000379:methods*; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000628:therapy; D003733:Dental Caries Susceptibility / Q000502:physiology; D003814:Dentistry, Operative / Q000193:education; D006801:Humans; D007341:Insurance; D007396:Internship and Residency; D008875:Middle Aged; D010377:Pediatric Dentistry / Q000193:education*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014094:Tooth, Deciduous / Q000473:pathology; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D003723:Dental Amalgam