title: Invasive pneumococci before the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Turkey: antimicrobial susceptibility, serotype distribution, and molecular identification of macrolide resistance.
abstract: This study evaluates the antimicrobial susceptibilities and serotype distributions of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) isolates identified in a Turkish hospital before the introduction of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7). The susceptibilities of all isolates were determined by evaluating six antibiotics: penicillin (PEN), ceftriaxone (CRO), levofloxacin (LEV), erythromycin (ERY), clindamycin (CD), and vancomycin (VAN). Serotyping and amplification of macrolide resistance genes were performed. Sixteen (50%) and four (2%) isolates were resistant to PEN and LEV, respectively. No isolates demonstrated VAN resistance. Intermediate resistance to CRO was found in 4% of all invasive isolates. Twenty-three (12.6%) isolates were resistant to ERY. Four (2%) invasive SP isolates demonstrated multidrug resistance. Serogroups 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, and 23 were the most common in both age groups. The potential coverage rates of PCV7 and PCV13 were 44.1 and 66.1% in children and 39.8 and 71.5% in adults, respectively. Continuous surveillance of antimicrobial resistance is required.
authors.forename: Hatice Uludag
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Altun
authors.forename: Gülsen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hascelik
authors.forename: Deniz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gür
authors.forename: Özgen Köseoglu
authors.initials: ÖK
authors.lastname: Eser
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001769:Blood / Q000382:microbiology; D002555:Cerebrospinal Fluid / Q000382:microbiology; D002648:Child; D052978:Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D000069443:Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D018942:Macrolides / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D021141:Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011358:Product Surveillance, Postmarketing; D012703:Serotyping; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014421:Turkey; D018074:Vaccines, Conjugate / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: C538862:13-valent pneumococcal vaccine; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000069443:Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine; D018942:Macrolides; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines; D018074:Vaccines, Conjugate
keywords: Antimicrobial resistance,; PCR,; PCV13,; PCV7,; Serotype,; Streptococcus pneumoniae