title: [Exposure pathways to pesticides in schoolchildren in the Province of Talca, Chile].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe pesticide concentrations in distinct environmental matrices at two time points (low and high seasons in local agricultural production) and to estimate the association between the presence of pesticide residues in matrices and the use of pesticides in the home with the sociodemographic variables of schoolchildren in the Province of Talca, Chile.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was conducted in 190 schoolchildren. Families were surveyed about their children's vegetable consumption in school and at home, the use of pesticides in the home, and other sociodemographic variables. Additionally, we measured pesticide residues in vegetables and water consumed by the schoolchildren and in the soil of 14 schools.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At both time points, the vegetable matrix had the highest pesticide concentration, both in urban and rural schoolchildren. The most common pesticide residues in vegetables were chlorpyrifos, diphenylamine, pyrimethanil, and thiabendazole. In the home, pyrethroid and organophosphate pesticides were mainly used in summer. Dangerous pesticide residues such as azinphos methyl and dimethoate were found in vegetables consumed by the children in schools and households, and organochlorines were found in the soil in some schools.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pesticide exposure should be limited and the health effects related to pesticide exposure should be assessed in the school population.
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile. Electronic address: mtmunoz@ucm.cl.
authors.forename: María Teresa
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Muñoz-Quezada
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile; Programa de Doctorado en Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Investigación de Vulnerabilidades y Desastres Socionaturales (CIVDES), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lucero
authors.affiliation: Escuela de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Verónica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Iglesias
authors.affiliation: Escuela de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: María Pía
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Muñoz
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002677:Chile; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D012621:Seasons
chemical_list: D010573:Pesticide Residues
keywords: Children; Compuestos organoclorados; Environmental exposure; Exposición ambiental; Fungicidas; Fungicides; Niños; Organochlorine compounds; Organofosforados; Organophosphates; Pesticides; Piretrinas; Plaguicidas; Pyrethrins
vernacular_title: Vías de exposición a plaguicidas en escolares de la Provincia de Talca, Chile.