title: Methodological considerations in the design and implementation of clinical trials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review study design issues related to clinical trials led by oncology nurses, with special attention to those conducted within the cooperative group setting; to emphasize the importance of the statistician's role in the process of clinical trials.
  
  
  METHODS
  Studies available at clinicaltrials.gov using experimental designs that have been published in peer-reviewed journals; cooperative group trials are highlighted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The clinical trial is a primary means to test intervention efficacy. A properly designed and powered study with clear and measurable objectives is as important as the intervention itself.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Collaboration among the study team, including the statistician, is central in developing and conducting appropriately designed studies. For optimal results, collaboration is an ongoing process that should begin early on.
authors.forename: Constance T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Cirrincione
authors.forename: Ellen M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Lavoie Smith
authors.forename: Herbert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pang
mesh_terms: D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D006801:Humans; D012107:Research Design
keywords: Clinical trials; Cooperative groups; Nurse scientist; Study designs