title: Measurement and comparison of bracket transfer accuracy of five indirect bonding techniques.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure and compare bracket transfer accuracy of five indirect bonding (IDB) techniques.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five IDB techniques were studied: double polyvinyl siloxane (double-PVS), double vacuum-form (double-VF), polyvinyl siloxane vacuum-form (PVS-VF), polyvinyl siloxane putty (PVS-putty), and single vacuum-form (single-VF). Brackets were bonded on 25 identical stone working models. IDB trays were fabricated over working models (n  =  5 per technique) to transfer brackets to another 25 identical stone patient models. The mesiodistal (M-D), occlusogingival (O-G), and faciolingual (F-L) positions of each bracket were measured on the working and patient models using digital photography (M-D, O-G) and calipers (F-L). Paired t-tests were used to compare bracket positions between working and patient models, and analysis of variance was used to compare bracket transfer accuracy among the five techniques.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between the working and patient models, double-VF had the most teeth with significant differences (n  =  6) and PVS-VF the fewest (n  =  1; P < .05). With one exception, all significant differences were ≤0.26 mm and most (65%) were ≤0.13 mm. When the techniques were compared, bracket transfer accuracy was similar for double-PVS, PVS-putty, and PVS-VF, whereas double-VF and single-VF showed significantly less accuracy in the O-G direction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although overall differences in bracket position were relatively small, silicone-based trays had consistently high accuracy in transferring brackets, whereas methods that exclusively used vacuum-formed trays were less consistent.
authors.affiliation: a  Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR.
authors.forename: Ana E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Castilla
authors.forename: Jennifer J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Crowe
authors.forename: J Ryan
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Moses
authors.forename: Mansen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jack L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ferracane
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Covell
mesh_terms: D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D003765:Models, Dental; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D023861:Photography, Dental / Q000379:methods; D011145:Polyvinyls / Q000737:chemistry; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D012833:Siloxanes / Q000737:chemistry; D014070:Tooth / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D014618:Vacuum; D014753:Vinyl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D011145:Polyvinyls; D019279:Resin Cements; D012833:Siloxanes; C477791:Sondhi Indirect Bonding Resin; D014753:Vinyl Compounds; C057352:ethyl vinyl acetate; C034183:vinyl polysiloxane
keywords: Bracket bonding accuracy; Indirect bonding