title: Toxicity induced by Prasiola crispa to fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and cockroach Nauphoeta cinerea: evidence for bioinsecticide action.
abstract: The adverse effects of the alga Prasiola crispa extract (PcE) were investigated in a fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) and cockroach (Nauphoeta cinerea) model. In flies, toxicity was assessed as mortality and biochemical alterations including acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and oxidative stress markers. The cardiotoxic action of PcE was also examined in a model of semi-isolated cockroach heart. The administration of PcE (2 mg/ml) to flies for 24 h resulted in a marked increase in mortality rate (7.6-fold rise compared to control). AChE activity, glutathione (GSH) levels, and hydroperoxide formation remained unchanged. Fly glutathione S-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT) activity were significantly altered after PcE treatment. Fraction III (ethyl acetate) of PcE was significantly more toxic to flies compared to fractions I (methanol) and II (ethanol). A significant decrease was noted in cockroach semi-isolated heart function. The addition of 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid (DTNB), an oxidizing agent, concomitant with the extract significantly blocked this effect, suggesting that reduced compounds may be involved in the cardiotoxic action produced by PcE. Our results show for the first time the adverse effects of PcE in two insect models, Drosophila melanogaster and Nauphoetacinerea. The insecticidal properties of PcE may be related to changes in important antioxidant/detoxifying systems, as well as to changes in insect cardiac function.
authors.affiliation: a Campus São Gabriel, Universidade Federal do Pampa , São Gabriel , Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Paula Pegoraro
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Zemolin
authors.forename: Litiele Cezar
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Cruz
authors.forename: Mariane Trindade
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Paula
authors.forename: Betina Kappel
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Margelli Pereira
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Albuquerque
authors.forename: Filipe Carvalho
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Victoria
authors.forename: Antônio Batista
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Thaís
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Posser
authors.forename: Jeferson Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Franco
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D000460:Chlorophyta / Q000633:toxicity*; D003058:Cockroaches / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007306:Insecticides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D005978:Glutathione