title: CYP2D6 gene polymorphisms and predicted phenotypes in eight indigenous groups from northwestern Mexico.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Polymorphisms in CYP2D6 impact the interindividual and interethnic variability of drug efficiency; therefore, we determined the CYP2D6 allele distribution in eight Amerindian groups from northwestern Mexico and compared them with the frequencies in Mexican Mestizos.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 508 Amerindians were studied. Genotyping of CYP2D6*5 and multiplication alleles was performed by long-range PCR, while CYP2D6*2, *3, *4, *6, *10, *17, *29, *35, *41 and copy number were evaluated by real-time PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most frequent alleles were CYP2D6*2 (0.05-0.28), CYP2D6*4 (0.003-0.21) and multiplications (0.043-0.107). CYP2D6*5, *6, * 10 and *41 were not observed in the majority of Amerindians, and CYP2D6*3, *17, *35 and *29 were not detected. The poor metabolizer genotype ( *4/*5) was lower (0.2%) in Amerindians than in Mestizos (5%); conversely, the ultrarapid metabolizer genotype was higher (12.6%) in indigenous groups than in Mestizos (7%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data show a lower frequency of CYP2D6 inactive alleles and a higher frequency of duplication/multiplication of CYP2D6 active alleles in indigenous populations that in Mestizos. Original submitted 14 August 2013; Revision submitted 7 October 2013.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Medicina Molecular, Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas, México.
authors.forename: Blanca Patricia
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Lazalde-Ramos
authors.forename: Margarita de la Luz
authors.initials: Mde L
authors.lastname: Martínez-Fierro
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Galaviz-Hernández
authors.forename: Idalia
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Garza-Veloz
authors.forename: María Eugenia G
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Naranjo
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sosa-Macías
authors.forename: Adrián
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Llerena
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D019389:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008658:Inactivation, Metabolic / Q000235:genetics*; D007198:Indians, North American / Q000235:genetics*; D008800:Mexico; D010641:Phenotype
chemical_list: D019389:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6