title: Comparative embryotoxicity of phenanthrene and alkyl-phenanthrene to marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma).
abstract: Alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (alkyl-PAHs) are the predominant form of PAHs in oil, comprising 85-95% of total PAHs. However, little attention has been paid to these chemicals in ecological risk assessment of marine oil spill. A comparative study of the toxic effects of phenanthrene and retene (7-isopropyl-1-methylphenanthrene, an alkyl-phenanthrene) on the early life stage of marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) was conducted. Results showed that retene was significantly more toxic than phenanthrene, and marine medaka could be more sensitive to retene than some freshwater fishes. Retene had a higher excretion rate than phenanthrene during the larvae stage. Both of compounds resulted in developmental malformation of marine medaka embryos, with phenanthrene affecting on peripheral vascular system and yolk sac, while retene affecting on cardiac tissues. The toxicity of phenanthrene might be mainly related to its anesthetic effects, and that of retene might be related to the CYP1A-mediated toxicity of its metabolites.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, State Oceanic Administration, Dalian 116023, China; Division of Marine Chemistry, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Environmental Science Research Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China. Electronic address: jlmu@nmemc.gov.cn.
authors.forename: Jingli
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, State Oceanic Administration, Dalian 116023, China; Division of Marine Chemistry, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China. Electronic address: jywang@nmemc.gov.cn.
authors.forename: Juying
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, State Oceanic Administration, Dalian 116023, China; Division of Marine Chemistry, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China. Electronic address: fjin@nmemc.gov.cn.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Environmental Science Research Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China. Electronic address: xhwang@xmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xinhong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Environmental Science Research Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China. Electronic address: hshong@xmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Huasheng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009990:Oryzias / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D059392:Petroleum Pollution; D010616:Phenanthrenes / Q000633:toxicity*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D010616:Phenanthrenes; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C447880:retene; C031181:phenanthrene
keywords: Alkyl-PAHs; Blue sac disease; Early life stage; Marine oil spill; Metabolites