title: Diversity, genetic mapping, and signatures of domestication in the carrot (Daucus carotaL.) genome, as revealed by Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT) markers.
abstract: Carrot is one of the most economically important vegetables worldwide, but genetic and genomic resources supporting carrot breeding remain limited. We developed a Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT) platform for wild and cultivated carrot and used it to investigate genetic diversity and to develop a saturated genetic linkage map of carrot. We analyzed a set of 900 DArT markers in a collection of plant materials comprising 94 cultivated and 65 wild carrot accessions. The accessions were attributed to three separate groups: wild, Eastern cultivated and Western cultivated. Twenty-seven markers showing signatures for selection were identified. They showed a directional shift in frequency from the wild to the cultivated, likely reflecting diversifying selection imposed in the course of domestication. A genetic linkage map constructed using 188 F2 plants comprised 431 markers with an average distance of 1.1 cM, divided into nine linkage groups. Using previously anchored single nucleotide polymorphisms, the linkage groups were physically attributed to the nine carrot chromosomes. A cluster of markers mapping to chromosome 8 showed significant segregation distortion. Two of the 27 DArT markers with signatures for selection were segregating in the mapping population and were localized on chromosomes 2 and 6. Chromosome 2 was previously shown to carry theVrn1gene governing the biennial growth habit essential for cultivated carrot. The results reported here provide background for further research on the history of carrot domestication and identify genomic regions potentially important for modern carrot breeding.
authors.affiliation: Insitute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Dariusz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Grzebelus
authors.affiliation: Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1575 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iorizzo
authors.affiliation: Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1575 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706 USA ; Vegetable Crops Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, University of Wisconsin, 1575 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Senalik
authors.affiliation: Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1575 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
authors.forename: Shelby
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ellison
authors.affiliation: CONICET and INTA EEA La Consulta, CC8 La Consulta (5567), Mendoza, Argentina.
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cavagnaro
authors.affiliation: Insitute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Alicja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Macko-Podgorni
authors.affiliation: Diversity Arrays Technology Pty Ltd, 1 Wilf Crane Crescent, Yarralumla, ACT 2600 Australia.
authors.forename: Kasia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Heller-Uszynska
authors.affiliation: Diversity Arrays Technology Pty Ltd, 1 Wilf Crane Crescent, Yarralumla, ACT 2600 Australia.
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kilian
authors.affiliation: Institute for Breeding Research on Horticultural and Fruit Crops, Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Erwin-Baur-Str. 27, 06484 Quedlinburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nothnagel
authors.affiliation: Warwick Crop Centre, University of Warwick, Wellesbourne, Warwick, CV35 9EF UK.
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Allender
authors.affiliation: Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1575 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706 USA ; Vegetable Crops Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, University of Wisconsin, 1575 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
authors.forename: Philipp W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.affiliation: Insitute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Rafal
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Baranski
keywords: Carrot; DArT; Diversity structure; Domestication; Linkage mapping; Selection