title: Selection of contraceptive therapy for patients with thrombophilia: a review of the evidence.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Awareness of the contributions of thrombophilia to thrombosis-related morbidity and mortality has been growing in the last few decades. Thrombophilia is especially concerning in females seeking contraception because some types of hormonal contraception have been associated with venous thromboembolism (VTE). Clinicians face a growing need for awareness of evidence-based contraception selection for this population.
  
  
  METHODS
  PubMed literature searches were conducted to provide a review of the literature describing contraceptive use in patients with thrombophilia. This review also describes contraceptive selection and counseling for this population.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Studies of combined hormonal contraceptive (CHC) use demonstrate a 2- to 50-fold increase in VTE in individuals with thrombophilia, depending on the type of thrombophilia and the reference group identified. Two small studies describing VTE incidence in progesterone-only contraceptive (POC) users with thrombophilia were identified but they did not provide conclusive information regarding VTE risk in this population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  POC may be recommended for contraception in patients with most thrombophilias, but studies should be undertaken to further define the safety of POC use in this population.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Outcomes Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina , Columbia, South Carolina.
authors.forename: Whitney D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Maxwell
authors.forename: Merna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jacob
authors.forename: Lisa B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Spiryda
authors.forename: Charles L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Bennett
mesh_terms: D003267:Contraception; D003278:Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005165:Factor V / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D012306:Risk; D019851:Thrombophilia / Q000150:complications*; D054556:Venous Thromboembolism / Q000150:complications* / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D003278:Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal; D005165:Factor V