title: Circulating CD3+56+ cell subset in pre-diabetes.
abstract: The CD3+56+ cells are a small but significant population of T lymphocytes encompassing NKT-like and NKT cells, which may play the essential role at the very early stages of atherosclerotic plaque development. The frequency and activity of CD3+56+ cells in atherosclerosis-inducing dysglycaemic disease (diabetes type 2 or pre-diabetes) is largely unknown.We analysed CD3+56+ cell count, granzyme, perforin and annexin V profiles in the peripheral blood from a group of patients with pre-diabetes, with diabetes type 2 and from non-dysglycaemic controls. Measurements were made of fasting glucose levels, HbA1c, 1,5-anhydroglucitol and lipid profile.The mean counts of CD3+56+ cells were significantly higher in patients with pre-diabetes compared to both patients with diabetes and to control group. There was an increase in the number of CD3+56+ cells producing granzyme and perforin in pre-diabetic patients compared to other groups, while there were no difference in annexin V+ populations within examined groups. It was confirmed that CD3+56+ cells count is modified by metabolic factors and their parameters, namely HbA1c and 1,5-anhydroglucitol values.It could be stated that the alterations of CD3+ 56+  cells count in peripheral blood of pre-diabetic and type 2 diabetic patients are related to different grades of carbohydrate deteriorations - postprandial hyperglycaemia and chronic hyperglycaemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dworacka
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wesołowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wysocka
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Winiarska
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, West Kazakhstan State Medical University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iskakova
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Immunology Poznan University of Medical -Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dworacki
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000097:blood*; D019002:CD56 Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D003847:Deoxyglucose / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood*; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000097:blood; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055611:Natural Killer T-Cells / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D058226:Plaque, Atherosclerotic / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D017252:CD3 Complex; D019002:CD56 Antigen; D003847:Deoxyglucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D008055:Lipids; C522918:NCAM1 protein, human; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human; C006584:1,5-anhydroglucitol