title: GCK, GCKR polymorphisms and risk of chronic kidney disease in Japanese individuals: data from the J-MICC Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is well known as a strong risk factor for both of end-stage renal disease and cardiovascular disease. To clarify the association of glucokinase and glucokinase regulatory protein (GCKR) polymorphisms with the risk of CKD in Japan, we examined this association among Japanese individuals using cross-sectional data.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects for this analysis were 3,314 consecutively selected participants from the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study. Age- and sex- adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of CKD stages 3-5 were calculated for each genotype by logistic regression and the effects of genotype on estimated glomerular filtration rate were evaluated by linear regression. Gene-environment interaction was also investigated based on questionnaire information.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When subjects with GCKR rs780094 G/A and G/G, or GCKR rs1260326 T/C and C/C were combined together and compared with the references (GCKR rs780094 A/A or GCKR rs1260326 T/T), the aORs were 0.84 (0.69-1.02) or 0.81 (0.67-0.99) (p = 0.075 or 0.037), respectively. A significant OR for interaction between GCKR rs1260326 T/T and current smoking (OR = 1.79, p = 0.041) was also observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study suggests a possible association of the T/T genotype of GCKR rs1260326 polymorphism with elevated risk of CKD and its interaction with current smoking, which may support the possibility of performing risk evaluation and prevention of this potentially life-threatening disease based on genetic traits in the near future.
authors.affiliation: Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan, ah758u.unc@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Asahi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hishida
authors.forename: Naoyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takashima
authors.forename: Tanvir Chowdhury
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Turin
authors.forename: Sayo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawai
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wakai
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hamajima
authors.forename: Satoyo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hosono
authors.forename: Yuichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishida
authors.forename: Sadao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nakahata
authors.forename: Haruo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mikami
authors.forename: Keizo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohnaka
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Matsui
authors.forename: Sakurako
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Katsuura-Kamano
authors.forename: Michiaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kubo
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Yoshikuni
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kita
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D005941:Glucokinase / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; C080906:glucokinase regulatory protein; D005941:Glucokinase