title: Cardiac repair and regenerative potential in the goldfish (Carassius auratus) heart.
abstract: The remarkable ability of the heart to regenerate has been demonstrated in the zebrafish and giant danio, two fish members of the cyprinid family. Here we use light and electron microscopy to examine the repair response in the heart of another cyprinid, the goldfish (Carassius auratus), following cautery injury to a small portion of its ventricular myocardium. We observed a robust inflammatory response in the first two weeks consisting primarily of infiltrating macrophages, heterophils, and melanomacrophages. These inflammatory cells were identified in the lumen of the spongy heart, within the site of the wound, and attached to endocardial cells adjacent to the site of injury. Marked accumulation of collagen fibers and increased connective tissue were also observed during the first and second weeks in a transition zone between healthy and injured myocardium as well as in adjacent sub-epicardial regions. The accumulation of collagen and connective tissue however did not persist. The presence of capillaries was also noted in the injured area during repair. The replacement of the cauterized region of the ventricle by myocardial tissue was achieved in 6weeks. The presence of ethynyl deoxyuridine-positive cardiac myocytes and partially differentiated cardiac myocytes during repair suggest effective cardiac myocyte driven regeneration mechanisms also operate in the injured goldfish heart, and are similar to those observed in zebrafish and giant danio. Our data suggest the ability for cardiac regeneration may be widely conserved among cyprinids.
authors.affiliation: DePauw University, Department of Biology, Greencastle, IN, USA.
authors.forename: Jamie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grivas
authors.affiliation: DePauw University, Department of Biology, Greencastle, IN, USA.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haag
authors.affiliation: DePauw University, Department of Biology, Greencastle, IN, USA.
authors.forename: Adedoyin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: DePauw University, Department of Biology, Greencastle, IN, USA.
authors.forename: Trina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Manalo
authors.affiliation: DePauw University, Department of Biology, Greencastle, IN, USA.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Roell
authors.affiliation: DePauw University, Department of Biology, Greencastle, IN, USA.
authors.forename: Tanmoy L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Das
authors.affiliation: College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Evelyn
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Alan R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Burns
authors.affiliation: DePauw University, Department of Biology, Greencastle, IN, USA.
authors.forename: Pascal J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Lafontant
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D006054:Goldfish / Q000502:physiology*; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000473:pathology; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D012038:Regeneration
chemical_list: D003094:Collagen
keywords: Cardiac repair; Danio; Fibroblasts; Goldfish; Heart; Inflammation; Regeneration; Remodeling