title: Simultaneous identification and quantification of 4-cumylphenol, 2,4-bis-(dimethylbenzyl)phenol and bisphenol A in prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii.
abstract: Bisphenol A (BPA), 4-cumylphenol (4-CP) and 2,4-bis-(dimethylbenzyl)phenol (2,4-DCP) are all high production volume chemicals and widely used in plastic and other consumer products. During the past two decades, BPA has attracted a great deal of scientific and public attention due to its presence in the environment and estrogenic property. Although 4-CP and 2,4-DCP are much more estrogenic and toxic than BPA, little information is available about their occurrence and fate in the environment. In this study, a rapid, selective, accurate and reliable analytical method was developed for the simultaneous determination of 4-CP, 2,4-DCP and BPA in prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. The method comprises an ultrasound-accelerated extraction followed by capillary gas chromatographic (GC) separation. The detection limits range from 1.50 to 36.4 ng kg(-1) for the three alkylphenols. The calibration curves are linear over the concentration range tested with the coefficients of determination, R(2), greater than 0.994. The developed method was successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of 4-CP, 2,4-DCP and BPA in prawn samples. The peak identification was confirmed using GC-MS. Bisphenol A, 2,4-bis-(dimethylbenzyl)phenol and 4-cumylphenol were found in prawn samples in the concentration ranges of 0.67-5.51, 0.36-1.61, and 0.00-1.96 ng g(-1) (wet weight), respectively. All relative standard deviations are less than 4.8%. At these environmentally relevant concentration levels, 4-CP, 2,4-DCP and BPA may affect the reproduction and development of aquatic organisms, including negative influence on crustaceans' larval survival, molting, metamorphosis and shell hardening. This is the first study reported on the occurrence of 4-CP, 2,4-DCP and BPA in prawn M. rosenbergii.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, 285 Old Westport Road, North Dartmouth, MA 02747, USA; University of Massachusetts Graduate School of Marine Sciences and Technology, 285 Old Westport Road, North Dartmouth, MA 02747, USA. Electronic address: yzuo@umassd.edu.
authors.forename: Yuegang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zuo
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, 285 Old Westport Road, North Dartmouth, MA 02747, USA.
authors.forename: Zhuo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D053000:Analytic Sample Preparation Methods; D000818:Animals; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D033541:Palaemonidae / Q000737:chemistry*; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013997:Time Factors; D014465:Ultrasonics; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D010636:Phenols; C512081:2,4-bis(alpha,alpha-dimethylbenzyl)phenol; C516284:4-cumylphenol; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
keywords: 2,4-Bis-(dimethylbenzyl)phenol; 4-Cumylphenol; Alkylphenol; Bisphenol A; Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry; Prawn