title: Influence of temperature and concentration on the dynamic viscosity of sodium hypochlorite in comparison with 17% EDTA and 2% chlorhexidine gluconate: An in vitro study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess the influence of temperature and concentration on the dynamic viscosity of sodium hypochlorite in comparison with 17% EDTA and 2% chlorhexidine gluconate.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dynamic viscosity measurements of sodium hypochlorite [NaOCl (5.25%, 2.6%, 1.25%)], EDTA (17%), and chlorhexidine gluconate [CHX, 2%] were measured using a rotational digital viscometer at room temperature (25°C). The influence of temperature (45°C, 60°C) and concentration (5.25%, 2.6%, and 1.25%) on the dynamic viscosity of NaOCl was also evaluated. The measurements were performed using a circulating water bath calibrated with a thermostat, and the dynamic viscosity measurements were noted in Centipoise (Cps).
  
  
  METHODS
  The tests used for the statistical analysis were Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro Wilk tests, one-way ANOVA, and independent sample t-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Viscosity statistically increased with NaOCl concentration and decreased with increasing temperature. Amongst the tested NaOCl groups, 5.25% NaOCl at room temperature was significantly the most viscous (μ =1.5300 Cps) while 1.25% NaOCl at 60°C was significantly the least viscous (μ =1.1800 Cps).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  5.25% NaOCl and 17% EDTA are significantly viscous at room temperature. Elevating the temperature of 1.25% NaOCl to 60°C significantly reduces the viscosity of the NaOCl.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Thai Moogambigai Dental College and Hospital, Golden George Nagar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Velayutham
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gopikrishna
authors.affiliation: Departments of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Thai Moogambigai Dental College and Hospital, Golden George Nagar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Priyanka
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ashok
authors.affiliation: Departments of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Thai Moogambigai Dental College and Hospital, Golden George Nagar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Ar Pradeep
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Departments of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Thai Moogambigai Dental College and Hospital, Golden George Nagar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: L Lakshmi
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Narayanan
keywords: Chlorhexidine gluconate; concentration; dynamic viscosity; ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; irrigation; sodium hypochlorite; temperature