title: Does a hot drink provide faster absorption of paracetamol than a tablet? A pharmacoscintigraphic study in healthy male volunteers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the hypothesis that paracetamol is absorbed faster from a hot drink than from a standard tablet using simultaneous scintigraphic imaging and pharmacokinetic sampling.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five healthy male volunteers received both paracetamol formulations in a randomised manner. The formulation administered in the first treatment arm was radiolabelled to allow scintigraphic monitoring. In both treatment arms, blood samples were taken for assessing paracetamol absorption.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Following the hot drink, paracetamol absorption was both significantly faster and greater over the first 60 min post-dose compared with the tablet, as evidenced by the median time to reach t0.25 μg/mL of 4.6 and 23.1 min, respectively, and AUC0-60 of 4668.00 and 1331.17 h*ng/mL, respectively. In addition, tmax was significantly shorter for the hot drink (median time = 1.50 h) compared with the tablet (1.99 h). However, Cmax was significantly greater following the tablet (9,077 ng/mL) compared with the hot drink (8,062 ng/mL). Onset of gastric emptying after the hot drink was significantly faster than after the standard tablet (7.9 versus 54.2 min), as confirmed scintigraphically.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with a standard tablet, a hot drink provides faster absorption of paracetamol potentially due to more rapid gastric emptying.
authors.affiliation: Bio-Images Research Ltd, Within Glasgow Royal Infirmary, 84 Castle Street, Glasgow, G4 0SF, UK, leeann.hodges@bio-images.co.uk.
authors.forename: Lee Ann
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Hodges
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: Darren
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Targett
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Durcan
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001628:Beverages; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D065569:Gastrointestinal Absorption / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013607:Tablets; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D013607:Tablets; D000082:Acetaminophen