title: Clinical characteristics of congenital cervical atresia based on anatomy and ultrasound: a retrospective study of 32 cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To explore the clinical characteristics of congenital cervical atresia.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective analysis included 32 cases of congenital cervical atresia treated from March 1984 to September 2010. The anatomic location, ultrasonic features, surgical treatments, and outcomes were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Based on clinical characteristics observed during preoperative ultrasound and intraoperative exploration, congenital cervical atresia was divided into four types. Type I (n?=?22/32, 68.8%) is incomplete cervical atresia. Type II (n?=?5/32, 15.6%) defines a short and solid cervix with a round end; the structure lacked uterosacral and cardinal ligament attachments to the lower uterine body. Type III (n?=?2/32, 6.3%) is complete cervical atresia, in which the lowest region of the uterus exhibited a long and solid cervix. Type IV (n?=?3/32, 9.4%) defines the absence of a uterine isthmus, in which no internal os was detected, and a blind lumen was found under the uterus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Observations of clinical characteristics of congenital cervical atresia based on the anatomy and ultrasound may inform diagnosis and treatment strategy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fuyang Clinical Institute, Anhui Medical University, No, 63 Luci Street, Fuyang 236003, China. fysyyxzh@126.com.
authors.forename: Zhihong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Xiaoping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jiandong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Ningzhi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Yongying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xiaoying
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005836:Genitalia, Female / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014564:Urogenital Abnormalities / Q000145:classification* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D055815:Young Adult