title: Evidence for influenza virus CNS invasion along the olfactory route in an immunocompromised infant.
abstract: Central nervous system (CNS) disease is the most common extrarespiratory complication of influenza in humans. However, the pathogenesis, including the route of virus entry, is largely unknown. Here we present, for the first time, evidence of influenza virus entry into the CNS via the olfactory route in an immune-compromised infant. Since the nasal cavity is a primary site of influenza virus replication and is directly connected to the CNS via the olfactory nerve, these results imply that influenza virus invasion of the CNS may occur more often than previously believed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Viroscience.
authors.forename: Debby
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: van Riel
authors.affiliation: Department of Viroscience.
authors.forename: Lonneke M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Leijten
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology.
authors.forename: Rob M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Verdijk
authors.affiliation: Department of Viroscience.
authors.forename: Corine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: GeurtsvanKessel
authors.affiliation: Department of Viroscience.
authors.forename: Erhard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: van der Vries
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Erasmus MC-Sophia, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Annemarie M C
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: van Rossum
authors.affiliation: Department of Viroscience.
authors.forename: Ab D M E
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Osterhaus
authors.affiliation: Department of Viroscience.
authors.forename: Thijs
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuiken
mesh_terms: D002494:Central Nervous System Infections / Q000821:virology*; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D007223:Infant; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology*; D009830:Olfactory Bulb / Q000821:virology*; D009975:Orthomyxoviridae / Q000502:physiology*; D010198:Pancytopenia
keywords: CNS disease; central nervous system; influenza; olfactory route; virus attachment