title: Adolescent intermittent ethanol exposure diminishes anhedonia during ethanol withdrawal in adulthood.
abstract: Adolescent alcohol use may interfere with neurodevelopment, increasing the likelihood of adult alcohol use disorders (AUDs). We investigated whether adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE) exposure alters the adult reward response to ethanol. Adolescent rats were administered ethanol once (moderate exposure; Cohort 1) or three times per day (severe exposure; Cohort 2) in a 2 days on/2 days off pattern. In adulthood, subjects responded for electrical stimulation directed at the posterior lateral hypothalamus in a discrete-trial intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) procedure that provides current-intensity thresholds as a measure of brain reward function. The effects of ethanol administration and withdrawal were assessed. Control rats showed dose-dependent threshold elevations after acute ethanol, indicating reward deficits. A majority of moderately AIE-exposed rats (Cohort 1) showed threshold lowering after ethanol, suggesting ethanol-induced reward enhancement in this sub-set of rats. Rats exposed to severe AIE (Cohort 2) showed no threshold elevation or lowering, suggesting a blunted affective ethanol response. Daily ethanol induced threshold elevations 24h after administration in control rats but not in either group of AIE-exposed rats, suggesting decreased sensitivity to the negative affective state of ethanol withdrawal. Withdrawal from a 4-day ethanol binge produced robust and enduring threshold elevations in all rats, although threshold elevations were diminished in rats exposed to severe AIE. These results indicate that AIE exposure diminished reward deficits associated with ethanol intoxication and withdrawal and may have increased ethanol-induced reward enhancement in a sub-set of rats. In humans, enhanced ethanol reward accompanied by reduced withdrawal severity may contribute to the development of AUDs.
authors.affiliation: University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Boutros
authors.affiliation: University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Svetlana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Semenova
authors.affiliation: University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States. Electronic address: amarkou@ucsd.edu.
authors.forename: Athina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Markou
mesh_terms: D019973:Alcohol-Related Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology; D059445:Anhedonia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000503:physiopathology; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D000431:Ethanol / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D008297:Male; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012201:Reward; D012653:Self Stimulation; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants; D000431:Ethanol
keywords: Adolescent; Binge drinking ethanol; Self-stimulation; Wistar rats