title: Enhancement of muscle repair using human mesenchymal stem cells with a magnetic targeting system in a subchronic muscle injury model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A magnetic cell targeting system was previously developed to promote the accumulation of transplanted cells in sites of injury in order to effectively treat injured tissues. However, the optimum time of exposure to the magnetic field and the strength of the magnetic force have not yet been clarified. In this study, we investigated the optimum conditions of the magnetic force required to retain iron-labeled human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) at the site of transplantation for muscle repair in a subchronic skeletal muscle injury nude rat model.
  
  
  METHODS
  First, the optimum strength and time of exposure to the magnetic force for cell retention at the transplantation site were investigated 2 days after cell transplantation (1 × 10(5) cells). Second, the degree of enhancement of muscle repair was investigated at 3 weeks after cell transplantation in the group treated without a magnetic force and two typical magnetic condition groups that exhibited different levels of cell integration in first part of the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On the basis of the results of the first investigation, it was concluded that a magnetic strength of 1.5 T and 10 min of exposure to the magnetic force were efficient conditions to induce the retention of transplanted cells at the site of transplantation. In the second study, the groups exposed to a 1.5-T magnetic field for 10 min demonstrated significant enhancement of muscle repair, both histologically and electromechanically.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study identified the optimal conditions required to retain transplanted hMSCs at the site of transplantation using a magnetic targeting system. This study also showed that the restoration of subchronic muscle injuries can be enhanced by magnetically labeled hMSCs following the application of a magnetic force.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan, seigo1224oshima@yahoo.co.jp.
authors.forename: Seigo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oshima
authors.forename: Naosuke
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kamei
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakasa
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yasunaga
authors.forename: Mitsuo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ochi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002465:Cell Movement; D003911:Dextrans; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000293:injuries* / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D011923:Rats, Nude; D013718:Tensile Strength
chemical_list: D003911:Dextrans; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; C065507:ferumoxides