title: The use of a noninvasive hemoglobin monitor for determining fluid distribution and elimination in pediatric patients undergoing minor surgery.
abstract: In pediatric fluid therapy it would be preferable to describe distribution and elimination a fluid bolus based on repetitive hemoglobin (Hb) according to kinetic principles. Pulse CO-Oximetry is a recent advancement in patient monitoring that allows for the continuous noninvasive measurement of Hb (SpHb). The aim of this study was to describe the distribution and elimination of hydroxyethylstarch (HES) 130/0.4 in combination with crystalloids using a noninvasive Hb monitor in two cohorts of young children undergoing minor surgeries under general anesthesia. Two cohorts, 16 children aged 1-3 years and 12 aged 4-6 years, were investigated during anesthesia and minor surgical procedures. They were given a maintenance solution of lactated Ringer's and a fluid bolus of HES 130/0.4, 6 mL/kg over a period of 20 min. The whole procedure lasted 120 min, and SpHb values were measured every 10 min. The SpHb values were used to calculate plasma dilution, net volume, and mean residence time (MRT) of the infused fluid. A total of 377 measured SpHbs generated individual dilution plots that showed variability, particularly for the older cohort. Distribution and elimination rates of the infused fluid were calculated. Mean dilution plots were generated. There were no significant differences in dilution, net volume or MRT between groups. A non invasive Hb analyzer could be used to calculate fluid distribution. The variability in the data can probably be explained by reactions to anesthetic drugs, variability in measurement technique, variability in generating the complex capillary signals, and individual variability in baseline fluid status. The latter finding is important because this is a prerequisite for perioperative fluid planning for each individual.
authors.affiliation: The Second Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, China.
authors.forename: Qingquan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Lian
authors.forename: Husong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ruifeng
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Junhui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: Wangning
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shangguan
authors.forename: Huacheng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Benfu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Rodhe
authors.forename: Christer H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Svensen
mesh_terms: D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000379:methods; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000737:chemistry; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D006895:Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives / Q000737:chemistry; D007223:Infant; D007700:Kinetics; D013511:Minor Surgical Procedures; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000379:methods*; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D010092:Oximetry / Q000379:methods; D010372:Pediatrics; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D006895:Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives; D002248:Carbon Monoxide