title: Effect of aged garlic extract and s-allyl cysteine and their interaction with atenolol during isoproterenol induced myocardial toxicity in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study evaluates the cardioprotective effect of aged garlic extract (AGE) and its constituent; S-allylcysteine (SAC) and their interaction with atenolol during isoproterenol induced cardiac toxicity in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were administered AGE at two different doses of 2 ml/kg or 5 ml/kg orally whereas SAC was administered either at a dose 13.1 mg/kg or 32.76 mg/kg. The AGE or SAC was given alone or in combination with atenolol (6 mg/kg, p.o), every alternate day for three weeks. At the end of treatment, two doses of isoproterenol (150 mg/kg, s.c) were administered to rats. The electrocardiogram (ECG) was recorded followed by withdrawal of blood to estimate serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatinine kinase-MB (CK-MB) activities. The activities of LDH, CK-MB as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were also determined in the heart tissue homogenate (HTH).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The isoproterenol induced ECG changes were restored to normal in all treated groups. The AGE and SAC administration caused a decrease in serum LDH and CK-MB activities and an elevation of LDH and CK-MB activities in HTH. Atenolol alone or in combination with AGE and S-allylcsyteine demonstrated similar changes in biomarker activities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AGE showed dose-dependent cardioprotection. However, concurrent administration of SAC with atenolol (6 mg/kg, p.o) combated more effectively the myocardial dysfunction during isoproterenol induced cardiotoxicity in rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Krupanidhi College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Pulla Reddy
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Avula
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Al- Maarefa College for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Syed Mohammed
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Asdaq
authors.affiliation: College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Asad
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001262:Atenolol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D052279:Creatine Kinase, MB Form / Q000097:blood; D003545:Cysteine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D005737:Garlic / Q000737:chemistry*; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000633:toxicity*; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D001262:Atenolol; C065299:S-allylcysteine; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D052279:Creatine Kinase, MB Form; D003545:Cysteine; D007545:Isoproterenol
keywords: Acute myocardial injury; aged garlic extract; atenolol; isoproterenol s-allyl cysteine