title: A standardized obstacle course for assessment of visual function in ultra low vision and artificial vision.
abstract: We describe an indoor, portable, standardized course that can be used to evaluate obstacle avoidance in persons who have ultralow vision. Six sighted controls and 36 completely blind but otherwise healthy adult male (n=29) and female (n=13) subjects (age range 19-85 years), were enrolled in one of three studies involving testing of the BrainPort sensory substitution device. Subjects were asked to navigate the course prior to, and after, BrainPort training. They completed a total of 837 course runs in two different locations. Means and standard deviations were calculated across control types, courses, lights, and visits. We used a linear mixed effects model to compare different categories in the PPWS (percent preferred walking speed) and error percent data to show that the course iterations were properly designed. The course is relatively inexpensive, simple to administer, and has been shown to be a feasible way to test mobility function. Data analysis demonstrates that for the outcome of percent error as well as for percentage preferred walking speed, that each of the three courses is different, and that within each level, each of the three iterations are equal. This allows for randomization of the courses during administration.
authors.affiliation: UPMC Eye Center, University of Pittsburgh; nauac@upmc.edu.
authors.forename: Amy Catherine
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Nau
authors.affiliation: UPMC Eye Center, University of Pittsburgh.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pintar
authors.affiliation: UPMC Eye Center, University of Pittsburgh.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh.
authors.forename: Jong-Hyeon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh.
authors.forename: KwonHo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jeong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014787:Vision Tests / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D015354:Vision, Low / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D057488:Visual Prosthesis / Q000592:standards*; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult