title: Spirulina and pentoxyfilline - a novel approach for treatment of oral submucous fibrosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oral submucous fibrosis is a habit associated insidious precancerous condition of the oral cavity commonly found in Asian countries. Many treatment modalities have been attempted in treating the condition apart from steroids which have been the main stay. Hence the present study was designed to assess the efficacy of spirulina and pentoxyfilline and also to compare them in oral submucous fibrosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourty Patients with clinico-histological diagnosis of oral sub mucous fibrosis were selected and divided into two groups with 20 in each group by simple randomization method. Group I received Pentoxyfilline and Group II Spirulina for period of 3 months. The efficacy was assessed by parameters like mouth opening, burning sensation and tongue protrusion using vernier caliper, visual analog scale and a metric scale respectively along with the side effects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Student's t-test was applied to obtain the results. Both Pentoxyfilline and Spirulina groups showed statistically significant results (p=0.000) in all the three parameters namely mouth opening, burning sensation and tongue protrusion. On comparing both the drugs statistically insignificant results were obtained for mouth opening (p=0.35) and tongue protrusion (p=0.25) but statistically significant difference was seen in subjective parameter i.e burning sensation (p=0.04). Side effects like bloating of stomach, nausea and gastritis were noted in the pentoxyfilline group in contrast to Spirulina group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Newer drugs Pentoxyfilline and Spirulina showed promising results in treatment of Oral sub mucous fibrosis. Spirulina was used for the first time for treatment of Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) and it proved to be superior than pentoxyfilline as no side effects were observed. Also it was superior in reducing burning sensation and hence can be advised in OSMF patients suffering from severe subjective symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Drs. Sudha and Nageswararo, Siddhartha Institute of Dental Sciences , Chinaoutpalli, Gannavaram Mandal, Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh, India .
authors.forename: Bhavana Sujana
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Mulk
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology JSS Dental College and Hospital , S.S Nagar, Mysore, India .
authors.forename: Prasannasrinivas
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Deshpande
authors.affiliation: Professor and Head of Department, Sri Sai College of Dental Surgery , Kothrepally, Vikarabad, Andhra Pradesh, India .
authors.forename: Nagalakshmi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Velpula
authors.affiliation: Reader, Sri Sai College of Dental Surgery , Kothrepally, Vikarabad, Andhra Pradesh, India .
authors.forename: Vani
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Chappidi
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Drs. Sudha and Nageswararo Siddhartha Institute of Dental Sciences , Chinaoutpalli, Gannavaram Mandal, Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh, India .
authors.forename: Raja Lakshmi
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Chintamaneni
authors.affiliation: Assistant Profesor, Sri Sai College of Dental Surgery , Kothrepally, Vikarabad, Andhra Pradesh, India .
authors.forename: Stuti
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goyal
keywords: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF); Pentoxyfilline; Potentially malignant disorder; Spirulina