title: [Universal cytomegalovirus infection screening in premature newborns less than 1500 g].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is endemic, and children who attend day care are the most important source of infection.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To establish recommendations based on the medical evidence on the vertical transmission of cytomegalovirus in preterm infants weighing less than 1500g at birth.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Infection in pregnant women may be primary or secondary. Although there is fetal infection, 85% of newborn infants are asymptomatic. Symptoms of infection include low birth weight, hepatosplenomegaly, thrombocytopenia, microcephaly and neurological disorders. The prognosis of symptomatic children is very poor, with high mortality and neurological disorders. The virus can be reactivated during breast feeding, and early infection is possible through breast milk, probably with little impact in term infants, although the long-term neurological outcome worsens in preterm infants. The diagnostic method of choice is the identification of CMV in urine; the determination in the first two weeks of life suggests congenital infection; later it can be acquired at birth or through breast milk or contaminated blood transfusion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Determine viral DNA at 4-6 weeks of life by protease chain reaction. If it is positive, monitoring of samples from the first days of life and breast milk are mandatory. This should allow the newborn to be classified into three states: "Without CMV infection", "Congenital CMV infection", "Acquired CMV infection".
authors.affiliation: Comité de Estándares, Sociedad Española de Neonatología; Grupo Castrillo, Sociedad Española de Neonatología, Infecciones por Citomegalovirus. Electronic address: fbotet@clinic.ub.es.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Botet
authors.affiliation: Grupo Castrillo, Sociedad Española de Neonatología, Infecciones por Citomegalovirus.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Figueras Aloy
authors.affiliation: Grupo Castrillo, Sociedad Española de Neonatología, Infecciones por Citomegalovirus.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Álvarez
authors.affiliation: Grupo Castrillo, Sociedad Española de Neonatología, Infecciones por Citomegalovirus.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: de Alba
authors.affiliation: Grupo Castrillo, Sociedad Española de Neonatología, Infecciones por Citomegalovirus.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dorronsolo
authors.affiliation: Comité de Estándares, Sociedad Española de Neonatología.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Echaniz Urcelay
authors.affiliation: Comité de Estándares, Sociedad Española de Neonatología.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rite
authors.affiliation: Comité de Estándares, Sociedad Española de Neonatología.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.affiliation: Comité de Estándares, Sociedad Española de Neonatología.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Fernández Lorenzo
authors.affiliation: Comité de Estándares, Sociedad Española de Neonatología.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Herranz Carrillo
authors.affiliation: Comité de Estándares, Sociedad Española de Neonatología.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Salguero
authors.affiliation: Comité de Estándares, Sociedad Española de Neonatología.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sánchez Luna
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000821:virology*; D019102:Infant, Very Low Birth Weight; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D015997:Neonatal Screening; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic
keywords: Breastfeeding; Citomegalovirus; Cytomegalovirus; Infant newborn; Lactancia materna; Premature infant; Prematuro; Recién nacido
vernacular_title: Cribado universal de infección por citomegalovirus en prematuros de menos de 1.500 g.