title: Combined chemical and toxicological long-term monitoring for AhR agonists with SPMD-based virtual organisms in drinking water Danjiangkou Reservoir, China.
abstract: SPMD-based virtual organisms (VOs) were employed for time-integrating, long-term sampling combined biological and chemical analyses for exposure assessment of hydrophobic organic pollutants (HOPs) in a drinking water reservoir, China. The SPMDs were deployed at four and five sites in the Danjiangkou (DJK) reservoir over two periods of 26 and 31 d to sequester the hydrophobic contaminants in water. The chosen bioassay response for the extracts of the SPMDs, the induction of 7-ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (EROD) was assayed using a rat hepatoma cell line (H4IIE). The known aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists PAHs and PCBs were analyzed by HRGC/HRMS instrument. The cause-effect relationship between the observed AhR activities and chemical concentrations of detected AhR agonists was examined. The results show that the extracts from the SPMD samples could induce AhR activity significantly, whereas the chemically derived 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) equivalent (TEQcal) was not correlated with the bioassay-derived TCDD equivalent (TEQbio). The known AhR agonists could only account for 2-10% of the observed AhR responses among which the contribution of PCBs could almost be neglected. Unidentified AhR-active compounds represented a greater proportion of the TCDD equivalent (TCDD-EQ) in SPMD samples from DJK. Based on the first assessment, the VO followed by the combination of chemical and biological analyses emerges as a resource efficient water monitoring device in ecotoxicological assessment for toxicologically relevant compounds which are readily available for uptake by resident aquatic biota in drinking water resources.
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China; Helmholtz Center Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Molecular EXposomics (MEX), Ingolstädter Landstr.1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; TUM, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan fuer Ernaehrung und Landnutzung, Department fuer Biowissenschaftliche Grundlagen, Weihenstephaner Steig 23, 85350 Freising, Germany; Department of Chemistry, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia B4P 2R6, Canada. Electronic address: wangjx@ihb.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Jingxian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Hubei Environmental Monitoring Center Station, Wuhan 430072, PR China.
authors.forename: Guoqiang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Hubei Environmental Monitoring Center Station, Wuhan 430072, PR China.
authors.forename: Aimin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Helmholtz Center Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Molecular EXposomics (MEX), Ingolstädter Landstr.1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Henkelmann
authors.affiliation: Helmholtz Center Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Molecular EXposomics (MEX), Ingolstädter Landstr.1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Gerd
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pfister
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia B4P 2R6, Canada.
authors.forename: Anthony Z
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.affiliation: Helmholtz Center Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Molecular EXposomics (MEX), Ingolstädter Landstr.1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; TUM, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan fuer Ernaehrung und Landnutzung, Department fuer Biowissenschaftliche Grundlagen, Weihenstephaner Steig 23, 85350 Freising, Germany. Electronic address: schramm@wzw.tum.de.
authors.forename: Karl-Werner
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Schramm
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002681:China; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D060106:Lakes / Q000737:chemistry; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D051381:Rats; D018336:Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon / Q000819:agonists*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D060766:Drinking Water; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D018336:Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls
keywords: AhR activity; Danjiangkou Reservoir (DJK); Drinking water; Hydrophobic organic pollutants (HOPs); Semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs); Virtual organisms (VOs)