title: Occurrence of preservatives and antimicrobials in Japanese rivers.
abstract: We established a method for the simultaneous analysis of seven preservatives and five antimicrobials in water. These chemicals are widely used in cosmetics, and their presence in river water is of concern. We used the method to test 13 sites in Japanese rivers and streams contaminated by domestic wastewater, effluent, or industrial wastewater. 2-Phenoxyethanol (2-PE), isopropylmethylphenol, resorcinol, and triclosan were detected at most sites; the maximum concentration of 2-PE detected was 14000 ng L(-1). The results suggest that the major sources of 2-PE were cosmetics and household detergents. The ratio of methylparaben to n-propylparaben in river waters with direct wastewater drainage was similar to that in common cosmetics. This is the first research on levels of 2-PE, isopropylmethylphenol, and chlorphenesin in river water.
authors.affiliation: Saitama City Institute of Health Science and Research, 7-5-12 Suzuya Chuo-ku, Saitama 338-0013, Japan; Graduate School of Environmental and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University,79-7 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan. Electronic address: aea47-u1u1@city.saitama.lg.jp.
authors.forename: Kumiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.affiliation: Department of Architectural and Civil Engineering, Chiba Institute of Technology, 2-17-1 Tsudanuma, Narashino, Chiba 275-0016, Japan.
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kameda
authors.affiliation: Institute of Socio, Arts, and Sciences, The University of Tokushima, 1-1 Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima 770-8502, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Environmental Quality Management, Kyoto University, 1-2 Yumihama, Otsu, Shiga 520-0811, Japan.
authors.forename: Norihide
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nakada
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan.
authors.forename: Ikumi
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.affiliation: Saitama City Institute of Health Science and Research, 7-5-12 Suzuya Chuo-ku, Saitama 338-0013, Japan.
authors.forename: Motonobu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Environmental and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University,79-7 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigeki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Masunaga
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis; D007564:Japan; D011310:Preservatives, Pharmaceutical / Q000032:analysis*; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry*; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry; D013997:Time Factors; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D007220:Industrial Waste; D011310:Preservatives, Pharmaceutical; D012722:Sewage; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: 2-Phenoxyethanol; Antimicrobials; Cosmetics; Isopropylmethylphenol; Preservatives; River water