title: Guan-Din method: a novel surgical technique for selective thoracic fusion to maximize the rate of selective thoracic fusion and compensatory correction.
abstract: METHODS
  Retrospective radiographical review.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the outcome of selective thoracic fusion (STF) by using the Guan-Din method for the treatment of major thoracic compensatory lumbar (MTCL) curves.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Performing STF for MTCL curves is to minimize the loss of lumbar motion and the risk of lumbar degeneration or pain. Surgical treatment of MTCL curves aims to maximize the rate of STF for MTCL curves while optimizing instrumental thoracic and compensatory lumbar correction. The Guan-Din method has been demonstrated to be able to enhance the lumbar curve's capacity for spontaneous correction and broaden the current curve criteria of MTCL curves for STF.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 2004 and 2010, 510 consecutive surgically treated MTCL curves were reviewed. Of these MTCL curves, who met the criteria of lumbar side bending Cobb 35° or less and without global thoracic hyperkyphosis and/or thoracolumbar kyphosis (T10-L2 ≤20°), were treated with STF using the Guan-Din method. Radiographs were analyzed before surgery, immediately after surgery, and at the most recent follow-up (range, 2-8 yr).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Curve types of 510 MTCL curves according to Lenke system were as follows: 1A (n = 91), 2A (n = 74), 3A (n = 6), 4A (n = 2), 1B (n = 93), 2B (n = 34), 3B (n = 8), 4B (n = 5), 1C (n = 84), 2C (n = 26), 3C (n = 72), and 4C (n = 15). Of the 510 MTCL curves, 458 (90%) curves were treated with STF. A mean 73% thoracic correction and 63% lumbar correction was obtained at the most recent follow-up. Of the 197 surgically treated MTCL curves with a lumbar C modifier, 148 (75%) curves that contained 57 Lenke 1C and 2C curves and 40 Lenke 3C and 4C curves that did not meet Lenke curve criteria for STF, were successfully treated with STF. A mean 67% thoracic correction and 57% lumbar correction was obtained at the most recent follow-up. The rate of STF and the magnitude of correction of MTCL curves in this study were significantly greater than those in all other reports. No significant change in global coronal and sagittal imbalance was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The rate of STF and the compensatory correction of MTCL curves could be maximized by using the Guan-Din method as the method for STF.
  
  
  METHODS
  4.
authors.affiliation: *Taiwan Spine Center, Jen-Ai Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China †The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, People's Republic of China; and ‡Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Traditional Chinese medicine, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Kao-Wha
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Yin-Yu
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Xiangyang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Leng
authors.forename: Chi-Ming
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Tsung-Chein
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yu-Fei
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Guo-Zhi
authors.initials: GZ
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000379:methods*; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult