title: MAITs, MR1 and vitamin B metabolites.
abstract: αβT-cell mediated immunity is traditionally characterised by recognition of peptides or lipids presented by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) or the CD1 family respectively. Recently the antigenic repertoire of αβT-cells has been expanded with the observation that mucosal-associated invariant T-cells (MAIT cells), an abundant population of innate-like T-cells, can recognise metabolites of vitamin B, when presented by the MHC-related protein, MR1. The semi-invariant MAIT T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) recognises riboflavin and folic acid metabolites bound by MR1 in a conserved docking mode, and thus acts like a pattern recognition receptor. Here we review and discuss the recent observations concerning antigen presentation by MR1, the advent of MR1-Ag tetramers that specifically stain MAIT cells, recognition by the MAIT TCR, and our emerging understanding of MAIT cells in disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
authors.forename: Richard W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Birkinshaw
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kjer-Nielsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
authors.forename: Sidonia B G
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Eckle
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia. Electronic address: jamesm1@unimelb.edu.au.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McCluskey
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK. Electronic address: jamie.rossjohn@monash.edu.
authors.forename: Jamie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rossjohn
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017951:Antigen Presentation / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D017124:Conserved Sequence / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015332:Gene Rearrangement, alpha-Chain T-Cell Antigen Receptor / Q000276:immunology; D015333:Gene Rearrangement, beta-Chain T-Cell Antigen Receptor / Q000276:immunology; D005805:Genes, MHC Class I / Q000276:immunology*; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal / Q000235:genetics; D015778:Minor Histocompatibility Antigens; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D014803:Vitamin B Complex / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; C094840:MR1 protein, human; D015778:Minor Histocompatibility Antigens; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition; D014803:Vitamin B Complex