title: Leukostasis in an Adult with AML Presenting as Multiple High Attenuation Brain Masses on CT.
abstract: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematologic malignancy that can present with central nervous system (CNS) symptoms. Neurological symptoms may result from the local accumulation of malignant cells in or near the brain (chloroma), infection, hemorrhage, or infarcts from leukostasis. Leukostasisis a syndrome that can include brain infarction due hyperviscosity of blood with vascular occlusion but CNS involvement is rarely encountered in adults. We report an unusual case of leukostasis in an adult who presented with multiple high attenuation intracranial masses on CT. While initially thought to represent chloromasthey proved to be hemorrhagic infarcts secondary toleukostasis on open brain biopsy. This condition is under-reported in the radiology literature and only rarely biopsy proven. We review in this paper the pathological, CT and MRI findings of leukostasis in order to increase awareness of this uncommon entity and facilitate diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Faculty, Department of Radiology, Qassim University , Saudi Arabia .
authors.forename: Abdulaziz Ahmad
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Algharras
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania , USA .
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mamourian
authors.affiliation: Forensic Pathology Fellow, Department of Miami-Dade Medical Examiner, Number One on Bob Hope Rd., Miami, Fl 33136 .
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Coyne
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania , USA .
authors.forename: Suyash
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mohan
keywords: AML; Chloroma; Leukostasis