title: When you can't tell when it hurts: a preliminary algorithm to assess pain in patients who can't communicate.
abstract: Pain is a common but significant problem that is considered a high priority area of care. Although there are many pain assessment scales that can be applied to patients who can communicate, either verbally or non-verbally, pain assessment for minimally responsive patients is limited. In this preliminary work, we developed a novel approach for assessing pain in such patients using a principal component analysis (PCA)-based local detector. Our algorithm produce a single index to indicate the increase in pain level based on unsynchronized, sparse and noisy time series data collected from electronic flowsheets. Among 8032 patient cases collected, 53 cases that satisfied the data requirements for PCA were used in this experiment. Our preliminary results indicate high potential in this approach by yielding an average AUC of 0.76 for the 53 cases.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biomedical Informatics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA.
authors.forename: Shuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Division of Biomedical Informatics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA.
authors.forename: Xiaoqian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Division of Biomedical Informatics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA.
authors.forename: Zhanglong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: Division of Biomedical Informatics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA ; Division of Hospital Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: El-Kareh
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI.
authors.forename: Jeeyae
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Division of Biomedical Informatics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA.
authors.forename: Hyeoneui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D019540:Area Under Curve; D003144:Communication Barriers; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D012372:ROC Curve; D014474:Unconsciousness