title: Stress response induced by carbon nanoparticles in Paracentrotus lividus.
abstract: Members of the 14-3-3 protein family are involved in many important cellular events, including stress response, survival and apoptosis. Genes of the 14-3-3 family are conserved from plants to humans, and some members are responsive to UV radiation. Despite the high rate of pollution generated by nano-pollutants, up to now their toxic effect on development is totally obscure. Embryos treated with carbon nanoparticles, RNA preparation, retro-transcription and quantitative real-time PCR. In response to carbon nano-particles exposure, the embryos collected 24 h later showed a 3,07-fold at 5x10(12) p and a 1,58-fold at 2.5x10(13) p and a 1,92-fold at 2.5x10(14) p increase in Pl14-3-3ε transcript levels compared with controls. The Pl14-3-3ε mRNA delocalization parallels the failure in archenteron elongation observed morphologically, as well as the lack of specific endoderm markers. Here, we report the isolation of the complete cDNA encoding the 14-3-3 epsilon isoform from Paracentrotus lividus sea urchin embryos, referred to as Pl14-3-3ε. Pl14-3-3ε mRNA levels were measured by RT-PCR during development and found to increase from the mesenchyme blastula to the prism stage. Our results confirm the involvement of 14-3-3ε in the stress response elicited by carbon nano-particles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy.
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Carata
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy.
authors.forename: Bernardetta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Anna Tenuzzo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy.
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Arnò
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Buccolieri
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Serra
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Manno
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy.
authors.forename: Luciana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dini
keywords: 14-3-3 epsilon; Paracentrotus lividus; carbon nanoparticles; gene expression; toxicity