title: Prevalence of chronic kidney disease and its association with metabolic diseases: a cross-sectional survey in Zhejiang province, Eastern China.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and metabolic diseases has increased at different rates in different regions in China. The aim of our study was to estimate the prevalence of CKD and to analyze associated risk factors of CKD in Zhejiang province, Eastern China.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional survey of 11,013 adults was conducted from September 2009 to June 2012 in Zhejiang Province, located in Eastern China. CKD was defined as having an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or the presence of albuminuria. Medical history, physical examination and laboratory data were used to diagnose metabolic diseases. Age- and sex-standardized prevalence was calculated using the data on the population distribution in China in 2010. We examined risk factors associated with decreased renal function and albuminuria using multivariate logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 10,384 adults (94.3%) completed the screening. The standardized prevalence of reduced renal function (eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) was 1.83% (95% CI 1.52-2.13) and that of albuminuria was 8.65% (95% CI 7.98-9.31). The overall prevalence of CKD was 9.88% (95% CI 9.18-10.59). The prevalence of reduced renal function was greater in the eastern rural areas in Zhejiang province. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that metabolic diseases such as diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and hyperuricemia were independent risk factors of CKD. Patients with metabolic diseases had a significantly (P < 0.001) higher prevalence of CKD than those without such diseases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CKD has become a severe public health problem in Zhejiang Province, and metabolic diseases may increase the risk of CKD in Zhejiang population.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Lina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: Qun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Lingxia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ou-yang
authors.forename: Fangfang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Biao
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Jianyong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003 Hangzhou, P,R,China. chenjianghua@zju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jianghua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018570:Risk Assessment