title: Tissue accumulation and toxicity of isothiazolinone in Ctenopharyngodon idellus (grass carp): association with P-glycoprotein expression and location within tissues.
abstract: Isothiazolinone is widely used as a broad-spectrum fungicide in various industries, such as oil, paper, pesticide, dyes, tanning and cosmetics. There is an increasing concern over protection of the aquatic environment due to its large-scale use. The acute toxicity (LC50) of isothiazolinone in Ctenopharyngodon idellus was investigated. The residual time and accumulation in tissues, P-glycoprotein mRNA level and localization of P-glycoprotein in the liver and kidney were also analyzed. The LC50 (48 h) values of isothiazolinone to C. idellus were 0.53±0.17 mg/L and 0.41±0.08 mg/L at 15 °C and 25 °C, respectively. The LC50 values decreased as the temperature increased. The accumulation of isothiazolinone in livers and kidneys in the high temperature group (25 °C) was significantly greater than that of the low temperature group (15 °C). Prolonged tissue residual time of isothiazolinone was seen in all the groups. There were significant differences in P-glycoprotein mRNA expression between isothiazolinone-treated groups and control samples (P<0.05-0.01). Temperature affected accumulation and toxicity of isothiazolinone.
authors.affiliation: National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Hucheng Huan Road, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangdong Province, PR China.
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Hucheng Huan Road, Shanghai 201306, China.
authors.forename: Hao-Ran
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Hucheng Huan Road, Shanghai 201306, China.
authors.forename: Ren-Jian
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Ou
authors.affiliation: National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Hucheng Huan Road, Shanghai 201306, China.
authors.forename: Chun-Zeng
authors.initials: CZ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Hucheng Huan Road, Shanghai 201306, China. Electronic address: xlyang@shou.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xian-Le
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002347:Carps / Q000378:metabolism*; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000633:toxicity*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013844:Thiazoles; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Ctenopharyngodon idellus; Expression; Isothiazolinone; Location; P-glycoprotein; Toxicity