title: External skeletal fixation of fractures in cattle.
abstract: External skeletal fixation (ESF) is a versatile method for rigid immobilization of long bone fractures in cattle. Traditional ESF devices may be used in young calves for clinical management of open fractures. Transfixation pinning and casting is an adaptation of ESF principles to improve versatility and clinical management of selected fractures.
authors.affiliation: Elanco Animal Health, 2500 Innovation Way, Greenfield, IN 46140, USA.
authors.forename: Susan R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Vogel
authors.affiliation: Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, 2407 River Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA. Electronic address: David.anderson@utk.edu.
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D016267:External Fixators / Q000662:veterinary*; D005592:Fracture Fixation / Q000662:veterinary*; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014730:Veterinary Medicine / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods
keywords: Cattle; External fixator; Fracture; Pin cast