title: Enamel remineralization assessment after treatment with three different remineralizing agents using surface microhardness: An in vitro study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to evaluate the enamel remineralization after treatment with three different remineralizing agents using surface microhardness assessment.
  
  
  METHODS
  This in vitro study involves 50 enamel samples divided into five groups of 10 samples each. The positive control group consisted of intact enamel and a negative control group consisted of demineralized enamel samples. All groups excluding the positive control group were subjected to demineralization following which three of these groups were remineralized using remineralizing agents (casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate [CPP-ACP] [GC tooth mousse], casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate with fluoride [CPP-ACPF] [GC tooth mousse plus], sodium fluoride [phos-flur]). The groups treated with remineralizing agents were subjected to pH cycling over a period of 28 days. This was followed with assessment of surface microhardness (Micro Vickers Hardness tester, Matsuzawa Co., Ltd, Toshima, Japan).
  
  
  METHODS
  One-way analysis of variance test and posthoc Tukey test were conducted for multiple group comparison.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was an improved enamel remineralization in the group, remineralized using CPP-ACPF in comparison with the other groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Casein phosphopeptide with fluoride is a promising material for remineralization of enamel subsurface lesions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, A.B. Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Shishir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shetty
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, A.B. Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Mithra N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Hegde
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, A.B. Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Thimmaiah P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Bopanna
keywords: Casein phosphopeptide; pH cycling; surface microhardness