title: An ethyl acetate fraction of Moringa oleifera Lam. Inhibits human macrophage cytokine production induced by cigarette smoke.
abstract: Moringa oleifera Lam. (MO) has been reported to harbor anti-oxidation and anti-inflammatory activity and useful in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. However, despite these findings there has been little work done on the effects of MO on immune cellular function. Since macrophages, TNF and related cytokines play an important pathophysiologic role in lung damage induced by cigarette smoke, we examined the effects of MO on cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced cytokine production by human macrophages. An ethyl acetate fraction of MO (MOEF) was prepared from fresh leaves extract of Moringa and shown to consist of high levels of phenolic and antioxidant activities. Human monocyte derived macrophages (MDM) pre-treated with varying concentrations of MOEF showed decreased production of TNF, IL-6 and IL-8 in response to both LPS and CSE. The decrease was evident at both cytokine protein and mRNA levels. Furthermore, the extract inhibited the expression of RelA, a gene implicated in the NF-κB p65 signaling in inflammation. The findings highlight the ability of MOEF to inhibit cytokines (IL-8) which promote the infiltration of neutrophils into the lungs and others (TNF, IL-6) which mediate tissue disease and damage.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand. naughty_not@mail.com.
authors.forename: Nateelak
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kooltheat
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand. rungnapapa@nu.ac.th.
authors.forename: Rungnapa Pankla
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Sranujit
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand. pilaiparkc@nu.ac.th.
authors.forename: Pilaipark
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chumark
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand. pachuenp@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Pachuen
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Potup
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science, Faculty of Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75105, Sweden. nongnit.laytragoon-lewin@onkologi.uu.se.
authors.forename: Nongnit
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Laytragoon-Lewin
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand. ajkarn_9@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Kanchana
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Usuwanthim
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000737:chemistry; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism*; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000009:adverse effects; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D029588:Moringa oleifera / Q000737:chemistry*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D053147:Plant Exudates / Q000494:pharmacology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D012906:Smoke / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000009:adverse effects; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D053147:Plant Exudates; D012906:Smoke; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C007650:ethyl acetate