title: Reductions in systolic blood pressure with liraglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes: insights from a patient-level pooled analysis of six randomized clinical trials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To quantify the effect of liraglutide on systolic blood pressure (SBP) and pulse in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), and assess the influence of covariates on observed SBP reductions.
  
  
  METHODS
  A patient-level pooled analysis of six phase 3, randomized trials was conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The analysis included 2792 randomized patients. In the intention-to-treat population (n=2783), mean [±SE] SBP reductions from baseline with liraglutide 1.2 mg (2.7 [0.8] mmHg) and 1.8 mg (2.9 [0.7] mmHg) once daily were significantly greater than with placebo (0.5 [0.9] mmHg; P=0.0029 and P=0.0004, respectively) after 26 weeks, and were evident after 2 weeks. Liraglutide was also associated with significantly greater SBP reductions than glimepiride and, at a dose of 1.8 mg, insulin glargine and rosiglitazone. SBP reductions with liraglutide weakly correlated with weight loss (Pearson's correlation coefficient: 0.08-0.12; P≤0.0148). No dependence of these reductions on concomitant antihypertensive medications was detected (P=0.1304). Liraglutide 1.2 and 1.8 mg were associated with mean increases in pulse of 3 beats per minute (bpm), versus a 1 bpm increase with placebo (P<0.0001 for each dose versus placebo).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Liraglutide reduces SBP in patients with T2D, including those receiving concomitant antihypertensive medication.
authors.affiliation: Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA. Electronic address: vfonseca@tulane.edu.
authors.forename: Vivian A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Fonseca
authors.affiliation: Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands.
authors.forename: J Hans
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Devries
authors.affiliation: University of California San Diego and VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Robert R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Henry
authors.affiliation: Novo Nordisk A/S, Soeborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Morten
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Donsmark
authors.affiliation: Novo Nordisk A/S, Aalborg Øst, Denmark.
authors.forename: Henrik F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Thomsen
authors.affiliation: Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Plutzky
mesh_terms: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000069450:Liraglutide; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013599:Systole / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; C057619:glimepiride; D000069450:Liraglutide; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1
keywords: Blood pressure; Hypertension; Liraglutide; Type 2 diabetes