title: Prophylactic antibiotics and wound infection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Surgical site infections account for 14%-25% of all nosocomial infections. The main aims of this study were to audit the use of prophylactic antibiotic, to quantify the rate of post-operative wound infection, and to identify risk factors for its occurrence in general surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was conducted in the General Surgery Department in Khartoum Teaching Hospital- Sudan. All Adult patients (age ≥18 years) admitted during March 1(st) to 31(st) October 2010 were recruited. Multivariable logistic analysis was done to identify wound infection risk factors. Prescriptions were audited against predetermined criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 540 patients were recruited; (females73.7% of total ). The performed surgical procedures were 547. The rate of wound infection was 10.9%. Multivariable logistic analysis showed that; ASA score ≥ 3; (p= <0.001), wound class (p= 0.001), and laparoscopic surgical technique; (p= 0.002) were significantly associated with prevalence of wound infection. Surgical prophylaxis was unnecessarily given to 311 (97.5%) of 319 patients for whom it was not recommended. Prophylaxis was recommended for 221 patients; of them 218 (98.6 %) were given preoperative dose in the operating rooms. Evaluation of prescriptions for those patients showed that; spectrum of antibiotic was adequate for 160 (73.4%) patients, 143 (65.6%) were given accurate doses, only 4 (1.8%) had the first preoperative dose/s in proper time window, and for 186 (85.3%) of them prophylaxis was extended post-operatively. Only 36 (6.7%) prescriptions were found to be complying with the stated criteria.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The rate of wound infection was high and prophylactic antibiotics were irrationally used. Multiple interventions are needed to correct the situation.
authors.affiliation: Faculty, Pharmacy Practice Research Unit (PPRU), College of Pharmacy, Taif University, KSA.
authors.forename: Abubaker Ibrahim
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Elbur
authors.affiliation: Professor, Pharmacy Practice Research Unit (PPRU), College of Pharmacy, Taif University, KSA.
authors.forename: Yousif
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: M A
authors.affiliation: Faculty, Alshaab Teaching Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan.
authors.forename: Ahmed S A
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: El-Sayed
authors.affiliation: Faculty, Department of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematical Sciences, University of Khartoum, Sudan.
authors.forename: Manar E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Abdel-Rahman
keywords: Prophylactic antibiotics; Sudan; Wound infection