title: Lifelong physical exercise delays age-associated skeletal muscle decline.
abstract: Aging is usually accompanied by a significant reduction in muscle mass and force. To determine the relative contribution of inactivity and aging per se to this decay, we compared muscle function and structure in (a) male participants belonging to a group of well-trained seniors (average of 70 years) who exercised regularly in their previous 30 years and (b) age-matched healthy sedentary seniors with (c) active young men (average of 27 years). The results collected show that relative to their sedentary cohorts, muscle from senior sportsmen have: (a) greater maximal isometric force and function, (b) better preserved fiber morphology and ultrastructure of intracellular organelles involved in Ca(2+) handling and ATP production, (c) preserved muscle fibers size resulting from fiber rescue by reinnervation, and (d) lowered expression of genes related to autophagy and reactive oxygen species detoxification. All together, our results indicate that: (a) skeletal muscle of senior sportsmen is actually more similar to that of adults than to that of age-matched sedentaries and (b) signaling pathways controlling muscle mass and metabolism are differently modulated in senior sportsmen to guarantee maintenance of skeletal muscle structure, function, bioenergetic characteristics, and phenotype. Thus, regular physical activity is a good strategy to attenuate age-related general decay of muscle structure and function (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01679977).
authors.affiliation: Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Electrical Stimulation and Physical Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria. Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy. sanzamp@unipd.it.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zampieri
authors.affiliation: CeSI - Center for Research on Aging - Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pietrangelo
authors.affiliation: Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Electrical Stimulation and Physical Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Loefler
authors.affiliation: Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Electrical Stimulation and Physical Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fruhmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Wilhelminenspital, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vogelauer
authors.affiliation: Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Electrical Stimulation and Physical Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Burggraf
authors.affiliation: Anatomy Department, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pond
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Wilhelminenspital, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grim-Stieger
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cvecka
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sedliak
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tirpáková
authors.affiliation: Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mayr
authors.affiliation: University of Primorska, Science and Research Centre, Institute for Kinesilogical Research, Koper, Slovenia.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sarabon
authors.affiliation: Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Electrical Stimulation and Physical Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria. Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rossini
authors.affiliation: Institute Pasteur Cenci-Bolognetti, DAHFMO-Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, IIM, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Barberi
authors.affiliation: Institute Pasteur Cenci-Bolognetti, DAHFMO-Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, IIM, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Rossi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy. Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Romanello
authors.affiliation: CeSI - Center for Research on Aging - Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Boncompagni
authors.affiliation: Institute Pasteur Cenci-Bolognetti, DAHFMO-Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, IIM, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Musarò
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy. Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sandri
authors.affiliation: CeSI - Center for Research on Aging - Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Protasi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Carraro
authors.affiliation: Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Electrical Stimulation and Physical Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Wilhelminenspital, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kern
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005080:Exercise Test; D006801:Humans; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000235:genetics; D007537:Isometric Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D008931:Mitochondria, Muscle / Q000378:metabolism; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D009133:Muscular Atrophy / Q000473:pathology; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D000071248:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000235:genetics; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D051780:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D050986:YY1 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C090121:BNIP3 protein, human; C546087:MIRN206 microRNA, human; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D035683:MicroRNAs; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2; C495635:NFE2L2 protein, human; C118585:P62 protein, human; C486497:PPARGC1A protein, human; D000071248:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; C497387:SREBF1 protein, human; D051780:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1; D014157:Transcription Factors; D050986:YY1 Transcription Factor; C494698:YY1 protein, human; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D002118:Calcium
keywords: Calcium release unit; Force; Human skeletal muscle; Physical exercise; Signaling pathways.