title: Diagnostic imaging in bovine orthopedics.
abstract: Although a radiographic unit is not standard equipment for bovine practitioners in hospital or field situations, ultrasound machines with 7.5-MHz linear transducers have been used in bovine reproduction for many years, and are eminently suitable for evaluation of orthopedic disorders. The goal of this article is to encourage veterinarians to use radiology and ultrasonography for the evaluation of bovine orthopedic disorders. These diagnostic imaging techniques improve the likelihood of a definitive diagnosis in every bovine patient but especially in highly valuable cattle, whose owners demand increasingly more diagnostic and surgical interventions that require high-level specialized techniques.
authors.affiliation: Department of Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Clinic for Ruminants, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria. Electronic address: Johann.Kofler@vetmeduni.ac.at.
authors.forename: Johann
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kofler
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 124, CH-3001 Berne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Urs
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Geissbühler
authors.affiliation: Clinical Radiology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Farm Animal Clinic, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 124, CH-3001 Berne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Steiner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000662:veterinary*; D009985:Orthopedics / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D011859:Radiography; D014463:Ultrasonography
keywords: Cattle; Computed tomography; Magnetic resonance imaging; Musculoskeletal disorders; Radiology; Ultrasonography