title: Association of dietary fatty acids intake with pro-coagulation and inflammation in Saudi Adults.
abstract: The aim of the study was to understand whether dietary fatty acids such as saturated, polyunsaturated, and monounsaturated fatty acids act as inflammatory mediators or influence pro-coagulation in Saudi adults. The study sought to examine inflammatory factors such as C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and activated plasminogen activator inhibitor 1. A total number of 232 consenting Saudi adults, aged 18-60 years were randomly selected in this cross-sectional study. Independent Student t-test was done to compare means of normally distributed data. Spearman correlation between the variables was determined. The values of different fatty acids and adipokines were transformed logarithmically/square root to normalize data before correlations were determined and statistical analyses performed. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. The results show a significant positive correlation of dietary intake of poly and monounsaturated fatty acids, but not saturated fatty acids, with activated plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (r=0.31, p=0.02, r=0.32 p=0.04). On the other hand, dietary intake of saturated fatty acids showed a negative correlation with serum C-reactive protein levels (p=0.001) in males. Dietary unsaturated fatty acids is possibly associated with the production of a pro-coagulation factor without enhancing the secretion of pro-inflammatory molecules, while saturated fatty acids have no effect on activated plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, but their level is negatively associated with the inflammatory factor C-reactive protein. We conclude that dietary intake may exert a gender-specific effect in inflammatory processes among adults. Further studies are warranted to confirm present findings.
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King, Saud University, PO Box, 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. aldaghri2011@gmail.com; ndaghri@ksu.edu.sa.
authors.forename: Omar S
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Al-Attas
authors.forename: Nasser M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Al-Daghri
authors.forename: Majed S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Alokail
authors.forename: Khalid M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Alkharfy
authors.forename: Nasiruddin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Hanan A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Alfawaz
authors.forename: Ibrahim A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Aiswaidan
authors.forename: Abdulrahman S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Al-Ajlan
authors.forename: George P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Chrousos
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D003029:Coagulants; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000097:blood; D012529:Saudi Arabia; D012737:Sex Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D003029:Coagulants; D004041:Dietary Fats; D005227:Fatty Acids; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002097:C-Reactive Protein