title: Monitoring nanoparticle-mediated cellular hyperthermia with a high-sensitivity biosensor.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop and apply a heat-responsive and secreted reporter assay for comparing cellular response to nanoparticle (NP)- and macroscopic-mediated sublethal hyperthermia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Reporter cells were heated by water bath (macroscopic heating) or iron oxide NPs activated by alternating magnetic fields (nanoscopic heating). Cellular responses to these thermal stresses were measured in the conditioned media by secreted luciferase assay.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reporter activity was responsive to macroscopic and nanoparticle heating and activity correlated with measured macroscopic thermal dose. Significant cellular responses were observed with NP heating under doses that were insufficient to measurably change the temperature of the system. Under these conditions, the reporter response correlated with proximity to cells loaded with heated nanoparticles. These results suggest that NP and macroscopic hyperthermia may be distinctive under conditions of mild hyperthermia.
authors.affiliation: The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute & Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Amarnath
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mukherjee
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Castanares
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hedayati
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wabler
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Trock
authors.forename: Prakash
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kulkarni
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Getzenberg
authors.forename: Theodore L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: DeWeese
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ivkov
authors.forename: Shawn E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Lupold
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004867:Equipment Design; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D006361:Heating; D006801:Humans; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D008156:Luciferases / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D008163:Luminescent Measurements / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D060526:Magnetic Fields; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D005290:Ferric Compounds; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; C000499:ferric oxide; D008156:Luciferases
keywords: Metridia luciferase; heat shock; hyperthermia; iron oxide nanoparticle; nanoparticle