title: Congenital renal arteriovenous malformation presenting with gross hematuria after a routine jog: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Congenital renal arteriovenous malformations are abnormal communications between the intrarenal venous and arterial systems. An unusual cause of massive gross hematuria and an even rarer cause of hemodynamically significant anemia, its presentation remains variable from incidental imaging findings to severe hypertension and congestive heart failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present a case of a 44-year-old Chinese man with no personal or familial history of bleeding diasthesis that presented with gross hematuria leading to clot retention after routine physical activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have presented this case in an effort to highlight the possibility of this entity as a cause of acute upper urinary tract hemorrhage and the need for a computed tomography angiogram to clinch the diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore 169608, Singapore. erinleslee@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Erin L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Dames
authors.forename: Lay Guat
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: Kiang Hiong
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Tay