title: Embryonic cerebrospinal fluid nanovesicles carry evolutionarily conserved molecules and promote neural stem cell amplification.
abstract: During brain development, neural stem cells (NSCs) receive on-or-off signals important for regulating their amplification and reaching adequate neuron density. However, how a coordinated regulation of intracellular pathways and genetic programs is achieved has remained elusive. Here, we found that the embryonic (e) CSF contains 10¹² nanoparticles/ml (77 nm diameter), some of which were identified as exosome nanovesicles that contain evolutionarily conserved molecules important for coordinating intracellular pathways. eCSF nanovesicles collected from rodent and human embryos encapsulate protein and microRNA components of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling pathway. Supplementation of eCSF nanovesicles to a mixed culture containing eNSCs activated the IGF-mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway in eNSCs and expanded the pool of proliferative eNSCs. These data show that the eCSF serves as a medium for the distribution of nanovesicles, including exosomes, and the coordinated transfer of evolutionary conserved molecules that regulate eNSC amplification during corticogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neurosurgery, and Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America.
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Feliciano
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neurosurgery, and Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America.
authors.forename: Shiliang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neurosurgery, and Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America.
authors.forename: Carole M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Nasrallah
authors.affiliation: Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Steven N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Lisgo
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neurosurgery, and Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America.
authors.forename: Angélique
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bordey
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002555:Cerebrospinal Fluid / Q000166:cytology*; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000166:cytology*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D055354:Exosomes / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000076222:Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1; D051379:Mice; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes / Q000378:metabolism; D053758:Nanoparticles; D058953:Neural Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013002:Somatomedins / Q000378:metabolism; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes; D013002:Somatomedins; D000076222:Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases