title: Metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease in a Southern Chinese population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the relationship between metabolic syndrome (MS) and risk for chronic kidney disease (CKD) in a Southern Chinese population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was conducted in 1724 community-based Southern Chinese participants from June to October 2012. The prevalence of MS (as defined by the International Diabetes Federation) and CKD (defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate of <60 mL/min per 1.73 m(2) and/or albuminuria) was determined. The association between MS and CKD was then analyzed using STATA software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Metabolic syndrome was significantly associated with CKD (P < 0.001) in the unadjusted analyses as well as after adjustment for potential confounders. The unadjusted odds ratio and adjusted odds ratio for MS were 3.53 (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.62 to 4.75, P < 0.001) and 2.52 (95% CI 1.84 to 3.54, P < 0.001). When further adjusted for diabetes and hypertension, the association of MS and CKD was significant (odds ratio (OR) 1.63, 95% CI 1.15 to 2.32, P = 0.006). After adjustment for potential confounders, three components and four/five components were associated with CKD. The OR for three components and four/five components were 2.90 (95% CI 1.70 to 4.96, P < 0.001) and 3.64(95% CI 1.95 to 6.80, P < 0.001), when compared with those without components. High blood pressure, high serum triglyceride level, elevated fasting glucose level and central obesity were associated with CKD (P < 0.05). The odds ratios for elevated blood pressure, elevated serum triglyceride levels, elevated fasting glucose and central obesity were 1.80 (95% CI 1.25 to 2.62, P = 0.002), 1.56 (95% CI 1.14 to 2.14, P = 0.006), 2.54 (95% CI 1.82 to 3.57, P < 0.001), and 1.50 (95% CI 1.10 to 2.07, P = 0.01), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that MS is associated with CKD in Southern Chinese population, which may provide important information for the overall control of these diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephronology, Institute of Nephronology and Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yongqiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Youming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Xinyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Xiaofei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Honglei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xiaohong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Kangping
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Harry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Holthöfer
authors.forename: Hongmei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Hequn
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zou
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000208:ethnology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000208:ethnology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Southern Chinese population; chronic kidney disease; metabolic syndrome