title: Wheel-gymnastic-related injuries and overuse syndromes of amateurs and professionals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Wheel gymnastics is a gymnastic discipline with a history of nearly 100 years. So far, there have been no epidemiological studies on injuries in wheel gymnastics.
  
  
  METHODS
  The retrospective study of wheel gymnasts surveyed 151 "professionals" competing in the first national league and 352 "amateurs" by questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  4,898 injuries and 714 overuse syndromes were found in 988,718.9 h of training, leading to a time loss of 16,302 days. An incidence of 9.44 injuries per 1,000 h was found in wheel gymnastics. "Professionals" had a highly significant lower incidence than "amateurs" (5.23 vs. 11.24 injuries per 1,000 h; p < 0.001). The most common injuries in wheel gymnastics were found at the head (28.1 %), spine (13.75 %), ankle/foot (11.88 %), hip/thigh (11.87 %) and knee (11.61 %). 4,502 (91.9 %) injuries were classified as minor. 221 (4.5 %) injuries caused a time loss of between 1 week and 1 month. 175 (3.6 %) major injuries caused a time loss of longer than 1 month. 1.68 overuse syndromes per 1,000 h were described.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Wheel gymnastics has a high incidence but low severity of injuries compared with other gymnastic sports. Physicians should be aware of the common dangers and overuse syndromes in this highly acrobatic gymnastic discipline.
  
  
  METHODS
  III.
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma Surgery, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147, Essen, Germany. maxdaniel.kauther@uk-essen.de.
authors.forename: Max Daniel
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Kauther
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma Surgery, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147, Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rummel
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma Surgery, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147, Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: Bjoern
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hussmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma Surgery, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147, Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lendemans
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wedemeyer
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma Surgery, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147, Essen, Germany.|Department of Orthopedics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: Marcus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jaeger
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D012090:Cumulative Trauma Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006173:Gymnastics / Q000293:injuries*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D011482:Protective Devices / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D019876:Sports Equipment; D055815:Young Adult