title: Mode of action and clinical studies with fumarates in multiple sclerosis.
abstract: Multiple sclerosis (MS) as a chronic neuro-inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system is frequently associated with severe disability and impairment in quality of life. Early disease-modifying treatment options have mainly focused on inflammatory aspects of the disease. Recently, the neurodegenerative features have received more attention in experimental models, paraclinical assessments and the evaluation of drug effects. Fumaric acid esters (FAEs) as orally available immunomodulatory and neuroprotective compounds have thus advanced to a highly interesting MS treatment option. Here, we will review the pharmaceutical history of FAEs, their immunomodulatory and putative neuroprotective mechanisms of action and clinical trial data in relapsing MS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany.
authors.forename: Anke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salmen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany. Electronic address: ralf.gold@rub.de.
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gold
mesh_terms: D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D005650:Fumarates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D005650:Fumarates; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents
keywords: DMF; Dimethyl fumarate; Immunomodulation; Neuroprotection; RRMS