title: Protective effects of SnF2 - Part I. Mineral solubilisation studies on powdered apatite.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the ability of two active ingredients - sodium fluoride (NaF) and stannous fluoride (SnF2 ) - to inhibit hydroxyapatite (HAP) dissolution in buffered acidic media.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two in vitro studies were conducted. HAP powder, which is representative of tooth mineral, was pretreated with: test solutions of NaF or SnF2 , 10 g solution per 300 mg HAP powder (Study 1); or NaF or SnF2 dentifrice slurry supernatants, 20 g supernate per 200 mg HAP powder for 1 minute followed by three washes with water, then dried (Study 2). About 50 mg of pretreated HAP was exposed to 25 ml of acid dissolution media adjusted to and maintained at pH 4.5 in a Metrohn Titrino reaction cell. Exposure of HAP to the media results in dissolution and release of hydroxide ion, increasing the pH of the solution. The increase in pH is compensated for by automatic additions of acid to maintain the original pH (4.5) of the reaction cell. Total volume of titrant added after 30 minutes was used to calculate the percentage reduction in dissolution versus non-treated HAP control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both F sources provided protection against acid dissolution; however, in each study, SnF2 -treated HAP was significantly more acid-resistant than the NaF treated mineral. In study 1, at 280 ppm F, representing concentrations of F found in the mouth after in vivo dentifrice use, the reduction in HAP dissolution was 47.7% for NaF and 75.7% for the SnF2 -treated apatite (extrapolated). In study 2, the reduction in HAP dissolution was 61.3% for NaF and 92.8% for SnF2 -treated samples. Differences in percentage reduction were statistically significant (Paired-t test).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results of these studies demonstrate that both of the fluoride sources tested enhance the acid resistance of tooth mineral and that resistance is significantly greater after treatment with SnF2 compared with treatment of tooth mineral with NaF.
authors.affiliation: The Procter & Gamble Company, Mason, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Arif A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Baig
authors.forename: Robert V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Faller
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Nelson
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lawless
authors.forename: Sandra L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Eversole
mesh_terms: D002021:Buffers; D003802:Dentifrices / Q000737:chemistry; D003890:Desiccation; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D006878:Hydroxides / Q000737:chemistry; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D008422:Materials Testing; D010710:Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D012824:Silicic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000737:chemistry; D012995:Solubility; D013997:Time Factors; D014002:Tin Fluorides / Q000737:chemistry*; D017186:Titrimetry; D014100:Toothpastes / Q000737:chemistry; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D002021:Buffers; C510825:Crest Pro-Health Dentifrice; D003802:Dentifrices; D006878:Hydroxides; D010710:Phosphates; D020011:Protective Agents; D014002:Tin Fluorides; D014100:Toothpastes; C546060:hydrated silica gel-based toothpaste; D014867:Water; D012824:Silicic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; D012969:Sodium Fluoride; C031356:hydroxide ion; D017886:Durapatite
keywords: Erosion; fluoride; stannous fluoride; toothpaste; toothwear