title: The sino-nasal outcome test (SNOT)-22: validation for Greek patients.
abstract: The aim of this study was to perform translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and validation of the sinonasal outcome test 22 (SNOT-22) in the Greek language. SNOT-22 was translated into Greek. A prospective study was conducted on adult patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) according to rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps (EPOS) criteria. Test-retest evaluation of the patients was carried out. Internal consistency was assessed with Cronbach's alpha test, and test-retest reliability with Pearson's test (parametric correlation coefficient), kappa (reproducibility) and Bland-Altman plot (extent of agreement). Validity was assessed by comparing scores between a control group of volunteers without CRS and the CRS group using Mann-Whitney test. Responsiveness was assessed on CRS patients who underwent surgery, by comparing preoperative to 3 months postoperative scores with paired t test. Furthermore the magnitude of surgery effect was evaluated. Test-retest evaluation was accepted in 64 patients. Cronbach's alpha was 0.84 and 0.89 at test and retest, respectively, suggesting good internal consistency. Pearson's correlation coefficient was 0.91 (p < 0.001), revealing good correlation between initial and retest scores. Mean kappa value was 0.65, indicating a high level of reproducibility, while in Bland-Altman plot the differences were located between agreement thresholds. The control group consisted of 120 volunteers. Mann-Whitney test showed a statistically significant lower score for the control group (p < 0.0001). 32 CRS patients underwent surgical treatment. Postoperative scores were significantly lower than preoperative (p < 0.0001) while the magnitude of surgery effect was considered high. Greek SNOT-22 is a valid instrument with good internal consistency, reliability, reproducibility, validity and responsiveness.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital of Larissa, Viopolis, PC, P.O. Box 1425, 41110, Larissa, Greece, vlachanas@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Vasileios A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Lachanas
authors.forename: Malamati
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsea
authors.forename: Stergiani
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsiouvaka
authors.forename: Jiannis K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Hajiioannou
authors.forename: Charalampos E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Skoulakis
authors.forename: John G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Bizakis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006115:Greece / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009017:Morbidity; D009298:Nasal Polyps / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014177:Translations; D055815:Young Adult