title: Effect of grape procyanidins on tumor angiogenesis in liver cancer xenograft models.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In recent years a wide variety of flavonoids or polyphenolic substances have been reported to possess substantial anti-carcinogenic and antimutagenic activities. Grape proanthocyanidins (GPC) are considered as good examples for which there is evidence of potential roles as anti-carcinogenic agents.
  
  
  METHODS
  A xenograft model was established using H22 cells subcutaneously injected into mice and used to assess different concentrations of grape proanthocyanidins (GPC) and Endostar. Treatments were maintained for 10 days, then levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and microvessel density (MVD) were examined by immunohistochemistry, while VEGF mRNA was determined by real-time PCR in tumor tissue.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The expression of MVD and VEGF decreased gradually as the concentration of GPC increased.There was a significant positive correlation between MVD and VEGF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that GPC restrains the growth of tumor, possibly by inhibiting tumour angiogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China E-mail : qdhsyu@126.com.
authors.forename: Li-Li
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Bing-Xia
authors.initials: BX
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jin-Yi
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: Li-Bin
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Hong-Sheng
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D044946:Biflavonoids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000098:blood supply / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D002392:Catechin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry*; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D044946:Biflavonoids; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C467480:vascular endothelial growth factor A, mouse; C017674:procyanidin; D002392:Catechin