title: Characterization and detection of Vero cells infected with Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 using Raman spectroscopy and advanced statistical methods.
abstract: Herpes viruses are involved in a variety of human disorders. Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 (HSV-1) is the most common among the herpes viruses and is primarily involved in human cutaneous disorders. Although the symptoms of infection by this virus are usually minimal, in some cases HSV-1 might cause serious infections in the eyes and the brain leading to blindness and even death. A drug, acyclovir, is available to counter this virus. The drug is most effective when used during the early stages of the infection, which makes early detection and identification of these viral infections highly important for successful treatment. In the present study we evaluated the potential of Raman spectroscopy as a sensitive, rapid, and reliable method for the detection and identification of HSV-1 viral infections in cell cultures. Using Raman spectroscopy followed by advanced statistical methods enabled us, with sensitivity approaching 100%, to differentiate between a control group of Vero cells and another group of Vero cells that had been infected with HSV-1. Cell sites that were "rich in membrane" gave the best results in the differentiation between the two categories. The major changes were observed in the 1195-1726 cm(-1) range of the Raman spectrum. The features in this range are attributed mainly to proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, SCE-Shamoon College of Engineering, Beer-Sheva 84100, Israel. Electronic address: ahmad@sce.ac.il.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salman
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, SCE-Shamoon College of Engineering, Beer-Sheva 84100, Israel.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shufan
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zeiri
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel. Electronic address: mahmoudh@bgu.ac.il.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Huleihel
mesh_terms: D000212:Acyclovir / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000821:virology; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D006801:Humans; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000379:methods*; D014709:Vero Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D000212:Acyclovir
keywords: HSV-1; Herpes viruses; Multivariate analysis; Raman spectroscopy