title: Increased incidence of adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy in children with renal transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies have found that pediatric solid organ transplant recipients suffer from adenotonsillar hyperplasia. However, as this condition is also common in normal children, it remains unclear whether the incidence is truly increased. The aim of this study was to compare the incidences of surgery on the adenoids and tonsils of normal children with those receiving renal transplants and to define risk factors in the transplant population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on 49 consecutive children from a single renal transplant unit were compared to data from a large governmental survey of healthy German children (KiGGS). For analysis of 'survival without operation', controls were matched for gender, region and immigration status (n = 8,650), as well as for age to compare incidence rates (n = 637).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The age-matched solid organ transplant recipients had a higher incidence of adenoidectomies [2.3-fold, [95 % confidence interval (CI) for relative risk 1.6-3.3) and a higher incidence of tonsillectomies/tonsillotomies (3.5-fold, 95 % CI 2.1-5.7). The normal peak of adenoidectomies was delayed by 2 years in the pre-school group, and transplanted teenagers showed an extra peak for both operations. Boys and those transplanted at a younger age were significantly more likely to need adenoidectomies. Ciclosporin levels, Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus infections did not influence the incidence of operations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children receiving renal transplants are at markedly increased risk of adenotonsillar hyperplasia requiring surgery, especially males and young recipients.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Mathildenstr. 1, 79106, Freiburg, Germany, Charlotte.Gimpel@uniklinik-freiburg.de.
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gimpel
authors.forename: Annika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Heinrich
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fehrenbach
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pfeiffer
authors.forename: Przemyslaw
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pisarski
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pohl
mesh_terms: D000233:Adenoidectomy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D010608:Pharyngeal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D014068:Tonsillectomy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents