title: Binary Combination of Carica papaya, Areca catechu and Myristica fragrans with Piperonyl Butoxide / MGK-264 against Freshwater Snail Lymnaea acuminata.
abstract: Piperonyl butoxide (PB) and MGK-264 were used to enhance the toxicity of the active components papain, arecoline and myristicin from the plants Carica papaya, Areca catechu and Myristica fragrans, respectively, against the vector snail Lymnaea acuminata. A time- and dose-dependent relationship was observed for the toxicity of these combinations. The toxic effects of these plant-derived molluscicides in combination with the synergists PB and MGK-264 were several times higher than the effect of the individual treatments. The highest degree of synergism was observed when MGK-264 was used in combination with C. papaya latex (10.47-fold increase) and PB was used with papain (8.35-fold increase).
authors.affiliation: Malacology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur 273009, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Farhat
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hanif
authors.affiliation: Malacology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur 273009, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Dinesh Kumar
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Singh
keywords: Fascioliasis; Lymnaea acuminata; MGK-264; Piperonyl Butoxide; Plant Molluscicide