title: A classification model of patient engagement methods and assessment of their feasibility in real-world settings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Examine existing reviews of patient engagement methods to propose a model where the focus is on engaging patients in clinical workflows, and to assess the feasibility of advocated patient engagement methods.
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature search of reviews of patient engagement methods was conducted. Included reviews were peer-reviewed, written in English, and focused on methods that targeted patients or patient-provider dyads. Methods were categorized to propose a conceptual model. The feasibility of methods was assessed using an adapted rating system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed that we could categorize patient engagement methods based on information provision, patient activation, and patient-provider collaboration. Methods could be divided by high and low feasibility, predicated on the extent of extra work required by the patient or clinical system. Methods that have good fit with existing workflows and that require proportional amounts of work by patients are likely to be the most feasible.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Implementation of patient engagement methods is likely to depend on finding a "sweet-spot" where demands required by patients generate improved knowledge and motivate active participation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Attention should be given to those interventions and methods that advocate feasibility with patients, providers, and organizational workflows.
authors.affiliation: The Dartmouth Center for Health Care Delivery Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, USA.
authors.forename: Stuart W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Grande
authors.affiliation: Scientific Institute for Quality of Healthcare, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marjan J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Faber
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of Hertfordshire, UK.
authors.forename: Marie-Anne
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Durand
authors.affiliation: The Dartmouth Center for Health Care Delivery Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, USA.
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.affiliation: The Dartmouth Center for Health Care Delivery Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, USA; The Cochrane Institute for Primary Care and Public Health, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, USA. Electronic address: glynelwyn@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Glyn
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Elwyn
mesh_terms: D003142:Communication; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006801:Humans; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D010358:Patient Participation; D011369:Professional-Patient Relations; D012017:Referral and Consultation / Q000458:organization & administration
keywords: Clinical encounter; Methods; Patient engagement; Patient–provider communication; Review