title: Implant site development in the distal region of the mandible: bone formation and its stability over time.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to determine the dimensional changes that occur in the alveolar ridge of patients upon distalization of the mandibular first premolars into the place of congenitally missing mandibular second premolars. The amount of bone formation that accompanied orthodontic treatment and the long-term stability of the new bone were assessed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-five patients were included in the study, representing 71 congenitally missing mandibular second premolars. The dimensional changes were evaluated by comparing the dental stone casts and panoramic radiographs taken at treatment initiation (T1) and end (T2) and at follow-ups of 2 years (T3A) and 5 years (T3B).
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the treatment period (T1-T2), the alveolar ridge width increased by an average of 28.5%, and the height increased by an average of 1.1 mm. During the retention periods (T2-T3A, T2-T3B), the alveolar ridge decreased by an average of 4.2%, but the height decreased only slightly (by an average of 0.07 mm).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Orthodontic tooth movement created a significant amount of new bone that was stable in both the horizontal and vertical directions.
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate student, Department of Orthodontics, University of Palacký, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Eliášová
authors.affiliation: Assistant professor, Department of Orthodontics, University of Palacký, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Ivo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Marek
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Orthodontics, University of Palacký, Olomouc, Czech Republic. Electronic address: kaminek@tunw.upol.cz.
authors.forename: Milan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kamínek
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D000848:Anodontia / Q000628:therapy; D001641:Bicuspid / Q000002:abnormalities; D016723:Bone Remodeling / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D015921:Dental Implants; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007576:Jaw, Edentulous, Partially / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D003765:Models, Dental; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants