title: Simultaneous bactericidal and osteogenic effect of nanoparticulate calcium phosphate powders loaded with clindamycin on osteoblasts infected with Staphylococcus aureus.
abstract: Staphylococcus aureus internalized by bone cells and shielded from the immune system provides a reservoir of bacteria in recurring osteomyelitis. Its targeting by the antibiotic therapy may thus be more relevant for treating chronic bone infection than eliminating only the pathogens colonizing the bone matrix. Assessed was the combined osteogenic and antibacterial effect of clindamycin-loaded calcium phosphate nanoparticles of different monophasic compositions on co-cultures comprising osteoblasts infected with S. aureus. Antibiotic-carrying particles were internalized by osteoblasts and minimized the concentration of intracellular bacteria. In vitro treatments of the infected cells, however, could not prevent cell necrosis due to the formation of toxic byproducts of the degradation of the bacterium. Antibiotic-loaded particles had a positive morphological effect on osteoblasts per se, without reducing their viability, alongside stimulating the upregulation of expression of different bone growth markers in infected osteoblasts to a higher degree than achieved during the treatment with antibiotic only.
authors.affiliation: Therapeutic Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, USA. Electronic address: vuk21@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Vuk
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Uskoković
authors.affiliation: Therapeutic Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Tejal A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Desai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry*; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002981:Clindamycin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000187:drug effects; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry; D051379:Mice; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000382:microbiology*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D004337:Drug Carriers; D002981:Clindamycin; C020243:calcium phosphate; C007084:clindamycin phosphate
keywords: Calcium phosphate; Controlled drug delivery; Nanoparticles; Osteogenesis; Osteomyelitis; Staphylococcus aureus