title: Size-dependent surface phase change of lithium iron phosphate during carbon coating.
abstract: Carbon coating is a simple, effective and common technique for improving the conductivity of active materials in lithium ion batteries. However, carbon coating provides a strong reducing atmosphere and many factors remain unclear concerning the interface nature and underlying interaction mechanism that occurs between carbon and the active materials. Here, we present a size-dependent surface phase change occurring in lithium iron phosphate during the carbon coating process. Intriguingly, nanoscale particles exhibit an extremely high stability during the carbon coating process, whereas microscale particles display a direct visualization of surface phase changes occurring at the interface at elevated temperatures. Our findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the effect of particle size during carbon coating and the interface interaction that occurs on carbon-coated battery material--allowing for further improvement in materials synthesis and manufacturing processes for advanced battery materials.
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B9 [2] Photon Sciences Directorate, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Building 744, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
authors.forename: Jiajun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B9.
authors.forename: Jinli
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B9 [2] Department of Chemistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7.
authors.forename: Yongji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B9.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B9.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Clariant (Canada), 280 ave. Liberté, Candiac, Québec, Canada J5R 6X1.
authors.forename: Guoxian
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Clariant (Canada), 280 ave. Liberté, Candiac, Québec, Canada J5R 6X1.
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gauthier
authors.affiliation: Photon Sciences Directorate, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Building 744, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
authors.forename: Yu-chen Karen
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chen-Wiegart
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B9.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Norouzi Banis
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B9.
authors.forename: Xifei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B9.
authors.forename: Ruying
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Photon Sciences Directorate, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Building 744, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7.
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Sham
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B9.
authors.forename: Xueliang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun