title: Experiencing core symptoms of anxiety and unipolar mood disorders in late adolescence predicts disorder onset in early adulthood.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Identification of youth at risk for anxiety and unipolar mood disorders (UMDs) can improve public health by targeting those who may warrant early or preventive intervention. This study examined whether endorsing core features of anxiety and UMDs predicted onset of later anxiety and UMDs across the next 7-9 years, and whether having subthreshold or subclinical manifestations of these disorders similarly predicted onset.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from this study come from the Youth Emotion Project (YEP), a two-site investigation of common and specific risk factors for emotional disorders. Endorsement of core features of a disorder and subclinical or subthreshold anxiety and UMD diagnoses were determined using data from the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID) at the baseline assessment. Participants completed annual SCIDs over the course of the next 7-9 years (depending on cohort).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Endorsement of panic attacks, obsessions and/or compulsions, and depression and/or anhedonia predicted onset of panic disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, and major depressive disorder, respectively. When including all anxiety disorders in a model, only the presence of panic attacks uniquely predicted anxiety disorder onset. The presence of subclinical or subthreshold panic disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, and social phobia at baseline predicted the full onset of these disorders over the follow-up period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Experiencing some symptoms of anxiety and UMDs in the absence of meeting diagnostic criteria is indicative of risk for later onsets of clinically significant DSM manifestations of these disorders. These individuals should be identified and targeted for prevention programs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles.
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wolitzky-Taylor
authors.forename: Halina
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dour
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zinbarg
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mineka
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vrshek-Schallhorn
authors.forename: Alyssa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Epstein
authors.forename: Lyuba
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bobova
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Griffith
authors.forename: Allison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Waters
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nazarian
authors.forename: Raphael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.forename: Michelle G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Craske
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001526:Behavioral Symptoms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002641:Chicago / Q000453:epidemiology; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D062706:Prodromal Symptoms; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: GAD/generalized anxiety disorder; OCD/obsessive compulsive disorder; anxiety/anxiety disorders; depression; measurement/psychometrics; panic attacks/agoraphobia