title: Response of human skin to esthetic scarification.
abstract: This study was undertaken to investigate changes in RNA expression in previously healthy adult human skin following thermal injury induced by contact with hot metal that was undertaken as part of esthetic scarification, a body modification practice. Subjects were recruited to have pre-injury skin and serial wound biopsies performed. 4 mm punch biopsies were taken prior to branding and 1 h, 1 week, and 1, 2 and 3 months after injury. RNA was extracted and quality assured prior to the use of a whole-genome based bead array platform to describe expression changes in the samples using the pre-injury skin as a comparator. Analysis of the array data was performed using k-means clustering and a hypergeometric probability distribution without replacement and corrections for multiple comparisons were done. Confirmatory q-PCR was performed. Using a k of 10, several clusters of genes were shown to co-cluster together based on Gene Ontology classification with probabilities unlikely to occur by chance alone. OF particular interest were clusters relating to cell cycle, proteinaceous extracellular matrix and keratinization. Given the consistent expression changes at 1 week following injury in the cell cycle cluster, there is an opportunity to intervene early following burn injury to influence scar development.
authors.affiliation: Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Surgery and Pediatrics, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Firefighters' Burn Treatment Centre, University of Calgary, Canada. Electronic address: vincent.gabriel@ucalgary.ca.
authors.forename: Vincent A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Gabriel
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematical and Computer Sciences, Metropolitan State University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA. Electronic address: emcclel3@msudenver.edu.
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: McClellan
authors.affiliation: Division of Informatics, J. Craig Venter Institute, San Diego, CA, USA. Electronic address: rscheuermann@jcvi.org.
authors.forename: Richard H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Scheuermann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D046289:Body Modification, Non-Therapeutic; D002056:Burns / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism*; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000235:genetics*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger
keywords: Bead array; Branding; Human; Informatics; Scarring