title: Effect of embryo vitrification on postnatal mouse uterine development.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether the process of vitrification affects the development of the female Müllerian duct.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the difference in morphology and gene expression of the developing uteri of 30 female mice from transferred vitrified embryos and 30 female mice from transferred fresh embryos.
  
  
  RESULTS
  By employing histology, the data showed that there were no significant differences between the 2 groups of the same age. With the use of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, the data showed that there was no significant change in the expression of Wnt genes (Wnt4, Wnt5a, Wnt7a), beta-catenin/TCF target genes, and homeobox A10 (HOXA10) gene during uterine development in the vitrified group as compared with the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that vitrifying preimplantation embryos may have no effects on morphology and gene expression of the uterus of offspring.
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medical Center of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China. lianglinlin800617@126.com
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Linlin
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medical Center of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Bei
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medical Center of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Guijin
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medical Center of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cuilian
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000502:physiology*; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000662:veterinary*; D004624:Embryo Transfer / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D000080905:Homeobox A10 Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D009095:Mullerian Ducts / Q000254:growth & development; D011247:Pregnancy; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014599:Uterus / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D051153:Wnt Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000080905:Homeobox A10 Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D051176:beta Catenin; C092119:Hoxa10 protein, mouse