title: Tissue-specific molecular immune response to lipopolysaccharide challenge in emaciated anadromous Arctic charr.
abstract: Anadromous Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) undergo voluntary winter fasting for months in the Arctic. We tested the hypothesis that extended fasting will compromise the ability of this species to evoke an immune response. Charr were either fed or fasted for 85 days and challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the molecular immune response in the liver and spleen assessed at 8 and 96 h post-injection. LPS increased IL-1β, IL-8, and serum amyloid protein A (SAA) mRNA levels in both groups, but the liver IL-1β and IL-8, and spleen IL-8 responses were reduced in the fasted group. Fasting upregulated SOCS-1 and SOCS-2 mRNA abundance, while LPS stimulated SOCS-3 mRNA abundance and this response was higher in the fasted liver. Collectively, extended fasting and emaciation does not curtail the capacity of charr to evoke an immune response, whereas upregulation of SOCS may be a key adaptation to conserve energy by restricting the inflammatory response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
authors.forename: Anju M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Philip
authors.affiliation: Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
authors.forename: Even H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Jørgensen
authors.affiliation: USGS-BRD, Western Fisheries Research Center, Columbia River Research Laboratory, Cook, WA 98605, USA.
authors.forename: Alec G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Maule
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada. Electronic address: matt.vijayan@ucalgary.ca.
authors.forename: Mathilakath M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Vijayan
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005215:Fasting / Q000502:physiology*; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000276:immunology; D006003:Glycogen / Q000378:metabolism; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008099:Liver / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D009928:Organ Specificity; D012487:Salmonidae / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D000685:Serum Amyloid A Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013154:Spleen / Q000378:metabolism; D050826:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D016207:Cytokines; D029941:Fish Proteins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D000685:Serum Amyloid A Protein; D050826:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins; D006003:Glycogen; D006854:Hydrocortisone
keywords: Cytokines; Fish; SOCS; Salvelinus alpinus; Serum amyloid protein A; Suppressors of cytokine signalling