title: Elevated asymmetric dimethylarginine is associated with oxidant stress aggravation in patients with early stage autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In experimental models of polycystic kidney disease impaired bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) and elevated mRNA expression of oxidative stress markers at the kidney level was noted. However, clinical studies investigating the potential role of endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) are limited. We evaluated asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) as marker of NO synthase inhibitor as well as 15-F2t-Isoprostane and oxidized-low density lipoprotein (oxidized-LDL) as measures of oxidative stress in patients with early stages ADPKD.
  
  
  METHODS
  We recruited 26 ADPKD patients (Group A) with modestly impaired renal function (eGFR 45-70 ml/min/1.73 m(2)), 26 age- and sex-matched ADPKD patients (Group B) with relatively preserved renal function (eGFR)>70 ml/min/1.73 m(2)), and 26 age- and sex-matched controls (Group C). Determination of circulating levels of ADMA, 15-F2t-Isoprostane, oxidized-LDL and routine biochemistry was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Group A and B had significantly higher ADMA levels as compared to controls (1.68 ± 0.7 vs 0.51 ± 0.2 μmol/l, P<0.001 and 1.26 ± 0.7 vs 0.51 ± 0.2 μmol/l, P<0.001, respectively). 15-F2t-IsoP and oxidized-LDL levels were also significantly higher in Group B relative to controls (788.8 ± 185.0 vs 383.1 ± 86.0 pgr/ml, P<0.001 and 11.4 ± 6.6 vs 6.4 ± 2.6 EU/ml, P<0.05 respectively) and were further elevated in Group A. In correlation analysis, ADMA levels exhibited strong associations with levels of 15-F2t-Isoprostane (r=0.811, P<0.001) and oxidized-LDL (r=0.788, P<0.001), whereas an inverse correlation was evident between ADMA and eGFR (r=-0.460, P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows elevation in circulating levels of ADMA along with aggravation of oxidative stress from the early stages of ADPKD. © 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel.
authors.affiliation: Section of Nephrology and Hypertension, 1st Department of Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Vassilios
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Raptis
authors.forename: Panagiotis I
authors.initials: PI
authors.lastname: Georgianos
authors.forename: Pantelis A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Sarafidis
authors.forename: Athanasios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sioulis
authors.forename: Kali
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Makedou
authors.forename: Areti
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Makedou
authors.forename: Dimitrios M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Grekas
authors.forename: Stergios
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kapoulas
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001120:Arginine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D028421:Isoprostanes / Q000097:blood; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D016891:Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D028421:Isoprostanes; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein; C075750:8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha; C018524:N,N-dimethylarginine; D001120:Arginine; D015237:Dinoprost