title: [Musical hallucinations: perpetual music].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Musical hallucinations are a kind of auditory hallucination that are prevalent among the non-psychiatric population, but which have rarely been reported in the neurological literature. They occur most frequently in the elderly, in females and when there is a loss of hearing, but their pathophysiology has still to be unravelled.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report here six cases (five females and one male) of musical hallucinations diagnosed in a general neurology clinic over a time-span of five years. In five cases there was also concurrent hypoacusis, to a greater or lesser extent, and one had been triggered by pentoxifylline. In most instances, the musical content of the hallucinations had its origins in music experienced in childhood and early youth. In the cases submitted to pharmacological treatment, the response was poor. Yet, after explaining to the patients that the condition was benign and had no connection with a psychotic pathology, the degree of acceptance of the symptoms was good.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Musical hallucinations are a little-known pathology lying on the borderline between neurology, otorhinolaryngology and psychiatry which are often wrongly linked to mental disease. It is essential to explain to patients and relatives that these symptoms are not necessarily of a psychiatric nature, and to be aware of the potential capacity of some commonly used drugs to generate them.
authors.affiliation: Hospital Donostia, 20014 San Sebastian, Espana.
authors.forename: Ramón J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Zabalza-Estévez
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015984:Causality; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006212:Hallucinations / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D006312:Hearing Loss, Bilateral / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D006319:Hearing Loss, Sensorineural / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D056784:Leukoencephalopathies / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis; D009146:Music; D059906:Neuroimaging; D010431:Pentoxifylline / Q000009:adverse effects; D011304:Presbycusis / Q000150:complications; D014012:Tinnitus / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D010431:Pentoxifylline