title: Comparative study on waterborne parasites between Malaysia and Thailand: A new insight.
abstract: This study investigated the distribution of parasites as main contaminants in water environments of peninsular Malaysia (October 2011-December 2011) and the southeastern coast of Thailand (June 2012). Sixty-four water samples, 33 from Malaysia and 31 from Thailand, of various water types were examined according to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency guidelines. Drinking or household water types from both countries were free from parasitic contamination. The recreational/environmental (except a swimming pool in Malaysia) and effluent water types from these two countries were contaminated with waterborne parasites: Giardia (0.04-4 cysts/L), Cryptosporidium (0.06-2.33 oocysts/L), hookworm (6.67-350 ova/L), Ascaris (0.33-33.33 ova/L), and Schistosoma (9.25-13.33 ova/L). The most contaminated sites were recreational lake garden 3 in Malaysia and river 2 in Thailand. Higher concentrations of Giardia, Cryptosporidium, and hookworm were found in samples from Malaysia than in samples from Thailand. The presence of Giardia cysts showed a significant association with the presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts (P < 0.005).
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology (Southeast Asia Water Team), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand; Biological Sciences Department, College of Science and Computer Studies, De La Salle University - Dasmariñas, Dasmariñas, The Philippines; School of Science and Technology, Centro Escolar University, Manila, The Philippines.
authors.forename: Thulasi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Subashini
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Onichandran
authors.forename: Yvonne A L
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Nongyao
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sawangjaroen
authors.forename: Init
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ithoi
authors.forename: Hemah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Andiappan
authors.forename: Cristina C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Salibay
authors.forename: Julieta Z
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Dungca
authors.forename: Tan Tian
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Chye
authors.forename: Wan Y W
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Sulaiman
authors.forename: Yee
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ling Lau
authors.forename: Veeranoot
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nissapatorn
mesh_terms: D000723:Ancylostomatoidea / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D000818:Animals; D001200:Ascaris / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D003458:Cryptosporidium / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000469:parasitology*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005872:Giardia / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D060106:Lakes / Q000469:parasitology; D008296:Malaysia; D033661:Oocysts; D045483:Rivers / Q000469:parasitology; D012547:Schistosoma / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D013785:Thailand; D014867:Water / Q000469:parasitology*
chemical_list: D060766:Drinking Water; D014867:Water