title: Intra-gastric triacetin alters upper gastrointestinal motility in conscious dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effect of intra-gastric triacetin on both upper gastrointestinal motility and proximal gastric tone in conscious dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three beagle dogs under sedation were surgically implanted with gastrocutaneous fistula in the gastric body and force transducers in the gastric antrum and duodenum. Beginning at week-2 after insertion, the animals were either fasted for 24 h or fed a liquid meal 2-3 h before the experiment. With the animals fully conscious, a polyethylene bag was inserted into the proximal stomach through the gastrocutaneous fistula, followed by 15 min of air inflation (minimal distending pressure of ＋2 mmHg) and then 20 mL of a low-, mid- or high-concentration triacetin solution (0.5%, 1.0% and 2.0%) or warm water (vehicle control). The proximal stomach receptive volume and gastric antral and duodenal contractions were measured over 10 min. The experiment was repeated twice per week over several months, with each animal receiving at least one infusion of the various triacetin solutions and the vehicle at different times. Intergroup differences were assessed by ANOVA and Bonferroni-Dunn post-hoc testing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intra-gastric infusion of mid- and high-concentration triacetin induced an increase in the proximal stomach receptive volume, and the average increase induced by the high-concentration at 0-4 min after infusion was significantly greater than that induced by the vehicle control (62.4 ± 9.8 vs 18.4 ± 4.7, P < 0.01). The mid- and high-concentration triacetin also produced a temporary inhibition of the gastric antral contractions at 2 min after infusions; however, only the fasted group showed triacetin-induced antral contractile inhibition that was significantly greater than that in the vehicle control group (P < 0.05). In addition, only the fasted group showed a high-concentration triacetin-induced increase in duodenal contractions at 9-10 min that was significantly different from that in the vehicle control group (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intra-gastric infusion of 1.0%-2.0% triacetin delays gastric emptying by increasing proximal stomach receptive volume, temporarily inhibiting gastric antral contractions and facilitating duodenal contractions.
authors.affiliation: Kazumasa Oosaka, Research and Development Department, Fushimi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kagawa 7638605, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazumasa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oosaka
authors.affiliation: Kazumasa Oosaka, Research and Development Department, Fushimi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kagawa 7638605, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tokuda
authors.affiliation: Kazumasa Oosaka, Research and Development Department, Fushimi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kagawa 7638605, Japan.
authors.forename: Naohiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Furukawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003243:Consciousness; D004285:Dogs; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004386:Duodenum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000187:drug effects; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility / Q000187:drug effects*; D005772:Gastrointestinal Transit / Q000187:drug effects; D011706:Pyloric Antrum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors; D014215:Triacetin / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D014215:Triacetin
keywords: Barostat; Gastrointestinal motility; Proximal gastric relaxation; Short-chain triglycerides