title: Structure, MC3T3-E1 cell response, and osseointegration of macroporous titanium implants covered by a bioactive microarc oxidation coating with microporous structure.
abstract: Macroporous Ti with macropores of 50-400 μm size is prepared by sintering Ti microbeads with different diameters of 100, 200, 400, and 600 μm. Bioactive microarc oxidation (MAO) coatings with micropores of 2-5 μm size are prepared on the macroporous Ti. The MAO coatings are composed of a few TiO2 nanocrystals and lots of amorphous phases with Si, Ca, Ti, Na, and O elements. Compared to compact Ti, the MC3T3-E1 cell attachment is prolonged on macroporous Ti without and with MAO coatings; however, the cell proliferation number increases. These results are contributed to the effects of the space structure of macroporous Ti and the surface chemical feature and element dissolution of the MAO coatings during the cell culture. Macroporous Ti both without and with MAO coatings does not cause any adverse effects in vivo. The new bone grows well into the macropores and micropores of macroporous Ti with MAO coatings, showing good mechanical properties in vivo compared to Ti, MAO-treated Ti, and macroporous Ti because of its excellent osseointegration. Moreover, the MAO coatings not only show a high interface bonding strength with new bones but also connect well with macroporous Ti. Furthermore, the pushing out force for macroporous Ti with MAO coatings increases significantly with increasing microbead diameter.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Daqing
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Su
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Haoyue
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Baoqiang
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yaming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Dechang
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000818:Animals; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000502:physiology* / Q000601:surgery; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008863:Microspheres; D016348:Osseointegration; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D011817:Rabbits; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium