title: Mechanical and toxicological evaluation of concrete artifacts containing waste foundry sand.
abstract: The creation of metal parts via casting uses molds that are generally made from sand and phenolic resin. The waste generated after the casting process is called waste foundry sand (WFS). Depending on the mold composition and the casting process, WFS can contain substances that prevent its direct emission to the environment. In Brazil, this waste is classified according to the Standard ABNT NBR 10004:2004 as a waste Class II (Non-Inert). The recycling of this waste is limited because its characteristics change significantly after use. Although the use (or reuse) of this byproduct in civil construction is a technically feasible alternative, its effects must be evaluated, especially from mechanical and environmental points of view. Thus, the objective of this study is to investigate the effect of the use of WFS in the manufacture of cement artifacts, such as masonry blocks for walls, structural masonry blocks, and paving blocks. Blocks containing different concentrations of WFS (up to 75% by weight) were produced and evaluated using compressive strength tests (35 MPa at 28 days) and toxicity tests on Daphnia magna, Allium cepa (onion root), and Eisenia foetida (earthworm). The results showed that there was not a considerable reduction in the compressive strength, with values of 35 ± 2 MPa at 28 days. The toxicity study with the material obtained from leaching did not significantly interfere with the development of D. magna and E. foetida, but the growth of the A. cepa species was reduced. The study showed that the use of this waste in the production of concrete blocks is feasible from both mechanical and environmental points of view.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Engenharia de Materiais - PPGCEM, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense - UNESC, Av. Universitária, 1105 - P.O. Box 3167, 88.806-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Miguel Angelo
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mastella
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Pesquisa Desenvolvimento de Materiais a partir de Resíduos - VALORA, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense - UNESC, Av. Universitária, 1105 - P.O. Box 3167, 88.806-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Edivelton Soratto
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Gislon
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Engenharia de Materiais - PPGCEM, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense - UNESC, Av. Universitária, 1105 - P.O. Box 3167, 88.806-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pelisser
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Materiais Antimicrobianos - LADEBIMA, Av. Universitária, 1105 - P.O. Box 3167, 88.806-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cláudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ricken
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Engenharia de Materiais - PPGCEM, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense - UNESC, Av. Universitária, 1105 - P.O. Box 3167, 88.806-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil; Laboratório de Pesquisa em Materiais - LAPEM, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense - UNESC, Av. Universitária, 1105 - P.O. Box 3167, 88.806-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciano
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Engenharia de Materiais - PPGCEM, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense - UNESC, Av. Universitária, 1105 - P.O. Box 3167, 88.806-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil; Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Materiais Antimicrobianos - LADEBIMA, Av. Universitária, 1105 - P.O. Box 3167, 88.806-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Elídio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Angioletto
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Engenharia de Materiais - PPGCEM, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense - UNESC, Av. Universitária, 1105 - P.O. Box 3167, 88.806-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil; Grupo de Pesquisa Desenvolvimento de Materiais a partir de Resíduos - VALORA, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense - UNESC, Av. Universitária, 1105 - P.O. Box 3167, 88.806-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil. Electronic address: oscar.rkm@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Oscar Rubem Klegues
authors.initials: OR
authors.lastname: Montedo
mesh_terms: D000497:Alloys; D000818:Animals; D019245:Compressive Strength; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources / Q000379:methods; D003252:Construction Materials; D003621:Daphnia; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis; D008670:Metals / Q000737:chemistry; D009835:Oligochaeta; D019697:Onions; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D010316:Particle Size; D019800:Phenol / Q000737:chemistry; D018517:Plant Roots; D011312:Pressure; D059027:Recycling; D012037:Refuse Disposal / Q000379:methods*; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D012987:Soil; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013997:Time Factors; D018675:Toxicity Tests
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D007220:Industrial Waste; D008670:Metals; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D012987:Soil; D019800:Phenol; D012822:Silicon Dioxide
keywords: Concrete blocks; Foundry sand; Mechanical properties; Toxicity; Waste