title: Direct and indirect air particle cytotoxicity in human alveolar epithelial cells.
abstract: Air particulate matter has been associated with adverse impact on the respiratory system leading to cytotoxic and proinflammatory effects. The biological mechanisms behind these associations may be initiated by inhaled small size particles, particle components (soluble fraction) and/or mediators released by particle-exposed cells (conditioned media). The effect of Urban Air Particles from Buenos Aires (UAP-BA) and Residual Oil Fly Ash (ROFA) a surrogate of ambient air pollution, their Soluble Fractions (SF) and Conditioned Media (CM) on A549 lung epithelial cells was examined. After 24 h exposure to TP (10 and 100 μg/ml), SF or CM, several biological parameters were assayed on cultured A549 cells. We tested cell viability by MTT, superoxide anion (O₂(-)) generation by NBT and proinflammatory cytokine (TNFα, IL-6 and IL-8) production by ELISA. UAP-BA particles or its SF (direct effect) did not modify cell viability and generation of O₂(-) for any of the doses tested. On the contrary, UAP-BA CM (indirect effect) reduced cell viability and increased both generation of O₂(-) and IL-8 production. Exposure to ROFA particles, SF or ROFA CM reduced proliferation and O₂(-) but, stimulated IL-8. It is worth to note that UAP-BA and ROFA depicted distinct effects on particle-exposed A549 cells implicating morphochemical dependence. These in vitro findings support the hypothesis that particle-induced lung inflammation and disease may involve lung-derived mediators.
authors.affiliation: School of Science and Technology, National University of General San Martín, Martín de Irigoyen 3100, 1653 San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Committee for Scientific Research, calle 526 entre 10 y 11, 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Orona
authors.affiliation: School of Science and Technology, National University of General San Martín, Martín de Irigoyen 3100, 1653 San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Astort
authors.affiliation: School of Science and Technology, National University of General San Martín, Martín de Irigoyen 3100, 1653 San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Maglione
authors.affiliation: Institute of Integrated Risk Analysis, National Research Council, Brazil.
authors.forename: P H N
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Saldiva
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Preclinical Research, LLC, Norfolk, VA 23510, USA.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Yakisich
authors.affiliation: School of Science and Technology, National University of General San Martín, Martín de Irigoyen 3100, 1653 San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina; School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, MT de Alvear 2142, C1122AAH Buenos Aires, Argentina. Electronic address: dtasat@unsam.edu.ar.
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Tasat
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D001118:Argentina; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002947:Cities; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned / Q000633:toxicity; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000633:toxicity*; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000166:cytology*; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D016207:Cytokines; D052638:Particulate Matter; D013481:Superoxides
keywords: A549; Conditioned media; Cytotoxicity; Inflammation; Particulate matter; ROS