title: Effects of intrabursal administration of botulinum toxin type B on lameness in horses with degenerative injury to the podotrochlear apparatus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the safety and short-term efficacy of intrabursal administration of botulinum toxin type B (BTXB) to alleviate lameness in horses with degenerative injury to the podotrochlear apparatus (PA).
  
  
  METHODS
  10 Quarter Horses with degenerative injury to the PA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Degenerative injury to the PA was confirmed with diagnostic analgesia and imaging. Then, BTXB (3.8 to 4.5 U/kg) was injected into the podotrochlear (navicular) bursa of each horse. Three horses were used in a safety evaluation. Subsequently, video recordings of lameness evaluations were obtained for 7 client-owned horses 5 days before (baseline) and 7 and 14 days after BTXB treatment and used to determine the effect of BTXB injection on lameness; 1 horse was removed from the study 8 days after BTXB treatment. Three investigators who were unaware of the treated forelimbs or time points separately reviewed the recordings and graded the lameness of both forelimbs of the horses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Improvement in lameness of the treated forelimbs was detected at 1 or both time points after BTXB administration in all horses. However, all horses had some degree of lameness at the end of the study. Two horses developed transient increases in lameness 48 to 72 hours after treatment; lameness resolved uneventfully.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intrabursal injection of BTXB temporarily alleviated chronic lameness in horses with degenerative injury to the PA, without causing serious short-term adverse effects. Further investigation into the potential use of BTXB in horses affected by degenerative injury to the PA is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61802.
authors.forename: Santiago D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Gutierrez-Nibeyro
authors.forename: Marcos P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Nathaniel A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: M Norris
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: Alexia L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: McKnight
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Schaeffer
mesh_terms: D000698:Analgesia / Q000662:veterinary; D000818:Animals; D018726:Anti-Dyskinesia Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A; D005534:Foot Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000662:veterinary*; D005552:Forelimb; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D006736:Horses; D007794:Lameness, Animal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D018726:Anti-Dyskinesia Agents; C096323:rimabotulinumtoxinB; D001905:Botulinum Toxins; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A