title: Effect of zinc and copper supplementation on the prognostic value of urinary 5-methyl-2'- deoxycytidine in DMBA-induced carcinogenesis in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Epigenetic alterations have been identified as promising new targets for cancer prevention strategies as they occur early during carcinogenesis and represent potentially initiating events for cancer development.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of zinc and copper on the DNA methylation in rats whose breast adenocarcinoma was simultaneously induced with 7, 12 dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA). The research focused on the kinetics of alterations in urinary 5-MedC (5-methyl-2'-deoxycytidine) at the early and late stages of carcinogenesis, as well as the influence of dietary factors on the process.
  
  
  METHODS
  The content of 5-methyl-2'-deoxycytidine in the rats' urine was determined by the ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) method. The 5-MedC level was standardized by conversion to the creatinine level.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was found that in the rats fed only the standard diet and DMBA-treated the urinary levels of 5-MedC collected after the 10th week were considerably lower in comparison with the content of this biomarker in urine starting from the 19th week (43.56 ± 14.34 vs. 71.84 ± 42.64). The animals treated with DMBA and additionally obtaining copper were characterized by a much higher content of the examined biomarker in urine, both in the early phase of carcinogenesis (10th week) and later (19th week), as compared with the animals fed only the standard diet or the zinc-supplemented diet. In the rats with a fully developed tumor (100% incidence of the disease) the applied dose of resveratrol (0.2 mg/kg bw) was too low to prevent the intensive formation and increase of 5-MedC level in urine, additionally stimulated by the presence of Cu in the diet as well as by the active, ongoing neoplastic process.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Summing up the obtained results of investigations it can be said that the urinary level of 5-MedC depends on the applied supplementation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bromatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bobrowska-Korczak
authors.affiliation: Department of Bromatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Dorota
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Skrajnowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Bromatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tokarz
mesh_terms: D015127:9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene; D000818:Animals; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000652:urine*; D063646:Carcinogenesis / Q000139:chemically induced*; D003300:Copper / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019175:DNA Methylation; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000652:urine; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D057890:Epigenomics; D005260:Female; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000652:urine*; D011379:Prognosis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015032:Zinc / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D015127:9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene; D003300:Copper; C016569:5-methyldeoxycytidine; D015032:Zinc
keywords: Biomarkers; copper; methylation; resveratrol; zinc