title: Smoking and drinking as risk indicators for tooth loss in middle-aged Danes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate tobacco and alcohol consumption as risk indicators for missing teeth in late middle-aged Danes.
  
  
  METHODS
  In all, 1,517 Copenhagen Aging and Midlife Biobank (CAMB) participants received a clinical oral examination that included number of teeth. Information on smoking, drinking, and various covariates was obtained using self-administered, structured questionnaires. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression (dependent variable: 6+ vs. <6 missing teeth) were used to investigate smoking and drinking in relation to missing teeth.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Current smokers, persons who currently or previously smoked >15 tobacco units/day, and persons who had smoked for 27+ years had elevated mean scores of missing teeth and associated odds ratios (OR) compared with never smokers. Relative to nondrinkers, alcohol consumption was associated with reduced odds of missing 6+ teeth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that smoking is positively associated, while alcoholic beverage consumption is inversely related to tooth loss in middle-aged Danes.
authors.affiliation: University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Douglas E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Morse
authors.forename: Kirsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Avlund
authors.forename: Lisa Bøge
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Christensen
authors.forename: Nils-Erik
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Fiehn
authors.forename: Drude
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Molbo
authors.forename: Palle
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Holmstrup
authors.forename: Johanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kongstad
authors.forename: Erik Lykke
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Mortensen
authors.forename: Poul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Holm-Pedersen
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016388:Tooth Loss / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*
keywords: drinking; middle-aged; smoking; tooth loss