title: MicroRNA-133 inhibits behavioral aggregation by controlling dopamine synthesis in locusts.
abstract: Phenotypic plasticity is ubiquitous and primarily controlled by interactions between environmental and genetic factors. The migratory locust, a worldwide pest, exhibits pronounced phenotypic plasticity, which is a population density-dependent transition that occurs between the gregarious and solitary phases. Genes involved in dopamine synthesis have been shown to regulate the phase transition of locusts. However, the function of microRNAs in this process remains unknown. In this study, we report the participation of miR-133 in dopamine production and the behavioral transition by negatively regulating two critical genes, henna and pale, in the dopamine pathway. miR-133 participated in the post-transcriptional regulation of henna and pale by binding to their coding region and 3' untranslated region, respectively. miR-133 displayed cellular co-localization with henna/pale in the protocerebrum, and its expression in the protocerebrum was negatively correlated with henna and pale expression. Moreover, miR-133 agomir delivery suppressed henna and pale expression, which consequently decreased dopamine production, thus resulting in the behavioral shift of the locusts from the gregarious phase to the solitary phase. Increasing the dopamine content could rescue the solitary phenotype, which was induced by miR-133 agomir delivery. Conversely, miR-133 inhibition increased the expression of henna and pale, resulting in the gregarious-like behavior of solitary locusts; this gregarious phenotype could be rescued by RNA interference of henna and pale. This study shows the novel function and modulation pattern of a miRNA in phenotypic plasticity and provides insight into the underlying molecular mechanisms of the phase transition of locusts.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China ; Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
authors.forename: Meiling
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yuanyuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China ; Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
authors.forename: Yanli
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xiaojiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China ; Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Le
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004298:Dopamine / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006110:Grasshoppers / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics*; D010641:Phenotype; D011156:Population Density; D034622:RNA Interference; D012919:Social Behavior
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs; D004298:Dopamine