title: Detection of fetal RhD gene from maternal blood.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) is a clinic phenomenon which occurs during pregnancy due to the Rhesus (Rh) D alloimmunization between a Rh (-) pregnant woman, who has become sensitive to RhD antigens, and her Rh (+) fetus. As a result of the attack of maternal RhD antibodies on fetal RhD antigens, fetal anemia, HDN and fetal death may occur. % 40 of Rh (-) pregnant women carry Rh (-) fetus. However, all Rh (-) pregnant women are offered anti-D Immunoglobulin (Anti-D Ig) at 28 weeks' gestation in case of fetomaternal haemorrhage, so the pregnant women carrying Rh (-) fetus are exposed to blood products unnecessarily. Although the RhD of fetus can be detected, methods used for prenatal diagnosis recently are invasive tests and they can result in abortion in a certain percentage. The discovery of circulating cell-free fetal nucleic acids in maternal plasma has opened up new possibilities for non invasive prenatal diagnosis. The aim of this study was to detect prenatal RhD by analysing the presence of the RhD gene of fetal DNA in maternal blood.
  
  
  METHODS
  Total free DNA was isolated from the blood of 19 Rh (-) pregnant women, who had RhD alloimmunization with their husbands, in the 11-14 th week of their pregnancy. The existence of a gene in isolated DNA was investigated with TaqMan prob and "Real-time PCR" method by using primers belonging to exon 7 of RhD gene.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using a quantitative real-time PCR assay, the presence of RhD gene sequences was evaluated in the serum of patients at the onset of pregnancy. We have analyzed 19 Rh (-) pregnant women. Twelve of them were Rh (-) and the rest of them were 7 Rh (+). After birth the baby's blood groups were concordant with our results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results obtained by RhD primer were analysed. The possibility of detection of fetal RhD gene in maternal blood contributed to noninvasive prenatal diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Istanbul University, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Tuba
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Günel
authors.affiliation: Istanbul University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kalelioğlu
authors.affiliation: Istanbul University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hayri
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ermiş
authors.affiliation: Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Kılıç
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aydınlı
keywords: Fetal DNA; RhD gene; real-time PCR