title: Systemic and renal haemodynamic effects of fluid bolus therapy: sodium chloride versus sodium octanoate-balanced solution.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Solutions with high chloride concentrations, like normal saline (NS), may adversely affect renal blood flow (RBF). We compared the systemic and renal haemodynamic effects of a bolus of NS with those of a novel isotonic solution containing a physiological concentration of chloride and sodium octanoate (SOct) in healthy conscious sheep.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed an experimental double-blind cross-over animal study. After chronic pulmonary and renal artery flow probe insertion, animals were randomly assigned to receive rapid intravenous infusion (1 L over 30 minutes) of either NS or SOct. Haemodynamic parameters were recorded continuously before and after treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  NS and SOct had similar dilutional effects on the haematocrit. Both induced a short-lived increase in cardiac output (CO) and total peripheral conductance which dissipated by 60 minutes. However, SOct increased RBF more than NS (peak values, 213.4±34.3mL/min v 179.3±35.6mL/min; P < 0.001) with a greater RBF/CO ratio (peak values, 12.2%±3.7% v 10.6%±3.6%; P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NS and SOct appear to have similar systemic haemodynamic effects. However, OS significantly increases RBF compared with normal saline.
authors.affiliation: Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. rinaldo.bellomo@austin.org.au.
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ke
authors.affiliation: Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Calzavacca
authors.affiliation: Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.affiliation: Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
authors.forename: Clive N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: May
authors.affiliation: Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Wei-Qin
authors.initials: WQ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: CSL Behring, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bertolini
authors.affiliation: Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
authors.forename: Rinaldo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bellomo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002210:Caprylates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016638:Critical Illness / Q000628:therapy*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005440:Fluid Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000187:drug effects; D012079:Renal Circulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D012756:Sheep; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D002210:Caprylates; D012965:Sodium Chloride; C031492:octanoic acid