title: Convexity meningiomas enhanced by sodium fluorescein.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The resection of the meningiomas surrounding the dura is an important goal during the removal of a convexity meningioma. The authors present the first application of sodium fluorescein (SF) as a tool for tumor and dural tail identification in convexity meningiomas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five frontal convexity meningiomas operated on between December 2012 and April 2013 were included. After initial dissection a dose of 1 g of the SF, 20% was injected into a peripheral vein. Tumor and dural tail were removed using the correlation between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and transoperative SF enhancement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Simpson Grade 1 removal was obtained in three cases, grade 2 in one atypical meningioma and grade zero in one case. SF dural tail enhancement was positive in all cases and histologic analysis evidenced involvement of the dura by tumors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SF enhancement was evident in meningiomas and dura surrounding the lesions. Histologic analysis confirmed dural involvement. SF could represent an universally available fluorescent tool for meningioma surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery and Skull Base Surgery, Hospital Ernesto Dornelles, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos Eduardo
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Radiation, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul - PUCRS, Porto Alegre/RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vinicius Duval
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Service of Hand Surgery and Reconstructive Microsurgery, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul - PUCRS, Porto Alegre/RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jefferson Luis Braga
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: da Silva
keywords: Fluorescent marker; grade zero removal; meningioma; surgical resection