title: Analysis of proteins showing differential changes during ATP oscillations in chondrogenesis.
abstract: Prechondrogenic condensation is a critical step for skeletal pattern formation. Our previous study showed that ATP oscillations play an essential role in prechondrogenic condensation because they induce oscillatory secretion. However, the molecular mechanisms that underlie ATP oscillations remain poorly understood. We examined how differential changes in proteins are implicated in ATP oscillations during chondrogenesis by using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Our analysis showed that a number of proteins involved in ATP synthesis/consumption, catabolic/anabolic processes, actin dynamics, cell migration and adhesion were detected at either the peak or the trough of ATP oscillations, which implies that these proteins have oscillatory expression patterns that are coupled to ATP oscillations. On the basis of the results, we suggest that (1) the oscillatory expression of proteins involved in ATP synthesis/consumption and catabolic/anabolic processes can contribute to the generation or maintenance of ATP oscillations and that (2) the oscillatory expression of proteins involved in actin dynamics, cell migration and adhesion plays key roles in prechondrogenic condensation by inducing collective adhesion and migration in cooperation with ATP oscillations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Eulji University, Gyeonggi, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyuck Joon
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Sadamu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kurono
authors.forename: Yuka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohmiya
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yasuda
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002460:Cell Line; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D020219:Chondrogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D006801:Humans; D020543:Proteome / Q000032:analysis*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
chemical_list: D020543:Proteome; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate
keywords: ATP oscillations; chondrogenesis; liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS); prechondrogenic condensation; proteome