title: Sixteen cytosolic glutamine synthetase genes identified in the Brassica napus L. genome are differentially regulated depending on nitrogen regimes and leaf senescence.
abstract: A total of 16 BnaGLN1 genes coding for cytosolic glutamine synthetase isoforms (EC 6.3.1.2.) were found in the Brassica napus genome. The total number of BnaGLN1 genes, their phylogenetic relationships, and genetic locations are in agreement with the evolutionary history of Brassica species. Two BnaGLN1.1, two BnaGLN1.2, six BnaGLN1.3, four BnaGLN1.4, and two BnaGLN1.5 genes were found and named according to the standardized nomenclature for the Brassica genus. Gene expression showed conserved responses to nitrogen availability and leaf senescence among the Brassiceae tribe. The BnaGLN1.1 and BnaGLN1.4 families are overexpressed during leaf senescence and in response to nitrogen limitation. The BnaGLN1.2 family is up-regulated under high nitrogen regimes. The members of the BnaGLN1.3 family are not affected by nitrogen availability and are more expressed in stems than in leaves. Expression of the two BnaGLN1.5 genes is almost undetectable in vegetative tissues. Regulations arising from plant interactions with their environment (such as nitrogen resources), final architecture, and therefore sink-source relations in planta, seem to be globally conserved between Arabidopsis and B. napus. Similarities of the coding sequence (CDS) and protein sequences, expression profiles, response to nitrogen availability, and ageing suggest that the roles of the different GLN1 families have been conserved among the Brassiceae tribe. These findings are encouraging the transfer of knowledge from the Arabidopsis model plant to the B. napus crop plant. They are of special interest when considering the role of glutamine synthetase in crop yield and grain quality in maize and wheat.
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR 1349 Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes 1, F-35653 Le Rheu, France INRA, UMR 1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, F-49071 Beaucouzé, France Université d'Angers, UMR 1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, SFR 4207 QUASAV, PRES L'UNAM, F-49045 Angers, France AgroCampus-Ouest, UMR 1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, F-49045 Angers, France mathilde.orsel-baldwin@angers.inra.fr celine.masclaux@versailles.inra.fr.
authors.forename: Mathilde
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Orsel
authors.affiliation: UMR1318, INRA, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, RD10, 78026 Versailles cedex, France AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, RD10, 78026 Versailles cedex, France.
authors.forename: Michaël
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moison
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR 1349 Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes 1, F-35653 Le Rheu, France.
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Clouet
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR 1349 Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes 1, F-35653 Le Rheu, France.
authors.forename: Justine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR 1349 Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes 1, F-35653 Le Rheu, France.
authors.forename: Françoise
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Leprince
authors.affiliation: Biogemma, Groupe de Recherche Génomique Amont, F-63028 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: Anne-Sophie
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Canoy
authors.affiliation: INRA-CNRS, Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, CP 5708, 91057 Evry Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Jérémy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Just
authors.affiliation: INRA-CNRS, Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, CP 5708, 91057 Evry Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Boulos
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chalhoub
authors.affiliation: UMR1318, INRA, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, RD10, 78026 Versailles cedex, France AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, RD10, 78026 Versailles cedex, France mathilde.orsel-baldwin@angers.inra.fr celine.masclaux@versailles.inra.fr.
authors.forename: Céline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Masclaux-Daubresse
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D029688:Brassica napus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics*; D029741:Brassica rapa / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D003600:Cytosol / Q000201:enzymology*; D030561:Databases, Nucleic Acid; D020224:Expressed Sequence Tags; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects*; D017343:Genes, Plant; D056426:Genetic Loci; D005974:Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D058977:Molecular Sequence Annotation; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009566:Nitrates / Q000494:pharmacology; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016366:Open Reading Frames / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012098:Reproduction / Q000235:genetics; D016415:Sequence Alignment
chemical_list: D009566:Nitrates; D010940:Plant Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D005974:Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: Alloploidization; Brassica napus; Brassica oleracea; Brassica rapa; nitrogen metabolism; nitrogen remobilization; senescence.