title: Endometrial carcinoma in women aged 40 years and younger.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endometrial carcinoma is a disease of older postmenopausal women, and is relatively uncommon in patients younger than 40 years. Endometrial carcinomas in this age group may be familial, associated with Lynch syndrome, or sporadic.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To present our current knowledge of endometrial carcinomas in women younger than 40 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  The review is based on previously published articles on this topic.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most endometrial carcinomas that occur in this age group are associated with estrogen excess. They are usually low-grade endometrioid carcinomas that present at low stages and are associated with favorable clinical outcomes. Tumors associated with mismatch repair abnormalities and Lynch syndrome appear to be distinct, with worse prognostic factors and, possibly, clinical behavior. Conservative hormonal therapy and ovarian conservation are reasonable considerations in the management of these young patients, but carry the risk of tumor progression, recurrence, and an occult synchronous or metachronous ovarian carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco (Dr Garg); and the Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (Dr Soslow).
authors.forename: Karuna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Garg
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Soslow
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018269:Carcinoma, Endometrioid / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D003123:Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D053843:DNA Mismatch Repair; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011379:Prognosis