title: Enhanced removal of methylene blue and methyl violet dyes from aqueous solution using a nanocomposite of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide grafted xanthan gum and incorporated nanosilica.
abstract: The synthesis and characterization of a novel nanocomposite is reported that was developed as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of toxic methylene blue (MB) and methyl violet (MV) from aqueous solution. The nanocomposite comprises hydrolyzed polyacrylamide grafted onto xanthan gum as well as incorporated nanosilica. The synthesis exploits the saponification of the grafted polyacrylamide and the in situ formation of nanoscale SiO2 by a sol-gel reaction, in which the biopolymer matrix promotes the silica polymerization and therefore acts as a novel template for nanosilica formation. The detailed investigation of the kinetics and the adsorption isotherms of MB and MV from aqueous solution showed that the dyes adsorb rapidly, in accordance with a pseudo-second-order kinetics and a Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The entropy driven process was furthermore found to strongly depend on the point of zero charge (pzc) of the adsorbent. The remarkably high adsorption capacity of dyes on the nanocomposites (efficiency of MB removal, 99.4%; maximum specific removal Qmax, 497.5 mg g(-1); and efficiency of MV removal, 99.1%; Qmax, 378.8 mg g(-1)) is rationalized on the basis of H-bonding interactions as well as dipole-dipole and electrostatic interactions between anionic adsorbent and cationic dye molecules. Because of the excellent regeneration capacity the nanocomposites are considered interesting materials for the uptake of, for instance, toxic dyes from wastewater.
authors.affiliation: Polymer Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Applied Chemistry, Indian School of Mines , Dhanbad 826004, India.
authors.forename: Soumitra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghorai
authors.forename: Asish
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sarkar
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raoufi
authors.forename: Asit Baran
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Panda
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schönherr
authors.forename: Sagar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pal
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D000327:Adsorption; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005840:Gentian Violet / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008751:Methylene Blue / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D053761:Nanocomposites / Q000737:chemistry*; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry*; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000099166:Polyacrylamides
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D004396:Coloring Agents; D005840:Gentian Violet; D008751:Methylene Blue; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D000099166:Polyacrylamides; C002563:xanthan gum