title: Cultural correlates of burden in primary caregivers of older relatives: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the effect of cultural factors on the subjective burden of primary home caregivers of older relatives.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study. Primary home caregivers (N = 208) of older relatives were recruited in Spain using systematic random sampling.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data were collected in 2010 through interviews. The measures included sociodemographic characteristics, stressors (the intensity of care provided and the care-recipient's needs; the latter were assessed using the Barthel Index, the Pfeiffer Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire and the Cummings Neuropsychiatric Inventory), cultural factors (kinship ties, common residence, perceived social support, and cultural motives for caregiving), and caregiver subjective burden (Caregiver Strain Index). The data were analyzed using bivariate procedures and multiple linear regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After controlling for caregiver age, caregiver gender, stressors, and duration of caregiving, subjective burden was negatively associated with perceived social support and reciprocity, and in the subgroup of adult children, it was positively associated with common residence. Cultural factors explained 29% of the variance in burden.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings add to the existing evidence regarding the influence of cultural factors in the perception of burden in caregiving situations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A risk profile could be proposed for subjective burden in primary family caregivers. Individuals who are at risk are characterized as young, offspring who live with the care recipient, care for a care recipient with behavioral problems, are unsatisfied with the social support received, and have a low balanced reciprocity.
authors.affiliation: Professor, School of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: del-Pino-Casado
authors.forename: Martín David
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Millán-Cobo
authors.forename: Pedro A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Palomino-Moral
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Frías-Osuna
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012307:Risk Factors; D012944:Social Support; D013030:Spain; D013315:Stress, Psychological
keywords: Caregivers; burden; cultural factors; elderly; nursing