title: Increased serum level of soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 is associated with poor coronary collateralization in patients with stable coronary artery disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The present study investigated whether serum levels of soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (sVEGFR)-1, -2 and -3 are related to poor coronary collateralization in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum levels of sVEGFR-1, -2, -3, VEGF, and placental growth factor (PLGF) were determined in 403 consecutive patients with angiographic total or subtotal occlusion of at least 1 major coronary artery. The degree of collateralization was graded according to the Rentrop scoring system. Low (Rentrop score of 0 or 1) and high (Rentrop score of 2 or 3) coronary collateralization occurred in 161 and 242 patients, respectively. Serum levels of sVEGFR-1 and -2 were significantly elevated, in contrast, VEGF and PLGF levels were remarkably decreased in patients with low collateralization than in those with high collateralization (all P<0.05). Significant differences in sVEGFR-1, VEGF and PLGF levels was consistently detected between the low and high collateralization subgroups for patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) (for all comparisons, P<0.01). Multivariable regression analysis revealed that DM, dyslipidemia, elevated sVEGFR-1, and reduced VEGF and PLGF in serum were independently associated with a low degree of coronary collateralization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased serum sVEGFR-1 level is associated with poor coronary collateralization in patients with stable CAD. Type 2 DM is a predominant factor affecting collateral growth in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Rui Yan
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Li Jin
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Pu
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zheng Kun
authors.initials: ZK
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Qiu Jing
authors.initials: QJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Wei Feng
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Shen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000072483:Placenta Growth Factor; D011257:Pregnancy Proteins / Q000097:blood; D011859:Radiography; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 / Q000097:blood*; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 / Q000097:blood; D040321:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-3 / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: C000608036:PGF protein, human; D011257:Pregnancy Proteins; D000072483:Placenta Growth Factor; C000588866:KDR protein, human; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2; D040321:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-3