title: Anti-diabetic effects of the acetone fraction of Senna singueana stem bark in a type 2 diabetes rat model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Senna singueana is currently used in the traditional treatment of diabetes mellitus in Nigeria. The present study examined the anti-diabetic activity of the Senna singueana acetone fraction (SSAF) of stem bark in a type 2 diabetes (T2D) rat model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Crude ethyl acetate extract of the Senna singueana stem bark was fractionated with various solvents and the acetone fraction was selected for in vivo studies based on the high α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities. In the in vivo study, male Sprague-Dawley rats were induced with T2D and treated with the SSAF at 150 and 300 mg/kg body weight. Several T2D-related parameters were measured in the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 4 weeks of intervention, non-fasting blood glucose concentrations were significantly decreased and the glucose tolerance ability was significantly improved in the SSAF treated groups compared to the diabetic control group. Serum insulin concentrations, pancreatic β-cell function (HOMA-β) and liver glycogen were significantly (P<0.05) increased while serum alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and urea were significantly decreased in the SSAF treated diabetic rats compared to the diabetic control group. Though insignificantly (P>0.05), other T2D-induced abnormalities such as food and fluid intake, body weight, serum lipids, serum fructosamine level and peripheral insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were also partially ameliorated by the SSAF treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Data of this study suggest that orally administered SSAF could ameliorate most of the T2D-induced abnormalities in a T2D model of rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Durban 4000, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Mohammed Auwal
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Durban 4000, South Africa. Electronic address: islamd@ukzn.ac.za.
authors.forename: M Shahidul
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Islam
mesh_terms: D000096:Acetone / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000818:Animals; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D024301:Plant Bark; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018547:Plant Stems; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D029846:Senna Plant
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D000096:Acetone
keywords: Absolute ethanol (CID 702); Dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) (CID 11873); Ethyl acetate (CID 8857); Hydrogen peroxide (CID 784); Maltose (CID 6255); Rats; Senna singueana; Starch (CID 439341); Streptozotocin (CID 29327); Type 2 diabetes; p-Nitrophenol (CID 980); p-Nitrophenyl-α-d-glucopyranoside (pNPG) (CID 11197369); α-Amylase; α-Amylase (E.C. 3.2.1.1); α-Glucosidase; α-Glucosidase (E.C. 3.2.1.20)