title: Smoking- and menstrual-related symptomatology during short-term smoking abstinence by menstrual phase and depressive symptoms.
abstract: Menstrual phase and depressive symptoms are known to minimize quit attempts in women. Therefore, the influence of these factors on smoking- and menstrual-related symptomatology during acute smoking cessation was investigated in a controlled cross-over lab-study. Participants (n=147) completed two six-day testing weeks during their menstrual cycle with testing order randomly assigned (follicular vs. luteal). The testing week consisted of two days of ad libitum smoking followed by four days of biochemically verified smoking abstinence. Daily symptomatology measures were collected. Out of the 11 total symptoms investigated, six were significantly associated with menstrual phase and nine were significantly associated with level of depressive symptoms. Two significant interactions were noted indicating that there may be a stronger association between depressive symptoms with negative affect and premenstrual pain during the follicular phase compared to the luteal phase. Overall, these observations suggest that during acute smoking abstinence in premenopausal smokers, there is an association between depressive symptoms and symptomatology whereas menstrual phase appears to have less of an effect. Further study is needed to determine the effect of these observations on smoking cessation outcomes, as well as to define the mechanism of menstrual phase and depressive symptoms on smoking-related symptomatology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine & Community Health Medical School, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street SE, Room A682, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.
authors.forename: Sharon S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine & Community Health, Medical School, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE, Room 422, Minneapolis, MN 55414, United States.
authors.forename: Alicia M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine & Community Health, Medical School, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE, Room 261, Minneapolis, MN 55414, United States.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tosun
authors.affiliation: Biostatistical Design and Analysis Center, Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE, Suite 132, Minneapolis, MN 55414, United States.
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lunos
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioral Sciences, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Duluth 1035 University Drive, 236 SMed, D601A, Duluth, MN 55812, United States.
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: al'Absi
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE, Room 256, Minneapolis, MN 55414, United States.
authors.forename: Dorothy
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hatsukami
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005498:Follicular Phase / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008183:Luteal Phase / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology; D008599:Menstruation Disturbances / Q000209:etiology*; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000523:psychology*; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000209:etiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Depressive symptoms; Menstrual cycle; Smoking cessation; Withdrawal