title: Validation of the Spanish version of the 9-item Shared Decision-Making Questionnaire.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To translate and assess the psychometric properties of the 9-item Shared Decision-Making Questionnaire (SDM-Q-9) for measuring patients' perceptions of how clinicians' performance fits the SDM process.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected in primary care health centres. Patients suffering from chronic diseases and facing a medical decision were included in the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The original German SDM-Q-9 was translated to Spanish using the process of cross-cultural adaptation of self-reported measures as the methodological model for Spanish translation. Reliability (internal consistency) and construct validity [exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA)] were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The final Spanish version of the SDM-Q-9 was tested in a primary care sample of 540 patients. The SDM-Q-9 presented adequate reliability and acceptable validity. Internal consistency yielded a Cronbach's alpha of 0.885 for the whole scale. EFA showed a two-factorial solution, and for the CFA, the best solution was obtained with a one-dimensional factor with the item 1 excluded, which produced the best indexes of fit.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Spanish version of the SDM-Q-9 showed adequate reliability and acceptable validity parameters among primary care patients. The SDM-Q-9 is suitable for use in Spain and other Spanish-speaking countries with similarly organized health-care systems. The use of the SDM-Q-9 may contribute to the evaluation of SDM process from the patient's perspective.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of La Laguna, Canary Islands, Spain.|Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), Tenerife, Spain.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: De las Cuevas
authors.affiliation: Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), Tenerife, Spain.|Evaluation Unit of the Canary Islands Health Service (SESCS), Tenerife, Spain.
authors.forename: Lilisbeth
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Perestelo-Perez
authors.affiliation: Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), Tenerife, Spain.|Canarian Foundation of Health and Research (FUNCIS), Tenerife, Spain.
authors.forename: Amado
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rivero-Santana
authors.affiliation: Universitat Jaume I, CIBEROBN Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Castellon de la Plana, Spain.
authors.forename: Ausiàs
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cebolla-Martí
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Scholl
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Härter
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003657:Decision Making; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010358:Patient Participation; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D011320:Primary Health Care; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013030:Spain; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014177:Translations; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Spain; patient involvement; psychometrics; questionnaires; shared decision making