title: Development of porous titanium for biomedical applications: A comparison between loose sintering and space-holder techniques.
abstract: One of the most important concerns in long-term prostheses is bone resorption as a result of the stress shielding due to stiffness mismatch between bone and implant. The aim of this study was to obtain porous titanium with stiffness values similar to that exhibited by cortical bone. Porous samples of commercial pure titanium grade-4 were obtained by following both loose-sintering processing and space-holder technique with NaCl between 40 and 70% in volume fraction. Both mechanical properties and porosity morphology were assessed. Young's modulus was measured using uniaxial compression testing, as well as ultrasound methodology. Complete characterization and mechanical testing results allowed us to determine some important findings: (i) optimal parameters for both processing routes; (ii) better mechanical response was obtained by using space-holder technique; (iii) pore geometry of loose sintering samples becomes more regular with increasing sintering temperature; in the case of the space-holder technique that trend was observed for decreasing volume fraction; (iv) most reliable Young's modulus measurements were achieved by ultrasound technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, E.T.S. de Ingenieros, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Camino de los Descubrimientos s/n., 41092 Sevilla, Spain. Electronic address: ytorres@us.es.
authors.forename: Yadir
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avda. Vicuña Mackenna N° 3939, San Joaquín, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Sheila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lascano
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad del Norte, Km. 5 via Pto. Colombia, Barranquilla, Colombia.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bris
authors.affiliation: Group of Advanced Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Bioengineering Program, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 67 No. 53-108, Medellín, Colombia.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pavón
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, E.T.S. de Ingenieros, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Camino de los Descubrimientos s/n., 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
authors.forename: José A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D019245:Compressive Strength; D055119:Elastic Modulus; D016062:Porosity; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties; D013696:Temperature; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D014025:Titanium
keywords: Biomedical application; Loose-powder sintering; Porous titanium; Powder metallurgy; Space holder