title: Aquatic ecotoxicity effect of engineered aminoclay nanoparticles.
abstract: In the present study the short term aquatic ecotoxicity of water-solubilized aminoclay nanoparticles (ANPs) of ~51±31 nm average hydrodynamic diameter was characterized. An ecotoxicological evaluation was carried out utilizing standard test organisms of different phyla and trophic levels namely the eukaryotic microalga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, the crustacean Daphnia magna and the bioluminescent marine bacteria Vibrio fisheri. The effective inhibitory concentration (EC50) with 95% confidence limits for the microalga was 1.29 mg/L (0.72-1.82) for the average growth rate and 0.26 mg/L (0.23-0.31) for the cell yield. The entrapping of algal cells in aggregates of ANP may play a major role in the growth inhibition of algae P. subcapitata. No inhibition was observed for V. fisheri up to 25,000 mg/L (no observed effect concentration; NOEC). For D. magna no immobilization was observed in a limit test with 100 mg/L in 24 h while in 48 h a single animal was immobilized (5% inhibition). Correspondingly, the NOEC of ANP in 24 h was 100 mg/L and the lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) for 48 h was 100 mg/L. Therefore it can be considered to use ANP as an algal-inhibition agent at concentrations <100 mg/L without affecting or only mildly affecting other organisms including zooplanktons, but further studies on the environmental fate and chronic toxicity of ANP is needed to confirm this.
authors.affiliation: Department of Beauty and Cosmetology, Graduate School of Industry, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Moon-Hee
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Miljøvej, B113, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
authors.forename: Yuhoon
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Division of Materials Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Uk
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Clean Fuel Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Bohwa
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Testing and Certification Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Go-Woon
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Clean Fuel Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: You-Kwan
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Miljøvej, B113, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
authors.forename: Henrik R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, Republic of Korea; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (BK21 program), KAIST, 291 Daehakno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: dreamdbs@kaist.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Young-Chul
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yun Suk
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Huh
mesh_terms: D048908:Aliivibrio fischeri / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D000460:Chlorophyta / Q000187:drug effects*; D003621:Daphnia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D054750:Ecotoxicology; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014867:Water
keywords: Aminoclay; Daphnia magna; Ecotoxicity; Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata; Vibrio fischeri