title: (68)Ga-NOTA-CHSg and (99m)Tc-CHSg Labeled Microspheres for Lung Perfusion and Liver Radiomicrospheres Therapy Planning.
abstract: Fast biodegradable (12 h < half-life < 48 h) radioactive labeled microspheres are needed for PET and SPECT lung perfusion and radiomicrosphere therapy planning. An emulsion method was used to create 30.1 ±4.8  μ m size range microspheres with biodegradable Chitosan glycol (CHSg). Microspheres were characterized and labeled with (99m)Tc or (68)Ga as an alternative to MAA in perfusion PET and SPECT studies. Surface decoration of CHSg microspheres with p-SCN-Bn-NOTA was performed to increase (68)Ga  in vivo stability. (99m)Tc was labeled directly to the CHSg microspheres. Labeling yield and in vitro radiochemical stability were evaluated. In vitro CHSg microsphere degradation half-life was ~24 hours in porcine blood. Labeled microspheres were injected into Sprague Dawley rats and biodistribution was determined after 2 and 4 hours. Both (99m)Tc-CHSg and (68)Ga-NOTA-CHSg were quickly allocated in the lungs after injection. (99m)Tc-CHSg showed 91.6 ± 6.5% and 83.2 ± 4.1% of the decay corrected injected activity remaining in the lungs after 2 and 4 hours, respectively. For the obtained (68)Ga-NOTA-CHSg microspheres, lung allocation was very high with 98.9 ± 0.2% and 95.6 ± 0.9% after 2 and 4 hours, respectively. The addition of p-SCN-Bn-NOTA acts as a radioprotectant eliminating the released (68)Ga activity from the lungs to the bladder protecting the other organs.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Engineering Department, Florida International University, 10555 West Flagler Street, EC 2614, Miami, FL 33174, USA ; Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, 1240 SW 108 Avenue, Path, University Park, FL 33174, USA.
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amor-Coarasa
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Engineering Department, Florida International University, 10555 West Flagler Street, EC 2614, Miami, FL 33174, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Milera
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Engineering Department, Florida International University, 10555 West Flagler Street, EC 2614, Miami, FL 33174, USA ; Mount Sinai Medical Center, 4300 Alton Road, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA.
authors.forename: Denny
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1584-5474
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Carvajal
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Engineering Department, Florida International University, 10555 West Flagler Street, EC 2614, Miami, FL 33174, USA ; Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, 1240 SW 108 Avenue, Path, University Park, FL 33174, USA ; Jackson North Medical Center, 160 NW 170th Street, North Miami Beach, FL 33169, USA.
authors.forename: Seza
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gulec
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Engineering Department, Florida International University, 10555 West Flagler Street, EC 2614, Miami, FL 33174, USA.
authors.forename: Jared
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leichner
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Engineering Department, Florida International University, 10555 West Flagler Street, EC 2614, Miami, FL 33174, USA.
authors.forename: Anthony J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: McGoron