title: Cloning, functional characterization and nutritional regulation of Δ6 fatty acyl desaturase in the herbivorous euryhaline teleost Scatophagus argus.
abstract: Marine fish are generally unable or have low ability for the biosynthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) from C18 PUFA precursors, with some notable exceptions including the herbivorous marine teleost Siganus canaliculatus in which such a capability was recently demonstrated. To determine whether this is a unique feature of S. canaliculatus or whether it is common to the herbivorous marine teleosts, LC-PUFA biosynthetic pathways were investigated in the herbivorous euryhaline Scatophagus argus. A putative desaturase gene was cloned and functionally characterized, and tissue expression and nutritional regulation were investigated. The full-length cDNA was 1972 bp, containing a 1338 bp open-reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 445 amino acids, which possessed all the characteristic features of fatty acyl desaturase (Fad). Functional characterization by heterologous expression in yeast showed the protein product of the cDNA efficiently converted 18:3n-3 and 18:2n-6 to 18:4n-3 and 18:3n-6, respectively, indicating Δ6 desaturation activity. Quantitative real-time PCR showed that highest Δ6 fad mRNA expression was detected in liver followed by brain, with lower expression in other tissues including intestine, eye, muscle, adipose, heart kidney and gill, and lowest expression in stomach and spleen. The expression of Δ6 fad was significantly affected by dietary lipid and, especially, fatty acid composition, with highest expression of mRNA in liver of fish fed a diet with a ratio of 18:3n-3/18:2n-6 of 1.72:1. The results indicated that S. argus may have a different LC-PUFA biosynthetic system from S. canaliculatus despite possessing similar habitats and feeding habits suggesting that LC-PUFA biosynthesis may not be common to all marine herbivorous teleosts.
authors.affiliation: Marine Biology Institute of Shantou University & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Dizhi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Marine Biology Institute of Shantou University & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Marine Biology Institute of Shantou University & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Siyuan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Marine Biology Institute of Shantou University & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Shuqi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Marine Biology Institute of Shantou University & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Cuihong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: You
authors.affiliation: Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Óscar
authors.initials: Ó
authors.lastname: Monroig
authors.affiliation: Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Douglas R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Tocher
authors.affiliation: Marine Biology Institute of Shantou University & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Yuanyou
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005399:Fishes / Q000502:physiology; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D060434:Herbivory; D006801:Humans; D050602:Linoleoyl-CoA Desaturase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D050602:Linoleoyl-CoA Desaturase