title: Excision of Mullerian duct remnant for persistent Mullerian duct syndrome provides favorable short- and mid-term outcomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In dealing with persistent Mullerian duct syndrome (PMDS), excision of Mullerian duct remnant (MDR) has been rarely mentioned in the past, but recent discussions have taken place. This study aimed to evaluate the operative feasibility and outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three patients with PMDS operated on with excision of MDR between 2000 and 2009 were enrolled. Medical records were retrospectively collected and reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bilateral undescended testis was manifested in all cases. Two patients presented with incarcerated hernia, requiring emergency herniorrhaphy at the ages of 6 months and 10 days, respectively. Reconstruction comprising simultaneous MDR excision and orchiopexy was made at the age of 1 year. MDR was incidentally found in another patient during operation for undescended testis. Immediate reconstruction was accomplished. Follow-up periods were 12.0, 3.5, and 2.5 years, respectively. Worse outcomes were noted on the two testes with repeated operations for incarcerated hernias, whereas the outcomes on the other four testes with a single operation were favorable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Excision of MDR is technically feasible, and provides favorable outcomes in cases of a single operation. For experienced surgeons, immediate reconstruction should be the priority when this abnormality is incidentally encountered at an age suitable for orchiopexy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: nienlu.wang@msa.hinet.net.
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Ting
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Y C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Y W
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Fu
mesh_terms: D003456:Cryptorchidism / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D058490:Disorder of Sex Development, 46,XY / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006552:Hernia, Inguinal / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009095:Mullerian Ducts / Q000601:surgery*; D056126:Orchiopexy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Inguinal hernia; Mullerian duct anomaly; Persistent Mullerian duct syndrome; Undescended testis