title: Exposure to diflubenzuron results in an up-regulation of a chitin synthase 1 gene in citrus red mite, Panonychus citri (Acari: Tetranychidae).
abstract: Chitin synthase synthesizes chitin, which is critical for the arthropod exoskeleton. In this study, we cloned the cDNA sequences of a chitin synthase 1 gene, PcCHS1, in the citrus red mite, Panonychus citri (McGregor), which is one of the most economically important pests of citrus worldwide. The full-length cDNA of PcCHS1 contains an open reading frame of 4605 bp of nucleotides, which encodes a protein of 1535 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular mass of 175.0 kDa. A phylogenetic analysis showed that PcCHS1 was most closely related to CHS1 from Tetranychus urticae. During P. citri development, PcCHS1 was constantly expressed in all stages but highly expressed in the egg stage (114.8-fold higher than in the adult). When larvae were exposed to diflubenzuron (DFB) for 6 h, the mite had a significantly high mortality rate, and the mRNA expression levels of PcCHS1 were significantly enhanced. These results indicate a promising use of DFB to control P. citri, by possibly acting as an inhibitor in chitin synthesis as indicated by the up-regulation of PcCHS1 after exposure to DFB.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China. xiawenkai0409@126.com.
authors.forename: Wen-Kai
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China. dingdingsky315@126.com.
authors.forename: Tian-Bo
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China. jinzhiniu@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Jin-Zhi
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China. leochongyu@163.com.
authors.forename: Chong-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China. zhongrui19890326@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China. yangwenjia10@126.com.
authors.forename: Wen-Jia
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China. lexylexylexy@163.com.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China. anwdou@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Dou
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China. wangjinjun@swu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jin-Jun
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D060829:Arthropod Proteins / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D002687:Chitin Synthase / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D002957:Citrus / Q000469:parasitology; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004132:Diflubenzuron / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D008925:Mites / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D060829:Arthropod Proteins; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D002687:Chitin Synthase; D004132:Diflubenzuron