title: Current developments in groundwater ecology--from biodiversity to ecosystem function and services.
abstract: Groundwater ecosystems constitute the largest terrestrial freshwater biome. They are dark, extremely low in energy and do not provide much space but they contain an unexpectedly high diversity of living forms showing characteristic adaptive features. The restricted accessibility along with the enormous 'invisible' heterogeneity challenged for a long time testing of scientific theories and unraveling of ecosystem functioning. Triggered by an improved interdisciplinarity, comprehensive sampling strategies and current developments in biotechnology and statistical analysis, groundwater ecology gains momentum entering a new era of research. We are only beginning to understand adaptive mechanisms, species distribution patterns and ecosystem functioning. Ninety-five percent of global liquid freshwater is stored in the terrestrial subsurface constituting a major source of water for drinking, irrigation and industrial purposes. There is an urgent need to integrate evolutionary and ecological research for developing a holistic perspective of the functional roles of biodiversity and ecosystem services and predicting global changes under alternative groundwater resource use scenarios.
authors.affiliation: Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, Neuherberg D-85764, Germany. Electronic address: christian.griebler@helmholtz-muenchen.de.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Griebler
authors.affiliation: Université de Lyon, UMR 5023, Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, Université Lyon 1, ENTPE, CNRS, 6 rue Raphaël Dubois, Villeurbanne 69622, France.
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Malard
authors.affiliation: Université de Lyon, UMR 5023, Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, Université Lyon 1, ENTPE, CNRS, 6 rue Raphaël Dubois, Villeurbanne 69622, France.
authors.forename: Tristan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lefébure
mesh_terms: D044822:Biodiversity; D005075:Biological Evolution; D001709:Biotechnology; D060766:Drinking Water; D004463:Ecology; D017753:Ecosystem; D060587:Groundwater; D014881:Water Supply
chemical_list: D060766:Drinking Water