title: Takotsubo cardiomyopathy and acute infectious diseases: a mini-review of case reports.
abstract: Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC), also defined as "stress cardiomyopathy," is characterized by a systolic dysfunction localized in the apical and medial left ventricles. Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is more prevalent in females and it is usually related to an event triggered by physical or emotional stress. We systematically explored PubMed and Embase medical information source to identify case reports showing association between infection and TTC. For each kind of infection, we collected a set of data, including pathogen, site of infection, clinical outcome, patient age and sex, and author and year of publication. We found 26 articles dealing with 27 case reports (74% women). The mean age was 61.4 ± 13.7 years and bacterial infections were more frequent (n = 23, 85.2%). In 14 cases, there was a culture-based definition of the bacterial strain: gram+ in 8 cases (57.1%) and gram- in 6 cases (42.9%). Clinical outcome was always favorable.
authors.affiliation: Clinica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Giorgi
authors.affiliation: Clinica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fabbian
authors.affiliation: Clinica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pala
authors.affiliation: Clinica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Parisi
authors.affiliation: Clinica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Misurati
authors.affiliation: Clinica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Molino
authors.affiliation: Clinica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: Arrigo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boccafogli
authors.affiliation: Clinica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: Ruana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tiseo
authors.affiliation: Second Internal Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: Susanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gamberini
authors.affiliation: Second Internal Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: Raffaella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Salmi
authors.affiliation: Clinica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Portaluppi
authors.affiliation: Clinica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy roberto.manfredini@unife.it.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Manfredini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000628:therapy / Q000821:virology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D054549:Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000628:therapy / Q000821:virology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy / Q000821:virology*
keywords: bacteria; infectious diseases; sepsis; takotsubo cardiomyopathy; virus