title: Portal vein thrombosis in liver cirrhosis.
abstract: Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is considered to be a frequent complication of liver cirrhosis. However, unlike PVT in patients without cirrhosis, very few data are available on the natural history and management of PVT in cirrhosis, despite its association with potentially life-threatening conditions, such as gastroesophageal bleeding and acute intestinal ischemia. Moreover, no consensus regarding PVT in cirrhosis exists. Suggested causes of PVT in cirrhosis include reduced portal blood flow velocity, multiple congenital or acquired thrombophilic factors, inherited or acquired conditions, and derangement of liver architecture. However, the understanding of PVT in cirrhosis is incomplete. In addition, information on the management of PVT in cirrhosis is inadequate. The aims of this review are to: (1) assemble data on the physiopathological mechanism, clinical findings, diagnosis and management of PVT in cirrhosis; (2) describe the principal factors most frequently involved in PVT development; and (3) summarize the recent knowledge concerning diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.
authors.affiliation: Nao Kinjo, Hirofumi Kawanaka, Tomohiko Akahoshi, Yoshihiro Matsumoto, Masahiro Kamori, Yoshihiro Nagao, Naotaka Hashimoto, Hideo Uehara, Morimasa Tomikawa, Ken Shirabe, Yoshihiko Maehara, Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Nao
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kinjo
authors.affiliation: Nao Kinjo, Hirofumi Kawanaka, Tomohiko Akahoshi, Yoshihiro Matsumoto, Masahiro Kamori, Yoshihiro Nagao, Naotaka Hashimoto, Hideo Uehara, Morimasa Tomikawa, Ken Shirabe, Yoshihiko Maehara, Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawanaka
authors.affiliation: Nao Kinjo, Hirofumi Kawanaka, Tomohiko Akahoshi, Yoshihiro Matsumoto, Masahiro Kamori, Yoshihiro Nagao, Naotaka Hashimoto, Hideo Uehara, Morimasa Tomikawa, Ken Shirabe, Yoshihiko Maehara, Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomohiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akahoshi
authors.affiliation: Nao Kinjo, Hirofumi Kawanaka, Tomohiko Akahoshi, Yoshihiro Matsumoto, Masahiro Kamori, Yoshihiro Nagao, Naotaka Hashimoto, Hideo Uehara, Morimasa Tomikawa, Ken Shirabe, Yoshihiko Maehara, Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.affiliation: Nao Kinjo, Hirofumi Kawanaka, Tomohiko Akahoshi, Yoshihiro Matsumoto, Masahiro Kamori, Yoshihiro Nagao, Naotaka Hashimoto, Hideo Uehara, Morimasa Tomikawa, Ken Shirabe, Yoshihiko Maehara, Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kamori
authors.affiliation: Nao Kinjo, Hirofumi Kawanaka, Tomohiko Akahoshi, Yoshihiro Matsumoto, Masahiro Kamori, Yoshihiro Nagao, Naotaka Hashimoto, Hideo Uehara, Morimasa Tomikawa, Ken Shirabe, Yoshihiko Maehara, Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nagao
authors.affiliation: Nao Kinjo, Hirofumi Kawanaka, Tomohiko Akahoshi, Yoshihiro Matsumoto, Masahiro Kamori, Yoshihiro Nagao, Naotaka Hashimoto, Hideo Uehara, Morimasa Tomikawa, Ken Shirabe, Yoshihiko Maehara, Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Naotaka
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.affiliation: Nao Kinjo, Hirofumi Kawanaka, Tomohiko Akahoshi, Yoshihiro Matsumoto, Masahiro Kamori, Yoshihiro Nagao, Naotaka Hashimoto, Hideo Uehara, Morimasa Tomikawa, Ken Shirabe, Yoshihiko Maehara, Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Uehara
authors.affiliation: Nao Kinjo, Hirofumi Kawanaka, Tomohiko Akahoshi, Yoshihiro Matsumoto, Masahiro Kamori, Yoshihiro Nagao, Naotaka Hashimoto, Hideo Uehara, Morimasa Tomikawa, Ken Shirabe, Yoshihiko Maehara, Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Morimasa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tomikawa
authors.affiliation: Nao Kinjo, Hirofumi Kawanaka, Tomohiko Akahoshi, Yoshihiro Matsumoto, Masahiro Kamori, Yoshihiro Nagao, Naotaka Hashimoto, Hideo Uehara, Morimasa Tomikawa, Ken Shirabe, Yoshihiko Maehara, Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shirabe
authors.affiliation: Nao Kinjo, Hirofumi Kawanaka, Tomohiko Akahoshi, Yoshihiro Matsumoto, Masahiro Kamori, Yoshihiro Nagao, Naotaka Hashimoto, Hideo Uehara, Morimasa Tomikawa, Ken Shirabe, Yoshihiko Maehara, Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Maehara
keywords: Anticoagulation; Liver cirrhosis; Portal vein thrombosis; Splenectomy; Thrombophilic factors