title: Acute neuromuscular and metabolic responses to combined strength and endurance loadings: the "order effect" in recreationally endurance trained runners.
abstract: The study examined the acute neuromuscular and metabolic responses and recovery (24 and 48 h) to combined strength and endurance sessions (SEs). Recreationally endurance trained men (n = 12) and women (n = 10) performed: endurance running followed immediately by a strength loading (combined endurance and strength session (ES)) and the reverse order (SE). Maximal strength (MVC), countermovement jump height (CMJ), and creatine kinase activity were measured pre-, mid-, post-loading and at 24 and 48 h of recovery. MVC and CMJ were decreased (P < 0.05) at post-ES and SE sessions in men. Only MVC decreased in ES and SE women (P < 0.05). During recovery, no order differences in MVC were observed between sessions in men, but MVC and CMJ remained decreased. During recovery in women, a delayed decrease in CMJ was observed in ES but not in SE (P < 0.01), while MVC returned to baseline at 24 h. Creatine kinase increased (P < 0.05) during both ES and SE and peaked in all groups at 24 h. The present combined ES and SE sessions induced greater neuromuscular fatigue at post in men than in women. The delayed fatigue response in ES women may be an order effect related to muscle damage.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biology of Physical Activity , University of Jyväskylä , Jyväskylä , Finland.
authors.forename: Ritva S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Taipale
authors.forename: Moritz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schumann
authors.forename: Jussi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mikkola
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nyman
authors.forename: Heikki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kyröläinen
authors.forename: Ari
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nummela
authors.forename: Keijo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Häkkinen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood; D004576:Electromyography; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018763:Muscle Fatigue / Q000502:physiology*; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D010806:Physical Education and Training / Q000379:methods*; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology*; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000379:methods; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D019344:Lactic Acid; D003402:Creatine Kinase