title: Toluene removal from sandy soils via in situ technologies with an emphasis on factors influencing soil vapor extraction.
abstract: The integration of bioventing (BV) and soil vapor extraction (SVE) appears to be an effective combination method for soil decontamination. This paper serves two main purposes: it evaluates the effects of soil water content (SWC) and air flow rate on SVE and it investigates the transition regime between BV and SVE for toluene removal from sandy soils. 96 hours after air injection, more than 97% removal efficiency was achieved in all five experiments (carried out for SVE) including 5, 10, and 15% for SWC and 250 and 500 mL/min for air flow rate on SVE. The highest removal efficiency (>99.5%) of toluene was obtained by the combination of BV and SVE (AIBV: Air Injection Bioventing) after 96 h of air injection at a constant flow rate of 250 mL/min. It was found that AIBV has the highest efficiency for toluene removal from sandy soils and can remediate the vadose zone effectively to meet the soil guideline values for protection of groundwater.
authors.affiliation: Environment Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Mehdi
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Amin
authors.affiliation: Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Sadegh
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Hatamipour
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Fariborz
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9169-5527
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Momenbeik
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
authors.forename: Heshmatollah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nourmoradi
authors.affiliation: Environment Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Marzieh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Farhadkhani
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health, Shahr-e-kord University of Medical Sciences, Rahmatieh, P.O. Box 88155-383, Shahr-e-kord, Iran.
authors.forename: Fazel
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mohammadi-Moghadam
mesh_terms: D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000379:methods*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry*; D014050:Toluene / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014050:Toluene