title: Isolation and molecular characterization of a novel picornavirus from baitfish in the USA.
abstract: During both regulatory and routine surveillance sampling of baitfish from the states of Illinois, Minnesota, Montana, and Wisconsin, USA, isolates (n = 20) of a previously unknown picornavirus were obtained from kidney/spleen or entire viscera of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) and brassy minnows (Hybognathus hankinsoni). Following the appearance of a diffuse cytopathic effect, examination of cell culture supernatant by negative contrast electron microscopy revealed the presence of small, round virus particles (∼ 30-32 nm), with picornavirus-like morphology. Amplification and sequence analysis of viral RNA identified the agent as a novel member of the Picornaviridae family, tentatively named fathead minnow picornavirus (FHMPV). The full FHMPV genome consisted of 7834 nucleotides. Phylogenetic analysis based on 491 amino acid residues of the 3D gene showed 98.6% to 100% identity among the 20 isolates of FHMPV compared in this study while only 49.5% identity with its nearest neighbor, the bluegill picornavirus (BGPV) isolated from bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus). Based on complete polyprotein analysis, the FHMPV shared 58% (P1), 33% (P2) and 43% (P3) amino acid identities with BGPV and shared less than 40% amino acid identity with all other picornaviruses. Hence, we propose the creation of a new genus (Piscevirus) within the Picornaviridae family. The impact of FHMPV on the health of fish populations is unknown at present.
authors.affiliation: Minnesota Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America ; University of Minnesota, Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America.
authors.forename: Nicholas B D
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Phelps
authors.affiliation: Minnesota Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America.
authors.forename: Sunil K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Mor
authors.affiliation: Minnesota Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America ; University of Minnesota, Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America.
authors.forename: Anibal G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Armien
authors.affiliation: U.S. Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Batts
authors.affiliation: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Portland, Oregon, United States of America.
authors.forename: Andrew E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Goodwin
authors.affiliation: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Bozeman Fish Health Center, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America.
authors.forename: Lacey
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hopper
authors.affiliation: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, La Crosse Fish Health Center, Onalaska, Wisconsin, United States of America.
authors.forename: Rebekah
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McCann
authors.affiliation: Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California, United States of America ; University of California, Department of Laboratory Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Terry Fei Fan
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.affiliation: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, La Crosse Fish Health Center, Onalaska, Wisconsin, United States of America.
authors.forename: Corey
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Puzach
authors.affiliation: University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America.
authors.forename: Thomas B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Waltzek
authors.affiliation: Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California, United States of America ; University of California, Department of Laboratory Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Delwart
authors.affiliation: U.S. Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Winton
authors.affiliation: Minnesota Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America ; University of Minnesota, Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America.
authors.forename: Sagar M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Goyal
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D003530:Cyprinidae; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000821:virology*; D006114:Great Lakes Region; D008854:Microscopy, Electron / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009009:Montana; D010802:Phylogeny; D010849:Picornaviridae / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D010850:Picornaviridae Infections / Q000662:veterinary*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017385:Sequence Homology; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D012367:RNA, Viral