title: An international age- and gender-controlled model for the Spinal Cord Injury Ability Realization Measurement Index (SCI-ARMI).
abstract: Background. A quadratic formula of the Spinal Cord Injury Ability Realization Measurement Index (SCI-ARMI) has previously been published. This formula was based on a model of Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM95), the 95th percentile of the SCIM III values, which correspond with the American Spinal Injury Association Motor Scores (AMS) of SCI patients. Objective. To further develop the original formula. Setting. Spinal cord injury centers from 6 countries and the Statistical Laboratory, Tel-Aviv University, Israel. Methods. SCIM95 of 661 SCI patients was modeled, using a quantile regression with or without adjustment for age and gender, to calculate SCI-ARMI values. SCI-ARMI gain during rehabilitation and its correlations were examined. Results. A new quadratic SCIM95 model was created. This resembled the previously published model, which yielded similar SCIM95 values in all the countries, after adjustment for age and gender. Without this adjustment, however, only 86% of the non-Israeli SCIM III observations were lower than those SCIM95 values (P < .0001). Adding the variables age and gender to the new model affected the SCIM95 value significantly (P < .04). Adding country information did not add a significant effect (P > .1). SCI-ARMI gain was positive (38.8 ± 22 points, P < .0001) and correlated weakly with admission age and AMS. Conclusions. The original quadratic SCI-ARMI formula is valid for an international population after adjustment for age and gender. The new formula considers more factors that affect functional ability following SCI.
authors.affiliation: IRCCS S Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Scivoletto
authors.affiliation: North West Regional Spinal Injuries Centre, Southport, UK.
authors.forename: Clive
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Glass
authors.affiliation: University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Kim D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.affiliation: Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Tal
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Galili
authors.affiliation: Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Yoav
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Benjamin
authors.affiliation: Loewenstein Rehabilitation Hospital, Raanana, Israel.
authors.forename: Lilach
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Front
authors.affiliation: Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel Loewenstein Rehabilitation Hospital, Raanana, Israel.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Aidinoff
authors.affiliation: Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel Loewenstein Rehabilitation Hospital, Raanana, Israel.
authors.forename: Vadim
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bluvshtein
authors.affiliation: Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel Loewenstein Rehabilitation Hospital, Raanana, Israel.
authors.forename: Malka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Itzkovich
authors.affiliation: Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aito
authors.affiliation: Montecatone Rehabilitation Institute, Imola (BO), Italy.
authors.forename: Ilaria
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Baroncini
authors.affiliation: Institut Guttmann, Hospital de Neurorehabilitació, Institut Universitari adscrit a la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Jesùs
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Benito-Penalva
authors.affiliation: UOC A S Unità Spinale Unipolare, Ospedale CTO, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Castellano
authors.affiliation: Midlands Centre for Spinal Injuries, Oswestry, UK.
authors.forename: Aheed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Osman
authors.affiliation: Centro de Medicina de Reabilitação da Região Centro-Rovisco Pais (CMRRC-RP) Tocha, Portugal.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel Loewenstein Rehabilitation Hospital, Raanana, Israel amcatz@post.tau.ac.il.
authors.forename: Amiram
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Catz
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007391:International Cooperation; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*
keywords: AIS motor scores; SCI-ARMI; SCIM; spinal cord injury; spinal cord lesion