title: Autophagic cell death and cancer.
abstract: Programmed cell death (PCD) is a crucial process required for the normal development and physiology of metazoans. The three major mechanisms that induce PCD are called type I (apoptosis), type II (autophagic cell death), and type III (necrotic cell death). Dysfunctional PCD leads to diseases such as cancer and neurodegeneration. Although apoptosis is the most common form of PCD, recent studies have provided evidence that there are other forms of cell death. One of such cell death is autophagic cell death, which occurs via the activation of autophagy. The present review summarizes recent knowledge about autophagic cell death and discusses the relationship with tumorigenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan. shimizu.pcb@mri.tmd.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Shigeomi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan. yoshida.pcb@mri.tmd.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Tatsushi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan. tsujioka.pcb@mri.tmd.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Masatsune
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsujioka
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan. arako.pcb@mri.tmd.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Satoko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arakawa
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D001343:Autophagy; D000071187:Autophagy-Related Protein 5; D006801:Humans; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: C502778:ATG5 protein, human; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D000071187:Autophagy-Related Protein 5; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases