title: Nanofiber-reinforced myocardial tissue-construct as ventricular assist device.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to create a myocardial tissue construct by tissue engineering to repair, replace, and regenerate damaged cardiac tissue.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Human cardiac muscles harvested from a homograft heart retrieval system were decellularized followed by coating with electrospun nanofibers to make them amenable to scaffolding. These processed cardiac tissues were nourished in modified media having ischemic cardiac tissue conditioned media in 6 separate experimental variants, and cord blood mononuclear cells were injected into 4 of them. On the 17th day of culture, the nanofiber-coated scaffolds injected with mononuclear cells and/or reinforced by electrical and mechanical forces, started contracting spontaneously at varying rates, while the control remain noncontractile. Histological staining confirmed the pre-culture acellularity as well as post-culture stem cell viability, and revealed expression of troponin I and cardiac myosin. The acellular processed scaffold when implanted into sheep ischemic myocardial apex revealed transformation into sheep myocardium after 4 months of implantation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results provide direct evidence for the re-cellularization of decellularized cardiac tissue grafts reinforced with a polymer nanofiber coating, by human mononuclear cells injection, leading to generation of a tissue-engineered myocardial construct.
authors.affiliation: Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India husun1971@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Soma
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guhathakurta
authors.affiliation: International Centre for Cardiothoracic and Vascular Diseases, Frontier Lifeline Hospital, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: Santosh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mathapati
authors.affiliation: International Centre for Cardiothoracic and Vascular Diseases, Frontier Lifeline Hospital, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: Dillip Kumar
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Bishi
authors.affiliation: Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: Suneel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rallapalli
authors.affiliation: International Centre for Cardiothoracic and Vascular Diseases, Frontier Lifeline Hospital, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: Kotturathu Mammen
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Cherian
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D024722:Cardiac Myosins / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D036101:Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D006353:Heart-Assist Devices; D006801:Humans; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D057139:Nanofibers; D050997:Nanomedicine / Q000379:methods*; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D012038:Regeneration; D013997:Time Factors; D046509:Tissue Culture Techniques; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D019210:Troponin I / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D019210:Troponin I; D024722:Cardiac Myosins
keywords: Heart failure; heart ventricles; prostheses and implants; regenerative medicine; stem cells; tissue engineering