title: Prognostic importance of self-reported traits/problems/strengths and environmental barriers/facilitators for predicting participation outcomes in persons with traumatic brain injury: a systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To conduct a systematic review of the prognostic value of self-reported traits/problems/strengths and environmental barriers/facilitators for participation outcomes in persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Articles published through August 15, 2013, obtained by conducting electronic searches of PubMed, PsycINFO, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature databases and a review of reference lists of reviewed articles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Reviewed articles were written in English and presented findings on adult humans with TBI, participation outcomes, and ≥ 1 self-reported trait/problem/strength (eg, depression, pain, coping style) and/or ≥ 1 environment barrier/facilitator (eg, social support, family functioning, access to services).
  
  
  METHODS
  Each of the 996 abstracts was examined by 2 reviewers, and those failing to meet all inclusion criteria were excluded. Data were extracted from the 63 retained articles by 2 independent reviewers, who met to resolve any differences in study quality rating or evidence recorded. Study quality was determined using American Academy of Neurology (AAN) criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Conclusions regarding prognostic importance of self-report and environmental barrier/facilitator variables were made using AAN criteria. Conclusions regarding barrier/facilitator variables indicated that access to transportation, access to services, and participation in social interaction were possibly predictive of employment outcome, whereas living arrangements and social support were possibly not predictive of employment outcome. Conclusions regarding self-report variables indicated that the number of postconcussive symptoms, fatigue, and physical competence were probably predictive of employment and need for supervision, whereas self-efficacy was probably not predictive of employment. Subjective well-being, pain, and social interaction were possibly predictive of employment, whereas coping style was possibly not predictive.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although additional investigation is needed, self-report variables are likely to make important contributions to predicting participation outcomes. Future research should be guided by coherent conceptual models and use a consistent set of assessment instruments to facilitate comparisons between studies.
authors.affiliation: TIRR Memorial Hermann, Houston, TX; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX. Electronic address: Mark.Sherer@memorialhermann.org.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sherer
authors.affiliation: TIRR Memorial Hermann, Houston, TX; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
authors.forename: Lynne C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.affiliation: TIRR Memorial Hermann, Houston, TX; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
authors.forename: Angelle M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Sander
authors.affiliation: TIRR Memorial Hermann, Houston, TX; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
authors.forename: Jerome S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Caroselli
authors.affiliation: TIRR Memorial Hermann, Houston, TX; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
authors.forename: Allison N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.affiliation: Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX.
authors.forename: Nicholas J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Pastorek
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004777:Environment; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005195:Family Relations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D057566:Self Report; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Brain injuries; Community integration; Rehabilitation; Review [publication type]; Self report