title: Impact of respiratory motion on breast tangential radiotherapy using the field-in-field technique compared to irradiation using physical wedges.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aimed to evaluate whether the field-in-field (FIF) technique was more vulnerable to the impact of respiratory motion than irradiation using physical wedges (PWs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten patients with early stage breast cancer were enrolled. Computed tomography (CT) was performed during free breathing (FB). After the FB-CT data set acquisition, 2 additional CT scans were obtained during a held breath after light inhalation (IN) and light exhalation (EX). Based on the FB-CT images, 2 different treatment plans were created for the entire breast for each patient and copied to the IN-CT and EX-CT images. The amount of change in the volume of the target receiving 107%, 95%, and 90% of the prescription dose (V107%, V95%, and V90%, respectively), on the IN-plan and EX-plan compared with the FB-plan were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The V107%, V95%, and V90% were significantly larger for the IN-plan than for the FB-plan in both the FIF technique and PW technique. While the amount of change in the V107% was significantly smaller in the FIF than in the PW plan, the amount of change in the V95% and V90% was significantly larger in the FIF plan. Thus, the increase in the V107% was smaller while the increases in the V95% and V90% were larger in the FIF than in the PW plan.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  During respiratory motion, the dose parameters stay within acceptable range irrespective of irradiation technique used although the amount of change in dose parameters was smaller with FIF technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Gifu University Hospital, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidekazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Gifu University Hospital, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Gifu University Hospital, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohtakara
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Gifu University Hospital, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hoshi
keywords: breast cancer; field-in-field technique; radiotherapy; respiratory motion