title: Ferulic acid 5-hydroxylase 1 is essential for expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis-associated genes and anthocyanin accumulation under photooxidative stress in Arabidopsis.
abstract: Anthocyanins are important for preventing photoinhibition and photodamage. By comprehensive reverse genetic analysis of chloroplast-produced H2O2-responsive genes, we isolated here an anthocyanin-deficient mutant under photooxidative stress, which lacked ferulate 5-hydroxylase 1 (FAH1) involved in the phenylpropanoid pathway. Interestingly, the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis-associated genes was also inhibited in this mutant. These findings suggest that FAH1 is essential for expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis-associated genes and anthocyanin accumulation under photooxidative stress in Arabidopsis. Furthermore, we found that estrogen-inducible silencing of thylakoid membrane-bound ascorbate peroxidase, which is a major H2O2-scavenging enzyme in chloroplasts, enhances the expression of FAH1 and anthocyanin biosynthesis-associated genes and accumulation of anthocyanin without any application of stress. Thus, it is likely that chloroplastic H2O2 activates FAH1 expression to induce anthocyanin accumulation for protecting cells from photooxidative stress.
authors.affiliation: Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan; Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan.
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maruta
authors.affiliation: Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan.
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Noshi
authors.affiliation: Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan.
authors.forename: Maki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan.
authors.forename: Shun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.affiliation: Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan.
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tamoi
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan.
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan. Electronic address: shigeoka@nara.kindai.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shigeoka
mesh_terms: D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002736:Chloroplasts / Q000378:metabolism; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000378:metabolism*; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D008027:Light; D018384:Oxidative Stress
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; C097486:CYP84A1 protein, Arabidopsis
keywords: Anthocyanin; Ferulic acid 5-hydroxylase 1; Phenylpropanoid pathway; Photooxidative stress; Reactive oxygen species