title: Dietary exposure assessment of Spanish citizens to hexabromocyclododecane through the diet.
abstract: A study was performed to assess exposure of the Spanish population to hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD). Based on consumption data statistics, food items from six food groups, i.e., fish and seafood, meat, animal fat, dairy products, eggs, and vegetable oils, were sampled and analyzed for HBCD followed by per capita intake calculations. The highest levels of HBCD were found in the fish and seafood samples (mean value of 11.6 ng/g lw), followed by meat samples (mean value of 2.68 ng/g lw), eggs (mean value of 1.75 ng/g lw), dairy products (mean value of 0.78 ng/g lw), animal fat (mean value of 0.74 ng/g lw), and vegetable oils (mean value of 0.45 ng/g lw). The daily ingestion rate of HBCD was estimated at 2.58 ng (kg of body weight)(-1) day(-1). HBCD mainly came from fish and seafood (56%), but also dairy products (14%) and meat (12%) contributed.
authors.affiliation: Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA, CSIC , Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Ethel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Eljarrat
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gorga
authors.forename: Montserrat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gasser
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Díaz-Ferrero
authors.forename: Damià
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Barceló
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D003611:Dairy Products / Q000032:analysis*; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects; D004531:Eggs / Q000032:analysis; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005223:Fats / Q000737:chemistry; D005399:Fishes; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D007536:Isomerism; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis*; D017747:Seafood / Q000032:analysis; D013030:Spain
chemical_list: D005223:Fats; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated; C089796:hexabromocyclododecane