title: Assessment of isotropic calcium using 0.5-mm reconstructions from 320-row CT data sets identifies more patients with non-zero Agatston score and more subclinical atherosclerosis than standard 3.0-mm coronary artery calcium scan and CT angiography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The presence of calcified plaque in coronary arteries can be quantified by using 0.5-mm isotropic reconstructions from 320-row CT without increased radiation dose. Little is known about reclassification of patients with non-zero Agatston scores and quantitative measures of calcified plaque using 0.5-mm reconstructions.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to compare proportions of zero vs. non-zero Agatston scores (subclinical atherosclerosis) in 0.5-mm isotropic reconstructions vs. standard 3.0-mm and CT angiography (CTA) scans on 320-row CT.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospectively, we quantified calcified plaque in coronary arteries in 104 patients by using non-contrast-enhanced scans with 0.5 and 3.0 mm. Coronary calcium assessment was determined by 2 observers. Clinically indicated CTA was also performed; coronary calcium assessment findings were compared with CTA. Ranked Wilcoxon test and χ2 test were performed for comparison. Reproducibility for proportion of zero vs non-zero was assessed by κ statistics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median Agatston score (41.9 [interquartile range (IQR), 3.7-213.6] vs. 5.2 [IQR, 0.0-128.5]), calcium volume (53.6 mm3 [IQR, 8.1-202.3] vs. 5.1 mm(3) [IQR, 0.0-96.8],), and lesion number (10.0 [IQR, 3.5-18.5] vs. 1.0 [IQR, 0.0-6.0]) were significantly higher on 0.5-mm reconstruction (P < .0001) than on 3.0-mm reconstruction. More patients with subclinical atherosclerosis were detected on 0.5 mm than on 3.0 mm and CTA scans (76.9% vs. 53.8% vs. 54.8%; P < .0001). The κ values for inter-rater agreement were 0.94 and 0.52 on 3.0- and 0.5-mm data sets, respectively. However, when Agatston scores < 10 were excluded from analysis, the κ value rose to 0.83.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Isotropic 0.5-mm reconstruction detected 23.1% and 22.1% more patients with subclinical atherosclerosis than standard 3.0-mm scans and CTA, which may be more sensitive for the detection of subclinical atherosclerosis; its potential clinical utility needs to be validated in large, prospective studies.
authors.affiliation: Division of Advanced Cardiovascular Imaging, Departments of Radiology and Cardiology, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Health Science Center, Level 4 Rm 120, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA. Electronic address: anum586@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Anum
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aslam
authors.affiliation: Division of Advanced Cardiovascular Imaging, Departments of Radiology and Cardiology, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Health Science Center, Level 4 Rm 120, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
authors.forename: Usman S
authors.initials: US
authors.lastname: Khokhar
authors.affiliation: Division of Advanced Cardiovascular Imaging, Departments of Radiology and Cardiology, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Health Science Center, Level 4 Rm 120, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
authors.forename: Ammar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chaudhry
authors.affiliation: Division of Advanced Cardiovascular Imaging, Departments of Radiology and Cardiology, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Health Science Center, Level 4 Rm 120, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abramowicz
authors.affiliation: Division of Advanced Cardiovascular Imaging, Departments of Radiology and Cardiology, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Health Science Center, Level 4 Rm 120, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
authors.forename: Naveed
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rajper
authors.affiliation: Division of Advanced Cardiovascular Imaging, Departments of Radiology and Cardiology, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Health Science Center, Level 4 Rm 120, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cortegiano
authors.affiliation: Division of Advanced Cardiovascular Imaging, Departments of Radiology and Cardiology, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Health Science Center, Level 4 Rm 120, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Poon
authors.affiliation: Division of Advanced Cardiovascular Imaging, Departments of Radiology and Cardiology, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Health Science Center, Level 4 Rm 120, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
authors.forename: Szilard
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Voros
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002118:Calcium
keywords: 320-Mμltidetector computed tomography; Agatston score; CT angiography; Coronary artery calcium; Image noise; Subclinical atherosclerosis