title: Oral bisoprolol improves surgical field during functional endoscopic sinus surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The success of functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) depends on visual clarity of the surgical field, through the endoscope. The objective of this double-blind, randomized, controlled study was to determine if a pre-operative dose of bisoprolol (2.5 mg) would reduce the bleeding during FESS and improve the visualization of the operative field.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty American Society of Anesthesiologists I or II patients, scheduled for FESS were randomized to receive either a placebo (Group A) or 2.5 mg of bisoprolol (Group B) 90 min prior to the surgery. All the patients received standard anesthesia and monitoring. The aim was to maintain the mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 60-70 mmHg, by titrating dose of isoflurane and fentanyl. The concentration of isoflurane used was recorded every 15 min. At the end of the surgery, the volume of blood loss was measured and the surgeon was asked to grade the operative field as per the Fromme-Boezaart Scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The blood loss was significantly (P < 0.0001) more in the control group (398.67 ± 228.79 ml) as compared with that in the bisoprolol group (110.67 ± 45.35 ml). The surgical field was graded better in those who received bisoprolol as compared with those in the control group (P - 0.0001). The volume percent of isoflurane and the dose of fentanyl used was significantly lower in those who received bisoprolol. During the operative period, the MAPs were 70.0 ± 2.7 (Group A) and 62.6 ± 3.6 mmHg (Group B) and the heart rate was 99.8 ± 5.0/min (Group A) and 69.2 ± 4.4/min (Group B). These differences were statistically significant ( P - 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This clinical trial has demonstrated that administration of a single pre-operative dose of bisoprolol (2.5 mg) can significantly reduce the blood loss during FESS and improve the visualization of the operating field.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Holy Cross Hospital, Kottiyam, Kollam, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: Sumitha Mary
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Jacob
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Christian Medical College & Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Tony Thomson
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Chandy
authors.affiliation: Milton S Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
authors.forename: Verghese T
authors.initials: VT
authors.lastname: Cherian
keywords: Beta-blocker; bisoprolol; blood loss; functional endoscopic sinus surgery; surgical field