title: Regulation of hERG and hEAG channels by Src and by SHP-1 tyrosine phosphatase via an ITIM region in the cyclic nucleotide binding domain.
abstract: Members of the EAG K(+) channel superfamily (EAG/Kv10.x, ERG/Kv11.x, ELK/Kv12.x subfamilies) are expressed in many cells and tissues. In particular, two prototypes, EAG1/Kv10.1/KCNH1 and ERG1/Kv11.1/KCNH2 contribute to both normal and pathological functions. Proliferation of numerous cancer cells depends on hEAG1, and in some cases, hERG. hERG is best known for contributing to the cardiac action potential, and for numerous channel mutations that underlie 'long-QT syndrome'. Many cells, particularly cancer cells, express Src-family tyrosine kinases and SHP tyrosine phosphatases; and an imbalance in tyrosine phosphorylation can lead to malignancies, autoimmune diseases, and inflammatory disorders. Ion channel contributions to cell functions are governed, to a large degree, by post-translational modulation, especially phosphorylation. However, almost nothing is known about roles of specific tyrosine kinases and phosphatases in regulating K(+) channels in the EAG superfamily. First, we show that tyrosine kinase inhibitor, PP1, and the selective Src inhibitory peptide, Src40-58, reduce the hERG current amplitude, without altering its voltage dependence or kinetics. PP1 similarly reduces the hEAG1 current. Surprisingly, an 'immuno-receptor tyrosine inhibitory motif' (ITIM) is present within the cyclic nucleotide binding domain of all EAG-superfamily members, and is conserved in the human, rat and mouse sequences. When tyrosine phosphorylated, this ITIM directly bound to and activated SHP-1 tyrosine phosphatase (PTP-1C/PTPN6/HCP); the first report that a portion of an ion channel is a binding site and activator of a tyrosine phosphatase. Both hERG and hEAG1 currents were decreased by applying active recombinant SHP-1, and increased by the inhibitory substrate-trapping SHP-1 mutant. Thus, hERG and hEAG1 currents are regulated by activated SHP-1, in a manner opposite to their regulation by Src. Given the widespread distribution of these channels, Src and SHP-1, this work has broad implications in cell signaling that controls survival, proliferation, differentiation, and other ERG1 and EAG1 functions in many cell types.
authors.affiliation: Genes and Development Division, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada ; Department of Physiology University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Lyanne C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Schlichter
authors.affiliation: Genes and Development Division, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Jiahua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Genes and Development Division, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Genes and Development Division, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada ; Department of Physiology University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Evan W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Newell
authors.affiliation: Genes and Development Division, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada ; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Florence W L
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Tsui
authors.affiliation: Genes and Development Division, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada ; Department of Physiology University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Doris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lam
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D000072237:ERG1 Potassium Channel; D051638:Ether-A-Go-Go Potassium Channels / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D010455:Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D011485:Protein Binding; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D053824:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D015398:Signal Transduction; D019061:src-Family Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C108123:4-amino-5-(4-methylphenyl)-7-(tert-butyl)pyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine; D000072237:ERG1 Potassium Channel; D051638:Ether-A-Go-Go Potassium Channels; C496884:KCNH1 protein, human; C000606913:KCNH2 protein, human; C000606915:Kcnh2 protein, mouse; C000606918:Kcnh2 protein, rat; D010455:Peptides; D011720:Pyrazoles; D011743:Pyrimidines; C573309:Src40-58 peptide; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D019061:src-Family Kinases; D053824:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6