title: Sourcing quality-of-life weights obtained from previous studies: theory and reality in Korea.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The quality-of-life weights obtained in previous studies are frequently used in cost-utility analyses. The purpose of this study is to describe how the values obtained in previous studies are incorporated into the industry submissions requesting listing at the Korean National Health Insurance (NHI), focusing on the issues discussed in theoretical studies and national guidelines.
  
  
  METHODS
  The industry submissions requesting listing at the Korean NHI from January 2007 until December 2009 were evaluated by two independent researchers at the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA). Specifically, we observed the methods that were used to pool, predict joint health state utilities, and retain consistency within submissions in terms of the issues discussed in methodological research papers and recommendations from national guidelines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  More than half of the submissions used QALY as an outcome measure, and most of these submissions were sourced from prior studies. Heterogeneous methodologies were frequently used within a submission, with the inconsistent use of upper and lower anchors being prevalent. Assumptions behind measuring joint health state utilities or pooling multiple values for single health states were omitted in all submissions. Most national guidelines were rather vague regarding how to predict joint health states, how to select the best available value, how to maintain consistency within a submission, and how to generalize values obtained from prior studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Previously-generated values were commonly sourced, but this practice was frequently related to inconsistencies within and among submissions. Attention should be paid to the consistency and transparency of the value, especially if the value is sourced from prior studies.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-750, Korea, sjbae@ewha.ac.kr.
authors.forename: SeungJin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: Eun Young
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: Sang Hee
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lim
mesh_terms: D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006291:Health Policy; D006801:Humans; D009313:National Health Programs / Q000191:economics* / Q000592:standards*; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011788:Quality of Life; D056910:Republic of Korea; D013673:Technology Assessment, Biomedical / Q000379:methods*