title: The Association between walking and perceived environment in Chinese community residents: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The neighborhood environment, as a determinant of walking, has been assessed in several developed countries. However, few studies have investigated these associations in Chinese populations.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association between the perceived neighborhood environment and walking for recreation or transportation purposes among Chinese community residents.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used a multi-stage stratified random sampling design to conduct a cross-sectional study of 1528 Chinese adults in Shanghai. Environmental and walking variables were assessed using a revised Abbreviated Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale for Chinese subjects and a long version of International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Self-reported demographic variables including gender, age, employment status, and location of community were also collected. Multiple logistic regression analysis was applied to examine the association between the neighborhood environment and walking.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Based on the results of IPAQ, 13.7% of the overall subjects were physical inactive, which was considered to be lowly active. For all participants, accessibility to services was significantly associated with walking for both recreation and transportation (odds ratio=1.062, 95% confidence interval: 1.016, 1.110; odds ratio=1.053; 95% confidence interval: 1.008, 1.100, respectively). In males, accessibility to services was significantly associated both with walking for recreation and walking for transportation. However, a significantly negative association was found between the neighborhood surroundings and walking for recreation. In contrast, females who perceived good traffic safety tended to walk for recreation. Data also revealed a difference between working and retired individuals. Among working participants, perceived environmental variables were not significantly associated with walking for recreation and transportation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The association between neighborhood environment and walking varied depending on the reason for walking and the characteristics of the participants. Our findings suggest that interventions to promote walking in community residents should include improving the neighborhood environment, particularly accessibility to services such as building more stores, parks, and public transit facilities.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China ; Health Communication Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yingnan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: Office of Public Health Studies, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America.
authors.forename: Tricia
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Usagawa
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China ; Health Communication Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002681:China; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010465:Perception; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D016138:Walking; D055815:Young Adult