title: Functions and mechanisms of intermittent negative pressure for osteogenesis in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.
abstract: The present study aimed to determine the mechanism by which low‑intensity intermittent negative pressure affects the differentiation and proliferation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, type I collagen and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were detected to analyze differentiation. MTT and flow cytometry were employed to measure proliferation and apoptosis. Western blot analysis was used to examine endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress‑associated factors. This study was divided into two groups, including a normal group (without any treatment) and vacuum group (treated with a vacuum). There was a significant decrease in the proliferation of cells in the vacuum group. The number of cells in S phase was reduced significantly, while the rate of apoptosis and the activity of ALP were markedly increased under vacuum conditions. Expression of collagen type I and VEGF was significantly increased, and the ratio of osteoprotegrin to osteoprotegrin ligand was decreased significantly in the vacuum group. ER stress‑associated proteins, p‑PRKR‑like ER kinase, inositol‑requiring enzyme 1 and cleaved activating transcription factor 6, as well as the downstream factors, were activated when treated with negative pressure. In conclusion, treatment with low‑intensity and intermittent negative pressure may inhibit the proliferation of MSCs and trigger ER stress‑associated cellular apoptosis, further enhancing osteogenesis activity and inducing differentiation to osteoblasts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Joint Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Zhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Joint Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jian-Feng
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Department of Joint Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Joint Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jian-Bing
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Joint Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yu-Min
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Joint Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yang-Jun
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Joint Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Si-Qing
authors.initials: SQ
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: Department of Joint Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Joint Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Joint Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Wei-Kun
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: Department of Joint Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D002453:Cell Cycle; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D010012:Osteogenesis; D011312:Pressure; D056811:Unfolded Protein Response; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D024042:Collagen Type I; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A