title: Surveillance for antimicrobial drug resistance in under-resourced countries.
abstract: Antimicrobial drug resistance is usually not monitored in under-resourced countries because they lack surveillance networks, laboratory capacity, and appropriate diagnostics. This accelerating problem accounts for substantial number of excess deaths, especially among infants. Infections particularly affected by antimicrobial drug resistance include tuberculosis, malaria, severe acute respiratory infections, and sepsis caused by gram-negative bacteria. Nonetheless, mapping antimicrobial drug resistance is feasible in under-resourced countries, and lessons can be learned from previous successful efforts. Specimen shipping conditions, data standardization, absence of contamination, and adequate diagnostics must be ensured. As a first step toward solving this problem, we propose that a road map be created at the international level to strengthen antimicrobial resistance surveillance in under-resourced countries. This effort should include a research agenda; a map of existing networks and recommendations to unite them; and a communication plan for national, regional, and international organizations and funding agencies.
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vernet
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mary
authors.forename: Dany M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Altmann
authors.forename: Ogobara
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Doumbo
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morpeth
authors.forename: Zulfiqar A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Bhutta
authors.forename: Keith P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Klugman
mesh_terms: D003141:Communicable Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology; D003906:Developing Countries; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D014943:Global Health; D006801:Humans; D011159:Population Surveillance
keywords: antimicrobial resistance; diagnostics; surveillance; under-resourced countries