title: Nanopore film based enrichment and quantification of low abundance hepcidin from human bodily fluids.
abstract: Endogenous peptides that represent biological and pathological information of disease have attracted interest for diagnosis. However, the extraction of those low abundance peptides is still a challenge because of the complexity of human bodily fluids (HBF). Hepcidin, a peptide hormone, has been recognized as a biomarker for iron-related diseases. There is no rapid and reliable way to enrich them from HBF. Here we describe a peptide extraction approach based on nanoporous silica thin films to successfully detect hepcidin from HBF. Cooperative functions of nanopore to biomolecule, including capillary adsorption, size-exclusion and electrostatic interaction, were systematically investigated to immobilize the target peptide. To promote this new approach to clinical practices, we further applied it to successfully assay the hepcidin levels in HBF provided by healthy volunteers and patients suffering from inflammation. Our finding provides a high-throughput, rapid, label-free and cost-effective detection method for capturing and quantifying low abundance peptides from HBF.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Diagnosing diseases with low concentration peptide biomarkers remains challenging. This team of authors describes a peptide extraction approach based on nanoporous silica thin films to successfully detect low concentrations of hepcidin from human body fluids collected from 119 healthy volunteers and 19 inflammation patients.
authors.affiliation: Chinese Academy of Science Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China; Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Chinese Academy of Science Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China; College of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Shiwen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.affiliation: Chinese Academy of Science Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Ailian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Chinese Academy of Science Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Hung-Jen
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Fine
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yaping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Bruker Daltonics Inc. Beijing Office, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Chunxi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Xuewu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Tong
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Gregory J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.affiliation: Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA; Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York City, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.affiliation: Chinese Academy of Science Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Guangjun
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nie
authors.affiliation: Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA; Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York City, NY, USA. Electronic address: yhu@HoustonMethodist.org.
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Chinese Academy of Science Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China. Electronic address: zhaoyuliang@ihep.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Yuliang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000737:chemistry*; D064451:Hepcidins / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D058608:Nanopores; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D064451:Hepcidins; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D010455:Peptides
keywords: Biomarker discovery; Hepcidin; MALDI-TOF MS; Nanoporous silica film; Peptide