title: Regional Brain Volumes and ADHD Symptoms in Middle-Aged Adults: The PATH Through Life Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated whether volumetric differences in ADHD-associated brain regions are related to current symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity in healthy middle-aged adults and whether co-occurring anxiety/depression symptoms moderate these relationships.
  
  
  METHODS
  ADHD Self-Report Scale and Brief Patient Health Questionnaire were used to assess current symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, anxiety, and depression in a population-based sample ( n = 269). Brain volumes, measured using a semi-automated method, were analyzed using multiple regression and structural equation modeling to evaluate brain volume-inattention/hyperactivity symptom relationships for selected regions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Volumes of the left nucleus accumbens and a region overlapping the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex were positively associated with inattention symptoms. Left hippocampal volume was negatively associated with hyperactivity symptoms. The brain volume-inattention/hyperactivity symptom associations were stronger when anxiety/depression symptoms were controlled for.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inattention and hyperactivity symptoms in middle-aged adults are associated with different brain regions and co-occurring anxiety/depression symptoms moderate these brain-behavior relationships.
authors.affiliation: 1 Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
authors.forename: Debjani
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Das
authors.affiliation: 1 Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cherbuin
authors.affiliation: 1 Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
authors.forename: Kaarin J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Anstey
authors.affiliation: 1 Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.|2 Canberra Hospital and Health Services, Australia.
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Abhayaratna
authors.affiliation: 1 Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Easteal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000523:psychology; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000523:psychology; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D006948:Hyperkinesis / Q000523:psychology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*
keywords: MRI; accumbens; depression; hippocampus; hyperactivity; inattention; middle age; population-based sample; prefrontal cortex