title: Phylogeographic structure in benthic marine invertebrates of the southeast Pacific coast of Chile with differing dispersal potential.
abstract: The role of dispersal potential on phylogeographic structure, evidenced by the degree of genetic structure and the presence of coincident genetic and biogeographic breaks, was evaluated in a macrogeographic comparative approach along the north-central coast of Chile, across the biogeographic transition zone at 30°S. Using 2,217 partial sequences of the mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase I gene of eight benthic invertebrate species along ca. 2,600 km of coast, we contrasted dispersal potential with genetic structure and determined the concordance between genetic divergence between biogeographic regions and the biogeographic transition zone at 30°S. Genetic diversity and differentiation highly differed between species with high and low dispersal potential. Dispersal potential, sometimes together with biogeographic region, was the factor that best explained the genetic structure of the eight species. The three low dispersal species, and one species assigned to the high dispersal category, had a phylogeographic discontinuity coincident with the biogeographic transition zone at 30°S. Furthermore, coalescent analyses based on the isolation-with-migration model validate that the split between biogeographic regions north and south of 30°S has a historic origin. The signatures of the historic break in high dispersers is parsimoniously explained by the homogenizing effects of gene flow that have erased the genetic signatures, if ever existed, in high dispersers. Of the four species with structure across the break, only two had significant albeit very low levels of asymmetric migration across the transition zone. Historic processes have led to the current biogeographic and phylogeographic structure of marine species with limited dispersal along the north-central coast of Chile, with a strong lasting impact in their genetic structure.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Diversidad Molecular, Departamento de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte & Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Coquimbo, Chile ; Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
authors.forename: Pilar A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Haye
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Diversidad Molecular, Departamento de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte & Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Coquimbo, Chile ; Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Nicolás I
authors.initials: NI
authors.lastname: Segovia
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Diversidad Molecular, Departamento de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte & Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Coquimbo, Chile ; Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
authors.forename: Natalia C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Muñoz-Herrera
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Diversidad Molecular, Departamento de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte & Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Coquimbo, Chile.
authors.forename: Francisca E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Gálvez
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.affiliation: Centro de Conservación Marina, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Andrés
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Meynard
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile ; Centro de Conservación Marina, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: María C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Pardo-Gandarillas
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Elie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Poulin
authors.affiliation: Centro de Conservación Marina, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Sylvain
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Faugeron
mesh_terms: D063147:Animal Distribution; D000818:Animals; D059001:Aquatic Organisms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D002677:Chile; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006239:Haplotypes / Q000235:genetics; D007448:Invertebrates / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D010140:Pacific Ocean; D058974:Phylogeography