title: Evaluation of oxygen exposure levels and polyphenolic content of red wines using an electronic panel formed by an electronic nose and an electronic tongue.
abstract: An electronic panel formed by an electronic nose and an electronic tongue has been used to analyse red wines showing high and low phenolic contents, obtained by flash release and traditional soaking, respectively, and processed with or without micro-oxygenation. Four oxygen transfer rate conditions (0.8, 1.9, 8.0, and 11.9 μl oxygen/bottle/day) were ensured by using synthetic closures with controlled oxygen permeability and storage under controlled atmosphere. Twenty-five chemical parameters associated with the polyphenolic composition, the colour indices and the levels of oxygen were measured in triplicate and correlated with the signals registered (seven replicas) by means of the electronic nose and the electronic tongue using partial least squares regression analysis. The electronic nose and the electronic tongue showed particularly good correlations with those parameters associated with the oxygen levels and, in particular, with the influence of the porosity of the closure to oxygen exposure. In turn, the electronic tongue was particularly sensitive to redox species including oxygen and phenolic compounds. It has been demonstrated that a combined system formed from the electronic nose and the electronic tongue provides information about the chemical composition of both the gas and the liquid phase of red wines. This complementary information improves the capacity to predict values of oxygen-related parameters, phenolic content and colour parameters.
authors.affiliation: Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Escuela de Ingenierías Industriales, University of Valladolid, Paseo del Cauce, 59, 47011 Valladolid, Spain. Electronic address: mluz@eii.uva.es.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Mendez
authors.affiliation: Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Escuela de Ingenierías Industriales, University of Valladolid, Paseo del Cauce, 59, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; Department of Chemistry, Physics and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Environment, "Dunărea de Jos" University of Galaţi, 47 Domneasca Street, 800008 Galaţi, Romania.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Apetrei
authors.affiliation: Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Escuela de Ingenierías Industriales, University of Valladolid, Paseo del Cauce, 59, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gay
authors.affiliation: Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Escuela de Ingenierías Industriales, University of Valladolid, Paseo del Cauce, 59, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Medina-Plaza
authors.affiliation: Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: de Saja
authors.affiliation: Nomacorc, ZI Les Plénesses, 7 Chemin de Xhénorie, 4890 Thimister Clermont, Belgium.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vidal
authors.affiliation: Nomacorc, ZI Les Plénesses, 7 Chemin de Xhénorie, 4890 Thimister Clermont, Belgium.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Aagaard
authors.affiliation: Nomacorc, ZI Les Plénesses, 7 Chemin de Xhénorie, 4890 Thimister Clermont, Belgium.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ugliano
authors.affiliation: UMR1083 Sciences pour l'Oenologie, INRA, 2 Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wirth
authors.affiliation: UMR1083 Sciences pour l'Oenologie, INRA, 2 Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cheynier
mesh_terms: D003116:Color; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D055615:Electrical Equipment and Supplies; D062609:Electronic Nose; D010100:Oxygen / Q000032:analysis*; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000032:analysis*; D014920:Wine / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D059808:Polyphenols; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Closure; Electronic nose; Electronic panel; Electronic tongue; Micro-oxygenation; Oxygen transmission rate; PLS1