title: Milk of calcium (MOC) cysts masquerading as renal calculi - a trap for the unwary.
abstract: Milk of calcium (MOC) is a colloidal suspension of calcium salts occurring in calyceal cysts and diverticula. Although reported to be rare, in fact it seems to be more common than previously thought. It has characteristic appearances on plain x-rays, ultrasound, and CT imaging particularly in the prone and supine positions. Often entirely asymptomatic, its appearance may be mistaken for renal stones on radiography or angiomyolipomas on ultrasonography. In this paper, a series of cases is presented outlining its characteristic features and reviewing the relevant literature.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kettering General Hospital, Kettering Northampshire, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Shahid Aziz Anwer
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kettering General Hospital, Kettering Northampshire, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Faisal Rauf
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kettering General Hospital, Kettering Northampshire, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Matthew Shawcross
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Fletcher
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kettering General Hospital, Kettering Northampshire, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Jonathan Leonard
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Richenberg
keywords: milk of calcium; renal cysts; renal stone milk of calcium cysts