title: Prospective associations between plasma saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids and overall and breast cancer risk - modulation by antioxidants: a nested case-control study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mechanistic data suggest that different types of fatty acids play a role in carcinogenesis and that antioxidants may modulate this relationship but epidemiologic evidence is lacking. Our aim was to investigate the association between plasma saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (SFAs, MUFAs and PUFAs) and overall and breast cancer risk and to evaluate the potential modulatory effect of an antioxidant supplementation on these relationships.
  
  
  METHODS
  A nested case-control study included all first incident cancer cases diagnosed in the SU.VI.MAX study between 1994 and 2002 (n=250 cases, one matched control/case). Participants to the SU.VI.MAX randomized controlled trial received either vitamin/mineral antioxidants or placebo during this intervention period. Baseline fatty acid composition of plasma total lipids was measured by gas chromatography. Conditional logistic regression was performed overall and stratified by intervention group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (Ptrend=0.002), the dihomo-γ-linolenic/linoleic acids ratio (Ptrend=0.001), mead acid (Ptrend=0.0004), and palmitoleic acid (Ptrend=0.02) were inversely associated with overall cancer risk. The arachidonic/dihomo-γ-linolenic acids ratio (Ptrend=0.02) and linoleic acid (Ptrend=0.02) were directly associated with overall cancer risk. Similar results were observed for breast cancer specifically. In stratified analyses, associations were only observed in the placebo group. Notably, total PUFAs were directly associated with overall (Ptrend=0.02) and breast cancer risk in the placebo group only.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Specific SFAs, MUFAs and PUFAs were prospectively differentially associated with cancer risk. In addition, this study suggests that antioxidants may modulate these associations by counteracting the potential effects of these fatty acids on carcinogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Paris Cité, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Biostatistics Center, Inserm U1153, Inra U1125, Cnam, University Paris 13, University Paris 5, University Paris 7, Bobigny, France.
authors.forename: Camille
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pouchieu
authors.affiliation: Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Véronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Chajès
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrated Biology, University Hospital of Grenoble, Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Laporte
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Paris Cité, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Biostatistics Center, Inserm U1153, Inra U1125, Cnam, University Paris 13, University Paris 5, University Paris 7, Bobigny, France.
authors.forename: Emmanuelle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kesse-Guyot
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Paris Cité, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Biostatistics Center, Inserm U1153, Inra U1125, Cnam, University Paris 13, University Paris 5, University Paris 7, Bobigny, France.
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Galan
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Paris Cité, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Biostatistics Center, Inserm U1153, Inra U1125, Cnam, University Paris 13, University Paris 5, University Paris 7, Bobigny, France ; Public Health Department, Avicenne Hospital, Bobigny, France.
authors.forename: Serge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hercberg
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Paris Cité, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Biostatistics Center, Inserm U1153, Inra U1125, Cnam, University Paris 13, University Paris 5, University Paris 7, Bobigny, France.
authors.forename: Paule
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Latino-Martel
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Paris Cité, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Biostatistics Center, Inserm U1153, Inra U1125, Cnam, University Paris 13, University Paris 5, University Paris 7, Bobigny, France.
authors.forename: Mathilde
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Touvier
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000097:blood*; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012306:Risk
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005227:Fatty Acids; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated