title: A novel method to apply osteogenic potential of adipose derived stem cells in orthopaedic surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A number of publications have reported that adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) have the capacity to be induced to differentiate into osteoblasts both in vitro and in vivo. However, it has been difficult to use separate ADSCs for cortical bone regeneration and bone reconstruction so far. Inspired by the research around stromal stem cells and cell sheets, we developed a new method to fabricate ADSCs sheets to accelerate and enhance the bone regeneration and bone reconstruction.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To fabricate ADSCs sheets and evaluate their capacity to be induced to differentiate to osteoblasts in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human adipose derived stem cells (hADSCs) were employed in this research. The fabricating medium containing 50 µM ascorbate-2-phosphate was used to enhance the secretion of collagen protein by the ADSCs and thus to make the cell sheets of ADSCs. As the separate ADSCs were divided into osteo-induction group and control group, the ADSCs sheets were also divided into two groups depending on induction by osteogenesis medium or no induction. The osteogenic capacity of each group was evaluated by ALP staining, Alizarin Red staining and ALP activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ADSCs sheets were fabricated after one-week culture in the fabricating medium. The ALP staining of ADSCs sheets showed positive results after 5 days osteo-induction and the Alizarin Red staining of ADSCs sheets showed positive results after 1 week osteo-induction. The ALP activity showed significant differences between these four groups. The ALP activity of ADSCs sheets groups showed higher value than that of separate ADSCs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The experiments demonstrated that ADSCs sheets have better capacity than separate ADSCs to be induced to differentiate into osteoblasts. This indicates that it is possible to use the ADSCs sheets as a source of mesenchymal stem cells for bone regeneration and bone reconstruction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Demura
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidenori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsubara
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsuhito
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshioka
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ota
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shinmura
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsuchiya
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology*; D053687:Adult Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D054338:Cell Transdifferentiation / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006801:Humans; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000502:physiology; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D046509:Tissue Culture Techniques; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*