title: Hypoglossal nerve dysfunction and sleep-disordered breathing after stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This cross-sectional study of acute ischemic stroke patients examined relationships between hypoglossal nerve conduction, sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), and its severity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients within 7 days of stroke underwent nocturnal respiratory monitoring with the ApneaLink device and hypoglossal nerve conduction studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighteen of 52 subjects (35% [95% confidence interval: 22%, 49%]) had an abnormal hypoglossal amplitude and 23 (44% [95% confidence interval: 30%, 59%]) had an abnormal hypoglossal latency. No differences were identified in hypoglossal nerve latency or amplitude between those with (n = 26) and without (n = 26) significant SDB, defined by an apnea-hypopnea index ≥ 15. However, hypoglossal nerve conduction latency was associated (linear regression p < 0.05) with SDB severity as reflected by the apnea-hypopnea index.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acute ischemic stroke patients have a high prevalence of hypoglossal nerve dysfunction. Further studies are needed to explore whether hypoglossal nerve dysfunction may be a cause or consequence of SDB in stroke patients and whether this association can provide further insight into the pathophysiology of SDB in this population.
authors.affiliation: From the Stroke Program (D.L.B., R.H., M.C., L.D.L.), Sleep Disorders Center (R.D.C.), EMG Laboratory, Department of Neurology (J.W.), and School of Public Health (L.D.L.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; and EMG Laboratory (K.L.G.), Department of Neurology, SUNY Upstate, Syracuse, NY.
authors.forename: Devin L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Ronald D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Chervin
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wolfe
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: MaryAnn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Concannon
authors.forename: Lynda D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Lisabeth
authors.forename: Kristen L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Gruis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007002:Hypoglossal Nerve / Q000473:pathology; D020437:Hypoglossal Nerve Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D020521:Stroke / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology