title: High genetic stability of peroral infection factors from Anticarsia gemmatalis MNPV over 20years of sampling.
abstract: The Anticarsia gemmatalis multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AgMNPV) has been used as a biopesticide since the early 1980s in Brazil to control the major pest of soybean crops, the velvetbean caterpillar, Anticarsia gemmatalis. To monitor the genetic diversity over space and time we sequenced four pif genes (pif1, pif2, pif3 and pif4) from AgMNPV isolates collected from different regions of South America, as well as of seasonal isolates, sampled during a two-decade field experiment. Although all genes presented low levels of polymorphism, the pif-2 carries a slightly higher number of polymorphic sites. Overall, this study reveals that pif genes have remained stable after 20 years of repeated field application.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Asa Norte, 70910-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil; Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia (Cenargen), Parque Estação Biológica, W5 Norte Final, 70770-917 Brasília, DF, Brazil.
authors.forename: Briana C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Asa Norte, 70910-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernando L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Melo
authors.affiliation: Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia (Cenargen), Parque Estação Biológica, W5 Norte Final, 70770-917 Brasília, DF, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marlinda L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.affiliation: Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), 86051-990 Londrina, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Flávio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Moscardi
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Asa Norte, 70910-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sônia N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Báo
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Asa Norte, 70910-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil. Electronic address: bergmann@unb.br.
authors.forename: Bergmann M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
mesh_terms: D005814:Genes, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D017924:Nucleopolyhedroviruses / Q000235:genetics*; D010572:Pest Control, Biological; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D037521:Virulence Factors
keywords: Baculovirus Anticarsia gemmatalis MNPV; Geographical isolates; Pif genes; Seasonal isolates; Stability