title: Prediction of basal metabolic rate in obese children and adolescents considering pubertal stages and anthropometric characteristics or body composition.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop and crossvalidate new equations for predicting basal metabolic rate (BMR) in obese children and adolescents in relation to pubertal stages, anthropometric characteristics or body composition.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1696 obese Caucasian children and adolescents (mean body mass index z-score: 3.5±0.8) participated in this study. BMR was determined by indirect calorimetry and fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM) by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Equations were derived by stepwise multiple regression analysis using a calibration cohort of 848 subjects, and the equations were crossvalidated with a Bland and Altman method in the remaining 848 subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two new specific equations based on gender (1: males; 0: females), pubertal stages (from 1 to 5, assessed according Marshall & Tanner methods) and body weight (BW, kg), stature (m) or body composition (kg) were generated as follows: (1) BMR=(BW × 0.044)+(stature × 2.836)-(pubertal stage × 0.148)+(gender × 0.781)-0.551 (adjusted coefficient of determination (R(2)adj)= 0.69 and root mean squared error (RMSE)=0.954 MJ); (2) BMR=(FFM × 0.082)+(FM × 0.037)-(pubertal stage × 0.125)+(gender × 0.706)+2.528 (R(2)adj= 0.70 and RMSE=0.943 MJ). In the crossvalidation group, mean-predicted BMR was not significantly different from the mean-measured BMR (MBMR) for all children and adolescents, as well as for boys and girls (difference<2 %), and the limits of agreement (±2 s.d.) were +1.95 and -1.98 MJ/d, (P=NS). BMR was predicted accurately (90-110% of MBMR) in 67% of subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The new prediction equations considering the pubertal stages allow an accurate and more appropriate (vs equations using chronological age) estimation of BMR in obese children and adolescents.
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy [2] School of Sport Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy [3] Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, Milan and Piancavallo (VB), Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lazzer
authors.affiliation: Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, Milan and Piancavallo (VB), Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Patrizi
authors.affiliation: Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, Milan and Piancavallo (VB), Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Col
authors.affiliation: Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Division of Auxology, Piancavallo (VB), Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saezza
authors.affiliation: 1] Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, Milan and Piancavallo (VB), Italy [2] Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Division of Auxology, Piancavallo (VB), Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sartorio
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue; D000293:Adolescent; D000886:Anthropometry; D001481:Basal Metabolism; D001823:Body Composition; D001825:Body Fluid Compartments; D001827:Body Height; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D002153:Calorimetry, Indirect; D002648:Child; D017097:Electric Impedance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055641:Mathematical Concepts; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000378:metabolism*; D011627:Puberty; D012737:Sex Factors