title: Penetrating ocular trauma associated with blank cartridge.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Blank cartridge guns are generally regarded as being harmless and relative safe. However recent published articles demonstrated that the gas pressure from the exploding propellant of blank cartridge is powerful enough to penetrate the thoracic wall, abdominal muscle, small intestine and the skull. And there has been a limited number of case reports of ocular trauma associated with blank cartridge injury. In addition, no report on case with split extraocular muscle injury with traumatic cataract and penetrating corneoscleral wound associated with blank cartridge has been previously documented. This report describes the case of patient who sustained penetrating ocular injury with extraocular muscle injury by a close-distance blank cartridge that required surgical intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 20-year-old man sustained a penetrating globe injury in the right eye while cleaning a blank cartridge pistol. His uncorrected visual acuity at presentation was hand motion and he had a flame burn of his right upper and lower lid with multiple missile wounds. On slit-lamp examination, there was a 12-mm laceration of conjunctiva along the 9 o'clock position with two pinhole-like penetrating injuries of cornea and sclera. There was also a 3-mm corneal laceration between 9 o'clock and 12 o'clock and the exposed lateral rectus muscle was split. Severe Descemet's membrane folding with stromal edema was observed, and numerous yellow, powder-like foreign bodies were impacted in the cornea. Layered anterior chamber bleeding with traumatic cataract was also noted. Transverse view of ultrasonography showed hyperechoic foreign bodies with mild reduplication echoes and shadowing. However, a computed tomographic scan using thin section did not reveal a radiopaque foreign body within the right globe.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To our best knowledge, this is the first case report of split extraocular muscle injury with traumatic cataract and penetrating ocular injury caused by blank cartridge injury. Intraocular foreign bodies undetectable by CT were identified by B-scan ultrasonography in our patient. This case highlights the importance of additional ultrasonography when evaluating severe ocular trauma. And ophthalmologists should consider the possibility of penetrating injury caused by blank ammunition.
authors.forename: Sunghyuk
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea. mdshlim@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Su-Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lim
mesh_terms: D002386:Cataract / Q000209:etiology; D005129:Eye Foreign Bodies / Q000209:etiology*; D015807:Eye Injuries, Penetrating / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000293:injuries*; D014948:Wounds, Gunshot / Q000209:etiology*; D055815:Young Adult