title: Impact of molecular testing in the diagnosis of thyroid fine needle aspiration cytology: data from mainland China.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The molecular work-up of thyroid nodules from fine needle aspiration samples has given clinicians a new level of diagnostic information. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the utility of molecular analysis in thyroid fine needle aspiration samples from a Chinese population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Specimens were collected from thyroid nodules by fine needle aspiration. Cytology diagnosis and genes analysis were performed and correlated with histology outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 83 patients with thyroid nodules were enrolled, including 20 benign lesions and 63 papillary carcinomas. BRAF and RAS mutations and RET/PTC gene rearrangements were found in 65.1%, 0%, and 1.6% of papillary carcinomas, respectively. No gene alterations were found in benign lesions. The combination of BRAF testing and cytology improved the accuracy of cytology from 69.9% to 89.2% (P < 0.05). Moreover, BRAF testing confirmed 82.4% of papillary carcinomas with suspicious cytology and identified 33.3% of papillary carcinomas with atypia cytology.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Of the three candidate markers, BRAF testing showed diagnostic utility in fine needle aspiration. Combining BRAF testing with cytology improves the accuracy of fine needle biopsy. Those who have positive BRAF and malignant or suspicious malignant cytology can undergo thyroidectomy without a frozen section.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.
authors.forename: Hui-qin
authors.initials: HQ
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.
authors.forename: Huan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.
authors.forename: Zhi-hui
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5601-8486
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.
authors.forename: Yan-li
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8390-3237
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9000-1909
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.
authors.forename: Qin-jing
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7729-0868
authors.initials: QJ
authors.lastname: Pan
mesh_terms: D044963:Biopsy, Fine-Needle; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary; D002681:China; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D006801:Humans; D025202:Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; D048493:Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf / Q000235:genetics; D000077273:Thyroid Cancer, Papillary; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000473:pathology*; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D016606:Thyroid Nodule / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D018631:ras Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C482119:BRAF protein, human; D048493:Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf; D018631:ras Proteins