title: Antioxidant effects of whey protein on muscle C2C12 cells.
abstract: In the present study, the in vitro scavenging activity of sheep whey protein against free radicals, as well as its reducing power were determined and compared with that of beef protein, soy protein and cow whey protein. Moreover, the possible protective effects of sheep whey protein from tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP)-induced oxidative stress in muscle C2C12 cells were determined by assessing oxidative stress markers by flow cytometry and spectrophotometry. The results showed that sheep whey protein scavenged DPPH, ABTS(+) and OH radicals with IC50 values of 3.1, 4.1 and 1.8 mg of protein/ml. Moreover, the reducing power activity assessed with potassium ferricyanide of sheep whey protein was 1.3mg/ml. As regards to the antioxidant effects in muscle cell line, sheep whey protein at 0.78, 1.56, 3.12 and 6.24 mg of protein/ml increased GSH levels up to 138%, lowered TBARS levels up to 25% and decreased ROS levels up to 41.4%.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Ploutonos 26 & Aiolou St., Larissa 41221, Greece. Electronic address: e-f-thalia@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Efthalia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kerasioti
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Ploutonos 26 & Aiolou St., Larissa 41221, Greece. Electronic address: stagkos@med.uth.gr.
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stagos
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Ploutonos 26 & Aiolou St., Larissa 41221, Greece. Electronic address: alexandros.priftis@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Alexandros
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Priftis
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Ploutonos 26 & Aiolou St., Larissa 41221, Greece. Electronic address: asnf19@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Stefanos
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aivazidis
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic and Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71409, Greece. Electronic address: aris@med.uoc.gr.
authors.forename: Aristidis M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Tsatsakis
authors.affiliation: Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Spherix Consulting, Inc., 6430 Rockledge Drive #503, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA. Electronic address: awhayes@spherix.com.
authors.forename: A Wallace
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Ploutonos 26 & Aiolou St., Larissa 41221, Greece. Electronic address: dkouret@uth.gr.
authors.forename: Demetrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kouretas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D051379:Mice; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D032342:Muscle Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012756:Sheep; D000067816:Whey Proteins
chemical_list: D008894:Milk Proteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D000067816:Whey Proteins; D005978:Glutathione
keywords: C2C12 muscle cells; GSH; Hydroxyl radical; ROS; Reducing power; TBARS; Whey protein