title: Short and long sleep duration associated with race/ethnicity, sociodemographics, and socioeconomic position.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Short and/or long sleep duration are associated with cardiometabolic disease risk and may be differentially experienced among minorities and the socioeconomically disadvantaged. The present study examined nationally representative data along multiple dimensions of race/ ethnicity and socioeconomic status.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional.
  
  
  METHODS
  Survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  2007-2008 NHANES (N = 4,850).
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Self-reported sleep duration was classified as very short (< 5 h), short (5-6 h), normative (7-8 h) and long (≥ 9 h). Population-weighted multinomial logistic regression analyses examined race/ ethnicity, country of origin, language, income, education, health insurance, and food security, controlling for all others as well as age, sex, marital-status, and overall self-rated health. Outcome was self-reported sleep duration, relative to normative sleep duration. Blacks/African Americans were more likely than whites to report very short (OR = 2.34, P < 0.001) and short (OR = 1.85, P < 0.001) sleep. Mexican Americans reported less long sleep (OR = 0.36, P = 0.032). Other Hispanics/ Latinos reported more very short sleep (OR = 2.69, P = 0.025). Asians/ Others reported more very short (OR = 3.99, P = 0.002) and short (OR = 2.08, P = 0.002) sleep. Mexico-born adults reported less short sleep (OR = 0.63, P = 0.042). Spanish-only speakers reported less very short sleep (OR = 0.32, P = 0.030). Lower income groups reported more very short sleep versus > $75,000. Compared to college graduates, increased very short sleep was seen among all lower education levels. Those with public insurance reported more very short (OR = 1.67, P = 0.31) and long (OR = 1.83, P = 0.011) sleep versus uninsured. Very low food security was associated with very short (OR = 1.86, P = 0.036) and short (OR = 1.44, P = 0.047) sleep.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Minority status and lower socioeconomic position were associated with shorter self-reported sleep durations.
authors.affiliation: Behavioral Sleep Medicine Program, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Whinnery
authors.affiliation: Quantitative Psychology Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.affiliation: Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
authors.forename: Pinyo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rattanaumpawan
authors.affiliation: Behavioral Sleep Medicine Program, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA ; Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Grandner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044466:Asian People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004522:Educational Status; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007348:Insurance, Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D017533:Marital Status / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008800:Mexico / Q000208:ethnology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D044469:Racial Groups / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D057566:Self Report; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Sleep duration; acculturation; epidemiology; race/ethnicity; socioeconomic status