title: Atypical Activations of Fronto-Cerebellar Regions During Forethought in Parents of Children With ADHD.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although several studies suggest heritability of ADHD, only a few investigations of possible associations between people at risk and neural abnormalities in ADHD exist. In this study, we tested whether parents of children with ADHD would show atypical patterns of cerebral activations during forethought, a feature of working memory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), we compared 12 parents of children with ADHD and 9 parents of control children during a forethought task.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Parents of children with ADHD exhibited significantly increased neural activations in the posterior lobes of the cerebellum and in the left inferior frontal gyrus, relative to parents of control children.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings are consistent with previous reports in children and suggest the fronto-cerebellar circuit's abnormalities during forethought in parents of children with ADHD. Future studies of people at risk of ADHD are needed to fully understand the extent of the fronto-cerebellar heritability.
authors.affiliation: 1 Université du Québec à Montréal, Canada.
authors.forename: Lucile
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rapin
authors.affiliation: 1 Université du Québec à Montréal, Canada.
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Poissant
authors.affiliation: 2 Bishop's University, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Adrianna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mendrek
mesh_terms: D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology*; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology
keywords: ADD/ADHD; cerebellum; executive function; fMRI; parental functioning