title: Urine markers and prostate cancer.
abstract: Prostate cancer (PCa) is globally the most common cancer in men, with an estimated prevalence of more than two million cases. Given the poor success rate in treating advanced PCa, intervention in early stages may reduce the progression of a small, localized carcinoma to a large metastatic lesion, thereby reducing disease-related deaths. Urine is readily available and can be used to detect either exfoliated cancer cells or secreted products. The major advantages of urine-based assays are their noninvasive character and ability to monitor PCa with heterogeneous foci. The aim of this review was to summarize the current evidence regarding performance characteristics of tests proposed for urine-based prostate cancer detection.
authors.affiliation: 2 Clinic of Urology, Medical University of Łódź, Poland.
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wilkosz
authors.affiliation: Department of Cytobiochemistry, University of Łódź, Poland.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bryś
authors.affiliation: 2 Clinic of Urology, Medical University of Łódź, Poland.
authors.forename: Waldemar
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Różański
keywords: fusion genes; multiplex analysis; prostate cancer; urine markers