title: Overexpressed homeobox B9 regulates oncogenic activities by transforming growth factor-β1 in gliomas.
abstract: Glioma is the leading cause of deaths related to tumors in the central nervous system. The mechanisms of gliomagenesis remain elusive to date. Homeobox B9 (HOXB9) has a crucial function in the regulation of gene expression and cell survival, but its functions in glioma formation and development have yet to be elucidated. This study showed that HOXB9 expression in glioma tissues was significantly higher than that in nontumor tissues. Higher HOXB9 expression was also significantly associated with advanced clinical stage in glioma patients. HOXB9 overexpression stimulated the proliferation, migration, and sphere formation of glioma cells, whereas HOXB9 knockdown elicited an opposite effect. HOXB9 overexpression also increased the tumorigenicity of glioma cells in vivo. Moreover, the activation of transforming growth factor-β1 contributed to HOXB9-induced oncogenic activities. HOXB9 could be used as a predictable biomarker to be detected in different pathological and histological subtypes in glioma for diagnosis or prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhong Shan Road, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China.
authors.forename: Liping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China.
authors.forename: Yinghui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhong Shan Road, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China. Electronic address: zoulijuantg@126.com.
authors.forename: Lijuan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D005910:Glioma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D064593:Heterografts; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C491257:HOXB9 protein, human; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1
keywords: Glioma; HOXB9; Proliferation; Transforming growth factor-β1