title: Emerging technologies in extracellular vesicle-based molecular diagnostics.
abstract: Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, have been shown to carry a variety of biomacromolecules including mRNA, microRNA and other non-coding RNAs. Within the past 5 years, EVs have emerged as a promising minimally invasive novel source of material for molecular diagnostics. Although EVs can be easily identified and collected from biological fluids, further research and proper validation is needed in order for them to be useful in the clinical setting. In addition, innovative and more efficient means of nucleic acid profiling are needed to facilitate investigations into the cellular and molecular mechanisms of EV function and to establish their potential as useful clinical biomarkers and therapeutic tools. In this article, we provide an overview of recent technological improvements in both upstream EV isolation and downstream analytical technologies, including digital PCR and next generation sequencing, highlighting future prospects for EV-based molecular diagnostics.
authors.affiliation: Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
authors.forename: Shidong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zocco
authors.forename: Michael L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Samuels
authors.forename: Michael F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chammas
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Skog
authors.forename: Natasa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zarovni
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Momen-Heravi
authors.forename: Winston Patrick
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Kuo
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D055354:Exosomes / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D025202:Molecular Diagnostic Techniques / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor