title: Usefulness of J-CAPRA score for high-risk prostate cancer patients treated with carbon ion radiotherapy plus androgen deprivation therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A novel risk assessment method, Japan Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment, has been developed based on database of patients receiving primary androgen deprivation therapy. To investigate the usefulness of Japan Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment for non-metastatic, high-risk prostate cancer patients treated with carbon ion radiotherapy plus androgen deprivation therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with non-metastatic, high-risk prostate cancer (T3, initial prostate specific antigen level ≥20 ng/ml, and/or Gleason score ≥8) were included. The patients were treated with carbon ion radiotherapy (the total dose from 57.6 Gy (relative biological effectiveness)/16 fractions to 66.0 Gy(relative biological effectiveness)/20 fractions), and neoadjuvant as well as adjuvant androgen deprivation therapy for at least 24 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four hundred and twenty-six patients were included with the median follow-up of 68.1 months. Of 426, 210 (49.3%), 270 (63.4%) and 251 (58.9%) had Gleason 8-10, prostate specific antigen ≥20 ng/ml and T3, respectively. The 10-year progression-free and cause-specific survival rates in Japan Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment 1-2 group (76.5 and 98.9%) were significantly better than those in Japan Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment 3-6 group (52.6 and 93.1%), (P < 0.001 and P = 0.044, respectively). The median progression-free survivals in the Japan Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment 1-2 and 3-6 groups were 158.9 months and 125.9 months (95% confidence interval: 108.6-143.2 months), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For non-metastatic, high-risk prostate cancer patients treated with carbon ion radiotherapy plus androgen deprivation therapy, Japan Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment score was useful for predicting the progression-free and cause-specific survivals.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Urology, Tokyo Kosei Nenkin Hospital, 5-1 Tsukudo-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8543, Japan. akakurak@ae.auone-net.jp.
authors.forename: Koichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Akakura
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsuji
authors.forename: Hiroyoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Tomohiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ichikawa
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Tohru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kamada
authors.forename: Masaoki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.forename: Hirohiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsujii
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shimazaki
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D063193:Heavy Ion Radiotherapy; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy / Q000379:methods; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen
keywords: J-CAPRA; androgen deprivation therapy; carbon ion radiotherapy; high-risk; prostate cancer