title: Investigating the role of state permitting and agriculture agencies in addressing public health concerns related to industrial food animal production.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Industrial food animal production (IFAP) operations adversely impact environmental public health through air, water, and soil contamination. We sought to determine how state permitting and agriculture agencies respond to these public health concerns.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews with staff at 12 state agencies in seven states, which were chosen based on high numbers or rapid increase of IFAP operations. The interviews served to gather information regarding agency involvement in regulating IFAP operations, the frequency and type of contacts received about public health concerns, how the agency responds to such contacts, and barriers to additional involvement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Permitting and agriculture agencies' responses to health-based IFAP concerns are constrained by significant barriers including narrow regulations, a lack of public health expertise within the agencies, and limited resources.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  State agencies with jurisdiction over IFAP operations are unable to adequately address relevant public health concerns due to multiple factors. Combining these results with previously published findings on barriers facing local and state health departments in the same states reveals significant gaps between these agencies regarding public health and IFAP. There is a clear need for regulations to protect public health and for public health professionals to provide complementary expertise to agencies responsible for regulating IFAP operations.
authors.affiliation: Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America ; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.
authors.forename: Jillian P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Fry
authors.affiliation: Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America ; Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America.
authors.forename: Linnea I
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Laestadius
authors.affiliation: Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America ; Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.
authors.forename: Clare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Grechis
authors.affiliation: Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America ; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America ; Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.
authors.forename: Keeve E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Nachman
authors.affiliation: Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America ; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America ; Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.
authors.forename: Roni A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Neff
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019649:Food Industry / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000379:methods*; D059022:Food Safety / Q000379:methods*; D006077:Government Agencies / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008004:Licensure / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011634:Public Health / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D013219:State Government; D013552:Swine; D014481:United States