title: Decontamination of chemical agents from drinking water infrastructure: a literature review and summary.
abstract: This report summarizes the current state of knowledge on the persistence of chemical contamination on drinking water infrastructure (such as pipes) along with information on decontamination should persistence occur. Decontamination options for drinking water infrastructure have been explored for some chemical contaminants, but important data gaps remain. In general, data on chemical persistence on drinking water infrastructure is available for inorganics such as arsenic and mercury, as well as select organics such as petroleum products, pesticides and rodenticides. Data specific to chemical warfare agents and pharmaceuticals was not found and data on toxins is scant. Future research suggestions focus on expanding the available chemical persistence data to other common drinking water infrastructure materials. Decontaminating agents that successfully removed persistent contamination from one infrastructure material should be used in further studies. Methods for sampling or extracting chemical agents from water infrastructure surfaces are needed.
authors.affiliation: United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Homeland Security Research Center (NG-16), 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States. Electronic address: szabo.jeff@epa.gov.
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Szabo
authors.affiliation: United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Homeland Security Research Center (NG-16), 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States.
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Minamyer
mesh_terms: D001151:Arsenic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D002619:Chemical Warfare Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D003666:Decontamination / Q000379:methods*; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008628:Mercury / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D010575:Pesticides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D059392:Petroleum Pollution / Q000032:analysis / Q000517:prevention & control; D014118:Toxins, Biological / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002619:Chemical Warfare Agents; D060766:Drinking Water; D010575:Pesticides; D014118:Toxins, Biological; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D008628:Mercury; D001151:Arsenic
keywords: Chemicals; Decontamination; Drinking water; Infrastructure