title: Sutherlandia frutescens ethanol extracts inhibit oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in neurons and microglial cells.
abstract: Sutherlandia frutescens (L.) R.Br. (SF) is a medicinal plant indigenous to southern Africa and used in folk and contemporary remedies for stress, chronic diseases, cancer, and HIV/AIDS. While previous studies have focused on physiological effects of SF on cellular and systemic abnormalities associated with these diseases, little is known about its effects in the brain and immune cells in the central nervous system. Results of this study indicate that ethanol extracts of SF (SF-E) suppress NMDA-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in neurons, and LPS- and IFNγ-induced ROS and nitric oxide (NO) production in microglial cells. SF-E's action on microglial cells appears to be mediated through inhibition of the IFNγ-induced p-ERK1/2 signaling pathway which is central to regulating a number of intracellular metabolic processes including enhancing STAT1α phosphorylation and filopodia formation. The involvement of SF in these pathways suggests the potential for novel therapeutics for stress and prevention, and/or treatment of HIV/AIDS as well as other inflammatory diseases in the brain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America.
authors.forename: Jinghua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America.
authors.forename: Dennis Y
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America.
authors.forename: Yijia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zong
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America.
authors.forename: Jayleenkumar
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America.
authors.forename: Korey
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Brownstein
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America.
authors.forename: Chi-Hua
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America ; Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America.
authors.forename: Agnes
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Simonyi
authors.affiliation: Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America ; Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America.
authors.forename: Zezong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America ; Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America.
authors.forename: Jiankun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Center for Botanical Interaction Studies, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America.
authors.forename: George E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Rottinghaus
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America ; Center for Botanical Interaction Studies, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America.
authors.forename: Kevin L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Fritsche
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America ; Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America ; Center for Botanical Interaction Studies, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America.
authors.forename: Dennis B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Lubahn
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America ; Center for Botanical Interaction Studies, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America.
authors.forename: William R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Folk
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America ; Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America ; Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America ; Center for Botanical Interaction Studies, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America.
authors.forename: Grace Y
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D000431:Ethanol; D007887:Fabaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000517:prevention & control*; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects; D017628:Microglia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D000431:Ethanol