title: Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy for large renal tumor - a case report and technical considerations.
abstract: In comparison to an open procedure, the laparoscopic radical nephrectomy has demonstrated advantages in regard to perioperative morbidity, postoperative pain, time of hospitalization, and convalescence. However, most series of laparoscopic radical nephrectomy are confined to T1 tumors. The authors present a case of a large-volume- T2 renal tumor treated laparoscopically. The aim of the study is to present the operative technique and to discuss several unique problems that arise during the laparoscopic procedure in patients with large renal masses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Urological Oncology, Wrocław University of Medicine, Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Szydełko
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Urological Oncology, Wrocław University of Medicine, Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tupikowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Urological Oncology, Wrocław University of Medicine, Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Janusz
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dembowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Urological Oncology, Wrocław University of Medicine, Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Tadeusz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Niezgoda
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Urological Oncology, Wrocław University of Medicine, Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wojciechowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Urological Oncology, Wrocław University of Medicine, Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Romuald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zdrojowy
keywords: laparoscopy; large renal tumor