title: Obstructive sleep apnea: an unexpected cause of insulin resistance and diabetes.
abstract: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is prevalent with type 2 diabetes. Conversely, nondiabetic patients with OSA are at increased risk of developing insulin resistance and diabetes. These disorders independently contribute to increased cardiovascular and cerebrovascular morbidity and mortality. The pathophysiology of OSA may help explain these associations. Evidence demonstrates that treatment of OSA with continuous positive airway pressure may lead to improvement in insulin sensitivity, hemoglobin A1c, systemic hypertension, and other components of the metabolic syndrome. Recognizing and treating OSA in patients with insulin resistance or diabetes ameliorates OSA-related symptoms and improves cardiometabolic risk.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hofstra-North Shore LIJ School of Medicine, 410 Lakeville Road, Suite 107, New Hyde Park, NY 11042, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morgenstern
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hofstra-North Shore LIJ School of Medicine, 410 Lakeville Road, Suite 107, New Hyde Park, NY 11042, USA.
authors.forename: Janice
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hofstra-North Shore LIJ School of Medicine, 410 Lakeville Road, Suite 107, New Hyde Park, NY 11042, USA.
authors.forename: Norman
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Beatty
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hofstra-North Shore LIJ School of Medicine, 410 Lakeville Road, Suite 107, New Hyde Park, NY 11042, USA.
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Batemarco
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hofstra-North Shore LIJ School of Medicine, 410 Lakeville Road, Suite 107, New Hyde Park, NY 11042, USA.
authors.forename: Anthony L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Sica
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hofstra-North Shore LIJ School of Medicine, 410 Lakeville Road, Suite 107, New Hyde Park, NY 11042, USA. Electronic address: hgreenbe@nshs.edu.
authors.forename: Harly
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Greenberg
mesh_terms: D015897:Comorbidity; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy
keywords: CPAP; Cardiometabolic risk; Diabetes; Insulin resistance; Metabolic syndrome; OSA; Obstructive sleep apnea