title: Comprehensive transcriptome analysis of developing xylem responding to artificial bending and gravitational stimuli in Betula platyphylla.
abstract: Betula platyphylla Suk (birch) is a fast-growing woody species that is important in pulp industries and the biofuels. However, as an important pulp species, few studies had been performed on its wood formation. In the present study, we investigated the molecular responses of birch xylem to artificial bending and gravitational stimuli. After trunks of birch trees were subjected to bending for 8 weeks, the cellulose content was significantly greater in tension wood (TW) than in opposite wood (OW) or normal wood (NW), whereas the lignin content in TW was significantly lower than that in OW and NW. In addition, TW grew more rapidly than OW and generated TW-specific fibers with an additional G-layer. Three transcriptome libraries were constructed from TW, OW and NW of B. platyphylla, respectively, after the plants were subjected to artificial bending. Overall, 80,909 nonredundant unigenes with a mean size of 768 nt were assembled. Expression profiles were generated, and 9,684 genes were found to be significantly differentially expressed among the TW, OW and NW libraries. These included genes involved in secondary cell wall structure, wood composition, and cellulose or lignin biosynthesis. Our study showed that during TW formation, genes involved in cellulose synthesis were induced, while the expression of lignin synthesis-related genes decreased, resulting in increased cellulose content and decreased lignin levels in TW. In addition, fasciclin-like arabinogalactan proteins play important role in TW formation. These findings may provide important insights into wood formation at the molecular level.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), Harbin, China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), Harbin, China.
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), Harbin, China.
authors.forename: Caiqiu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), Harbin, China.
authors.forename: Zhiyuan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), Harbin, China.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), Harbin, China.
authors.forename: Chuanping
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), Harbin, China.
authors.forename: Yucheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D029662:Betula / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002482:Cellulose / Q000378:metabolism; D002681:China; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015723:Gene Library; D006112:Gravitation; D008031:Lignin / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D017423:Sequence Analysis, RNA; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D059467:Transcriptome / Q000235:genetics*; D052584:Xylem / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D002482:Cellulose; D008031:Lignin