title: Application of a photogrammetric kinematic model for prediction of lung volumes in adolescents: a pilot study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are several ways to measure the respiratory system, among them inductance plethysmography and three-dimensional kinematic analysis, methods of high cost and difficult transportability. The objective of this study was to correlate respiratory volumes obtained by spirometry standard equipment with a biomechanical model photogrammetric analysis of adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated 50 subjects of both genders, aged between 14 and 17 years old, excluding those with respiratory obstruction or restriction. Stickers with markers, there was a five-point mapping for anatomical modeling and photogrammetry, with each evaluated in supine position, was sought to test the Forced Vital Capacity (FVC). The test was filmed and repeated three times. Images of the films were extracted for the moment of maximum exhalation and inhalation of proof with better breathing. With the use of a commercial software, defined the respiratory volumes to the thorax and abdomen.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The photogrammetric analysis has found values strongly correlated with the spirometric measurements of FVC (0.812), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1 - 0.708), Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF - 0.762) in addition to post test performed Inspiration (IP- 0.816). There was a higher ventilatory mobility for boys than girls for Lower Chest and Lower and Upper Abdomen. It was possible to reach a regression R2 = 0.866 for proof of FVC and R2 = 0.776 for IP with the use of photogrammetry, presenting a standard error of 0.353 and 0.451, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Photogrammetry can be used to study thoracoabdominal movements by applying analytical two-dimensional and three-dimensional images acquired using a video camera being, applicable and reproducible.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Federal University of Technology-Paraná, Av, Sete de Setembro, 3165 Curitiba, Brazil. ripka.w@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Wagner L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Ripka
authors.forename: Leandra
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ulbricht
authors.forename: Pedro M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Gewehr
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008168:Lung / Q000502:physiology*; D008176:Lung Volume Measurements / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D010780:Photogrammetry / Q000379:methods*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012119:Respiration; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D013147:Spirometry / Q000379:methods*