title: Expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) as a predictor of poor pathologic response to chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced breast cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  NF-κB inhibits apoptosis through induction of antiapoptotic proteins and suppression of proapoptotic genes. Various chemotherapy agents induce NF-κB translocation and target gene activation. We conducted the present study to assess the predictive value of NF-κB regarding pathologic responses after receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We enrolled 131 patients with locally advanced invasive ductal breast carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect NF-κB expression. Evaluation of pathologic response was elaborated with the Ribero classification.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Expression of NF-κB was significantly associated with poor pathological response (p=0.02). From the multivariate analysis, it was found that the positive expression of NF-κB yielded RR=1.74 (95%CI 0.77 to 3.94).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NF-κB can be used as a predictor of poor pathological response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Tembalang Semarang, Indonesia E-mail : ywp.surgonco75@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Yan Wisnu
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Prajoko
authors.forename: Teguh
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aryandono
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008875:Middle Aged; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D016328:NF-kappa B; D004317:Doxorubicin; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D005472:Fluorouracil