title: Effect of the Mediterranean diet on heart failure biomarkers: a randomized sample from the PREDIMED trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Scarce data are available on the effect of the traditional Mediterranean diet (TMD) on heart failure biomarkers. We assessed the effect of TMD on biomarkers related to heart failure in a high cardiovascular disease risk population.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 930 subjects at high cardiovascular risk (420 men and 510 women) were recruited in the framework of a multicentre, randomized, controlled, parallel-group clinical trial directed at testing the efficacy of the TMD on the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (The PREDIMED Study). Participants were assigned to a low-fat diet (control, n = 310) or one of two TMDs [TMD + virgin olive oil (VOO) or TMD + nuts]. Depending on group assignment, participants received free provision of extra-virgin olive oil, mixed nuts, or small non-food gifts. After 1 year of intervention, both TMDs decreased plasma N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, with changes reaching significance vs. control group (P < 0.05). Oxidized low-density lipoprotein decreased in both TMD groups (P < 0.05), the decrease in TMD + VOO group reaching significance vs. changes in control group (P = 0.003). Changes in lipoprotein(a) after TMD + VOO were less than those in the control group (P = 0.046) in which an increase (P = 0.035) was observed. No changes were observed in urinary albumin or albumin/creatinine ratio.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Individuals at high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) who improved their diet toward a TMD pattern reduced their N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide compared with those assigned to a low-fat diet. The same was found for in vivo oxidized low-density lipoprotein and lipoprotein(a) plasma concentrations after the TMD + VOO diet. From our results TMD could be a useful tool to mitigate against risk factors for heart failure. From our results TMD could modify markers of heart failure towards a more protective mode.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid.
authors.forename: Montserrat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fitó
authors.forename: Ramón
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Estruch
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salas-Salvadó
authors.forename: Miguel Angel
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Martínez-Gonzalez
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Arós
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vila
authors.forename: Dolores
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Corella
authors.forename: Oscar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Díaz
authors.forename: Guillermo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sáez
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de la Torre
authors.forename: María-Teresa
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Mitjavila
authors.forename: Miguel Angel
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Muñoz
authors.forename: Rosa-María
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Lamuela-Raventós
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Gutierrez
authors.forename: Miquel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fiol
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gómez-Gracia
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lapetra
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ros
authors.forename: Lluis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Serra-Majem
authors.forename: María-Isabel
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Covas
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D018752:Diet, Fat-Restricted / Q000379:methods; D038441:Diet, Mediterranean; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000097:blood*; D009754:Nuts; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood*; D010938:Plant Oils; D011322:Primary Prevention / Q000379:methods; D013030:Spain; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D010938:Plant Oils; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein; C109794:pro-brain natriuretic peptide (1-76); D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain
keywords: Heart failure; N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; albumin/creatinine ratio; lipoprotein a; oxidized LDL; urinary albumin