title: Alpine skiing injuries in Finland - a two-year retrospective study based on a questionnaire among Ski racers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Alpine skiing is one of the most popular winter sports in the world. Nevertheless, it has always been associated with a high risk of injury. There are however, only a few studies that have examined the risk of injury of competitive skiers, especially of the junior ski racers.
  
  
  METHODS
  The inclusion criterion was an injury in alpine skiing resulting in a pause in training longer than one week. Athletes of all ages were included. The study period was from the start of the season of 2008-2009 to end of the season of 2009-2010 (two years).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average annual number of ski racers in Finland was 661. There were 61 injuries (36 males with a median age of 14 years, 25 females with a median age of 14) fulfilling the inclusion criteria. Ligamentous knee injury was the most frequent (17) and lower leg fracture the second common (16) injury, respectively. There was a female dominance in the ACL injuries. Only one major abdominal injury and no major head injuries were observed. The overall training pause was 26 weeks after the ACL injury and 17 weeks after the lower leg fracture, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The most common and most disabling injuries affect the knee and the lower leg. The high number of lower leg and ACL injuries is alarming. A continuous and careful monitoring of injuries needs to be established to assess this trend. A systematic review of injuries is the appropriate way to monitor the effects of changes made in terms of safety. The present retrospective two-year pilot study forms a base for a continuous alpine ski injury survey in Finland.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Helsinki University Hospital, PO Box 266, Helsinki, HUS FI-00026, Finland. antti.stenroos@hus.fi.
authors.forename: Antti J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Stenroos
authors.forename: Lauri E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Handolin