title: A prediction equation for the estimation of cardiorespiratory fitness using an elliptical motion trainer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In the United States of America, 6.2 million individuals are using elliptical motion trainers in fitness centres. However, graded exercise test protocols to estimate peak oxygen consumption (VO(2peak)) using elliptical motion trainers have not been developed for the general population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-nine subjects (mean age: 23.5 +/- 4.1 years) were randomly divided into a validation (VAL: n = 39) or cross-validation (XVAL: n = 20) group. Peak oxygen consumption (ml x kg(-1) x min(-1)) was measured via indirect calorimetry on an elliptical motion trainer for both groups. Subjects exercised at 150 strides x min(-1) against a resistance of four and a crossramp of 8%. The resistance was increased every two minutes by two units until exhaustion. For the VAL group, a stepwise regression analysis was used to predict VO(2peak) from resistance, maximal heart rate (HR(max)), body mass index (BMI), height and gender (female = 0, male = 1).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prediction equation derived from this study was VO(2peak) (ml x kg(-1) x min(-1)) = 187.39403 + 12.97271 (gender) - 1.45311 (height) - 1.21604 (BMI) - 0.19613 (HR(max)) + 1.57093 (resistance) (R2 = 0.76, SEE = 4.47, p < 0.05). Using this equation, the predicted VO(2peak) of the XVAL group was 45.18 +/- 6.42 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1), while the measured VO(2peak) was 43.55 +/- 6.23 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1) CONCLUSION: No significant difference was found between the measured and predicted VO(2peak) in the XVAL group. Therefore, it appears this protocol and equation will allow individuals to accurately estimate their VO(2peak) without using direct calorimetry. However future studies should investigate the validity of this protocol with diverse populations.
authors.affiliation: University of Nebraska at Kearney, Human Performance Laboratory, HPERLS Department, Kearney, Nebraska, USA.
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: University of Nebraska at Kearney, Human Performance Laboratory, HPERLS Department, Kearney, Nebraska, USA.
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Krueger
authors.affiliation: University of Nebraska at Kearney, Human Performance Laboratory, HPERLS Department, Kearney, Nebraska, USA.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.affiliation: University of Nebraska at Kearney, Human Performance Laboratory, HPERLS Department, Kearney, Nebraska, USA.
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Heelan
authors.affiliation: Department of Sport and Movement Studies, University of Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa.
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.affiliation: Office of the Deputy Pro Vice-Chancellor: Research, Monash South Africa, Ruimsig, Republic of South Africa.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Shaw
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D055815:Young Adult