title: Evaluation of nicotine and cotinine analogs as potential neuroprotective agents for Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: The currently available therapies for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related forms of dementia are limited by modest efficacy, adverse side effects, and the fact that they do not prevent the relentless progression of the illness. The purpose of the studies described here was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of the nicotine metabolite cotinine as well as a small series of cotinine and nicotine analogs (including stereoisomers) and to compare their effects to the four clinically prescribed AD therapies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, CB-3545, Georgia Regents University, 1120 Fifteenth Street, Augusta, GA 30912-2450, United States.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, CB-3545, Georgia Regents University, 1120 Fifteenth Street, Augusta, GA 30912-2450, United States.
authors.forename: Bao-Ling
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Adam
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, CB-3545, Georgia Regents University, 1120 Fifteenth Street, Augusta, GA 30912-2450, United States. Electronic address: aterry@gru.edu.
authors.forename: Alvin V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Terry
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000188:drug therapy; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003367:Cotinine / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009538:Nicotine / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D051381:Rats; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; C075222:amyloid beta-protein (1-42); D009538:Nicotine; D003367:Cotinine
keywords: Amyloid; Dementia; Disease modifying; Excitotoxicity; Glutamate; Multi-target-directed ligands; Multifunctional compounds; Neurodegeneration; Neuroprotection; Nicotinic