title: Anthropometrics and body composition by dual energy X-ray in children of obese women: a follow-up of a randomized controlled trial (the Lifestyle in Pregnancy and Offspring [LiPO] study).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In obese women, 1) to assess whether lower gestational weight gain (GWG) during pregnancy in the lifestyle intervention group of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) resulted in differences in offspring anthropometrics and body composition, and 2) to compare offspring outcomes to a reference group of children born to women with a normal Body Mass Index (BMI).
  
  
  METHODS
  The LiPO (Lifestyle in Pregnancy and Offspring) study was an offspring follow-up of a RCT with 360 obese pregnant women with a lifestyle intervention during pregnancy including dietary advice, coaching and exercise. The trial was completed by 301 women who were eligible for follow-up. In addition, to the children from the RCT, a group of children born to women with a normal BMI were included as a reference group. At 2.8 (range 2.5-3.2) years, anthropometrics were measured in 157 children of the RCT mothers and in 97 reference group children with Body Mass Index (BMI) Z-score as a primary outcome. Body composition was estimated by Dual Energy X-ray (DEXA) in 123 successful scans out of 147 (84%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  No differences between randomized groups were seen in mean (95% C.I.) BMI Z-score (intervention group 0.06 [-0.17; 0.29] vs. controls -0.18 [-0.43; 0.05]), in the percentage of overweight or obese children (10.9% vs. 6.7%), in other anthropometrics, or in body composition values by DEXA. Outcomes between children from the RCT and the reference group children were not significantly different.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The RCT with lifestyle intervention in obese pregnant women did not result in any detectable effect on offspring anthropometrics or body composition by DEXA at 2.8 years of age. This may reflect the limited difference in GWG between intervention and control groups. Offspring of obese mothers from the RCT were comparable to offspring of mothers with a normal BMI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark ; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark ; Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
authors.forename: Mette
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanvig
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark ; Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
authors.forename: Christina A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Vinter
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark ; Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jan S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Jørgensen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark ; Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
authors.forename: Sonja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wehberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark.
authors.forename: Per G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Ovesen
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark ; Division of Surgery, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Ronald F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Lamont
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark ; Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
authors.forename: Henning
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Beck-Nielsen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark ; Hans Christian Andersen Childreńs Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
authors.forename: Henrik T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Christesen
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark ; Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
authors.forename: Dorte M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Jensen
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000328:Adult; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications*; D050177:Overweight / Q000209:etiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011379:Prognosis