title: Studies on Emblica officinalis derived tannins for their immunostimulatory and protective activities against coccidiosis in industrial broiler chickens.
abstract: The present study reports the effect of Emblica officinalis (EO) derived tannins on humoral immune responses and their protective efficacy against Eimeria infection in chickens. Tannins were extracted from EO and characterized by HPLC. EO derived tannins (EOT) and commercial tannins (CT) were orally administered in broiler chicks in graded doses for three consecutive days, that is, 5th-7th days of age. On day 14 after administration of tannins, humoral immune response was detected against sheep red blood cells (SRBCs) by haemagglutination assay. Protective efficacy of tannins was measured against coccidial infection, induced by Eimeria species. Results revealed higher geomean titers against SRBCs in chickens administered with EOT as compared to those administered with CT and control group. Mean oocysts per gram of droppings were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in EOT administered chickens as compared to control group. Lesion scoring also showed the lowest caecal and intestinal lesion score of mild to moderate intensity in chickens administered with EOT. Further, significantly higher (P < 0.05) daily body weight gains and antibody titers were detected in EOT administered chickens as compared to those of CT administered and control groups. EOT showed the immunostimulatory properties in broilers and their administration in chickens boost the protective immunity against coccidiosis.
authors.affiliation: Immunoparasitology Laboratory, Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Qari Muhammad
authors.initials: QM
authors.lastname: Kaleem
authors.affiliation: Immunoparasitology Laboratory, Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan ; Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Masood
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akhtar
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology, Sub Campus Jhang, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Mian Muhammad
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Awais
authors.affiliation: Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saleem
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muddassar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zafar
authors.affiliation: Immunoparasitology Laboratory, Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Zafar
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Iqbal
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Faqir
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Muhammad
authors.affiliation: Poultry Research Institute, Office of Deputy District Livestock Officer (Poultry), Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad Irfan
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5523-227X
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Anwar
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens; D003048:Coccidiosis / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary; D004539:Eimeria; D029842:Phyllanthus emblica / Q000737:chemistry*; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013634:Tannins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D013634:Tannins