title: Oilseeds ameliorate metabolic parameters in male mice, while contained lignans inhibit 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The focus was directed to the study of two of the most lignan-rich food sources: sesame and flaxseeds. Recent epidemiological and experimental evidences suggesting that these foods may improve metabolic functions underlying metabolic syndrome (MetS).
  
  
  METHODS
  To characterize the effect of these oilseeds on metabolic functions, we conducted an experimental study aimed at preventing adiposity and metabolic imbalance in a mouse model of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced MetS. Statistical analysis was performed by two-way analysis of variance test followed by post hoc Bonferroni analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We studied the effect of the oilseeds sesame and flaxseed on metabolic parameters in mice on a HFD. When the HFD was integrated with 20% of sesame or flaxseed flours, the mice showed a decrease in body fat, already at day 15, from time 0. The size of the adipocytes was smaller in epididymal fat, liver steatosis was inhibited, and insulin sensitivity was higher in mice on the supplemented diets. The supplemented diets also resulted in a significant increase in the serum levels of the lignan metabolites enterodiol and enterolactone compared with the controls. The expression of genes associated with the inflammatory response, glucose metabolism, adipose metabolism and nuclear receptor were altered by the oilseed-supplemented diets. Some of the most abundant lignans in these oilseeds were studied in 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cells and were effective in inhibiting adipocyte differentiation at the minimal dose of 1 nM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The consumption of sesame and flaxseed may be beneficial to decrease metabolic parameters that are generally altered in MetS.
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology/3rd Laboratory, Civic Hospital of Brescia, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Biasiotto
authors.forename: Marialetizia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Penza
authors.forename: Isabella
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Zanella
authors.forename: Moris
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cadei
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Caimi
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rossini
authors.forename: Annika I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Smeds
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Di Lorenzo
mesh_terms: D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D015107:4-Butyrolactone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology; D050154:Adiposity; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D017705:Lignans / Q000097:blood; D008043:Linseed Oil / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D012715:Sesame Oil / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D017705:Lignans; C029498:2,3-bis(3'-hydroxybenzyl)butane-1,4-diol; D008043:Linseed Oil; D012715:Sesame Oil; D015107:4-Butyrolactone; C029497:2,3-bis(3'-hydroxybenzyl)butyrolactone