title: Association and interaction effect between VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) gene polymorphisms and dietary pattern on blood uric acid in Malays and Indians.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gout and hyperuricaemia attributed to genetic and lifestyle factors have been associated with several chronic diseases. This study aimed to determine the association and interaction effects between vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) gene polymorphisms (rs1870377 and rs2071559) and dietary patterns on blood uric acid in Malay and Indian adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dietary intakes of 153 Malays and 177 Indians were obtained using a food frequency questionnaire for the construction of dietary patterns using factor analysis. Genotyping of rs1870377 and rs2071559 was performed by real-time PCR using TaqMan probes. Anthropometric measurements, body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure and biomarkers, uric acid, glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and blood lipids were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant differences in the mean values for HbA1c (41 +/- 12 vs 45 +/- 8 mmol/mol, p < 0.001) and blood lipids levels (p < 0.05) between Malays and Indians. Significant correlations were obtained between uric acid with selected blood lipids (p < 0.05) and BMI in Malays (r = 0.362, p < 0.001) and Indians (r = 0.212, p < 0.01). Four dietary patterns were extracted from dietary intakes of all subjects: 'Vegetables diet'; 'Fruits diet' (FD); 'Animal protein and rice diet'; and 'Fast foods and preserved foods diet'. There were no significant associations between dietary patterns (p = 0.054-0.609) and VEGFR-2 gene polymorphisms (p = 0.348-0.778) with uric acid. In Malay subjects, the interaction of rs2071559 and FD had a borderline effect (p = 0.05) on blood uric acid after adjusting for potential confounders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The associations and gene-diet interactions involving VEGFR-2 gene polymorphisms and FD on uric acid provide new information on gout and hyperuricaemia risks in Malays.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Human Health Science, University of Nagasaki, Nagayo, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Yap W K
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Roseline
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Human Health Science, University of Nagasaki, Nagayo, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shidoji
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Hon
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Human Health Science, University of Nagasaki, Nagayo, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Masaki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004032:Diet; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D057140:Fast Foods; D005260:Female; D005502:Food; D005638:Fruit; D005838:Genotype; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006073:Gout / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D033461:Hyperuricemia / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics; D007194:India / Q000208:ethnology; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008296:Malaysia / Q000208:ethnology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood*; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 / Q000235:genetics*; D014675:Vegetables
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D008055:Lipids; D014527:Uric Acid; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2