title: Phase I Study of Pazopanib and Ixabepilone in Patients With Solid Tumors.
abstract: Pazopanib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor predominantly acting on tumor endothelium, and ixabepilone is a semisynthetic analog of epothilone B that promotes microtubule stabilization inducing tumor and tumor endothelial cell apoptosis. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal tolerated dose (OTD) of the combination of pazopanib and ixabepilone for the treatment of metastatic previously treated solid tumors.
  
  
  
  Dose escalation started at 32 mg/m of ixabepilone and increased to 40 mg/m. Pazopanib was administered initially at 400 mg and escalated at 200 mg increments up to 800 mg. Pharmacokinetic analysis assessed effect of ixabepilone on pazopanib metabolism. Correlative studies evaluated changes in angiogenic cytokines.
  
  
  
  Thirty-one patients (20 male and 11 female; median age, 58 y) with ECOG PS of 0 or 1 were enrolled. Three patients had dose-limiting toxicities (fatigue and neutropenia) at dose level 2 (ixabepilone 40 mg/m and pazopanib 400 mg), and therefore the ixabepilone dose was decreased (32 mg/m) before escalating pazopanib to levels 3 and 4. One patient had a dose-limiting toxicity (thrombocytopenia) at dose level 4 (ixabepilone 32 mg/m and pazopanib 800 mg). Dose level 3 was determined to be the OTD (pazopanib 600 mg and ixabepilone 32 mg/m). The most common toxicities were cytopenias. A significant decrease in the level of sE-selectin was associated with improvement in progression free survival.
  
  
  
  The OTD for combination of pazopanib and ixabepilone was established. There was no impact of ixabepilone on pazopanib pharmacokinetics. The relationship between sE-selectin and progression free survival warrants further investigation.
authors.affiliation: *University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis §Biothera, Eagan, MN †Department of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX ‡University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Chitra
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ganesan
authors.forename: Sri J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Obulareddy
authors.forename: James H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: Mary A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Antonysamy
authors.forename: Gautam
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jha
authors.forename: Robin L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Bliss
authors.forename: Arkadiusz Z
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Dudek
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000097:blood; D034261:Epothilones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005221:Fatigue / Q000139:chemically induced; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007191:Indazoles; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000139:chemically induced; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D019233:Retreatment; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D015996:Survival Rate; D013921:Thrombocytopenia / Q000139:chemically induced
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D016207:Cytokines; D019040:E-Selectin; D034261:Epothilones; D007191:Indazoles; D011743:Pyrimidines; D013449:Sulfonamides; C516667:pazopanib; C430592:ixabepilone