title: Epigenetics in hepatocellular carcinoma: an update and future therapy perspectives.
abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the predominant form of adult liver malignancies, is a global health concern. Its dismal prognosis has prompted recent significant advances in the understanding of its etiology and pathogenesis. The deregulation of epigenetic mechanisms, which maintain heritable gene expression changes and chromatin organization, is implicated in the development of multiple cancers, including HCC. This review summarizes the current knowledge of epigenetic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of HCC, with an emphasis on HCC mediated by chronic hepatitis B virus infection. This review also discusses the encouraging outcomes and lessons learnt from epigenetic therapies for hematological and other solid cancers, and highlights the future potential of similar therapies in the treatment of HCC.
authors.affiliation: Li Ma, Mei-Sze Chua, Samuel So, Asian Liver Center and Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Li Ma, Mei-Sze Chua, Samuel So, Asian Liver Center and Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States.
authors.forename: Mei-Sze
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Chua
authors.affiliation: Li Ma, Mei-Sze Chua, Samuel So, Asian Liver Center and Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States.
authors.forename: Ourania
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Andrisani
authors.affiliation: Li Ma, Mei-Sze Chua, Samuel So, Asian Liver Center and Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States.
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: So
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy / Q000821:virology; D042002:Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly; D019175:DNA Methylation; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000150:complications; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy / Q000821:virology; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000378:metabolism; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D010641:Phenotype; D011379:Prognosis; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding / Q000378:metabolism; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D006657:Histones; D035683:MicroRNAs; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding
keywords: DNA methylation; Epigenetics; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Histone modification; lncRNA; miRNA