title: Novel primate miRNAs coevolved with ancient target genes in germinal zone-specific expression patterns.
abstract: Major nonprimate-primate differences in cortico-genesis include the dimensions, precursor lineages, and developmental timing of the germinal zones (GZs). microRNAs (miRNAs) of laser-dissected GZ compartments and cortical plate (CP) from embryonic E80 macaque visual cortex were deep sequenced. The CP and the GZ including ventricular zone (VZ) and outer and inner subcompartments of the outer subventricular zone (OSVZ) in area 17 displayed unique miRNA profiles. miRNAs present in primate, but absent in rodent, contributed disproportionately to the differential expression between GZ subregions. Prominent among the validated targets of these miRNAs were cell-cycle and neurogenesis regulators. Coevolution between the emergent miRNAs and their targets suggested that novel miRNAs became integrated into ancient gene circuitry to exert additional control over proliferation. We conclude that multiple cell-cycle regulatory events contribute to the emergence of primate-specific cortical features, including the OSVZ, generated enlarged supragranular layers, largely responsible for the increased primate cortex computational abilities.
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Research Institute and Department Cellular Molecular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
authors.forename: Mary L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Arcila
authors.affiliation: Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, INSERM U846, 18 Avenue Doyen Lepine, 69500 Bron, France; Université de Lyon, Université Lyon I, 69003 Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Betizeau
authors.affiliation: Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Sciences University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97068, USA.
authors.forename: Xiaolu A
authors.initials: XA
authors.lastname: Cambronne
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Research Institute and Department Cellular Molecular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
authors.forename: Elmer
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Guzman
authors.affiliation: Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, INSERM U846, 18 Avenue Doyen Lepine, 69500 Bron, France; Université de Lyon, Université Lyon I, 69003 Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Doerflinger
authors.affiliation: Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, INSERM U846, 18 Avenue Doyen Lepine, 69500 Bron, France; Université de Lyon, Université Lyon I, 69003 Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Frantz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bouhallier
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Research Institute and Department Cellular Molecular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
authors.forename: Hongjun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Research Institute and Department Cellular Molecular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
authors.forename: Bian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Research Institute and Department Cellular Molecular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
authors.forename: Neha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rani
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Research Institute and Department Cellular Molecular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
authors.forename: Danielle S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Bassett
authors.affiliation: Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, INSERM U846, 18 Avenue Doyen Lepine, 69500 Bron, France; Université de Lyon, Université Lyon I, 69003 Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Ugo
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Borello
authors.affiliation: Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, INSERM U846, 18 Avenue Doyen Lepine, 69500 Bron, France; Université de Lyon, Université Lyon I, 69003 Lyon, France; Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69004 Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Cyril
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Huissoud
authors.affiliation: Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Sciences University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97068, USA.
authors.forename: Richard H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Goodman
authors.affiliation: Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, INSERM U846, 18 Avenue Doyen Lepine, 69500 Bron, France; Université de Lyon, Université Lyon I, 69003 Lyon, France. Electronic address: colette.dehay@inserm.fr.
authors.forename: Colette
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dehay
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Research Institute and Department Cellular Molecular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA. Electronic address: kenneth.kosik@lifesci.ucsb.edu.
authors.forename: Kenneth S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kosik
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D008251:Macaca / Q000235:genetics*; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics*; D055495:Neurogenesis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs