title: Effect of fluoride gels supplemented with sodium trimetaphosphate on enamel erosion and abrasion: in vitro study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This in vitro study aims to evaluate the effect of low fluoride (F) gel associate sodium trimetaphosphate (TMP) on erosion with or without abrasion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Enamel blocks (4 mm × 4 mm) selected through surface hardness (SH) is divided into five groups (n=12): gel without F and TMP (placebo), gel containing 4500 ppm F (4500), gel containing 4500 ppm F plus TMP5% (4500 TMP5%), gel containing 9000 ppm F (9000), and gel containing 12,300 ppm F (acid gel). Those groups were additionally subdivided into conditions of erosion (Ero) and of erosion plus abrasion (Ero/Abra). The blocks have undergone a single application of gel on the first day of the study. The erosion challenge was produced by Sprite Zero for five minutes four times a day and abrasion was carried out by machine brushing for 15s. After the challenges, the surface hardness (%SH), wear and cross-sectional hardness (ΔKHN) were analyzed. The data were analyzed using a 2-way ANOVA test followed by a Student-Newman-Keuls (p<0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lower values of %SH, wear and ΔKHN were observed for erosion challenge (p<0.001). The %SH was lower in groups treated with fluoride gels, differing in the placebo (p<0.05). With addition of TMP to the gel 4500, enamel wear was lower when compared with another groups (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In vitro conditions, the 4500 5%TMP gel showed greatest effect against erosion and erosion/abrasion.
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Odontologia, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: L P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Pancote
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Odontologia, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Manarelli
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Odontologia, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Danelon
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Odontologia, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: adelbem@foa.unesp.br.
authors.forename: A C B
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Delbem
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002417:Cattle; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects*; D005460:Fluorides, Topical / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005782:Gels; D006244:Hardness; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D011122:Polyphosphates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013499:Surface Properties; D014072:Tooth Abrasion / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014077:Tooth Erosion / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D005460:Fluorides, Topical; D005782:Gels; D011122:Polyphosphates; C009293:trimetaphosphoric acid
keywords: Dental enamel; Fluoride gels; Polyphosphates; Tooth abrasion; Tooth erosion; Topical fluorides