title: Production of crude cellulase and xylanase from Trichoderma harzianum PPDDN10 NFCCI-2925 and its application in photocopier waste paper recycling.
abstract: This paper implies production of cellulase and xylanase enzyme using a potent strain of Trichoderma harzianum for the efficient deinking of photocopier waste papers. Different nutritional and environmental factors were optimized for higher production of cellulase along with xylanase. After fermentation, maximum enzyme extraction was achieved from fermented matter using a three-step extraction process with increased efficiency by 26.6-29.3 % over single-step extraction. Static solid state was found as the best fermentation type using wheat bran (WB) as carbon source and ammonium ferrous sulfate (0.02 M) as nitrogen source. Subsequently, inoculum size (8 × 10(6) CFU/gds), incubation days (4 days), temperature (34 °C), initial pH (6.0), and moisture ratio (1:3) significantly affected the enzyme production. Cellulase and xylanase activities were found to be maximum at pH 5.5 and temperature 55-60 °C with good stability (even up to 6 h). Furthermore, this crude enzyme was evaluated for the deinking of photocopier waste papers without affecting the strength properties with improved drainage as an additional advantage. The crude enzyme-deinked pulp showed 23.6 % higher deinking efficiency and 3.2 % higher brightness than chemically deinked pulp. Strength properties like tensile, burst indices, and folding endurance were also observed to improve by 6.7, 13.4, and 10.3 %, respectively, for enzyme-deinked pulp. However, the tear index was decreased by 10.5 %. The freeness of the pulp was also increased by 21.6 % with reduced drainage time by 13.9 %.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paper Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur, 247001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Puneet
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pathak
authors.forename: Nishi Kant
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Bhardwaj
authors.forename: Ajay Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D002244:Carbon / Q000494:pharmacology; D002480:Cellulase / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D043364:Endo-1,4-beta Xylanases / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D005285:Fermentation; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007281:Ink; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000494:pharmacology; D055620:Optical Phenomena; D010209:Paper; D059027:Recycling / Q000379:methods*; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014242:Trichoderma / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002244:Carbon; D002480:Cellulase; D043364:Endo-1,4-beta Xylanases; D009584:Nitrogen