title: Effort training in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Physical therapy strategies have recently proved their efficacy in the field of Parkinson's disease management. The purpose of this paper was to access the efficacy and the limits of aerobic training and strength training included in physical rehabilitation programs and to define practical modalities.
  
  
  METHODS
  A comprehensive search on Pubmed and Cochrane databases was made.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five literature revues and thirty one randomised trials have been selected. Exercise training improves aerobic capacities, muscle strength, walking, posture and balance parameters. Rehabilitation programs should begin as soon as possible, last several weeks and be repeated. They should include aerobic training on bicycle or treadmill and a muscle strengthening program.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is evidence that aerobic and strength training improve physical habilities of patients suffering from Parkinson's Disease. Rehabilitation programs should be discussed with the patient, taking in account his difficulties and his physical capacities. Two questions are debatable: exercise intensity and phase ON / phase OFF timing.
authors.affiliation: Pôle autonomie et santé, service de médecine physique et de réadaptation, hôpital Sébastopol, CHU de Reims, 48, rue de Sébastopol, 51092 Reims cedex, France. Electronic address: lulucie_76@hotmail.fr.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tambosco
authors.affiliation: Pôle autonomie et santé, service de médecine physique et de réadaptation, hôpital Sébastopol, CHU de Reims, 48, rue de Sébastopol, 51092 Reims cedex, France.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Percebois-Macadré
authors.affiliation: Pôle autonomie et santé, service de médecine physique et de réadaptation, hôpital Sébastopol, CHU de Reims, 48, rue de Sébastopol, 51092 Reims cedex, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rapin
authors.affiliation: Pôle autonomie et santé, service de médecine physique et de réadaptation, hôpital Sébastopol, CHU de Reims, 48, rue de Sébastopol, 51092 Reims cedex, France.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nicomette-Bardel
authors.affiliation: Pôle autonomie et santé, service de médecine physique et de réadaptation, hôpital Sébastopol, CHU de Reims, 48, rue de Sébastopol, 51092 Reims cedex, France; Université Reims Champagne-Ardenne, EA 3797, rue Cognacq-Jay, 51095 Reims cedex, France.
authors.forename: F-C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Boyer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003071:Cognition; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005684:Gait; D006801:Humans; D053580:Muscle Strength; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000379:methods*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
keywords: Entraînement en résistance; Exercice physique; Exercise therapy; Exercise training; Maladie de Parkinson; Parkinson's disease; Physical therapy; Renforcement des capacités; Strength training; Traitement par les exercices physiques