title: Palatability and stability of shortbread made with low saturated fat content.
abstract: High consumption of saturated fatty acids (SFA) is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and the European Food Safety Agency has called for lower SFA intake. This study assessed the formulation of low SFA shortbreads by replacing 60% and 70% of the butter content with high oleic sunflower oil and water. The quality of the low SFA shortbreads was evaluated through acidity, peroxide value, moisture, ash content, water activity, pH, protein, fat content, and fatty acid profiles. A sensory evaluation was performed to ascertain the effect on flavor. Stability of the new formulations was assessed by conducting accelerated shelf-life studies. The high oleic sunflower oil replacement of butter at levels of 60% and 70% decreased the final SFA content by 52% and 61%, respectively. On the other hand, monounsaturated fat content increased 55% on average while polyunsaturated fat content increased by 40%. Furthermore the new formulations possess quality parameters similar to those of traditional shortbreads (TSs). The study of the shelf life of the products showed that there are no significant variations in peroxide values, malondialdehyde content, or fatty acid profiles in biscuits over time, confirming their high stability. The quantitative descriptive analysis showed that the TS and low SFA shortbreads have similar sensory profiles, and the consumer tests indicated that the low SFA shortbreads were well liked.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Science, Univ. of Perugia, Via san Costanzo, 06126, Perugia, Italy.
authors.forename: Ombretta
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Marconi
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Martini
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mangione
authors.forename: Caterina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Falconi
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pepe
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Perretti
mesh_terms: D001939:Bread / Q000032:analysis; D002079:Butter; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D018752:Diet, Fat-Restricted; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated / Q000032:analysis; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis; D006368:Helianthus / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000032:analysis; D019301:Oleic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry*; D000074242:Sunflower Oil; D013649:Taste
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; D005227:Fatty Acids; D010938:Plant Oils; D000074242:Sunflower Oil; D019301:Oleic Acid; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D002079:Butter
keywords: fatty acids; food composition; food quality; omega-3 fatty acids; optimization