title: Cholangiocarcinoma: increasing burden of classifications.
abstract: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a very heterogeneous cancer from any point of view, including epidemiology, risk factors, morphology, pathology, molecular pathology, modalities of growth and clinical features. Given this heterogeneity, a uniform classification respecting the epidemiologic, pathologic and clinical needs is currently lacking. In this manuscript we discussed the different proposed classifications of CCA in relation with recent advances in pathophysiology and biology of this cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Polo Pontino, Rome, Italy;
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cardinale
authors.affiliation: Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Polo Pontino, Rome, Italy;
authors.forename: Maria Consiglia
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Bragazzi
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Rome, Italy; ; Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy;
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Carpino
authors.affiliation: Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Polo Pontino, Rome, Italy;
authors.forename: Alessia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Torrice
authors.affiliation: Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Polo Pontino, Rome, Italy;
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fraveto
authors.affiliation: Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Polo Pontino, Rome, Italy;
authors.forename: Raffaele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gentile
authors.affiliation: Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Polo Pontino, Rome, Italy;
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pasqualino
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery and Organ Transplantation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy;
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Melandro
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy;
authors.forename: Camilla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Aliberti
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy;
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bastianelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy;
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brunelli
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery and Organ Transplantation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy;
authors.forename: Pasquale Bartolomeo
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Berloco
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Rome, Italy;
authors.forename: Eugenio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gaudio
authors.affiliation: Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Polo Pontino, Rome, Italy; ; Eleonora Lorillard Spencer-Cenci Foundation, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Alvaro
keywords: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA); biliary cancerogenesis; biliary tree stem/progenitor cells; cells of origin; extra-hepatic CCA; hepatic stem/progenitor cells; intra-hepatic CCA