title: Novel molecular angiotensin converting enzyme and angiotensin receptor imaging techniques.
abstract: Angiotensin II (AII), an octapeptide member of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), is formed by the enzyme angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and exerts adverse cellular effects through an interaction with its type 1 receptor (AT1R). Both ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) mitigate the vasoconstrictive, proliferative, proinflammatory, proapoptotic, and profibrotic effects of AII and are widely used as effective anti-remodeling agents in clinical practice. Prediction of individual response to these agents, however, remains problematic and is influenced by many factors including race, gender, and genotype. In addition, systemic and tissue RAS activity do not correlate closely. This report summarizes the results of on-going attempts to noninvasively determine tissue ACE activity and AT1R expression using novel nuclear tracers. It is hoped that the availability of such imaging techniques improve treatment of heart failure through more selective pharmacologic intervention and better dose titration of available drugs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, St. Luke's University Health Network, 801 Ostrum Street, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA, jamshid.shirani@sluhn.org.
authors.forename: Jamshid
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shirani
authors.forename: Vasken
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dilsizian
mesh_terms: D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D011945:Receptors, Angiotensin / Q000819:agonists*; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000187:drug effects*; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
chemical_list: D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D011945:Receptors, Angiotensin