title: Report: prevalence of shigellosis in three different areas of Karachi.
abstract: Shigellosis is communicated when the pathogen is swallowed down through the factors like stool or polluted hands with dust. Inappropriate hygienic conditions may reach such clinical manifestations. Shigellosis is frequently originated in crowded places and where hygienic conditions are insufficient and sanitation is poor. Infections easily transmissible from person to person like family members or infected playmates. The disease can easily transmit through infected food handlers with inappropriate hygienic conditions, crops nurturing in contaminated water with sewage line system, swimming in contaminated pool water. Similarly houseflies can also form an important vector for its transmission. In this study, Ecological factors were also the causative indicators for the disease. The issue was the water contamination of the different areas of Karachi mainly the Pehlwan Goth, Safora Goth. Then another area we focused was Patel Para in which Salmonella species were present. Other indicator was the individual-to-individual transfer that was common in Safora Goth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Eastern Medicine, Hamdard University, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Tasneem
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Qureshi
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Eastern Medicine, Hamdard University, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Aftab
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saeed
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Eastern Medicine, Hamdard University, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Khan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Usmanghani
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004405:Dysentery, Bacillary / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010154:Pakistan / Q000453:epidemiology; D012722:Sewage; D012737:Sex Factors; D012760:Shigella; D014505:Urban Population; D014881:Water Supply; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D012722:Sewage