title: [A neuropsychological comparison of bipolar disorder and adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study aimed to compare cognitive signs of bipolar disorder patients with that of adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study comprised 66 bipolar disorder patients, 63 ADHD patients, and 58 healthy controls.Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis-I Disorders (SCID-I), Wender Utah Rating Scale, and Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Rating Scale were performed in all subjects, whereas bipolar disorder patients underwent additional Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and Young Mania Rating Scale. Subsequently, all participants underwent cognitive assessment including Digit Ordering Test, Verbal Memory Process Test, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and Stroop Test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bipolar disorder, ADHD and control groups did not differ significantly from each other with regard to age, sex and duration of education. Bipolar patients displayed poorer performance in Digit Span Test, Verbal Memory Process Test, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and Stroop Test as compared to the control group. ADHD patients were worse than the control subjects in Stroop Test (subtest of difference in times). Bipolar disorder patients were poorer than ADHD patients in cognitive tests except for Stroop Test.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In general, bipolar disorder patients have much more severe cognitive impairment than ADHD patients in terms of verbal memory and executive functions. The results supports the idea of bipolar disorder and ADHD are different, at least in terms of cognitive performance.
authors.forename: Neslihan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Levent
authors.forename: Selim
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tümkaya
authors.forename: Figen
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ateşçi
authors.forename: Halide
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tüysüzoğlu
authors.forename: Gülfizar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Varma
authors.forename: Nalan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Oğuzhanoğlu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D055815:Young Adult