title: Novel co-axial prilling technique for the development of core-shell particles as delayed drug delivery systems.
abstract: In this study, biocompatible double layered beads consisting of pectin core and alginate shell were prepared through a single step manufacturing process based on prilling apparatus equipped with co-axial nozzles. The core was loaded with piroxicam (PRX) as model non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Morphology, size distribution and shape of the double layered beads varied depending on the operative conditions and polymer concentrations. Co-axial nozzles size, applied vibration frequency, gelling conditions and, mainly, polymers mass ratio were identified as critical variables. Particularly, the relative viscosity of polymeric feed solutions inside the nozzle was the key parameter to obtain homogeneous and well-formed coated particles. The produced beads were investigated for the release kinetic in different media. Once PRX was encapsulated within the pectin core, a controlled release pattern was observed. Particularly, beads produced with 4:1 core/shell ratio (F4) released less than 30% of PRX in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) while total liberation of the drug was achieved during the next 3h in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF). More interesting, F4 tested in SIF was able to release drug in a delayed and sustained manner at established time points (2h_8.2%, 3h_32.2%, 4h_70.1% and 5h_about 100%). Based on the above results, co-axial prilling approach is expected to provide success in manufacturing systems with delayed drug release profiles. Such systems may be potentially useful in targeting diseases which are affected by the circadian rhythm, such as chronic inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy.
authors.forename: Pasquale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Del Gaudio
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy. Electronic address: gauriemma@unisa.it.
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Auriemma
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mencherini
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy.
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Campiglia
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy.
authors.forename: Mariateresa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stigliani
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy.
authors.forename: Rita Patrizia
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Aquino
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000737:chemistry; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000737:chemistry*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D005782:Gels / Q000737:chemistry; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D010316:Particle Size; D010368:Pectins / Q000737:chemistry; D010894:Piroxicam / Q000737:chemistry; D012995:Solubility; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods*; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D005782:Gels; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D010894:Piroxicam; D010368:Pectins; D020723:Glucuronic Acid
keywords: Chronotherapy; Co-axial prilling; Core–shell beads; Delayed drug delivery systems; Natural polysaccharides; Piroxicam