title: Genital chronic graft-versus-host disease in females: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: Using the National Institutes of Health (NIH) consensus criteria for chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD), we assessed the prevalence, symptoms, and clinical signs of female genital cGVHD in a cross-sectional population-based study. Forty-two women were evaluated at a median of 80 months (range, 13 to 148 months) after undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Medical history, ongoing medications, and genital signs and symptoms were recorded. Gynecologic examination for the diagnosis and clinical scoring of genital cGVHD was combined with clinical scoring of extragenital cGVHD for the estimation of each patient's global cGVHD score. Biopsy specimens from the genital mucosa were obtained from 38 patients. Genital cGVHD was diagnosed in 22 of 42 patients (52%). Its presence was associated with systemic corticoid steroid treatment of extragenital cGVHD (P = .001), older age (P = .07), and HSCT from a sibling donor (P = .002). Five patients had isolated genital cGVHD. Dryness, pain, smarting pain (P < .05 for all), and dyspareunia (P = .001) were observed more frequently in the women with genital cGVHD. Twelve patients had advanced genital cGVHD (clinical score 3), which was the main factor explaining the high rate (15 of 42) of severe global cGVHD. The rate of genital cGVHD was similar (P = .37) in patients with a follow-up of ≥80 months (10 of 22) and those with a follow-up of <80 months (12 of 20). We found no convincing relationship between clinical diagnosis and histopathological assessment of mucosal biopsy specimens. In our group of women with a long follow-up after HSCT, genital cGVHD was common and in many cases incorrectly diagnosed. Genital cGVHD causes genital symptoms and affects sexual life, and may present without any other cGVHD, warranting early and continuous gynecologic surveillance in all women after HSCT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NU Hospital Group, Trollhättan, and Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Smith Knutsson
authors.affiliation: Section of Hematology and Coagulation, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Yvonne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Björk
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NU Hospital Group, Trollhättan, Sweden.
authors.forename: Anna-Karin
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Broman
authors.affiliation: Rape Victim Center, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Lotti
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Helström
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Norrlands University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Anne-Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Levin Jakobsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Ola
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sundfeldt
authors.affiliation: Section of Hematology and Coagulation, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg, Sweden. Electronic address: brune@gu.se.
authors.forename: Mats
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brune
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004414:Dyspareunia / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005831:Genital Diseases, Female / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology; D006086:Graft vs Host Disease / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D019172:Transplantation Conditioning / Q000009:adverse effects*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; Chronic graft-versus-host disease; Dyspareunia; Female genitalia