title: Post-catheterisation arterial thrombosis in children--pathophysiology, prevention, and treatment.
abstract: Lower limb ischaemia is the most frequent complication of cardiac catheterisation in children. It is often overlooked, but it can cause significant disability and may limit arterial access sites to repeat diagnostic or interventional catheterisations. A narrative review of the literature on arterial access site thrombosis in children was carried out with a special focus on current evidence that supports preventive and treatment strategies. Anticoagulation, thrombolysis, and thrombectomy have been used successfully to treat arterial access site thrombosis. However, it is not completely established which is the role of each treatment modality and what is the most appropriate timing to deliver it. Therefore, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies have to be prospectively investigated, particularly for clarifying the role of new pharmacologic interventions and of percutaneous and surgical thrombectomy in the current era.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Cardiology I,Santa Maria Hospital - CHLN,Lisbon Academic Medical Centre,CCUL,Lisbon,Portugal.
authors.forename: João
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Silva Marques
authors.affiliation: 3Department of Paediatrics,Santa Maria Hospital - CHLN,Lisbon Academic Medical Centre,Lisbon,Portugal.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
mesh_terms: D000792:Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D001158:Arteries; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D011379:Prognosis; D017131:Thrombectomy / Q000379:methods*; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler / Q000379:methods*