title: Effects of pentoxifylline on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of pentoxifylline therapy in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library and the Chinese Biomedicine Database for all relevant controlled trials of pentoxifylline in patients with NAFLD from 1997 to July 2013. Five studies (3 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials and 2 prospective cohort studies with concurrent controls) were included in this meta-analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using RevMan 5.0 software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five randomized trials of 147 patients with NAFLD/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) were included. The results showed that compared to placebo, pentoxifylline therapy resulted in a signiﬁcant decrease in body weight (P = 0.04), alanine aminotransferase (P < 0.00001), aspartate transaminase (P = 0.0006), glucose (P = 0.0008) and tumor necrosis factor-α (P = 0.007), but did not significantly affect body mass index (P = 0.28), total cholesterol (P = 0.80), triglyceride (P = 0.98), alkaline phosphatase (P = 0.29), γ-glutamyl transferase (P = 0.39) and interleukin-6 (P = 0.38). With regard to histological changes, pentoxifylline only reduced the NAFLD activity score (P < 0.00001) and improved lobular inflammation (P < 0.0001). Improvements in steatosis grade (P = 0.11), ballooning (P = 0.10) and fibrosis (P = 0.50) were not obvious.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pentoxifylline therapy results in weight loss, improved liver function and histological changes in patients with NAFLD/NASH. Therefore, pentoxifylline may be a new treatment option for NAFLD.
authors.affiliation: Juan Du, Yan-Yan Ma, Chao-Hui Yu, You-Ming Li, Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Juan Du, Yan-Yan Ma, Chao-Hui Yu, You-Ming Li, Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China.
authors.forename: Yan-Yan
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Juan Du, Yan-Yan Ma, Chao-Hui Yu, You-Ming Li, Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China.
authors.forename: Chao-Hui
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Juan Du, Yan-Yan Ma, Chao-Hui Yu, You-Ming Li, Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China.
authors.forename: You-Ming
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010431:Pentoxifylline / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010431:Pentoxifylline
keywords: Meta-analysis; Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; Pentoxifylline