title: Advanced treatment of refractory organic pollutants in petrochemical industrial wastewater by bioactive enhanced ponds and wetland system.
abstract: A large-scale combined ponds-wetland system was applied for advanced treatment of refractory pollutants in petrochemical industrial wastewater. The system was designed to enhance bioactivity and biological diversity, which consisted of anaerobic ponds (APs), facultative ponds (FPs), aerobic pond and wetland. The refractory pollutants in the petrochemical wastewater to be treated were identified as alkanes, chloroalkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons, and olefins, which were significantly degraded and transformed along with the influent flowing through the enhanced bioactive ponds-wetland system. 8 years of recent operational data revealed that the average removal rate of stable chemical oxygen demand (COD) was 42.7 % and that influent COD varied from 92.3 to 195.6 mg/L. Final effluent COD could reach 65.8 mg/L (average). COD removal rates were high in the APs and FPs and accounted for 75 % of the total amount removed. This result indicated that the APs and FPs degraded refractory pollutants through the facilitation of bacteria growth. The changes in the community structures of major microbes were assessed by 16SrDNA-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. The same analysis was used to identify the main bacterial function for the removal of refractory pollutants in the APs and FPs. The APs and FPs displayed similar microbial diversities, and some of the identified bacteria degraded and removed refractory pollutants. The overall results proved the applicability, stability, and high efficiency of the ponds-wetland system with enhanced bioactivity in the advanced removal of refractory pollutants from petrochemical industrial wastewater.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Monitoring of Geographic Environment, College of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin Normal University, No. 1 Shida Road, Limin Economic Development Zone, Harbin, 150025, China, hitls@126.com.
authors.forename: Shuo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Qiusha
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Baozhen
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jifu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D057919:Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; D007220:Industrial Waste; D059013:Microbial Consortia; D059392:Petroleum Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D018508:Water Purification; D053833:Wetlands
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical