title: Changing the landscape of the HIV epidemic among MSM in China: results from three consecutive respondent-driven sampling surveys from 2009 to 2011.
abstract: This study assessed the changes of HIV incidence and its predictors among Beijing's men who have sex with men (MSM). Three consecutive cross-sectional surveys were carried out using a consistent respondent-driven sampling (RDS) approach in 2009, 2010, and 2011, respectively. Structured-questionnaire based interviews were completed with computer-assisted self-administration. Incident infection was examined with BED capture enzyme immunoassay (BED-CEIA). The overall rate of HIV prevalence was 8.0% in the three years (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.9%-11.2%). The overall rate of BED-CEIA incidence was 7.8/100 person years (PY) (95% CI: 5.5-10.1) with 6.8/100PY (95% CI: 3.4-10.2) in 2009, 11.2/100PY (95% CI: 6.2-16.3) in 2010, and 5.8/100PY (95% CI: 2.4-9.3) in 2011, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that, compared with HIV-negative MSM, recently infected MSM were more likely to be bisexual (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.1-4.1), live in Beijing ≤3 years (AOR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.2-4.0), and have a negative attitude towards safe sex (AOR = 1.1 per scale point, 95% CI: 1.0-1.1). This study demonstrated a disturbing rise of HIV infections among Beijing's MSM. These findings underscored the urgency of scaling up effective and better-targeted intervention services to stop the rapid spread of the virus.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, No. 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China ; Karamay Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Karamay 834000, China.
authors.forename: Xuefeng
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0801-1524
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100013, China.
authors.forename: Hongyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2141-2701
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.affiliation: Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100013, China.
authors.forename: Yuejuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100013, China.
authors.forename: Dongyan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100013, China.
authors.forename: Yanming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100013, China.
authors.forename: Xiong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, No. 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, No. 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Yuhua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ruan
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
authors.forename: Yujiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, No. 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Yiming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shao
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002681:China; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000635:transmission; D018451:Homosexuality, Male; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013587:Syphilis / Q000473:pathology