title: The influence of retraction agents on cytoskeleton reorganization and oxidative stress in primary human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Contemporary gingival retraction chemicals are not without disagreeable side-effects; there appears to be no best gingival retraction agent. The aim of this research was to select the most biocompatible retraction agents based on examination of the parameters of oxidative stress in fibroblasts derived from human primary cell culture.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this in vitro study we evaluated parameters of oxidative stress after treatment with retraction agents. Visine, Afrin, Neosynephrin, Strazolin and Adrenaline were the commercial products studied as gingival retraction agents. Additionally we examined three experimental agents. We determined lipid peroxidation and protein damage and monitored changes in cellular cytoskeleton proteins. Proliferative and survival efficiency were also evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Oxidative changes included by evaluated retraction agents were at the lowest level in the case of the experimental gels. Also cytoskeleton observations suggest that the experimental agents did not degrade the cellular structure of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current study was performed because of a need to project new nontoxic and save retraction agents for peridontological therapeutic usage. We suggest that the new investigational gels are most biocompatible with periodontal tissues and can be applied as new vasoconstrictor chemical retraction agents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Materials, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland.
authors.forename: Danuta
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nowakowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland.
authors.forename: Jolanta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Saczko
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bieżuńska-Kusiak
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Choromańska
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Developmental Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, University of Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Magda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dubińska-Magiera
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland.
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ziętek
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland. Electronic address: Julita.Kulbacka@umed.wroc.pl.
authors.forename: Julita
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kulbacka
mesh_terms: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000187:drug effects*; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects*; D005881:Gingiva / Q000166:cytology*; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010109:Oxymetazoline / Q000494:pharmacology; D010656:Phenylephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D007093:Imidazoles; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D010656:Phenylephrine; D010109:Oxymetazoline; C005810:tetrahydrozoline; D004837:Epinephrine
keywords: Clonogenic assay; Cytoskeleton; Lipid peroxidation; Protein damage; Retraction agents