title: Miniscrew implant applications in contemporary orthodontics.
abstract: The need for orthodontic treatment modalities that provide maximal anchorage control but with minimal patient compliance requirements has led to the development of implant-assisted orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics. Skeletal anchorage with miniscrew implants has no patient compliance requirements and has been widely incorporated in orthodontic practice. Miniscrew implants are now routinely used as anchorage devices in orthodontic treatment. This review summarizes recent data regarding the interpretation of bone data (i.e., bone quantity and quality) obtained by preoperative diagnostic computed tomography (CT) or by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) prior to miniscrew implant placement. Such data are essential when selecting appropriate sites for miniscrew implant placement. Bone characteristics that are indications and contraindications for treatment with miniscrew implants are discussed. Additionally, bicortical orthodontic skeletal anchorage, risks associated with miniscrew implant failure, and miniscrew implants for nonsurgical correction of occlusal cant or vertical excess are reviewed. Finally, implant stability is compared between titanium alloy and stainless steel miniscrew implants.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hong-Po
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Orthodontics, Dental Clinics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Electronic address: yct79d@seed.net.tw.
authors.forename: Yu-Chuan
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Tseng
mesh_terms: D015921:Dental Implants; D006801:Humans; D052280:Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D009970:Orthodontics / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants
keywords: Miniscrew implants; Orthodontic anchorage; Risk factors