title: The running athlete: stress fractures, osteitis pubis, and snapping hips.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pelvic stress fractures, osteitis pubis, and snapping hip syndrome account for a portion of the overuse injuries that can occur in the running athlete.
  
  
  METHODS
  PUBMED SEARCHES WERE PERFORMED FOR EACH ENTITY USING THE FOLLOWING KEYWORDS: snapping hip syndrome, coxa sultans, pelvic stress fracture, and osteitis pubis from 2008 to 2013. Topic reviews, case reports, case series, and randomized trials were included for review.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical review.
  
  
  METHODS
  Level 4.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Collectively, 188 articles were identified. Of these, 58 were included in this review.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on the available evidence, the majority of these overuse injuries can be managed non-operatively. Primary treatment should include removal from offending activity, normalizing regional muscle strength/length imbalances and nutritional deficiencies, and mitigating training errors through proper education of the athlete and training staff.
  C.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
authors.forename: P Troy
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Henning
keywords: coxa sultans; osteitis pubis; snapping hip; stress fracture