title: Stem cells for urinary tract regeneration.
abstract: Regeneration of the urinary bladder is a complicated task, due to organ dimensions and diseases (cancer, interstitial cystitis) when autologous bladder cells cannot be used. Cancer is the most frequent indication for bladder removal (cystectomy). Stem cells can be used with the guarantee of the sufficient cell number for the in vitro construction of the urinary bladder wall. Tissue engineering techniques hold great promise for regeneration of dysfunctional urinary sphincter. Denervation following surgical procedures or injuries results in weakness of the urethral sphincter and stress urinary incontinence. Injectable therapies and the potential of stem cells for sphincter restoration was presented in this review. The aim of this review was to present possibilities of urinary bladder regeneration with the use of stem cells and tissue engineering techniques.
authors.affiliation: Department of Tissue Engineering, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bajek
authors.affiliation: Department of Tissue Engineering, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland ; Department of Urology, Institute of Oncology, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Drewa
authors.affiliation: Department of Tissue Engineering, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
authors.forename: Romana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Joachimiak
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland ; Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marszałek
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gagat
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
authors.forename: Alina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grzanka
keywords: bladder cancer; stem cells; urinary bladder; urinary incontinence; urinary sphincter