title: Effect of cadmium on the extracellular Na⁺, K⁺, and Ca²⁺ in the gill and small intestine of goldfish Carassius auratus.
abstract: In this study, the toxic effect of cadmium on extracellular Na(+), K(+), and Ca(2+) in the gill and small intestine of goldfish Carassius auratus was determined with the technique of ion chromatograph. Two-way ANOVA indicated that the two factors (Cd(2+) treatment and time) and the interaction factor had significant effect on the level of Na(+), K(+), and Ca(2+) in the small intestine and gill. 1.0 mg/L Cd(2+) significantly increased Ca(2+) level in the small intestine, but Ca(2+) level in the gill was significantly decreased by 1.0 and 5.0 mg/L Cd(2+) at 24, 48, and 72 h. Na(+) and K(+) level in the small intestine and gill was increased by 1.0 mg/L Cd(2+) at three time points, but increased by 5.0 mg/L Cd(2+) at a certain different time. In addition, Na(+) level was significantly decreased by 5.0 mg/L Cd(2+) at 24 or 48 h in the small intestine and gill. The results indicated that Cd(2+) played an important role in regulating the level of Na(+), K(+), and Ca(2+) in the small intestine and gill of goldfish C. auratus. A method was constructed to investigate the extracellular Na(+), K(+) and Ca(2+) in the tissues of gold fish with ion chromatography.
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong Province 255049, China; Analysis and Testing Center, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong Province 255049, China.
authors.forename: Dongwu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Analysis and Testing Center, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong Province 255049, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong Province 255049, China. Electronic address: 12chen@163.com.
authors.forename: Zhiwei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Analysis and Testing Center, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong Province 255049, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002104:Cadmium / Q000633:toxicity*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D005880:Gills / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D006054:Goldfish / Q000378:metabolism*; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D011188:Potassium / Q000378:metabolism; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002104:Cadmium; D012964:Sodium; D011188:Potassium; D002118:Calcium
keywords: Cadmium; Cation; Gill; Ion chromatograph; Small intestine