title: On the origin of the substantial stabilisation of the electron-donor 1,3-dithiole-2-thione-4-carboxyclic acid···I2 and DABCO···I2 complexes.
abstract: The stabilisation energies of the crystal structures of 1,3-dithiole-2-thione-4-carboxyclic acid···I2 and DABCO···I2 complexes determined by the CCSD(T)/CBS method are very large and exceed 8 and 15 kcal mol(-1), respectively. The DFT-D method (B97-D3/def2-QZVP) strongly overestimates these stabilisation energies, which support the well-known fact that the DFT-D method is not very applicable to the study of charge-transfer complexes. On the other hand, the M06-2X/def2-QZVP method provides surprisingly reliable energies. A DFT-SAPT analysis has shown that a substantial stabilisation of these complexes arises from the charge-transfer energy included in the induction energy and that the respective induction energy is much larger than that of other non-covalently bound complexes. The total stabilisation energies of the complexes mentioned as well as of those where iodine has been replaced by lighter halogens (Br2 and Cl2) or by hetero systems (IF, ICH3, N2) correlate well with the magnitude of the σ-hole (Vs,max value) as well as with the LUMO energy. The nature of the stabilisation of all complexes between both electron donors and X2 (X = I, Br, Cl, N) systems is explained by the magnitude of the σ-hole but surprisingly also by the values of the electric quadrupole moment of these systems. Evidently, the nature of the stabilisation of halogen-bonded complexes between electron donors and systems where the first non-zero electric multipole moment is the quadrupole moment can be explained not only by the recently introduced concept of the σ-hole but also by the classical concept of electric quadrupole moments.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic. pavel.hobza@uochb.cas.cz.
authors.forename: Palanisamy
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Deepa
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sedlak
authors.forename: Pavel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hobza