title: Zirconia--a stationary phase capable of the separation of polar markers of myocardial metabolism in hydrophilic interaction chromatography.
abstract: Creatine, phosphocreatine, and adenine nucleotides are highly polar markers of myocardial metabolism that are poorly retained on RP silica sorbents. Zirconia represents an alternative material to silica with high promise to be used in hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC). This study describes a first systematic investigation of the ability of ZrO2 to separate creatine, phosphocreatine, adenosine 5'-monophosphate, adenosine 5'-diphosphate, and adenosine 5'-triphosphate and compares the results with those obtained on TiO2 . All analytes showed a HILIC-like retention pattern when mobile phases of different strengths were tested. Stronger retention and better column performance were achieved in organic-rich mobile phases as compared to aqueous conditions, where poor retention and insufficient column performance were observed. The effect of mobile phase pH and ionic strength was evaluated as well. The analysis of myocardial tissue demonstrated that all compounds were separated in a relevant biological material and thus proved ZrO2 as a promising phase for HILIC of biological samples that deserves further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Radim
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kučera
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kovaříková
authors.forename: Ivana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pasáková-Vrbatová
authors.forename: Jitka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Slaninová
authors.forename: Jiří
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Klimeš
mesh_terms: D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D000249:Adenosine Monophosphate / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D003401:Creatine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D009206:Myocardium / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D010725:Phosphocreatine; D015040:Zirconium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010725:Phosphocreatine; D000249:Adenosine Monophosphate; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D015040:Zirconium; D003401:Creatine; C028541:zirconium oxide
keywords: Creatine; Hydrophilic interaction chromatography; Nucleotides; Titania; Zirconia