title: Impaired heart rate recovery indices in psoriasis patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Psoriasis is a systemic inflammatory disease associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. The heart rate recovery index (HRRI) is an indicator of autonomic nervous system function and is an independent prognostic risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the heart rate recovery indices in patients with psoriasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-three psoriasis patients (22 male; mean age 41 ± 11 years) and 26 healthy individuals (15 male; mean age 39 ± 11 years) as a control group were included in the study. Baseline electrocardiography, transthoracic echocardiographic examinations, and exercise stress tests were performed in psoriasis and control groups. The heart rate recovery of the psoriasis group at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 minutes after maximal exercise were calculated and compared to those of the control group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of psoriasis and control groups including age, sex, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, and echocardiographic parameters were similar. Total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were significantly higher and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly lower in the psoriasis group (p<0.05). Heart rate recovery at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 minutes after maximal exercise were found to be significantly lower in the psoriasis group (p<0.05). Additionally, baseline heart rates before exercise were significantly higher in the psoriasis group (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found that impaired HRRI in psoriasis patients, which indicates the underlying autonomic nervous system dysfunction, is a pathophysiologic mechanism for increased cardiovascular disease risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey.
authors.forename: Esra
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pancar Yuksel
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey.
authors.forename: Serkan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yuksel
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yenercag
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey.
authors.forename: Korhan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Soylu
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey.
authors.forename: Fatma
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Aydin
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey.
authors.forename: Nilgun
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Senturk
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey.
authors.forename: Huriye
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yucel
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey.
authors.forename: Tayyar
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Canturk
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ahmet Yasar
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Turanli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000502:physiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004452:Echocardiography; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011565:Psoriasis / Q000150:complications*; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013997:Time Factors