title: Contribution of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells to the morphological changes in the bladder after partial outlet obstruction: a preliminary study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the contribution of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells to the changes in bladder morphology in response to partial bladder outlet obstruction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Allogenic bone marrow cells were transplanted from transgenic rats expressing green fluorescent protein into female Sprague-Dawley rats 1 day after their bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells had been destroyed by irradiation. This generated chimeric rats in which green fluorescent protein labeled bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells replaced host bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. The animals received partial bladder outlet obstruction or sham surgery 6 weeks later. The animals were killed 6 weeks after the surgery, and bladder tissue was prepared for immunofluorescence with antibodies against a urothelium marker (AE1/AE3), a myofibroblast marker (vimentin), a smooth muscle marker and green fluorescent protein.
  
  
  RESULTS
  More labeled bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells were found in the partial bladder outlet obstruction group than in the in the sham group. Most bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells were present around the basement membrane (laminin) and lamina propria below the urothelium. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells were also found in the urothelium layer, and some of them were double-stained with green fluorescent protein and AE1/AE3. Some bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, which were located in the interstitial tissue, were double-stained with green fluorescent protein and vimentin. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, which migrated into the smooth muscle layer, showed fusiform morphology, and some were double-stained with green fluorescent protein and smooth muscle marker.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells home to the partial bladder outlet obstruction bladder, and these cells have the potential to differentiate into the several components of bladder tissue including the urothelium, myofibroblasts and smooth muscle cells. Thus, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells contribute to the morphological changes of the bladder in response to partial bladder outlet obstruction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kanno
authors.forename: Takahiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mitsui
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sano
authors.forename: Takeya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kitta
authors.forename: Kimihiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Moriya
authors.forename: Katsuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nonomura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001485:Basement Membrane / Q000166:cytology; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D005260:Female; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000166:cytology; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000166:cytology; D010865:Pilot Projects; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D055647:Rats, Transgenic; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000473:pathology*; D001748:Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins
keywords: bladder outlet obstruction; bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells; chimera; differentiation; morphology