title: Sealing ability of mineral trioxide aggregate, calcium phosphate cement, and glass ionomer cement in the repair of furcation perforations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro sealing ability of three repair materials. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA; Group A), calcium phosphate cement (CPC; Group B), and light cured glass ionomer cement (GIC; Group C) when used to repair the perforation created in the pulpal floor of fifty extracted human permanent molars.
  
  
  METHODS
  Preparation of access openings and furcation perforations were done, and the teeth divided into five experimental groups (A, B, C) including two controls (D, E) with ten samples in each group randomly. Following the repair procedure, the pulp chambers and access openings were filled with composite resin and immersed in 2% methylene blue solution for 48 hours. The teeth were sectioned longitudinally and the linear dye penetration measured under a stereomicroscope.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The comparison of the linear length of micro-leakage (mm) among the experimental groups revealed no significant difference (p = 0.332). On calculating the percentage of depth of leakage to the total length of the perforation, it was observed that the mean leakage was 35.5% in Group A, 53.6% in Group B and the highest, 87.5% in Group C. The mean of leakage percentage was statistically significant by Kruskal-Wallis test (p = 0.003). The results indicated that the dye penetration used as furcation perforation repair material was least with mineral trioxide aggregate. Comparing the depth of penetration of dye, 50% of the Group A samples showed less than 25% of depth penetration. While 40% of Group B cases had more than 50% dye penetration. In our study, all Group C teeth had > or = 50% dye penetration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study indicated that GIC had the greatest dye penetration followed by CPC and MTA. Mineral trioxide aggregate and calcium phosphate cement had comparatively better sealing ability than glass ionomer cement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Amrita School of Dentistry, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Cochin, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: Prabath
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, VMS Dental College, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.affiliation: Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Abdul Aziz
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Al-Khuraif
authors.affiliation: Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Sajith
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vellappally
authors.affiliation: Dental Caries Research Chair, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Hassan Suliman
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Halawany
authors.affiliation: Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hashim
authors.affiliation: Dental Caries Research Chair, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Nimmi Biju
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Abraham
authors.affiliation: Dental Caries Research Chair, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Vimal
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jacob
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Marundeeshwara Oral Pathology Services and Analytics, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Rooban
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Thavarajah
mesh_terms: D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003763:Dental Leakage / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000293:injuries*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D017823:Furcation Defects / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008963:Molar / Q000293:injuries*; D010087:Oxides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017640:Silicates / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D010087:Oxides; D017640:Silicates; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate; C020243:calcium phosphate