title: Unraveling Brain Functional Connectivity of encoding and retrieval in the context of education.
abstract: Human memory is an enigmatic component of cognition which many researchers have attempted to comprehend. Accumulating studies on functional connectivity see brain as a complex dynamic unit with positively and negatively correlated networks in perfect coherence during a task. We aimed to examine coherence of network connectivity during visual memory encoding and retrieval in the context of education. School Educated (SE) and College Educated (CE) healthy volunteers (n=60) were recruited and assessed for visual encoding and retrieval. Functional connectivity using seed to voxel based connectivity analysis of the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) was evaluated. We noticed that there were reciprocal dynamic changes in both dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) region and PCC regions during working memory encoding and retrieval. In agreement with the previous studies, there were more positively correlated regions during retrieval compared to encoding. The default mode network (DMN) networks showed greater negative correlations during more attentive task of visual encoding. In tune with the recent studies on cognitive reserve we also found that number of years of education was a significant factor influencing working memory connectivity. SE had higher positive correlation to DLPFC region and lower negative correlation to DMN in comparison with CE during encoding and retrieval.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology, NIMHANS, India; Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Advanced Brain Imaging Facility, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Science (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: Rajanikant
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Panda
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology, NIMHANS, India; Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Advanced Brain Imaging Facility, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Science (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India. Electronic address: cns.researchers@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Rose Dawn
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Bharath
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology, NIMHANS, India; Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Advanced Brain Imaging Facility, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Science (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: Lija
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: George
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology, NIMHANS, India; Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Advanced Brain Imaging Facility, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Science (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: Silpa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kanungo
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Clinical Psychology, NIMHANS, India; Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Advanced Brain Imaging Facility, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Science (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: Rajakumari P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology, NIMHANS, India; Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Advanced Brain Imaging Facility, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Science (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: Neeraj
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Upadhyay
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology, NIMHANS, India; Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Advanced Brain Imaging Facility, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Science (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: Arumugam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thamodharan
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Clinical Psychology, NIMHANS, India; Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Advanced Brain Imaging Facility, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Science (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: Jamuna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rajeshwaran
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Clinical Psychology, NIMHANS, India; Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Advanced Brain Imaging Facility, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Science (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: Shobini L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology, NIMHANS, India; Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Advanced Brain Imaging Facility, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Science (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: Arun Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Gupta
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology*; D011939:Mental Recall / Q000502:physiology*; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000502:physiology*; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cognitive reserve; Functional connectivity MRI; School educated and college educated; Seed based functional correlation