title: Adverse Childhood and Recent Negative Life Events: Contrasting Associations With Cognitive Decline in Older Persons.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether persons who experienced adverse childhood events or recent negative life events have a worse cognitive performance and faster cognitive decline and the role of depression and apolipoprotein E-∊4 in this relationship.
  
  
  METHODS
  The community-based sample consisted of 10-year follow-up data of 1312 persons participating in the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (age range 65-85 years).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Persons who experienced adverse childhood events showed a faster 10-year decline in processing speed but only when depressive symptoms were experienced. Persons with more recent negative life events showed slower processing speed at baseline but no faster decline.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Childhood adversity may cause biological or psychological vulnerability, which is associated with both depressive symptoms and cognitive decline in later life. The accumulation of recent negative life events did not affect cognitive functioning over a longer time period.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. n.korten@vumc.nl.
authors.forename: Nicole C M
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Korten
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Brenda W J H
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Penninx
authors.affiliation: Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, the Netherlands Department of Clinical Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Anne Margriet
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Pot
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Dorly J H
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Deeg
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Hannie C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Comijs
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000523:psychology*; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4 / Q000097:blood*; D003071:Cognition; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D057566:Self Report
chemical_list: D053327:Apolipoprotein E4
keywords: childhood adversity; cognitive decline; depression; life events