title: Comparison of the efficacy of intrauterine lidocaine, paracervical block and oral etodolac for decreasing pain in endometrial biopsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effectiveness of paracervical block, intrauterine lidocaine and oral etodolac in decreasing the pain caused by pipelle endometrial sampling. A secondary goal of this study was to determine the adverse effects and compare possible effects of these methods on pulse and blood pressure.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was performed between April 2006 and October 2006 in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Van Yüzüncü Yıl University Research Hospital. One-hundred twenty patients were randomized into four groups: 1. Group: Paracervical block was performed with 3 ml 2% prilocaine solution. 2. Group: Five ml of 2% lidocaine solution was instilled through the endocervix into the uterine cavity. 3. Group: Subjects received 400 mg oral etodolac tablet 1-1.5 hour before the procedure. 4. Group: No method of anesthesia was used in the control group. Endometrial sampling was performed with pipelle. Severity of pain during the procedure was scored by the subjects according to the "6-point Verbal Rating Scale (VRS)". Blood pressure and pulse rate were measured before, during and 30 minutes after the procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pain scores in intrauterine lidocaine group (2(nd) group) were found statistically significantly lower than the other three groups (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intrauterine lidocaine anesthesia technique decreases pain in endometrial sampling with pipelle more efficiently than paracervical block or oral etodolac. While indication of menorrhagia and endometrial thickness more than 5 mm increased pain scores, intrauterine lidocaine application or paracervical block decreased the scores significantly (p<0.05).
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ayşe
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Güler
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey.
authors.forename: H Güler
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Sahin
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey.
authors.forename: Zehra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Küçükaydın
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
authors.forename: Evrim
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Erdemoğlu
keywords: Anesthesia; lidocaine; pain