title: Degradation of high concentrations of nonionic surfactant (linear alcohol ethoxylate) in an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor.
abstract: The removal and degradation of the nonionic surfactant linear alcohol ethoxylate (LAE)Genapol® C-100 in an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor were evaluated with 4.7 mg LAE/L to 107.4 mg LAE/L added to the synthetic substrate (535 ± 121 mg/L to 882 ± 126 mg/L of organic matter). High removal efficiencies of the COD (chemical oxygen demand) (88%) and LAE (98%) were observed even at high surfactant concentrations during the 492 days of operation. The absence of sucrose in the synthetic substrate modified the microbial community. Similarity coefficients between the phases with sucrose and without sucrose were 74% and 59% for the Archaea and Bacteria domains, respectively. The higher LAE removal (98%) was obtained for the 97.9 mg LAE/L influent in the absence of the co-substrate, as well as the greater diversity of volatile fatty acid. At the end of the reactor operation 2.05 mg of LAE was adsorbed in the biomass and 98.5% was biodegraded.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, School of Engineering of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: fabriciomotteran@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Fabrício
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Motteran
authors.affiliation: Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, School of Engineering of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliana Kawanishi
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Braga
authors.affiliation: Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, School of Engineering of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Isabel Kimiko
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod Washington Luiz, Km 235, SP 310, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.. Electronic address: edsilva@ufscar.br.
authors.forename: Edson Luiz
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, School of Engineering of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: varesche@sc.usp.br.
authors.forename: Maria Bernadete Amâncio
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Varesche
mesh_terms: D000693:Anaerobiosis; D001105:Archaea / Q000378:metabolism; D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D057919:Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; D019149:Bioreactors / Q000382:microbiology*; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Co-substrate; Genapol® C-100; PCR/DGGE; Sucrose; Tensoactive