title: Developmental toxicity of PAH mixtures in fish early life stages. Part II: adverse effects in Japanese medaka.
abstract: In aquatic environments, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) mostly occur as complex mixtures, for which risk assessment remains problematic. To better understand the effects of PAH mixture toxicity on fish early life stages, this study compared the developmental toxicity of three PAH complex mixtures. These mixtures were extracted from a PAH-contaminated sediment (Seine estuary, France) and two oils (Arabian Light and Erika). For each fraction, artificial sediment was spiked at three different environmental concentrations roughly equivalent to 0.5, 4, and 10 μg total PAH g(-1) dw. Japanese medaka embryos were incubated on these PAH-spiked sediments throughout their development, right up until hatching. Several endpoints were recorded at different developmental stages, including acute endpoints, morphological abnormalities, larvae locomotion, and genotoxicity (comet and micronucleus assays). The three PAH fractions delayed hatching, induced developmental abnormalities, disrupted larvae swimming activity, and damaged DNA at environmental concentrations. Differences in toxicity levels, likely related to differences in PAH proportions, were highlighted between fractions. The Arabian Light and Erika petrogenic fractions, containing a high proportion of alkylated PAHs and low molecular weight PAHs, were more toxic to Japanese medaka early life stages than the pyrolytic fraction. This was not supported by the toxic equivalency approach, which appeared unsuitable for assessing the toxicity of the three PAH fractions to fish early life stages. This study highlights the potential risks posed by environmental mixtures of alkylated and low molecular weight PAHs to early stages of fish development.
authors.affiliation: UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC, University of Bordeaux, avenue des Facultés, 33405, Talence Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Florane
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Le Bihanic
authors.forename: Christelle
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Clérandeau
authors.forename: Karyn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Le Menach
authors.forename: Bénédicte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Morin
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Budzinski
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cousin
authors.forename: Jérôme
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cachot
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020552:Comet Assay; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005602:France; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D009990:Oryzias / Q000196:embryology* / Q000235:genetics; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D018675:Toxicity Tests / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical