title: Relationships between dry matter content, ensiling, ammonia-nitrogen, and ruminal in vitro starch digestibility in high-moisture corn samples.
abstract: The objectives of the study were (1) to determine relationships between high-moisture corn (HMC) dry matter (DM), ammonia-N [% of crude protein (CP)], and soluble CP concentrations, and pH, with 7-h ruminal in vitro starch digestibility (ivStarchD), and (2) to evaluate the effect of ensiling on pH, ammonia-N, soluble CP, and ivStarchD measurements in HMC. A data set comprising 6,131 HMC samples (55 to 80% DM) obtained from a commercial feed analysis laboratory was used for this study. Month of sample submittal was assumed to be associated with length of the ensiling period. Data for month of sample submittal were analyzed using Proc Mixed in SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC) with month as a fixed effect. Regressions to determine linear and quadratic relationships between ivStarchD and ammonia-N, soluble CP, pH, and DM content were performed using Proc Mixed. The ivStarchD increased by 9 percentage units from October to August of the following year. Similar results were observed for ammonia-N and soluble CP with increases from 1.8 to 4.6% of CP and 31.3 to 46.4% of CP, respectively, from October to August of the following year. Ammonia-N was positively related to ivStarchD (R(2)=0.61). The DM content of HMC at silo removal was negatively related (R(2)=0.47) to ivStarchD with a decrease of 1.6 percentage units in ivStarchD per 1-percentage-unit increase in DM content. The pH of HMC was negatively related to ammonia-N (R(2)=0.53), soluble CP (R(2)=0.57), and ivStarchD (R(2)=0.51). Combined, ammonia-N, DM, soluble CP, and pH provided a good prediction of ivStarchD (adjusted R(2)=0.70). Increasing pH, ammonia-N, soluble CP, and ivStarchD values indicate that HMC may need up to 10 mo of ensiling to reach maximum starch digestibility. Ammonia-N, DM content, soluble CP concentration, and pH are good indicators of ruminal in vitro starch digestibility for high-moisture corn.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706.
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Ferraretto
authors.affiliation: Dairyland Laboratories Inc., Arcadia, WI 54612.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Taysom
authors.affiliation: Dairyland Laboratories Inc., Arcadia, WI 54612.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Taysom
authors.affiliation: Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706. Electronic address: rdshaver@wisc.edu.
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Shaver
authors.affiliation: Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706.
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Hoffman
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000032:analysis; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D004063:Digestion; D005260:Female; D005285:Fermentation; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D066298:In Vitro Techniques / Q000662:veterinary; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D012417:Rumen / Q000378:metabolism*; D012621:Seasons; D012820:Silage; D013213:Starch / Q000378:metabolism*; D003313:Zea mays / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000641:Ammonia; D013213:Starch; D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: ammonia-N; high-moisture corn; starch digestibility