title: Quick and simple sample treatment for multiresidue analysis of bisphenols, bisphenol diglycidyl ethers and their derivatives in canned food prior to liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection.
abstract: We report herein a multiresidue method for canned food determination of 12 bisphenols [bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol B (BPB), bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol E (BPE)], bisphenol diglycidyl ethers [bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE), bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE)] and their derivatives [BADGE·2H2O, BADGE·H2O, BADGE·HCl·H2O, BADGE·HCl, BADGE·2HCl and BFDGE·2HCl]. The method was based on the microextraction of the target contaminants in 200mg food sample with 600 μL of a supramolecular solvent made up of inverse aggregates of tetradecanol, followed by analysis of the extract by liquid chromatography/fluorescence detection using external calibration. Chromatographic separation of all target compounds, including the ortho-ortho, ortho-para and para-para isomers of BFDGE and BFDGE·2HCl, was achieved with baseline separation (Resolution ≥ 1.52). No concentration of the extracts was required, the microextraction took about 30 min and several samples could be simultaneous treated. Method validation was carried out according to the recommendations of the European Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. Quantitation limits for the different analytes ranged between 0.9 and 3.5 μg kg(-1). Repeatability and reproducibility, expressed as relative standard deviation, were in the ranges 1.8-6.8% and 4.4-8.1%. The method was applied to the analysis of the target compounds in different food categories including vegetables, legumes, fruits, fish and seafood, meat product and grain. Recoveries in samples were within the range 80-110%. Only BPF and BPE were undetected in the canned food analyzed. The concentration found for the rest of bisphenols, diglycidyl ethers and derivatives was in the range 7.1-959 μg kg(-1). The study of the isomeric distribution of BFDGE and BFDGE·2HCl in food showed that they are preferentially present as one of the isomeric forms, that highlighting for further studies. The analytical and operational characteristics of this multiresidue method make it suitable for monitoring programs intended for the assessment of human exposure to bisphenols, diglycidyl ethers and derivatives from diet.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry, University of Cordoba, Edificio Anexo Marie Curie, Campus de Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alabi
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry, University of Cordoba, Edificio Anexo Marie Curie, Campus de Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Caballero-Casero
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry, University of Cordoba, Edificio Anexo Marie Curie, Campus de Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain. Electronic address: qa1rubrs@uco.es.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rubio
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005453:Fluorescence; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D057141:Food, Preserved / Q000032:analysis*; D059627:Liquid Phase Microextraction; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D010636:Phenols; D012997:Solvents
keywords: Bisphenol diglycidyl ethers; Bisphenols; Canned food; Microxtraction; Supramolecular solvent