title: Clinical proton MR spectroscopy in central nervous system disorders.
abstract: A large body of published work shows that proton (hydrogen 1 [(1)H]) magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy has evolved from a research tool into a clinical neuroimaging modality. Herein, the authors present a summary of brain disorders in which MR spectroscopy has an impact on patient management, together with a critical consideration of common data acquisition and processing procedures. The article documents the impact of (1)H MR spectroscopy in the clinical evaluation of disorders of the central nervous system. The clinical usefulness of (1)H MR spectroscopy has been established for brain neoplasms, neonatal and pediatric disorders (hypoxia-ischemia, inherited metabolic diseases, and traumatic brain injury), demyelinating disorders, and infectious brain lesions. The growing list of disorders for which (1)H MR spectroscopy may contribute to patient management extends to neurodegenerative diseases, epilepsy, and stroke. To facilitate expanded clinical acceptance and standardization of MR spectroscopy methodology, guidelines are provided for data acquisition and analysis, quality assessment, and interpretation. Finally, the authors offer recommendations to expedite the use of robust MR spectroscopy methodology in the clinical setting, including incorporation of technical advances on clinical units.
authors.affiliation: From the Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, 2021 6th St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 (G.O.).
authors.forename: Gülin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Oz
authors.forename: Jeffry R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Alger
authors.forename: Peter B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Barker
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authors.forename: Kevin M
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authors.lastname: Gruetter
authors.forename: Rakesh K
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authors.forename: Arend
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authors.lastname: Heerschap
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authors.lastname: Hetherington
authors.forename: Franklyn A
authors.initials: FA
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authors.forename: Petra S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Hüppi
authors.forename: Ralph E
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authors.lastname: Hurd
authors.forename: Kantarci
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authors.lastname: Kantarci
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authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Klomp
authors.forename: Roland
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authors.lastname: Kreis
authors.forename: Marijn J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kruiskamp
authors.forename: Martin O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Leach
authors.forename: Alexander P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Peter R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Luijten
authors.forename: Malgorzata
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authors.lastname: Marjańska
authors.forename: Andrew A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Maudsley
authors.forename: Dieter J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Meyerhoff
authors.forename: Carolyn E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Mountford
authors.forename: Sarah J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: M Necmettin
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Pamir
authors.forename: Jullie W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Andrew C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Peet
authors.forename: Harish
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Poptani
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Posse
authors.forename: Petra J W
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Pouwels
authors.forename: Eva-Maria
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Ratai
authors.forename: Brian D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: Tom W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Scheenen
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schuster
authors.forename: Ian C P
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Brian J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Soher
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tkáč
authors.forename: Daniel B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Vigneron
authors.forename: Risto A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Kauppinen
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D002493:Central Nervous System Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers