title: Influence of a positive family history of both type 2 diabetes and PCOS on metabolic and endocrine parameters in a large cohort of PCOS women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is evidence suggesting a strong genetic background of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). We aim to study the metabolic and endocrine characteristics of PCOS women with and without a family history (FHx) of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and PCOS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analysed the association of T2DM FHx and PCOS FHx with metabolic and endocrine parameters in 714 PCOS women.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A positive FHx of T2DM and PCOS were prevalent in 36.8 and 21.4% of PCOS women respectively. We found an independent association of T2DM FHx with central fat accumulation, obesity, prediabetes, metabolic syndrome (MS), insulin resistance, low HDL and elevated blood pressure (P<0.05 for all). PCOS FHx was independently associated with prediabetes (P<0.05). We observed an independent association of PCOS FHx with clinical and biochemical hyperandrogenism (P<0.05 for all), whereas there was no independent association of T2DM FHx with hyperandrogenism. PCOS women with a positive FHx of both T2DM and PCOS had an adverse metabolic and endocrine profile including a linear increase in risk of obesity, central fat accumulation, MS, prediabetes and low HDL (P<0.05 for all).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that the assessment of FHx might allow risk stratification of PCOS women, which is important considering the high prevalence of PCOS.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lerchbaum
authors.forename: Verena
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Schwetz
authors.forename: Albrecht
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giuliani
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Obermayer-Pietsch
mesh_terms: D050153:Abdominal Fat / Q000473:pathology; D050154:Adiposity; D000328:Adult; D001317:Austria / Q000453:epidemiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017588:Hyperandrogenism / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012307:Risk Factors