title: SPE-LC-FD determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon monohydroxy derivatives in cephalopods.
abstract: A new analytical methodology, based on liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (LC-FD), after extraction, enzymatic hydrolysis, and solid-phase extraction (SPE) through Oasis HLB cartridges, was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of three monohydroxy derivatives of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The optimized analytical method is sensitive, accurate, and precise, with recoveries between 62 and 110% and limits of detection of 227, 9, and 45 ng/g for 1-hydroxynaphthalene, 2-hydroxyfluorene, and 1-hydroxypyrene, respectively. Their levels were estimated in different cephalopod matrices (edible tissues and hemolymph). The methodology was applied to samples of the major cephalopod species consumed worldwide. Of the 18 samples analyzed, 39% were contaminated with 1-hydroxynaphthalene, which was the only PAH metabolite detected. Its concentration ranged from 786 to 1145 ng/g. This highly sensitive and specific method allows the identification and quantitation of PAH metabolites in forthcoming food safety and environmental monitoring programs.
authors.affiliation: Group of Health Surveillance, Center of Pharmaceutical Studies, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra , Polo III, Azinhaga de Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lourenço
authors.forename: Liliana J G
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Celeste M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Lino
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morais
authors.forename: Angelina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pena
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049830:Cephalopoda / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D017747:Seafood / Q000032:analysis*; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000379:methods*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical