title: Nanostructured optical photonic crystal biosensor for HIV viral load measurement.
abstract: Detecting and quantifying biomarkers and viruses in biological samples have broad applications in early disease diagnosis and treatment monitoring. We have demonstrated a label-free optical sensing mechanism using nanostructured photonic crystals (PC) to capture and quantify intact viruses (HIV-1) from biologically relevant samples. The nanostructured surface of the PC biosensor resonantly reflects a narrow wavelength band during illumination with a broadband light source. Surface-adsorbed biotarget induces a shift in the resonant Peak Wavelength Value (PWV) that is detectable with <10 pm wavelength resolution, enabling detection of both biomolecular layers and small number of viruses that sparsely populate the transducer surface. We have successfully captured and detected HIV-1 in serum and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) samples with viral loads ranging from 10(4) to 10(8) copies/mL. The surface density of immobilized biomolecular layers used in the sensor functionalization process, including 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (3-MPS), N-gamma-Maleimidobutyryl-oxysuccinimide ester (GMBS), NeutrAvidin, anti-gp120, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were also quantified by the PC biosensor.
authors.affiliation: Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Hadi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shafiee
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, and Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Erich A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Lidstone
authors.affiliation: Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Muntasir
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jahangir
authors.affiliation: Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Fatih
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Inci
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hanhauser
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Henrich
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Kuritzkes
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, and Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Brian T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Cunningham
authors.affiliation: 1] Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA [2] Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA, USA [3] Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Utkan
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Demirci
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D049329:Nanostructures; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D019562:Viral Load