title: Modulation transfer function assessment in parallel beam and fan beam collimators with square and cylindrical holes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigates modulation transfer function (MTF) in parallel beam (PB) and fan beam (FB) collimators using the Monte Carlo method with full width at half maximum (FWHM), square and circular-shaped holes, and scatter and penetration (S + P) components.
  
  
  METHODS
  A regulation similar to the lead-to-air ratio was used for both collimators to estimate output data. The hole pattern was designed to compare FB by PB parameters. The radioactive source in air and in a water phantom placed in front of the collimators was simulated using MCNP5 code.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The test results indicated that the square holes in PB (PBs) had better FWHM than did the cylindrical (PBc) holes. In contrast, the cylindrical holes in the FB (FBc) had better FWHM than the square holes. In general, the resolution of FBc was better than that of the PBc in air and scatter mediums. The S + P decreased for all collimators as the distance from the source to the collimator surface (z) increased. The FBc had a lower S + P than FBs, but PBc had a higher S + P than PBs. Of the FB and PB collimators with the identical hole shapes, PBs had a smaller S + P than FBs, and FBc had a smaller S + P than PBc. The MTF value for the FB was greater than for the PB and had increased spatial frequency; the FBc had higher MTF than the FBs and PB collimators.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Estimating the FB using PB parameters and diverse hole shapes may be useful in collimator design to improve the resolution and efficiency of SPECT images.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran, abkhorshidi@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Abdollah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khorshidi
authors.forename: Mansour
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ashoor
mesh_terms: D000388:Air; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D017785:Photons; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D014867:Water