title: Endothelial dysfuntion in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Impaired endothelial function is the initial step in atherogenesis, which is largely responsible for ischaemic heart disease and thrombotic strokes decades later.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourty two children with first episode nephrotic syndrome (FENS) aged 1-16 years and 40 controls were enrolled. Soluble thrombomodulin (sTM), tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), plasminogen activator inhibitor -1 (PAI-1) and von-willebrand factor (vWF) levels were measured in plasma in FENS, at 12 weeks of drug induced remission and in steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) patients at diagnosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PAI-1, sTM, vWF and t-PA were significantly raised at the onset of nephrotic syndrome (p<0.0001). All the markers had a fall after 12 weeks of steroid treatment, but were still raised. Children with SRNS had higher levels of sTM, tPA, vWF as compared to infrequent relapsers, at onset and at 4 weeks of steroid treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome have endothelial dysfunction which is largely dependent upon disease activity.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Bharat
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India. Electronic address: drabhijeetsaha@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Abhijeet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saha
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: N K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Dubey
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Kanika
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kapoor
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India.
authors.lastname: Anubhuti
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, GB Pant Hospital, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Vinita Vijay
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Batra
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, AIIMS, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Ashish Datt
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Upadhayay
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015415:Biomarkers; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004351:Drug Resistance; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009404:Nephrotic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000097:blood; D012008:Recurrence; D018180:Thrombomodulin / Q000097:blood; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000097:blood; D014841:von Willebrand Factor / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D015415:Biomarkers; D008055:Lipids; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; C051321:SERPINE1 protein, human; C546931:THBD protein, human; D018180:Thrombomodulin; D014841:von Willebrand Factor; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator
keywords: Children; Endothelial dysfunction; Nephrotic syndrome