title: Electroacupuncture at Acupoints Reverses Plasma Glutamate, Lipid, and LDL/VLDL in an Acute Migraine Rat Model: A (1) H NMR-Based Metabolomic Study.
abstract: Background. The objective of this study was to identify potential biomarkers of electroacupuncture (EA) on relieving acute migraine through metabolomic study. Methods. EA treatments were performed on both acupoints and nonacupoints on the nitroglycerin (NTG)-induced migraine rat model. NMR experiments and multivariate analysis were used for metabolomic analysis. Results. The number of head-scratching, the main ethology index of migraine rat model, was significantly increased (P < 0.01) after NTG injection. The plasma metabolic profile of model group was distinct from that of the control group. Glutamate was significantly increased (P < 0.01), whereas lipids were significantly decreased (P < 0.01) in model rats. After EA at acupoints, the metabolic profile of model rats was normalized, with decreased glutamate (P < 0.05) and increased lipids (P < 0.01). In contrast, EA at nonacupoints did not restore the metabolic profile, but with six metabolites significantly different from acupoints group. Interestingly, the number of head-scratching and glutamate level were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) after receiving EA at both acupoints and nonacupoints. Conclusions. EA at acupoints may relieve acute migraine by restoring the plasma metabolic profile and plasma glutamate, while EA at nonacupoints may modestly relieve acute migraine by decreasing plasma glutamate.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Second School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China ; Acupuncture and Tuina College, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, China.
authors.forename: Zishan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Acupuncture and Tuina College, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, China.
authors.forename: Xuguang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Acupuncture and Tuina College, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, China.
authors.forename: Shuguang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100850, China.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China.
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Acupuncture and Tuina College, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, China.
authors.forename: Qiaofeng
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100850, China.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100850, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Clinical Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Second School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.
authors.forename: Bing-Mei
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100850, China.
authors.forename: Xianzhong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Acupuncture and Tuina College, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, China.
authors.forename: Fanrong
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liang