title: Kinetic response of a genotoxicity biomarker in the three-spined stickleback and implication for environmental monitoring.
abstract: The ultimate sink for the majority of anthropogenic compounds are the aquatic ecosystems, either through direct discharges or indirectly through hydrologic or atmospheric processes, possibly leading to long-term adverse effects in aquatic living resources. In order to assess exposure, fate and effects of chemical contaminants, aquatic ecotoxicologists have developed a large array of early-warning biomarkers proving that toxicants have entered organisms, have been distributed between organs and have triggered toxic effects regarding critical targets. However, optimal use of biomarkers in environmental studies previously requires in-depth knowledge of the kinetics of response of biomarkers. This work aimed to define as a first step of a validation process the kinetic response of a genotoxicity biomarker recently developed in the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). DNA damage was assessed in stickleback erythrocytes after in vivo exposure for 12 days to methylmethanesulfonate (MMS), an alkylating compound, followed by a 20 day-recovery period. Results show a dose-response relationship, time to maximal induction being reached after 6 days at the highest MMS concentration. No acclimation process was noticed during exposure whatever the MMS concentration, and genotoxicity decreased during the recovery phase only in fish exposed to the highest MMS concentration, suggesting more an effect of erythrocyte turn-over than of DNA repair system on the observed DNA damage level. Further field experiments are needed before including this genotoxicity biomarker in a battery of biochemical markers to monitor adverse effects of pollutants on fish health.
authors.affiliation: Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Unité d'écotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo, BP 2, F-60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France; Université de Lyon, UMR 5023 LEHNA, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France.
authors.forename: Santos
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Raphael
authors.affiliation: Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Unité d'écotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo, BP 2, F-60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France.
authors.forename: Palos-Ladeiro
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Mélissa
authors.affiliation: Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (UMR 5175), Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Biogéographie et Ecologie des Vertébrés, Campus CNRS, 1919 Route de Mende, 34 293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
authors.forename: Besnard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Aurélien
authors.affiliation: Institut des Sciences Analytiques, Département Service Central d'Analyse, UMR 5280, 5 rue de la Doua, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France.
authors.forename: Vulliet
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Emmanuelle
authors.affiliation: Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Unité d'écotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo, BP 2, F-60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France.
authors.forename: Porcher Jean
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Marc
authors.affiliation: Université de Lyon, UMR 5023 LEHNA, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France; INRA, USC IGH 1369, ENTPE, F-69518, Vaulx en Velin, France.
authors.forename: Bony
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sylvie
authors.affiliation: Université de Lyon, UMR 5023 LEHNA, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France; INRA, USC IGH 1369, ENTPE, F-69518, Vaulx en Velin, France.
authors.forename: Devaux
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Alain
authors.affiliation: Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Unité d'écotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo, BP 2, F-60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France. Electronic address: Wilfried.Sanchez@ineris.fr.
authors.forename: Sanchez
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wilfried
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D004247:DNA / Q000187:drug effects; D004249:DNA Damage; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D009153:Mutagens / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity*; D023701:Smegmamorpha / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D009153:Mutagens; D004247:DNA
keywords: Biomarker; Biomonitoring; Comet assay; Gasterosteus aculeatus L.; Genotoxicity; Kinetic response