title: Vacant hospitals and under-employed nurses: a qualitative study of the nursing workforce management situation in Nepal.
abstract: It is vital for all healthcare systems to have a sufficient number of suitably trained health professionals including nurses at all levels of health services to deliver effective healthcare. An ethnographic, qualitative method was chosen for this study, which included open-ended, in-depth interviews with a range of stakeholders including student nurses, qualified nurses, nurse managers and lecturers, and the human resource co-ordinator in the Ministry of Health and Population. Available records and policy documents were also analysed. Study findings suggest that there is a severe mal-distribution of the nursing workforce in rural and urban healthcare centres in Nepal. Although there is an oversupply of newly qualified nurses in hospitals in Kathmandu, the staffing situation outside the valley is undesirable. Additionally, the turnover of junior nursing staff remains high in major urban hospitals. Most qualified nurses aspire to work in developed countries, such as the UK, North America, Australia and New Zealand. Between 2000 and 2008, as many as 3000 nurses have left Nepal for jobs in the developed west. There is no effective management strategy in place to retain a nursing workforce, particularly in rural Nepal. This article concludes by proposing some suggestions for a nursing workforce retention policy to address this critical issue.
authors.affiliation: The School of Health in Social Science, Nursing Studies, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Doorway 6, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK radhika2@staffmail.ed.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Radha
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Adhikari
mesh_terms: D000884:Anthropology, Cultural; D003695:Delivery of Health Care; D006786:Hospitals, Urban; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D009390:Nepal; D009726:Nurses / Q000600:supply & distribution* / Q000639:trends; D010558:Personnel Loyalty; D010563:Personnel Turnover; D036301:Qualitative Research; D019035:Rural Health Services; D000078329:Workforce
keywords: Human Resources for Health (HRH); Nepal; Nursing; international migration; nursing workforce; oversupply of nurses