title: GRK5 intronic (CA)n polymorphisms associated with type 2 diabetes in Chinese Hainan Island.
abstract: A genome-wide association study had showed G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 5 (GRK5) rs10886471 was related to the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) through upregulated GRK5 mRNA expression. Rs10886471 is located in the intron region of GRK5. However, the mechanism by which intronic SNP affects gene expression remains unclear, whether the effect on gene expression depends on the intronic short tandem repeat (STR) (CA)n splicing regulator or not. Here we investigated the STR (CA)n polymorphism in rs10886471 and further discussed its role in the T2DM risk of Chinese Hainan Island individuals. A total of 1164 subjects were recruited and classified into a normal fasting glucose (NFG) group, an impaired fasting glucose (IFG) group, an impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) group, and a T2DM group. STR (CA)n polymorphisms were detected through polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. Five intronic (CA)n alleles, (CA)15 to (CA)19, were identified in GRK5 rs10886471. Only the (CA)16 allele was significantly associated with increased prediabetes and T2DM risk [odds ratio (OR)>1, P<0.05]. Conversely, multiple alleles without any (CA)16 protected against prediabetes and T2DM (0<OR<1, P<0.05). In summary, rs10886471 acts as both an SNP and an STR. The rs10886471 intronic SNP causes GRK5 overexpression the subsequent risk of T2DM may be due to the rs10886471 intronic STR (CA)n splicing enhancer. Further studies should focus on verifying these finding using a large sample size and analyzing the splicing mechanism of intronic (CA)n in rs10886471.
authors.affiliation: Division of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, City of Changsha, Province Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Zhenfang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Division of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, City of Changsha, Province Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Tubao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, City of Haikou, Province Hainan, China.
authors.forename: Zhuansuo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Transgenic Laboratory, Hainan Medical College, City of Haikou, Province Hainan, China.
authors.forename: Jianping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Outpatients Department, Community Health Service Center of Xiuying, City of Haikou, Province Hainan, China.
authors.forename: Chunyan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liang
mesh_terms: D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D054774:G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 5 / Q000235:genetics*; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D006801:Humans; D007438:Introns / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016017:Odds Ratio; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D054774:G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 5; C517898:GRK5 protein, human