title: Evaluation of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d as a predictor of carotid intima-media thickness and carotid total plaque area in nonsmokers: the tromsø study.
abstract: Objective. Altered calcium homeostasis has been linked to increased intima-media thickness (IMT) and plaques. We aimed to investigate whether serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and serum calcium are associated with IMT and plaques in nonsmoking population. Methods. Ultrasound of the right carotid artery with the measurements of IMT and plaques was performed in 4194 nonsmoking subjects with available measurements of serum 25(OH)D and total calcium. Linear regression was applied to study the linear relationships between variables. Multinomial logistic regression was used to evaluate predictors of increased IMT and total plaque area (TPA), adjusted for age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, and total cholesterol. Results. There was no significant linear relationship between mean IMT, TPA, and either serum 25(OH)D or total serum calcium. One SD increase in serum 25(OH)D was independently associated with increased odds of being in the highest quartile of IMT in men (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.12, 1.51). In women, 1 SD increase in serum 25(OH)D was independently associated with increased risk of being in the upper tertile of TPA (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.01, 1.33). Conclusions. Impaired calcium homeostasis has no consistent association with mean IMT and TPA; however, increased serum 25(OH)D may predict subclinical atherosclerosis in nonsmokers.
authors.affiliation: Geriatric Section, Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway 9038 Tromsø, Norway ; Tromsø Endocrine Research Group, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0642-5125
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kamycheva
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Breivika, 9037 Tromsø, Norway ; Brain and Circulation Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Breivika, 9037 Tromsø, Norway ; Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, University Hospital of North Norway, 9038 Tromsø, Norway.
authors.forename: Stein Harald
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Johnsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Breivika, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.
authors.forename: Tom
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2709-9472
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wilsgaard
authors.affiliation: Tromsø Endocrine Research Group, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8803-6408
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jorde
authors.affiliation: Brain and Circulation Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Breivika, 9037 Tromsø, Norway ; Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, University Hospital of North Norway, 9038 Tromsø, Norway.
authors.forename: Ellisiv B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Mathiesen