title: Sleep cyclic alternating pattern in otherwise healthy overweight school-age children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare sleep microstructure (cyclic alternating pattern, CAP) characteristics in otherwise healthy overweight (OW) and normal weight (NW) children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Polysomnographic cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sleep laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-eight (26 NW and 32 OW) 10-year-old children.
  
  
  METHODS
  N/A.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants were part of a longitudinal study beginning in infancy and free of sleep disorders. Groups were based on body-mass index (BMI) z-score. From polysomnographic overnight recordings, sleep-waking states were scored according to international criteria. CAP analysis was performed visually during NREM sleep. Conventional sleep parameters were similar between groups. BMI was positively related to CAP rate and CAP sequences but inversely related to CAP B phase duration. Differences between groups were confined to slow-wave sleep (SWS), with OW children showing higher CAP rate, CAP cycles, and CAP A1 number and index and shorter CAP cycles and B phase duration. They also showed more CAP class intervals shorter than 30 s, and a suggestive trend for fewer intervals longer than 30 s.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cyclic alternating pattern characteristics in children related to nutritional status and were altered in overweight subjects during slow-wave sleep. We suggest that the more frequent oscillatory pattern of electroencephalographic slow activity in overweight subjects might reflect less stable slow-wave sleep episodes.
authors.affiliation: Sleep Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chamorro
authors.affiliation: Sleep Research Center, Department of Neurology IC, OASI Research Institute (IRCCS), Troina, Italy.
authors.forename: Raffaele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ferri
authors.affiliation: Sleep Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Algarín
authors.affiliation: Sleep Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Garrido
authors.affiliation: Center for Human Growth and Development and Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
authors.forename: Betsy
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lozoff
authors.affiliation: Sleep Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Patricio
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Peirano
mesh_terms: D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D050177:Overweight / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017286:Polysomnography; D012894:Sleep Stages / Q000502:physiology*; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000502:physiology
keywords: Cyclic alternating pattern; body-mass index; children; overweight; sleep microstructure