title: Expression of growth factors and growth factor receptors in human cleft-affected tissue.
abstract: OBJECTIVE. To investigate cleft disordered tissue in children with cleft palate and cleft lip with or without alveolar clefting for detection of local tissue growth factors and growth factor receptors and compare findings. Design. Morphological analysis of human tissue. Patients. Three groups were studied: 14 patients with cleft palate at the age from eight months to 18 years and two months, 12 patients with cleft lip with or without alveolar clefting in the age from four months to 15 years and four months and 11 control patients. RESULTS. In general, cleft palate disordered tissue showed more prominent expression of BMP2/4 (z=3.574; p=0.0004) and TGFβ (z=2.127; p=0.033), while expression of TGFBR3 significantly higher was only in connective tissue (z=3.822; p=0.0001). Cleft lip affected tissue showed significantly pronounced expression of FGFR1 in general as well as separately in epithelium. CONCLUSIONS. The marked and statistically significant expression of BMP 2/4 in cleft palate disordered soft tissue probably is delayed, but still proliferation and differentiation as well as tissue, especially, bone remodeling contributing signal. Cleft palate affected tissue show more prominent expression of TGFβ, still the weak regional expression of TGFβ type III receptors prove the disordered tissue growth and changed TGFβ signalling pathway in postnatal pathogenesis. In general, expression of TGFβ, BMP 2/4 and FGFR1 is significantly different, giving evidence to the involvement of these mentioned factors in the cleft severity morphopathogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology of Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema street 16, Riga, LV-1007, Latvia. b.krivicka@inbox.lv.
authors.forename: Benita
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Krivicka
authors.forename: Mara
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pilmane
authors.forename: Ilze
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Akota
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000032:analysis; D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 / Q000032:analysis; D016723:Bone Remodeling / Q000502:physiology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D003239:Connective Tissue Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D055806:Microvessels / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009024:Morphogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000032:analysis; D051496:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1 / Q000032:analysis; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor / Q000032:analysis*; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000032:analysis; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: C525718:BMP2 protein, human; C525809:BMP4 protein, human; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D011509:Proteoglycans; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C071736:betaglycan; C496348:FGFR1 protein, human; D051496:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1