title: Involvement of iron-evoked oxidative stress in smoking-related endothelial dysfunction in healthy young men.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oxidative stress and smoking contribute to endothelial dysfunction. Iron might also play a role in oxidative stress generation and endothelial dysfunction. However, the involvement of iron in smoking-induced endothelial dysfunction in healthy smokers remains unclear. Therefore, we examined here whether (1) intravenous iron infusion impaired endothelial function evaluated by flow-mediated vasodilatation (FMD) in non-smokers, and (2) deferoxamine, a potent iron chelator, ameliorated endothelial dysfunction in healthy smokers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight healthy young male non-smokers (23 ± 4 years old) received intravenous injection of saccharated ferric oxide (0.7 mg/kg body weight), while 10 age-matched healthy male smokers received deferoxamine mesylate (8.3 mg/kg body weight). At baseline, 5 and 20 minutes after treatment with iron or deferoxamine, biochemical variables were measured, including serum iron and marondialdehyde (MDA), a marker of lipid oxidation, and endothelial function was simultaneously evaluated by FMD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with non-smokers, FMD was significantly lower in smokers. Iron and MDA levels were significantly increased, whereas FMD was impaired by iron infusion in non-smokers. Conversely, deferoxamine treatment significantly decreased iron and MDA levels and restored the decreased FMD in smokers. Baseline serum iron and MDA levels in all 18 subjects (non-smokers and smokers) were correlated with each other. There was a significant inverse correlation between the changes in MDA values and FMD from baseline in 18 men. Endothelium-independent vasodilation by glyceryl trinitrate was unaltered by either treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our present study suggests that iron-evoked oxidative stress might play a role in endothelial dysfunction in healthy smokers.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume City, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukami
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume City, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Sho-ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamagishi
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume City, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Shuji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iida
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardio-Vascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume City, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidehiro
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsuoka
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume City, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Seiya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Okuda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003676:Deferoxamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007501:Iron / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D017262:Siderophores / Q000494:pharmacology; D012907:Smoking / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D017262:Siderophores; D007501:Iron; D003676:Deferoxamine