title: In vitro phytochemical, antibacterial, and antifungal activities of leaf, stem, and root extracts of Adiantum capillus veneris.
abstract: Adiantum capillus veneris is a medicinally essential plant used for the treatment of diverse infectious diseases. The study of phytochemical and antimicrobial activities of the plant extracts against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria and medically important fungi is of immense significance. Extracts from the leaves, stems, and roots of Adiantum capillus veneris were extracted with water, methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, and hexane and screened for their antimicrobial activity against ten MDR bacterial strains and five fungal strains isolated from clinical and water samples. Ash, moisture, and extractive values were determined according to standard protocols. FTIR (Fourier transform infrared Spectroscopy) studies were performed on different phytochemicals isolated from the extracts of Adiantum capillus Veneris. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, cardiac glycosides, terpenoids, steroids, and reducing sugars. Water, methanol, and ethanol extracts of leaves, stems, and roots showed significant antibacterial and antifungal activities against most of the MDR bacterial and fungal strains. This study concluded that extracts of Adiantum capillus veneris have valuable phytochemicals and significant activities against most of the MDR bacterial strains and medically important fungal strains.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad Saqib
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Ishaq
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad Medrar
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8704-509X
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.affiliation: Medicinal Botanic Centre, PCSIR Labs Complex, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad Siddique
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Afridi
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Ghadir
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7412-4853
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Mahrukh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khattak
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Sohail
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan.
authors.lastname: Shakirullah
mesh_terms: D035681:Adiantum / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000737:chemistry*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001230:Aspergillus / Q000187:drug effects; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D002175:Candida / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts