title: Conserved histidine of metal transporter AtNRAMP1 is crucial for optimal plant growth under manganese deficiency at chilling temperatures.
abstract: Manganese (Mn) is an essential nutrient required for plant growth, in particular in the process of photosynthesis. Plant performance is influenced by various environmental stresses including contrasting temperatures, light or nutrient deficiencies. The molecular responses of plants exposed to such stress factors in combination are largely unknown. Screening of 108 Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) accessions for reduced photosynthetic performance at chilling temperatures was performed and one accession (Hog) was isolated. Using genetic and molecular approaches, the molecular basis of this particular response to temperature (G × E interaction) was identified. Hog showed an induction of a severe leaf chlorosis and impaired growth after transfer to lower temperatures. We demonstrated that this response was dependent on the nutrient content of the soil. Genetic mapping and complementation identified NRAMP1 as the causal gene. Chlorotic phenotype was associated with a histidine to tyrosine (H239Y) substitution in the allele of Hog NRAMP1. This led to lethality when Hog seedlings were directly grown at 4°C. Chemical complementation and hydroponic culture experiments showed that Mn deficiency was the major cause of this G × E interaction. For the first time, the NRAMP-specific highly conserved histidine was shown to be crucial for plant performance.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, ul. Kladki 24, 80-822, Gdansk, Poland.|Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ihnatowicz
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, ul. Kladki 24, 80-822, Gdansk, Poland.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Siwinska
authors.affiliation: Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, David Keir Building, Malone Road, Belfast, UK.
authors.forename: Andrew A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Meharg
authors.affiliation: Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, David Keir Building, Malone Road, Belfast, UK.
authors.forename: Manus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carey
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829, Cologne, Germany.|Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, NL-6708, PE Wageningen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Maarten
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koornneef
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829, Cologne, Germany.|Department of Plant Cell Wall, Function and Utilization, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA Centre de Versailles-Grignon, Route de St-Cyr (RD10), 78026, Versailles Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Matthieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reymond
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000378:metabolism; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D003080:Cold Temperature; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D005838:Genotype; D006639:Histidine; D008345:Manganese / Q000378:metabolism*; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010641:Phenotype; D010788:Photosynthesis; D036226:Seedlings; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D002734:Chlorophyll; D008345:Manganese; D006639:Histidine
keywords: AtNRAMP1; chilling temperatures; chlorosis; environmental stress; manganese (Mn) deficiency; metal transporter; photosynthesis; plant-soil interactions