title: Chondrogenic potential of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the chondrogenic potential of stem cells from human exfoliated teeth (SHED).
  
  
  METHODS
  SHED cultures were isolated from human exfoliated deciduous teeth. Colony-forming capacity, odonto/osteogenic and adipogenic potential were measured. SHED were cultured for 2 weeks in chondrogenic differentiation medium containing dexamethasone, insulin, ascorbate phosphate, TGF-β3 and bFGF. Toluidine blue staining and safranin O staining were used for chondrogenesis analysis. The related markers, type II collagen and aggrecan, were also investigated using immunohistochemistry. SHED were seeded onto the β-TCP scaffolds and transplanted into the subcutaneous space on the back of nude mice. The transplants were recovered at 2, 4 and 8 weeks post-transplantation for analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SHED showed colony-forming capacity, odonto/osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation capacity. Chondrogenic differentiation was confirmed by toluidine blue staining, safranin O staining, type II collagen and aggrecan immunostaining. After in vivo transplantation, SHED recombined with β-TCP scaffolds were able to generate new cartilage-like tissues.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ﬁndings demonstrate the chondrogenic differentiation capacity of SHED both in vitro and in vivo models, suggesting the potential of SHED in cartilage tissue engineering.
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center , Guangzhou , PR China.
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Huacui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.forename: Nuo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Yuanyuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Yibin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Caiqi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D053674:Aggrecans / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry; D002356:Cartilage / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D020219:Chondrogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D024043:Collagen Type II / Q000032:analysis; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003470:Culture Media; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000166:cytology; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009805:Odontogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D010619:Phenazines; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry; D014048:Tolonium Chloride; D014094:Tooth, Deciduous / Q000166:cytology*
chemical_list: D053674:Aggrecans; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D024043:Collagen Type II; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003470:Culture Media; D010619:Phenazines; C485817:beta-tricalcium phosphate; D014048:Tolonium Chloride; C009195:safranine T
keywords: chondrogenic; exfoliated deciduous teeth; stem cells; tissue engineering