title: The role of cytotoxic T cells in IgG4-related dacryoadenitis and sialadenitis, the so-called Mikulicz's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Immunoglobulin (Ig) G4-related dacryoadenitis and sialadenitis, the so-called Mikulicz's disease (MD), is a chronic inflammatory disease. However, little is known about its pathogenesis and pathological condition. In the present study, we used immunohistological techniques to compare the roles of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in MD and primary Sjogren's syndrome (SS). We examined the state of CTLs [cytotoxic granule-positive rate and programmed death-1 (PD-1) expression rate] in the salivary glands.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study samples comprised 12 submaxillary glands from untreated MD patients and 12 labial glands from SS patients. We performed immunofluorescence and multicolor immunofluorescence to stain CD8, perforin (PRF), granzyme B (GZMB), and PD-1. We measured the total number of CTLs as well as the PRF(+)CTLs, GZMB(+)CTLs, and PD-1(+)CTLs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that the degree of infiltration of CTLs was equal in MD and SS, but the rate of CTLs with cytotoxic granules, especially PRF, in MD was less than in SS. In addition, the frequency of PD-1(+)CTLs in MD was higher than that in SS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cytotoxic granule-positive CTLs were in the minority in D salivary glands, and this regulation might relate to PD-1 signals like the state of exhaustion and anergy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Dohkohkai Hospital , Sapporo, Hokkaido , Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tabeya
authors.forename: Motohisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Yasuyoshi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Naishiro
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishigami
authors.forename: Yui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Hidetaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yajima
authors.forename: Chisako
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Nobuhiko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Seki
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takano
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Himi
authors.forename: Kohzoh
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Imai
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Yasuhisa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shinomura
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003607:Dacryocystitis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008882:Mikulicz' Disease / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D012469:Salivary Glands / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D012793:Sialadenitis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D012859:Sjogren's Syndrome / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D007074:Immunoglobulin G
keywords: Cytotoxic T lymphocyte; Granzyme B; IgG4-related dacryoadenitis and sialadenitis; Perforin; Programmed death-1