title: Treatment with nebivolol combined with physical training promotes improvements in the cardiovascular responses of hypertensive rats.
abstract: The aim of this study was to determine whether exercise training combined with beta-blocker treatment promotes additional cardiovascular benefits compared with either intervention on its own. For this we used 76 Wistar rats distributed among different groups: normotensive sedentary (NS), normotensive trained (NT), normotensive sedentary treated with beta-blocker (NS_BB), normotensive trained treated with beta-blocker (NT_BB), hypertensive sedentary (HS), hypertensive trained (HT), hypertensive sedentary treated with a beta-blocker (HS_BB), and hypertensive trained rats treated with beta-blocker (HT_BB). Exercise training consisted of 4 weeks of swimming for 60 min a day, 5 days a week. Hypertension was induced with l-NAME (4 weeks), whereas the control rats received saline, and both the control and test rats received nebivolol. The animals underwent surgery to directly record their blood pressure. The HS group showed higher mean arterial pressure (MAP) (P = 0.000), systolic arterial pressure (P = 0.000), and diastolic arterial pressure (P = 0.000) compared with NS. MAP was higher in the HS compared with the HT (P = 0.002), HS_BB (P = 0.018), and HT_BB (P = 0.015) groups. Hearts from the HS group had a higher percentage of collagen compared with the NS and HS_BB groups. The HT_BB and HT groups only had a higher percentage of cardiac collagen by comparison with the HS_BB group. The HT_BB group showed higher levels of macrophages and neutrophils by comparison with the HT and HS_BB groups. Thus, treatment with a beta-blocker combined with physical training was associated with increased cardiovascular benefits over either intervention alone.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Physical Education, Physical Education and Sports Center, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 Km 380, CEP 86051-990, Londrina-PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Karla Fabiana
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Goessler
authors.forename: Marli
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martins-Pinge
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Veronez da Cunha
authors.forename: Marlusa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karlen-Amarante
authors.forename: Fábio Goulart
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: de Andrade
authors.forename: Patricia Chakur
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Brum
authors.forename: Marcos Doederlein
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Polito
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D001578:Benzopyrans / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D048429:Cell Size; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D004487:Edema / Q000473:pathology; D004983:Ethanolamines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000473:pathology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D000068577:Nebivolol; D009336:Necrosis; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000473:pathology; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D001578:Benzopyrans; D004983:Ethanolamines; D000068577:Nebivolol; D003094:Collagen