title: Anterosuperior diverticula of the right ventricle: morphological spectrum and long-term outcome of a distinct cardiac anomaly.
abstract: Right-ventricular diverticula (RVD), although rare, have particular characteristics. Our study describes the morphology of anterosuperior diverticula of the right ventricle (RV) and patient outcome for this anomaly. Retrospective analysis was performed on all patients with anterosuperior RVD diagnosed in two tertiary referral centres. From January 1982 to December 2012, five patients were diagnosed with anterosuperior RVD (median 4 months). Four patients had perimembranous ventricular septal defects (VSDs) with no clinical symptoms related to RVD. Communication of the RVD with the RV was located either close to the VSD (two patients) or in the anterior free wall of the RV opposite the VSD (two patients). In the remaining patient, the diverticulum was connected with the left ventricle (LV) by a tunnel-like structure originating from the left-ventricular outflow tract; the RVD communicated with the RV by way of a restrictive opening. Four patients underwent surgical repair including patch closure of the VSD (one patient) and patch closure of the VSD through an incision of the RVD followed by plication of the diverticulum or closure of its communication with the RV (three patients). All patients remained asymptomatic during a median follow-up of 14.8 years. Anterosuperior RVD is a specific congenital cardiovascular anomaly frequently associated with additional congenital heart disease. There are significant variations in how the RVD communicates with the RV with each requiring a different surgical repair strategy. According to the experience in our small cohort, the long-term prognosis of patients with anterosuperior RVD appears excellent after surgical correction of associated congenital heart disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Hoppe-Seyler-Strasse 1, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany, gesa.wiegand@med.uni-tuebingen.de.
authors.forename: Gesa
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wiegand
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rauch
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Singer
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hofbeck
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000792:Angiography / Q000379:methods; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D004240:Diverticulum / Q000150:complications / Q000151:congenital / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005858:Germany; D006345:Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D063868:Patient Outcome Assessment; D011379:Prognosis; D055815:Young Adult