title: Serum 1H-NMR metabolomic fingerprints of acute-on-chronic liver failure in intensive care unit patients with alcoholic cirrhosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acute-on-chronic liver failure is characterized by acute deterioration of liver function in patients with compensated or decompensated, but stable, cirrhosis. However, there is no accurate definition of acute-on-chronic liver failure and physicians often use this term to describe different clinical entities. Metabolomics investigates metabolic changes in biological systems and identifies the biomarkers or metabolic profiles. Our study assessed the metabolomic profile of serum using proton nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H-NMR) spectroscopy to identify metabolic changes related to acute-on-chronic liver failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-three patients with compensated or decompensated cirrhosis (CLF group) but stable liver function and 30 patients with cirrhosis and hospitalized for the management of an acute event who may be responsible of acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF group), were fully analyzed. Blood samples were drawn at admission, and sera were separated and stored at -80°C until (1)H-NMR spectral analysis. Using orthogonal projection to latent-structure discriminant analyses, various metabolites contribute to the complete separation between these both groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The predictability of the model was 0.73 (Q(2) Y) and the explained variance was 0.63 (R(2) Y). The main metabolites that had increased signals related to acute-on-chronic liver failure were lactate, pyruvate, ketone bodies, glutamine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and creatinine. High-density lipids were lower in the ALCF group than in CLF group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A serum metabolite fingerprint for acute-on-chronic liver failure, obtained with (1)H-NMR, was identified. Metabolomic profiling may aid clinical evaluation of patients with cirrhosis admitted into intensive care units with acute-on-chronic liver failure, and provide new insights into the metabolic processes involved in acute impairment of hepatic function.
authors.affiliation: Service d'Anesthésie et des Réanimations Chirurgicales, Université Paris 12, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Créteil, France ; Universite Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire Chimie, Structures, Propriétés de Biomatériaux et d'Agents Thérapeutiques (CSPBAT), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7244, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Equipe Spectroscopie des Biomolécules et des Milieux Biologiques (SBMB), Bobigny, France.
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Amathieu
authors.affiliation: Universite Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire Chimie, Structures, Propriétés de Biomatériaux et d'Agents Thérapeutiques (CSPBAT), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7244, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Equipe Spectroscopie des Biomolécules et des Milieux Biologiques (SBMB), Bobigny, France.
authors.forename: Mohamed N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Triba
authors.affiliation: Service d'Hépatologie et Université Paris 13, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Bondy, France.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nahon
authors.affiliation: Universite Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire Chimie, Structures, Propriétés de Biomatériaux et d'Agents Thérapeutiques (CSPBAT), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7244, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Equipe Spectroscopie des Biomolécules et des Milieux Biologiques (SBMB), Bobigny, France.
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bouchemal
authors.affiliation: Service d'Anesthésie et des Réanimations Chirurgicales, Université Paris 12, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Créteil, France.
authors.forename: Walid
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kamoun
authors.affiliation: Service d'Anesthésie et des Réanimations Chirurgicales, Université Paris 12, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Créteil, France.
authors.forename: Hakim
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Haouache
authors.affiliation: Service d'Hépatologie et Université Paris 13, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Bondy, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Claude
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Trinchet
authors.affiliation: Universite Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire Chimie, Structures, Propriétés de Biomatériaux et d'Agents Thérapeutiques (CSPBAT), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7244, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Equipe Spectroscopie des Biomolécules et des Milieux Biologiques (SBMB), Bobigny, France.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Savarin
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité de Biologie Intégrative des Adaptations à l'Exercice (UBIAE U902), Université d'Evry, Evry, France.
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Le Moyec
authors.affiliation: Service d'Anesthésie et des Réanimations Chirurgicales, Université Paris 12, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Créteil, France.
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dhonneur
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D005973:Glutamine / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D007657:Ketone Bodies / Q000097:blood; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D008104:Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D017114:Liver Failure, Acute / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D055442:Metabolome / Q000502:physiology*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010649:Phenylalanine / Q000097:blood; D019289:Pyruvic Acid / Q000097:blood; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007657:Ketone Bodies; D005973:Glutamine; D019344:Lactic Acid; D014443:Tyrosine; D010649:Phenylalanine; D019289:Pyruvic Acid; D003404:Creatinine