title: Progressive brain damage, synaptic reorganization and NMDA activation in a model of epileptogenic cortical dysplasia.
abstract: Whether severe epilepsy could be a progressive disorder remains as yet unresolved. We previously demonstrated in a rat model of acquired focal cortical dysplasia, the methylazoxymethanol/pilocarpine - MAM/pilocarpine - rats, that the occurrence of status epilepticus (SE) and subsequent seizures fostered a pathologic process capable of modifying the morphology of cortical pyramidal neurons and NMDA receptor expression/localization. We have here extended our analysis by evaluating neocortical and hippocampal changes in MAM/pilocarpine rats at different epilepsy stages, from few days after onset up to six months of chronic epilepsy. Our findings indicate that the process triggered by SE and subsequent seizures in the malformed brain i) is steadily progressive, deeply altering neocortical and hippocampal morphology, with atrophy of neocortex and CA regions and progressive increase of granule cell layer dispersion; ii) changes dramatically the fine morphology of neurons in neocortex and hippocampus, by increasing cell size and decreasing both dendrite arborization and spine density; iii) induces reorganization of glutamatergic and GABAergic networks in both neocortex and hippocampus, favoring excitatory vs inhibitory input; iv) activates NMDA regulatory subunits. Taken together, our data indicate that, at least in experimental models of brain malformations, severe seizure activity, i.e., SE plus recurrent seizures, may lead to a widespread, steadily progressive architectural, neuronal and synaptic reorganization in the brain. They also suggest the mechanistic relevance of glutamate/NMDA hyper-activation in the seizure-related brain pathologic plasticity.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Neuroanatomy and Pathogenesis Unit, IRCCS Neurological Institute "C. Besta", Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Colciaghi
authors.affiliation: Molecular Neuroanatomy and Pathogenesis Unit, IRCCS Neurological Institute "C. Besta", Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Adele
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Finardi
authors.affiliation: Molecular Neuroanatomy and Pathogenesis Unit, IRCCS Neurological Institute "C. Besta", Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nobili
authors.affiliation: Molecular Neuroanatomy and Pathogenesis Unit, IRCCS Neurological Institute "C. Besta", Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Locatelli
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), University of Torino, Orbassano (Torino), Italy.
authors.forename: Giada
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Spigolon
authors.affiliation: Molecular Neuroanatomy and Pathogenesis Unit, IRCCS Neurological Institute "C. Besta", Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Giorgio Stefano
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Battaglia
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001284:Atrophy; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004828:Epilepsies, Partial / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000473:pathology; D054220:Malformations of Cortical Development / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications*; D016202:N-Methylaspartate / Q000378:metabolism*; D019579:Neocortex / Q000473:pathology; D011247:Pregnancy; D017966:Pyramidal Cells / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000378:metabolism; D013569:Synapses / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D016202:N-Methylaspartate