title: Structure characterization of proanthocyanidins from Caryota ochlandra Hance and their bioactivities.
abstract: Proanthocyanidins (PAs) from Caryota ochlandra fruit pericarp and fruit flesh were characterized by (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance, high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry techniques. The fruit pericarp and flesh PAs were complex mixtures of homo- and heteropolymers of B-type procyanidins and prodelphinidins both with degrees of polymerization up to dodecamer. Their antioxidant and antityrosinase activities were investigated. The fruit pericarp PAs exhibited potent antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 142.86 ± 1.53 and 80.51 ± 0.4 μg/ml for DPPH and ABTS free-radical scavenging assays; with FRAP value of 373.09 ± 5.02 mg ascorbic acid equivalent/g dry weight. Furthermore, the fruit pericarp PAs had antityrosinase activity while the fruit flesh PAs could be oxidized by tyrosinase. The structure and antioxidant activities of the C. ochlandra fruit PAs together with their effects on tyrosinase activity would lay scientific foundation for their utilization in food and nutrition industry.
authors.affiliation: Key Lab of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Xin
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Key Lab of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
authors.forename: Hui-Ling
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Key Lab of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Mei
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Key Lab of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
authors.forename: Wei-Ming
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Chai
authors.affiliation: Key Lab of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Hao
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.affiliation: Key Lab of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China. Electronic address: yshi@xmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Key Lab of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China. Electronic address: chenqx@xmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Qing-Xi
authors.initials: QX
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry*; D028023:Arecaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008958:Models, Molecular; D015394:Molecular Structure; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000737:chemistry*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D010936:Plant Extracts; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; C013221:proanthocyanidin; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase
keywords: Antioxidant activity; Caryota ochlandra Hance; Mushroom tyrosinase; Proanthocyanidins; Structure characterization