title: Temporal trends (1999-2010) of perfluoroalkyl acids in commonly consumed food items.
abstract: The aim of this study was to determine how dietary exposure to PFAAs has changed over the period when major production changes occurred. Archived samples (1999-2010) of eggs, milk and farmed rainbow trout were analyzed by ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Statistically significant decreasing trends were observed for concentrations of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) in fish (p < 0.002 and p < 0.032, respectively) and eggs (p < 0.001 for both compounds). Concentrations of PFOS in fish and eggs decreased by a factor of 10 and 40, respectively. In eggs there was also a statistically significant decreasing trend in concentrations of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). The results of this study demonstrate that PFAA concentrations in food items from agricultural food chains and aquatic food chains close to sources respond rapidly to changes in environmental emissions. Implications for the overall understanding of human exposure are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Environmental Science (ITM), Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: jana.johansson@itm.su.se.
authors.forename: Jana H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Environmental Science (ITM), Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Urs
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Environmental Science (ITM), Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Framsenteret, 9296 Tromsø, Norway.
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vestergren
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Environmental Science (ITM), Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Ian T
authors.initials: IT
authors.lastname: Cousins
authors.affiliation: Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bignert
authors.affiliation: Swedish National Food Agency, Box 622, 751 26 Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Glynn
authors.affiliation: Swedish National Food Agency, Box 622, 751 26 Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Per Ola
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Darnerud
mesh_terms: D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids / Q000032:analysis; D002210:Caprylates / Q000032:analysis; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D004032:Diet / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000032:analysis*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids; D002210:Caprylates; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D005466:Fluorocarbons; C023036:perfluorooctanoic acid; C076994:perfluorooctane sulfonic acid; C078626:perflexane
keywords: Dietary exposure; PFOA; PFOS; Perfluoroalkyl acids; Temporal trend