title: Two basic (hydrophilic) regions in the movement protein of Parietaria mottle virus have RNA binding activity and are required for cell-to-cell transport.
abstract: The movement protein (MP) of parietaria mottle virus (PMoV) is required for virus cell-to-cell movement. Bioinformatics analysis identified two hydrophilic non-contiguous regions (R1 and R2) rich in the basic amino acids lysine and arginine and with the predicted secondary structure of an α-helix. Different approaches were used to determine the implication of the R1 and R2 regions in RNA binding, plasmodesmata (PD) targeting and cell-to-cell movement. EMSA (Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay) showed that both regions have RNA-binding activity whereas that mutational analysis reported that either deletion of any of these regions, or loss of the basic amino acids, interfered with the viral intercellular movement. Subcellular localization studies showed that PMoV MP locates at PD. Mutants designed to impeded cell-to-cell movement failed to accumulate at PD indicating that basic residues in both R1 and R2 are critical for binding the MP at PD.
authors.affiliation: Institut de Recerca i Tecnología Agroalimentaries (IRTA), Ctra. de Cabrils s/n Cabrils, 08348 Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: caromar88@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.affiliation: Institut D́investigacions Biomediques Agusti Pi i Sunyer, C/Rosselló 149-153, 08036 Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: nuria_icat@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Nuria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Coll-Bonfill
authors.affiliation: Institut de Recerca i Tecnología Agroalimentaries (IRTA), Ctra. de Cabrils s/n Cabrils, 08348 Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: josafatburu@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aramburu
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (UPV-CSIC), Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain. Electronic address: vpallas@ibmcp.upv.es.
authors.forename: Vicente
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pallás
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (UPV-CSIC), Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain. Electronic address: faparici@ibmcp.upv.es.
authors.forename: Frederic
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Aparicio
authors.affiliation: Plant Pathology and Biotechnologies for Sustainable Agriculture Section, Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology - I.E.ME.S.T., Via Emerico Amari 123, 90139 Palermo, Italy. Electronic address: luisgalipienso@iemest.eu.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Galipienso
mesh_terms: D001120:Arginine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D019295:Computational Biology; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; D019179:Ilarvirus / Q000502:physiology*; D008239:Lysine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D053830:Plant Viral Movement Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding; D011487:Protein Conformation; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D012313:RNA / Q000378:metabolism; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D055672:Static Electricity; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000821:virology; D053586:Virus Internalization; D057074:Virus Release
chemical_list: D053830:Plant Viral Movement Proteins; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D012313:RNA; D001120:Arginine; D008239:Lysine
keywords: Cell-to-cell transport; Ilarviruses; Movement protein; RNA-binding