title: Temporal measurements of deglutition in dynamic magnetic resonance imaging versus videofluoroscopy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We undertook to provide data regarding temporal measurements of swallow function obtained by dynamic magnetic resonance imaging in a midsagittal plane and to compare these values to normative fluoroscopy data.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen healthy female volunteers with no swallowing complaints underwent turbo-fast low-angle-shot magnetic resonance imaging with a 3-T scanner while swallowing liquid and pudding boluses delivered via syringe. Ninety sequential images were acquired with a temporal resolution of 113 ms per frame for each swallow. The imaging was performed in the midsagittal plane. The analyses focused on oral and pharyngeal transit times.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All subjects tolerated the protocol without complaints or adverse events. The mean (+/- SD) oral transit times for liquids and pudding were measured as 0.25 +/- 0.09 second and 0.25 +/- 0.13 second, respectively. This difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.74). The mean pharyngeal transit times for liquids and pudding were measured as 0.84 +/- 0.16 second and 1.11 +/- 0.21 seconds, respectively. This difference achieved statistical significance (p < 0.0001). The intrarater and inter-rater reliabilities for the measurements were excellent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This sequence provided a high degree of temporal resolution of deglutition in the midsagittal plane. Furthermore, the temporal measurements acquired with dynamic magnetic resonance imaging were reliable and were relatively consistent with those of previous studies done with videofluoroscopy.
authors.affiliation: NYU Voice Center, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, USA.
authors.forename: Marissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lafer
authors.affiliation: NYU Voice Center, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, USA.
authors.forename: Stratos
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Achlatis
authors.affiliation: Thyroid Head and Neck Research Center, Thyroid Head and Neck Cancer Foundation, Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Cathy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lazarus
authors.affiliation: Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, USA.
authors.forename: Yixin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: NYU Voice Center, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, USA.
authors.forename: Ryan C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Branski
authors.affiliation: NYU Voice Center, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, USA.
authors.forename: Milan R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Amin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003679:Deglutition; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D010614:Pharynx / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012372:ROC Curve; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014741:Video Recording / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult