title: Effects of dietary milled seed mixture on fatty acid status and inflammatory markers in patients on hemodialysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Plant seeds have gained interest for their health benefits due to their fatty acid content. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of dietary consumption of milled sesame/pumpkin/flax seed mixture on glycemic control, serum lipids, phospholipid fatty acid status, and inflammatory factors in patients on hemodialysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty patients with well nutrition status (18 male, 12 female) were enrolled in the study. Participants consumed 30 g of milled sesame/pumpkin/flax (6 g/6 g/18 g, resp.) seeds mixture added to their habitual diet.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and levels of linoleic, dihomo-gamma-linolenic (DGLA), arachidonic, alpha-linolenic (ALA), eicosapentaenoic, docosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acid were increased after 12 weeks of supplementation. A significant decrease of the serum triglyceride level (P < 0.001), glucose, insulin, calculated IR HOMA (P < 0.05), and inflammatory markers (TNF-alpha, IL-6, and hs-CRP, P < 0.001) was observed after seed mixture treatment. The serum levels of CRP and TNF-alpha negative correlate with ALA, DHA, and DGLA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results of this study indicated that dietary milled sesame/pumpkin/flax seed mixture added to a habitual diet lowered triglyceride and CRP, TNF-alpha, IL-6 levels, affect glycemic control and improved fatty acid profile and pruritus symptoms in hemodialysis patients.
authors.affiliation: Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 102, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Danijela
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7041-4220
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ristic-Medic
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Clinical Hospital Zemun, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Gordana
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Perunicic-Pekovic
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Clinical Hospital Zemun, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Zorica
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9381-1977
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Rasic-Milutinovic
authors.affiliation: Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 102, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Marija
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takic
authors.affiliation: Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 102, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Tamara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Popovic
authors.affiliation: Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 102, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arsic
authors.affiliation: Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 102, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Marija
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Glibetic
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D001786:Blood Glucose; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D028464:Cucurbita / Q000166:cytology; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D019597:Flax / Q000166:cytology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011537:Pruritus / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000209:etiology; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000628:therapy*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D055771:Serbia; D031685:Sesamum / Q000166:cytology; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D005227:Fatty Acids; D007328:Insulin; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014280:Triglycerides