title: Calcium lactate pre-rinse increased fluoride protection against enamel erosion in a randomized controlled in situ trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This in situ trial study was designed to evaluate whether calcium (Ca) pre-rinse would increase the fluoride (F) rinse protection against enamel erosion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen volunteers participated in this split-mouth, 3-phase, crossover design study wearing a palatal appliance containing four sterilized bovine enamel slabs, for 10 days. In the 1st phase, five participants followed protocol A: daily rinse with a Ca lactate (CaL, 150mmol/L, 1min), followed by F (NaF 12mmol/L, 1min). Other five participants followed protocol B: daily rinse only with F, while the remainders followed protocol C: no rinse (negative control). Appliances were removed from the mouth and one side of the palatal appliance was exposed to a daily erosive challenge (0.05M citric acid, 90s); the other side served as control (deionized water - no erosion). In the 2nd phase volunteers were crossed over to other protocol and in the 3rd phase volunteers received the remaining protocol not yet assigned. Specimens were evaluated for surface loss using an optical profilometer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Repeated-measures three-way ANOVA (p=0.009) and Tukey's test showed that CaL pre-rinse followed by NaF rinse significantly decreased surface loss of enamel when performed prior to an erosive challenge in comparison with the condition in which NaF only was used.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pre-rinse with CaL may increase the protection exerted by NaF against erosive wear.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cariology and Restorative Dentistry, São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Dental Research Center, Campinas, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: cecilia.turssi@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Cecilia P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Turssi
authors.affiliation: Oral Health Research Institute, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
authors.forename: Anderson T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.affiliation: Division of Cariology and Restorative Dentistry, São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Dental Research Center, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Flávia L B
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Amaral
authors.affiliation: Division of Cariology and Restorative Dentistry, São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Dental Research Center, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fabiana M G
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: França
authors.affiliation: Division of Cariology and Restorative Dentistry, São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Dental Research Center, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Roberta T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Basting
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002417:Cattle; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000009:adverse effects; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D005459:Fluorides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006244:Hardness; D006801:Humans; D007773:Lactates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014077:Tooth Erosion / Q000517:prevention & control*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D017610:Calcium Compounds; D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D007773:Lactates; D009067:Mouthwashes; D020011:Protective Agents; D019343:Citric Acid; C110051:calcium lactate; D005459:Fluorides
keywords: Calcium lactate; Enamel; Erosion; Fluoride; Tooth wear