title: Quantification of ocular biologically effective UV exposure for different rotation angle ranges based on data from a manikin.
abstract: Human outdoor activities are randomly orientated at different angles to the sun. To quantify the ocular UV and biologically effective UV (UVBE; i.e. the ocular UV irradiance exposure for photokeratitis (UVpker), photoconjunctivitis (UVpcon), and cataract (UVcat)) exposure for different rotation angle ranges, a rotating manikin was used to monitor the ocular UV exposure at different rotation angles in clear skies during July 2010 in Sanya, China. As a result, the ocular UV and UVBE irradiance was directly influenced by the rotation angle variations, primarily for the 120° rotation angle ranges facing the morning and afternoon sun when the solar elevation was lower than 60°; during these times, the UV and UVBE spectral irradiance decreased as the rotation angle increased. When compared to the 360° rotation angle ranges (which were considered to be the average exposure situation), the cumulative ocular UVBE for 60°, 120° and 180° rotation angle ranges were maximally 91% (UVcat), 94% (UVpker) and 121% (UVpcon); 71% (UVcat), 74% (UVpker) and 95% (UVpcon); 42%(UVcat), 45%(UVpker) and 55% (UVpcon) higher respectively. Meanwhile, the cumulative ocular UVBE for the 180° rotation angle ranges facing away from the sun were 46% (UVpker), 59% (UVpcon) and 45% (UVcat) lower.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
authors.forename: Liwen
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Nan-Ning
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Ou-Yang
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Tiantian
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.forename: Yanyan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Guangcong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D005123:Eye / Q000528:radiation effects*; D006801:Humans; D008348:Manikins; D012984:Software; D013057:Spectrum Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013472:Sunlight; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays