title: Human Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells promote skin wound healing through paracrine signaling.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prevalence of nonhealing wounds is predicted to increase due to the growing aging population. Despite the use of novel skin substitutes and wound dressings, poorly vascularized wound niches impair wound repair. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been reported to provide paracrine signals to promote wound healing, but the effect of human Wharton's jelly-derived MSCs (WJ-MSCs) has not yet been described in human normal skin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human WJ-MSCs and normal skin fibroblasts were isolated from donated umbilical cords and normal adult human skin. Fibroblasts were treated with WJ-MSC-conditioned medium (WJ-MSC-CM) or nonconditioned medium.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Expression of genes involved in re-epithelialization (transforming growth factor-β2), neovascularization (hypoxia-inducible factor-1α) and fibroproliferation (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1) was upregulated in WJ-MSC-CM-treated fibroblasts (P≤0.05). WJ-MSC-CM enhanced normal skin fibroblast proliferation (P≤0.001) and migration (P≤0.05), and promoted wound healing in an excisional full-thickness skin murine model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Under our experimental conditions, WJ-MSCs enhanced skin wound healing in an in vivo mouse model.
authors.forename: Anna I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Arno
authors.forename: Saeid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Amini-Nik
authors.forename: Patrick H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Blit
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Al-Shehab
authors.forename: Cassandra
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Belo
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Herer
authors.forename: Col Homer
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Tien
authors.forename: Marc G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Jeschke
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D019899:Paracrine Communication; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D062326:Re-Epithelialization; D012867:Skin / Q000166:cytology* / Q000293:injuries; D053781:Transforming Growth Factor beta2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D059631:Wharton Jelly / Q000166:cytology
chemical_list: D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D053781:Transforming Growth Factor beta2