title: Genetic identification of F1 and post-F1 serrasalmid juvenile hybrids in Brazilian aquaculture.
abstract: Juvenile fish trade monitoring is an important task on Brazilian fish farms. However, the identification of juvenile fish through morphological analysis is not feasible, particularly between interspecific hybrids and pure species individuals, making the monitoring of these individuals difficult. Hybrids can be erroneously identified as pure species in breeding facilities, which might reduce production on farms and negatively affect native populations due to escapes or stocking practices. In the present study, we used a multi-approach analysis (molecular and cytogenetic markers) to identify juveniles of three serrasalmid species (Colossoma macropomum, Piaractus mesopotamicus and Piaractus brachypomus) and their hybrids in different stocks purchased from three seed producers in Brazil. The main findings of this study were the detection of intergenus backcrossing between the hybrid ♀ patinga (P. mesopotamicus×P. brachypomus)×♂ C. macropomum and the occurrence of one hybrid triploid individual. This atypical specimen might result from automixis, a mechanism that produces unreduced gametes in some organisms. Moreover, molecular identification indicated that hybrid individuals are traded as pure species or other types of interspecific hybrids, particularly post-F1 individuals. These results show that serrasalmid fish genomes exhibit high genetic heterogeneity, and multi-approach methods and regulators could improve the surveillance of the production and trade of fish species and their hybrids, thereby facilitating the sustainable development of fish farming.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Aquicultura, Universidade Estadual Paulista, (UNESP), Campus de Jaboticabal, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Diogo Teruo
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.affiliation: Centro de Pesquisa e Gestão de Recursos Pesqueiros Continentais, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: José Augusto
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Senhorini
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, (UNESP), Campus de Botucatu, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fausto
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Foresti
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Facultad de Veterinaria, Lugo, Spain.
authors.forename: Paulino
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, (UNESP), Campus de Bauru, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fábio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Porto-Foresti
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017756:Aquaculture; D001938:Brazil; D005399:Fishes / Q000235:genetics*