title: Lipopolysaccharide, immune activation, and liver abnormalities in HIV/hepatitis B virus (HBV)-coinfected individuals receiving HBV-active combination antiretroviral therapy.
abstract: We investigated the relationship between microbial translocation, immune activation, and liver disease in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/hepatitis B virus (HBV) coinfection. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), soluble CD14, CXCL10, and CCL-2 levels were elevated in patients with HIV/HBV coinfection. Levels of LPS, soluble CD14, and CCL-2 declined following receipt of HBV-active combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), but the CXCL10 level remained elevated. No markers were associated with liver disease severity on liver biopsy (n = 96), but CXCL10, interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor α, and interferon γ (IFN-γ) were all associated with elevated liver enzyme levels during receipt of HBV-active cART. Stimulation of hepatocyte cell lines in vitro with IFN-γ and LPS induced a profound synergistic increase in the production of CXCL10. LPS may contribute to liver disease via stimulating persistent production of CXCL10.
authors.affiliation: Monash University Burnet Institute.
authors.forename: Megan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Crane
authors.affiliation: Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Anchalee
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Avihingsanon
authors.affiliation: Monash University Burnet Institute University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Reena
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rajasuriar
authors.affiliation: Monash University Burnet Institute.
authors.forename: Pushparaj
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Velayudham
authors.affiliation: Monash University St. Vincent's Hospital.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Iser
authors.affiliation: Monash University Burnet Institute.
authors.forename: Ajantha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Solomon
authors.affiliation: Burnet Institute Melbourne University.
authors.forename: Baotuti
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sebolao
authors.affiliation: Burnet Institute Melbourne University.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tran
authors.affiliation: Burnet Institute.
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Spelman
authors.affiliation: Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Gail
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.affiliation: Monash University Burnet Institute Alfred Hospital, Melbourne.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cameron
authors.affiliation: Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Pisit
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tangkijvanich
authors.affiliation: Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Gregory J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Dore
authors.affiliation: Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Kiat
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ruxrungtham
authors.affiliation: Monash University Burnet Institute Alfred Hospital, Melbourne.
authors.forename: Sharon R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Lewin
mesh_terms: D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000379:methods; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018988:Bacterial Translocation; D001706:Biopsy; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006651:Histocytochemistry; D006801:Humans; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000097:blood; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000097:blood*; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides
keywords: HIV/HBV coinfection; fibrosis; microbial translocation