title: Is metabolic syndrome truly a risk factor for male lower urinary tract symptoms or just an epiphenomenon?
abstract: To define whether the association of male lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and metabolic syndrome (MS) is real or simply an epiphenomenon, 490 male adults (mean age 58 ± 9 years) underwent International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), physical and prostate digital examinations, blood analysis, and urinary tract transabdominal ultrasound with prostate volume measurement. Mild, moderate, and severe LUTS were found in 350 (71.4%), 116 (23.7%), and 24 (4.9%) patients, respectively. MS was present in 198 (40.4%) patients, representing 37.4% (131 of 350) of those with mild LUTS, 46.5% (54 of 116) of those with moderate, and 54.1% (13 of 24) of those with severe. The odds ratio of MS having moderate or severe LUTS was 2.1. MS was more common in older age, higher body mass index, and larger prostate size. Moderate and severe LUTS were more frequent in older age, lower levels of high density cholesterol, and higher blood pressure. Older age and body mass index had significant relative risk for lower urinary tract symptoms and only age remained independent factor for LUTS on multivariate analysis. Our results suggest that the association of male LUTS, prostate volume, and MS might be coincidental and related to older age.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas (PUC-Campinas), 13060-904 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zamuner
authors.affiliation: Paulínia Municipal Hospital, 13140-295 Paulínia, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Walker Wendell
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Laranja
authors.affiliation: Paulínia Municipal Hospital, 13140-295 Paulínia, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: João Carlos Cardoso
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Alonso
authors.affiliation: Paulínia Municipal Hospital, 13140-295 Paulínia, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fabiano A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Simões
authors.affiliation: Paulínia Municipal Hospital, 13140-295 Paulínia, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ronald F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Rejowski
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas (PUC-Campinas), 13060-904 Campinas, SP, Brazil ; Paulínia Municipal Hospital, 13140-295 Paulínia, SP, Brazil ; Faculty of Medicine and Urology Division, University of Campinas (Unicamp), 13083-887 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leonardo O
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Reis