title: Epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus harboring the mecA or Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes in hospitals in Java and Bali, Indonesia.
abstract: Data of Staphylococcus aureus carriage in Indonesian hospitals are scarce. Therefore, the epidemiology of S. aureus among surgery patients in three academic hospitals in Indonesia was studied. In total, 366 of 1,502 (24.4%) patients carried S. aureus. The methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) carriage rate was 4.3%, whereas 1.5% of the patients carried Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-positive methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA). Semarang and Malang city (odds ratio [OR] 9.4 and OR 9.0), being male (OR 2.4), hospitalization for more than 5 days (OR 11.708), and antibiotic therapy during hospitalization (OR 2.6) were independent determinants for MRSA carriage, whereas prior hospitalization (OR 2.5) was the only one risk factor for PVL-positive MSSA carriage. Typing of MRSA strains by Raman spectroscopy showed three large clusters assigned type 21, 24, and 38, all corresponding to ST239-MRSA-SCCmec type III. In conclusion, MRSA and PVL-positive MSSA are present among patients in surgical wards in Indonesian academic hospitals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University/Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang, Indonesia; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University/Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University/Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University/Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia; Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Instituto de Tecnologia Quimica e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal; Center for Optical Diagnostics and Therapy, Department of Dermatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Dewi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Santosaningsih
authors.forename: Sanarto
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Santoso
authors.forename: Nyoman S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Budayanti
authors.forename: Kuntaman
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kuntaman
authors.forename: Endang S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Lestari
authors.forename: Helmia
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Farida
authors.forename: Rebriarina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hapsari
authors.forename: Purnomo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hadi
authors.forename: Winarto
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Winarto
authors.forename: Catarina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Milheiriço
authors.forename: Kees
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maquelin
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Willemse-Erix
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van Belkum
authors.forename: Juliëtte A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Severin
authors.forename: Henri A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Verbrugh
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D058345:Asymptomatic Infections / Q000453:epidemiology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000235:genetics*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis*; D005098:Exotoxins / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007214:Indonesia / Q000453:epidemiology; D007956:Leukocidins / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009666:Nose / Q000382:microbiology; D046915:Penicillin-Binding Proteins; D010614:Pharynx / Q000382:microbiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D005098:Exotoxins; D007956:Leukocidins; C078284:Panton-Valentine leukocidin; D046915:Penicillin-Binding Proteins; C487789:mecA protein, Staphylococcus aureus