title: Distributed and dynamic modelling of hydrology, phosphorus and ecology in the Hampshire Avon and Blashford Lakes: evaluating alternative strategies to meet WFD standards.
abstract: The issues of diffuse and point source phosphorus (P) pollution in the Hampshire Avon and Blashford Lakes are explored using a catchment model of the river system. A multibranch, process based, dynamic water quality model (INCA-P) has been applied to the whole river system to simulate water fluxes, total phosphorus (TP) and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) concentrations and ecology. The model has been used to assess impacts of both agricultural runoff and point sources from waste water treatment plants (WWTPs) on water quality. The results show that agriculture contributes approximately 40% of the phosphorus load and point sources the other 60% of the load in this catchment. A set of scenarios have been investigated to assess the impacts of alternative phosphorus reduction strategies and it is shown that a combined strategy of agricultural phosphorus reduction through either fertiliser reductions or better phosphorus management together with improved treatment at WWTPs would reduce the SRP concentrations in the river to acceptable levels to meet the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) requirements. A seasonal strategy for WWTP phosphorus reductions would achieve significant benefits at reduced cost.
authors.affiliation: School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK. Electronic address: paul.whitehead@ouce.ox.ac.uk.
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Whitehead
authors.affiliation: Department of Geology, State University of New York College at Cortland, Cortland, NY 13045, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Crossman
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science, Plymouth University, Drakes Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Comber
authors.affiliation: School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, University Road, Bristol, BS8 1SS, UK and Cabot Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UJ, UK.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Johnes
authors.affiliation: Atkins Limited, Chadwick House, Birchwood, Warrington WA3 6AE, UK.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Daldorph
authors.affiliation: School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, RG6 6AB. UK.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Flynn
authors.affiliation: Sustainable Soils and Grassland Systems Department, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon, EX20 2SB, UK.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.affiliation: School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Butterfield
authors.affiliation: Atkins Limited, Chadwick House, Birchwood, Warrington WA3 6AE, UK.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mistry
authors.affiliation: Wessex Water, Clevedon Walk, Nailsea, Bristol BS48 1WA, UK.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bardon
authors.affiliation: Environment Agency, Thames Regional Office, Kings Meadow House, Kings Meadow Road, Reading, Berkshire RG1 8DQ, UK.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pope
authors.affiliation: Environment Agency, Thames Regional Office, Kings Meadow House, Kings Meadow Road, Reading, Berkshire RG1 8DQ, UK.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Willows
mesh_terms: D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D004739:England; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D058735:Environmental Policy; D062070:Hydrology; D060106:Lakes / Q000737:chemistry*; D008956:Models, Chemical; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis*; D014872:Water Movements; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D014877:Water Pollution, Chemical / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D010758:Phosphorus
keywords: Hampshire Avon; Modelling; Phosphorus; Water quality