title: Induction of apoptosis of 2,4',6-trihydroxybenzophenone in HT-29 colon carcinoma cell line.
abstract: 2,4',6-Trihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone was isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl. fruits. It was found to inhibit cell proliferation in HT-29 human colon carcinoma cell line but caused little damage to WRL-68 normal human liver and MRC-5 normal human fibroblast lung cell lines. The compound was found to sharply affect the viability of HT-29 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. HT-29 cells treated with the compound showed morphological changes under microscopic examination such as cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing, DNA fragmentation, and the occurrence of apoptotic nuclei. The percentage of early apoptotic, late apoptotic, and dead or necrotic cells was determined by flow cytometry using annexin V-FTIC/PI staining. In addition, flow cytometry showed that, when the HT-29 cells were treated with 115 µM of the compound, it resulted in G0/G1 phase arrest in a time-dependent manner. Western blot revealed an upregulation of PUMA, Bak, Bcl-2, and Mcl-1 proteins suggesting that the compound induced apoptosis in HT-29 cells by regulating these proteins.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Ma Ma
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Lay
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia ; University of Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research (UMCPR), University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Saiful Anuar
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Karsani
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Sri Nurestri Abd
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6278-8559
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Malek
mesh_terms: D017304:Annexin A5 / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001577:Benzophenones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D066241:Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D048430:Cell Shape / Q000187:drug effects; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D019073:HT29 Cells; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D010636:Phenols / Q000494:pharmacology; D066244:Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D029645:Thymelaeaceae / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: C000593810:2,4',6-trihydroxybenzophenone; D017304:Annexin A5; D001577:Benzophenones; D010636:Phenols