title: Supercritical extract of Seabuckthorn Leaves (SCE200ET) inhibited endotoxemia by reducing inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide synthase 2 expression.
abstract: Endotoxins from infectious organisms lead to sepsis, a systemic inflammatory response, and a major cause of death. Numerous studies have shown the potential role of plants and plant-derived compounds in the suppression of LPS induced endotoxemia in vivo. In the present study, we have identified a plant namely Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) as a potent agent for the treatment of endotoxemia. The objective of the study was to investigate the influence of Supercritical Extract of Seabuckthorn Leaves (SCE200ET) and its active component Isorhamnetin (IR) on the LPS induced endotoxemia in Balb/c mice by measuring the level of nitric oxide (NO), TNF-α and IL-6. Expression of COX-2 and iNOS was measured to understand the involvement of various pathways in the mechanism of action of SCE200ET and IR. The results indicated that SCE200ET and IR inhibited LPS induced NO production by peritoneal macrophages. Cytokines mediated effector functions were influenced by the reduction of IL-6 and TNF-α production and CD40 expression was also markedly diminished in the extract or IR treated groups. In addition, the anti-inflammatory properties were further characterized by decreased expression of COX-2 and iNOS proteins. Fractionation and phytochemical analysis of the extract by RP-HPLC led to identification of isorhamnetin, as bioactive component. Thus, SCE200ET extract and its active component Isorhamnetin could be potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of endotoxin induced sepsis.
authors.affiliation: Immunomodulation Laboratory, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), DRDO, Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Bindhya
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jayashankar
authors.affiliation: Immunomodulation Laboratory, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), DRDO, Delhi, India. Electronic address: kpmpgi@rediffmail.com.
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.affiliation: Immunomodulation Laboratory, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), DRDO, Delhi, India.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ganju
authors.affiliation: Immunomodulation Laboratory, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), DRDO, Delhi, India.
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019013:CD40 Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000276:immunology; D019446:Endotoxemia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D031281:Hippophae; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000276:immunology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000276:immunology; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000276:immunology; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000276:immunology; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018515:Plant Leaves; D011794:Quercetin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D019013:CD40 Antigens; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C047368:3-methylquercetin; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D011794:Quercetin; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse; C077623:Ptgs2 protein, mouse; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2
keywords: CD40; Cytokines; Endotoxin; Nitric oxide; Supercritical carbon dioxide extract (SCE)