title: Design considerations for an integrated microphysiological muscle tissue for drug and tissue toxicity testing.
abstract: Microphysiological systems provide a tool to simulate normal and pathological function of organs for prolonged periods. These systems must incorporate the key functions of the individual organs and enable interactions among the corresponding microphysiological units. The relative size of different microphysiological organs and their flow rates are scaled in proportion to in vivo values. We have developed a microphysiological three-dimensional engineered human skeletal muscle system connected to a circulatory system that consists of a tissue-engineered blood vessel as part of a high-pressure arterial system. The engineered human skeletal muscle tissue reproduces key mechanical behaviors of skeletal muscle in vivo. Pulsatile flow is produced using a novel computer-controlled magnetically activated ferrogel. The system is versatile and the muscle unit can be integrated with other organ systems. Periodic monitoring of biomechanical function provides a non-invasive assessment of the health of the tissue and a way to measure the response to drugs and toxins.
authors.forename: George A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Truskey
authors.forename: Hardean E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Achneck
authors.forename: Nenad
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bursac
authors.forename: Hon
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Cindy S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fernandez
authors.forename: Sungmin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Youngmee
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koves
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Kraus
authors.forename: Kam
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Leong
authors.forename: Lauran
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Madden
authors.forename: William M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Reichert
authors.forename: Xuanhe
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D004558:Electric Stimulation; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D046210:Microfluidic Analytical Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D032446:Myoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D018675:Toxicity Tests
chemical_list: D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors