title: Description and phylogeny of Tetrakeronopsis silvanetoi gen. nov., sp. nov. (Hypotricha, Pseudokeronopsidae), a new benthic marine ciliate from Brazil.
abstract: Pseudokeronopsidae Borror & Wicklow, 1983 are biotechnologically important ciliate protists which produce toxic defense substances; however, their diversity is still little known in Brazil. In the present study, Tetrakeronopsis silvanetoi, a new genus and species of marine pseudokeronopsid hypotrichs is described from samples of water with bottom sediment collected from the coast of São Paulo state. Its phylogenetic affinities to the "core urostyloids" are hypothesized based on analyses of the 18S-rDNA marker, and a new subfamily, the Nothoholostichinae subfam. nov., is erected to name the monophylum composed of pseudokeronopsids in which the anterior corona is usually formed by four frontal cirri. In addition, the new combination Monocoronella longissima comb. nov. is proposed for Nothoholosticha longissima (Dragesco & Dragesco-Kernéis, 1986) Li et al., 2009.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Protistologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil ; Laboratório de Biologia Molecular "Francisco Mauro Salzano", Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thiago da Silva
authors.initials: Tda S
authors.lastname: Paiva
authors.affiliation: Universidade do Grande Rio, Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Amanda Ferreira Cavalcante
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: de Albuquerque
authors.affiliation: Centro de Tecnologia Agropecuária, Instituto Socioambiental e dos Recursos Hídricos, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Belém, PA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bárbara do Nascimento
authors.initials: Bdo N
authors.lastname: Borges
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biologia Molecular "Francisco Mauro Salzano", Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Lúcia
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Harada
mesh_terms: D001938:Brazil; D016798:Ciliophora / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016054:DNA, Protozoan / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny
chemical_list: D016054:DNA, Protozoan; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal