title: Impairment of recovery of muscle function by residual rocuronium after re-transfusion of intraoperative salvaged blood.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recurarization has previously been described in the context of acute normovolemic hemodilution. The aim of this study was to investigate the impairment of recovery of neuromuscular function after re-transfusion of intraoperative salvaged blood in patients treated with rocuronium.
  
  
  METHODS
  We enrolled 50 patients undergoing general anesthesia for lumbar surgery. Intraoperative blood salvage (IBS) was used in 30 patients (group I); the remaining 20 comprised a control group (group C). Anesthesia was induced with fentanyl, midazolam, propofol and rocuronium. Rocuronium was infused to maintain neuromuscular blockade during surgery. Blood was collected from the operative field and re-transfused in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU). Neuromuscular function was monitored using the train-of-four ratio (TOFr). Once the train-of-four ratio exceeded 90 in the PACU, neuromuscular function was evaluated every 5 minutes for 30 minutes. The TOFr and incremental recovery of TOFr from baseline were recorded. Salvaged blood was re-transfused at the beginning of the evaluation for patients in group I, and afterwards for patients in group C. Blood gas analysis was assessed before anesthesia and in the PACU.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Incremental recovery of TOFr from baseline was significantly less in group I than controls at 25 minutes (6.1 ± 3.2 vs. 9.1 ± 3.2, respectively; P = 0.001) and 30 minutes (7.1 ± 3.2 vs. 10.0 ± 2.2, respectively; P = 0.001). There were no significant differences in gas exchange between the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients who had received a rocuronium infusion during anesthesia, re-transfusion of salvaged blood significantly impaired recovery of neuromuscular function recovery in the PACU, but without significant impairment of respiratory function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, China. Email: w_geng@163.com.
authors.forename: Geng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, China.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, China.
authors.forename: Haibin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, China.
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China.
authors.forename: Xinmin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000732:Androstanols / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000379:methods; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation*; D009466:Neuromuscular Blocking Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077123:Rocuronium; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000732:Androstanols; D009466:Neuromuscular Blocking Agents; D000077123:Rocuronium