title: Derivative processes for modelling metabolic fluxes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  One of the challenging questions in modelling biological systems is to characterize the functional forms of the processes that control and orchestrate molecular and cellular phenotypes. Recently proposed methods for the analysis of metabolic pathways, for example, dynamic flux estimation, can only provide estimates of the underlying fluxes at discrete time points but fail to capture the complete temporal behaviour. To describe the dynamic variation of the fluxes, we additionally require the assumption of specific functional forms that can capture the temporal behaviour. However, it also remains unclear how to address the noise which might be present in experimentally measured metabolite concentrations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Here we propose a novel approach to modelling metabolic fluxes: derivative processes that are based on multiple-output Gaussian processes (MGPs), which are a flexible non-parametric Bayesian modelling technique. The main advantages that follow from MGPs approach include the natural non-parametric representation of the fluxes and ability to impute the missing data in between the measurements. Our derivative process approach allows us to model changes in metabolite derivative concentrations and to characterize the temporal behaviour of metabolic fluxes from time course data. Because the derivative of a Gaussian process is itself a Gaussian process, we can readily link metabolite concentrations to metabolic fluxes and vice versa. Here we discuss how this can be implemented in an MGP framework and illustrate its application to simple models, including nitrogen metabolism in Escherichia coli.
  
  
  METHODS
  R code is available from the authors upon request.
authors.affiliation: Theoretical Systems Biology Group, Centre for Bioinformatics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
authors.forename: Justina
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zurauskienė
authors.affiliation: Theoretical Systems Biology Group, Centre for Bioinformatics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kirk
authors.affiliation: Theoretical Systems Biology Group, Centre for Bioinformatics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Thorne
authors.affiliation: Theoretical Systems Biology Group, Centre for Bioinformatics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pinney
authors.affiliation: Theoretical Systems Biology Group, Centre for Bioinformatics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stumpf
mesh_terms: D001499:Bayes Theorem; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000378:metabolism; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways; D008954:Models, Biological; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D009584:Nitrogen