title: Expression of HMGA2 in bladder cancer and its association with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  High mobility group protein2 (HMGA2) and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition are both related to progress of bladder cancer, however, the relationship between HMGA2, E-cadherin and vimentin in bladder cancer is not yet known. Thus, this study has examined expression of HMGA2, E-cadherin and vimentin in bladder cancer and investigated their relationship.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 5637 bladder cancer cell line and SV-HUC-1 normal uroepithelial cells were used to study expression of HMGA2, E-cadherin and vimentin using RT-PCR and western blotting. Paraffin wax-embedded bladder cancer tissues were used to study protein expression using immunohistochemistry and χ(2) analysis and Kendall's correlation were utilized statistical methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overexpression of HMGA2 was associated with down-regulation of E-cadherin and up-regulation of vimentin in the 5637 bladder cancer line. A total of 49 paraffin wax-embedded tissues of transitional cell bladder cancer were used. Positive expression levels of HMGA2 protein and vimentin were 41 and 43% in bladder tissues, respectively. No expression of E-cadherin was found in 43%. Expression of HMGA2, loss of E-cadherin and expression of vimentin are all significantly correlated with bladder cancer grade and stage. Loss of E-cadherin and expression of vimentin both correlated with recurrence of the bladder cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Expression of HMGA2 was closely associated with occurrence of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Expression of HMGA2, loss of E-cadherin and expression of vimentin may indicate high degree malignancy of bladder cancer. Loss of E-cadherin expression and positive expression of vimentin may predict recurrence of bladder cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015820:Cadherins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D018450:Disease Progression; D058750:Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D025743:HMGA2 Protein / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011379:Prognosis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D014746:Vimentin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015820:Cadherins; D025743:HMGA2 Protein; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm; D014746:Vimentin