title: Cryptosporidium parvum IId family: clonal population and dispersal from Western Asia to other geographical regions.
abstract: In this study, 111 Cryptosporidium parvum IId isolates from several species of animals in China, Sweden, and Egypt were subtyped by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). One to eleven subtypes were detected at each of the 12 microsatellite, minisatellite, and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci, forming 25 MLST subtypes. Host-adaptation and significant geographical segregation were both observed in the MLST subtypes. A clonal population structure was seen in C. parvum IId isolates from China and Sweden. Three ancestral lineages and the same RPGR sequence were shared by these isolates examined. Therefore, the present genetic observations including the higher nucleotide diversity of C. parvum IId GP60 sequences in Western Asia, as well as the unique distribution of IId subtypes (almost exclusively found in Asia, Europe, and Egypt) and in combination with the domestication history of cattle, sheep, and goats, indicated that C. parvum IId subtypes were probably dispersed from Western Asia to other geographical regions. More population genetic structure studies involving various C. parvum subtype families using high-resolution tools are needed to better elucidate the origin and dissemination of C. parvum in the world.
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
authors.forename: Rongjun
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
authors.forename: Longxian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department for Animal Health and Antimicrobial Strategies, Swedish National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Axén
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Camilla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bjorkman
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
authors.forename: Fuchun
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jian
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kafr El sheikh University, Kafe El Sheikh, Egypt.
authors.forename: Said
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Amer
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
authors.forename: Aiqin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yaoyu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
authors.forename: Guoquan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
authors.forename: Chaochao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
authors.forename: Zifang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
authors.forename: Haiju
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
authors.forename: Helei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yanru
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
authors.forename: Changshen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ning
authors.affiliation: Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA.
authors.forename: Lihua
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xiao
mesh_terms: D002681:China; D016785:Cryptosporidium parvum / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004534:Egypt; D017125:Genes, Protozoan; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005828:Genetics, Population; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D018598:Minisatellite Repeats; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D058885:Multilocus Sequence Typing; D010802:Phylogeny; D058974:Phylogeography; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D013548:Sweden