title: Incubation of methamphetamine and palatable food craving after punishment-induced abstinence.
abstract: In a rat model of drug craving and relapse, cue-induced drug seeking progressively increases after withdrawal from methamphetamine and other drugs, a phenomenon termed 'incubation of drug craving'. However, current experimental procedures used to study incubation of drug craving do not incorporate negative consequences of drug use, which is a common factor promoting abstinence in humans. Here, we studied whether incubation of methamphetamine craving is observed after suppression of drug seeking by adverse consequences (punishment). We trained rats to self-administer methamphetamine or palatable food for 9 h per day for 14 days; reward delivery was paired with a tone-light cue. Subsequently, for one group within each reward type, 50% of the lever-presses were punished by mild footshock for 9-10 days, whereas for the other group lever-presses were not punished. Shock intensity was gradually increased over time. Next, we assessed cue-induced reward seeking in 1-h extinction sessions on withdrawal days 2 and 21. Response-contingent punishment suppressed extended-access methamphetamine or food self-administration; surprisingly, food-trained rats showed greater resistance to punishment than methamphetamine-trained rats. During the relapse tests, both punished and unpunished methamphetamine- and food-trained rats showed significantly higher cue-induced reward seeking on withdrawal day 21 than on day 2. These results demonstrate that incubation of both methamphetamine and food craving occur after punishment-induced suppression of methamphetamine or palatable food self-administration. Our procedure can be used to investigate mechanisms of relapse to drug and palatable food seeking under conditions that more closely approximate the human condition.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, NIDA, NIH, DHHS, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Irina N
authors.initials: IN
authors.lastname: Krasnova
authors.affiliation: 1] Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, NIDA, NIH, DHHS, Baltimore, MD, USA [2] Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
authors.forename: Nathan J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Marchant
authors.affiliation: Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, NIDA, NIH, DHHS, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ladenheim
authors.affiliation: Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, NIDA, NIH, DHHS, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Michael T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: McCoy
authors.affiliation: Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, NIDA, NIH, DHHS, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Leigh V
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Panlilio
authors.affiliation: Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, NIDA, NIH, DHHS, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bossert
authors.affiliation: Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, NIDA, NIH, DHHS, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Yavin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shaham
authors.affiliation: Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, NIDA, NIH, DHHS, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Jean L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Cadet
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D066249:Craving / Q000187:drug effects*; D003463:Cues; D058999:Drug-Seeking Behavior / Q000187:drug effects*; D004435:Eating / Q000523:psychology*; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D008297:Male; D008694:Methamphetamine / Q000633:toxicity*; D011678:Punishment; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012201:Reward
chemical_list: D008694:Methamphetamine