title: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alleviate oxidative stress induced by ADOR and enhance antioxidant responses of tomato plants.
abstract: The behaviour of tomato plants inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi grown in the presence of aqueous extracts from dry olive residue (ADOR) was studied in order to understand how this symbiotic relationship helps plants to cope with oxidative stress caused by ADOR. The influence of AM symbiosis on plant growth and other physiological parameters was also studied. Tomato plants were inoculated with the AM fungus Funneliformis mosseae and were grown in the presence of ADOR bioremediated and non-bioremediated by Coriolopsis floccosa and Penicillium chrysogenum-10. The antioxidant response as well as parameters of oxidative damage were examined in roots and leaves. The data showed a significant increase in the biomass of AM plant growth in the presence of ADOR, regardless of whether it was bioremediated. The establishment and development of the symbiosis were negatively affected after plants were exposed to ADOR. No differences were observed in the relative water content (RWC) or PS II efficiency between non-AM and AM plants. The increase in the enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1), catalase (CAT; EC 1.11.1.6) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST; EC 2.5.1.18) were simultaneous to the reduction of MDA levels and H2O2 content in AM root growth in the presence of ADOR. Similar H2O2 levels were observed among non-AM and AM plants, although only AM plants showed reduced lipid peroxidation content, probably due to the involvement of antioxidant enzymes. The results highlight how the application of both bioremediated ADOR and AM fungi can alleviate the oxidative stress conditions, improving the growth and development of tomato plants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Prof. Albareda, 1, E-18008 Granada, Spain. Electronic address: garcia_sanchez@af.czu.cz.
authors.forename: Mercedes
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: García-Sánchez
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Prof. Albareda, 1, E-18008 Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: José Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Palma
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Prof. Albareda, 1, E-18008 Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ocampo
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Prof. Albareda, 1, E-18008 Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Inmaculada
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: García-Romera
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Prof. Albareda, 1, E-18008 Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Elisabet
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Aranda
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D018533:Biomass; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D055137:Glomeromycota / Q000502:physiology*; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000502:physiology; D038821:Mycorrhizae / Q000502:physiology*; D031658:Olea / Q000737:chemistry*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010788:Photosynthesis; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology / Q000502:physiology; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology / Q000502:physiology; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D013559:Symbiosis
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D010940:Plant Proteins; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase
keywords: Antioxidant defense enzymes; Aqueous extract from dry olive residue (ADOR); Funneliformis mosseae; Oxidative stress; Saprobe fungi