title: Highly crystalline multimetallic nanoframes with three-dimensional electrocatalytic surfaces.
abstract: Control of structure at the atomic level can precisely and effectively tune catalytic properties of materials, enabling enhancement in both activity and durability. We synthesized a highly active and durable class of electrocatalysts by exploiting the structural evolution of platinum-nickel (Pt-Ni) bimetallic nanocrystals. The starting material, crystalline PtNi3 polyhedra, transforms in solution by interior erosion into Pt3Ni nanoframes with surfaces that offer three-dimensional molecular accessibility. The edges of the Pt-rich PtNi3 polyhedra are maintained in the final Pt3Ni nanoframes. Both the interior and exterior catalytic surfaces of this open-framework structure are composed of the nanosegregated Pt-skin structure, which exhibits enhanced oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity. The Pt3Ni nanoframe catalysts achieved a factor of 36 enhancement in mass activity and a factor of 22 enhancement in specific activity, respectively, for this reaction (relative to state-of-the-art platinum-carbon catalysts) during prolonged exposure to reaction conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yijin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Ziyang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Huo
authors.forename: Zhongwei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Wenyu
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Huolin L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Xin
authors.forename: Joshua D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Snyder
authors.forename: Dongguo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Herron
authors.forename: Manos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mavrikakis
authors.forename: Miaofang
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.forename: Karren L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: More
authors.forename: Yadong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Nenad M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Markovic
authors.forename: Gabor A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Somorjai
authors.forename: Peidong
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Vojislav R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Stamenkovic