title: Effect of pretreatment with palonosetron on withdrawal movement associated with rocuronium injection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The main disadvantage of rocuronium is the pain associated with vascular injection. We evaluated the efficacy of palonosetron for reducing pain after rocuronium injection.
  
  
  METHODS
  EIGHTY PATIENTS SCHEDULED FOR ELECTIVE SURGERY WERE RANDOMLY DIVIDED INTO TWO GROUPS: Group C (normal saline 1.5 ml, n = 40) and Group P (palonosetron 0.075 mg, n = 40). Anesthesia was induced with thiopental 5 mg/kg and the test drug was injected over 10 seconds. Thirty seconds after the injection of the test drug, rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg was injected over 30 seconds and the response was recorded. Injection pain was graded using a 4-point scale. The grade was 0 points for no movement, 1 point for wrist movement, 2 points for elbow or shoulder movement, and 3 points for whole body movement. Mean arterial pressure and heart rate were recorded on arrival in the operating room and before and 30 seconds after rocuronim injection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference in the grade 1 response between the two groups; however, the grade 2 and 3 responses in Group P were 5 (12.5%) and 4 (10%), respectively, which were significantly lower than in Group C, with 13 (32.5%) responses for each grade. There were no significant differences in hemodynamic changes within each group. However, the difference in mean arterial pressure before and after the injection of rocuronium was significantly larger in Group C compared to Group P.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pretreatment with palonosetron 0.075 mg reduced the incidence and severity of withdrawal movement after rocuronium administration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje university, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Kwangrae
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje university, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Seoung Hun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje university, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Wonjin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje university, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Byung-Kwan
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje university, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Myoung-Hun
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje university, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Se Hun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje university, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Kun Moo
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Lee
keywords: Injections; Pain; Palonosetron; Rocuronium