title: Beer fermentation: monitoring of process parameters by FT-NIR and multivariate data analysis.
abstract: This work investigates the capability of Fourier-Transform near infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy to monitor and assess process parameters in beer fermentation at different operative conditions. For this purpose, the fermentation of wort with two different yeast strains and at different temperatures was monitored for nine days by FT-NIR. To correlate the collected spectra with °Brix, pH and biomass, different multivariate data methodologies were applied. Principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares (PLS) and locally weighted regression (LWR) were used to assess the relationship between FT-NIR spectra and the abovementioned process parameters that define the beer fermentation. The accuracy and robustness of the obtained results clearly show the suitability of FT-NIR spectroscopy, combined with multivariate data analysis, to be used as a quality control tool in the beer fermentation process. FT-NIR spectroscopy, when combined with LWR, demonstrates to be a perfectly suitable quantitative method to be implemented in the production of beer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grassi
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. Electronic address: jmar@food.ku.dk.
authors.forename: José Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Amigo
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
authors.forename: Christian Bøge
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Lyndgaard
authors.affiliation: Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Foschino
authors.affiliation: Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Ernestina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Casiraghi
mesh_terms: D001515:Beer / Q000032:analysis* / Q000382:microbiology; D005285:Fermentation; D005524:Food Technology / Q000379:methods*; D020902:Hypericum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared / Q000379:methods*; D015003:Yeasts / Q000378:metabolism*
keywords: Beer fermentation; FT-NIR; LWR; NIR; PCA; PLS; Quality control