title: Glycine propionyl l-carnitine attenuates d-Galactosamine induced fulminant hepatic failure in wistar rats.
abstract: Glycine propionyl l-carnitine (GPLC) is a propionyl ester of carnitine that includes an additional glycine component. The present study evaluated hepatoprotective effect of GPLC in d-Galactosamine (d-GalN) induced fulminant hepatic failure. Rats were intraperitonially administered d-GalN (700mg/kgBW). GPLC was given as a pre-treatment (35mg/kgBW/day) for 1month followed by a single dose of d-GalN on the 31st day. d-GalN administration resulted in increased mortality and serum ALT and AST activities. These increases were significantly attenuated by GPLC. d-GalN treatment increased hepatic lipid peroxidation and a decrease in reduced glutathione content was observed. GPLC pre-treatment significantly decreased lipid peroxidation and augmented the level of GSH. d-GalN increased the circulating level of TNF-α and ATM-Kinase and MAP-Kinase expression. GPLC supplementation inhibited the increase in serum TNF-α and ATM-Kinase and MAP-Kinase expression. d-GalN treatment increased the level of Bax and Caspase-3 m-RNA while as a decline was observed in Bcl2 m-RNA. GPLC prevented the increase in Caspase-3 and Bax m-RNA and at the same time augmented the expression of Bcl2 m-RNA. Our findings suggest that GPLC alleviates d-GalN induced liver injury by strengthening antioxidative defense system and reducing apoptotic signalling pathways.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India. Electronic address: ganaikashmir@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ajaz A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Ganai
authors.affiliation: Developmental Toxicology Division, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India. Electronic address: jahan149@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sadaf
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jahan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India. Electronic address: amjidpar12@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Amjid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ahad
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India. Electronic address: mzabdin@rediffmail.com.
authors.forename: M Z
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Abdin
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India. Electronic address: humbiotech@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Humaira
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Farooqi
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D001483:Base Sequence; D002331:Carnitine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D020552:Comet Assay; D017931:DNA Primers; D005688:Galactosamine / Q000633:toxicity*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000097:blood; D005998:Glycine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D017114:Liver Failure, Acute / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D005688:Galactosamine; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D005978:Glutathione; C000588486:glycine propionyl carnitine; D002331:Carnitine; D005998:Glycine
keywords: Inflammation; Lipid peroxidation; Liver damage; Oxidative stress