title: Race, regionality and pre-diabetes in the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the association between race, region and pre-diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study used 2003-2007 United States baseline data from the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study for this cross-sectional analysis. Participants in this study were 45years or older at recruitment. Logistic regression was used to assess whether race and region are associated with pre-diabetes independent of demographics, socioeconomic factors and risk factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-four percent of the study participants (n=19,889) had pre-diabetes. The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for having pre-diabetes was 1.28 (1.19-1.36) for blacks relative to whites and 1.18 (1.10-1.26) for people living in the Stroke Belt region relative to the other parts of the United States. The odds of having pre-diabetes for Stroke Belt participants changed minimally after additional adjustment for race (OR=1.20; 1.13-1.28), age and sex (OR=1.24; 1.16-1.32), socioeconomic status (OR=1.22; 1.15-1.31) and risk factors (OR=1.26; 1.17-1.35). In the adjusted model, being black was independently associated with pre-diabetes (OR=1.19; 1.10-1.28).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of pre-diabetes was higher for both blacks and whites living in the Stroke Belt relative to living outside the Stroke Belt, and the prevalence of pre-diabetes was higher for blacks independent of region.
authors.affiliation: UAB School of Nursing, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Ave South, Birmingham, AL 35294-1210, USA. Electronic address: llee@uab.edu.
authors.forename: Loretta T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: UAB School of Nursing, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Ave South, Birmingham, AL 35294-1210, USA. Electronic address: annealex@uab.edu.
authors.forename: Anne W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Alexandrov
authors.affiliation: Ryals School for Public Health, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Ave South, Birmingham, AL 35294-0113, USA. Electronic address: vjhoward@uab.edu.
authors.forename: Virginia J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2525 West End Ave, Suite 316 Room 2, Nashville, TN 37203, USA. Electronic address: Edmond.kabagambe@vanderbilt.edu.
authors.forename: Edmond K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Kabagambe
authors.affiliation: UAB School of Nursing, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Ave South, Birmingham, AL 35294-1210, USA. Electronic address: wright@uab.edu.
authors.forename: Mary A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hess
authors.affiliation: UAB School of Nursing, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Ave South, Birmingham, AL 35294-1210, USA. Electronic address: rho211@uab.edu.
authors.forename: Rhonda M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: McLain
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Preventive Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Ave South Birmingham, AL 35294-0113, USA. Electronic address: msafford@uab.edu.
authors.forename: Monika M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Safford
authors.affiliation: Ryals School for Public Health, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Ave South, Birmingham, AL 35294-0113, USA. Electronic address: ghoward@uab.edu.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Howard
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000208:ethnology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D015144:Southeastern United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D020521:Stroke / Q000208:ethnology*; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
keywords: Diabetes; Fasting blood glucose; Impaired fasting glucose; Impaired glucose tolerance; Non-Stroke Belt region; Odds ratios; Pre-diabetes; REGARDS study; Stroke Belt region; Type 2 diabetes