title: Acclimation of hydrogen peroxide enhances salt tolerance by activating defense-related proteins in Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer.
abstract: The effect of exogenously applied hydrogen peroxide on salt stress tolerance was investigated in Panax ginseng. Pretreatment of ginseng seedlings with 100 μM H2O2 increased the physiological salt tolerance of the ginseng plant and was used as the optimum concentration to induce salt tolerance capacity. Treatment with exogenous H2O2 for 2 days significantly enhanced salt stress tolerance in ginseng seedlings by increasing the activities of ascorbate peroxidase, catalase and guaiacol peroxidase and by decreasing the concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) and endogenous H2O2 as well as the production rate of superoxide radical (O2(-)). There was a positive physiological effect on the growth and development of salt-stressed seedlings by exogenous H2O2 as measured by ginseng dry weight and both chlorophyll and carotenoid contents. Exogenous H2O2 induced changes in MDA, O2(-), antioxidant enzymes and antioxidant compounds, which are responsible for increases in salt stress tolerance. Salt treatment caused drastic declines in ginseng growth and antioxidants levels; whereas, acclimation treatment with H2O2 allowed the ginseng seedlings to recover from salt stress by up-regulation of defense-related proteins such as antioxidant enzymes and antioxidant compounds.
authors.affiliation: Korean Ginseng Center for Most Valuable Products & Ginseng Genetic Resource Bank, Kyung Hee University, Suwon, 449-701, South Korea, gaya.micro@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Gayathri
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sathiyaraj
authors.forename: Sathiyaraj
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Srinivasan
authors.forename: Yu-Jin
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ok Ran
authors.initials: OR
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Shonana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Parvin
authors.forename: Sri Renuka Devi
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Balusamy
authors.forename: Atlanzul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khorolragchaa
authors.forename: Deok Chun
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D060387:Ascorbate Peroxidases / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002374:Catalase / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005894:Panax / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000096:biosynthesis; D055049:Salt Tolerance / Q000187:drug effects*; D036226:Seedlings / Q000187:drug effects; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; C121048:guaiacol peroxidase; D060387:Ascorbate Peroxidases; D002374:Catalase; D009195:Peroxidase