title: Ameliorating effect of spinosin, a C-glycoside flavonoid, on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice.
abstract: Spinosin is a C-glycoside flavonoid isolated from the seeds of Zizyphus jujuba var. spinosa. This study investigated the effect of spinosin on cholinergic blockade-induced memory impairment in mice. Behavioral tests were conducted using the passive avoidance, Y-maze, and Morris water maze tasks to evaluate the memory-ameliorating effect of spinosin. Spinosin (10 or 20mg/kg, p.o.) significantly ameliorated scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment in these behavioral tasks with a prolonged latency time in the passive avoidance task, an increased percentage of spontaneous alternation in the Y-maze task and a lengthened swimming time in target quadrant in the Morris water maze task. In addition, a single administration of spinosin in normal naïve mice also enhanced the latency time in the passive avoidance task. To identify the mechanism of the memory-ameliorating effect of spinosin, receptor antagonism analysis and Western blotting were performed. The ameliorating effect of spinosin on scopolamine-induced memory impairment was significantly antagonized by a sub-effective dose (0.5mg/kg, i.p.) of 8-hydroxy-2-(di-N-propylamino)tetralin, a 5-HT1A receptor agonist. In addition, spinosin significantly increased the expression levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinases and cAMP response element-binding proteins in the hippocampus. Taken together, these results indicate that the memory-ameliorating effect of spinosin may be, in part, due to the serotonergic neurotransmitter system, and that spinosin may be useful for the treatment of cognitive dysfunction in diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Kyunghee-daero 26, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Kyunghee-daero 26, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: In Ho
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Kyunghee-daero 26, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Kyunghee-daero 26, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyung Eun
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Kyunghee-daero 26, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Kyunghee-daero 26, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Se Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Kyunghee-daero 26, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Kyunghee-daero 26, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young Je
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Kyunghee-daero 26, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Kyunghee-daero 26, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Guyoung
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Kyunghee-daero 26, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Kyunghee-daero 26, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.affiliation: Natural Products Research Institute and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: So Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Natural Products Research Institute and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ju Sun
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Daehwa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Seongnam 463-400, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yeong-Woo
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Jo
authors.affiliation: Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Kyunghee-daero 26, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Kyunghee-daero 26, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dae Sik
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: Natural Products Research Institute and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sam Sik
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Kyunghee-daero 26, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Kyunghee-daero 26, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Kyunghee-daero 26, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: jhryu63@khu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jong Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ryu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists / Q000633:toxicity*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects; D012601:Scopolamine / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists; C055669:spinosin; D012601:Scopolamine
keywords: 5-HT(1A) receptor; Memory impairment; Spinosin; Zizyphus jujuba var. spinosa