title: Time-lapse electrical resistivity investigations for imaging the grouting injection in shallow subsurface cavities.
abstract: The highway of Yongweol-ri, Muan-gun, south-western part of the South Korean Peninsula, is underlain by the abandoned of subsurface cavities, which were discovered in 2005. These cavities lie at shallow depths with the range of 5∼15 meters below the ground surface. Numerous subsidence events have repeatedly occurred in the past few years, damaging infrastructure and highway. As a result of continuing subsidence issues, the Korean Institute of Geosciences and Mineral Resources (KIGAM) was requested by local administration to resolve the issue. The KIGAM used geophysical methods to delineate subsurface cavities and improve more refined understanding of the cavities network in the study area. Cement based grouting has been widely employed in the construction industry to reinforce subsurface ground. In this research work, time-lapse electrical resistivity surveys were accomplished to monitor the grouting injection in the subsurface cavities beneath the highway, which have provided a quasi-real-time monitoring for modifying the subsurface cavities related to ground reinforcement, which would be difficult with direct methods. The results obtained from time-lapse electrical resistivity technique have satisfactory imaged the grouting injection experiment in the subsurface cavities beneath the highway. Furthermore, the borehole camera confirmed the presence of grouting material in the subsurface cavities, and hence this procedure increases the mechanical resistance of subsurface cavities below the highway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Farooq
authors.affiliation: Geoelectrical Imaging Lab, Korean Institute Geosciences and Mineral Resources, Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Samgyu
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2400-6138
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Geoelectrical Imaging Lab, Korean Institute Geosciences and Mineral Resources, Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jung Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Mineral Resources and Energy Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young Soo
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amjad Sabir
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Umar
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tariq
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Said
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Muhammad
mesh_terms: D017097:Electric Impedance; D055593:Geological Phenomena; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D056910:Republic of Korea