title: Immunochromatographic diagnostic test analysis using Google Glass.
abstract: We demonstrate a Google Glass-based rapid diagnostic test (RDT) reader platform capable of qualitative and quantitative measurements of various lateral flow immunochromatographic assays and similar biomedical diagnostics tests. Using a custom-written Glass application and without any external hardware attachments, one or more RDTs labeled with Quick Response (QR) code identifiers are simultaneously imaged using the built-in camera of the Google Glass that is based on a hands-free and voice-controlled interface and digitally transmitted to a server for digital processing. The acquired JPEG images are automatically processed to locate all the RDTs and, for each RDT, to produce a quantitative diagnostic result, which is returned to the Google Glass (i.e., the user) and also stored on a central server along with the RDT image, QR code, and other related information (e.g., demographic data). The same server also provides a dynamic spatiotemporal map and real-time statistics for uploaded RDT results accessible through Internet browsers. We tested this Google Glass-based diagnostic platform using qualitative (i.e., yes/no) human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and quantitative prostate-specific antigen (PSA) tests. For the quantitative RDTs, we measured activated tests at various concentrations ranging from 0 to 200 ng/mL for free and total PSA. This wearable RDT reader platform running on Google Glass combines a hands-free sensing and image capture interface with powerful servers running our custom image processing codes, and it can be quite useful for real-time spatiotemporal tracking of various diseases and personal medical conditions, providing a valuable tool for epidemiology and mobile health.
authors.affiliation: Electrical Engineering Department, ‡Bioengineering Department, §California NanoSystems Institute, and ⊥Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Romain
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Caire
authors.forename: Bingen
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cortazar
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Turan
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Aydogan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ozcan
mesh_terms: D002846:Chromatography, Affinity / Q000295:instrumentation*; D003955:Diagnostic Tests, Routine / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D006678:HIV / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D013672:Technology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen