title: Neutrophils infiltration in the tongue squamous cell carcinoma and its correlation with CEACAM1 expression on tumor cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study aimed to explore the clinical significance of neutrophils infiltration and carcinoembryonic antigen related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) expression in the tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC), and to probe the possible relationship between them.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry were used to detect neutrophils density and CEACAM1 expression in 74 cases of primary TSCC specimens and 17 cases of corresponding peritumoral tissues. The relationship of CEACAM1 expression and neutrophils density with clinicopathologic parameters and cancer-related survival of TSCC patients were evaluated. The correlation between CEACAM1 expression and neutrophils density was also evaluated. Real-time quantitative transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to explore the possible molecular mechanisms between CEACAM1 expression and neutrophils infiltration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immunohistochemistry evaluation revealed that there was more neutrophils infiltration in TSCC tissues than in peritumoral tissues. High neutrophil density was associated with LN metastasis (P=0.01), higher clinical stage (P=0.037) and tumor recurrence (P=0.024). CEACAM1 overexpression was also associated with lymph node metastasis (P=0.000) and higher clinical stage (P=0.001). Survival analysis revealed that both neutrophils infiltration and CEACAM1 overexpression were associated with poorer cancer-related survival of TSCC patients (P<0.05), and neutrophils infiltration was an independent prognostic factor for TSCC (P<0.05). Furthermore, overexpression of CEACAM1 was correlated with more neutrophils infiltration in TSCC tissues (P<0.01). qRT-PCR results showed that CEACAM1-4L can upregulate the mRNA expression of IL-8 and CXCL-6, which were strong chemotactic factors of neutrophils.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results demonstrated that more neutrophils infiltration and overexpression of CEACAM1 were associated with poor clinical outcomes in TSCC tissues. Overexpression of CEACAM1 on tumor cells correlated with more neutrophils infiltration to some extent through upregulating mRNA expression of IL-8 and CXCL-6.
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, Qilu Hospital, and Institute of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China ; Department of Pathology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China ; Department of Pathology, Medical College of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Yuanyong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Qingjie
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, Qilu Hospital, and Institute of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Shaohua
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Medical College of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, Qilu Hospital, and Institute of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Mingxia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, Qilu Hospital, and Institute of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoying
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, Qilu Hospital, and Institute of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Guixiang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Xun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, Qilu Hospital, and Institute of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Fengcai
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wei
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017398:Alternative Splicing; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000235:genetics; D054427:Chemokine CXCL6 / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000235:genetics; D016256:Lewis X Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D020556:Neutrophil Infiltration; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000378:metabolism; D014062:Tongue Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; C111835:CCL2 protein, human; C069847:CD66 antigens; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D054427:Chemokine CXCL6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D016256:Lewis X Antigen