title: Viral determinants of influenza A virus host range.
abstract: Typical avian influenza A viruses are restricted from replicating efficiently and causing disease in humans. However, an avian virus can become adapted to humans by mutating or recombining with currently circulating human viruses. These viruses have the potential to cause pandemics in an immunologically naïve human population. It is critical that we understand the molecular basis of host-range restriction and how this can be overcome. Here, we review our current understanding of the mechanisms by which influenza viruses adapt to replicate efficiently in a new host. We predominantly focus on the influenza polymerase, which remains one of the least understood host-range barriers.
authors.affiliation: Imperial College London, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK.
authors.forename: Anna V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Cauldwell
authors.affiliation: Imperial College London, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK.
authors.forename: Jason S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Long
authors.affiliation: Imperial College London, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Moncorgé
authors.affiliation: Imperial College London, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK.
authors.forename: Wendy S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Barclay
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000818:Animals; D001717:Birds; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D005814:Genes, Viral; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D058507:Host Specificity / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity* / Q000502:physiology; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D009154:Mutation; D009439:Neuraminidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D009698:Nucleoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus; D009698:Nucleoproteins; D014764:Viral Proteins; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases; D009439:Neuraminidase