title: Toxicity assessment of perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) towards the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus.
abstract: The effects of acute toxicity, 3-day population growth and morphological effects of perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) with carbon chain lengths of 2-6 on the freshwater rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus were investigated. The results indicated that the 24-h median lethal concentration (LC50) values of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), perfluoropropionic acid (PFPrA), perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), perfluopentanoic acid (PFPeA), and perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) towards B. calyciflorus were 70, 80, 110, 130 and 140 mg L(-1), respectively. The acute effects of PFCAs decreased with the increase of carbon chain length. The parameters used to determine 3-day population growth on these compounds were the rate of population increase (r) and mictic ratio. With the increase of fluorinated carbon-chain length, the r values of TFA, PFPrA, PFBA, PFPeA and PFHxA decreased by 0.99%, 16.8%, 16.5%, 22.4% and 32.0%, respectively. Mictic ratios ranged from 0.707 to 0.953 for PFCAs with carbon chain lengths of 2-6. In addition, the mictic ratio, body size and egg size exposed to some PFCAs were higher than those of the controls. These results offer a useful method for the ecological risk assessment of these short chain PFCAs.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China.
authors.forename: Yujuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China. Electronic address: junfengn@bnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Junfeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China.
authors.forename: Lilan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China.
authors.forename: Jianghong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002264:Carboxylic Acids / Q000633:toxicity*; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000633:toxicity*; D012403:Rotifera; D018675:Toxicity Tests; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D002264:Carboxylic Acids; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs); Population growth; Rotifers; Toxicity