title: Insulin-like growth factor-II: its role in metabolic and endocrine disease.
abstract: Insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II) is a widely expressed 7·5 kDa mitogenic peptide hormone. Although it is abundant in serum, understanding of its physiological role is limited compared with that of IGF-I. IGF-II regulates foetal development and differentiation, but its role in adults is less well understood. Evidence suggests roles in a number of tissues including skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, bone and ovary. Altered IGF-II expression has been observed in metabolic conditions, notably obesity, diabetes and the polycystic ovary syndrome. This article summarizes what is known about the actions of IGF-II and its dysregulation in metabolic and endocrine diseases. The possible causes and consequences of dysregulation are discussed along with the implications for diagnostic tests and future research.
authors.affiliation: Peptide Hormones Supraregional Assay Service (SAS), Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Trust, Guildford, UK; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
authors.forename: Callum
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Livingstone
authors.forename: Anwar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Borai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000378:metabolism; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000378:metabolism; D004703:Endocrine System; D004700:Endocrine System Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006130:Growth Disorders / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C035170:IGF2 protein, human; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II