title: Comparative study between doses of intrathecal morphine for analgesia after caesarean.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Analgesia after caesarean section is important because postpartum women with pain have difficulty in mobility, which undermines breastfeeding. Intrathecal morphine provides adequate and prolonged analgesia after cesarean. The aim of this study was to compare the quality of analgesia provided by two doses of intrathecal morphine and its side effects in patients undergoing cesarean section.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 123 pregnant women with gestational age over 38 weeks and scheduled for cesarean section. The women were randomly allocated into two groups to receive either 50 or 100 μg of intrathecal morphine (Group 50/Group 100). All patients were intrathecally anesthetized with 12 mg of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine. Patients were assessed between the 9(th) and 11(th) hour and the 22(nd) and 24(th) hour after blockade for quality of analgesia, analgesic consumption, side effects, and main cause of discomfort in the first 24 hours after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was similarity between groups regarding anthropometric data and obstetric history. There was no statistical difference in pain intensity between groups. In both groups, pain was more intense in the first 12 hours after anesthesia (p < 0.001). Tramadol hydrochloride consumption and time to first dose were similar in both groups. Pruritus was the most common side effect, with statistically higher incidence in Group 100 (p = 0.026).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intrathecal morphine 50 μg provides the same quality of analgesia as 100 μg, with a lower incidence of side effects.
authors.affiliation: Hospital Santa Cruz, Curitiba, PR, Brazil. Electronic address: chicoegydio@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Francisco Amaral Egydio de
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.affiliation: Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sérgio B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Tenório
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016362:Analgesia, Obstetrical / Q000379:methods*; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002585:Cesarean Section; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D009020:Morphine
keywords: Analgesia; Caesarean section; Intrathecal; Morphine; Side effects; Visual analogue scale