title: Complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) to detect Anti-HLA antibodies: old but gold.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The criterion (gold) standard to detect anti-human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies is the complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) assay. Recently, more sensitive methods have been used for the same purpose.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study analyzed 70 serum samples of patients with end-stage renal disease using CDC, CDC with the addition of anti-human globulin (CDC-AHG), CDC with the addition of dithiothreitol (CDC-DTT), and the recent solid-phase immunoassay (SPI; Labscreen PRA) to detect anti-HLA antibodies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean percent panel reactive antibodies (PRA) detected by SPI was 37.5% (±34.2) higher than the values detected by the other methods. Comparative analyses revealed significant difference between CDC and CDC-AHG, and between CDC and SPI (P < 0.0001), but not between CDC-AHG and SPI (P = 0.8026).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the CDC-AHG method is "old," its performance to detect anti-HLA antibodies in the samples analyzed was comparable to the SPI in the evaluation of percent class I PRA.
authors.affiliation: Basic Health Sciences Department, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Patrícia Keiko
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Roger Haruki
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Yamakawa
authors.forename: Lucieni Christina Marques da Silva
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Waldir Veríssimo
authors.initials: WV
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.forename: Sueli Donizete
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Borelli
mesh_terms: D000906:Antibodies / Q000276:immunology*; D000918:Antibody Specificity / Q000276:immunology; D003165:Complement System Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; D004229:Dithiothreitol / Q000378:metabolism; D005916:Globulins / Q000276:immunology; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D005916:Globulins; D006680:HLA Antigens; D003165:Complement System Proteins; D004229:Dithiothreitol
keywords: CDC; HLA; alloantibodies; end-stage renal disease; panel reactive antibodies; solid-phase immunoassay; transplantation