title: Frequency of energy drink use predicts illicit prescription stimulant use.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to examine energy drink (ED) usage patterns and to investigate the illicit use of prescription stimulants among college students.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample of 267 undergraduate and graduate students (mean age of 22.48 among stimulant users) from a large midwestern university and its branch campus locations voluntarily participated in the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among prescription stimulant users without a valid medical prescription, Mann-Whitney U tests and logistic regression analysis revealed that the frequency of ED use was a significant predictor of the illicit use of prescription stimulants. Moreover, frequency of ED consumption was a significant predictor of the illicit use of prescription stimulant medications, with the odds for using increasing by .06 with each additional day of ED use past 0 day (odds for use = 1.06, P =.008).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results indicate that the frequency of ED use is a significant predictor of the illicit use of prescription stimulants. All prescription stimulant users with or without a valid script also used EDs. This finding is important to practitioners because of the harmful interactions (eg, serotonin syndrome) that can occur when ED ingredients (eg, ginseng, yohimbine, evodamine, etc) are mixed with prescription stimulants.
authors.affiliation: a Logan University , Chesterfield , Missouri , USA.
authors.forename: Conrad L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Woolsey
authors.forename: Laura B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Barnes
authors.forename: Bert H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Jacobson
authors.forename: Weston S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Kensinger
authors.forename: Adam E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Barry
authors.forename: Niels C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.forename: Andrew G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Resnik
authors.forename: Marion W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Evans
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D061215:Energy Drinks / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015146:Midwestern United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D063487:Prescription Drug Misuse / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012307:Risk Factors; D012646:Self Administration; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology*; D014495:Universities; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants