title: Fermented Pu-erh tea increases in vitro anticancer activities in HT-29 cells and has antiangiogenetic effects on HUVECs.
abstract: Pu-erh tea is produced in China and known to possess medicinal properties. The anticancer and antiangiogenesis effects of fermented Pu-erh tea on HT-29 colon cancer cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells, respectively, were examined. Two kinds of unfermented and fermented Pu-erh tea (Seven-son tea cake Pu-erh tea and Xiaguan bowl tea [X]) and green tea were used. An MTT assay showed fermented Pu-erh tea X (85% inhibition) possessed more potent anticancer activities than unfermented Pu-erh tea X (67% inhibition) and green tea (53% inhibition) (P < 0.05). Moreover, fermented Pu-erh tea X increased the number of apoptotic bodies determined through DAPI staining and flow cytometric analysis. Fermented Pu-erh tea X induced apoptosis indicated by increased expression of Bax, caspase-9, and caspase-3 messenger RNA and decreased expression of Bcl-2. Fermented Pu-erh tea X also had an anti-inflammation effect, shown in decreased expression of nuclear factor-κB-p65, inducible nitric oxide synthase, COX-2 messenger RNA and increased expression of IκB-α. Further, fermented Pu-erh teas showed stronger antiangiogenesis effects than the 2 other types of tea. After fermentation, the concentrations of gallic acid, resorcylic acid, quercetin, and kaempferol in Pu-erh tea were increased. These results collectively indicated that fermented and unfermented Pu-erh teas possess stronger anticancer and antiangiogenesis effects than green tea. Furthermore, fermented Pu-erh tea showed stronger functional activities than unfermented Pu-erh tea.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea; Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Jia-Le
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Research Center on Anti-Obesity and Health Care, Chonnam National University, Yosu, Chonnam, Korea.
authors.forename: Jong-Deog
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Gyeonggi Biocenter, Gyeonggi Institute of Science and Technology Promotion (GSTEP), Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
authors.forename: Jong-Suk
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Kun-Young
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D005285:Fermentation; D019073:HT29 Cells; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008517:Phytotherapy; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D013662:Tea; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D013662:Tea; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D020169:Caspases