title: Outcome of acute kidney injury in Sudanese children - an experience from a sub-Saharan African unit.
abstract: ♦
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Although continuous renal replacement therapy is gaining more popularity worldwide, peritoneal dialysis (PD) in children remains an appropriate therapy for AKI in children for all age groups including neonates. ♦
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed all children who have been admitted with AKI at the pediatric nephrology unit, Soba University Hospital, Khartoum, during the period from January 2005 to December 2011. ♦
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over 7 years we recorded 659 children of whom 362 (54.9%) were male. The spectrum of age was variable with the majority being neonates, 178 (27.1%). The average patient admission rate was 94 patients per year, with an estimated incidence of 9.8 patients/million population/year. Common causes of AKI were sepsis 202 (30.8%), acute glomerulonephritis 75 (11.5%) and obstructive uropathy due to stones 56 (8.5%). The most common dialysis modality used was PD, 343 (52.4%), and peritonitis was reported in 53 (15.4%) patients. Recovery from AKI was achieved in 450 (68.9%) children, 37 (5.7%) went into chronic kidney disease (CKD), 33 (5.1%) referred to the pediatric surgery and 194 (29.7%) died. ♦
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the setting of developing countries where AKI is a common cause of morbidity and mortality, reasonably equipped renal units with adequately trained medical staff may save many lives. International funding programs for communicable diseases and charity organizations should include AKI management in their programs. Acute PD remains the treatment modality of choice for AKI in developing countries.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Nephrology Unit Soba University Hospital, University of Khartoum, Sudan; Children's Renal & Urology Unit, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK; and Sudan PD program, Khartoum, Sudan.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abdelraheem
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Nephrology Unit Soba University Hospital, University of Khartoum, Sudan; Children's Renal & Urology Unit, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK; and Sudan PD program, Khartoum, Sudan.
authors.forename: El-Tigani
authors.initials: el-T
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Nephrology Unit Soba University Hospital, University of Khartoum, Sudan; Children's Renal & Urology Unit, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK; and Sudan PD program, Khartoum, Sudan.
authors.forename: Rania
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Osman
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Nephrology Unit Soba University Hospital, University of Khartoum, Sudan; Children's Renal & Urology Unit, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK; and Sudan PD program, Khartoum, Sudan.
authors.forename: Rashid
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ellidir
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Nephrology Unit Soba University Hospital, University of Khartoum, Sudan; Children's Renal & Urology Unit, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK; and Sudan PD program, Khartoum, Sudan.
authors.forename: Amna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bushara
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Nephrology Unit Soba University Hospital, University of Khartoum, Sudan; Children's Renal & Urology Unit, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK; and Sudan PD program, Khartoum, Sudan.
authors.forename: Rasha
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hussein
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Nephrology Unit Soba University Hospital, University of Khartoum, Sudan; Children's Renal & Urology Unit, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK; and Sudan PD program, Khartoum, Sudan.
authors.forename: Shiraz
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Elgailany
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Nephrology Unit Soba University Hospital, University of Khartoum, Sudan; Children's Renal & Urology Unit, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK; and Sudan PD program, Khartoum, Sudan.
authors.forename: Yassir
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bakhit
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Nephrology Unit Soba University Hospital, University of Khartoum, Sudan; Children's Renal & Urology Unit, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK; and Sudan PD program, Khartoum, Sudan.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karrar
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Nephrology Unit Soba University Hospital, University of Khartoum, Sudan; Children's Renal & Urology Unit, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK; and Sudan PD program, Khartoum, Sudan.
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Nephrology Unit Soba University Hospital, University of Khartoum, Sudan; Children's Renal & Urology Unit, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK; and Sudan PD program, Khartoum, Sudan.
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Abu-Aisha
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D000293:Adolescent; D017954:Africa South of the Sahara / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D017582:Renal Replacement Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Acute kidney injury; Africa; Sudan; children; peritoneal dialysis