title: The beliefs about pros and cons of drinking and intention to change among hazardous and moderate alcohol users: a population-based cross-sectional study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fundamental to supporting hazardous alcohol users are the rationales for reducing alcohol intake highlighted by the users themselves. This study analyses the relative importance of beliefs about pros and cons of drinking in relation to having an intention to reduce intake among both hazardous and moderate alcohol users.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intention to change was assessed in a representative sample of Stockholm's population (n = 4278, response rate 56.5%). Alcohol use was assessed using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test measure. A decisional balance inventory was used to examine various beliefs about the pros and cons of drinking, which covered affect changes, social gains and losses, and possible adverse effects. Independent correlations were determined by logistic regression using a backward exclusion procedure (P > 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Higher ratings of importance were generally related to intent, whether or not the contrast was with having no intent or already having made a reduction. This was especially true for hazardous users. Only two beliefs were independently correlated with change among hazardous users: 'Drinking could get me addicted' and 'Drinking makes me more relaxed/less tense' (pseudo-R2 < 0.1). Among moderate users, there was no uniform pattern in the relationships.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Unexpectedly, hazardous users with an intent to change rated pro arguments as more important than those with no intent to change. Of the investigated pros and cons, only a few were independently related to intention to change drinking behaviour. These arguments provide interesting topics in consultations. Little support was found for any rational decision making behind the intention to reduce alcohol intake.
authors.affiliation: 1 Uppsala Universitet, 751 05 Uppsala, Sweden fran3499@student.uu.se.
authors.forename: Fredrik G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Ansker
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 18A, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden3 Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, 171 29 Solna, Sweden4 Reykjavik University, Iceland.
authors.forename: Asgeir R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Helgason
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 18A, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden3 Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, 171 29 Solna, Sweden.
authors.forename: Kozma
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ahacic
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D001294:Attitude to Health; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D033182:Intention; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult