title: Peripheral arterial disease.
abstract: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is an atherosclerotic-driven condition that remains underdiagnosed and undertreated. In diabetic patients, PAD begins early, progresses rapidly, and is frequently asymptomatic, making it difficult to diagnose. Strict management of the metabolic instigators and use of screening techniques for PAD in diabetes can facilitate early diagnosis and reduce progression. Exercise is an equally effective treatment option in improving walking distance. Early revascularization must be offered early in suitable patients. Surgical bypass and endovascular revascularization are complementary and the choice of intervention should be applied appropriately by a multidisciplinary vascular team on a selective, patient-specific basis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Tameside Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Fountain Street, Ashton-Under-Lyne, Lancashire OL6 9RW, UK; University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
authors.forename: Janice V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Mascarenhas
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, Hampshire SO16 6YD, UK.
authors.forename: Mostafa A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Albayati
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, Hampshire SO16 6YD, UK.
authors.forename: Clifford P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Shearman
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Tameside Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Fountain Street, Ashton-Under-Lyne, Lancashire OL6 9RW, UK; University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK. Electronic address: edward.jude@tgh.nhs.uk.
authors.forename: Edward B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Jude
mesh_terms: D015897:Comorbidity; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D058729:Peripheral Arterial Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy
keywords: Ankle brachial pressure index; Critical limb ischemia; Endothelial dysfunction; Intermittent claudication