title: High-throughput impedance spectroscopy biosensor array chip.
abstract: Impedance spectroscopy is a powerful tool for characterizing materials that exhibit a frequency dependent behaviour to an applied electric field. This paper introduces a fully integrated multi-channel impedance extraction circuit that can both generate AC stimulus signals over a broad frequency range and also measure and digitize the real and imaginary components of the impedance response. The circuit was fabricated in a 0.5 μm complementary metal-oxide semiconductor. Tailored for cellular membrane interface characterization, the signal generator produces sinusoidal waves from 10 mHz to 10 kHz. To suit a variety of applications, the impedance extraction circuit provides a programmable current measurement range from 100 pA to 100 nA with a measured resolution of approximately 100 fA. Occupying only 0.045 mm(2) per measurement channel, the circuit is compact enough to include nearly 200 channels in a 3×3 mm(2) die area.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, , East Lansing, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Xiaowen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Mason
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry; D017097:Electric Impedance; D004563:Electrochemistry / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D008051:Lipid Bilayers / Q000737:chemistry*; D008670:Metals / Q000737:chemistry; D046208:Microchip Analytical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009991:Oscillometry / Q000379:methods; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry; D012666:Semiconductors; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D013057:Spectrum Analysis / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D008051:Lipid Bilayers; D008670:Metals; D010087:Oxides; D004247:DNA
keywords: biosensor array; complementary metal-oxide semiconductor; frequency synthesizer; impedance spectroscopy