title: The impact of chronic kidney disease on lipid management and goal attainment in patients with atherosclerosis diseases in Taiwan.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a very high risk cardiovascular disease population and should be treated aggressively. We investigated lipid management in CKD patients with atherosclerosis in Taiwan.
  
  
  METHODS
  3057 patients were enrolled in a multi-center study (T-SPARCLE). Lipid goal are defined as total cholesterol (TC) < 160mg/dl, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) <100 mg/dl, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) > 40 mg/dl in men, HDL > 50 mg/dl in women, non-HDL cholesterol < 130mg/dl, and triglyceride < 150 mg/dl.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with those without CKD (n=2239), patients with CKD (n=818) had more co-morbidities (hypertension, glucose intolerance, stroke and heart failure) and lower HDL but higher triglyceride levels. Overall 2168 (70.5%) patients received lipid-lowering agents. There was similar equivalent statin potency between CKD and non-CKD groups. The goal attainment is lower in HDL and TG in the CKD group as compared with non-CKD subjects (47.1 vs. 51.9% and 63.2 vs. 68.9% respectively, both p < 0.02). Analysis of sex and CKD interaction on goals attainment showed female CKD subjects had lower non-HDL and TG goals attainment compared with non-CKD males (both p < 0.019).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although presenting with more comorbidities, the CKD population had suboptimal lipid goal attainment rate as compared with the non-CKD population. Further efforts may be required for better lipid control especially on the female CKD subjects.
authors.affiliation: 1. Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine; Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; ; 2. Faculty of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;
authors.forename: Tsung-Hsien
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: 3. National Health Research Institute, Chunan, and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan;
authors.forename: Shao-Yuan
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.affiliation: 1. Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine; Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;
authors.forename: Chun-Yuan
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.affiliation: 1. Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine; Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;
authors.forename: Wen-Hsien
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: 1. Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine; Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; ; 2. Faculty of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;
authors.forename: Po-Chao
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: 1. Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine; Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; ; 2. Faculty of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;
authors.forename: Ho-Ming
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: 4. Division of Cardiology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan;
authors.forename: Yi-Heng
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: 5. Division of Cardiology, Tainan Municipal Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan;
authors.forename: Ching-Chang
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: 6. Division of Cardiology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan;
authors.forename: Kuo-Yang
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: 7. Division of Cardiology, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;
authors.forename: Wei-Kung
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.affiliation: 8. Division of Cardiology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan;
authors.forename: Ai-Hsien
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: 9. Faculty of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan;
authors.forename: Kwo-Chang
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Ueng
authors.affiliation: 10. Division of Cardiology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan;
authors.forename: I-Chang
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.affiliation: 11. Division of Cardiology, Taipei City Hospital Heping Fuyou Branch, Taipei, Taiwan;
authors.forename: Lien-Chi
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: 12. Division of Cardiology, Taipei City Hospital Renai Branch, Taipei, Taiwan;
authors.forename: Chiun-Hsiung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: 3. National Health Research Institute, Chunan, and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan;
authors.forename: Wen-Harn
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: 13. Department of Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan;
authors.forename: Hung-I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.affiliation: 14. Department of Primary Care Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan;
authors.forename: Chau-Chung
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: 15. Division of Cardiology, Heart Centre, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan;
authors.forename: Wei-Hsian
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: 16. Division of Cardiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, and Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jaw-Wen
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D013624:Taiwan; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides
keywords: atherosclerosis.; chronic kidney disease; goal; lipid