title: Enhanced neural cell adhesion and neurite outgrowth on graphene-based biomimetic substrates.
abstract: Neural cell adhesion and neurite outgrowth were examined on graphene-based biomimetic substrates. The biocompatibility of carbon nanomaterials such as graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), that is, single-walled and multiwalled CNTs, against pheochromocytoma-derived PC-12 neural cells was also evaluated by quantifying metabolic activity (with WST-8 assay), intracellular oxidative stress (with ROS assay), and membrane integrity (with LDH assay). Graphene films were grown by using chemical vapor deposition and were then coated onto glass coverslips by using the scooping method. Graphene sheets were patterned on SiO2/Si substrates by using photolithography and were then covered with serum for a neural cell culture. Both types of CNTs induced significant dose-dependent decreases in the viability of PC-12 cells, whereas graphene exerted adverse effects on the neural cells just at over 62.5 ppm. This result implies that graphene and CNTs, even though they were the same carbon-based nanomaterials, show differential influences on neural cells. Furthermore, graphene-coated or graphene-patterned substrates were shown to substantially enhance the adhesion and neurite outgrowth of PC-12 cells. These results suggest that graphene-based substrates as biomimetic cues have good biocompatibility as well as a unique surface property that can enhance the neural cells, which would open up enormous opportunities in neural regeneration and nanomedicine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea ; Education Program for Samsung Advanced Integrated Circuit, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Suck Won
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7291-1020
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jong Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seok Hee
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Education Program for Samsung Advanced Integrated Circuit, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Young
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Department of Maxillofacial Biomedical Engineering, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yu-Shik
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Cellbiocontrol Laboratory, Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Mi Hee
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dong-Wook
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8314-1981
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Cellbiocontrol Laboratory, Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jong-Chul
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D040761:Biomimetic Materials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D006108:Graphite / Q000494:pharmacology*; D042541:Intracellular Space / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000648:ultrastructure; D016501:Neurites / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D016716:PC12 Cells; D051381:Rats; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D006108:Graphite; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase