title: High urine IP-10 levels associate with chronic HCV infection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Independent of IL-28B polymorphisms, blood IP-10 is a promising biomarker for predicting therapy response in chronic HCV infection. Urine IP-10 has been proposed as a biomarker in tuberculosis, but to date, no urine biomarkers for HCV infection have been evaluated. In this cross-sectional study, we assessed whether IP-10 is detectable in the urine of chronically HCV-infected patients, and if so, whether urine IP-10 correlates with serum IP-10 and HCV-specific clinical parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  IP-10 was measured by ELISA in serum and urine concomitantly taken from 38 HCV-viremic patients, 10 cured-HCV subjects and 11 healthy donors enrolled as controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The urine of HCV-viremic patients showed measurable amounts of IP-10, although significantly lower than in serum (p < 0.0001). Urine IP-10 was normalized with creatinuria levels and we found that the urine IP-10/creatinuria ratio was significantly higher in HCV-viremic patients than in cured-HCV subjects (p = 0.002) and healthy donors (p = 0.008), and that it significantly correlated with transaminases (p = 0.01), although the correlation was low. Similarly, the serum IP-10 level significantly associated with HCV-viremic patients (p < 0.0001) and correlated with transaminases (p < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For the first time to our knowledge, we show that IP-10 is detected and increased in the urine of HCV-viremic patients compared to healthy donors and cured-HCV subjects.
authors.affiliation: Translational Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, "L. Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases (INMI), IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Petrone
authors.affiliation: Translational Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, "L. Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases (INMI), IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chiacchio
authors.affiliation: Translational Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, "L. Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases (INMI), IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vanini
authors.affiliation: Translational Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, "L. Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases (INMI), IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Petruccioli
authors.affiliation: Translational Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, "L. Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases (INMI), IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Gilda
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cuzzi
authors.affiliation: Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology Laboratory, INMI, Italy.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Di Giacomo
authors.affiliation: Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology Laboratory, INMI, Italy.
authors.forename: Luigia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pucci
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Hepatology Unit, POIT Department, INMI, Italy.
authors.forename: Marzia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Montalbano
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Hepatology Unit, POIT Department, INMI, Italy.
authors.forename: Raffaella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lionetti
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Hepatology Unit, POIT Department, INMI, Italy.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Testa
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, INMI, Italy.
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lapa
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, INMI, Italy.
authors.forename: Assunta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Navarra
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Hepatology Unit, POIT Department, INMI, Italy.
authors.forename: Ubaldo
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Visco-Comandini
authors.affiliation: Translational Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, "L. Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases (INMI), IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy. Electronic address: delia.goletti@inmi.it.
authors.forename: Delia
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Goletti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine*; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10 / Q000652:urine*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D044967:Serum / Q000737:chemistry; D014556:Urine / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C114753:CXCL10 protein, human; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10
keywords: Biomarkers; Cured-HCV subjects; HCV; IP-10; SVR; Serum; Urine; pnALT