title: Organ damage and hepatic lipid accumulation in carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) after feed-borne exposure to the mycotoxin, deoxynivalenol (DON).
abstract: Deoxynivalenol (DON) frequently contaminates animal feed, including fish feed used in aquaculture. This study intends to further investigate the effects of DON on carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) at concentrations representative for commercial fish feeds. Experimental feeding with 352, 619 or 953 μg DON kg(-1) feed resulted in unaltered growth performance of fish during six weeks of experimentation, but increased lipid peroxidation was observed in liver, head kidney and spleen after feeding of fish with the highest DON concentration. These effects of DON were mostly reversible by two weeks of feeding the uncontaminated control diet. Histopathological scoring revealed increased liver damage in DON-treated fish, which persisted even after the recovery phase. At the highest DON concentration, significantly more fat, and consequently, increased energy content, was found in whole fish body homogenates. This suggests that DON affects nutrient metabolism in carp. Changes of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in kidneys and muscle and high lactate levels in serum indicate an effect of DON on anaerobic metabolism. Serum albumin was reduced by feeding the medium and a high dosage of DON, probably due to the ribotoxic action of DON. Thus, the present study provides evidence of the effects of DON on liver function and metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Man-Society-Environment, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Vesalgasse 1, Basel CH-4051, Switzerland. pietsch.constanze@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Constanze
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pietsch
authors.affiliation: GMA Society/Association for Marine Aquaculture Ltd., Hafentörn 3, Büsum D-25761, Germany. cschulz@tierzucht.uni-kiel.de.
authors.forename: Carsten
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schulz
authors.affiliation: Forest Sciences Centre of Catalonia (CTFC), Pujada del Seminari s/n, Solsona E-25280, Spain. pere.rovira@ctfc.es.
authors.forename: Pere
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rovira
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecophysiology and Aquaculture, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Mueggelseedamm 310, Berlin D-12587, Germany. werner.kloas@igb-berlin.de.
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kloas
authors.affiliation: Man-Society-Environment, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Vesalgasse 1, Basel CH-4051, Switzerland. patricia.holm@unibas.ch.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Burkhardt-Holm
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002347:Carps / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D004032:Diet; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D007064:L-Iditol 2-Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D009132:Muscles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D029941:Fish Proteins; D014255:Trichothecenes; D019344:Lactic Acid; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D007064:L-Iditol 2-Dehydrogenase; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D005947:Glucose; C007262:deoxynivalenol