title: Immunohistochemical correlation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-2 in tobacco associated epithelial dysplasia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the immunohistochemical expression of matrix metalloproteinase and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase-2 in different histological grades of tobacco associated epithelial dysplasia and correlate the association between these proteases. Potentially malignant oral disorders (PMODs) progressing to oral cancer are related to the severity of epithelial dysplasia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective immunohistochemical study was carried out on 30 clinically and histologically proven cases of leukoplakia with dysplasia and 10 cases of normal buccal mucosa using anti-MMP-2 and anti-TIMP-2 monoclonal antibodies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mann Whitney U test, for comparing the expression of both MMP-2 and TIMP-2 in normal mucosa with dysplasia, was highly significant (P < 0.001). Kruskal-Wallis test to compare the median score of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 in different grades of dysplasia showed statistical significance (P < 0.001), and a Spearman's correlation between MMP-2 and TIMP-2 through different grades of dysplasia and cells observed showed positive correlation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Concomitant increase in the expression of both MMP-2 and TIMP-2 suggested that the activation of MMP-2 is dependent on TIMP-2 acting as a cofactor. Changes in TIMP-2 levels are considered important because they directly affect the level of MMP-2 activity.
authors.affiliation: Manipal Education and Medical Group, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, India.
authors.forename: Dipshikha
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bajracharya
authors.affiliation: Manipal Education and Medical Group, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, India.
authors.forename: Bijayatha
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shrestha
authors.affiliation: Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, India.
authors.forename: Asha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kamath
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karntaka 576104, India.
authors.forename: Aparna
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-3029-4161
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Menon
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karntaka 576104, India.
authors.forename: Raghu
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0088-4777
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Radhakrishnan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007972:Leukoplakia, Oral / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C560823:TIMP2 protein, human; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2; C522361:MMP2 protein, human; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2