title: Cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities of Emex spinosa (L.) Campd. extract.
abstract: The current research was designed to evaluate the phytochemical contents, cytotoxic and antimicrobial activity of Emex spinosa extracts. The different plant extracts and Aloe-emodin glucoside were screened using the colorimetric MTT method (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazo-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl- tetrazolium bromide) assay to test their in vitro cytotoxic activity against HepG2, MCF-7, Caco-2 and HCT. The clinically used anticancer drug doxorubicin was used as standard for comparative purposes. Anthraquinones (Aloe-emodin-O-glucoside, Emodin and nataloin (1, 2, 8-trihydroxy, 6-methyl, 10-anthrone-C-glucoside) together with β-sistosterol and β-sitisterol-O-β-D-glucoside were isolated from Emex spinosa. Aloe-emodin glucoside together with four fractions from this plant were evaluated for their anticancer and antimicrobial activities. Aloe-emodin glucoside showed anticancer activity against HCT, HepG-2, MCF-7 and Caco-2 cell lines. The total ethanol extract of E. spinosa and diethyl ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and butanol fractions shown antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and Bacillus subtilis.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Salman Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, KSA / Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Department, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Abd-El-Raheim Mohammed
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Donia
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology Department, College of Pharmacy, Salman Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, KSA / Pharmacology Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
authors.forename: Gamal Abd-El-Hakim
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Soliman
authors.affiliation: College of Medical and Applied Sciences, Salman Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, KSA.
authors.forename: Mohamed Abd-El-Monem
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: El-Sakhawy
authors.affiliation: Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Salman Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, KSA.
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yusufoglu
authors.affiliation: Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Salman Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, KSA / Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ahmed Mohamed
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Zaghloul
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004396:Coloring Agents; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D004534:Egypt; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D019664:Polygonaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D004396:Coloring Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; C022616:thiazolyl blue