title: Leaving tissue associated with infrequent intracranial EEG seizure onsets is compatible with post-operative seizure freedom.
abstract: Identify seizure onset electrodes that need to be resected for seizure freedom in children undergoing intracranial electroencephalography recording for treatment of medically refractory epilepsy. All children undergoing intracranial electroencephalography subdural grid electrode placement at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia from 2002-2008 were asked to enroll. We utilized intraoperative pictures to determine the location of the electrodes and define the resection cavity. A total of 15 patients had surgical fields that allowed for complete identification of the electrodes over the area of resection. Eight of 15 patients were seizure free after a follow up of 1.7 to 8 yr. Only one seizure-free patient had complete resection of all seizure onset associated tissue. Seizure free patients had resection of 64.1% of the seizure onset electrode associated tissue, compared to 35.2% in the not seizure free patients (p=0.05). Resection of tissue associated with infrequent seizure onsets did not appear to be important for seizure freedom. Resecting ≥ 90% of the electrodes from the predominant seizure contacts predicted post-operative seizure freedom (p=0.007). The best predictor of seizure freedom was resecting ≥ 90% of tissue involved in majority of a patient's seizures. Resection of tissue under infrequent seizure onset electrodes was not necessary for seizure freedom.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The Pearlman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Cyrus
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The Pearlman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA ; Department of Neurology, The Pearlman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Eric D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Marsh
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The Pearlman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Daniela M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Ziskind
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The Pearlman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Juanita M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Celix
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The Pearlman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Bradley
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Peltzer
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The Pearlman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Merritt W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, The Pearlman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Phillip B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Storm
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The Pearlman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Litt
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The Pearlman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA ; Department of Neurology, The Pearlman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Brenda E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Porter
keywords: Epilepsy; cortical dysplasia; epilepsy surgery; intracranial electroencephalography; neocortical epilepsy