title: Effects of phonological awareness and naming speed on mathematics skills in children with mild intellectual disabilities.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Both phonological awareness (PA) and naming speed have been identified as two skills related to the development of mathematics skills for children with and without learning disabilities. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationships between PA and colour naming speed for 265 elementary school students with mild intellectual disabilities (MID).
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were assessed using the Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processes and the KeyMath Revised Diagnostic Inventory of Essential Mathematics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hierarchical regression analyses accounting for the effects of age indicated that children with MID rely on both PA and naming speed when solving mathematics problems, although PA was the more robust indicator of the two.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As a whole, these results suggest that children with intellectual disabilities evidence the same types of reading and math relationships as shown for other populations of children.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychology and.
authors.forename: Matthew E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychology and.
authors.forename: Rose A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Sevcik
authors.affiliation: b Department of Communication , Georgia State University , Atlanta , GA , USA.
authors.forename: Maryann
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Romski
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychology and.
authors.forename: Robin D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Morris
mesh_terms: D001364:Awareness; D002648:Child; D004495:Education of Persons with Intellectual Disabilities; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007804:Language Development; D008297:Male; D008433:Mathematics; D011932:Reading
keywords: Mathematics achievement; mild intellectual disabilities; naming speed; phonological awareness