title: Transplantation of olfactory ensheathing cells promotes the recovery of neurological functions in rats with traumatic brain injury associated with downregulation of Bad.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The neuroprotective effects of olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) after transplantation have largely been known in the injured nervous system. However, the underlying mechanisms still must be further elucidated. We explored the effects of OEC transplantation on the recovery of neurophysiologic function and the related anti-apoptosis mechanism in acute traumatic brain injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  The OECs from neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats were isolated, identified and labeled and then were immediately transplanted into the regions surrounding the injured brain site that is resulted from free-weight drop injury.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nerve growth factor and it's recepor, p75 was expressed in cultured OECs. Transplanted OECs survived, migrated around the injury site and significantly improved the neurological severe scores compared with the control group (P < 0.05). OEC transplantation significantly increased the number of GAP-43-immunopositive fibers and synaptophysin-positive vesicles (P < 0.05) but significantly decreased the number of apoptotic cells (P < 0.05). On the molecular level, the expression of Bad in the OEC transplantation group was significantly downregulated (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  OEC transplantation could effectively improve neurological deficits in TBI rats; the underlying mechanism may be related with their effects on neuroprotection and regeneration induction, which is associated with the downregulation of the apoptotic molecule Bad.
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology, Embryology and Neurobiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: You-Cui
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neurobiological Disease, Translational Neuroscience Center and the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Qing-Jie
authors.initials: QJ
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
authors.forename: Ying-Chun
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Ba
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
authors.forename: Ting-Yong
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: LiN
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neurobiological Disease, Translational Neuroscience Center and the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neurobiological Disease, Translational Neuroscience Center and the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Fei-Fei
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Shang
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
authors.forename: Xin-Fu
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology, Embryology and Neurobiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Institute of Neurobiological Disease, Translational Neuroscience Center and the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
authors.forename: Ting-Hua
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China. Electronic address: fxm2j2004@163.com.
authors.forename: Xue-Mei
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology, Embryology and Neurobiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. Electronic address: jgqi@scu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jian-Guo
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Qi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D017690:Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D009416:Nerve Regeneration; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000473:pathology; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D009830:Olfactory Bulb / Q000166:cytology / Q000637:transplantation*; D051381:Rats; D051025:bcl-Associated Death Protein / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: C494821:Bad protein, rat; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D051025:bcl-Associated Death Protein
keywords: behavior; olfactory ensheathing cells; rats; transplantation; traumatic brain injury