title: Analysis of arson fire debris by low temperature dynamic headspace adsorption porous layer open tubular columns.
abstract: In this paper we present results of the application of PLOT-cryoadsorption (PLOT-cryo) to the analysis of ignitable liquids in fire debris. We tested ignitable liquids, broadly divided into fuels and solvents (although the majority of the results presented here were obtained with gasoline and diesel fuel) on three substrates: Douglas fir, oak plywood and Nylon carpet. We determined that PLOT-cryo allows the analyst to distinguish all of the ignitable liquids tested by use of a very rapid sampling protocol, and performs better (more recovered components, higher efficiency, lower elution solvent volumes) than a conventional purge and trap method. We also tested the effect of latency (the time period between applying the ignitable liquid and ignition), and we tested a variety of sampling times and a variety of PLOT capillary lengths. Reliable results can be obtained with sampling time periods as short as 3min, and on PLOT capillaries as short as 20cm. The variability of separate samples was also assessed, a study made possible by the high throughput nature of the PLOT-cryo method. We also determined that the method performs better than the conventional carbon strip method that is commonly used in fire debris analysis.
authors.affiliation: Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Jessica E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Nichols
authors.affiliation: Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Megan E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Harries
authors.affiliation: Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Tara M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Lovestead
authors.affiliation: Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA. Electronic address: bruno@boulder.nist.gov.
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Bruno
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D003080:Cold Temperature; D005390:Fires; D005391:Firesetting Behavior; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D005742:Gasoline / Q000032:analysis; D016062:Porosity; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D014866:Waste Products / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D005742:Gasoline; D012997:Solvents; D014866:Waste Products
keywords: Fire debris analysis; Gas chromatography; Headspace analysis; Ignitable liquid; Mass spectrometry; PLOT-cryoadsorption