title: Radicular grooves of maxillary anterior teeth in a Turkish population: a cone-beam computed tomographic study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is limited data on the use of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scanning in examining radicular groove (RG). This study aims to investigate the presence of RG in maxillary anterior teeth in a Turkish Population using CBCT scanning and to correlate the findings with the tooth type, and patient's gender.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1969 CBCT images of maxillary anterior teeth obtained from 342 patients were included in the study. Patients' age and gender, the tooth type (central/lateral incisor, canine), and the presence/absence, bilateral/unilateral diversity, and type of RG were recorded. The RG type was categorized using Gu's classification. Statistical analysis was carried out to correlate the findings with tooth type, and gender using the χ(2) test (p=0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  RGs were detected in 4 (0.6%) central incisors, 15 (2.3%) lateral incisors, and 0 canines. The frequency of RGs in males was higher than in females. There were statistically significant differences among the different tooth types in terms of the presence of RGs (p<0.001). Statistical analysis also revealed a significant difference between the males and females in terms of the presence of RGs (p=0.003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of RGs was statistically higher in males than in females and in lateral incisors compared to central incisors. CBCT may be recommended as an effective diagnostic device to identify RGs.
authors.affiliation: Izmir Katip Celebi University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, İzmir, Turkey. Electronic address: hakan.arslan@ikc.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Hakan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Arslan
authors.affiliation: Izmir Katip Celebi University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, İzmir, Turkey. Electronic address: eliftarim@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Elif Tarim
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Ertas
authors.affiliation: Erciyes University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Kayseri 38039, Turkey. Electronic address: topcuogluhs@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Hüseyin Sinan
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Topçuoğlu
authors.affiliation: Erciyes University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Kayseri 38039, Turkey. Electronic address: ahmetercan@erciyes.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Ahmet Ercan
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Şekerci
authors.affiliation: Izmir Katip Celebi University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, İzmir, Turkey. Electronic address: meral.yircali.atici@ikc.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Meral Yırcalı
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Atici
authors.affiliation: Izmir Katip Celebi University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, İzmir, Turkey. Electronic address: dentisthuseyin@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Huseyin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ertas
authors.affiliation: Erciyes University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Kayseri 38039, Turkey. Electronic address: sezer@erciyes.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Sezer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Demirbuğa
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; D003481:Cuspid / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014421:Turkey
keywords: Anatomy; Cone-beam computed tomography; Maxillary central incisor; Maxillary lateral incisor; Radicular groove; Root variation