title: Neuropsychiatric manifestations and their outcomes in chronic hypocalcaemia.
abstract: Hypocalcaemia is an established cause of neurological and psychiatric disease with numerous clinical manifestations. The aim of the study was to determine the outcome of severe neuropsychiatric manifestations of chronic hypocalcaemia after correction of calcium levels. Clinical and laboratory data of 22 patients seen between 1999 and 2009 were retrospectively analysed. Calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, albumin and parathormone values were measured in all cases. All patients except infants under one year of age had computed tomography (CT) scans of the head. Most patients (n = 19; 86%) presented with generalised tonic clonic convulsions while three had seizures with psychiatric manifestations. Movement disorders were present in 4 patients and one had candida meningitis. Nineteen of the 22 patients had primary hypoparathyroidism of which one had associated mucocutaneous candidiasis. One had pseudohypoparathyroidism and two had vitamin D deficiency. All patients improved with calcitriol and calcium treatment. Twelve of the 14 patients with convulsions could be taken off anticonvulsants. Hemiballismus disappeared in one patient and choreiform movements disappeared in one patient and dystonia in two patients. Psychiatric manifestations improved but did not disappear in the three patients who had them. Adult patients with seizures or neuropsychiatric manifestations should have calcium levels checked. Seizure disorders due to chronic hypocalcaemia had excellent prognosis on correction of serum calcium levels. Movement disorders improved markedly. Psychiatric manifestations did not improve substantially on correction of serum calcium levels.
authors.affiliation: High Dependency Unit, West Bank Hospital, Howrah 711109.
authors.forename: Abhishek
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maiti
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, The Park Clinic, Kolkata 700 017.
authors.forename: Sudip
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chatterjee
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood*; D002648:Child; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006996:Hypocalcemia / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D015994:Incidence; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002118:Calcium