title: Pediatric extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy: multi-institutional results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy, auxiliary procedures and complications of pediatric extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) performed with electrohydraulic lithotripters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children with urolithiasis, aged between 0 and 15, were retrospectively evaluated. ESWL was performed by using two different electrohydraulic lithotripters, Elmed Multimed Classic (Elmed Medical Systems, Ankara, Turkey) and E-1000 (EMD Medical Systems, Ankara, Turkey), between January 2008 and December 2012 in four different referral centers in Turkey.
  
  
  RESULTS
  85.5% of patients were stone-free at 3 months. Further ESWL treatment was needed in 33.7% of the cases (one session, n = 55; two sessions, n = 15; three sessions, n = 13). Steinstrasse occurred in 10 patients but 8 of them cleared completely during the follow-up period. Urinary tract infection was detected in 3 (3.9%), fever in 3 (3.9%) and a small subcapsular hematoma in one (1.3%) patient, respectively. When the stones were divided into two groups as those with diameters &lt;10 mm and ≥10 mm, it was found that the stone-free rate was associated with stone diameter, and that the smaller diameters had higher but statistically insignificant stone-free rates (P = 0.196).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ESWL yields favorable results with low rates of complication and auxiliary procedures in selected pediatric patients.
authors.affiliation: Ankara Research and Training Hospital, Ankara, Altindağ - Turkey.
authors.forename: Berat Cem
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Özgür
authors.affiliation: Ankara Research and Training Hospital, Ankara, Altindağ - Turkey.
authors.forename: Lokman
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Irkilata
authors.affiliation: Ankara Research and Training Hospital, Ankara, Altindağ - Turkey.
authors.forename: Musa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ekici
authors.affiliation: Ankara Research and Training Hospital, Ankara, Altindağ - Turkey.
authors.forename: Mustafa Burak
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Hoşcan
authors.affiliation: Ankara Research and Training Hospital, Ankara, Altindağ - Turkey.
authors.forename: Haşmet
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sarici
authors.affiliation: Ankara Research and Training Hospital, Ankara, Altindağ - Turkey.
authors.forename: Cem Nedim
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Yücetürk
authors.affiliation: Ankara Research and Training Hospital, Ankara, Altindağ - Turkey.
authors.forename: Tolga
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Karakan
authors.affiliation: Ankara Research and Training Hospital, Ankara, Altindağ - Turkey.
authors.forename: Mustafa Kemal
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Atilla
authors.affiliation: Ankara Research and Training Hospital, Ankara, Altindağ - Turkey.
authors.forename: Ahmet Metin
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Hasçiçek
authors.affiliation: Ankara Research and Training Hospital, Ankara, Altindağ - Turkey.
authors.forename: Muzaffer
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eroglu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000628:therapy*; D008096:Lithotripsy; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014516:Ureteral Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*