title: Interactive MRI Segmentation with Controlled Active Vision.
abstract: Partitioning Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging (MRI) data into salient anatomic structures is a problem in medical imaging that has continued to elude fully automated solutions. Implicit functions are a common way to model the boundaries between structures and are amenable to control-theoretic methods. In this paper, the goal of enabling a human to obtain accurate segmentations in a short amount of time and with little effort is transformed into a control synthesis problem. Perturbing the state and dynamics of an implicit function's driving partial differential equation via the accumulated user inputs and an observer-like system leads to desirable closed-loop behavior. Using a Lyapunov control design, a balance is established between the influence of a data-driven gradient flow and the human's input over time. Automatic segmentation is thus smoothly coupled with interactivity. An application of the mathematical methods to orthopedic segmentation is shown, demonstrating the expected transient and steady state behavior of the implicit segmentation function and auxiliary observer.
authors.affiliation: All of the authors are with the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA. Allen Tannenbaum is also with the School of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Karasev
authors.affiliation: All of the authors are with the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA. Allen Tannenbaum is also with the School of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology.
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kolesov
authors.affiliation: All of the authors are with the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA. Allen Tannenbaum is also with the School of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology.
authors.forename: Karol
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chudy
authors.affiliation: All of the authors are with the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA. Allen Tannenbaum is also with the School of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology.
authors.forename: Grant
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Muller
authors.affiliation: All of the authors are with the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA. Allen Tannenbaum is also with the School of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xerogeanes
authors.affiliation: All of the authors are with the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA. Allen Tannenbaum is also with the School of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology.
authors.forename: Allen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tannenbaum