title: Intracellular Propionibacterium acnes infection in glandular epithelium and stromal macrophages of the prostate with or without cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent reports on Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) suggest that this bacterium is prevalent in the prostate, is associated with acute and chronic prostatic inflammation, and might have a role in prostate carcinogenesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  To evaluate the pathogenic role of this indigenous bacterium, we screened for the bacterium in radical prostatectomy specimens using enzyme immunohistochemistry with a novel P. acnes-specific monoclonal antibody (PAL antibody), together with an anti-nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) antibody. We examined formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue sections of radical prostatectomy specimens from 28 patients with prostate cancer and 18 age-matched control patients with bladder cancer, but without prostate cancer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immunohistochemistry with the PAL antibody revealed small round bodies within some non-cancerous glandular epithelium and stromal macrophages in most prostate samples. Prostate cancer samples had higher frequencies of either cytoplasmic P. acnes or nuclear NF-κB expression of glandular epithelium and higher numbers of stromal macrophages with P. acnes than control samples. These parameters were also higher in the peripheral zone than in the transitional zone of the prostate, especially in prostate cancer samples. Nuclear NF-κB expression was more frequent in glands with P. acnes than in glands without P. acnes. The number of stromal macrophages with the bacterium correlated with the grade of chronic inflammation in both the PZ and TZ areas and with the grade of acute inflammation in the TZ area.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Immunohistochemical analysis with a novel monoclonal antibody for detecting P. acnes in the prostate suggested that intraepithelial P. acnes infection in non-cancerous prostate glands and inflammation caused by the bacterium may contribute to the development of prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tadatsune
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iida
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgical Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgical Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sekine
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgical Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Yokohama City Minato Red Cross Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Jiro
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kumagai
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Promotion, National Institute of Public Health, Wako, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawachi
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgical Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan ; Division of Surgical Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshinobu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Eishi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000737:chemistry; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D016908:Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008264:Macrophages / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D011425:Propionibacterium acnes / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D011467:Prostate / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D016328:NF-kappa B