title: Direct electrical stimulation of the optic radiation in patients with covered eyes.
abstract: Direct electrical stimulation (DES) of the optic radiation (OR) during an awake tumor resection has been repeatedly reported. In all cases, visual function monitoring was performed in patients with open eyes which were looking at a picture. We report a new modification of the standard method, OR stimulation in patient with closed and covered eyes. To the best of our knowledge, this method was not presented before. According to our first experience, this methodology may be in some cases a potentially more sensitive form of neuromonitoring than the OR stimulation in patients with open eyes, as the phosphenes elicited by DES may be more distinct in patients with covered eyes. The technique is discussed, and a literature review on intraoperative identification of the OR is presented as well. However, a future prospective study is needed to confirm the relevance of our finding.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Comenius University, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Bratislava, 833 05, Bratislava, Slovakia, andrej.steno@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Andrej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Steňo
authors.forename: Vladimír
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hollý
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fabian
authors.forename: Matúš
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuniak
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Timárová
authors.forename: Juraj
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Steňo
mesh_terms: D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005260:Female; D005910:Glioma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000379:methods; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D055815:Young Adult