title: Intrathecal delivery of analgesics.
abstract: Targeted intrathecal (IT) drug delivery systems (IDDS) are an option in algorithms for the treatment of patients with moderate to severe chronic refractory pain when more conservative options fail. This therapy is well established and supported by several publications. It has shown efficacy and is an important tool for the treatment of spasticity, and both cancer and nonmalignant pain. Recent technological advances, new therapeutic applications, reported complications, and the costs as well as maintenance required for this therapy require the need to stay up-to-date about new recommendations that may improve outcomes. This chapter reviews all technological issues regarding IDDS implantation with follow-up, and pharmacological recommendations published during recent years that provide evidence-based decision making process in the management of chronic pain and spasticity in patients.
authors.affiliation: Multidisciplinary Pain Management Department, Valencia University General Hospital, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: De Andres
authors.forename: Juan Marcos
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Asensio-Samper
authors.forename: Gustavo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fabregat-Cid
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001418:Baclofen / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D003000:Clonidine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D015918:Infusion Pumps, Implantable; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D013131:Spine / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D020960:omega-Conotoxins / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D020960:omega-Conotoxins; C078452:ziconotide; D001418:Baclofen; D003000:Clonidine; D002045:Bupivacaine