title: In vivo changes in plasma coenzyme Q10, carotenoid, tocopherol, and retinol levels in children after computer tomography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Low dose X-irradiation (IR) from computer tomography (CT) can generate free radicals, which can damage biologically relevant molecules and ultimately lead to cancer. These effects are especially concerning for children owing to their higher radiosensitivity and longer life expectancy than adults. The lipid phase micronutrients (LPM) coenzyme Q10, carotenoids, E vitamers, and vitamin A are potent radical scavengers that can act as intracellular antioxidants.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated changes in circulating levels of these LPM in 17 children (0.25-6 y) undergoing medically indicated CT scans involving relatively low IR doses. Blood was drawn before and 1h after CT scans and analyzed using HPLC with electrochemical and UV/VIS detection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found significant decreases (p<0.05) in post-CT plasma levels in several LPM which suggests that these LPM can serve as biodosimeters and may protect against damage from IR during clinical procedures such as CT. The strongest predictors for pre- to post-CT changes for many LPM were their baseline levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Future larger studies are warranted to confirm our findings and to test whether high circulating antioxidant levels protect against IR damage in vivo with an ultimate goal of establishing prophylactic modalities for CT-induced IR damage.
authors.affiliation: University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, United States. Electronic address: hhalm@cc.hawaii.edu.
authors.forename: Brunhild M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Halm
authors.affiliation: University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, United States.
authors.forename: Jennifer F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, United States.
authors.forename: Cynthia M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.affiliation: University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, United States.
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pagano
authors.affiliation: University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, United States.
authors.forename: Laurie J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Custer
authors.affiliation: University of Hawai'i, Department of Public Health Sciences and Epidemiology, Honolulu, HI, United States.
authors.forename: Robert V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Cooney
authors.affiliation: University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, United States. Electronic address: adrian@cc.hawaii.edu.
authors.forename: Adrian A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Franke
mesh_terms: D002338:Carotenoids / Q000097:blood*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D024505:Tocopherols / Q000097:blood*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014451:Ubiquinone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000097:blood*; D014815:Vitamins / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D014815:Vitamins; D014801:Vitamin A; D014451:Ubiquinone; D002338:Carotenoids; C024989:coenzyme Q10; D024505:Tocopherols
keywords: Carotenoids; Children; Coenzyme Q10; Computer tomography; Retinol; Tocopherols