title: New integrated strategy emphasizing infection source control to curb Schistosomiasis japonica in a marshland area of Hubei Province, China: findings from an eight-year longitudinal survey.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Schistosomiasis remains a major public health problem in China. The major endemic foci are the lake and marshland regions of southern China, particularly the regions along the middle and lower reach of the Yangtze River in four provinces (Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, and Anhui). The purpose of our study is to assess the effect of a new integrated strategy emphasizing infection source control to curb schistosomiasis in marshland regions.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a longitudinal study, we implemented an integrated control strategy emphasizing infection source control in 16 villages from 2005 through 2012 in marshland regions of Hubei province. The interventions included removing cattle from snail-infested grasslands, providing farmers with mechanized farm equipment, improving sanitation by supplying tap water, building lavatories and latrines, praziquantel chemotherapy, controlling snails, and environmental modification.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Following the integrated control strategy designed to reduce the role of bovines and humans as sources of Schistosoma japonicum infection, the prevalence of human S. japonicum infection declined from 1.7% in 2005 to 0.4% in 2012 (P<0.001). Reductions were also observed in both sexes, across all age groups, and among high risk occupations. Moreover, the prevalence of bovine S. japonicum infection decreased from 11.7% in 2005 to 0.6% in 2012 (P<0.001). In addition, all the 16 villages achieved the national criteria of infection control in 2008.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings indicate that the integrated strategy was likely effective in controlling the transmission of S. japonicum in marshland regions in China.
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China ; Hubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Yan-Yan
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Hubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Jian-Bing
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Hubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Xi-Bao
authors.initials: XB
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Hubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Shun-Xiang
authors.initials: SX
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Hubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Zheng-Ming
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Ping
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Miao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D012549:Schistosoma japonicum / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D012554:Schistosomiasis japonica / Q000453:epidemiology*