title: Environmental arsenic exposure and microbiota in induced sputum.
abstract: Arsenic exposure from drinking water is associated with adverse respiratory outcomes, but it is unknown whether arsenic affects pulmonary microbiota. This exploratory study assessed the effect of exposure to arsenic in drinking water on bacterial diversity in the respiratory tract of non-smokers. Induced sputum was collected from 10 subjects with moderate mean household water arsenic concentration (21.1 ± 6.4 ppb) and 10 subjects with low household water arsenic (2.4 ± 0.8 ppb). To assess microbiota in sputum, the V6 hypervariable region amplicons of bacterial 16s rRNA genes were sequenced using the Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine. Microbial community differences between arsenic exposure groups were evaluated using QIIME and Metastats. A total of 3,920,441 sequence reads, ranging from 37,935 to 508,787 per sample for 316 chips after QIIME quality filtering, were taxonomically classified into 142 individual genera and five phyla. Firmicutes (22%), Proteobacteria (17%) and Bacteriodetes (12%) were the main phyla in all samples, with Neisseriaceae (15%), Prevotellaceae (12%) and Veillonellacea (7%) being most common at the genus level. Some genera, including Gemella, Lactobacillales, Streptococcus, Neisseria and Pasteurellaceae were elevated in the moderate arsenic exposure group, while Rothia, Prevotella, Prevotellaceae Fusobacterium and Neisseriaceae were decreased, although none of these differences was statistically significant. Future studies with more participants and a greater range of arsenic exposure are needed to further elucidate the effects of drinking water arsenic consumption on respiratory microbiota.
authors.affiliation: Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson 85724, USA. gyson@email.arizona.edu.
authors.forename: Allison G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: White
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA. gwatts@email.arizona.edu.
authors.forename: George S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Watts
authors.affiliation: Statistical Consulting Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85712, USA. zlu@arizona.edu.
authors.forename: Zhenqiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Instituto Technologico de Sonora, Sonora 85000, Mexico. mmeza@itson.edu.mx.
authors.forename: Maria M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Meza-Montenegro
authors.affiliation: Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson 85724, USA. ealutz@email.arizona.edu.
authors.forename: Eric A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Lutz
authors.affiliation: Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson 85724, USA. pharber@email.arizona.edu.
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Harber
authors.affiliation: Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson 85724, USA. jburgess@email.arizona.edu.
authors.forename: Jefferey L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Burgess
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001151:Arsenic / Q000633:toxicity*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D060766:Drinking Water; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology*; D008297:Male; D064307:Microbiota / Q000187:drug effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D013183:Sputum / Q000382:microbiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D060766:Drinking Water; D001151:Arsenic