title: Intracranial arterial fenestrations associated with arteriovenous malformations diagnosed by CT angiography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fenestrations involving aneurysms have been well documented. Only sporadic papers have been reported on fenestrations associated with AVMs (arteriovenous malformations) with few cases. Our study is to determine the rate of co-occurrence of fenestrations and AVMs and to analyze the possible relationship between them by CTA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 2006 and February 2012, the CTA data of 5,657 consecutive patients were retrospectively reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 12 cases (.21%) of fenestrations associated with AVMs were found. Of these, single-fenestrations were identified in 9 cases, and multifenestrations were found in 3 cases. Among 349 fenestrations, there were 15 cases of multifenestrations. The frequency of multifenestrations among fenestrated patients without AVMs was 3.6%. There was no significant difference in the incidence of AVMs in cases with and without fenestrations (3.4% and 2.7%), and there was no significant difference in the incidence of fenestration in cases with and without AVMs (7.7% and 6.1%, χ(2) = .643, P = .423).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CTA may play a vital role in assessing the anomalies of co-occurring AVM and fenestration, with an incidence of .21%. The frequency of multifenestrations in fenestrated cases with AVMs was higher than those without AVMs, though there is no significant association between fenestrations and AVMs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China; Department of Radiology, the first affliated hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
authors.forename: Yun-Jun
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Ling-Yun
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Wei-Jian
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yu-Xin
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Dao-Ying
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Geng
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002533:Cerebral Angiography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002536:Cerebral Arteries / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002648:Child; D002681:China; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D002538:Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Fenestration; anatomic variation; angiography; arteriovenous malformation; computed tomography