title: Formulated extract from multiple citrus peels impairs dendritic cell functions and attenuates allergic contact hypersensitivity.
abstract: It has been reported that gold lotion (GL), a formulated product made from the peels of six citrus fruits, has many pharmacological properties, such as anti-tumor, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, we investigated the immunomodulatory effect of GL on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated mouse bone marrow-derived DC maturation and function. Our experimental results have shown that GL significantly impaired the pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine secretion, suppressed the expression of major histocompatibility complex class I/II and costimulatory molecules (CD40, CD80 and CD86), increased phagocytic capacity, and reduced propensity to stimulate the autologous CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell proliferation of LPS-induced DCs. Furthermore, we found that oral administration of GL attenuated the 2,4-Dinitro-1-fluorobenzene induced contact hypersensitivity (CHS) in animal models. Subsequently, our molecular mechanism studies showed that GL interfered with LPS-induced MAPK-JNK, p38 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65. In an essence, these findings are the first report to provide new insight in the immunopharmacological role of GL in terms of its effects on DC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; Colleage of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huanggang Normal University, Hubei 438000, China.
authors.forename: Shiming
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Science, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Chin
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
authors.forename: Chi-Tang
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.affiliation: Transplant Medicine & Surgery Research Centre, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ping-Yi
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Miyauchi Citrus Research Center, Shigoka-Machi, Takasaki, Gunma 370-0845, Japan.
authors.forename: Michiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suzawa
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Science, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsin-Chieh
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institutes of Immunology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ching-Liang
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Science, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research and Education, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Der-Yuan
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Science, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research and Education, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan; Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan. Electronic address: lincc@dragon.nchu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Chi-Chen
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002957:Citrus; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D017449:Dermatitis, Allergic Contact / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D004139:Dinitrofluorobenzene; D005260:Female; D006241:Haptens; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D008517:Phytotherapy; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D006241:Haptens; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D028321:Plant Preparations; D004139:Dinitrofluorobenzene; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
keywords: Citrus; Contact hypersensitivity (CHS); Dendritic cells; Peels; T cells