title: Neurodevelopmental impairment in preterm infants with late-onset infection: not only in extremely preterm infants.
abstract: Late-onset infection is known to increase the risk of neurodevelopmental impairment in infants born extremely preterm. However, little data is available regarding infants born moderately preterm. The aim of this study was to determine whether late-onset infection in moderately preterm infants (<35 weeks of gestation) was associated with a non-optimal neurodevelopmental outcome at 2 years of age. We analyzed a regional, population-based cohort of infants (LIFT cohort) between January 2003 and December 2009, and we used a propensity score method to reduce bias. Among the 4,618 preterm infants assessed at 2 years, 618 had acquired late-onset infection (13.4 %), and 764 had a non-optimal outcome (16.5 %). The rate of non-optimal outcomes was significantly higher in preterm infants with late-onset infection, irrespective of subgroups of gestational age and birth weight Z-score. After adjusting for the propensity score, the relationship between late-onset infection and non-optimal neurodevelopmental outcome at 2 years among infants born before 35 weeks of gestation remained significant (aOR = 1.3; 95 % CI 1.01-1.7; p = .04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Late-onset infection is associated with poor neurological outcome at 2 years of age among infants born moderately preterm before and after adjustment for the propensity score.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatal Medicine, Hôpital Mère Enfant, CHU of Nantes, Boulevard Jean Monnet, 44093, Nantes, France.
authors.forename: Alexis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chenouard
authors.forename: Géraldine
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gascoin
authors.forename: Christèle
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gras-Le Guen
authors.forename: Yannis
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Montcho
authors.forename: Jean-Christophe
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Rozé
authors.forename: Cyril
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Flamant
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D001724:Birth Weight; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D062071:Infant, Extremely Premature; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D057216:Propensity Score; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents