title: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in adults: experience from the Middle East.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The literature reports conflicting results for survival after extracorporeal membrane oxygenator support, and survival differs in pediatric and adult patients. We present our institutional experience of adult extracorporeal membrane oxygenator support.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 2007 to December 2009, 19 adult patients required extracorporeal membrane oxygenator support after cardiac surgery or catheter interventions. It was provided on an emergency basis to 11 patients, urgently to 5, and electively to 3. Indications included post-cardiotomy cardiogenic shock, post-cardiotomy acute respiratory failure, emergency cardiac resuscitation, and post-percutaneous coronary intervention cardiogenic shock. The mean duration of support was 4 days (range, 1-11 days).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven (36.84%) patients could be weaned off extracorporeal membrane oxygenator support; one (14.28%) of them survived to hospital discharge and the other 6 (85.71%) died in hospital. Twelve (63.15%) patients could not be weaned off and died while still on extracorporeal membrane oxygenator support. Overall 30-day hospital mortality was 94.73%, and survival to discharge was 5.26%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our institutional experience of extracorporeal membrane oxygenator support for cardiac indications in adult patients indicates poor survival. It significantly increased costs by delaying imminent death and prolonging stay in the intensive care unit.
authors.affiliation: Department of Adult Cardiac Surgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sajjad
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Osman
authors.forename: Salah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mohsen
authors.forename: Mosleh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alanazi
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ugurlucan
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Canver
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000191:economics / Q000401:mortality; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004630:Emergencies; D015199:Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D017721:Hospital Costs; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010351:Patient Discharge; D062645:Percutaneous Coronary Intervention / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000191:economics / Q000401:mortality; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000191:economics / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012529:Saudi Arabia; D012770:Shock, Cardiogenic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000191:economics / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation; adult; cardiogenic; extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; life support care; respiratory distress syndrome; shock