title: Prognostic significance of simultaneous presence of histological and immunohistochemical metastasis to lymph nodes in patients with esophageal cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Presence of simultaneous pathological and immunohistochemical nodal metastasis (pNM and iNM, respectively) and/or other clinical factors may be reliable prognostic predictors of survival in esophageal cancer patients who have undergone multidisciplinary treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Univariate and multivariate analysis of the data collected from 77 patients who had undergone R0 esophagectomy was performed to determine the significance of presence of iNM or pNM, presence of simultaneous pNM, and other clinical factors as prognostic indicators in patients who had (n = 40) and had not (n = 37) undergone preoperative treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Presence of pNM was found to be a significant prognostic predictor in patients who had undergone preoperative treatment, presence of iNM in patients who had not undergone preoperative treatment, and presence of simultaneous pNM and iNM in both patient groups. Multivariate analysis indicated that the sole prognostic predictor for patients who had undergone preoperative treatment was presence of simultaneous pNM and iNM while that of patients who had not undergone preoperative treatment was clinical T category.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Assessment of simultaneous presence of pNM and iNM may facilitate highly accurate prediction of survival in esophageal cancer patients undergoing R0 esophagectomy, regardless of whether they have undergone preoperative treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive and General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kinjo
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shimoji
authors.forename: Masayoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagahama
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Karimata
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yoshimi
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishimaki
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D001706:Biopsy; D059186:Chemoradiotherapy, Adjuvant; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D016629:Esophagectomy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D061206:Neoplasm Micrometastasis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor