title: Japanese and American children's moral evaluations of reporting on transgressions.
abstract: American and Japanese children's evaluations of the reporting of peers' transgressions to authority figures were investigated. Seven-, 9-, and 11-year-old children (N = 160) and adults (N = 62) were presented with vignettes and were asked to evaluate the decisions of child observers who reported their friend's either major or relatively minor transgression to a teacher. The results showed that, in both countries, participants across all age groups considered it appropriate to report major transgressions. However, compared with older participants, the youngest children thought it was appropriate to tattle (i.e., to report more minor transgressions). The results also showed a cross-cultural difference: Japanese compared with American participants considered it appropriate to report minor transgressions. The age-related findings are discussed with reference to children's social experience and improving cognition. The cross-cultural findings are discussed with reference to potential differences in the emphases placed on respecting authority relationships, empathy, and social interdependence by the 2 cultures.
authors.affiliation: Dr. Eric Jackman Institute of Child Study, University of Toronto.
authors.forename: Ivy
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Chiu Loke
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego.
authors.forename: Gail D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Heyman
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Kyoto University.
authors.forename: Shoji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Itakura
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Tokyo.
authors.forename: Rie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Toriyama
authors.affiliation: Dr. Eric Jackman Institute of Child Study, University of Toronto.
authors.forename: Kang
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development; D003142:Communication; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D007600:Judgment; D008297:Male; D009014:Morals; D033262:Narration; D010379:Peer Group; D012919:Social Behavior; D012938:Social Perception; D014481:United States