title: Relationship between pore size and velocity probability distributions in stochastically generated porous media.
abstract: We perform a set of detailed numerical simulations of single-phase, fully saturated flow in stochastically generated, three-dimensional pore structures with diverse porosities (ϕ) and degrees of connectivity, and analyze the probability density functions (PDFs) of the pore sizes, S, and vertical velocity components, w, which are aligned with the mean flow direction. Both of the PDFs are markedly skewed with pronounced positive tails. This feature of the velocity PDF is dictated by the pore structure and determines the shortest travel times, one of the key transport attributes that underpins the success or the failure of environmental remediation techniques. Using a maximum likelihood approach, we determine that the PDFs of S and w decay according to an exponential and a stretched exponential model, respectively. A strong correlation between the key parameters governing the decay of the upper tails of the two PDFs is found, which provides a quantitative result for this analogy that so far has been stated only qualitatively. The parameter governing the concavity of the tail of the velocity PDF varies linearly with porosity over the entire range of tested values (0.2≤ϕ≤0.6). The parameters controlling the spread of the upper tails of the PDFs of S and w appear to be linked by a power-law relationship.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile e Ambientale, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. Da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Siena
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile e Ambientale, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. Da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy and Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Riva
authors.affiliation: Program in Applied Mathematics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, USA.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Hyman
authors.affiliation: Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, USA and Program in Applied Mathematics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, USA.
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Winter
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile e Ambientale, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. Da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy and Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guadagnini