title: Natural radioactivity in drinking underground waters in Upper Silesia and solid wastes produced during treatment.
abstract: Content of (226)Ra, (228)Ra and uranium isotopes in waters from subsurface aquifers was studied. The sampling points were chosen for having the elevated natural content of iron and manganese. Measurements of radium were made by LSC, while uranium was measured by alpha spectrometry. Waste sludge was measured by gamma spectrometry and three-stage BCR sequential extraction was performed. Radon activity concentration in the air at water treatment plants was determined and dose adsorbed by staff was calculated.
authors.affiliation: Silesian Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, Central Mining Institute, Pl. Gwarków 1, 40-166 Katowice, Poland. Electronic address: ichmielewska@gig.eu.
authors.forename: Izabela
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Chmielewska
authors.affiliation: Silesian Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, Central Mining Institute, Pl. Gwarków 1, 40-166 Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: Stanisław
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chałupnik
authors.affiliation: Silesian Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, Central Mining Institute, Pl. Gwarków 1, 40-166 Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bonczyk
mesh_terms: D000396:Air Pollutants, Radioactive / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D060587:Groundwater / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D011044:Poland; D011883:Radium / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D011886:Radon / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D012588:Scintillation Counting; D062611:Solid Waste / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D013051:Spectrometry, Gamma; D014501:Uranium / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D014875:Water Pollutants, Radioactive / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D018508:Water Purification; D014881:Water Supply / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000396:Air Pollutants, Radioactive; D062611:Solid Waste; D014875:Water Pollutants, Radioactive; D014501:Uranium; D011886:Radon; D011883:Radium
keywords: Annual effective dose; BCR procedure; Drinking waters; Solid waste materials