title: The emergence of systemic lupus erythematosus in hypothyroid patients: two case reports and mini review.
abstract: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multi-systemic autoimmune disease that involves almost all the organs in the human body and is characterized by auto antibodies formation. Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) are organ-specific diseases that are associated with a production of a variety of antibodies such as antinuclear antibodies, anti-double-stranded DNA, anti-Ro antibodies, anti-cardiolipin antibodies, and others. The diagnosis of AITD in patients with SLE is well known, but the reverse is rarely reported. We present two cases of adolescent girls in whom SLE evolved one year after being diagnosed with hypothyroidism.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University Children Hospital, Mansoura, Egypt.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bakr
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University Children Hospital, Mansoura, Egypt wafaalaimon@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Laimon
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University Children Hospital, Mansoura, Egypt.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: El-Ziny
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University Children Hospital, Mansoura, Egypt.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hammad
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University Children Hospital, Mansoura, Egypt.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: El-Hawary
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University Children Hospital, Mansoura, Egypt.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Elsharkawy
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University Children Hospital, Mansoura, Egypt.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: El-Refaey
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University Children Hospital, Mansoura, Egypt.
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Salem
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University Children Hospital, Mansoura, Egypt.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: El-Mougy
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University Children Hospital, Mansoura, Egypt.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Zedan
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University Children Hospital, Mansoura, Egypt.
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Aboelenin
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University Children Hospital, Mansoura, Egypt.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Eid
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University Children Hospital, Mansoura, Egypt.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sarhan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007037:Hypothyroidism / Q000150:complications*; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000209:etiology*
keywords: Systemic lupus erythematosus; anti-DNA antibodies; hypothyroidism; nephritis