title: A simple semi-preparative reversed-phase HPLC/PDA method for separation and quantification of glycyrrhizin in nine samples of Glycyrrhiza glabra root collected from different geographical origins.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (Fabaceae), commonly known as 'liquorice', is one of the most popular ingredients in several traditional herbal medicinal preparations, and glycyrrhizin is the major glycoside present in this plant. The content of glycyrrhizin may vary among G. glabra samples collected from various geographical origins, which may affect the therapeutic efficacy. Thus, quantification of glycyrrhizin in G. glabra samples is important.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To develop and validate a simple semi-preparative reversed-phase HPLC with photodiode array (PDA) method for separation and quantification of glycyrrhizin in nine samples of G. glabra root collected from various geographical origins.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dried and ground root of G. glabra was Soxhlet-extracted sequentially with n-hexane and methanol (MeOH). The separation and quantification of glycyrrhizin was achieved on a C18 reversed-phase semi-preparative column using a gradient mobile phase, 30-100% solvent B in solvent A in 30 min (solvent A: 0.1% v/v trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in water and solvent B: 0.1% v/v of TFA in MeOH), at a flow rate of 3.00 mL/min and UV detection at 254 nm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A simple semi-preparative reversed-phase HPLC/PDA method allowing clear separation and quantification of glycyrrhizin content in nine samples has been validated in terms of linearity, selectivity, limits of detection, precision, accuracy and detection. Concentration levels of glycyrrhizin were between 0.177 and 0.688% w/w of dry materials.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This method is precise, less time consuming and more cost effective, and can be used for the quality control of any G. glabra sample with regard to its glycyrrhizin contents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK.
authors.forename: Norazah
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Basar
authors.forename: Anupam D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Talukdar
authors.forename: Lutfun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nahar
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stafford
authors.forename: Habibjon
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kushiev
authors.forename: Asuman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kan
authors.forename: Satyajit D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Sarker
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003710:Demography; D006035:Glycyrrhiza / Q000737:chemistry*; D019695:Glycyrrhizic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D019695:Glycyrrhizic Acid
keywords: Glycyrrhiza glabra; HPLC/PDA; glycyrrhizin; liquorice; semi-preparative