title: Environment-responsive nanophores for therapy and treatment monitoring via molecular MRI quenching.
abstract: The effective delivery of therapeutics to disease sites significantly contributes to drug efficacy, toxicity and clearance. Here we demonstrate that clinically approved iron oxide nanoparticles (Ferumoxytol) can be utilized to carry one or multiple drugs. These so called 'nanophores' retain their cargo within their polymeric coating through weak electrostatic interactions and release it in slightly acidic conditions (pH 6.8 and below). The loading of drugs increases the nanophores' transverse T2 and longitudinal T1 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) proton relaxation times, which is proportional to amount of carried cargo. Chemotherapy with translational nanophores is more effective than the free drug in vitro and in vivo, without subjecting the drugs or the carrier nanoparticle to any chemical modification. Evaluation of cargo incorporation and payload levels in vitro and in vivo can be assessed via benchtop magnetic relaxometers, common NMR instruments or magnetic resonance imaging scanners.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA.
authors.forename: Charalambos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kaittanis
authors.affiliation: 1] Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA [2] Department of Chemistry, Hunter College of the City University of New York, Graduate Center, New York, New York 10065, USA.
authors.forename: Travis M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Shaffer
authors.affiliation: Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA.
authors.forename: Anuja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ogirala
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Pittsburg State University, 1701 S Broadway Street, Pittsburg, Kansas 66762, USA.
authors.forename: Santimukul
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Santra
authors.affiliation: NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, Florida 32826, USA.
authors.forename: J Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Perez
authors.affiliation: Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA.
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chiosis
authors.affiliation: Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA.
authors.forename: Yueming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Center for Advanced Medical Imaging Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Building 149, 13th Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA.
authors.forename: Lee
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Josephson
authors.affiliation: Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grimm
mesh_terms: D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide / Q000737:chemistry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide