title: Epileptiform Discharges and Frontal Paroxysmal EEG Abnormality Act as Predictive Marker for Subsequent Epilepsy in Children With Complex Febrile Seizures.
abstract: Using electroencephalography (EEG) for diagnosing subsequent epilepsy in children after febrile seizure (FS) is not common. The present study investigates the relationship between epileptiform discharges and subsequent epilepsy, and looks for the predictive marker for this disorder. A total of 378 children with complex FS and whose EEG showed epileptiform discharges or normal EEG were included. Development of FS was compared between those with epileptiform discharges and those with normal EEG. Risk factors were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression to clarify their effects on subsequent epilepsy. The association between generalized or focal EEG localization, and between frontal epileptiform discharges and subsequent epilepsy, were analyzed. Among 378 patients with complex FS, 51 showed epileptiform discharges. History of epilepsy, frontal seizure, number of FS, and prolonged seizure were the risk factors for epileptiform discharge. Subsequent epilepsy was significantly frequent in patients with more than 2 risk factors (odds ratio [OR] = 17; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.1-29.6). Prolonged seizure (OR = 4.98; 95% CI = 1.63-13.29), FS number (OR = 2.96; 95% CI = 1.23-10.51), and family history of epilepsy (OR = 2.67; 95% CI = 1.05-7.63) were significantly correlated with subsequent epilepsy. Of 9 patients with paroxysms in the frontal region, 8 (88.9%) developed epilepsy. There was concordance between frontal epileptiform discharges and subsequent epilepsy (κ = .901). In conclusion, epileptiform discharges are risk factors for subsequent epilepsy. Frontal paroxysmal EEG is a marker for subsequent epilepsy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Yong-Qin
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Kuang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China gujianwen1949@yeah.net.
authors.forename: Jian-Wen
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Hu-Tian
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Chun-Mei
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Ran
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Ling-Li
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Jing-Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Shi-Hua
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Dang
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006257:Head / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012307:Risk Factors; D003294:Seizures, Febrile / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: electroencephalography; epilepsy; epileptiform discharges; febrile seizure; frontal paroxysmal