title: Shared signaling systems in myeloid cell-mediated muscle regeneration.
abstract: Much of the focus in muscle regeneration has been placed on the identification and delivery of stem cells to promote regenerative capacity. As those efforts have advanced, we have learned that complex features of the microenvironment in which regeneration occurs can determine success or failure. The immune system is an important contributor to that complexity and can determine the extent to which muscle regeneration succeeds. Immune cells of the myeloid lineage play major regulatory roles in tissue regeneration through two general, inductive mechanisms: instructive mechanisms that act directly on muscle cells; and permissive mechanisms that act indirectly to influence regeneration by modulating angiogenesis and fibrosis. In this article, recent discoveries that identify inductive actions of specific populations of myeloid cells on muscle regeneration are presented, with an emphasis on how processes in muscle and myeloid cells are co-regulated.
authors.affiliation: Molecular, Cellular & Integrative Physiology Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606, USA.
authors.forename: James G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Tidball
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dorshkind
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wehling-Henricks
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019070:Cell Lineage; D016207:Cytokines / Q000502:physiology; D005355:Fibrosis; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000145:classification / Q000502:physiology; D008954:Models, Biological; D024510:Muscle Development / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply / Q000293:injuries / Q000502:physiology*; D022423:Myeloid Cells / Q000145:classification / Q000502:physiology*; D012038:Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines
keywords: Macrophage phenotype; Muscle regeneration; Signaling systems