title: Patient satisfaction and aesthetic outcome of implant-supported single-tooth replacements performed by dental students: a retrospective evaluation 8 to 12 years after treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess patient satisfaction and aesthetic treatment outcome of implant-supported singletooth replacements performed by dental students as part of their undergraduate curriculum 8 to 12 years after treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 51 patients were consecutively treated by dental students with 55 implant-supported single-tooth replacements within the incisor, canine and premolar regions. The surgical and prosthetic treatment was performed by the dental students under the supervision of dentists and oral and maxillofacial surgeons, all with specific knowledge about oral implantology. The outcome measures were patient subjective evaluation of peri-implant soft tissues, implant crown, implant function and total implant treatment using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The professional evaluation included the peri-implant soft tissues, implant crown and total implant treatment (combined scores, PES/WES) using the Pink Esthetic Score (PES) and the White Esthetic Score (WES), as well as the level of incisor edge/occlusal surface in relation to neighbouring teeth.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 42 patients with 46 implants were available for evaluation 8 to 12 years after treatment. The patients were in general satisfied with the treatment outcome and few patients had low VAS scores. Most implants were characterised by single scores of 1 or 2 resulting in a mean PES score of 8.3 (maximum 14), a mean WES score of 6.3 (maximum 10) and a mean PES/WES score of 14.6 (maximum 24). However, 33% of the implants were characterised by recession (>1 mm) of the facial soft-tissue margin. Correlation analyses involving the subjective parameters indicated that the evaluation of the total implant treatment was mainly influenced by the appearance of the implant crown and to a lesser extent by the peri-implant mucosa. There were no significant correlations between the subjective and professional evaluation. Both the subjective and professional evaluation revealed implants in infraposition. This was registered in 7% and 17% of the implants, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The patient satisfaction and aesthetic outcome 8 to 12 years after treatment with implant-supported single-tooth replacements performed by dental students as part of their clinical undergraduate dental curriculum were characterised by high patient satisfaction and an acceptable aesthetic treatment outcome. Therefore, it seems acceptable to include implant therapy of straightforward cases in the clinical undergraduate curriculum, provided there is substantial supervision by trained clinicians.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The study was partially supported by Nobel Biocare, Denmark. There was no conflict of interest.
authors.forename: Mikael Juul
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Bonde
authors.forename: Rie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stokholm
authors.forename: Soren
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schou
authors.forename: Flemming
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Isidor
mesh_terms: D000540:Alveolar Ridge Augmentation / Q000523:psychology; D001294:Attitude to Health; D002484:Cementation / Q000523:psychology; D003442:Crowns / Q000523:psychology; D059605:Dental Implant-Abutment Design / Q000523:psychology; D019250:Dental Implants, Single-Tooth / Q000523:psychology*; D003761:Dental Impression Technique / Q000523:psychology; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design / Q000523:psychology; D019094:Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported / Q000523:psychology*; D004497:Education, Dental; D004955:Esthetics, Dental; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010519:Periodontium / Q000473:pathology; D023861:Photography, Dental / Q000379:methods; D011476:Prosthodontics / Q000193:education; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013335:Students, Dental; D016896:Treatment Outcome