title: Targeting cell death signaling in colorectal cancer: current strategies and future perspectives.
abstract: The evasion from controlled cell death induction has been considered as one of the hallmarks of cancer cells. Defects in cell death signaling are a fundamental phenomenon in colorectal cancer. Nearly any non-invasive cancer treatment finally aims to induce cell death. However, apoptosis resistance is the major cause for insufficient therapeutic success and disease relapse in gastrointestinal oncology. Various compounds have been developed and evaluated with the aim to meet with this obstacle by triggering cell death in cancer cells. The aim of this review is to illustrate current approaches and future directions in targeting cell death signaling in colorectal cancer. The complex signaling network of apoptosis will be demonstrated and the "druggability" of targets will be identified. In detail, proteins regulating mitochondrial cell death in colorectal cancer, such as Bcl-2 and survivin, will be discussed with respect to potential therapeutic exploitation. Death receptor signaling and targeting in colorectal cancer will be outlined. Encouraging clinical trials including cell death based targeted therapies for colorectal cancer are under way and will be demonstrated. Our conceptual understanding of cell death in cancer is rapidly emerging and new types of controlled cellular death have been identified. To meet this progress in cell death research, the implication of autophagy and necroptosis for colorectal carcinogenesis and therapeutic approaches will also be depicted. The main focus of this topic highlight will be on the revelation of the complex cell death concepts in colorectal cancer and the bridging from basic research to clinical use.
authors.affiliation: Bruno Christian Koehler, Dirk Jäger, Henning Schulze-Bergkamen, National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospitals Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Bruno Christian
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Koehler
authors.affiliation: Bruno Christian Koehler, Dirk Jäger, Henning Schulze-Bergkamen, National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospitals Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jäger
authors.affiliation: Bruno Christian Koehler, Dirk Jäger, Henning Schulze-Bergkamen, National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospitals Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Henning
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schulze-Bergkamen
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D001343:Autophagy; D063646:Carcinogenesis; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D016923:Cell Death; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000473:pathology; D009336:Necrosis; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D012008:Recurrence; D015398:Signal Transduction; D000077022:Survivin; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C107489:BIRC5 protein, human; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D000077022:Survivin; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; C505653:TNFSF10 protein, human
keywords: Apoptosis; Autophagy; BH-3 mimetics; Bcl-2 proteins; Clinical trial; Colorectal cancer; Inflammatory bowel disease; Necroptosis