title: Osteoarthritis and the rule of halves.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Symptomatic osteoarthritis poses a major challenge to primary health care but no studies have related accessing primary care ('detection'), receiving recommended treatments ('treatment'), and achieving adequate control ('control').
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To provide estimates of detection, treatment, and control within a single population adapting the approach used to determine a Rule of Halves for other long-term conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  General population.
  
  
  METHODS
  400 adults aged 50+ years with prevalent symptomatic knee osteoarthritis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort with baseline questionnaire, clinical assessment, and plain radiographs, and questionnaire follow-up at 18 and 36 months and linkage to primary care medical records.
  
  
  METHODS
  'Detection' was defined as at least one musculoskeletal knee-related GP consultation between baseline and 36 months. 'Treatment' was self-reported use of at least one recommended treatment or physiotherapy/hospital specialist referral for their knee problem at all three measurement points. Pain was 'controlled' if characteristic pain intensity <5 out of 10 on at least two occasions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 221 cases (55.3%; 95%CI: 50.4, 60.1) there was evidence that the current problem had been detected in general practice. Of those detected, 164 (74.2% (68.4, 80.0)) were receiving one or more of the recommended treatments at all three measurement points. Of those detected and treated, 45 (27.4% (20.5, 34.3)) had symptoms under control on at least two occasions. Using narrower definitions resulted in substantially lower estimates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Osteoarthritis care does not conform to a Rule of Halves. Symptom control is low among those accessing health care and receiving treatment.
authors.affiliation: Medical School, Keele University, UK. Electronic address: lubnas@doctors.org.uk.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sheikh
authors.affiliation: General Practice & Primary Care, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, UK. Electronic address: Barbara.Nicholl@glasgow.ac.uk.
authors.forename: B I
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Nicholl
authors.affiliation: Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Research Institute for Primary Care & Health Sciences, Keele University, UK. Electronic address: d.j.green@keele.ac.uk.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Green
authors.affiliation: Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Research Institute for Primary Care & Health Sciences, Keele University, UK. Electronic address: j.bedson@keele.ac.uk.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bedson
authors.affiliation: Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Research Institute for Primary Care & Health Sciences, Keele University, UK. Electronic address: g.m.peat@keele.ac.uk.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Peat
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Osteoarthritis; Primary care; Rule of Halves