title: Harm reduction behaviors among young polysubstance users at raves.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Raves may be considered recreational settings in which drug use and health risks related to polydrug use are higher than in others. Harm reduction behaviors implemented by ravers are of particular relevance in reducing such risks. This study analyzes harm reduction behaviors and their relationship to raver polysubstance use patterns.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study of 248 ravers recruited at underground raves in Andalusia (Spain). A questionnaire was developed to collect information about their sociodemographics, drug use, and harm reduction behaviors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results show that ravers employ harm reduction behaviors for minimizing drug-related harm. Nevertheless, only a small minority of the participants frequently employed harm reduction behavior for polysubstance use as well. Ravers identified as high polysubstance users protected themselves significantly less than those identified as low polysubstance users.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides empirical information that may be useful for harm reduction intervention in a hidden and hard-to-reach population like rave attendees. The results point to the need to inform and increase harm reduction behavior specifically aimed at polysubstance use by ravers, especially among more frequent users. Future directions for research are also suggested.
authors.affiliation: a Agency of Social Services and Dependence of Andalusia , Seville , Spain.
authors.forename: Fermín
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fernández-Calderón
authors.forename: Óscar
authors.initials: Ó
authors.lastname: Lozano-Rojas
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rojas-Tejada
authors.forename: Izaskun
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bilbao-Acedos
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vidal-Giné
authors.forename: Esperanza
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vergara-Moragues
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: González-Saiz
mesh_terms: D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D055030:Drug Users / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D040261:Harm Reduction; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs; D008297:Male; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D013287:Illicit Drugs