title: Angiogenic factors and uterine Doppler velocimetry in early- and late-onset preeclampsia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess correlations between maternal serum levels of pro- and anti-angiogenic factors with uterine perfusion in women with early- compared with late-onset preeclampsia, and in healthy pregnant women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Antenatal care clinic located within a hospital (São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil).
  
  
  METHODS
  We enrolled 54 preeclamptic and 54 healthy control women who were coming for routine ultrasound at 28-36 weeks' gestation.
  
  
  METHODS
  All participants had uterine artery and umbilical Doppler studies and a blood sample to assess maternal serum levels of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1, soluble endoglin, adiponectin and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. All angiogenic factors were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  METHODS
  Levels of pro- and anti-angiogenic factors in maternal serum, and uterine artery Doppler findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Concentrations of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 and soluble endoglin were significantly higher in preeclamptic than control women (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.0001, respectively), especially in those with early-onset (<34 weeks) preeclampsia. These two anti-angiogenic mediators were significantly correlated with increased uterine artery Doppler in the preeclamptic women. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 levels were significantly higher in preeclampsia (p = 0.03) but unrelated to uterine artery resistance. Adiponectin levels were similar in cases and controls, independent of body mass index and unrelated to uterine artery resistance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preeclamptic patients have increased soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 and soluble endoglin serum levels and this increase is directly correlated with uterine artery resistance, especially in those with early-onset preeclampsia.
authors.affiliation: Obstetrics Department, São Paulo Federal University, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Clarissa M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Tobinaga
authors.forename: Maria R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Torloni
authors.forename: Bárbara Y
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Gueuvoghlanian-Silva
authors.forename: Karen P T
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Pendeloski
authors.forename: Patrícia A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Akita
authors.forename: Nelson
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sass
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Daher
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D000071063:Endoglin; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D017078:Laser-Doppler Flowmetry / Q000295:instrumentation; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000097:blood; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000097:blood; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014469:Umbilical Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D055988:Uterine Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014599:Uterus / Q000098:blood supply*; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 / Q000097:blood; D014655:Vascular Resistance; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D015703:Antigens, CD; D015415:Biomarkers; C064206:ENG protein, human; D000071063:Endoglin; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; C501162:FLT1 protein, human; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1
keywords: Angiogenesis; Doppler; blood flow; preeclampsia; ultrasonography; uterine perfusion