title: Mapping phosphorylation rate of fluoro-deoxy-glucose in rat brain by (19)F chemical shift imaging.
abstract: (19)F magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies of 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG) and 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose-6-phosphate (FDG-6P) can be used for directly assessing total glucose metabolism in vivo. To date, (19)F MRS measurements of FDG phosphorylation in the brain have either been achieved ex vivo from extracted tissue or in vivo by unusually long acquisition times. Electrophysiological and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) measurements indicate that FDG doses up to 500 mg/kg can be tolerated with minimal side effects on cerebral physiology and evoked fMRI-BOLD responses to forepaw stimulation. In halothane-anesthetized rats, we report localized in vivo detection and separation of FDG and FDG-6P MRS signals with (19)F 2D chemical shift imaging (CSI) at 11.7 T. A metabolic model based on reversible transport between plasma and brain tissue, which included a non-saturable plasma to tissue component, was used to calculate spatial distribution of FDG and FDG-6P concentrations in rat brain. In addition, spatial distribution of rate constants and metabolic fluxes of FDG to FDG-6P conversion were estimated. Mapping the rate of FDG to FDG-6P conversion by (19)F CSI provides an MR methodology that could impact other in vivo applications such as characterization of tumor pathophysiology.
authors.affiliation: Magnetic Resonance Research Center (MRRC), Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Core Center for Quantitative Neuroscience with Magnetic Resonance (QNMR), Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. Electronic address: daniel.coman@yale.edu.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Coman
authors.affiliation: Magnetic Resonance Research Center (MRRC), Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Core Center for Quantitative Neuroscience with Magnetic Resonance (QNMR), Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
authors.forename: Basavaraju G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Sanganahalli
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT 06340, USA.
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: McCarthy
authors.affiliation: Magnetic Resonance Research Center (MRRC), Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Core Center for Quantitative Neuroscience with Magnetic Resonance (QNMR), Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
authors.forename: Douglas L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Rothman
authors.affiliation: Magnetic Resonance Research Center (MRRC), Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Core Center for Quantitative Neuroscience with Magnetic Resonance (QNMR), Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. Electronic address: fahmeed.hyder@yale.edu.
authors.forename: Fahmeed
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hyder
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019298:Glucose-6-Phosphate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D057054:Molecular Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010770:Phosphotransferases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; C047515:2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate; D019298:Glucose-6-Phosphate; D010770:Phosphotransferases
keywords: (19)F MRS; Brain metabolism; FDG; FDG-6P