title: Dietary exposure of Hong Kong adults to acrylamide: results of the first Hong Kong Total Diet Study.
abstract: Acrylamide is a processing contaminant in food formed during cooking at high temperature, such as frying and baking. To assess the associated health risk of the Hong Kong population, the dietary exposure of Hong Kong adults to acrylamide was estimated in the first Hong Kong Total Diet Study (TDS), where food samples were collected and prepared "as consumed". A total of 532 composite food samples were analysed for acrylamide using LC-MS/MS. Dietary exposures were estimated by combining the analytical results with the food consumption data of the Hong Kong adults. The mean and 95th percentile exposures to acrylamide of the Hong Kong population were 0.213 and 0.538 μg kg⁻¹ body weight (bw) day⁻¹, respectively, and their margins of exposure (MOEs) were all below 10,000. The main dietary source of acrylamide was "Vegetables and their products" (52.4% of the total exposure), particularly stir-fried vegetables (44.9%), followed by "Cereals and their products" (14.7%) and "Mixed dishes" (9.43%). The study findings suggest that the relatively low figures for MOE for a genotoxic carcinogen may indicate human health concern of the Hong Kong population. Efforts should continue to be made in the interest of reducing acrylamide levels in food locally.
authors.affiliation: a Risk Assessment Section, Food and Environmental Hygiene Department , Centre for Food Safety , Hong Kong , China.
authors.forename: Waiky W K
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Stephen W C
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Chi-ho
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: Y Y
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xiao
mesh_terms: D020106:Acrylamide / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D003296:Cooking; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000208:ethnology; D004034:Diet Surveys; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D005506:Food Contamination; D006723:Hong Kong; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009153:Mutagens / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D014675:Vegetables / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D009153:Mutagens; D020106:Acrylamide
keywords: acrylamide; fried vegetables; margin of exposure (MOE); total diet study