title: Assessment of local structural disorders of the bladder wall in partial bladder outlet obstruction using polarized light imaging.
abstract: Partial bladder outlet obstruction causes prominent morphological changes in the bladder wall, which leads to bladder dysfunction. In this paper, we demonstrate that polarized light imaging can be used to identify the location of obstruction induced structural changes that other imaging modalities fail to detect. We induced 2-week and 6-week partial outlet obstruction in rats, harvested obstructed bladders, then measured their retardances while distended to high pressures and compared them to controls. Our results show that the retardance of the central part of the ventral side (above the ureters) closer to the urethra can be used as a potential metric of the distending bladder obstruction.
authors.affiliation: University of Toronto, Division of Biophysics and Bioimaging, Ontario Cancer Institute/University Health Network and Department of Medical Biophysics, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9 Canada.
authors.forename: Sanaz
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alali
authors.affiliation: University of Toronto, Division of Urology, Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Sick Kids Hospital, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8 Canada.
authors.forename: Karen J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Aitken
authors.affiliation: University of Toronto, Division of Urology, Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Sick Kids Hospital, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8 Canada.
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schröder
authors.affiliation: University of Toronto, Division of Biophysics and Bioimaging, Ontario Cancer Institute/University Health Network and Department of Medical Biophysics, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9 Canada.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gribble
authors.affiliation: University of Toronto, Division of Urology, Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Sick Kids Hospital, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8 Canada.
authors.forename: Darius J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Bagli
authors.affiliation: University of Toronto, Division of Biophysics and Bioimaging, Ontario Cancer Institute/University Health Network and Department of Medical Biophysics, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9 Canada ; University of Toronto, Department of Radiation Oncology, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9 Canada.
authors.forename: I Alex
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Vitkin
keywords: (170.0110) Imaging systems; (170.4580) Optical diagnostics for medicine; (170.7230) Urology