title: Short communication: Prevalence of methicillin resistance in coagulase-negative staphylococci and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bulk milk on organic and conventional dairy farms in the United States.
abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. in bulk tank milk samples from 288 organic and conventional dairy farms located in New York, Wisconsin, and Oregon from March 2009 to May 2011. Due to recent publications reporting the presence mecC (a mecA homolog not detected by traditional mecA-based PCR methods), a combination of genotypic and phenotypic approaches was used to enhance the recovery of methicillin-resistant organisms from bulk tank milk. In total, 13 isolates were identified as methicillin resistant: Staph. aureus (n=1), Staphylococcus sciuri (n=5), Staphylococcus chromogenes (n=2), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (n=3), Staphylococcus agnetis (n=1), and Macrococcus caseolyticus (n=1). The single methicillin-resistant Staph. aureus isolate was identified from an organic farm in New York, for an observed 0.3% prevalence at the farm level. The methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci prevalence was 2% in the organic population and 5% in the conventional population. We did not identify mecC in any of the isolates from our population. Of interest was the relatively high number of methicillin-resistant Staph. sciuri recovered, as the number of isolates from our study was considerably higher than those recovered from other recent studies that also assessed milk samples. Our research suggests that the presence of a potential methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus reservoir in milk, and likely the dairy farm population in the United States, is independent of the organic or conventional production system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853. Electronic address: kmc277@cornell.edu.
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Cicconi-Hogan
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Belomestnykh
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gamroth
authors.affiliation: Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706.
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Ruegg
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tikofsky
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.
authors.forename: Y H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Schukken
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003030:Coagulase / Q000235:genetics; D005838:Genotype; D016106:Methicillin Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008892:Milk / Q000382:microbiology*; D009518:New York / Q000453:epidemiology; D009922:Oregon / Q000453:epidemiology; D058871:Organic Agriculture; D015995:Prevalence; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D014922:Wisconsin / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D003030:Coagulase
keywords: Staphylococcus; dairy; methicillin resistance; organic