title: Factorial validity and internal consistency of the motivational climate in physical education scale.
abstract: The aim of the study was to examine the construct validity and internal consistency of the Motivational Climate in Physical Education Scale (MCPES). A key element of the development process of the scale was establishing a theoretical framework that integrated the dimensions of task- and ego involving climates in conjunction with autonomy, and social relatedness supporting climates. These constructs were adopted from the self-determination and achievement goal theories. A sample of Finnish Grade 9 students, comprising 2,594 girls and 1,803 boys, completed the 18-item MCPES during one physical education class. The results of the study demonstrated that participants had highest mean in task-involving climate and the lowest in autonomy climate and ego-involving climate. Additionally, autonomy, social relatedness, and task- involving climates were significantly and strongly correlated with each other, whereas the ego- involving climate had low or negligible correlations with the other climate dimensions.The construct validity of the MCPES was analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis. The statistical fit of the four-factor model consisting of motivational climate factors supporting perceived autonomy, social relatedness, task-involvement, and ego-involvement was satisfactory. The results of the reliability analysis showed acceptable internal consistencies for all four dimensions. The Motivational Climate in Physical Education Scale can be considered as psychometrically valid tool to measure motivational climate in Finnish Grade 9 students. Key PointsThis study developed Motivational Climate in School Physical Education Scale (MCPES). During the development process of the scale, the theoretical framework using dimensions of task- and ego involving as well as autonomy, and social relatedness supporting climates was constructed. These constructs were adopted from the self-determination and achievement goal theories.The statistical fit of the four-factor model of the MCPES consisting of motivational climate factors supporting perceived autonomy, social relatedness, task-involvement, and ego-involvement was satisfactory. Additionally, the results of the reliability analysis showed acceptable internal consistencies for all four dimensions.The results of the study demonstrated that participants had highest mean in task-involving climate and the lowest in autonomy climate.Autonomy, social relatedness, and task climate were significantly and strongly correlated with each other, whereas the ego climate factor had low or negligible correlations with the other three factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sport Sciences, University of Jyväskylä , Finland.
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Soini
authors.affiliation: Department of Sport Sciences, University of Jyväskylä , Finland.
authors.forename: Jarmo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liukkonen
authors.affiliation: College of Education, Victoria University , Australia.
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Watt
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Memphis , USA.
authors.forename: Sami
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yli-Piipari
authors.affiliation: Department of Sport Sciences, University of Jyväskylä , Finland.
authors.forename: Timo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jaakkola
keywords: Students; goal orientation; psychometric properties; self-determination