title: Differences in adolescent relationship abuse perpetration and gender-inequitable attitudes by sport among male high school athletes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  School-based athletic programs remain an important context for violence prevention efforts although a better understanding of how gender attitudes and abuse perpetration differ among athletes is needed.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed baseline survey data from the "Coaching Boys into Men" study-a school-based cluster-randomized trial in 16 high schools in Northern California. We describe relationships among gender-inequitable attitudes, sport type, and recent adolescent relationship abuse perpetration among a sample of male athletes (n = 1,648).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gender-inequitable attitudes (adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 3.26; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.56, 4.15), participation in both high school football and basketball (AOR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.37, 3.18), and participation in football only (AOR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.02, 2.22) emerged as independently associated with recent ARA perpetration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings warrant targeted violence prevention efforts among male high school athletes that incorporate discussions of gender attitudes and healthy relationships, especially among sports teams at greater risk of adolescent relationship abuse perpetration.
authors.affiliation: Division of Adolescent Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Electronic address: heather.mccauley@chp.edu.
authors.forename: Heather L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: McCauley
authors.affiliation: Division of Adolescent Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Maria Catrina D
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Jaime
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California.
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Tancredi
authors.affiliation: Division of Global Public Health, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California.
authors.forename: Jay G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Silverman
authors.affiliation: Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Michele R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Decker
authors.affiliation: Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: S Bryn
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Austin
authors.affiliation: Division of Adolescent Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Kelley
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Division of Adolescent Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D056352:Athletes / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001290:Attitude; D001490:Basketball / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002140:California; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005538:Football / Q000523:psychology; D005783:Gender Identity; D006801:Humans; D007857:Leadership; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D013177:Sports / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014754:Violence / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: Adolescent relationship abuse; Gender attitudes; High school athletes