title: Vaccine against tuberculosis: what's new?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  one of the World Health Organization Millennium Development Goal is to reduce tuberculosis incidence by 2015. However, more of 8.5 million tuberculosis cases have been reported in 2011, with an increase of multidrug-resistant strains. Therefore, the World Health Organization target cannot be reach without the help of a vaccine able to limit the spread of tuberculosis. Nowadays, bacille Calmette-Guérin is the only vaccine available against tuberculosis. It prevents against meningeal and disseminated tuberculosis in children, but its effectiveness against pulmonary form in adolescents and adults is argued.
  
  
  METHODS
  a systematic review was performed by searches of Pubmed, references of the relevant articles and Aeras and ClinicalTrial.gov websites.
  
  
  RESULTS
  100 articles were included in this review. Three viral vectored booster vaccines, five protein adjuvant booster vaccines, two priming vaccines and two therapeutic vaccines have been analyzed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Several vaccines are in the pipeline, but further studies on basic research, clinical trial and mass vaccination campaigns are needed to achieve the TB eradication target by 2050.
authors.forename: Carlotta
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Montagnani
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chiappini
authors.forename: Luisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Galli
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Martino
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007117:Immunization, Secondary; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D032581:Tuberculosis Vaccines / Q000276:immunology* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D001500:BCG Vaccine; D032581:Tuberculosis Vaccines