title: Interactions between auxin, microtubules and XTHs mediate green shade- induced petiole elongation in arabidopsis.
abstract: Plants are highly attuned to translating environmental changes to appropriate modifications in growth. Such phenotypic plasticity is observed in dense vegetations, where shading by neighboring plants, triggers rapid unidirectional shoot growth (shade avoidance), such as petiole elongation, which is partly under the control of auxin. This growth is fuelled by cellular expansion requiring cell-wall modification by proteins such as xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolases (XTHs). Cortical microtubules (cMTs) are highly dynamic cytoskeletal structures that are also implicated in growth regulation. The objective of this study was to investigate the tripartite interaction between auxin, cMTs and XTHs in shade avoidance. Our results indicate a role for cMTs to control rapid petiole elongation in Arabidopsis during shade avoidance. Genetic and pharmacological perturbation of cMTs obliterated shade-induced growth and led to a reduction in XTH activity as well. Furthermore, the cMT disruption repressed the shade-induced expression of a specific set of XTHs. These XTHs were also regulated by the hormone auxin, an important regulator of plant developmental plasticity and also of several shade avoidance responses. Accordingly, the effect of cMT disruption on the shade enhanced XTH expression could be rescued by auxin application. Based on the results we hypothesize that cMTs can mediate petiole elongation during shade avoidance by regulating the expression of cell wall modifying proteins via control of auxin distribution.
authors.affiliation: Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Rashmi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sasidharan
authors.affiliation: Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Diederik H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Keuskamp
authors.affiliation: Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Rik
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kooke
authors.affiliation: Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Laurentius A C J
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Voesenek
authors.affiliation: Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pierik
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D016695:Glycosyltransferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D008027:Light; D008870:Microtubules / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids; D016695:Glycosyltransferases; C473049:xyloglucan - xyloglucosyltransferase