title: A preliminary report of increased plasma levels of IL-33 in bipolar disorder: further evidence of pro-inflammatory status.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent findings suggest an important role for inflammation in the neurobiology of bipolar disorder (BD). Interleukin 33 (IL-33) is a cytokine with multiple functions and may act as a nuclear factor regulating transcription and as an "alarmin". IL-33 exerts part of its function through the receptor ST2 that also exists in a soluble form (sST2). This study was performed to evaluate IL-33 and sST2 plasma levels in BD patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated IL33 and sST2 plasma levels of 46 BD patients (23 in euthymia and 23 in mania) and 23 healthy controls using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). BD patients were age and gender matched healthy controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IL-33 levels were higher in BD patients (p=0.02) but there was no difference in sST2 (p=0.55). IL33 and sST2 plasma levels were not correlated with age, neither was influenced by clinical comorbidities nor medications in use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings corroborate the view of BD as a multisystem condition with a proinflammatory profile.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica da Faculdade de Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Alfredo Balena, 190, Room 281, Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Electronic address: izabelagb@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Izabela Guimaraes
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Barbosa
authors.affiliation: Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica da Faculdade de Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Alfredo Balena, 190, Room 281, Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Isabela Boechat
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Morato
authors.affiliation: Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica da Faculdade de Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Alfredo Balena, 190, Room 281, Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Aline Silva
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: de Miranda
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Imunologia do Envelhecimento, Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas, Pontifícia Católica Universidade do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: Moisés Evandro
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UT Health School of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Jair C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.affiliation: Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica da Faculdade de Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Alfredo Balena, 190, Room 281, Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Electronic address: altexr@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Antônio Lucio
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Teixeira
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000503:physiopathology; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000097:blood*; D000072179:Interleukin-1 Receptor-Like 1 Protein; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000097:blood*; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1 / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: C079241:IL1RL1 protein, human; D007375:Interleukin-1; D000072179:Interleukin-1 Receptor-Like 1 Protein; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1
keywords: Bipolar disorder; Depression; IL-33; Mania; sST2