title: Best practices consensus protocol for peritoneal dialysis catheter placement by interventional radiologists.
abstract: Peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheters can be placed by interventional radiologists, an approach that might offer scheduling efficiencies, cost-effectiveness, and a minimally invasive procedure. In the United States, changes in the dialysis reimbursement structure by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services are expected to result in the increased use of PD, a less costly dialysis modality that offers patients the opportunity to receive dialysis in the home setting and to have more independence for travel and work schedules, and that preserves vascular access for future dialysis options. Placement of PD catheters by interventional radiologists might therefore be increasingly requested by nephrology practices, given that recent publications have demonstrated the favorable impact on PD practices of an interventional radiology PD placement capability. Earlier reports of interventional radiology PD catheter placement came from single-center practices with smaller reported experiences. The need for a larger consensus document that attempts to establish best demonstrated practices for radiologists is evident. The radiologists submitting this consensus document represent a combined experience of more than 1000 PD catheter placements. The authors submit these consensus-proposed best demonstrated practices for placement of PD catheters by interventional radiologists under ultrasonographic and fluoroscopic guidance. This technique might allow for expeditious placement of permanent PD catheters in late-referred patients with end-stage renal disease, thus facilitating urgent-start PD and avoiding the need for temporary vascular access catheters.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Interventional Radiology, Kaiser Permanente Hayward, Hayward, California; Interventional Radiology, Utah Vascular Clinic, Salt Lake City, Utah; Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Deerfield, Illinois; Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Carle Foundation Hospital and Carle Physician Group, Urbana, Illinois; and Radiology Services, VA Ann Arbor Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Ahmed K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Abdel-Aal
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Interventional Radiology, Kaiser Permanente Hayward, Hayward, California; Interventional Radiology, Utah Vascular Clinic, Salt Lake City, Utah; Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Deerfield, Illinois; Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Carle Foundation Hospital and Carle Physician Group, Urbana, Illinois; and Radiology Services, VA Ann Arbor Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dybbro
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Interventional Radiology, Kaiser Permanente Hayward, Hayward, California; Interventional Radiology, Utah Vascular Clinic, Salt Lake City, Utah; Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Deerfield, Illinois; Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Carle Foundation Hospital and Carle Physician Group, Urbana, Illinois; and Radiology Services, VA Ann Arbor Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hathaway
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Interventional Radiology, Kaiser Permanente Hayward, Hayward, California; Interventional Radiology, Utah Vascular Clinic, Salt Lake City, Utah; Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Deerfield, Illinois; Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Carle Foundation Hospital and Carle Physician Group, Urbana, Illinois; and Radiology Services, VA Ann Arbor Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guest
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Interventional Radiology, Kaiser Permanente Hayward, Hayward, California; Interventional Radiology, Utah Vascular Clinic, Salt Lake City, Utah; Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Deerfield, Illinois; Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Carle Foundation Hospital and Carle Physician Group, Urbana, Illinois; and Radiology Services, VA Ann Arbor Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Neuwirth
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Interventional Radiology, Kaiser Permanente Hayward, Hayward, California; Interventional Radiology, Utah Vascular Clinic, Salt Lake City, Utah; Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Deerfield, Illinois; Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Carle Foundation Hospital and Carle Physician Group, Urbana, Illinois; and Radiology Services, VA Ann Arbor Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Venkat
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Krishnamurthy
mesh_terms: D002404:Catheterization / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000628:therapy*; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis / Q000379:methods*; D015641:Radiography, Interventional / Q000379:methods*; D014481:United States
keywords: Technique; catheter placement; fluoroscopy; interventional radiology; percutaneous placement; ultrasonography