title: Fabrication of barium- and strontium-doped silica/titania hollow nanoparticles and their synergetic effects on promoting neuronal differentiation by activating ERK and p38 pathways.
abstract: Pristine, barium-doped, and strontium-doped hollow nanoparticles (p-HNPs, Ba-HNP, and Sr-HNP; HNPs) are prepared by sonication-mediated etching and redeposition (SMER) method and alkali-earth-metal hydroxide solution treatment. The HNPs are investigated to facilitate synergetic neuronal differentiation through alkali-earth-metal doping and in conjunction with nerve growth factor (NGF). PC12 cells are used as model cells for neuronal differentiation. The differentiation efficiency is improved in the presence of the HNPs+NGF, and the neurite length is in the order of Sr-HNP+NGF > Ba-HNP+NGF > p-HNP+NGF > NGF. Silica/titania have increasing effect on both differentiation efficiency and neurite length, and doped barium/strontium influences additional elongation of the average neurite length. Take advantage of hollow structure, NGF is encapsulated into HNPs, and they are further applied for directly inducing differentiation. The maximum differentiation efficiency is 67% in presence of the NGF-encapsulated Sr-HNP, which was 1.3 times higher than previous research. Furthermore, the neurite length is also 2.7 times higher than MnO2 decorated poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) nanoellipsoids. Ba- and Sr-HNP may offer a possibility for novel application of metal-hybrid nanomaterials for cell differentiation, and can be expanded to other cellular applications.
authors.affiliation: World Class University (WCU) Program of Chemical Convergence for Energy & Environment (C2E2), School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanangno, Gwanakgu, Seoul, 151-742, Korea.
authors.forename: Sojin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yoonsun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Wan-Kyu
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Chanhoi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jyongsik
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects*; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D008670:Metals / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016501:Neurites / Q000378:metabolism; D016716:PC12 Cells; D051381:Rats; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D008670:Metals; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
keywords: barium; differentiation; hollow nanoparticles; nanomaterials; strontium