title: Selected examples of complications after minimally invasive treatment for urolithiasis.
abstract: In recent years urologists have concentrated on the intense introduction of minimally invasive methods for the treatment of urinary tract diseases with major progress noted in the treatment of urolithiasis. Nowadays extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL), percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), and ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URSL) are widely used in the treatment of urinary tract lithiasis. The aim of this study is to present examples of urinary tract lithiasis as the complication after minimally invasive methods used in the treatment of urolithiasis. One should remember that even minimally invasive medical procedures using the instruments retained in long-term contact with urine may be the cause of incrustation and stone formation.
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Urology, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland.
authors.forename: Waldemar
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Różański
authors.affiliation: Institute of Materials Science and Technology, Division of Materials Investigation of the Technical University of Łódź; Division of Biophysics, Department of Basic and Pre-Clinical Science of the Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland.
authors.forename: Leszek
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Klimek
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Urology, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland.
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lipiński
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Urology, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland.
authors.forename: Rafał
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kliś
keywords: minimally invasive treatment; stone