title: Umbilical cord avulsion in waterbirth.
abstract: Umbilical cord avulsion (or "cord snapping") is often cited as a risk associated with waterbirth. This article discusses a case study in which a cord avulsed during a waterbirth and uses it as a basis to explore the incidence, etiology, and associated risk factors of umbilical cord avulsion. The diagnosis, clinical presentation, and management of cord avulsion in waterbirth is presented along with a thorough review of the literature and relevant professional standards. This article offers recommendations for clinical practice to minimize the risk of a cord avulsion and highlights the need for additional research and provider education to ensure optimal care of women and newborns.
authors.forename: Robyn
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schafer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D036801:Parturition; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications; D014470:Umbilical Cord / Q000293:injuries*; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D014867:Water
keywords: cord snapping; immersion; intrapartum emergencies; neonatal complications; umbilical cord avulsion; waterbirth