title: Anesthetics, cerebral protection and preconditioning.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Several studies demonstrate that cerebral preconditioning is a protective mechanism against a stressful situation. Preconditioning determinants are described, as well as the neuroprotection provided by anesthetic and non-anesthetics agents.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Review based on the main articles addressing the pathophysiology of ischemia-reperfusion and neuronal injury and pharmacological and non-pharmacological factors (inflammation, glycemia, and temperature) related to the change in response to ischemia-reperfusion, in addition to neuroprotection induced by anesthetic use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The brain has the ability to protect itself against ischemia when stimulated. The elucidation of this mechanism enables the application of preconditioning inducing substances (some anesthetics), other drugs, and non-pharmacological measures, such as hypothermia, aimed at inducing tolerance to ischemic lesions.
authors.affiliation: TSA; MSc and PhD in Anesthetics; Postgraduate in Cardiology, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC); Jointly Responsible for the Center for Teaching and Training (CET) of Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (HGF); Medicine Professor of Fachristus; Postgraduate in Clinical Engineering, Universidade de Fortaleza (Unifor); Vice-Chair of the Research Ethics Committee, Hospital São Carlos, Fortaleza, Ceará. Electronic address: rogean@fortalnet.com.br.
authors.forename: Rogean Rodrigues
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Nunes
authors.affiliation: TSA; Full Professor; PhD; Department of General Surgery, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel).
authors.forename: Gastão Fernandes
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Duval Neto
authors.affiliation: Medical Student, UFC.
authors.forename: Júlio César Garcia
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: de Alencar
authors.affiliation: Medical Student, UFC.
authors.forename: Suyane Benevides
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Franco
authors.affiliation: Medical Student, UFC.
authors.forename: Nayanna Quezado
authors.initials: NQ
authors.lastname: de Andrade
authors.affiliation: TSA; MSc, UFC; Responsible for CET-IJF; Chairman of the Pediatric Anesthesia Committee, Sociedade Brasileira de Anestesiologia (SBA) - 2011; Medicine Professor of Fachristus, Fortaleza, Ceará
authors.forename: Danielle Maia Holanda
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Dumaresq
authors.affiliation: PhD; Professor, Faculdade de Medicina, UFC; Corresponsible for the CET of the HGF from Hospital São Carlos, Fortaleza Ceara, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sara Lúcia
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Cavalcante
mesh_terms: D000777:Anesthetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning / Q000379:methods*; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D000777:Anesthetics; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents
keywords: Anesthetics; Central Nervous System; Hypothermia.; Ischemia; Ischemic Preconditioning