title: Retroperitoneal laparoscopic extravascular stent placement for renal nutcracker syndrome: initial experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report our initial experience in treating renal nutcracker syndrome by retroperitoneal laparoscopic extravascular stenting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two male patients, aged 13 and 16 years, were diagnosed with nutcracker syndrome and received retroperitoneal laparoscopic extravascular stent placement. The perioperative data were collected and evaluated. The follow-up was 10 and 18 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both procedures were successful without obvious complications. Total operative time was 65 and 50 min, estimated blood loss was 110 and 70 ml, and postoperative hospital stay was 4 and 6 days. The symptom of gross hematuria ceased 3 and 6 days after surgery. Both patients had normal findings during follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment of nutcracker syndrome by retroperitoneal laparoscopic extravascular stent placement is a safe and feasible procedure, especially for youngsters in the period of physical development. Longer follow-up and further experience are needed to evaluate the efficacy of this procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Pu
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Pengfei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Xiaobing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ju
authors.forename: Xiaoxin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Changjun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D061646:Operative Time; D011184:Postoperative Period; D059228:Renal Nutcracker Syndrome / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D012187:Retroperitoneal Space; D015607:Stents; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography