title: Characterization of acoustic noise in a neonatal intensive care unit MRI system.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To eliminate the medical risks and logistical challenges of transporting infants from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) to the radiology department for magnetic resonance imaging, a small-footprint 1.5-T MRI scanner has been developed for neonatal imaging within the NICU. MRI is known to be noisy, and exposure to excessive acoustic noise has the potential to elicit physiological distress and impact development in the term and preterm infant.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To measure and compare the acoustic noise properties of the NICU MRI system against those of a conventional 1.5-T MRI system.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed sound pressure level measurements in the NICU MRI scanner and in a conventional adult-size whole-body 1.5-T MRI system. Sound pressure level measurements were made for six standard clinical MR imaging protocols.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average sound pressure level value, reported in unweighted (dB) and A-weighted (dBA) decibels for all six imaging pulse sequences, was 73.8 dB and 88 dBA for the NICU scanner, and 87 dB and 98.4 dBA for the conventional MRI scanner. The sound pressure level values measured on the NICU scanner for each of the six MR imaging pulse sequences were consistently and significantly (P = 0.03) lower, with an average difference of 14.2 dB (range 10-21 dB) and 11 dBA (range 5-18 dBA). The sound pressure level frequency response of the two MR systems showed a similar harmonic structure above 200 Hz for all imaging sequences. The amplitude, however, was appreciably lower for the NICU scanner, by as much as 30 dB, for frequencies below 200 Hz.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The NICU MRI system is quieter than conventional MRI scanners, improving safety for the neonate and facilitating siting of the unit within the NICU.
authors.affiliation: Imaging Research Center, Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 240 Albert Sabin Way, MLC 5033, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA, jean.tkach@cchmc.org.
authors.forename: Jean A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Tkach
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ronald G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Pratt
authors.forename: Kelly A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Baroch
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Loew
authors.forename: Barret R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Daniels
authors.forename: Randy O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Giaquinto
authors.forename: Stephanie L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Merhar
authors.forename: Beth M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Kline-Fath
authors.forename: Charles L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Dumoulin
mesh_terms: D000162:Acoustics; D004867:Equipment Design; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation*; D009622:Noise