title: Monitoring what governments "give for" and "spend on" vaccine procurement: Vaccine Procurement Assistance and Vaccine Procurement Baseline.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Global Vaccine Action Plan will require, inter alia, the mobilization of financial resources from donors and national governments - both rich and poor. Vaccine Procurement Assistance (VPA) and Vaccine Procurement Baseline (VPB) are two metrics that could measure government performance and track resources in this arena. VPA is proposed as a new subcategory of Official Development Assistance (ODA) given for the procurement of vaccines and VPB is a previously suggested measure of the share of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) that governments spend on their own vaccine procurement.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine realistic targets for VPA and VPB.
  
  
  METHODS
  Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) and World Bank data for 2009 were analyzed to determine the proportions of bilateral ODA from the 23 Development Assistance Committee (DAC) countries disbursed (as % of GDP in current US$) for infectious disease control. DAC country contributions to the GAVI Alliance for 2009 were assessed as a measure of multilateral donor support for vaccines and immunization programs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 2009, total DAC bilateral ODA was 0.16% of global GDP and 0.25% of DAC GDP. As a percentage of GDP, Norway (0.013%) and United Kingdom (0.0085%) disbursed the greatest proportion of bilateral ODA for infectious disease control, and Norway (0.024%) and Canada (0.008%) made the greatest contributions to the GAVI Alliance. In 2009 0.02% of DAC GDP was US$7.61 billion and 0.02% of the GDP of the poorest 117 countries was US$2.88 billion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adopting 0.02% GDP as minimum targets for both VPA and VPB is based on realistic estimates of what both developed and developing countries should spend, and can afford to spend, to jointly ensure procurement of vaccines recommended by national and global bodies. New OECD purpose codes are needed to specifically track ODA disbursed for a) vaccine procurement; and b) immunization programs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: E A S
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.affiliation: Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Bloom
authors.affiliation: Global Health Consultant, Sedona, Arizona, United States of America.
authors.forename: Richard T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Mahoney
mesh_terms: D003906:Developing Countries; D006076:Government; D006801:Humans; D017589:Immunization Programs / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends; D007391:International Cooperation; D032541:Mass Vaccination / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends; D009313:National Health Programs / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends; D014612:Vaccines / Q000191:economics* / Q000600:supply & distribution*; D014944:World Health Organization
chemical_list: D014612:Vaccines