title: Effects of carbonation on probiotic survivability, physicochemical, and sensory properties of milk-based symbiotic beverages.
abstract: Drinkable yogurt is a popular beverage in the United States and there may be a niche for carbonated drinkable yogurt in the functional foods market. Pomegranate (P) and vanilla (V) yogurt beverages were formulated, containing inulin as a prebiotic, along with probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium, to produce symbiotic products. These beverages were stabilized with high-methoxyl pectin and whey protein concentrate and compared to samples with approximately 2 volumes of added carbon dioxide (CO2 ). Samples were stored in sealed glass bottles at 4 °C for 9 wk for evaluation of physicochemical and functional properties. Trials were carried out in triplicate and 3 replicates from each trial were analyzed. Physicochemical attributes were analyzed using standard AOAC methods. Survivability of the probiotics and changes in pH and viscosity were measured weekly. Chemical composition of the carbonated beverages was: protein: 1.58 ± 0.05%, 1.59 ± 0.06%, fat: 1.24 ± 0.2%, 1.18 ± 0.11%, total solids: 14.78 ± 0.11%, 14.93 ± 0.05%, ash: 0.49 ± 0.02%, 0.46 ± 0.03%, and carbohydrate (by difference): 11.47 ± 0.12%, 11.69 ± 0.14% for P and V, respectively. Both L. acidophilus and Bifidobacterium were stable and remained above 10(6) CFU/g for both flavors of beverage both with and without carbonation. The new manufacturing technology for these prototypes may have potential for commercialization of carbonated symbiotic milk-based beverages.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Univ. of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05045, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: Jianjun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Mingruo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001644:Bifidobacterium / Q000187:drug effects*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002253:Carbonated Beverages / Q000032:analysis* / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007444:Inulin; D007779:Lactobacillus acidophilus / Q000187:drug effects*; D008892:Milk / Q000382:microbiology*; D008894:Milk Proteins; D056692:Prebiotics; D019936:Probiotics; D058616:Synbiotics; D013649:Taste; D014783:Viscosity; D000067816:Whey Proteins; D015014:Yogurt / Q000032:analysis* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D008894:Milk Proteins; D056692:Prebiotics; D000067816:Whey Proteins; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D007444:Inulin
keywords: beverages; carbonation; milk; probiotics; stability