title: Glial scar formation occurs in the human brain after ischemic stroke.
abstract: Reactive gliosis and glial scar formation have been evidenced in the animal model of ischemic stroke, but not in human ischemic brain. Here, we have found that GFAP, ED1 and chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans (CSPG) expression were significantly increased in the cortical peri-infarct regions after ischemic stroke, compared with adjacent normal tissues and control subjects. Double immunolabeling showed that GFAP-positive reactive astrocytes in the peri-infarct region expressed CSPG, but showed no overlap with ED1-positive activated microglia. Our findings suggest that reactive gliosis and glial scar formation as seen in animal models of stroke are reflective of what occurs in the human brain after an ischemic injury.
authors.affiliation: 1. Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China ; 2. Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
authors.forename: Lijie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: 1. Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China ; 2. Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
authors.forename: Zhe-Bao
authors.initials: ZB
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: 1. Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China ; 2. Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
authors.forename: Qichuan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhuge
authors.affiliation: 1. Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China ; 2. Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
authors.forename: Weiming
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: 2. Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
authors.forename: Bei
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.affiliation: 3. Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Texas 76107, USA.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: 3. Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Texas 76107, USA.
authors.forename: Fen
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: 1. Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China ; 2. Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China ; 3. Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Texas 76107, USA.
authors.forename: Kunlin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D005911:Gliosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020521:Stroke / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*
keywords: glial scar; human; ischemic stroke; patients; reactive gliosis