title: Ketamine and intraocular pressure in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We determine the increase in intraocular pressure during pediatric procedural sedation with ketamine, and the proportion of children whose increase might be clinically important (at least 5 mm Hg).
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively enrolled children aged 8 to 18 years, chosen to receive ketamine sedation in a pediatric emergency department. We measured intraocular pressure before sedation, immediately after ketamine administration, 2 minutes post-drug administration, and every 5 minutes thereafter until recovery or 30 minutes after the final dose. We descriptively report our observations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the 60 children enrolled, the median intraocular pressure increase was 3 mm Hg (range 0 to 8 mm Hg). Fifteen children had a brief greater than or equal to 5 mm Hg increase in intraocular pressure from baseline.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study of ketamine sedation in children with healthy eyes, we observed mild increases in intraocular pressure that at times transiently exceeded our bounds for potential clinical importance (5 mm Hg).
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Louisville, KY. Electronic address: sawadi01@louisville.edu.
authors.forename: Shernaz
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wadia
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Louisville, KY.
authors.forename: Rahul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bhola
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Louisville, KY.
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lorenz
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Louisville, KY.
authors.forename: Pradeep
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Padmanabhan
authors.affiliation: University of Louisville, Louisville, KY.
authors.forename: Joshua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gross
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Louisville, KY.
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stevenson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D007649:Ketamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative; D007649:Ketamine