title: Percutaneous cholecystostomy in critically ill patients with acute cholecystitis: complications and late outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the outcome of percutaneous cholecystostomy in critically ill patients with acute cholecystitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study group included critically ill patients who underwent percutaneous cholecystostomy for acute cholecystitis at a tertiary medical centre in 2007-2011. Data on complications, morbidities, surgical outcome, and imaging findings were collected from the medical files and radiology information system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 48 women (59.3%) and 33 men (40.7%), with a median age of 82 years (range 47-99 years). Seventy-one (88%) had calculous cholecystitis and 10 (12%), acalculous cholecystitis. The drain was successfully inserted in all cases with no immediate major procedural complications. Fifteen patients (18.5%) died in-hospital within 30 days, mainly (93%) due to septic shock (14/15), another 20 patients (24.7%) died during the study period of unrelated co-morbidities. Of the remaining 46 patients, 36 (78.2%) had surgical cholecystectomies. In patients with acalculous cholecystitis, the drain was removed after cessation of symptoms. Transcystic cholangiography identified five patients with additional stones in the common bile duct. They were managed by pushing the stones into the duodenum via the cystostomy access, sparing them the need for surgical exploration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early percutaneous gallbladder drainage is safe and effective in critically ill patients in the acute phase of cholecystitis, with a high technical success rate. Surgical results in survivors are better than reported in patients treated surgically without drainage. Bile duct stones can be eliminated without creating an additional access.
authors.affiliation: Units of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Rabin Medical Center, Hasharon and Beilinson Hospitals, Petach Tikva, Israel.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Atar
authors.affiliation: Units of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Rabin Medical Center, Hasharon and Beilinson Hospitals, Petach Tikva, Israel. Electronic address: drbachar@netvision.net.il.
authors.forename: G N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Bachar
authors.affiliation: Units of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Rabin Medical Center, Hasharon and Beilinson Hospitals, Petach Tikva, Israel.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Berlin
authors.affiliation: Units of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Rabin Medical Center, Hasharon and Beilinson Hospitals, Petach Tikva, Israel.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Neiman
authors.affiliation: Units of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Rabin Medical Center, Hasharon and Beilinson Hospitals, Petach Tikva, Israel.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bleich-Belenky
authors.affiliation: Units of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Rabin Medical Center, Hasharon and Beilinson Hospitals, Petach Tikva, Israel.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Litvin
authors.affiliation: Units of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Rabin Medical Center, Hasharon and Beilinson Hospitals, Petach Tikva, Israel.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Knihznik
authors.affiliation: Units of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Rabin Medical Center, Hasharon and Beilinson Hospitals, Petach Tikva, Israel.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Belenky
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Affiliated to Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ram
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D041881:Cholecystitis, Acute / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D002767:Cholecystostomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D016638:Critical Illness; D004322:Drainage / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D042882:Gallstones / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018805:Sepsis / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome