title: OnlineTED.com--a novel web-based audience response system for higher education. A pilot study to evaluate user acceptance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Audience response (AR) systems are increasingly used in undergraduate medical education. However, high costs and complexity of conventional AR systems often limit their use. Here we present a novel AR system that is platform independent and does not require hardware clickers or additional software to be installed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  "OnlineTED" was developed at Technische Universität München (TUM) based on Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) with a My Structured Query Language (MySQL)-database as server- and Javascript as client-side programming languages. "OnlineTED" enables lecturers to create and manage question sets online and start polls in-class via a web-browser. Students can participate in the polls with any internet-enabled device (smartphones, tablet-PCs or laptops). A paper-based survey was conducted with undergraduate medical students and lecturers at TUM to compare "OnlineTED" with conventional AR systems using clickers. "OnlineTED" received above-average evaluation results by both students and lecturers at TUM and was seen on par or superior to conventional AR systems. The survey results indicated that up to 80% of students at TUM own an internet-enabled device (smartphone or tablet-PC) for participation in web-based AR technologies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  "OnlineTED" is a novel web-based and platform-independent AR system for higher education that was well received by students and lecturers. As a non-commercial alternative to conventional AR systems it may foster interactive teaching in undergraduate education, in particular with large audiences.
authors.affiliation: Technische Universität München (TUM), Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Felizian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kühbeck
authors.affiliation: Technische Universität München (TUM), Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Engelhardt
authors.affiliation: Technische Universität München (TUM), Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sarikas
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D040421:Cell Phone; D003194:Computer-Assisted Instruction; D034201:Computers, Handheld; D004504:Education, Medical, Undergraduate; D005246:Feedback; D006801:Humans; D019146:Hypermedia; D009862:Online Systems; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011381:Programming Languages; D013337:Students, Medical / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: audience response system; interactive teaching