title: Safety and long-term outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with human immunodeficiency virus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to report the long-term outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV+) patients.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Sparse data exists regarding the risk of patients with HIV who undergo PCI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a case-control design, we compared baseline characteristics, procedure-related outcomes, in-hospital, and 2-year clinical outcomes of 112 consecutive HIV+ patients versus 112 HIV- controls matched for age, gender, and diabetes mellitus who underwent PCI from April 2003 to September 2011.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline characteristics were generally comparable, save for more African Americans and history of chronic renal insufficiency in the HIV+ vs. HIV- group (62.5% vs. 21.4%, P < 0.001) and (27.7% vs. 9.9%, P < 0.001). There was no correlation between CD4 nadir count and extent and diffuseness of coronary artery disease. The occurrence of major adverse cardiac events at 2 years was similar in both groups. Multivariable analysis for independent correlates of major adverse cardiac events at 2 years detected patients with a history of chronic renal insufficiency (OR: 2.44, 95% confidence interval: 1.02-5.83; P = 0.04) and acute myocardial infarction (OR: 2.92, 95% confidence interval: 1.39-6.15; P = 0.005) as correlates for outcome. Post-hoc analysis showed that drug-eluting stent (DES) use in the HIV+ group was beneficial.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PCI in HIV+ patients is safe, with high procedural success rates, and produces similar outcomes to those seen in HIV- patients at 2 years. HIV+ patients should be treated with DES if possible.
authors.affiliation: Section of Interventional Cardiology, MedStar Heart Institute, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, District of Columbia.
authors.forename: Salem
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Badr
authors.forename: Sa'ar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Minha
authors.forename: Hironori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kitabata
authors.forename: Omid
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Fatemi
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Torguson
authors.forename: William O
authors.initials: WO
authors.lastname: Suddath
authors.forename: Lowell F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Satler
authors.forename: Augusto D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Pichard
authors.forename: Ron
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Waksman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D016208:Databases, Factual; D054855:Drug-Eluting Stents; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000209:etiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D018579:Patient Selection; D062645:Percutaneous Coronary Intervention / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000401:mortality; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: coronary artery disease; human immunodeficiency virus; percutaneous coronary intervention