title: Impact of premedication on neonatal intubations by pediatric and neonatal trainees.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if premedication and training level affect the success rates of neonatal intubations.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed a hospital-approved neonatal intubation database from 2003 to 2010. Intubation success rate was defined as the number of successful intubations divided by the total number of attempts, and then compared by trainee's experience level and the use of premedication. Premedication regimen included anticholinergic, analgesic and muscle relaxant agents.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 169 trainees who completed 1071 successful intubations with 2694 attempts. The median success rate was 36% by all trainees, and improved with training level from 29% for pediatric trainees to 50% for neonatal trainees (P<0.001). Premedication was used in 58% of intubation attempts. The median success rate was double with premedication (43% versus 22%, P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neonatal endotracheal intubation is a challenge for trainees. Intubation success rates progressively improve with experience. Premedication is associated with improved success rates for all training levels.
authors.affiliation: Division of Perinatal-Neonatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, Rady Children's Hospital of San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: C N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Le
authors.affiliation: Division of Perinatal-Neonatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, Rady Children's Hospital of San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Garey
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Leone
authors.affiliation: Division of Perinatal-Neonatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, Rady Children's Hospital of San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Goodmar
authors.affiliation: Division of Perinatal-Neonatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, Rady Children's Hospital of San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Rich
authors.affiliation: Division of Perinatal-Neonatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, Rady Children's Hospital of San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: N N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Finer
mesh_terms: D002140:California; D002983:Clinical Competence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; D007396:Internship and Residency; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000193:education*; D011292:Premedication / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012189:Retrospective Studies