title: Promotion of photosynthesis in transgenic rice over-expressing of maize C4 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase gene by nitric oxide donors.
abstract: We determined the effects of exogenous nitric oxide on photosynthesis and gene expression in transgenic rice plants (PC) over-expressing the maize C4pepc gene, which encodes phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC). Seedlings were subjected to treatments with NO donors, an NO scavenger, phospholipase inhibitors, a Ca(2+) chelator, a Ca(2+) channel inhibitor, and a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) inhibitor, individually and in various combinations. The NO donors significantly increased the net photosynthetic rate (PN) of PC and wild-type (WT), especially that of PC. Treatment with an NO scavenger did inhibit the PN of rice plants. The treatments with phospholipase inhibitors and a Ca(2+) chelator decreased the PN of WT and PC, and photosynthesis was more strongly inhibited in WT than in PC. Further analyses showed that the NO donors increased endogenous levels of NO and PLD activity, but decreased endogenous levels of Ca(2+) both WT and PC. However, there was a greater increase in NO in WT and a greater increase in PLD activity and Ca(2+) level in PC. The NO donors also increased both PEPC activity and pepc gene expression in PC. PEPC activity can be increased by SNP alone. But the expression of its encoding gene in PC might be regulated by SNP, together with PA and Ca(2+).
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu High Quality Rice R and D Center, Nanjing Branch, China National Center for Rice Improvement, Nanjing 210014, PR China; College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
authors.forename: Pingbo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu High Quality Rice R and D Center, Nanjing Branch, China National Center for Rice Improvement, Nanjing 210014, PR China. Electronic address: jspplx@jaas.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu High Quality Rice R and D Center, Nanjing Branch, China National Center for Rice Improvement, Nanjing 210014, PR China; College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Huo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu High Quality Rice R and D Center, Nanjing Branch, China National Center for Rice Improvement, Nanjing 210014, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiaodong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
authors.forename: Chuanchao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu High Quality Rice R and D Center, Nanjing Branch, China National Center for Rice Improvement, Nanjing 210014, PR China.
authors.forename: Chuangen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lv
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012275:Oryza / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D010712:Phosphatidic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D010730:Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010788:Photosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D054046:Plant Stomata / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D018526:Plant Transpiration; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D036226:Seedlings / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D003313:Zea mays / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors; D010712:Phosphatidic Acids; D010940:Plant Proteins; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; D010730:Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase; D002118:Calcium
keywords: Ca(2+); Net photosynthetic rate; Nitric oxide; Phosphatidic acid; Transgenic rice expressing C(4)pepc