title: Sport club participation of adolescents with asthma: maternal factors and adolescent cognitions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sport participation is especially important for patients with asthma in that it decreases psychosocial and physiological problems associated with inactivity. However, adolescents with asthma seem to participate less in sports compared to their non-asthmatic peers. The current study tested the direct associations between maternal sport-specific factors and sport club participation of early adolescents with asthma and the indirect effect through adolescent's sport-specific cognitions.
  
  
  METHODS
  During home visits, 261 adolescents (aged 10-15) completed questionnaires about self-efficacy, beliefs regarding sport participation, and their actual sport club participation. Their mothers reported their sport-specific support, beliefs about offspring's and own sport participation, their own levels of physical activity, and their self-efficacy to stimulate offspring to participate in sports. Path analyses were used to examine the direct and indirect associations of maternal sport-specific factors with adolescents sport club participation via adolescent sport-specific cognitions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analyses showed that maternal sport-specific support (β = 0.20, P = 0.007) and self-efficacy to stimulate offspring to participate in sports (β = 0.20, P = 0.027) related positively to adolescents' sport club participation. Adolescents' self-efficacy (indirect effect = 0.09, SE = 3.01, P < 0.001) mediated the positive relation between maternal self-efficacy to stimulate offspring to participate in sport and adolescents' participation in sport clubs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Maternal sport-specific factors related to adolescents' sport club participation directly and indirectly through adolescents' sport-specific cognitions. Intervention programs should focus on maternal sport-specific support and self-efficacy and adolescents' self-efficacy to increase sport participation of adolescents with asthma.
authors.affiliation: Behavioural Science Institute (BSI), Faculty of Social Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Dana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tiggelman
authors.forename: Monique O M
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: van de Ven
authors.forename: Onno C P
authors.initials: OC
authors.lastname: van Schayck
authors.forename: Marloes
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kleinjan
authors.forename: Rutger C M E
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Engels
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001249:Asthma / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D001290:Attitude; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers; D009426:Netherlands; D020377:Self Efficacy; D013177:Sports / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: mothers; physical activity; psychology; pulmonary disease; youth