title: State of the science: depression and type 2 diabetes.
abstract: Depression is a significant comorbid condition in diabetes. Individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are 2 times more likely to experience depression or elevated depressive symptoms compared to those without T2DM. The aims of this state of the science review were to summarize the putative links between diabetes and depression and review empirically supported treatments of depression in diabetes. Findings suggest that a bidirectional association between depression and T2DM exists and that several biological and psychosocial mediators underlie these conditions. Available data indicate that conventional treatments (antidepressant medication, cognitive behavioral therapy, and collaborative care) reduce depression and symptoms of depression; however more controlled studies and development of novel therapies are needed. Glycemic outcomes have most frequently been examined, but findings have been mixed. Self-care and adherence outcomes have been less well studied. Emerging evidence suggests that these outcomes may be important targets for future depression research in T2DM.
authors.affiliation: Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA spencko@luc.edu.
authors.forename: Sue
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Penckofer
authors.affiliation: Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Todd
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Doyle
authors.affiliation: Saint Mary's College, Notre Dame, IN, USA.
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Byrn
authors.affiliation: Washington University in St. Louis, MO, USA.
authors.forename: Patrick J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Lustman
mesh_terms: D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D015897:Comorbidity / Q000639:trends*; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D012196:Review Literature as Topic; D012648:Self Care / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents
keywords: antidepressants; cognitive-behavioral therapy; collaborative care; depression; diabetes