title: Cell labeling and tracking method without distorted signals by phagocytosis of macrophages.
abstract: Cell labeling and tracking are important processes in understanding biologic mechanisms and the therapeutic effect of inoculated cells in vivo. Numerous attempts have been made to label and track inoculated cells in vivo; however, these methods have limitations as a result of their biological effects, including secondary phagocytosis of macrophages and genetic modification. Here, we investigated a new cell labeling and tracking strategy based on metabolic glycoengineering and bioorthogonal click chemistry. We first treated cells with tetra-acetylated N-azidoacetyl-D-mannosamine to generate unnatural sialic acids with azide groups on the surface of the target cells. The azide-labeled cells were then transplanted to mouse liver, and dibenzyl cyclooctyne-conjugated Cy5 (DBCO-Cy5) was intravenously injected into mice to chemically bind with the azide groups on the surface of the target cells in vivo for target cell visualization. Unnatural sialic acids with azide groups could be artificially induced on the surface of target cells by glycoengineering. We then tracked the azide groups on the surface of the cells by DBCO-Cy5 in vivo using bioorthogonal click chemistry. Importantly, labeling efficacy was enhanced and false signals by phagocytosis of macrophages were reduced. This strategy will be highly useful for cell labeling and tracking.
authors.affiliation: 1. Next-generation Pharmaceutical Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sun-Woong
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: 2. Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sangmin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: 2. Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Na
authors.affiliation: 3. Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hwa In
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: 4. Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dong-Eun
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: 5. Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Heebeom
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Koo
authors.affiliation: 3. Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yong Woo
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: 2. Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sun Hwa
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: 6. Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seo Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: 2. Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea ; 7. KU-KIST School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ick Chan
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: 2. Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kuiwon
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: 2. Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kwangmeyung
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001386:Azides / Q000737:chemistry; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D058948:Cell Tracking / Q000379:methods*; D017690:Cell Transplantation; D057930:Click Chemistry; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods; D006595:Hexosamines / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000166:cytology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D057054:Molecular Imaging / Q000379:methods; D010587:Phagocytosis; D012794:Sialic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D001386:Azides; D006595:Hexosamines; C405953:N-azidoacetylmannosamine; D012794:Sialic Acids
keywords: cell labeling; cell tracking; chemical reporter.; click chemistry; metabolic glycoengineering