title: Tailored immune responses: novel effector helper T cell subsets in protective immunity.
abstract: Differentiation of naïve CD4⁺ cells into functionally distinct effector helper T cell subsets, characterised by distinct "cytokine signatures," is a cardinal strategy employed by the mammalian immune system to efficiently deal with the rapidly evolving array of pathogenic microorganisms encountered by the host. Since the T(H)1/T(H)2 paradigm was first described by Mosmann and Coffman, research in the field of helper T cell biology has grown exponentially with seven functionally unique subsets having now been described. In this review, recent insights into the molecular mechanisms that govern differentiation and function of effector helper T cell subsets will be discussed in the context of microbial infections, with a focus on how these different helper T cell subsets orchestrate immune responses tailored to combat the nature of the pathogenic threat encountered.
authors.affiliation: School of Molecular & Biomedical Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Ervin E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Kara
authors.affiliation: School of Molecular & Biomedical Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Iain
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Comerford
authors.affiliation: School of Molecular & Biomedical Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Kevin A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Fenix
authors.affiliation: School of Molecular & Biomedical Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Cameron R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Bastow
authors.affiliation: School of Molecular & Biomedical Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Carly E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Gregor
authors.affiliation: School of Molecular & Biomedical Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Duncan R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: McKenzie
authors.affiliation: School of Molecular & Biomedical Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Shaun R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: McColl
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*