title: Translating Koch's postulates to identify matrix metalloproteinase roles in postmyocardial infarction remodeling: cardiac metalloproteinase actions (CarMA) postulates.
abstract: The first matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) was described in 1962; and since the 1990s, cardiovascular research has focused on understanding how MMPs regulate many aspects of cardiovascular pathology from atherosclerosis formation to myocardial infarction and stroke. Although much information has been gleaned by these past reports, to a large degree MMP cardiovascular biology remains observational, with few studies homing in on cause and effect relationships. Koch's postulates were first developed in the 19th century as a way to establish microorganism function and were modified in the 20th century to include methods to establish molecular causality. In this review, we outline the concept for establishing a similar approach to determine causality in terms of MMP functions. We use left ventricular remodeling postmyocardial infarction as an example, but this approach will have broad applicability across both the cardiovascular and the MMP fields.
authors.affiliation: From the San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center and Mississippi Center for Heart Research (R.P.I., L.E.d.C.B., Y.-F.J., M.L.L.) and Department of Biophysics and Physiology (R.P.I., L.E.d.C.B., M.L.L.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio (Y.-F.J.); and Research Service, G.V. (Sonny) Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Jackson, MS (M.L.L.).
authors.forename: Rugmani Padmanabhan
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Iyer
authors.forename: Lisandra E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: de Castro Brás
authors.forename: Yu-Fang
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Merry L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Lindsey
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D040901:Proteomics; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases
keywords: extracellular matrix; fibrosis; inflammation; matrix metalloproteinases; proteomics; ventricular remodeling