title: Pseudocystic foveal cavitation in tamoxifen retinopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present 3 cases of tamoxifen-induced foveal cavitation and review previous prospective and cross-sectional studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of patients presenting to a single institution with evidence of tamoxifen-induced maculopathy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three patients presented with pseudocystic foveal cavitation similar in appearance to macular telangiectasia type 2 on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD OCT) imaging.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tamoxifen maculopathy is characterized by cavitation in the central macula with or without typical cystoid macular edema. Pathogenesis involves toxicity to retinal Müller cells. It can occur with low daily and cumulative doses of the drug, and in the absence of subjective visual complaints or crystalline retinopathy. Prospective research with SD OCT imaging will be required to gain a more accurate estimate of the incidence of tamoxifen retinopathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
authors.forename: Rishi R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Doshi
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida. Electronic address: jfortun@med.miami.edu.
authors.forename: Jorge A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Fortun
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
authors.forename: Brian T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
authors.forename: Sander R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Dubovy
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
authors.forename: Philip J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Rosenfeld
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D003560:Cysts / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D005584:Fovea Centralis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008269:Macular Edema / Q000175:diagnosis; D008875:Middle Aged; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000009:adverse effects*; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D004965:Estrogen Antagonists; D013629:Tamoxifen