title: From trap to nursery. Mitigating the impact of an artisanal fishery on cuttlefish offspring.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Overexploitation and the impact of several types of human activities have caused declines of marine resources. The direct and active involvement of fishermen in the management of marine resources is effective not only for resource conservation, but also for changing fishermen's attitudes. In this study, we proposed and tested the efficacy and suitability of a measure for mitigating the impact of a trap fishery on cuttlefish eggs in the North Adriatic Sea. This measure directly involves fishermen in promoting the conservation of the early, and more vulnerable, stages of the cuttlefish life cycle.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Through surveys on fishing boats and interviews with fishermen, we found that traps placed in coastal areas during the cuttlefish breeding season have a high impact on cuttlefish eggs, with over 3 million eggs likely being destroyed by 3750 traps of 15 fishermen in less than 3 miles of coast. The use of removable ropes attached inside traps as an additional substrate for egg deposition allowed the recovery of 23.7% of the eggs deposited on the traps on average, without affecting the catch rate of adults. Experiments examining hatching success in the field highlighted the need for a careful choice of hatching sites to maximise the efficacy of the mitigation measure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The proposed mitigation measure reduced the impact of fishing on cuttlefish eggs, with no significant effect on the commercial catch. Fishermen showed a positive attitude towards the application of this measure, which is inexpensive and easy to employ. The direct involvement of fishermen in the management of this resource and the maintenance of traditional fishing methods are a novel aspect of the proposed measure and represent the basis for its success.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Melli
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Riginella
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nalon
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
authors.forename: Carlotta
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mazzoldi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003625:Data Collection / Q000379:methods; D049832:Decapodiformes / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005398:Fisheries / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005843:Geography; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D007558:Italy; D009792:Oceans and Seas; D010063:Ovum / Q000502:physiology*