title: Comparative analysis of flavonoids and polar metabolite profiling of Tanno-original and Tanno-high rutin buckwheat.
abstract: Rutin is an important indicator for evaluating the quality of buckwheat. In this study, flavonoid biosynthesis was compared between two common cultivars (an original and a high-rutin line) of buckwheat, Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. Transcriptional levels of the main flavonoid biosynthetic genes were analyzed by real-time PCR, and main flavonoid metabolites were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC); levels of gene expression varied among organs of the two cultivars. Significantly higher transcription levels of most flavonoid biosynthetic genes, except FeFLS1, were detected in stems of the high-rutin line than in stems of the original line. FeCHI and FeFLS2 genes also showed higher expression levels in seeds of the high-rutin cultivar. In contrast, FePAL, FeC4H, Fe4CL1, FeCHS, FeF3H, FeF3'H, FeFLS2, and FeDFR were highly detected in the roots of the original line. The HPLC results indicated 1.73-, 1.62-, and 1.77-fold higher accumulation of rutin (the primary flavonoid compound) in leaves, stems, and mature seeds of the high-rutin cultivar (24.86, 1.46, and 1.36 μg/mg, respectively) compared with the original cultivar (14.40, 0.90, and 0.77 μg/mg, respectively). A total of 46 metabolites were identified from seeds by gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The metabolite profiles were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA). PCA could clearly differentiate the original and high-rutin cultivars. Our results indicate that the high-rutin cultivar could be an excellent alternative for buckwheat culture, and we provide useful information for obtaining this cultivar.
authors.affiliation: Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University , Daejeon 305-764, Korea.
authors.forename: Xiaohua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jae Kwang
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Soo-Yun
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Shicheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Yeon Bok
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sanghyun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sang Un
authors.initials: SU
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D019612:Fagopyrum / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D055442:Metabolome; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012431:Rutin / Q000032:analysis*; D012639:Seeds / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D010940:Plant Proteins; D012431:Rutin