title: Comparative in vitro stability and scintigraphic imaging for trafficking and tumor targeting of a directly and a novel ⁹⁹mTc(I)(CO)₃ labeled liposome.
abstract: Liposomes radiolabelling with diagnostic radionuclides is an excellent tool for studying pharmacokinetics with the view of developing liposome-based drug delivery agents. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo behavior of a (99m)Tc-labeled liposome by applying either a direct labeling strategy via a carboxyl group, LP-COOH, or a surface chelating method via pyridyl ethyl cysteine compound (with the intermediate [⁹⁹mTc(I)(CO)₃(H₂O)(3)](+)), LP-PEC. ⁹⁹mTc-LP-COOH was obtained in high radiolabelling yield and radiochemical purity, while ⁹⁹mTc(I)(CO)₃-LP-PEC was initially purified before being in vitro and in vivo evaluated. ⁹⁹mTc-LP-COOH was less stable in the presence of competitive for ⁹⁹mTc ligands than ⁹⁹mTc(I)(CO)₃-LP-PEC. According to DLS measurements, the presence of serum as well as the applied radiolabelling conditions did not affect the liposomes' size. The different radiolabelling methods seemed to exert an influence on the biodistribution pattern of the liposomes with the ⁹⁹mTc(I)(CO)₃-LP-PEC showing slow blood clearance, which was also confirmed by in vivo scintigraphic imaging. Nevertheless, passive tumor targeting was attained at a similar extent no matter which radiolabelling technique was followed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technological Educational Institute, Athens, Greece; Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Centre for Scientific Research NCSR "Demokritos", Athens, Greece. Electronic address: efrag@teiath.gr.
authors.forename: Eirini A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Fragogeorgi
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK.
authors.forename: Irina N
authors.initials: IN
authors.lastname: Savina
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Centre for Scientific Research NCSR "Demokritos", Athens, Greece; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technological Educational Institute, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Theodoros
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsotakos
authors.affiliation: Institute for Advanced Materials, Physicochemical Processes, Nanotechnology & Microsystems, NCSR "Demokritos", Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Elen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Efthimiadou
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Centre for Scientific Research NCSR "Demokritos", Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Stavros
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xanthopoulos
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technological Educational Institute, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Lazaros
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Palamaris
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technological Educational Institute, Athens, Greece; Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Centre for Scientific Research NCSR "Demokritos", Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Psimadas
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Centre for Scientific Research NCSR "Demokritos", Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Penelope
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bouziotis
authors.affiliation: Institute for Advanced Materials, Physicochemical Processes, Nanotechnology & Microsystems, NCSR "Demokritos", Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kordas
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK; School of Engineering, Nazarbaev University, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan.
authors.forename: Sergey
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mikhalovsky
authors.affiliation: Pharmidex Pharmaceutical Services Limited, London, UK.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alavijeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technological Educational Institute, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Loudos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry*; D008081:Liposomes; D051379:Mice; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism; D010316:Particle Size; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D017556:Technetium Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D008081:Liposomes; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D017556:Technetium Compounds; C543202:triaquatricarbonyltechnetium(I)
keywords: (99m)Tc; 1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PubChem CID: 94190); 1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy (polyethylene glycol)-2000] (PubChem CID: 406952); 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (PubChem CID: 15908); 2-Vinyl-pyridine (PubChem CID: 9521); Cholesterol (PubChem CID: 5997); Dimethylformamide (PubChem CID: 6228); Direct labeling; Passive targeting; Pegylated liposome; Scintigraphic imaging; Surface chelation labeling; Triethylamine (PubChem CID: 8471)