title: Comparison of the cardiorespiratory effects of a combination of ketamine and propofol, propofol alone, or a combination of ketamine and diazepam before and after induction of anesthesia in dogs sedated with acepromazine and oxymorphone.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the cardiorespiratory effects of IV administration of propofol (4 mg/kg), ketamine hydrochloride and propofol (2 mg/kg each; K-P), or ketamine hydrochloride (5 mg/kg) and diazepam (0.2 mg/kg; K-D) before and after induction of anesthesia (IoA) in dogs sedated with acepromazine maleate and oxymorphone hydrochloride.
  
  
  METHODS
  10 healthy adult Beagles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Each dog was randomly allocated to receive 2 of 3 treatments (1-week interval). For instrumentation prior to each treatment, each dog was anesthetized with isoflurane. After full recovery, acepromazine (0.02 mg/kg) and oxymorphone (0.05 mg/kg) were administered IV. Fifteen minutes later (before IoA), each dog received treatment IV with propofol, K-P, or K-D. Cardiorespiratory and arterial blood gas variables were assessed before, immediately after, and 5 minutes after IoA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with findings before IoA, dogs receiving the K-P or K-D treatment had increased cardiac output, oxygen delivery, and heart rate 5 minutes after IoA; K-P administration did not change mean arterial blood pressure or stroke volume and decreased systemic vascular resistance. Propofol decreased mean arterial blood pressure and systemic vascular resistance immediately after IoA but did not change heart rate, cardiac output, or oxygen delivery. All treatments caused some degree of apnea, hypoventilation, and hypoxemia (Pao2 < 80 mm Hg).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In dogs, K-P treatment maintained mean arterial blood pressure better than propofol alone and increased heart rate, cardiac output, or oxygen delivery, as did the K-D treatment. Supplemental 100% oxygen should be provided during IoA with all 3 treatments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061.
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Henao-Guerrero
authors.forename: Carolina H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Riccó
mesh_terms: D000075:Acepromazine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D000758:Anesthesia / Q000662:veterinary; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000187:drug effects*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003975:Diazepam / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D004285:Dogs / Q000502:physiology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects*; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007649:Ketamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D010111:Oxymorphone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000187:drug effects; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D000075:Acepromazine; D007649:Ketamine; D010111:Oxymorphone; D007530:Isoflurane; D003975:Diazepam; D015742:Propofol