title: Imaging and identification of waterborne parasites using a chip-scale microscope.
abstract: We demonstrate a compact portable imaging system for the detection of waterborne parasites in resource-limited settings. The previously demonstrated sub-pixel sweeping microscopy (SPSM) technique is a lens-less imaging scheme that can achieve high-resolution (<1 µm) bright-field imaging over a large field-of-view (5.7 mm×4.3 mm). A chip-scale microscope system, based on the SPSM technique, can be used for automated and high-throughput imaging of protozoan parasite cysts for the effective diagnosis of waterborne enteric parasite infection. We successfully imaged and identified three major types of enteric parasite cysts, Giardia, Cryptosporidium, and Entamoeba, which can be found in fecal samples from infected patients. We believe that this compact imaging system can serve well as a diagnostic device in challenging environments, such as rural settings or emergency outbreaks.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Seung Ah
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Division of Medical Parasitology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America.
authors.forename: Jessey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Erath
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America ; ePetri Inc., Pasadena, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Guoan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Xiaoze
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ou
authors.affiliation: ePetri Inc., Pasadena, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Phil
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Willems
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Division of Medical Parasitology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Eichinger
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Division of Medical Parasitology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America ; ePetri Inc., Pasadena, California, United States of America ; Department of Bioengineering, California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Changhuei
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003457:Cryptosporidiosis / Q000175:diagnosis; D003458:Cryptosporidium; D003560:Cysts / Q000175:diagnosis; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation; D004747:Entamoeba; D004749:Entamoebiasis / Q000175:diagnosis; D005872:Giardia; D005873:Giardiasis / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D056656:Lab-On-A-Chip Devices; D008853:Microscopy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D010272:Parasitic Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014871:Water Microbiology