title: A novel approach to drug development in heart failure: towards personalized medicine.
abstract: Evidence-based treatment has succeeded in improving clinical outcomes in heart failure. Nevertheless, morbidity, mortality, and the economic burden associated with the syndrome remain unsatisfactorily high. Most landmark heart failure studies included broad study populations, and thus current recommendations dictate standardized, universal therapy. While most patients included in recent trials benefit from this background treatment, exceeding this already significant gain has proven to be a challenge. The early identification of responders and nonresponders to treatment could result in improved therapeutic effectiveness, while reduction of unnecessary exposure may limit harmful and unpleasant side effects. In this review, we examine the potential value of currently available information on differential responses to heart failure therapy-a first step toward personalized medicine in the management of heart failure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Licette C Y
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: a.a.voors@umcg.nl.
authors.forename: Adriaan A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Voors
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Mattia A E
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Valente
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: van der Meer
mesh_terms: D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019468:Disease Management; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D057285:Precision Medicine / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D002317:Cardiovascular Agents