title: (31)P magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the breast and the influence of the menstrual cycle.
abstract: Phosphorus metabolite ratios are potential biomarkers in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment monitoring. Our purpose was to investigate the metabolite ratios phosphomonoester to phosphodiester, phosphoethanolamine (PE) to glycerophosphoethanolamine (GPE), and phosphocholine (PC) to glycerophosphocholine (GPC) in glandular breast tissue, and the potential effect of the menstrual cycle, using (31)P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) at 7T. Seven women with regular menstrual cycles each underwent four examinations using a 3D (31)P multi-echo magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging sequence. Peak integrals were assessed using IDL and JMRUI software. First, T2 relaxation times were calculated using multi-echo data pooled across subjects and time points. Subsequent, metabolite ratios were calculated for each phase of the menstrual cycle using the calculated T2 values to account for when combining the free induction decay and all five echoes. The metabolite ratios were calculated both on group level and individually. T2 decay fits resulted in a T2 relaxation time for PE of 154 ms (95 % CI 144-164), for PC of 173 ms (95 % CI 148-205), for Pi of 188 ms (95 % CI 182-193), for GPE of 48 ms (95 % CI 44-53), and for GPC of 23 ms (95 % CI 21-26). The metabolite ratios analyzed on group level showed negligible variation throughout the menstrual cycle. Individual results did show an apparent intra-individual variation; however, not significant due to the measurements' uncertainty. To conclude, phospholipids in glandular tissue as measured with (31)P MRS at 7 T are not significantly affected by the menstrual cycle.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Room E01.132, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, Netherlands, B.L.Stehouwer@umcutrecht.nl.
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Stehouwer
authors.forename: W J M
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: van der Kemp
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Luijten
authors.forename: M A A J
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: van den Bosch
authors.forename: W B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Veldhuis
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Wijnen
authors.forename: D W J
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Klomp
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001940:Breast / Q000378:metabolism*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000378:metabolism*; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010758:Phosphorus