title: An arabinogalactan from flowers of Chrysanthemum morifolium: structural and bioactivity studies.
abstract: A water-soluble polysaccharide (P2) with a molecular weight of 1.7×10(5)Da was isolated from the hot aqueous extract of flowers of the Chrysanthemum morifolium. It was homogeneous for there was only a symmetrical peak on the spectrum of high-performance gel permeation chromatography. Monosaccharide analysis revealed that P2 is an arabinogalactan containing arabinose (38.4% w/w), galactose (58.8% w/w), and glucose (2.8% w/w) in a ratio of 1:1.53:0.07. The GC-MS results of the derived alditol acetates from the permethylated P2 showed some separate peaks corresponding to (1→6)-linked Gal, (1→3,6)-linked Gal, terminal Ara, (1→5)-linked Ara, and (1→3,5)-linked Ara units in a molar ratio of nearly 1.12:1.90:1.84:0.35:0.12. Terminal Glc unit also existed in a trace amount. (1)H, (13)C, DEPT-135 and 2D NMR (including HMQC and HMBC), as well as graded acid hydrolysis experiment, indicated that the core structure features include a backbone chain consisting of (1→6)-linked and (1→3,6)-linked Galp residues. Side chains which were composed of terminal Glcp, terminal, (1→5)-linked and (1→3,5)-linked Araf residues were located at position 3. Additionally, P2 showed good immunological activity as it significantly enhanced splenocyte proliferation in relatively low 25 and 50μg/mL doses. However, P2 showed little effects of thymocyte proliferation, indicating that it may have two modes of action.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
authors.forename: Fengjie
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
authors.forename: Changfeng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
authors.forename: Zhengchun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China. Electronic address: cheyjpan@zju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yuanjiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Pan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001089:Arabinose / Q000737:chemistry; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D031202:Chrysanthemum / Q000737:chemistry*; D035264:Flowers / Q000737:chemistry*; D005685:Galactans / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D005690:Galactose / Q000737:chemistry; D006868:Hydrolysis; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D051379:Mice; D008970:Molecular Weight; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D060168:Thymocytes / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D005685:Galactans; D011134:Polysaccharides; D001089:Arabinose; C005653:arabinogalactan; D005690:Galactose
keywords: Arabinogalactan; Chrysanthemum morifolium; Immunological activity; NMR