title: Entrainment of spontaneous cerebral hemodynamic oscillations to behavioral responses.
abstract: Entrainment in physiological systems can be manifest in cases where phase-coupling (synchronization) between slow intrinsic oscillations and periodic motor responses, or vice versa, takes place. To test whether voluntary movement has something in common with entrainment of slow hemodynamic oscillations to motor responses, we studied blood pressure (BP), heart rate beat-to-beat intervals (RRI) and prefrontal (de)oxyhemoglobin (Hb/HbO2) during 5min of rest, 10min of self-paced, voluntary movements and 10min of stimulus-paced movements at 10s intervals in 9 subjects. Subjects were divided into 2 groups according to the timing of voluntary finger movements. It appeared that these movements occurred at relatively regular intervals of approximately 10s in 5 subjects (group A); while 4 subjects showed random or very short inter-movement intervals (group B). Two remarkable results were obtained: first, the phase coupling (COH(2)) between BP and RRI showed a significant (p=0.0061) interaction between activity (rest vs. movement) and group (A vs. B), with an increased (p=0.0003) coupling in group A. Second, the COH(2) between BP and Hb oscillations showed a significant (p=0.034) interaction between activity and group, with a decreased (p=0.079) coupling in group B. These results suggest that subjects able to initiate self-paced, voluntary movements at relatively regular intervals of ∼10s show an entrainment potential between physiological oscillations and motor responses. This also provides the first evidence that not only physiological oscillations can be entrained to motor responses, but also motor responses (voluntary movements) can be entrained to slow intrinsic oscillations.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Brain-Computer Interfaces, Institute for Knowledge Discovery, Graz University of Technology, Graz A-8010 Austria. Electronic address: pfurtscheller@tugraz.at.
authors.forename: Gert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pfurtscheller
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer Sciences and Documentation, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena 07743 Germany.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Walther
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Brain-Computer Interfaces, Institute for Knowledge Discovery, Graz University of Technology, Graz A-8010 Austria.
authors.forename: Günther
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bauernfeind
authors.affiliation: Brain and Behaviour Research Institute, School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Barry
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer Sciences and Documentation, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena 07743 Germany.
authors.forename: Herbert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Witte
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Brain-Computer Interfaces, Institute for Knowledge Discovery, Graz University of Technology, Graz A-8010 Austria.
authors.forename: Gernot R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Müller-Putz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000098:blood supply*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D005260:Female; D005385:Fingers / Q000502:physiology*; D006339:Heart Rate; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement; D010108:Oxyhemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D010507:Periodicity; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D010108:Oxyhemoglobins
keywords: (De)Oxyhemoglobin oscillations; Blood pressure oscillations; Entrainment; Resting state; Voluntary movement