title: [Using fractional polynomials to estimate the safety threshold of fluoride in drinking water].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the dose-response relationship between fluoride content in drinking water and prevalence of dental fluorosis on the national scale, then to determine the safety threshold of fluoride in drinking water.
  
  
  METHODS
  Meta-regression analysis was applied to the 2001-2002 national endemic fluorosis survey data of key wards. First, fractional polynomial (FP) was adopted to establish fixed effect model, determining the best FP structure, after that restricted maximum likelihood (REML) was adopted to estimate between-study variance, then the best random effect model was established.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The best FP structure was first-order logarithmic transformation. Based on the best random effect model, the benchmark dose (BMD) of fluoride in drinking water and its lower limit (BMDL) was calculated as 0.98 mg/L and 0.78 mg/L. Fluoride in drinking water can only explain 35.8% of the variability of the prevalence, among other influencing factors, ward type was a significant factor, while temperature condition and altitude were not.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fractional polynomial-based meta-regression method is simple, practical and can provide good fitting effect, based on it, the safety threshold of fluoride in drinking water of our country is determined as 0.8 mg/L.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China. panshenling@163.com
authors.forename: Shenling
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: An
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
authors.forename: Hongyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005459:Fluorides / Q000032:analysis*; D009050:Fluorosis, Dental / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D015995:Prevalence; D012044:Regression Analysis; D060753:Water Quality
chemical_list: D060766:Drinking Water; D005459:Fluorides