title: An association between Helicobacter pylori and upper respiratory tract disease: fact or fiction?
abstract: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a major cause of chronic gastritis and gastric ulcers and considerable evidence supports the notion that infection with this bacterium is also associated with gastric malignancy in addition to various other conditions including pulmonary, vascular and autoimmune disorders. Gastric juice infected with H. pylori might play an important role in upper respiratory tract infection. Although direct and/or indirect mechanisms might be involved in the association between H. pylori and upper respiratory tract diseases, the etiological role of H. pylori in upper respiratory tract disorders has not yet been fully elucidated. Although various studies over the past two decades have suggested a relationship between H. pylori and upper respiratory tract diseases, the findings are inconsistent. The present overview describes the outcomes of recent investigations into the impact of H. pylori on upper respiratory tract and adjacent lesions.
authors.affiliation: Shin Kariya, Mitsuhiro Okano, Kazunori Nishizaki, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Shin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kariya
authors.affiliation: Shin Kariya, Mitsuhiro Okano, Kazunori Nishizaki, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsuhiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okano
authors.affiliation: Shin Kariya, Mitsuhiro Okano, Kazunori Nishizaki, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishizaki
mesh_terms: D000234:Adenoids / Q000382:microbiology; D000818:Animals; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000382:microbiology; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia / Q000382:microbiology; D007830:Larynx / Q000382:microbiology; D009059:Mouth Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000382:microbiology; D010614:Pharynx / Q000382:microbiology; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000382:microbiology; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000382:microbiology; D014069:Tonsillitis / Q000382:microbiology
keywords: Adenoid; Cancer; Ear; Larynx; Oral cavity; Paranasal sinus; Pharynx; Upper respiratory tract