title: The delayed-release combination of doxylamine and pyridoxine (Diclegis®/Diclectin ®) for the treatment of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy.
abstract: Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) affects up to 85 % of all pregnancies. Effective treatment can greatly improve a woman's quality of life, reduce the risk for maternal and fetal complications, and reduce healthcare costs. Unfortunately, many women receive either no pharmacological treatment or are recommended therapies for which fetal safety and efficacy have not been established. First-line treatment of NVP, as recommended by several leading healthcare and professional organizations, is the combination of doxylamine and pyridoxine. This combination, formulated as a 10 mg/10 mg delayed-release tablet, was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of NVP in April 2013 under the brand name Diclegis(®), and has been on the Canadian market since 1979, currently under the brand name Diclectin(®). The efficacy of Diclegis(®)/Diclectin(®) has been demonstrated in several clinical trials, and, more importantly, studies on more than 200,000 women exposed to doxylamine and pyridoxine in the first trimester of pregnancy have demonstrated no increased fetal risk for congenital malformations and other adverse pregnancy outcomes. The present review aims to present the scientific evidence on the effectiveness and fetal safety of Diclegis(®)/Diclectin(®) for the treatment of NVP to justify its use as first-line treatment for NVP.
authors.affiliation: The Motherisk Program, Division of Clinical Pharmacology/Toxicology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, svetlana.madjunkova@sickkids.ca.
authors.forename: Svetlana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Madjunkova
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maltepe
authors.forename: Gideon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Koren
mesh_terms: D000932:Antiemetics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004025:Dicyclomine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004319:Doxylamine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009325:Nausea / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011736:Pyridoxine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014839:Vomiting / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000932:Antiemetics; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004338:Drug Combinations; C004454:dicyclomine, doxylamine, pyridoxine drug combination; D004025:Dicyclomine; D004319:Doxylamine; D011736:Pyridoxine