title: Third-generation cephalosporin resistance of community-onset Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremia in a secondary hospital.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To enable appropriate antimicrobial treatment for community-onset infections in emergency departments (EDs), data are needed on the resistance profiles of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, which are the main pathogens of community-onset bacteremia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Records were reviewed of 734 patients with E. coli and K. pneumoniae bacteremia who visited the Daegu Fatima Hospital ED, Daegu, Korea between 2003 and 2009. We investigated the demographic data, clinical findings, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the organisms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 1,208 cases of community-onset bacteremia, 62.8% were caused by E. coli or K. pneumoniae in an ED of a secondary care hospital. Five hundred and forty-eight cases of E. coli (75%) and 183 cases of K. pneumoniae (25%) were analyzed. Urinary tract infection (43.1%) was most common, followed by intra-abdominal infection (39%) and pneumonia (7.2%). Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, fluoroquinolone, third-generation cephalosporin (3GC) and amikacin resistance rates among E. coli and K. pneumoniae were 22.8%, 19.6%, 6.2%, and 1.3%, respectively. In 2009, the rate of 3GC resistance (10.6%) was significantly higher, compared to the annual averages of 2003 to 2008 (6.1%; p = 0.03). Previous exposure to antibiotics was an independent risk factor for 3GC resistance in multivariate logistic regression analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The rate of 3GC resistance increased in community-onset infections, and previous exposure to antibiotics was an independent risk factor. Despite the increased 3GC resistance in community-onset infections, an amikacin combination therapy could provide an option for treatment of bacteremic patients with previous antibiotic exposure in an ED.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Shinwon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Seung Woo
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Kun Woo
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Do Young
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Ki Tae
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Kwon
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D018550:Cephalosporin Resistance; D017714:Community-Acquired Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007711:Klebsiella pneumoniae / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D063728:Secondary Care Centers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
keywords: Bacteremia; Emergency department; Escherichia coli; Klebsiella pneumonia; Secondary hospital