title: Major components of metabolic syndrome and adiponectin levels: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adiponectin is a major regulator of glucose and lipid homeostasis by its insulin sensitizer properties. Since decreased insulin sensitivity is linked to metabolic syndrome (MS), decreased adiponectin levels may be related to its development. The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between adiponectin levels and MS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Firstly, we cross-sectionally examined subjects with or without MS submitted to an oral glucose tolerance test at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (n = 172). A replication analysis was performed in subjects (n = 422) undergoing cardiac angiography at Hospital São Paulo. Subchronic inflammation (US-CRP), coagulation marker (fibrinogen), insulin sensitivity and resistance (Matsuda ISI and HOMA-IR) were estimated. Plasma total and high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total and HMW adiponectin levels were lower in MS subjects (P < 0.05). Total adiponectin levels were lower in the presence of high waist circumference, low HDL-cholesterol and elevated triglyceride criteria in both samples and by elevated blood pressure and glucose criteria in Porto Alegre. HMW adiponectin levels were lower in the presence of low HDL-cholesterol, elevated triglycerides, and glucose criteria. Total adiponectin levels were positively related with HDL-cholesterol and ISI Matsuda, negatively related with waist circumference, glucose, triglycerides, HOMA-IR, and US-CRP and not related with blood pressure. While adjusting for sex and age, increased adiponectin levels remained associated with a reduced prevalence ratio for MS in both cohorts (P = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adiponectin levels decreased with increasing number of MS criteria, and it is in part determined by its relationship with HDL, triglycerides and abdominal adiposity.
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduate Endocrinology Program, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil. anize.frankenberg@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Anize D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: von Frankenberg
authors.forename: Filipe V
authors.initials: FV
authors.lastname: do Nascimento
authors.forename: Lucas Eduardo
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Gatelli
authors.forename: Bárbara L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Nedel
authors.forename: Sheila P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: Carolina Sv
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Saddi-Rosa
authors.forename: André F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.forename: Luis H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Canani
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gerchman