title: The relationships between cardiovascular disease and diabetes: focus on pathogenesis.
abstract: There is a looming global epidemic of obesity and diabetes. Of all the end-organ effects caused by diabetes, the cardiovascular system is particularly susceptible to the biologic perturbations caused by this disease, and many patients may die from diabetes-related cardiovascular complications. Substantial progress has been made in understanding the pathobiology of the diabetic vasculature and heart. Clinical studies have illuminated the optimal way to treat patients with cardiovascular manifestations of this disease. This article reviews these aspects of diabetes and the cardiovascular system, broadly classified into diabetic vascular disease, diabetic cardiomyopathy, and the clinical management of the diabetic cardiovascular disease patient.
authors.affiliation: Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1030, New York, NY 10029, USA; Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Cardiovascular Health Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1030, New York, NY 10029, USA.
authors.forename: Jason C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Kovacic
authors.affiliation: Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1030, New York, NY 10029, USA; Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Cardiovascular Health Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1030, New York, NY 10029, USA.
authors.forename: Jose M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Castellano
authors.affiliation: Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1030, New York, NY 10029, USA; Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Cardiovascular Health Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1030, New York, NY 10029, USA; Peter Munk Cardiac Centre and Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, Cardiovascular Research, University of Toronto, MaRS Building 101 College Street, 3rd Floor, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Farkouh
authors.affiliation: Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1030, New York, NY 10029, USA; Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Cardiovascular Health Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1030, New York, NY 10029, USA; The Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3.Código Postal 28029, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: valentin.fuster@mountsinai.org.
authors.forename: Valentin
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fuster
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000191:economics / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000191:economics / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000191:economics / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans
keywords: Cardiovascular disease; Diabetes; Diabetic cardiomyopathy; Obesity