title: Characterization of 3-phosphoglycerate kinase from Corynebacterium glutamicum and its impact on amino acid production.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Corynebacterium glutamicum cg1790/pgk encodes an enzyme active as a 3-phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) (EC 2.7.2.3) catalyzing phosphoryl transfer from 1,3-biphosphoglycerate (bPG) to ADP to yield 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PG) and ATP in substrate chain phosphorylation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  C. glutamicum 3-phosphoglycerate kinase was purified to homogeneity from the soluble fraction of recombinant E. coli. PGK(His) was found to be active as a homodimer with molecular weight of 104 kDa. The enzyme preferred conditions of pH 7.0 to 7.4 and required Mg²⁺ for its activity. PGK(His) is thermo labile and it has shown maximal activity at 50-65°C. The maximal activity of PGK(His) was estimated to be 220 and 150 U mg-1 with KM values of 0.26 and 0.11 mM for 3-phosphoglycerate and ATP, respectively. A 3-phosphoglycerate kinase negative C. glutamicum strain ∆pgk was constructed and shown to lack the ability to grow under glycolytic or gluconeogenic conditions unless PGK was expressed from a plasmid to restore growth. When pgk was overexpressed in L-arginine and L-ornithine production strains the production increased by 8% and by 17.5%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Unlike many bacterial PGKs, C. glutamicum PGK is active as a homodimer. PGK is essential for growth of C. glutamicum with carbon sources requiring glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. Competitive inhibition by ADP reveals the critical role of PGK in gluconeogenesis by energy charge. Pgk overexpression improved the productivity in L-arginine and L-ornithine production strains.
authors.forename: Gajendar Komati
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.affiliation: Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology & CeBiTec, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld 33615, Germany. volker.wendisch@uni-bielefeld.de.
authors.forename: Volker F
authors.initials: VF
authors.lastname: Wendisch
mesh_terms: D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D003067:Coenzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D048230:Corynebacterium glutamicum / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D004163:Diphosphoglyceric Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D004795:Enzyme Stability; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics; D017353:Gene Deletion; D006019:Glycolysis; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007700:Kinetics; D008274:Magnesium / Q000378:metabolism; D008970:Molecular Weight; D010735:Phosphoglycerate Kinase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D055503:Protein Multimerization; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D003067:Coenzymes; D004163:Diphosphoglyceric Acids; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C015891:glycerate 1,3-biphosphate; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate; D010735:Phosphoglycerate Kinase; D008274:Magnesium