title: The inhibitory effect of anthocyanins on Akt on invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition is not associated with the anti-EGFR effect of the anthocyanins.
abstract: Evidence suggests that anthocyanins inhibit EGFR and Akt activity. However, it is still unknown whether the inhibitory effect of anthocyanins on Akt is associated with the anti-EGFR effect. The effect of anthocyanins on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has not been extensively studied. Therefore, we investigated the effects of anthocyanins from fruits of Vitis coignetiae Pulliat (AIMs) on EGF-induced EMT and the underlying molecular mechanisms. AIMs suppressed the invasion of A549 cells in a dose-dependent manner. AIMs inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt and EGFR, but the inhibitory effect on Akt was not derived from EGFR. EGF re-induced Akt phosphorylation at Thr308 in the AIM-treated cells, but not Akt phosphorylation at Ser473. AIMs also inhibited EMT of cancer cells. AIMs inhibited glycogen synthase kinase-3β phosphorylation and β-catenin expression that are invovled in EMT. We confirmed these findings with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. In conclusion, these data suggest that the inhibitory effect of AIMs on Akt activity is independent of EGFR, and that AIMs suppressed invasion and migration at least in part by suppressing EMT by inhibiting Akt activity as well as EGFR. This study provides evidence that AIMs may have anticancer effects on human cancer cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jing Nan
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Won Sup
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Min Jeong
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Mi
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Radiotherapy, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hye Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Oriental Medicine and Anti-Aging Research Center and Blue-Bio Industry RIC, Dongeui University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yung Hyun
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Gon-Sup
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21 Program), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Chung Ho
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Chul
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Shin
mesh_terms: D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D058750:Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition / Q000187:drug effects*; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt