title: Anemia in adenine-induced chronic renal failure and the influence of treatment with gum acacia thereon.
abstract: Anemia frequently complicates chronic kidney disease (CKD). We investigated here the effect of adenine-induced CKD in rats on erythrocyte count (EC), hematocrit (PCV) and hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, as well as on the activity of L-gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and the concentrations of iron (Fe), transferrin (Tf), ferritin (F), total iron binding capacity (TIBC) / unsaturated iron binding capacity (UIBC) and hepcidin (Hp) in serum and erythropoietin (Epo) in renal tissue. Renal damage was assessed histopathologically, and also by measuring the serum concentrations of the uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate (IS), creatinine, and urea, and by creatinine clearance. We also assessed the influence of concomitant treatment with gum acacia (GA) on the above analytes. Adenine feeding induced CKD, accompanied by significant decreases (P<0.05) in EC, PCV, and Hb, and in the serum concentrations of Fe, Tf, TIBC, UIBC and Epo. It also increased Hp and F levels. GA significantly ameliorated these changes in rats with CKD. A general improvement in the renal status of rats with CKD after GA is shown due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant actions, and reduction of the uremic toxin IS, which is known to suppress Epo production, and this may be a reason for its ameliorative actions on the indices of anemia studied.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khod, Oman. alibadreldin@hotmail.com and akthmali@squ.edu.om.
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Al Za'abi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ramkumar
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yasin
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nemmar
mesh_terms: D000225:Adenine; D000740:Anemia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000818:Animals; D006170:Gum Arabic / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008517:Phytotherapy; D011897:Random Allocation; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D006170:Gum Arabic; D000225:Adenine