title: A cross-sectional study of the beliefs and attitudes towards menstruation of Chinese undergraduate males and females in Hong Kong.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the beliefs and attitudes towards menstruation of Chinese undergraduates in Hong Kong and to compare those of (1) male and female undergraduates with those of (2) undergraduates studying health-related vs. nonhealth-related programmes.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Menstruation is typically viewed as a forbidden topic or a troublesome experience. These negative beliefs and attitudes result from existing myths and taboos associated with cultural factors and health education levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional survey was conducted in all universities in Hong Kong. Undergraduates were invited through convenience sampling to complete a questionnaire assessing their attitudes and beliefs towards menstruation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A questionnaire on 'beliefs about and attitudes towards menstruation' was adopted. Questionnaires were self-administered by the respondents.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 450 questionnaires were distributed, and a response rate of 96.6% was obtained; 416 completed questionnaires were collected and analysed. Many Chinese undergraduates agreed that menstruation is annoying, causes disability, involves prescription and proscription and is not pleasant. When comparing the beliefs and attitudes towards menstruation of Chinese male undergraduates with those of female undergraduates, females tended to disagree that menstruation should be maintained secret, but tended to agree that it was annoying. When comparing the beliefs and attitudes towards menstruation of Chinese undergraduates studying health-related programmes with those under nonhealth-related programmes, the latter group exhibited a higher level of belief in prescription and proscription for menstruation than the former group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chinese undergraduates in Hong Kong were influenced by the traditional Chinese culture and social environment, resulting in negative attitudes towards menstruation. This study recommends that sex education, especially reproductive health education, be extended to tertiary education.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides relevant information on planning the content of sex education or reproductive health education for Chinese undergraduates.
authors.affiliation: The Open University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Wing Chi
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Mei Kuen
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Wai Ying Veronica
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Yuen Yu
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Chi Hung Sandra
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Fong
authors.forename: Ka Wah Kara
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: Wun Chi
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Sham
authors.forename: Ping Ping
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: So
authors.forename: Kit
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Kuen Ha
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Yeung
authors.forename: Tsz Yan
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Yeung
mesh_terms: D001294:Attitude to Health; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006723:Hong Kong; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008598:Menstruation / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: Chinese culture; attitudes; beliefs; menstruation; nursing students; reproductive health education; sex education; sexual health