title: Electronic measurement of medication adherence.
abstract: The measurement of medication adherence is important in both clinical practice and research settings to offer effective medical therapy, improve clinical outcomes, and determine the efficacy of therapy. The aims of this article are to (a) present an overview of current and developing electronic methods of medication measurement, (b) explore the advantages and disadvantages to each approach, and (c) discuss the implications of using electronic monitoring devices for clinical practice and research. A comprehensive review of electronic forms of medication measurement was performed. A description of each method is presented including oral medication monitors, personal electronic devices, electronic blisters, wirelessly observed therapy, inhaled medication monitors, mobile phones, video/photo-assisted observation, and electronic health records. Familiarity with using electronic devices and advances in technology will continue to develop and influence the measurement of medication adherence.
authors.affiliation: San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, USA University of California, San Francisco, USA linda.park@ucsf.edu.
authors.forename: Linda G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: University of California, San Francisco, USA.
authors.forename: Jill
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Howie-Esquivel
authors.affiliation: University of California, San Francisco, USA.
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dracup
mesh_terms: D016903:Drug Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D004582:Electronics, Medical; D006801:Humans; D055118:Medication Adherence
keywords: electronic monitoring device; measurement; medication; medication adherence