title: Whole-body single-frequency bioimpedance analysis in pediatric hemodialysis patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We hypothesized that the percent change in resistance (%RΔ) from bioimpedance analysis (BIA) measurements during hemodialysis (HD) can provide information on pediatric HD patients' hydration status.
  
  
  METHODS
  Whole-body single-frequency BIA measurements were obtained before HD, each hour on HD, and after HD during two HD sessions. Pre-and post-HD weights, blood pressures, Crit-Line® measurements, and intradialytic symptoms were collected on the day of the BIA measurements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and thirty BIA measurements were obtained from 14 HD patients. The group was 43 % girls, and the mean age was 13.2 ± 4.4 years. Percent change in resistance was 13.5 ± 10.8 % at the end of HD; %RΔ correlated with percent body weight change (%BWΔ) following HD (r = -0.83, P < 0.01), as well as with percent blood volume change (%BVΔ) (r = -0.79, P < 0.01). The %RΔ was similar between patients with and without hypertension immediately before HD and was greater in those with intradialytic symptoms (19.1 ± 7.7 %) than in those without (9.9 ± 11.2 %) (P = 0.02). Patients with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) had lower %RΔ (7.2 ± 9.7 %) than those without (19.5 ± 7.7 %) (P = 0.03). Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) also correlated strongly with %RΔ (r = -0.79, P = 0.004) and %BWΔ (r = 0.82, P = 0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study showed that %RΔ strongly correlates with %BWΔ and %BVΔ and that %RΔ also correlated with intradialytic symptoms and LVMI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Room G306, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA, gjoh@stanford.edu.
authors.forename: Gia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Brandy
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Begin
authors.forename: Kari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Salsbery
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sutherland
authors.forename: Abanti
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chaudhuri
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D001834:Body Water / Q000502:physiology; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017097:Electric Impedance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000473:pathology; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance / Q000502:physiology