title: Cortical morphology changes in women with borderline personality disorder: a multimodal approach.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a devastating condition that causes intense disruption of patients' lives and relationships. Proper understanding of BPD neurobiology could help provide the basis for earlier and effective interventions. As neuroimaging studies of patients with BPD are still scarce, volumetric and geometric features of the cortical structure were assessed to ascertain whether structural cortical alterations are present in BPD patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five female outpatients with BPD underwent psychiatric evaluation (SCID-I and II) and a 1.5 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain scan. The control group comprised 25 healthy age-matched females. Images were processed with the FreeSurfer package, which allows analysis of cortical morphology with more detailed descriptions of volumetric and geometric features of cortical structure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with controls, BPD patients exhibited significant cortical abnormalities in the fronto-limbic and paralimbic regions of both hemispheres.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Significant morphologic abnormalities were observed in patients with BPD on comparison with a healthy control group through a multimodal approach. This study highlights the involvement of regions associated with mood regulation, impulsivity, and social behavior in BPD patients and presents a new approach for further investigation through a method of structural analysis based on distinct and simultaneous volumetric and geometric parameters.
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São PauloSP, Brazil, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LiNC), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thabata B de
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Araujo
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São PauloSP, Brazil, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LiNC), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gerardo M de
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Araujo Filho
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São PauloSP, Brazil, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LiNC), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: João R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São PauloSP, Brazil, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LiNC), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Celia M de
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Araújo
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São PauloSP, Brazil, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LiNC), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cláudio M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Lisondo
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São PauloSP, Brazil, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LiNC), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Henrique
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Carrete
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São PauloSP, Brazil, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LiNC), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alvaro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ancona
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São PauloSP, Brazil, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LiNC), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Katia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São PauloSP, Brazil, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LiNC), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodrigo A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Bressan
authors.affiliation: Outpatient Clinic for Personality Disorders (AMBORDER), Department of Psychiatry, UNIFESP, São PauloSP, Brazil, Outpatient Clinic for Personality Disorders (AMBORDER), Department of Psychiatry, UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Julieta F R da
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São PauloSP, Brazil, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LiNC), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Andrea P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Jackowski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001883:Borderline Personality Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D064847:Multimodal Imaging; D059906:Neuroimaging; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D009929:Organ Size; D012016:Reference Values; D055815:Young Adult