title: Early decrease of insulin sensitivity in offspring of individuals with type 2 diabetes. The Mexican Diabetes Prevention Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Defects in insulin sensitivity (IS) and insulin secretion have been recognized as risk factors for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its complications. We undertook this study to establish the relationship between healthy type 2 diabetic offspring (OFD) from a Mexican population with IS.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 602 Mexican subjects, 359 first-degree offspring of T2D (OFD+) and 243 first-degree non-offspring of T2D (OFD-) were classified as young adults (age range, 18-44 years) and middle-aged adults (age range, 45-65 years). Groups were clinically and biochemically characterized. Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) was used to estimate IS and the homeostasis model assessment B (HOMA-B) was used to estimate B cell function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IS decreased significantly (p <0.05) in OFD+ middle-aged (QUICKI 0.330 ± 0.03) compared with OFD- (0. 370 ± 0.03). Middle-aged adults (OFD+) had the highest prevalence of increased fasting insulin levels (FIL) (13.6%) and decreased IS (22.9%) compared with OFD- groups (3.2%). A binary regression analysis showed the association of OFD+ with increased FIL (odds ratio [OR], 3.71; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.68-8.2; p = 0.001), and QUICKI (OR, 10.87; 95% CI, 2.36-44.69; p <0.01) adjusted by gender, age, and obesity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that decreased IS itself could be recognized as one of the earliest detectable abnormalities in middle-aged adults. Moreover, prevalence increases with age and is associated with type 2 diabetic offspring, regardless of obesity.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Investigación en Fisiopatología de Enfermedades Crónicas, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente (CIBIOR), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Atlixco, Puebla, Mexico; Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Mexico. Electronic address: rycardoperez@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pérez-Fuentes
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Mexico.
authors.forename: Blanca G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Baez-Duarte
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Mexico.
authors.forename: Irma
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Zamora-Ginez
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Mexico.
authors.forename: Guadalupe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Vivanco
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Investigación en Fisiopatología de Enfermedades Crónicas, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente (CIBIOR), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Atlixco, Puebla, Mexico.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pulido-Pérez
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Investigación en Fisiopatología de Enfermedades Crónicas, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente (CIBIOR), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Atlixco, Puebla, Mexico.
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nieva-Vázquez
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Mexico.
authors.forename: M Elba
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Mejia
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Mexico.
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Torres-Rasgado
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000503:physiopathology; D015995:Prevalence; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin
keywords: Family history; Insulin sensitivity; Type 2 diabetes