title: Effects of pre-sleep media use on sleep/wake patterns and daytime functioning among adolescents: the moderating role of parental control.
abstract: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the influence of media use in the hour before bedtime on sleep/wake patterns and daytime functioning among adolescents and to examine the moderating role of parental control. A total of 1,926 Belgian students, 55% girls and 45% boys, with a mean age of 16.9 ± 1.5 years, completed a modified version of the School Sleep Habits Survey. Correlational analyses showed that media use, except television viewing, was associated with later bedtimes and longer sleep latencies. Cell phone and computer usage was negatively associated with daytime functioning. On schooldays, parental control had a moderating effect on the relationship between bedtime and computer use (β = .05; p < .05) and between bedtime and mp3 player use (β = .08; p < .01). During the weekend, parental control played a moderating role between bedtime and television viewing (β = .06; p = .01). As media use can influence the sleep of adolescents considerably, parental control is necessary to regulate the exposure of adolescents to media and to moderate the detrimental effect of media use on sleep.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biological Psychology Vrije Universiteit Brussel.
authors.forename: Delphine
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pieters
authors.forename: Elke
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: De Valck
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vandekerckhove
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pirrera
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wuyts
authors.forename: Vasileios
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Exadaktylos
authors.forename: Bart
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Haex
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Michiels
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Verbraecken
authors.forename: Raymond
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cluydts
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology; D001530:Belgium; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D003146:Communications Media / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D016487:Parenting; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000150:complications*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013334:Students; D013997:Time Factors