title: Risk factors for incident dementia after stroke and transient ischemic attack.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We hypothesized that chronic brain changes are important substrates for incident dementia after stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA).
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared clinical and imaging features between patients with consecutive stroke/TIA with (n = 88) and without (n = 925) incident dementia at 3 to 6 months after a stroke/TIA. Pittsburg compound B (PiB) positron emission tomography was performed in 50 patients, including those with (n = 37) and without (n = 13) incident dementia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Age, history of diabetes mellitus, severity of white matter changes (WMCs), and medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTLA) were associated with incident dementia. Alzheimer's disease (AD)--like PiB retention was found in 29.7% and 7.7% (P = .032) of patients with and without incident dementia, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chronic brain changes including WMCs, MTLA, and AD pathology are associated with incident dementia after stroke/TIA. Interventions targeting these chronic brain changes may reduce burden of vascular cognitive impairment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China; Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Studies, d Center for Psychosocial Health and Aging, The Hong Kong Institute of Education, Tai-po, Hong Kong SAR, China; Center for Psychosocial Health and Aging, The Hong Kong Institute of Education, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Zhaolu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Wenyan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Au
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Yunyun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.affiliation: Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Winnie W C
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Eric Y L
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Sirong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Anne Y Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Alexander Y L
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ip
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Yannie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Soo
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Chi L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Lawrence K S
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China. Electronic address: vctmok@cuhk.edu.hk.
authors.forename: Vincent C T
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Mok
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000814:Aniline Compounds; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003704:Dementia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D059906:Neuroimaging / Q000379:methods; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D013844:Thiazoles; D066127:White Matter / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: C475519:2-(4'-(methylamino)phenyl)-6-hydroxybenzothiazole; D000814:Aniline Compounds; D015415:Biomarkers; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D013844:Thiazoles
keywords: Brain atrophy; PiB-PET; Poststroke dementia; Transient ischemic attack; Vascular cognitive impairment