title: Synergistic effects of bioremediation and electrokinetics in the remediation of petroleum-contaminated soil.
abstract: The present study evaluated the coupling interactions between bioremediation (BIO) and electrokinetics (EK) in the remediation of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) by using bio-electrokinetics (BIO-EK) with a rotatory 2-D electric field. The results demonstrated an obvious positive correlation between the degradation extents of TPH and electric intensity both in the EK and BIO-EK tests. The use of BIO-EK showed a significant improvement in degradation of TPH as compared to BIO or EK alone. The actual degradation curve in BIO-EK tests fitted well with the simulated curve obtained by combining the degradation curves in BIO- and EK-only tests during the first 60 d, indicating a superimposed effect of biological degradation and electrochemical stimulation. The synergistic effect was particularly expressed during the later phase of the experiment, concurrent with changes in the microbial community structure. The community composition changed mainly according to the duration of the electric field, leading to a reduction in diversity. No significant spatial shifts in microbial community composition and bacterial numbers were detected among different sampling positions. Soil pH was uniform during the experimental process, soil temperature showed no variations between the soil chambers with and without an electric field.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China. Electronic address: shuhaiguo@iae.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Shuhai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Ruijuan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.
authors.forename: Tingting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: KWR Watercycle Research Institute, 3433 PE Nieuwegein, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Niels
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hartog
authors.affiliation: Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.
authors.forename: Fengmei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Shenyang University, Shenyang 110014, China.
authors.forename: Xuelian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques; D004566:Electrodes; D006838:Hydrocarbons / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D010578:Petroleum / Q000378:metabolism*; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D006838:Hydrocarbons; D010578:Petroleum; D012989:Soil Pollutants
keywords: Bioremediation; Electrochemical stimulation; Electrokinetics; Microbial community; Total petroleum hydrocarbons