title: Transcripts of anthocyanidin reductase and leucoanthocyanidin reductase and measurement of catechin and epicatechin in tartary buckwheat.
abstract: Anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) and leucoanthocyanidin reductase (LAR) play an important role in the monomeric units biosynthesis of proanthocyanidins (PAs) such as catechin and epicatechin in several plants. The aim of this study was to clone ANR and LAR genes involved in PAs biosynthesis and examine the expression of these two genes in different organs under different growth conditions in two tartary buckwheat cultivars, Hokkai T8 and T10. Gene expression was carried out by quantitative real-time RT-PCR, and catechin and epicatechin content was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. The expression pattern of ANR and LAR did not match the accumulation pattern of PAs in different organs of two cultivars. Epicatechin content was the highest in the flowers of both cultivars and it was affected by light in only Hokkai T8 sprouts. ANR and LAR levels in tartary buckwheat might be regulated by different mechanisms for catechin and epicatechin biosynthesis under light and dark conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yeon Bok
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Aye Aye
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Thwe
authors.affiliation: Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yeji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Xiaohua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Woong
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Suwon, San 2-2 Wauri Bongdameup, Hwasung 445-743, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Phun Bum
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mariadhas
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Valan Arasu
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Naif
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Abdullah Al-Dhabi
authors.affiliation: Department of Bio-Environmental Chemistry, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sun-Ju
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Sapporo 062-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Tastsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Department of Business Administration, Sahmyook University, Hwarangro 815, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-742, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kwang
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hyun Jho
authors.affiliation: Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Un
authors.initials: SU
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000378:metabolism*; D001483:Base Sequence; D053898:Biosynthetic Pathways / Q000235:genetics*; D002392:Catechin / Q000032:analysis* / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D019295:Computational Biology; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D019612:Fagopyrum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009247:NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases / Q000235:genetics*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D002392:Catechin; D009247:NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases