title: L-carvone induces p53, caspase 3 mediated apoptosis and inhibits the migration of breast cancer cell lines.
abstract: A wide variety of natural compounds exists that possesses significant cytotoxic as well as chemopreventive activity through induction of apoptosis in cancer cells. The antiproliferative and apoptotic effect of L-carvone, an active component of spearmint (Mentha spicata) was studied on breast cancer (MCF 7 and MDA MB 231) and normal (MCF 10A) cell lines, and insight into its mechanism of action was attained. L-carvone inhibited proliferation of MCF 7 (IC50 1.2 mM) and MDA MB 231 cells (IC50 1.0 mM) and inhibited the migration of breast cancer cell lines. L-carvone induced apoptosis as observed by nuclei fragmentation and the presence of apoptotic bodies in DAPI, AnnexinV/propidium iodide, and TUNEL assays. L-carvone exposure arrested MCF 7 cells in S phase of the cell cycle. DNA damage caused by L-carvone was apparent from the increased tail moment in COMET assay, which could be induced by an increase in ROS that was measured using a fluorescence probe. Glutathione levels were also increased. The increased level of p53, Bad, cleaved caspase 3, and cleaved PARP explained p53 and caspase-mediated apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: a Biochemistry Department, B. R. Doshi School of Biosciences , Sardar Patel University , Vallabh Vidyanagar , Gujarat , India.
authors.forename: Pinaki B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Vasudev R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Thakkar
mesh_terms: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor / Q000187:drug effects; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D000081005:Cyclohexane Monoterpenes; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D061986:MCF-7 Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D000081005:Cyclohexane Monoterpenes; D039821:Monoterpenes; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C495901:TP53 protein, human; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; C006923:carvone; D053148:Caspase 3; D005978:Glutathione