title: Functional gene group analysis indicates no role for heterotrimeric G proteins in cognitive ability.
abstract: Previous functional gene group analyses implicated common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in heterotrimeric G protein coding genes as being associated with differences in human intelligence. Here, we sought to replicate this finding using five independent cohorts of older adults including current IQ and childhood IQ, and using both gene- and SNP-based analytic strategies. No significant associations were found between variation in heterotrimeric G protein genes and intelligence in any cohort at either of the two time points. These results indicate that, whereas G protein systems are important in cognition, common genetic variation in these genes is unlikely to be a substantial influence on human intelligence differences.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: W David
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.affiliation: Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Complex Trait Genetics, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Computing and Information Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Christiaan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: de Leeuw
authors.affiliation: Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Gail
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.affiliation: Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: David Cherry McLachlan
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Liewald
authors.affiliation: Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Payton
authors.affiliation: Public Health Nutrition Group, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Leone C A
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Craig
authors.affiliation: Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Lawrence J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Whalley
authors.affiliation: Centre for Clinical and Cognitive Neurosciences, Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Horan
authors.affiliation: Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ollier
authors.affiliation: Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Starr
authors.affiliation: Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pendleton
authors.affiliation: Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Complex Trait Genetics, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Sophia Child Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Danielle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Posthuma
authors.affiliation: Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Timothy C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Bates
authors.affiliation: Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Ian J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Deary
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003071:Cognition; D005260:Female; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D020962:Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007360:Intelligence / Q000235:genetics*; D007361:Intelligence Tests; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
chemical_list: D020962:Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins