title: Osteopathic manipulative therapy induces early plasma cytokine release and mobilization of a population of blood dendritic cells.
abstract: It has been claimed that osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) is able to enhance the immune response of individuals. In particular, it has been reported that OMT has the capability to increase antibody titers, enhance the efficacy of vaccination, and upregulate the numbers of circulating leukocytes. Recently, it has been shown in human patients suffering chronic low back pain, that OMT is able to modify the levels of cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α in blood upon repeated treatment. Further, experimental animal models show that lymphatic pump techniques can induce a transient increase of cytokines in the lymphatic circulation. Taking into account all these data, we decided to investigate in healthy individuals the capacity of OMT to induce a rapid modification of the levels of cytokines and leukocytes in circulation. Human volunteers were subjected to a mixture of lymphatic and thoracic OMT, and shortly after the levels of several cytokines were evaluated by protein array technology and ELISA multiplex analysis, while the profile and activation status of circulating leukocytes was extensively evaluated by multicolor flow cytometry. In addition, the levels of nitric oxide and C-reactive protein (CRP) in plasma were determined. In this study, our results show that OMT was not able to induce a rapid modification in the levels of plasma nitrites or CRP or in the proportion or activation status of central memory, effector memory or naïve CD4 and CD8 T cells. A significant decrease in the proportion of a subpopulation of blood dendritic cells was detected in OMT patients. Significant differences were also detected in the levels of immune molecules such as IL-8, MCP-1, MIP-1α and most notably, G-CSF. Thus, OMT is able to induce a rapid change in the immunological profile of particular circulating cytokines and leukocytes.
authors.affiliation: Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine Department, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States of America.
authors.forename: Stevan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Walkowski
authors.affiliation: Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States of America.
authors.forename: Manindra
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States of America.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Puertas
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States of America.
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pate
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States of America.
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Goodrum
authors.affiliation: Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States of America; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States of America; Biomedical Engineering Program, Russ College of Engineering and Technology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States of America; Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States of America.
authors.forename: Fabian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Benencia
mesh_terms: D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000276:immunology; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002465:Cell Movement; D018925:Chemokines / Q000097:blood; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D026301:Manipulation, Osteopathic; D009573:Nitrites / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D018925:Chemokines; D016207:Cytokines; D009573:Nitrites; D002097:C-Reactive Protein