title: Viral etiology of influenza-like illnesses in Huizhou, China, from 2011 to 2013.
abstract: Little information is available on the etiology and prevalence of viruses other than influenza viruses causing influenza-like illnesses (ILIs) in China. This study was conducted for simultaneous detection and identification of 14 respiratory viruses in Huizhou using real-time PCR. In total, viruses were detected in 48.66 % of ILI patient samples, in which influenza virus (19.98 %) was the most commonly detected, followed by rhinovirus (7.46 %), human coronaviruses (3.63 %), human metapneumovirus (3.06 %), parainfluenza virus (3.06 %), respiratory syncytial virus (2.39 %), adenovirus (2.29 %), and human bocavirus (1.43 %). Co-infections occurred in 5.35 % of all tested specimens and 11.00 % (56/509) of infected patients. Children under 5 years and adults older than 60 years were more likely to have one or more detectable viruses associated with their ILI (OR=1.75, 95 % CI: 1.37; 2.23). Influenza virus was detected during each month of each year, and increased viral activity was observed in 2013. Infections with adenovirus and human metapneumovirus had characteristic seasonal patterns. No significant differences were found in positive the rate between the gender groups, while significantly differences in positive rate were found among the different age groups (P-value<0.001). This study confirmed that multiple respiratory viruses may circulate concurrently in the population and play an important role in the etiology of ILI. The most frequent symptoms associated with respiratory viruses were sore throat, rhinorrhea and headache. This information needs to be considered by clinicians when treating patients presenting with ILI, and it could serve as a reference for government officers when designing and implementing effective intervention plans.
authors.affiliation: Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Huizhou, No. 10, Fumin Road, Huizhou, 516003, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiongfei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ju
authors.forename: Qiaoyun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Angao
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Lihuan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Changwen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ke
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D060085:Coinfection / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009975:Orthomyxoviridae / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010802:Phylogeny; D018571:Sentinel Surveillance; D014780:Viruses / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D055815:Young Adult