title: Evaluation of the working posture and prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms among medical laboratory technicians.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Technological advancement in the medical laboratories has exposed the laboratory technicians to various ergonomic hazards due to nature of their work.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The study aimed to analyze the working postures, to find out the prevalence of work related musculoskeletal disorders and to investigate the relationship between musculoskeletal disorders with individual factors, work characteristics and the working postures.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted among 60 medical laboratory technicians. Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and RULA were used for this study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean and SD of age, BMI and work experience of the technicians were 28.6 ± 9.04 years, 22.07 ± 4.5 and 7.1 ± 8.2 years respectively. The overall prevalence of musculoskeletal problems experienced by the technicians was 73.3% and the major affected areas were trunk, knees, neck and ankles/feet. Statistical analysis shows significant associations between musculoskeletal symptoms and VAS scores. Also a significant difference was found between the means of pre and post work shift scores of neck, low back and knee pain. Postural analysis showed that the subject's mean Score A, B and Grand Score were found to be 3.98 ± 0.8, 4.95 ± 1.6 and 6 ± 1.02 respectively. The final RULA score 6 ± 1.02 emphasizes on poor workstation design which resulted in unnatural posture.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study highlighted the prevalence of postural and musculoskeletal problems among medical laboratory technicians. Intervention of administrative and engineering controls can significantly reduce ergonomic hazards.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Industrial Engineering, Powai, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Shreya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maulik
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Industrial Engineering, Powai, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Rauf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Iqbal
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Industrial Engineering, Powai, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Amitabha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University College of Science and Technology, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: Ananga Mohan
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Chandra
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019567:Back Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology; D002349:Carpal Tunnel Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology; D016552:Ergometry; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017056:Medical Laboratory Personnel; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D060051:Occupational Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D052256:Tendinopathy / Q000453:epidemiology; D017132:Workplace
keywords: Posture; medical laboratory technicians and occupational problems; musculoskeletal disorders