title: Changes in the concentration of fumonisins in forage rice during the growing period, differences among cultivars and sites, and identification of the causal fungus.
abstract: To clarify the changes in rice fumonisin (FUM) concentrations, we conducted field cultivation of 10 forage rice cultivars and inoculation with fumonisin-producing fungal isolates. We cultivated 10 forage rice cultivars at the NARO Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science and one cultivar at two additional farmland sites in Japan in 2011 and 2012. Fusarium fujikuroi, which primarily infects plants shortly after heading, was inoculated on rice just after heading, and we sampled heads at the yellow-ripe and full-ripe stages to assess FUM concentrations. We found differences among cultivars in the FUM concentration and differences among the sites for the same cultivar, but no cultivar had high levels in leaves and stems. Fusarium fujikuroi was the main fumonisin producer. The FUM concentration in heads increases from <1 to 4760 μg/kg DM after the yellow-ripe stage. To control FUM levels, it is necessary to select low-FUM cultivars and manage the cultivation environment.
authors.affiliation: National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO) Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science (NILGS), Senbonmatsu 768, Nasushiobara, Tochigi 329-2793, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryuichi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Uegaki
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tohno
authors.forename: Kohji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamamura
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsukiboshi
mesh_terms: D037341:Fumonisins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D005658:Fungi / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D005670:Fusarium / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D007564:Japan; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D037341:Fumonisins