title: A Study on Pre-Emptive Analgesic Effect of Intravenous Paracetamol in Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgeries (FESSs): A Randomized, Double-Blinded Clinical Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS) is associated with significant post-operative pain. Intravenous (iv) paracetamol provides pain relief in most patients who have undergone FESS. In some studies, it was found to be inadequate. It has been observed from previous studies conducted on patients undergoing other surgeries like abdominal surgeries that the analgesic efficacy of iv paracetamol improves when used Pre-emptively. There are no studies done previously on use of iv paracetamol Pre-emptively in FESS.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the study was to determine the post-operative analgesic effects of Pre-emptive intravenous (iv) paracetamol in FESS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Following institutional ethics committee approval, thirty nine American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) physical status I-II patients were assigned in a randomized manner into two groups: Group I received iv paracetamol 1g, in 100mL, 15 minutes before induction and Group II received iv paracetamol 1g, in 100 mL, at the end of the surgery. The time to first analgesic use and the total analgesic consumed in 24 hours was recorded. Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain scores were obtained from all patients at 0, 30 minutes, 1, 2, 6, 12 and 24 hours after the end of the Surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Time to first analgesic requirement was significantly longer in Group I compared to Group II (p = 0.0329). Rescue analgesic consumption and post-operative VAS pain scores recorded were significantly lower in Group I compared to Group II (p < 0.05) until 24 after surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pre-emptive iv paracetamol in comparison to intra-operative paracetamol, provided effective and reliable post-operative analgesia after FESS.
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Anaesthesiology, AJ Institute of Medical Sciences , Kuntikana, Mangalore-575008, Karnataka, India .
authors.forename: Chethan M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Koteswara
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of ENT, AJ Institute of Medical Sciences , Kuntikana, Mangalore-575008, Karnataka, India .
authors.forename: Sheetal
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: D
keywords: Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgeries (FESS); Pre-emptive Analgesia; Visual Analog Scale (VAS) ligament