title: Damaging effects of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on pregnant mice with different pregnancy times.
abstract: The mechanism by which nanoparticles cross the placental barrier was studied by using isotopic tracers. The abortion rates and other related data were counted and analysed in pregnant mice with different pregnancy times. Results showed that oxidised multi-walled carbon nanotubes (oMWCNTs) crossed the placental barrier and entered the foetus body. The abortion rates in the pregnant mice depended on pregnancy times. The abortion rates in the first-time, second-time and fourth-time pregnant mice were 70%, 40% and 50%, respectively. The maternal body weight gain was inhibited until gestational ages of 13, 10 and 11 d. oMWCNTs decreased the serum progesterone level and increased the serum oestradiol level in a dose- and time-dependent manner. However, this effect decreased with gestational age. The histology and vascular endothelial growth factor/reactive oxygen species content in the placenta showed that oMWCNTs narrowed the blood vessel and decreased the number of blood vessels in the placenta.
authors.affiliation: Radiochemistry Laboratory, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China, 730000.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: Radiochemistry Laboratory, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China, 730000.
authors.forename: Juanjuan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bi
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 100084.
authors.forename: Xiaoyong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Radiochemistry Laboratory, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China, 730000.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Radiochemistry Laboratory, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China, 730000.
authors.forename: Jianjun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Radiochemistry Laboratory, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China, 730000.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China, 730000.
authors.forename: Zhan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: 1] Radiochemistry Laboratory, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China, 730000 [2] State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China, 730000.
authors.forename: Wangsuo
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004958:Estradiol / Q000819:agonists / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects*; D005865:Gestational Age; D051379:Mice; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000633:toxicity*; D010920:Placenta / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011374:Progesterone / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000097:blood; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol