title: Consumption of fruit, but not vegetables, may reduce risk of gastric cancer: results from a meta-analysis of cohort studies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Quantification of the association between consumption of fruit and vegetables and risk of gastric cancer (GC) is controversial. We aimed to conduct a meta-analysis of cohort studies to evaluate the associations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eligible studies published up to 31st August 2013 were retrieved via both computer searches of PubMed and EMBASE and a manual review of references. Random-effects models were used to calculate summary relative risk (SRR). Heterogeneity among studies was assessed using Cochran's Q and I(2) statistics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 17 articles (24 studies), were included in this meta-analysis. There were >2.4 million individuals (6632 GC events) with a median follow-up of 10years. Based on the high versus low analysis, consumption of fruit, but not vegetables, may reduce risk of gastric cancer (fruit: SRR=0.90, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.83-0.98, Pheterogeneity=0.450; vegetable: SRR=0.96, 95% CI: 0.88-1.06, Pheterogeneity=0.150). Meta regression analysis suggested that outcome (incidence versus mortality) and study quality (high versus low) contributed significantly to heterogeneity. The same results were also shown in the linear dose-response analysis (per 100-g/day) (fruit: SRR=0.95, 95% CI: 0.91-0.99; vegetable: SRR=0.96, 95% CI: 0.91-1.01). Significant inverse associations emerged in non-linear models for consumption of fruit (Pnon-linearity=0.04), but not for consumption of vegetables (Pnon-linearity=0.551).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings from this meta-analysis indicate a significant protective effect for the consumption of fruit on GC risk, but not for the consumption of vegetables.
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai 200032, PR China.
authors.forename: Qingbing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai 200032, PR China. Electronic address: cy20110921@126.com.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai 200032, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiaolin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai 200032, PR China.
authors.forename: Gaoquan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China.
authors.forename: Guoping
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China.
authors.forename: Changyu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D015331:Cohort Studies; D004032:Diet; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D015996:Survival Rate; D014675:Vegetables
keywords: Gastric cancer; Incidence; Meta-analysis; Mortality