title: An examination of the psychometric properties of the community integration questionnaire (CIQ) in spinal cord injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the psychometric properties of the Community Integration Questionnaire (CIQ) in large samples of individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Longitudinal 12-month survey study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nation-wide, community dwelling.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adults with SCI: 627 at Time 1, 494 at Time 2.
  
  
  METHODS
  Not applicable.
  
  
  METHODS
  The CIQ is a 15-item measure developed to measure three domains of community integration in individuals with traumatic brain injury: home integration, social integration, and productive activity. SCI consumer input suggested the need for two additional items assessing socializing at home and internet/email activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exploratory factor analyses at Time 1 indicated three factors. Time 2 confirmatory factor analysis did not show a good fit of the 3-factor model. CIQ scores were normally distributed and only the Productive subscale demonstrated problems with high (25%) ceiling effects. Internal reliability was acceptable for the Total and Home scales, but low for the Social and Productive activity scales. Validity of the CIQ is suggested by significant differences by sex, age, and wheelchair use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The factor structure of the CIQ was not stable over time. The CIQ may be most useful for assessing home integration, as this is the subscale with the most scale stability and internal reliability. The CIQ may be improved for use in SCI by including items that reflect higher levels of productive functioning, integration across the life span, and home- and internet-based social functioning.
authors.forename: Anna L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Kratz
authors.forename: Edmund
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chadd
authors.forename: Mark P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kehn
authors.forename: Thilo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kroll
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D062309:Community Integration; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011594:Psychometrics; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Community Integration Questionnaire; Factor analysis; Reliability; Spinal cord injury; Validity