title: Anxiety, depression, impulsivity and substance misuse in violent and non-violent adolescent boys in detention in China.
abstract: The present investigation aims to identify the factors which differentiate violent from non-violent juvenile offenders, with a particular emphasis on the association between internalizing psychiatric morbidity (i.e. anxiety and depression), impulsivity, substance misuse, and violence. A total of 323 incarcerated male juvenile offenders from one of three Youth Detention Centers (YDCs) in China were recruited between August 2007 and November 2008. Interviews were conducted by trained psychiatrists using the Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS-11), the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED), and the Birleson Depression Self-Rating Scale (DSRS) to assess impulsivity, anxiety and depression, respectively. The Schedule for Affective Disorder and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children Present and Lifetime (K-SADS-PL) was also used to assess psychiatric diagnoses. Violent offenders had significantly higher BIS-11 total scores, and attention and nonplanning subscale scores (p<0.05). In the multiple logistic regression model, substance use disorders (SUD) and BIS-11 total scores independently predicted violence. Prison-based treatment services designed to reduce impulsivity and substance misuse in juvenile detention facilities should be prioritized.
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai 200063, China; Mental Health Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, National Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Central South University, Number 139 Renming Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
authors.forename: Jiansong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: University of Oxford, Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK.
authors.forename: Katrina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Witt
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, National Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Central South University, Number 139 Renming Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
authors.forename: Yingdong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, National Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Central South University, Number 139 Renming Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
authors.forename: Changjian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Psychiatric Hospital, 36 Mingxin Road, Guangzhou 510370, China.
authors.forename: Liping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, National Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Central South University, Number 139 Renming Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China. Electronic address: xyjw6@aliyun.com.
authors.forename: Xiaoping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000374:Aggression / Q000523:psychology; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D002681:China; D003710:Demography; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D007604:Juvenile Delinquency / Q000523:psychology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis; D011329:Prisoners / Q000523:psychology; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis; D057566:Self Report; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D014754:Violence / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: Impulsivity; Incarcerated youths; Internalizing and externalizing symptoms; Juvenile offenders; Psychiatric disorders