title: The interplay between Epstein-Barr virus and B lymphocytes: implications for infection, immunity, and disease.
abstract: Human B cells are the primary targets of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. In most cases, EBV infection is asymptomatic because of a highly effective host immune response, but some individuals develop self-limiting infectious mononucleosis, while others develop EBV-associated lymphoid or epithelial malignancies. The viral and immune factors that determine the outcome of infection are not understood. The EBV life cycle includes a lytic phase, culminating in the production of new viral particles, and a latent phase, during which the virus remains largely silent for the lifetime of the host in memory B cells. Thus, in healthy individuals, there is a tightly orchestrated interplay between EBV and the host that allows the virus to persist. To promote viral persistence, EBV has evolved a variety of strategies to modulate the host immune response including inhibition of immune cell function, blunting of apoptotic pathways, and interfering with antigen processing and presentation pathways. In this article, we focus on mechanisms by which dysregulation of the host B cell and immune modulation by the virus can contribute to development of EBV+ B cell lymphomas.
authors.affiliation: Program in Immunology and Department of Abdominal Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Olivia L
authors.initials: OL
authors.lastname: Hatton
authors.forename: Aleishia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Harris-Arnold
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schaffert
authors.forename: Sheri M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Krams
authors.forename: Olivia M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Martinez
mesh_terms: D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D020031:Epstein-Barr Virus Infections / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D004854:Herpesvirus 4, Human / Q000502:physiology*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D057131:Immune Evasion; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014763:Viral Matrix Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C037662:EBV-associated membrane antigen, Epstein-Barr virus; D035683:MicroRNAs; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral; D014763:Viral Matrix Proteins