title: Nonionic surfactant vesicles composed of novel spermine-derivative cationic lipids as an effective gene carrier in vitro.
abstract: In the present study, nonionic surfactant vesicles (niosomes) formulated with Span 20, cholesterol, and novel synthesized spermine-based cationic lipids with four hydrocarbon tails in a molar ratio of 2.5:2.5:1 were investigated as a gene carrier. The effects of the structure of the cationic lipids, such as differences in the acyl chain length (C14, C16, and C18) of the hydrophobic tails, as well as the weight ratio of niosomes to DNA on transfection efficiency and cell viability were evaluated in a human cervical carcinoma cell line (HeLa cells) using pDNA encoding green fluorescent protein (pEGFP-C2). The niosomes were characterized both in terms of morphology and of size and charge measurement. The formation of complexes between niosomes and DNA was verified with a gel retardation assay. The transfection efficiency of these cationic niosomes was in the following order: spermine-C18 > spermine-C16 > spermine-C14. The highest transfection efficiency was obtained for transfection with spermine-C18 niosomes at a weight ratio of 10. Additionally, no serum effect on transfection efficiency was observed. The results from a cytotoxicity and hemolytic study showed that the cationic niosomes were safe in vitro. In addition, the cationic niosomes showed good physical stability for at least 1 month at 4°C. Therefore, the cationic niosomes offer an excellent prospect as an alternative gene carrier.
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand.
authors.forename: Orapan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Paecharoenchai
authors.forename: Nattisa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Niyomtham
authors.forename: Lalita
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Leksantikul
authors.forename: Tanasait
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ngawhirunpat
authors.forename: Theerasak
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rojanarata
authors.forename: Boon-ek
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Yingyongnarongkul
authors.forename: Praneet
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Opanasopit
mesh_terms: D002412:Cations; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000737:chemistry; D004247:DNA / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D006601:Hexoses / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D008081:Liposomes; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010316:Particle Size; D013096:Spermine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014162:Transfection / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D002412:Cations; D006601:Hexoses; D008055:Lipids; D008081:Liposomes; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; C485184:enhanced green fluorescent protein; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D013096:Spermine; C014822:sorbitan monolaurate; D004247:DNA; D002784:Cholesterol