title: Occupational and socioeconomic differences in actigraphically measured sleep.
abstract: Occupational conditions, together with socioeconomic status, may modulate sleep. This study examined the association of occupational conditions and socioeconomic status with actigraphic measures of sleep in workers. Fifty-five employees (40 ± 12 years) wore a wrist actigraph during sleep for seven consecutive nights. Sleep variables addressed included total sleep time, sleep efficiency, mean activity during sleep, sleep-onset latency, and wake after sleep onset. We also measured household income, occupational class, work schedule, weekly work hours, job demand, job control, worksite social support, effort-reward imbalance, organizational justice, and workplace social capital. Multiple linear regression models were used to determine the association of occupational indicators, socioeconomic status, as well as age and gender with each sleep variable. Higher workplace social capital was associated consistently with longer total sleep time (P < 0.001), higher sleep efficiency (P < 0.05) and lower mean activity during sleep (P < 0.07). Low occupational class (P < 0.01), higher job demand (P < 0.05) and lower job control (P < 0.05) were associated with longer total sleep time. No associations were significant for sleep-onset latency or wake after sleep onset. These preliminary results suggest that enhanced workplace social capital is closely associated with better quality and quantity of sleep.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kawasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Akizumi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsutsumi
authors.forename: Sumiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kurioka
authors.forename: Akiomi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Akihito
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shimazu
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kosugi
authors.forename: Norito
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kawakami
mesh_terms: D056044:Actigraphy; D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009790:Occupations; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D017132:Workplace
keywords: health disparities; psychosocial work characteristics; sleep disturbance; workplace social capital