title: Association between angiotensin converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism and ischemic stroke in north Indian population: a case-control study and meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this case-control study was to determine the relationship between angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion polymorphism and serum ACE level in north Indian patients with ischemic stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the present study, 224 ischemic stroke patients and 224 age- and sex-matched control participants were recruited. Genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Serum ACE levels were measured by colorimetric method. Our results were integrated with other reported studies from India for a meta-analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed that DD genotypes were more frequently distributed in cases (32·6%) compared with controls (26·8%). Borderline significance was observed between DD genotype and risk of small vessel disease (SVD) stroke as compared to controls (OR, 1·9; 95% CI, 0·88-4·4; P value 0·09) assuming dominant model of inheritance. The mean ACE serum level in IU/l for II, ID, and DD genotypes were 17·1 ± 7·7, 26 ± 12·4, and 51·3 ± 21 (P value < 0·001) in cases and 16·5 ± 9·4, 26·8 ± 13, and 45·19 ± 18·3 (P value < 0·001) in controls, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the study show lack of significant association between ACE insertion/deletion polymorphism and ischemic stroke, however, higher risk was observed with DD genotype in small vessel disease stroke, but with borderline significance. Meta-analysis of studies from India showed that DD genotype is associated with risk of ischemic stroke.
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vivekanandhan
authors.forename: Arpna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.forename: Manjari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tripathi
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Padma Srivastava
authors.forename: Neha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Saini
authors.forename: Pradeep
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Kameshwar
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Prasad
mesh_terms: D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D060005:Genotyping Techniques; D006801:Humans; D054643:INDEL Mutation; D007194:India; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D020521:Stroke / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: C488034:ACE protein, human; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A
keywords: ACE insertion/deletion polymorphism,; Angiotensin converting enzyme, North Indian Population; Ischemic stroke,