title: Assessment of early renal damage in diabetic rhesus monkeys.
abstract: The objectives of the study were to improve the model system of diabetic nephropathy in nonhuman primates and assess the early renal damage. Diabetes was induced in monkeys by streptozotocin, and the animals were administered exogenous insulin to control blood glucose (BG). Animals were divided into four groups, including the normal group (N = 3), group A (streptozotocin diabetic model with control of BG < 10 mmol/L, N = 3), group B (streptozotocin diabetic model with control of BG between 15 and 20 mmol/L, N = 4), and group C (streptozotocin diabetic model with control of BG between 15 and 20 mmol/L and high-sodium and high-fat diet, N = 4). The following parameters were evaluated: (1) blood biochemistry and routine urinalysis, (2) color Doppler ultrasound, (3) angiography, (4) renal biopsy, and (5) renal fibrosis-related gene expression levels. Animals in group C developed progressive histologic changes with typical diabetic nephropathy resembling diabetic nephropathy in human patients and exhibited accelerated development of diabetic nephropathy compared with other nonhuman primate models. Significant changes in the expression of the Smad2/3 gene and eNOS in renal tissue were also observed in the early stage of diabetic nephropathy. In conclusion, our model is an excellent model of diabetic nephropathy for understanding the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy.
authors.affiliation: Key Lab of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Ministry of Health; Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.1 Keyuan 4th Road, Gao Peng Ave, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jingping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Sirong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Chengshi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Younan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Lichaun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Haoming
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Guang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Guangneng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Lan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Meimei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Yujia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Jiuming
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Jingqiu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Yanrong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051899:Smad2 Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051900:Smad3 Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D051899:Smad2 Protein; D051900:Smad3 Protein; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III