title: Effects of mood induction via music on cardiovascular measures of negative emotion during simulated driving.
abstract: A study was conducted to investigate the potential of mood induction via music to influence cardiovascular correlates of negative emotions experience during driving behaviour. One hundred participants were randomly assigned to one of five groups, four of whom experienced different categories of music: High activation/positive valence (HA/PV), high activation/negative valence (HA/NV), low activation/positive valence (LA/PV) and low activation/negative valence (LA/NV). Following exposure to their respective categories of music, participants were required to complete a simulated driving journey with a fixed time schedule. Negative emotion was induced via exposure to stationary traffic during the simulated route. Cardiovascular reactivity was measured via blood pressure, heart rate and cardiovascular impedance. Subjective self-assessment of anger and mood was also recorded. Results indicated that low activation music, regardless of valence, reduced systolic reactivity during the simulated journey relative to HA/NV music and the control (no music) condition. Self-reported data indicated that participants were not consciously aware of any influence of music on their subjective mood. It is concluded that cardiovascular reactivity to negative mood may be mediated by the emotional properties of music.
authors.affiliation: School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, UK. Electronic address: s.fairclough@ljmu.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Stephen H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Fairclough
authors.affiliation: Brain and Body Research Group, Philips Research Laboratories, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marjolein
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van der Zwaag
authors.affiliation: School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, UK.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Spiridon
authors.affiliation: Brain and Body Research Group, Philips Research Laboratories, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Joyce
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Westerink
mesh_terms: D000339:Affect / Q000502:physiology*; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000523:psychology*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009146:Music / Q000523:psychology*; D057566:Self Report; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D014584:User-Computer Interface; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Anger; Blood pressure; Cardiovascular impedance; Driving; Music