title: Role of Human Papillomavirus in the Pathogenesis of Laryngeal Dysplasia.
abstract: A synergistic effect between smoking and alcohol intake is the major cause of premalignant and malignant lesions of the larynx, but the risk factors and pathogenesis of the neoplastic transformation in nonsmokers remain poorly defined. The aim of this retrospective study is to establish the relationship between smoking habits and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in laryngeal dysplasia.
  
  
  
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  
  Academic university hospital.
  
  
  
  HPV DNA was amplified from 30 paraffin-embedded laryngeal dysplasia tissue specimens by the polymerase chain reaction using 2 groups of different consensus primers (MYO9/MY11 and LCRF1-4, E7R1-4). Fifteen samples were taken from smokers and 15 from nonsmokers.
  
  
  
  The present investigation failed to demonstrate the HPV genome in all samples of laryngeal precancerous lesions, whereas HPV was detected in 4 laryngeal papilloma samples used as control to confirm the reliability of our method on paraffin-embedded samples.
  
  
  
  Although the small number of cases in our series limits the power of our statistical analysis, the absence of viral genomes in the specimens analyzed in this study suggests the lack of a relationship between HPV infection and laryngeal dysplasia in smokers as well as in nonsmokers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Otorhinolaryngology Section "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy giulio.pagliuca@libero.it.
authors.forename: Giulio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pagliuca
authors.affiliation: Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Otorhinolaryngology Section "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Martellucci
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine, Section of Virology "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Anna Marta
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Degener
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine, Section of Virology "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pierangeli
authors.affiliation: Department of Sensorial Organs, Otorhinolaryngology Section "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Greco
authors.affiliation: Department of Sensorial Organs, Otorhinolaryngology Section "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fusconi
authors.affiliation: Department of Sensorial Organs, Otorhinolaryngology Section "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Armando
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Virgilio
authors.affiliation: Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Otorhinolaryngology Section "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Camilla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gallipoli
authors.affiliation: Department of Sensorial Organs, Otorhinolaryngology Section "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Vincentiis
authors.affiliation: Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Otorhinolaryngology Section "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gallo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000302:isolation & purification; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000150:complications*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*
keywords: HPV; PCR; laryngeal dysplasia; papillomavirus