title: Neighborhood food environment and obesity in community-dwelling older adults: individual and neighborhood effects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We tested hypotheses about the relationship between neighborhood-level food sources and obesity, controlling for individual-level characteristics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data (collected November 2006-April 2008) derived from a random-digit-dial sample of 5688 community-dwelling adults aged 50 to 74 years residing in 1644 census tracts in New Jersey. Using multilevel structural equation models, we created latent constructs representing density of fast-food establishments and storefronts (convenience stores, bars and pubs, grocery stores) and an observed indicator for supermarkets at the neighborhood level, simultaneously modeling obesity and demographic characteristics (age, gender, race, education, household income) at the individual level.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When we controlled for individual-level age, gender, race, education, and household income, densities of fast-food establishments and storefronts were positively associated with obesity. Supermarkets were not associated with obesity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because people living in neighborhoods with a higher density of fast food and storefronts are more likely to be obese, these neighborhoods may be optimal sites for interventions.
authors.affiliation: Rachel Pruchno is with the New Jersey Institute for Successful Aging and Adarsh K. Gupta is with the Department of Family Practice, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ. Maureen Wilson-Genderson is with the Department of Social and Behavioral Health, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond.
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pruchno
authors.forename: Maureen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wilson-Genderson
authors.forename: Adarsh K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Gupta
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D057140:Fast Foods; D005260:Female; D005523:Food Supply / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009515:New Jersey; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012111:Residence Characteristics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors