title: The immediate effect of lateral wedge insoles, with and without a subtalar strap, on the lateral trunk lean motion in patients with knee osteoarthritis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Orthotic interventions for knee osteoarthritis (OA) aim to reduce mechanical loading on the medial compartment of the knee and may lessen the lateral trunk lean as the most important compensatory gait strategy. The lateral wedge insole is a known orthotic intervention for knee OA. However, the question whether the addition of a subtalar strap to the wedge improves its effect has not been addressed in the literature.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effects of lateral wedge insoles, with and without a subtalar strap, on the lateral trunk lean in patients with knee OA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-three patients aged over 40 years, with grade I or II OA of the medial compartment of one knee, based on the American College of Rheumatology criteria, were included in this study. The patients were diagnosed with OA based on a clinical examination, and the diagnosis was confirmed with radiographs. A 3-dimensional motion measurement system was used to collect the gait data for 3 different conditions: (1) with no insole, (2) with a lateral wedge insole, and (3) with a lateral wedge insole and a subtalar strap. The immediate effect of the 3 test conditions on the lateral trunk lean was compared during a gait cycle a stance phase and at the point of midstance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Based on the laboratory coordinate system, the 3 conditions had no significant effect on the lateral trunk lean during a gait cycle and a stance phase and at the point of midstance in patients with knee OA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study demonstrated that the lateral wedge insoles, with and without a subtalar strap, had no immediate effect on the lateral trunk lean in patients with knee OA. However, the long-term effect of lateral wedge insoles on the lateral trunk lean in these patients requires further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Elham
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Esfandiari
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mojtaba
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kamyab
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hamid Reza
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Yazdi
authors.affiliation: Clinical and Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Physiotherapy, University of Sydney, Sydney, North South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Nasim
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Foroughi
authors.affiliation: Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Rehabilitation Basic Sciences, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sanjari
keywords: insole; knee; osteoarthritis; subtalar strap; trunk