title: Removal and seasonal variability of selected analgesics/anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertensive/cardiovascular pharmaceuticals and UV filters in wastewater treatment plant.
abstract: Seasonal removal efficiency of 16 pharmaceuticals and personal care products was monitored in a wastewater treatment plant in České Budějovice, Czech Republic, over a period of 1 year (total amount of samples, n = 272). The studied compounds included four UV filters, three analgesics/anti-inflammatory drugs and nine anti-hypertensive/cardiovascular drugs. In most cases, elimination of the substances was incomplete, and overall removal rates varied strongly from -38 to 100%. Therefore, it was difficult to establish a general trend for each therapeutic group. Based on the removal efficiencies (REs) over the year, three groups of target compounds were observed. A few compounds (benzophenon-1, valsartan, isradipine and furosemide) were not fully removed, but their REs were greater than 50%. The second group of analytes, consisting of 2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid, tramadol, sotalol, metoprolol, atenolol and diclofenac, showed a very low RE (lower than 50%). The third group of compounds showed extremely variable RE (benzophenon-3 and benzophenon-4, codeine, verapamil, diltiazem and bisoprolol). There were significant seasonal trends in the observed REs, with reduced efficiencies in colder months.
authors.affiliation: University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic, ogolovko@frov.jcu.cz.
authors.forename: Oksana
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Golovko
authors.forename: Vimal
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Ganna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fedorova
authors.forename: Tomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Randak
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Grabic
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000032:analysis*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D018153:Czech Republic; D005374:Filtration / Q000295:instrumentation; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D012621:Seasons; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid; D062065:Wastewater / Q000032:analysis*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D014877:Water Pollution, Chemical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical