title: [Surgical treatment of posterior shoulder dislocation: importance of arthroscopy].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Posterior dislocations of the shoulder represent a rare injury with frequently occurring soft tissue and/or bony concomitant lesions such as the reverse Hill-Sachs lesion and the dorsal labrum tear. For the combination of these injuries, no evidence-based therapeutic recommendations exist.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Reflecting on two clinical cases and the current literature data, options for the treatment of combined osseous and soft tissue injuries due to posterior dislocation of the shoulder are presented.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report two cases of fresh traumatic first-time posterior dislocations that were each explored arthroscopically and subsequently operated using an open technique. In the first case, we performed refixation of the labrum, followed by open osteosynthesis with bone substitution. Treatment of the second case included diagnostic arthroscopy and - after a frustrating attempt to elevate the defect in an arthroscopically assisted retrograde technique - open reconstruction of the humeral head with an allograft.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In both cases good clinical outcomes with Constant scores of 79 and 86 points at the 16- and 12-month follow-ups, respectively, were achieved. Radiologically complete integration of the used materials was found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These cases show that for the operative treatment of fresh, traumatic posterior shoulder dislocation, it is useful to explore the joint arthroscopically to identify concomitant injuries of the labrum and if necessary treat them. The bony pathology of the humeral head can subsequently be addressed in an open technique, whereby the appropriate treatment should be chosen based on the size of the defect.
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Unfall-, Hand- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Zentrum für Operative Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Deutschland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stangenberg
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Großterlinden
authors.forename: O D
authors.initials: OD
authors.lastname: Reinsch
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Laskowski
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Rueger
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Briem
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001182:Arthroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D006811:Humerus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011859:Radiography; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods; D017006:Rotator Cuff / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D000070636:Rotator Cuff Injuries; D012783:Shoulder Dislocation / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome