title: In vivo evaluation of activities and expression of antioxidant enzymes in Wistar rats exposed for 90 days to a modified clay.
abstract: Although clays are wildly used in a range of applications, the toxicity assessment of these new materials is still scarce. In the present study, oxidative stress induced by Clay 1, a novel clay, was determined in rats after 90 d of oral exposure. The activities of antioxidant enzymes, namely, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione S-transferase (GST), were examined. In addition, genetic expressions of SOD and CAT and relative protein abundance of CAT were also determined. Data showed that most of the biomarkers assayed remained unaltered. Only CAT activity, as well as its genetic and protein expressions, appeared enhanced in the kidney. Therefore, further studies are needed to clarify the relevance and consequences of these findings to ensure the safety of this clay.
authors.affiliation: a Area de Toxicología, Facultad de Farmacia , Universidad de Sevilla , Seville , Spain.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maisanaba
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Puerto
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez-Praena
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Llana-Ruíz-Cabello
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pichardo
authors.forename: Alfonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mate
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jordá-Beneyto
authors.forename: Ana M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Cameán
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aucejo
authors.forename: Ángeles
authors.initials: Á
authors.lastname: Jos
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000538:Aluminum Silicates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D002374:Catalase / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000077215:Clay; D004790:Enzyme Induction / Q000187:drug effects; D005506:Food Contamination; D018857:Food Packaging; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D059550:Toxicity Tests, Subchronic
chemical_list: D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D015415:Biomarkers; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D002374:Catalase; D000077215:Clay