title: Cytotoxic effect of endodontic irrigants in vitro.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cytotoxicity of root canal irrigants is important due to their close contact with host tissues. The aim of this study was to assess the cytotoxic effect of NaOCl 3%, Chx 2%, and MTAD on rat periodontal ligament fibroblasts, at 0.1 and 100 µl/mL, using WST-1 colorimetric method.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rat ligamental fibroblasts were exposed to the irrigants and their viability was assessed after 1, 24, 48, and 72 h. The measurements were determined using WST-1 assay, using a micro ELISA reader.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 100 ml/L all 3 irrigants were strongly cytotoxic, although CHX was less so than NaOCl and MTAD. At the 0.1 ml/L concentration, NaOCl and MTAD were only moderately cytotoxic, whereas Chx was highly deleterious to cell viability at all time points. There was a significant influence of the dilution rate of the substance, because the odds ratio for cell viability being over 50% was increased 51 times between the 100 ml/L and 0.1 ml/L dilutions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It seems that irrigating solutions should be used at lower concentrations to enhance cell viability.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Pathology and Endodontics, University Dentistry Clinical Center of Kosovo, Prishtina, Kosovo.
authors.forename: Donika
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bajrami
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Pathology and Endodontics, University Dentistry Clinical Center of Kosovo, Prishtina, Kosovo.
authors.forename: Veton
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hoxha
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics , Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Omer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gorduysus
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sevda
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Muftuoglu
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Nacije Dilara
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Zeybek
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Selen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Küçükkaya
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004708:Endodontics; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D051381:Rats; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D012388:Root Canal Irrigants