title: Demand for long acting and permanent contraceptive methods and associated factors among married women of reproductive age group in Debre Markos Town, North West Ethiopia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ethiopia is the second most populous country in sub Saharan Africa with high total fertility rate, and high maternal and child mortality rates. In sub Saharan African countries, including Ethiopia, even though studies show that demand for contraception is high, the practice is low. Particularly, in Ethiopia, despite the fact that practices on long acting and permanent methods are believed to be low, there are limited evidences on the real magnitude of demand for the methods.
  
  
  METHODS
  To assess demand for long acting and permanent contraceptive methods and associated factors among married women of reproductive age group in Debre Markos town, Amhara Regional State, North West Ethiopia, A community based cross sectional study was conducted, from April 08-19, 2012. Systematic sampling technique was used to select 523 study participants. Pre tested structured Amharic version questionnaire was used to collect the data through interview. Both bivariate and multiple logistic regressions were used to identify associated factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 519 respondents, 323 (62.2%) were using modern family planning (FP) methods in which 101 (19.5%) were using long acting and permanent contraceptive methods (LAPMs). Among all respondents, 171 (32.9%) had unmet need for LAPMs. The total demand for LAPMs was 272 (52.4%) of which 37.1% were satisfied and 62.9% unsatisfied demand. Being in the older age group (40-44 years) [AOR = 2.8; 95% CI:1.12, 9.55], having no desire for more child [AOR = 20.37; 95% CI:9.28, 44.72], desire to have a child after 2 years [AOR = 6.4; 95%CI:3.04,13.47], not ever heard of modern FP [AOR = 5.73; 95% CI:1.26, 25.91], not ever using of modern FP [AOR = 1.89; 95% CI:1.01, 3.55] and having no spousal discussion in the last six month [AOR = 1.642, 95% CI: 1.049, 2.57) were some of the factors significantly associated with demand for LAPMs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Demand and unmet need for LAPMs were high in the study area. Therefore raising awareness of the community, counseling/discussion about the methods with all clients, encouraging spousal involvement are fundamental areas of intervention. Moreover, increasing the availability and accessibility of LAPMs is required to meet the unmet needs.
authors.forename: Gizachew Abdissa
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Bulto
authors.forename: Tatek Abate
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Zewdie
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia. terek7@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Teresa Kisi
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Beyen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female / Q000600:supply & distribution* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004343:Drug Implants / Q000600:supply & distribution / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005002:Ethiopia; D005193:Family Planning Services / Q000600:supply & distribution; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006801:Humans; D033182:Intention; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D007434:Intrauterine Devices / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000600:supply & distribution*; D017533:Marital Status; D008875:Middle Aged; D010298:Parity; D013245:Sterilization, Reproductive; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female; D004343:Drug Implants