title: Real-time knee adduction moment feedback training using an elliptical trainer.
abstract: The external knee adduction moment (EKAM) is associated with knee osteoarthritis (OA) in many aspects including presence, progression, and severity of knee OA. Despite of its importance, there is a lack of EKAM estimation methods that can provide patients with knee OA real-time EKAM biofeedback for training and clinical evaluations without using a motion analysis laboratory. A practical real-time EKAM estimation method, which utilizes kinematics measured by a simple six degree-of-freedom goniometer and kinetics measured by a multi-axis force sensor underneath the foot, was developed to provide real-time feedback of the EKAM to the patients during stepping on an elliptical trainer, which can potentially be used to control and alter the EKAM. High reliability (ICC(2,1): 0.9580) of the real-time EKAM estimation method was verified through stepping trials of seven subjects without musculoskeletal disorders. Combined with advantages of elliptical trainers including functional weight-bearing stepping and mitigation of impulsive forces, the real-time EKAM estimation method is expected to help patients with knee OA better control frontal plane knee loading and reduce knee OA development and progression.
authors.forename: Sang Hoon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Song Joo
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yupeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Li-Qun
authors.initials: LQ
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000842:Ankle / Q000502:physiology; D000886:Anthropometry; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D003199:Computer Systems; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D004867:Equipment Design; D005246:Feedback; D006801:Humans; D007717:Knee / Q000502:physiology*; D007866:Leg / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D010806:Physical Education and Training / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D055815:Young Adult