title: Effects of a cycle training course on children's cycling skills and levels of cycling to school.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The primary aim of the present study was to evaluate the short- and longer-term effects of a cycle training on children's cycling skills. A second aim of the study was to examine the effects of a cycle training, with and without parental involvement, on levels of cycling to school and on parental attitudes towards cycling.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three participating schools were randomly assigned to the "intervention" (25 children), the "intervention plus parent" (34 children) or "control" condition (35 children). A cycle training (four sessions of 45 min) took place only in the intervention schools. Parents in the "intervention plus parent" condition were asked to assist their child in completing weekly homework tasks. Children's cycling skills were assessed, using a practical cycling test. All participating children also received a short parental questionnaire on cycling behavior and parental attitudes towards cycling. Assessments took place at baseline, within 1 week after the last session and at 5-months follow-up. Repeated measure analyses were conducted to evaluate the effects of the cycle training.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Children's total cycling skill score increased significantly more from pre to post and from pre to 5-months follow-up in the intervention group than in the control group. On walking with the bicycle (F=1.6), cycling in a straight line (F=2.6), cycling a slalom (F=1.9), cycling over obstacles (F=2.1), cycling on a sloping surface (F=1.7) and dismounting the bicycle (F=2.0), the cycle training had no effect. For all other cycling skills, significant improvements were observed on short- and longer-term. No significant intervention effects were found on children's cycling to school levels (F=1.9) and parental attitudes towards cycling.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The cycle training course was effective in improving children's cycling skills and the improvements were maintained 5 months later. However, the cycle training course was not effective in increasing children's cycling to school levels.
authors.affiliation: Ghent University, Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Watersportlaan 2, 9000 Gent, Belgium. Electronic address: Fabian.Ducheyne@UGent.be.
authors.forename: Fabian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ducheyne
authors.affiliation: Ghent University, Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Watersportlaan 2, 9000 Gent, Belgium. Electronic address: Ilse.DeBourdeaudhuij@UGent.be.
authors.forename: Ilse
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: De Bourdeaudhuij
authors.affiliation: Ghent University, Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Watersportlaan 2, 9000 Gent, Belgium. Electronic address: Matthieu.Lenoir@UGent.be.
authors.forename: Matthieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lenoir
authors.affiliation: Ghent University, Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Watersportlaan 2, 9000 Gent, Belgium. Electronic address: Greet.Cardon@UGent.be.
authors.forename: Greet
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cardon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001290:Attitude; D001642:Bicycling / Q000193:education* / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D004521:Educational Measurement; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D012574:Schools; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Children; Cycle training; Cycling skills; Levels of cycling to school; Parental attitudes