title: Placental histomorphometry in gestational diabetes mellitus: the relationship between subsequent type 2 diabetes mellitus and race/ethnicity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined placental histomorphometry in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) for factors associated with race/ethnicity and subsequent type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
  
  
  METHODS
  We identified 124 placentas from singleton, full-term live births whose mothers had clinically defined GDM and self-reported race/ethnicity. Clinical and placental diagnoses were abstracted from medical records.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-eight white and 76 nonwhite women were followed for 4.1 years (median, range 0.0-8.9 years). White women developed less T2DM (12.5% vs 35.5%; P = .005) but had higher systolic (mean ± SD, 116 ± 13 vs 109 ± 11 mm Hg; P < .001) and diastolic (71 ± 9 vs 68 ± 7 mm Hg; P = .02) blood pressure, more smoking (35.4% vs 10.5%; P = .004), and more chorangiosis (52.1% vs 30.3%; P = .02) than nonwhite women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although more nonwhite women developed T2DM, more white women had chorangiosis, possibly secondary to the higher percentage of smokers among them. Further study is necessary to elucidate the relationship among chorangiosis, subsequent maternal T2DM, and race.
authors.affiliation: Bentley-Lewis.Rhonda@mgh.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Rhonda
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bentley-Lewis
authors.forename: Deanna L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Dawson
authors.forename: Julia B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Wenger
authors.forename: Ravi I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Thadhani
authors.forename: Drucilla J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Roberts
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People; D044383:Black People; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000209:etiology; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010920:Placenta / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000208:ethnology; D044465:White People
keywords: Gestational diabetes mellitus; Placental histomorphometry; Race/ethnicity; Type 2 diabetes mellitus