title: A facile one-pot ultrasound assisted for an efficient synthesis of 1H-spiro[furo[3,4-b]pyridine-4,3'-indoline]-3-carbonitriles.
abstract: A convenient one-pot protocol was developed for the synthesis of 1H-spiro[furo[3,4-b]pyridine-4,3'-indoline]-3-carbonitrile derivatives. This reaction was carried out through a three component condensation reaction of isatins, malononitrile, and anilinolactones in the presence of a catalytic amount of Et3N as an inexpensive and available basic catalyst in THF under ultrasound irradiation. The products were obtained in high yields and short reaction times. The main advantage of this synthetic method is that the obtained products in ultrasonic irradiations are different from classical heating.
authors.affiliation: Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Ramin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ghahremanzadeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan 87317, Iran.
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Rashid
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Amir-Hassan
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Zarnani
authors.affiliation: Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan 87317, Iran. Electronic address: naeimi@kashanu.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Naeimi
keywords: Isatin; Malononitrile; Multi-component reaction; Spirooxindole; Tetronic acid; Ultrasound