title: Chickens from lines artificially selected for juvenile low and high body weight differ in glucose homeostasis and pancreas physiology.
abstract: Artificial selection of White Plymouth Rock chickens for juvenile (day 56) body weight resulted in two divergent genetic lines: hypophagic low weight (LWS) chickens and hyperphagic obese high weight (HWS) chickens, with the latter more than 10-fold heavier than the former at selection age. A study was designed to investigate glucose regulation and pancreas physiology at selection age in LWS chickens and HWS chickens. Oral glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity tests revealed differences in threshold sensitivity to insulin and glucose clearance rate between the lines. Results from real-time PCR showed greater pancreatic mRNA expression of four glucose regulatory genes (preproinsulin, PPI; preproglucagon, PPG; glucose transporter 2, GLUT2; and pancreatic duodenal homeobox 1, Pdx1) in LWS chickens, than HWS chickens. Histological analysis of the pancreas revealed that HWS chickens have larger pancreatic islets, less pancreatic islet mass, and more pancreatic inflammation than LWS chickens, all of which presumably contribute to impaired glucose metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA. Electronic address: lhsumners@vt.edu.
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Sumners
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA. Electronic address: zwei11@vt.edu.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, China. Electronic address: zhaoxiaoling04@163.com.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA. Electronic address: chonaker@vt.edu.
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Honaker
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA. Electronic address: shzhang@vt.edu.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA. Electronic address: macline2@vt.edu.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Cline
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA. Electronic address: pbsiegel@vt.edu.
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Siegel
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA. Electronic address: egilbert@vt.edu.
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Gilbert
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000235:genetics*; D002645:Chickens / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D051273:Glucose Transporter Type 2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006706:Homeostasis; D007328:Insulin / Q000096:biosynthesis; D010179:Pancreas / Q000502:physiology*; D052336:Proglucagon / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012641:Selection, Genetic; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D051273:Glucose Transporter Type 2; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D007328:Insulin; D011498:Protein Precursors; D015534:Trans-Activators; C084010:pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 protein; D052336:Proglucagon; C013737:preproinsulin; D005947:Glucose
keywords: Anorexic; Chicken; GLUT2; Glucose; Insulin; Obese; Pancreas; Pdx1; β-Cells