title: In vitro comparison of commercial oral rinses on bacterial adhesion and their detachment from biofilm formed on hydroxyapatite disks.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This in vitro study was designed to assess the effectiveness of three oral rinses on bacterial adherence to epithelial cells and hydroxyapatite surfaces. The role of oral rinses on the detachment of bacteria from biofilm was also evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  The efficacy of three oral rinses, Acclean, Noplak and Prevention were tested against a wide range of oral bacteria. Oral rinse antimicrobial activity was determined by an MTT assay for bacterial viability, by live/ dead staining and by measuring the bacterial metabolic activity using an XTT assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The two oral rinses that contained 0.12% chlorhexidine had the greatest antibacterial activity on both planktonic and bio lm-grown organisms when compared to the Prevention oral rinse.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both Acclean and Noplak were extremely effective in lowering the number of bacteria attached to buccal epithelial cells and pelllicles. In addition, these two oral rinses were also effective against the biofilm bacteria.
authors.forename: Jegdish P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Babu
authors.forename: Franklin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Garcia-Godoy
mesh_terms: D000190:Actinomyces / Q000187:drug effects; D016924:Actinomyces viscosus / Q000187:drug effects; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000494:pharmacology; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects*; D058491:Bacterial Load / Q000187:drug effects; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002594:Cetylpyridinium / Q000494:pharmacology; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002951:Citrates / Q000494:pharmacology; D004396:Coloring Agents; D044622:Dental Pellicle / Q000382:microbiology; D004338:Drug Combinations; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry*; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000187:drug effects; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000382:microbiology; D016967:Fusobacterium nucleatum / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D008422:Materials Testing; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000187:drug effects; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000187:drug effects; D054773:Streptococcus gordonii / Q000187:drug effects; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000187:drug effects; D013431:Sulfates / Q000494:pharmacology; D013499:Surface Properties; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; D017967:Zinc Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D002951:Citrates; D004396:Coloring Agents; D004338:Drug Combinations; D009067:Mouthwashes; C092422:Prevention Mouthrinse; D013431:Sulfates; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; D017967:Zinc Compounds; C059087:2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-((phenylamino)carbonyl)-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide; D017886:Durapatite; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D002594:Cetylpyridinium; C022616:thiazolyl blue; D002710:Chlorhexidine