title: A quantitative perspective to the study of brain arterial remodeling of donors with and without HIV in the Brain Arterial Remodeling Study (BARS).
abstract: Mechanisms underlying brain arterial remodeling are uncertain. We tested the hypothesis that arterial size and location are important determinants of arterial characteristics. We collected large and penetrating brain arteries from cadavers with and without HIV. Morphometric characterization was obtained from digital images using color-based thresholding. The association of arterial size and location with lumen diameter, media and adventitia area, media proportion, a wall thickness, wall-to-lumen ratio and stenosis was obtained with multilevel mixed models and a P value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. We included 336 brains, in which 2279 large arteries and 1488 penetrating arteries were identified. We found that arterial size was significantly associated with all arterial characteristics studied of large and penetrating arteries with exception of arterial stenosis in large arteries. After adjusting for size, an independent association was found between lumen diameters, media and adventitia thickness with artery locations. Arterial stenosis was also associated with artery location in both large and penetrating arteries. In summary, significant effects of size and/or location were found in arterial characteristics typically used to define arterial remodeling. Brain arterial remodeling characteristics differ across arterial sizes and location, and these differences should be controlled for in future studies of brain arterial remodeling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gutierrez
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center New York, NY, USA ; Macedonia Academy of Science and Arts Skopje, Macedonia.
authors.forename: Gorazd
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rosoklija
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Jacinta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chon
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center New York, NY, USA ; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Mitchell S V
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Elkind
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Goldman
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Lawrence S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Honig
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center New York, NY, USA ; Macedonia Academy of Science and Arts Skopje, Macedonia ; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Dwork
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morgello
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Randolph S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Marshall
keywords: HIV; arterial remodeling; brain arteries; cardiovascular disease; media thickness; stenosis