title: Mechanistic understanding of brain drug disposition to optimize the selection of potential neurotherapeutics in drug discovery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The current project was undertaken with the aim to propose and test an in-depth integrative analysis of neuropharmacokinetic (neuroPK) properties of new chemical entities (NCEs), thereby optimizing the routine of evaluation and selection of novel neurotherapeutics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty compounds covering a wide range of physicochemical properties and various CNS targets were investigated. The combinatory mapping approach was used for the assessment of the extent of blood-brain and cellular barriers transport via estimation of unbound-compound brain (Kp,uu,brain) and cell (Kp,uu,cell) partitioning coefficients. Intra-brain distribution was evaluated using the brain slice method. Intra- and sub-cellular distribution was estimated via calculation of unbound-drug cytosolic and lysosomal partitioning coefficients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Assessment of Kp,uu,brain revealed extensive variability in the brain penetration properties across compounds, with a prevalence of compounds actively effluxed at the blood-brain barrier. Kp,uu,cell was valuable for identification of compounds with a tendency to accumulate intracellularly. Prediction of cytosolic and lysosomal partitioning provided insight into the subcellular accumulation. Integration of the neuroPK parameters with pharmacodynamic readouts demonstrated the value of the proposed approach in the evaluation of target engagement and NCE selection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With the rather easily-performed combinatory mapping approach, it was possible to provide quantitative information supporting the decision making in the drug discovery setting.
authors.affiliation: Translational PKPD Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences Associate Member of SciLife Lab,, Uppsala University, Box 591, 751 24, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Irena
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Loryan
authors.forename: Vikash
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sinha
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mackie
authors.forename: Achiel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Van Peer
authors.forename: Wilhelmus
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Drinkenburg
authors.forename: An
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vermeulen
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Monshouwer
authors.forename: Donald
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Heald
authors.forename: Margareta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hammarlund-Udenaes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D032882:Comprehension; D055808:Drug Discovery / Q000379:methods*; D007424:Intracellular Fluid / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018374:LLC-PK1 Cells; D051379:Mice; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations