title: Improved glycation after ultrasonic pretreatment revealed by high-performance liquid chromatography-linear ion trap/Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry.
abstract: The glycation extent of bovine serum albumin (BSA) before and after ultrasonication was evaluated by MALDI-TOF and Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Ultrasonic pretreatment significantly improved the incorporation of galactose to BSA. Prior to ultrasonic pretreatment, only 12 sites (11 lysines and 1 arginine) were glycated, whereas the number of glycation sites was increased to 42, including 39 lysines and 3 arginines, after treatment. Average degree of substitution per peptide molecule of BSA (DSP) was used to evaluate the glycation level for each glycation site. The ultrasonic pretreatment significantly improved the DSP value of all glycation sites. The prevalently promoted glycation by ultrasonic pretreatment suggests that ultrasonication improves glycation through altering the structure of BSA throughout all three domains. An ultrahigh-resolution linear ion trap Orbitrap mass spectrometer facilitates unambiguous localization of glycation sites, allowing an in-depth analysis of the nature and extent of protein glycation at the molecular level. High-intensity ultrasonication can greatly improve protein glycation and, therefore, opens new routes to modify the functionality of proteins in a positive way.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University , Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China.
authors.forename: Qiuting
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zongcai
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xiaoqin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Xiaomei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sha
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xiao
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D006031:Glycosylation; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010449:Peptide Mapping; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry; D011487:Protein Conformation; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine / Q000737:chemistry*; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; D014465:Ultrasonics
chemical_list: D010455:Peptides; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine