title: Phase II enzyme induction by a carotenoid, lutein, in a PC12D neuronal cell line.
abstract: The mechanism by which lutein, a carotenoid, acts as an antioxidant in retinal cells is still not fully understood. Here, lutein treatment of a neuronal cell line (PC12D) immediately resulted in reduced intracellular ROS levels, implying that it has a direct role in ROS scavenging. Significantly, lutein treatment also induced phase II antioxidative enzyme expression, probably via a nuclear factor-like 2 (Nrf2) independent pathway. This latter mechanism could explain why lutein acts diversely to protect against oxidative/cytotoxic stress, and why it is physiologically involved in the human neural tissue, such as the retina.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Retinal Cell Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Wakasa Seikatsu Co., Ltd., 134 Chudoujiminami-cho, Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto 600-8813, Japan.
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miyake
authors.affiliation: Wakasa Seikatsu Co., Ltd., 134 Chudoujiminami-cho, Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto 600-8813, Japan.
authors.forename: Saori
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Retinal Cell Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsubota
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Retinal Cell Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan. Electronic address: ozawa@a5.keio.jp.
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ozawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D014975:Lutein / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D016716:PC12 Cells; D051381:Rats; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D002338:Carotenoids; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D014975:Lutein
keywords: Antioxidant enzymes; Lutein; Nrf2; PC12D; Reactive oxygen species