title: Intra- and interobserver agreement in the diagnosis of malocclusion in sleep-disordered breathing.
abstract: Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is often related to malocclusion, and dentists should be able to recognize occlusal changes that may be associated with the development, onset, or persistence of SDB. Although clinical examination is routinely used by specialists in orthodontics and functional jaw orthopedics, differences in diagnosis are very common.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two observers, both dentists specializing in functional jaw orthopedics, examined 56 children aged 7 to 9 years. Intra- and interobserver agreement in identification of functional orthopedic and orthodontic conditions were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intraobserver agreement was strong for all variables. Interobserver agreement was also strong, except for the variable overbite, which showed good agreement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diagnostic criteria provide an opportunity for dentists to recognize dental malocclusions that may be associated with sleep-disordered breathing.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao PauloSP, Brazil, D.D.S., PhD, Specialist in orthodontics, Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo; Sao Paulo SP, Brazil;
authors.forename: Fernando Rodrigues
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao PauloSP, Brazil, D.D.S., PhD, Specialist in pediatric dentistry, Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo; Sao Paulo SP, Brazil;
authors.forename: Débora Aparecida
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Lentini-Oliveira
authors.affiliation: D.D.S., Specialist in Implantology;
authors.forename: Graziele Maria Missiano
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Estatística, Instituto de Matemática e Estatística, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao PauloSP, Brazil, Departamento de Estatística, Instituto de Matemática e Estatística, Universidade de São Paulo; Sao Paulo SP, Brazil;
authors.forename: Julio Motta
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Singer
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Neurologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao PauloSP, Brazil, MD, PhD, Neuro-Sono, Departamento de Neurologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo; Sao Paulo SP, Brazil;
authors.forename: Lucila Bizari Fernandes
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Prado
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Neurologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao PauloSP, Brazil, MD, PhD, Neuro-Sono, Departamento de Neurologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo; Sao Paulo SP, Brazil;
authors.forename: Gilmar Fernandes
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Prado
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Neurologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao PauloSP, Brazil, PhD, Neuro-Sono, Departamento de Neurologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Sao Paulo SP, Brazil;
authors.forename: Luciane Bizari Coin
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Carvalho
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015588:Observer Variation; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000209:etiology*