title: A new visually improved and sensitive loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for diagnosis of symptomatic falciparum malaria.
abstract: Molecular diagnosis of malaria by nucleotide amplification requires sophisticated and expensive instruments, typically found only in well-established laboratories. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) has provided a new platform for an easily adaptable molecular technique for molecular diagnosis of malaria without the use of expensive instruments. A new primer set has been designed targeting the 18S rRNA gene for the detection of Plasmodium falciparum in whole blood samples. The efficacy of LAMP using the new primer set was assessed in this study in comparison to that of a previously described set of LAMP primers as well as with microscopy and real-time PCR as reference methods for detecting P. falciparum. Pre-addition of hydroxy napthol blue (HNB) in the LAMP reaction caused a distinct color change, thereby improving the visual detection system. The new LAMP assay was found to be 99.1% sensitive compared to microscopy and 98.1% when compared to real-time PCR. Meanwhile, its specificity was 99% and 100% in contrast to microscopy and real-time PCR, respectively. Moreover, the LAMP method was in very good agreement with microscopy and real-time PCR (0.94 and 0.98, respectively). This new LAMP method can detect at least 5parasites/μL of infected blood within 35min, while the other LAMP method tested in this study, could detect a minimum of 100parasites/μL of human blood after 60min of amplification. Thus, the new method is sensitive and specific, can be carried out in a very short time, and can substitute PCR in healthcare clinics and standard laboratories.
authors.affiliation: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N4N1. Electronic address: abu_naser@icddrb.org.
authors.forename: Abu Naser
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Mohon
authors.affiliation: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), Little Rock, AR 72205, USA. Electronic address: arelahi@uams.edu.
authors.forename: Rubayet
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Elahi
authors.affiliation: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh. Electronic address: wakhan@icddrb.org.
authors.forename: Wasif A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh. Electronic address: rhaque@icddrb.org.
authors.forename: Rashidul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Haque
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. Electronic address: dsulliva@jhsph.edu.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.affiliation: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh. Electronic address: shafiul@icddrb.org.
authors.forename: Mohammad Shafiul
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Alam
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001769:Blood / Q000469:parasitology; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000175:diagnosis*; D025202:Molecular Diagnostic Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D009282:Naphthalenesulfonates / Q000378:metabolism; D021141:Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D010274:Parasitology / Q000379:methods*; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016053:RNA, Protozoan / Q000235:genetics; D012337:RNA, Ribosomal, 18S / Q000235:genetics; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013194:Staining and Labeling
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D009282:Naphthalenesulfonates; D016053:RNA, Protozoan; D012337:RNA, Ribosomal, 18S; C540250:trisodium 3-hydroxy-4-((2Z)-2-(2-oxo-4-sulfonatonaphthalen-1-ylidene)hydrazinyl)naphthalene-2,7-disulfonate
keywords: Bangladesh; Hydroxy napthol blue; LAMP; Malaria; Plasmodium falciparum