title: NanoCAGE analysis of the mouse olfactory epithelium identifies the expression of vomeronasal receptors and of proximal LINE elements.
abstract: By coupling laser capture microdissection to nanoCAGE technology and next-generation sequencing we have identified the genome-wide collection of active promoters in the mouse Main Olfactory Epithelium (MOE). Transcription start sites (TSSs) for the large majority of Olfactory Receptors (ORs) have been previously mapped increasing our understanding of their promoter architecture. Here we show that in our nanoCAGE libraries of the mouse MOE we detect a large number of tags mapped in loci hosting Type-1 and Type-2 Vomeronasal Receptors genes (V1Rs and V2Rs). These loci also show a massive expression of Long Interspersed Nuclear Elements (LINEs). We have validated the expression of selected receptors detected by nanoCAGE with in situ hybridization, RT-PCR and qRT-PCR. This work extends the repertory of receptors capable of sensing chemical signals in the MOE, suggesting intriguing interplays between MOE and VNO for pheromone processing and positioning transcribed LINEs as candidate regulatory RNAs for VRs expression.
authors.affiliation: Area of Neuroscience, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA) Trieste, Italy ; RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Center for Life Science Technologies, Division of Genomic Technologies Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pascarella
authors.affiliation: Area of Neuroscience, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA) Trieste, Italy ; Cluster in Biomedicine (CBM), AREA Science Park Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: Dejan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lazarevic
authors.affiliation: RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Center for Life Science Technologies, Division of Genomic Technologies Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Plessy
authors.affiliation: RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Center for Life Science Technologies, Division of Genomic Technologies Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bertin
authors.affiliation: Bergen Center for Computational Science - Computational Biology Unit and Sars Centre for Marine Molecular Biology, University of Bergen Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: Altuna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Akalin
authors.affiliation: Area of Neuroscience, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA) Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vlachouli
authors.affiliation: Area of Neuroscience, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA) Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Simone
authors.affiliation: Cancer Biology Program, Mater Medical Research Institute South Brisbane, QLD, Australia ; School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
authors.forename: Geoffrey J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Faulkner
authors.affiliation: Area of Neuroscience, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA) Trieste, Italy ; Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont "A. Avogadro," Novara, Italy.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zucchelli
authors.affiliation: RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Center for Life Science Technologies, Division of Genomic Technologies Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kawai
authors.affiliation: RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Center for Life Science Technologies, Division of Genomic Technologies Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Carsten O
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Daub
authors.affiliation: RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Center for Life Science Technologies, Division of Genomic Technologies Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihide
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hayashizaki
authors.affiliation: Bergen Center for Computational Science - Computational Biology Unit and Sars Centre for Marine Molecular Biology, University of Bergen Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lenhard
authors.affiliation: RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Center for Life Science Technologies, Division of Genomic Technologies Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Piero
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Carninci
authors.affiliation: Area of Neuroscience, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA) Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gustincich
keywords: MOE; V1Rs; V2Rs; VNO; main olfactory epithelium; vomeronasal organ; vomeronasal receptors