title: Trends in the outpatient treatment of atrial fibrillation in the USA from 2001 to 2010.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Several clinical trials have shown that rhythm-control drugs have serious adverse events and no survival advantage over rate-control drugs in patients with atrial fibrillation. The objectives were to determine and explain the recent trends in outpatient prescribing of both drug classes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were obtained over 10 years from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. Visits by patients with atrial fibrillation were identified by ICD-9 diagnosis code 427.31. Trend lines were estimated for drug prescribing and comorbidities. A multinomial logistic model was estimated to predict treatment on the basis of visit characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The percentage of visits mentioning only a rate-control medication trended upward (p = 0.07) from 41.9% in 2001 to 47.3% in 2010; the percentage mentioning both rhythm-control and rate-control drugs also had an upward trend (p < 0.05) from 3.1% to 12.5%; finally, the percentage mentioning rhythm-control drugs alone remained steady (p = 0.37). Consistent with the increase (p = 0.10) in the percentage of visits mentioning hypertension, there was a statistically significant (p < 0.01) rise in the prescribing of β-blockers from 20.5% to 43.4%. The odds that a patient aged 65 years or younger was prescribed a rhythm-control medication were significantly higher (p < 0.01) than those for a patient older than 65 years. The estimated odds that a diabetic patient was prescribed both rhythm-control and rate-control medications was only 0.269 (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study documents change in the outpatient treatment of atrial fibrillation in the USA from 2001-2010. In clinical practice, there has been a growing reliance on rate-control medications.
authors.affiliation: James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
authors.forename: Amarsinh M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Desai
authors.forename: Teresa M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Cavanaugh
authors.forename: Vibha C A
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Desai
authors.forename: Pamela C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Heaton
authors.forename: Christina M L
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Kelton
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000553:Ambulatory Care / Q000639:trends*; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000188:drug therapy*; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010045:Outpatients; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000639:trends*; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents
keywords: atrial fibrillation; beta-blockers; calcium channel blockers; outpatient treatment; pharmacoepidemiology; rate-control drugs; rhythm-control medications