title: Ultrasound (US) measurement of the distance between the Achilles tendon and the posterior tibial neurovascular bundle in equinus infantile deformity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the distance between the Achilles tendon and the posterior tibial neurovascular bundle via ultrasound (US) - Doppler, with the goal of preventing neurovascular bundle injuries.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 36 feet with equinus deformity (18 cases on the right and left side) in children with a mean age of 20.9 months. The distance between the Achilles tendon and the posterior tibial artery was intraoperatively measured using linear US at 10 MHz with Doppler. The measurement was made 1 cm proximal to the calcaneus insertion of the Achilles, where we planned to perform the tenotomy. The patient's weight and height were also recorded. Kolmogorov-Smirnov, t test, and Pearson correlation analyses were applied. Statistical significance was defined as p < 0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean distance between Achilles tendon and posterior neurovascular tibial bundle was 7.3 mm, and no differences between sexes or sides were observed. The distance was significantly correlated with weight (r = 0.54, p = 0.01) but not height or age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The distance between the Achilles tendon and the tibialis posterior neurovascular bundle is small, and there is a risk of surgical injury during tenotomy of the Achilles tendon.
authors.affiliation: Alcoy General Hospital, Alcoy, Spain, gutierrez_ped@gva.es.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez Carbonell
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Navarro Amoros
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ojeda Peña
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pellicer Garcia
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Moril Peñalver
mesh_terms: D000125:Achilles Tendon / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D059925:Anatomic Landmarks / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004863:Equinus Deformity / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016909:Tibial Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D013979:Tibial Nerve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler / Q000379:methods*