title: Spouse confidence in self-efficacy for arthritis management predicts improved patient health.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In addition to patient self-efficacy, spouse confidence in patient efficacy may also independently predict patient health outcomes. However, the potential influence of spouse confidence has received little research attention.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The current study examined the influence of patient and spouse efficacy beliefs for arthritis management on patient health.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patient health (i.e., arthritis severity, perceived health, depressive symptoms, lower extremity function), patient self-efficacy, and spouse confidence in patients' efficacy were assessed in a sample of knee osteoarthritis patients (N = 152) and their spouses at three time points across an 18-month period. Data were analyzed using structural equation models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Consistent with predictions, spouse confidence in patient efficacy for arthritis management predicted improvements in patient depressive symptoms, perceived health, and lower extremity function over 6 months and in arthritis severity over 1 year.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings add to a growing literature that highlights the important role of spouse perceptions in patients' long-term health.
authors.affiliation: Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA, jgere@kent.edu.
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gere
authors.forename: Lynn M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Martire
authors.forename: Francis J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Keefe
authors.forename: Mary Ann Parris
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Stephens
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schulz
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology; D019468:Disease Management; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D063868:Patient Outcome Assessment; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018454:Spouses / Q000523:psychology*