title: Does topical voriconazole trigger dysplastic changes on the ocular surface?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Systemic voriconazole treatment was reported to cause photosensitivity and related cutaneous malignancies. The aim of this report is to demonstrate a graft-related Candida endophthalmitis case that developed ocular surface dysplastic changes after receiving topical 1% voriconazole treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Full ocular examination, photography, and in vivo confocal microscopy examination (Rostock Cornea Module/HRT II, Heidelberg, Germany) were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A 73-year-old male with graft-related Candida endophthalmitis that was on topical 1% voriconazole for 4 months developed a whitish gelatinous lesion on the cornea originating from the nasal limbus. In vivo confocal microscopy examination revealed mild dysplastic changes in the cornea epithelium.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Topical voriconazole might trigger neoplastic changes on the ocular surface as reported with systemic use in other sun-exposed parts of the body. Further studies are needed to relate topical use of voriconazole with ocular surface dysplasia.
authors.forename: Melis
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Palamar
authors.forename: Sait
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Egrilmez
authors.forename: Suzan Guven
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.forename: Suleyha Hilmioglu
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Polat
authors.forename: Omur Ucakhan
authors.initials: OU
authors.lastname: Gunduz
mesh_terms: D060433:Administration, Ophthalmic; D000368:Aged; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002175:Candida / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D003315:Cornea / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D003316:Corneal Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D003318:Corneal Opacity / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D009877:Endophthalmitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D005134:Eye Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D056965:Injections, Intraocular; D058449:Intravitreal Injections; D008297:Male; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D018307:Neoplasms, Squamous Cell / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D065819:Voriconazole / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D065819:Voriconazole
keywords: Candida,; Confocal microscopy,; Cornea,; Dysplasia,; Penetrating keratoplasty,; Voriconazole