title: Macro advances in microRNAs and myocardial regeneration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Myocardial injury and disease often result in heart failure, a major cause of death worldwide. To achieve myocardial regeneration and foster development of efficient therapeutics for cardiac injury, it is essential to uncover molecular mechanisms that will promote myocardial regeneration. In this review, we examine the latest progress made in elucidation of the roles of small non-coding RNAs called microRNAs (miRs) in myocardial regeneration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Promising progress has been made in studying cardiac regeneration. Several miRs, which include miR-590, miR-199a, miR-17-92 cluster, miR-199a-214 cluster, miR-34a, and miR-15 family, have been recently shown to play an essential role in myocardial regeneration by regulating different processes during cardiac repair, including cell death, proliferation, and metabolism. For example, miR-590 promotes cardiac regeneration through activating cardiomyocyte proliferation, whereas miR-34a inhibits cardiac repair through inducing apoptosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These recent findings shed new light on our understanding of myocardial regeneration and suggest potential novel therapeutic targets to treat cardiac disease.
authors.affiliation: aDepartment of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics bProgram in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza cTexas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: James F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002468:Cell Physiological Phenomena / Q000235:genetics; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000639:trends; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D012038:Regeneration / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs