title: Cycling for transport and recreation: associations with socio-economic position, environmental perceptions, and psychological disposition.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Interest is growing in promoting utility cycling (i.e., for transport) as a means of incorporating daily physical activity (PA) into people's lives, but little is known about correlates of utility cycling. Our primary aim was to examine cross-sectional relationships between socio-economic characteristics, neighborhood environment perceptions and psychological disposition with utility cycling (with or without additional recreational cycling). A secondary aim was to compare these relationships with those for recreation-only cycling.
  
  
  METHODS
  Baseline survey data (2007) from 10,233 participants in HABITAT, a multilevel longitudinal study of PA, sedentary behavior, and health in Brisbane adults aged 40-65years, were analyzed using multinomial regression modeling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Greater income, habitual PA, and positive beliefs about PA were associated with utility and recreation-only cycling (p<0.05). Always having vehicle access and not in the labor force were associated with recreation-only cycling (p<0.05). Some or no vehicle access, part-time employment, and perceived environmental factors (little crime, few cul-de-sacs, nearby transport and recreational destinations) were associated with utility cycling (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest differences in associations between socio-economic, neighborhood perceptions and psychological factors and utility and recreation-only cycling in Brisbane residents aged 40-65years. Tailored approaches appear to be required to promote utility and recreational cycling.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Herston Road, Brisbane, Queensland 4049, Australia; Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Herston Road, Brisbane, Queensland 4049, Australia. Electronic address: k.heesch@qut.edu.au.
authors.forename: Kristiann C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Heesch
authors.affiliation: McCaughey VicHealth Centre for Community Wellbeing, University of Melbourne, Level 5, 207 Bouverie Street, Carlton, Victoria 3010, Australia. Electronic address: b.giles-corti@unimelb.edu.au.
authors.forename: Billie
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Giles-Corti
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Herston Road, Brisbane, Queensland 4049, Australia; Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Herston Road, Brisbane, Queensland 4049, Australia. Electronic address: g.turrell@qut.edu.au.
authors.forename: Gavin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Turrell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001642:Bicycling / Q000523:psychology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004651:Employment / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011793:Queensland; D011998:Recreation / Q000523:psychology*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014186:Transportation / Q000379:methods*; D016138:Walking / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: Active transportation; Health promotion; Influences; Physical activity