title: Extension and refinement of the predictive value of different classes of markers in ADNI: four-year follow-up data.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study examined the predictive value of different classes of markers in the progression from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer's disease (AD) over an extended 4-year follow-up in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database.
  
  
  METHODS
  MCI patients were assessed for clinical, cognitive, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography-fluorodeoxyglucose (PET-FDG), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers at baseline and were followed on a yearly basis for 4 years to ascertain progression to AD. Logistic regression models were fitted in clusters, including demographics, APOE genotype, cognitive markers, and biomarkers (morphometric, PET-FDG, CSF, amyloid-β, and tau).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The predictive model at 4 years revealed that two cognitive measures, an episodic memory measure and a Clock Drawing screening test, were the best predictors of conversion (area under the curve = 0.78).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This model of prediction is consistent with the previous model at 2 years, thus highlighting the importance of cognitive measures in progression from MCI to AD. Cognitive markers were more robust predictors than biomarkers.
authors.affiliation: The Litwin-Zucker Research Center, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA; Fundacion para la Investigacion y Docencia Maria Angustias Gimenez, Hermanas Hospitalarias, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain.
authors.forename: Jesus J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Gomar
authors.affiliation: The Litwin-Zucker Research Center, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Concepcion
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Conejero-Goldberg
authors.affiliation: The Litwin-Zucker Research Center, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA; Hofstra North Shore Long Island Jewish School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.affiliation: The Litwin-Zucker Research Center, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA; Hofstra North Shore Long Island Jewish School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA. Electronic address: tgoldber@nshs.edu.
authors.forename: Terry E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Goldberg
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D061212:Memory, Episodic; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D016875:tau Proteins / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D016875:tau Proteins; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
keywords: Alzheimer's disease; CSF; Cognition; MRI; Mild cognitive impairment; PET-FDG