title: Altered RIG-I/DDX58-mediated innate immunity in dermatomyositis.
abstract: We investigated the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of three inflammatory myopathies, dermatomyositis (DM), polymyositis (PM) and inclusion body myositis (IBM). We performed microarray experiments(†) using microdissected pathological muscle fibres from 15 patients with these disorders and five controls. Differentially expressed candidate genes were validated by immunohistochemistry on muscle biopsies, and the altered pathways were analysed in human myotube cultures. Up-regulation of genes involved in viral and nucleic acid recognition were found in the three myopathies but not in controls. In DM, retinoic acid-inducible gene 1 (RIG-I, DDX58) and the novel antiviral factor DDX60, which promotes RIG-I-mediated signalling, were significantly up-regulated, followed by IFIH1 (MDA5) and TLR3. Immunohistochemistry confirmed over-expression of RIG-I in pathological muscle fibres in 5/5 DM, 0/5 PM and 0/5 IBM patients, and in 0/5 controls. Stimulation of human myotubes with a ligand of RIG-I produced a significant secretion of interferon-β (IFNβ; p < 0.05) and up-regulation of class I MHC, RIG-I and TLR3 (p < 0.05) by IFNβ-dependent and TLR3-independent mechanisms. RIG-I-mediated innate immunity, triggered by a viral or damage signal, plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of DM, but not in that of PM or IBM.
authors.affiliation: Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Institut de Recerca Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Suárez-Calvet
authors.forename: Eduard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gallardo
authors.forename: Gisela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nogales-Gadea
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Querol
authors.forename: Miquel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Navas
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Díaz-Manera
authors.forename: Ricard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rojas-Garcia
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Illa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D000071457:DEAD Box Protein 58; D053487:DEAD-box RNA Helicases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D003882:Dermatomyositis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D002479:Inclusion Bodies / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D000072640:Interferon-Induced Helicase, IFIH1; D016899:Interferon-beta / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D042282:Microdissection; D008875:Middle Aged; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D017285:Polymyositis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051196:Toll-Like Receptor 3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; C495344:TLR3 protein, human; D051196:Toll-Like Receptor 3; D016899:Interferon-beta; C452820:RIGI protein, human; C561888:DDX60 protein, human; C452815:IFIH1 protein, human; D000071457:DEAD Box Protein 58; D053487:DEAD-box RNA Helicases; D000072640:Interferon-Induced Helicase, IFIH1
keywords: DDX58; RIG-I; dermatomyositis; inflammatory myopathy; innate immunity