title: Influence of Genista tinctoria L. or methylparaben on subchronic toxicity of bisphenol A in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the influence of an extract of Genista tinctoria L. herba (GT) or methylparaben (MP) on histopathological changes and 2 biomarkers of oxidative stress in rats subchronicly exposed to bisphenol A (BPA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult female Wistar rats were orally exposed for 90 d to BPA (50 mg/kg), BPA+GT (35 mg isoflavones/kg) or BPA+MP (250 mg/kg). Plasma and tissue samples were taken from liver, kidney, thyroid, uterus, ovary, and mammary gland after 30, 60, and 90 d of exposure respectively. Lipid peroxidation and in vivo hydroxyl radical production were evaluated by histological analysis along with malondialdehyde and 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid detection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The severity of histopathological changes in liver and kidneys was lower after GT treatment than after BPA or BPA+MP treatment. A minimal thyroid receptor antagonist effect was only observed after BPA+MP treatment. The abnormal folliculogenesis increased in a time-dependent manner, and the number of corpus luteum decreased. No significant histological alterations were found in the uterus. The mammary gland displayed specific estrogen stimulation changes at all periods. Both MP and GT revealed antioxidant properties reducing lipid peroxidation and BPA-induced hydroxyl radical generation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GT L. extract ameliorates the toxic effects of BPA and is proved to have antioxidant potential and antitoxic effect. MP has antioxidant properties, but has either no effect or exacerbates the BPA-induced histopathological changes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca 400012, Romania.
authors.forename: Daniela-Saveta
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Popa
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca 400372, Romania; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, PO Box 334, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies.
authors.forename: Pompei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bolfa
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca 400012, Romania.
authors.forename: Bela
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kiss
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, 'Iuliu Haţieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca 400012, Romania.
authors.forename: Laurian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vlase
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, 'Iuliu Haţieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca 400012, Romania.
authors.forename: Ramona
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Păltinean
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca 400012, Romania.
authors.forename: Anca
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pop
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca 400372, Romania.
authors.forename: Cornel
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cătoi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, 'Iuliu Haţieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca 400012, Romania.
authors.forename: Gianina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Crişan
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca 400012, Romania.
authors.forename: Felicia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Loghin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D039761:Genista; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical / Q000097:blood; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010226:Parabens / Q000633:toxicity*; D010636:Phenols / Q000633:toxicity*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; D010226:Parabens; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; C015358:methylparaben; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
keywords: Food contaminant; Hydroxyl radical; Lipid peroxidation; Morphological effect; Phytoestrogen