title: Charge and spin transport in mesoscopic superconductors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Non-equilibrium charge transport in superconductors has been investigated intensely in the 1970s and 1980s, mostly in the vicinity of the critical temperature. Much less attention has been paid to low temperatures and the role of the quasiparticle spin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We report here on nonlocal transport in superconductor hybrid structures at very low temperatures. By comparing the nonlocal conductance obtained by using ferromagnetic and normal-metal detectors, we discriminate charge and spin degrees of freedom. We observe spin injection and long-range transport of pure, chargeless spin currents in the regime of large Zeeman splitting. We elucidate charge and spin transport by comparison to theoretical models.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The observed long-range chargeless spin transport opens a new path to manipulate and utilize the quasiparticle spin in superconductor nanostructures.
authors.affiliation: Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institut für Nanotechnologie, P.O. Box 3640, D-72021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.affiliation: Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institut für Nanotechnologie, P.O. Box 3640, D-72021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hübler
authors.affiliation: Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institut für Nanotechnologie, P.O. Box 3640, D-72021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kolenda
authors.affiliation: Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institut für Nanotechnologie, P.O. Box 3640, D-72021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Beckmann
keywords: spintronics; superconductor–ferromagnet hybrids