title: Utility of magnifying endoscopy with narrow band imaging in determining the invasion depth of superficial pharyngeal cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Magnifying endoscopy with narrow band imaging (ME-NBI) is useful to diagnose invasion depth of superficial esophageal cancer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of ME-NBI of superficial pharyngeal cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between April 2008 and June 2012, 146 lesions in 104 patients who underwent ME-NBI and en bloc resection were retrospectively analyzed. Based on magnifying endoscopic classification, proposed by the Japan Esophageal Society, microvasculature type was classified into B1, B2, and B3.
  
  
  RESULTS
  B1 alone, B2, and B3 were observed in 128, 14, and 4 lesions, respectively. The frequency of subepithelial cancer were 20.3% (26 of 128), 78.6% (11 of 14), and 100% (4 of 4), respectively (p < .05). Mean invasion distance were 650 μm, 720.0 μm, and 2256.5 μm. Positive and negative predictive value for diagnosing subepithelial cancer based on the presence of B2 or B3 was 83.3% (15 of 18) and 79.7% (102 of 128).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ME-NBI is useful to determining invasion depth of superficial pharyngeal cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iizuka
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsukasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Furuhata
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kosuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nomura
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kuribayashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryuusuke
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Matsui
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshifumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mitani
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidehiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hoteya
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsuru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaise
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007828:Laryngoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D062048:Narrow Band Imaging; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010610:Pharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D000077195:Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
keywords: invasion depth; magnified endoscopy; narrow band imaging; squamous cell carcinoma; superficial pharyngeal cancer