title: A simple and rapid screening method for sulfonamides in honey using a flow injection system coupled to a liquid waveguide capillary cell.
abstract: A rapid and simple screening method was developed for the determination of sulfonamides in honey samples by flow injection analysis (FIA) coupled to a liquid waveguide capillary cell. The proposed method is based on the reaction between sulfonamides and p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde (p-DAC) in the presence of sodium dodecylsulate (SDS) in dilute acid medium (hydrochloric acid), with the reaction product being measured spectrophotometrically at λ(max) = 565 nm. Experimental design methodology was used to optimize the analytical conditions. The proposed technique was applied to the determination of sulfonamides (sulfaquinoxaline, sulfadimethoxine, and sulfathiazole) in honey samples, in a concentration range from 6.00 × 10(-3) to 1.15 × 10(-1)mg L(-1). The detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) limits were 1.66 × 10(-3) and 5.54 × 10(-3)mg L(-1), respectively. Positive and false positive samples were also analyzed by a confirmatory HPLC method. The proposed system enables the screening of sulfonamides in honey samples with a low number of false positive results, with fast response therefore offers a new tool for consumer protection.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho", UNESP, R. Prof. Francisco Degni 55, PO Box 355, 14800-900 Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tiago Augusto
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Catelani
authors.affiliation: REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Química Aplicada, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n.° 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal.
authors.forename: Ildikó Vargáné
authors.initials: IV
authors.lastname: Tóth
authors.affiliation: REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Química Aplicada, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n.° 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal.
authors.forename: José L F C
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho", UNESP, R. Prof. Francisco Degni 55, PO Box 355, 14800-900 Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pezza
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho", UNESP, R. Prof. Francisco Degni 55, PO Box 355, 14800-900 Araraquara, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: hrpezza@iq.unesp.br.
authors.forename: Helena Redigolo
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Pezza
mesh_terms: D017022:Flow Injection Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D006722:Honey / Q000032:analysis*; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D013449:Sulfonamides
keywords: Flow injection analysis (FIA); Green chemistry; Liquid waveguide capillary cell (LWCC); Screening; Sulfonamides