title: Cytokine changes in colonic mucosa associated with Blastocystis spp. subtypes 1 and 3 in diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome.
abstract: We determined cytokines (e.g. interleukin-8, 10, 12 and TNF-α) expression by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and in rectal mucosa in diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (D-IBS) with Blastocystis spp. Eighty patients with D-IBS and Blastocystis spp. infection were classified as 'cases' and 80 with D-IBS without Blastocystis spp. infection were classified as 'control'. Cases were subdivided into D-IBS and Blastocystis sp. defined type 1 (subtype-specific primer SB83) and type 3 (SB227). Stool microscopy and culture were performed. Rectal biopsies were obtained for histology and cytokines by real-time PCR for mRNA expression of cytokines. PBMCs IL-8 was similar in different groups but in type 1, IL-8mRNA was increased compared with type 3 (P = 0·001) and control (P = 0·001). In type 1, IL-10 by PBMCs had a low mean value (14·5±1·6) compared with (16·7±1·5) type 3 and (16±2·3) in controls (P<0·001 and P<0·001, respectively). In Blastocystis sp. type 1, low IL-10 was associated with lymphocyte and plasma cell infiltration (P = 0·015 and P = 0·002, respectively). In Blastocystis sp. type 1 and type 3, IL-12 was associated with goblet cell depletion 23 (85%) (P<0·001) and 8 (29%) (P = 0·037), respectively. In Blastocystis sp. type 1, low IL-10 was associated with a proinflammatory response characterized by IL-8.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Javed
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yakoob
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Zaigham
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Abbas
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad Waqas
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Usman
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Aisha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sultana
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Safia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Awan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Zubair
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Saeed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hamid
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Wasim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jafri
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016844:Blastocystis / Q000145:classification*; D016776:Blastocystis Infections / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D003106:Colon / Q000378:metabolism*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000378:metabolism / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000469:parasitology; D043183:Irritable Bowel Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines