title: The Role of Ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 and Adenosine Signaling in Solid Organ Transplantation.
abstract: Extracellular adenosine is a potent immunomodulatory molecule that accumulates in states of inflammation. Nucleotides such as adenosine triphosphate and adenosine diphosphate are release from injured and necrotic cells and hydrolyzed to adenosine monophosphate and adenosine by the concerted action of the ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73. Accumulating evidence suggest that purinergic signaling is involved in the inflammatory response that accompanies acute rejection and chronic allograft dysfunction. Modification of the purinergic pathway has been shown to alter graft survival in a number of solid organ transplant models and the response to ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Furthermore, the purinergic pathway is intrinsically involved in B and T cell biology and function. Although T cells have traditionally been considered the orchestrators of acute allograft rejection, a role for B cells in chronic allograft loss is being increasingly appreciated. This review focuses on the role of the ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 and adenosine signaling in solid organ transplantation including the effects on IRI and T and B cell biology.
authors.affiliation: Immunology Research Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne and Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne , Melbourne, VIC , Australia.
authors.forename: Veena
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.affiliation: Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Faculté de Pharmacie et Institut du Cancer de Montréal , Montréal, QC , Canada.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stagg
authors.affiliation: Immunology Research Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne and Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne , Melbourne, VIC , Australia.
authors.forename: Karen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Dwyer
keywords: B cells; CD39; CD73; Treg; adenosine