title: Protective effect of the edible brown alga Ecklonia stolonifera on doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity in primary rat hepatocytes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  As part of our efforts to isolate anti-hepatotoxic agents from marine natural products, we screened the ability of 14 edible varieties of Korean seaweed to protect against doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity in primary rat hepatocytes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Among the crude extracts of two Chlorophyta (Codium fragile and Capsosiphon fulvescens), seven Phaeophyta (Undaria pinnatifida, Sargassum thunbergii, Pelvetia siliquosa, Ishige okamurae, Ecklonia cava, Ecklonia stolonifera and Eisenia bicyclis), five Rhodophyta (Chondrus ocellatus, Gelidium amansii, Gracilaria verrucosa, Symphycladia latiuscula and Porphyra tenera), and the extracts of Ecklonia stolonifera, Ecklonia cava, Eisenia bicyclis and Pelvetia siliquosa exhibited significant protective effects on doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity, with half maximal effective concentration (EC50) values of 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 and 15.0 μg/ml, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Since Ecklonia stolonifera exhibits a significant protective potential and is frequently used as foodstuff, we isolated six phlorotannins, including phloroglucinol (1), dioxinodehydroeckol (2), eckol (3), phlorofucofuroeckol A (4), dieckol (5) and triphloroethol-A (6). Phlorotannins 2 ∼ 6 exhibited potential protective effects on doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity, with corresponding EC50 values of 3.4, 8.3, 4.4, 5.5 and 11.5 μg/ml, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results clearly demonstrated that the anti-hepatotoxic effects of Ecklonia stolonifera and its isolated phlorotannins are useful for further exploration and development of therapeutic modalities for treatment of hepatotoxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Ah
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Jae-I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Se Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Choung
authors.forename: Jae Sue
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001572:Benzofurans / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D004147:Dioxins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D000459:Phaeophyceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D010696:Phloroglucinol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012624:Seaweed / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001572:Benzofurans; D004147:Dioxins; D020011:Protective Agents; C503840:dieckol; C550453:dioxinodehydroeckol; C504400:triphlorethol-A; D004317:Doxorubicin; C060311:eckol; D010696:Phloroglucinol
keywords: Ecklonia stolonifera; doxorubicin; hepatotoxicity; phlorotannin; seaweed