title: Using a drug-word Stroop task to differentiate recreational from dependent drug use.
abstract: Distinguishing dependent from recreational drug use can be a surprisingly difficult task, and the current means for identifying substance abuse can be inadequate or even misleading. In subjective self-reports, those who are most at risk may down play their consumption, not admitting to the full extent of their habit, and measures purely of quantity of use rarely capture the true nature of an individual's relationship to the drug, such as a psychological dependence on the substance. This trend is particularly true for heavy stimulant use, which is absent of the physical withdrawal symptoms that can help identify opiate or alcohol dependence. As such, a simple objective measure to help identify substance abuse, particularly in individuals who might not otherwise raise suspicion, would be a valuable tool in both clinical and experimental settings. We propose that the drug-word Stroop task, an objective assessment of attentional bias and distraction to salient drug-related stimuli, would be a valuable tool in helping to make these categorizations. This measure has been shown to correlate with drug craving, as well as to successfully distinguish dependent from recreational stimulant users and to help to predict outcomes in treatment-seeking individuals. Here, we survey prior literature on the drug-word Stroop task and provide a perspective on using the assessment as a potential diagnostic for drug use severity.
authors.affiliation: 1Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute,Department of Psychology,University of Cambridge,Cambridge,UK.
authors.forename: Dana G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: 2Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute,Department of Psychiatry,University of Cambridge,Cambridge,UK.
authors.forename: Karen D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Ersche
mesh_terms: D001288:Attention; D015982:Bias; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D003463:Cues; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs; D057190:Stroop Test; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D014936:Word Association Tests
chemical_list: D013287:Illicit Drugs