title: Triple-negative breast carcinoma: current and emerging concepts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Triple-negative breast cancer is regarded as an aggressive disease that affects a young patient population and for which effective targeted therapy is not yet available.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intense efforts have been made to gain a better understanding of this heterogeneous group of tumors from the histologic to the genomic and molecular levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Progress has been made, including the ability to subtype these tumors and the discovery of biomarkers toward which current therapeutic efforts are focused. Many novel targets under exploration have the potential to affect the clinical course of this disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This article reviews the current concepts regarding the clinicopathologic features of triple-negative breast carcinoma, its histologic subtypes, molecular classification, the prognostic and therapeutic potential of biomarkers, and emerging targeted therapies.
authors.affiliation: Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Health Sciences Tower, Level 4, Room 184, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8430; meenakshi.singh@stonybrookmedicine.edu.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schmadeka
authors.forename: Bryan E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Harmon
authors.forename: Meenakshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D051496:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1 / Q000235:genetics; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000187:drug effects; D064726:Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D016217:Ultrasonography, Mammary
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C546842:MTOR protein, human; C512478:EGFR protein, human; D066246:ErbB Receptors; C496348:FGFR1 protein, human; D051496:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
keywords: Biomarkers; Breast cancer; Pathology; Therapeutic efforts; Triple negative