title: Blood lead and cadmium levels in children: A study conducted in Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Exposure to lead and cadmium in developing countries is considered to be a public health emergency. The present study was designed to investigate children's exposure to lead and cadmium in Changchun, China.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1619 blood samples were collected at random from 1426 children between one and 14 years of age, and 204 adults from Changchun, China. Blood lead and cadmium levels were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average blood lead level in children was 60.29 μg/L, with boys exhibiting higher blood lead levels than girls. The average blood cadmium level in children was 1.26 μg/L, and differences were not observed between boys and girls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children from Changchun exhibited relatively low blood lead and cadmium levels compared with children from other cities, and higher lead and lower cadmium levels than adults. This may be related to leaded gasoline environmental pollution and children's hand-to-mouth activities.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China;
authors.forename: Jianling
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China;
authors.forename: Lianxi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sheng
authors.affiliation: Child Health Care Department, The Second Clinical Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Zhenghong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China;
authors.forename: Lianjin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hong
keywords: Blood; Cadmium; Changchun; Children; Lead