title: Resveratrol prevents neuronal apoptosis in an early brain injury model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Resveratrol has been shown to attenuate cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH); however, no study has explored its neuroprotective effect in early brain injury (EBI) after experimental SAH. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antiapoptotic function of resveratrol in EBI and its relationship with the PI3K/Akt survival pathway.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental SAH was induced in adult male rats by prechiasmatic cistern injection. Control and SAH rats were divided into six groups and treated with low (20 mg/kg) or high (60 mg/kg) concentrations of resveratrol with or without LY294002 cotreatment. Brain samples of the rats were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence staining, Western blotting, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) apoptosis assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High-concentration but not low-concentration resveratrol treatment in SAH rats led to a significant increase in phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) protein levels compared with SAH rats without treatment. In addition, p-Akt-positive cells mainly colocalized with NeuN-positive cells. Neuronal apoptosis in SAH rat brain was attenuated by high-concentration resveratrol treatment. The antiapoptotic effect of resveratrol in SAH rats could be partially abrogated by the PI3K/Akt signaling inhibitor LY294002.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results show that resveratrol has an antiapoptotic effect in EBI and that resveratrol might act through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Ming
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China. Electronic address: mengliangzhou@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Meng-Liang
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Xiang-Sheng
authors.initials: XS
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Zong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhuang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Ji-Xin
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China. Electronic address: zhangxsp@163.com.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D007395:Interneurons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D000077185:Resveratrol; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013267:Stilbenes; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D000077185:Resveratrol
keywords: Akt; Apoptosis; Early brain injury; PI3K; Resveratrol; Subarachnoid hemorrhage