title: Outcome of double bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using crosspin and aperture fixation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Double bundle anterior cruciate ligament (DBACL) reconstruction is said to reproduce the native anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) anatomy better than single bundle anterior cruciate ligament, whether it leads to better functional results is debatable. Different fixation methods have been used for DBACL reconstruction, the most common being aperture fixation on tibial side and cortical suspensory fixation on the femoral side. We present the results of DBACL reconstruction technique, wherein on the femoral side anteromedial (AM) bundle is fixed with a crosspin and aperture fixation was done for the posterolateral (PL) bundle.
  
  
  METHODS
  Out of 157 isolated ACL injury patients who underwent ACL reconstruction, 100 were included in the prospective study. Arthroscopic DBACL reconstruction was done using ipsilateral hamstring autograft. AM bundle was fixed using Transfix (Arthrex, Naples, FL, USA) on the femoral side and bio interference screw (Arthrex, Naples, FL, USA) on the tibial side. PL bundle was fixed on femoral as well as on tibial side with a biointerference screw. Patients were evaluated using KT-1000 arthrometer, Lysholm score, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Score and isokinetic muscle strength testing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Out of 157 isolated ACL injury patients who underwent ACL reconstruction, 100 were included in the prospective study. Arthroscopic DBACL reconstruction was done using ipsilateral hamstring autograft. AM bundle was fixed using Transfix (Arthrex, Naples, FL, USA) on the femoral side and bio interference screw (Arthrex, Naples, FL, USA) on the tibial side. PL bundle was fixed on femoral as well as on tibial side with a biointerference screw. Patients were evaluated using KT-1000 arthrometer, Lysholm score, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Score and isokinetic muscle strength testing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The KT-1000 results were evaluated using paired t test with the P value set at 0.001. At the end of 1 year, the anteroposterior side to side translation difference (KT-1000 manual maximum) showed mean improvement from 5.1 mm ± 1.5 preoperatively to 1.6 mm ± 1.2 (P < 0.001) postoperatively. The Lysholm score too showed statistically significant (P < 0.001) improvement from 52.4 ± 15.2 (range: 32-76) preoperatively to a postoperative score of 89.1 Â± 3.2 (range 67-100). According to the IKDC score 90% patients had normal results (Category A and B). The AM femoral tunnel initial posterior blow out was seen in 4 patients and confluence in the intraarticular part of the femoral tunnels was seen in 6 patients intraoperatively. The quadriceps strength on isokinetic testing had an average deficit of 10.3% while the hamstrings had a 5.2% deficit at the end of 1 year as compared with the normal side.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study revealed that the DBACL reconstruction using crosspin fixation for AM bundle and aperture fixation for PL bundle on the femoral side resulted in significant improvement in KT 1000, Lysholm and IKDC scores.
authors.affiliation: Sports Injury Centre, Safdarjung Hospital, Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Deepak
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Joshi
authors.affiliation: Sports Injury Centre, Safdarjung Hospital, Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Vineet
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.affiliation: Sports Injury Centre, Safdarjung Hospital, Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Ankit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goyal
authors.affiliation: Sports Injury Centre, Safdarjung Hospital, Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Vibhu
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bahl
authors.affiliation: Sports Injury Centre, Safdarjung Hospital, Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Prashant
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Modi
authors.affiliation: Sports Injury Centre, Safdarjung Hospital, Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Deepak
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chaudhary
keywords: Anterior cruciate ligament; double bundle reconstruction; fixation technique