title: The effect of procyanidin on expression of STAT1 in type 2 diabetes mellitus SD rats with focal cerebral ischemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Diabetes with cerebral infarction is a common disease that severely impacts health. This study investigated the effect of procyanidin (PC) on the expression of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT1) in type 2 diabetes mellitus SD rats with focal cerebral ischemia. We then explored the protective mechanisms of PC in type 2 diabetes mellitus SD rats with focal cerebral ischemia, to provide theory evidence for its clinical application.
  
  
  METHODS
  We set up a type 2 diabetes mellitus-MCAO model, evaluated neurological function, and used immunohistochemistry methods to measure the activity of STAT1.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The brain expression of STAT1 in rats of the sham-operation group was low, but more STAT1 positive cells were found in normal rats with ischemia and in rats with both type 2 diabetes and ischemia when groups were compared with the sham-operation group (p<0.01). Compared with rats that had type 2 diabetes and ischemia, the numbers of STAT1 positive cells after low, medium and high-doses of PC were all decreased (p<0.01), whereby the mid and high-dose groups showed a more substantial decrease (p<0.01) and with no variance between the two groups (p>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that PC has a neuroprotective effect on type 2 diabetes mellitus-MCAO; this may be through decreasing the expression of STAT1, which influences the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway that may inhibit apoptosis to relieve neurological impairment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Benxi Central Hospital of China Medical University, Benxi, China.
authors.forename: Cheng-guang
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Benxi Central Hospital of China Medical University, Benxi, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China.
authors.forename: Lian-qiu
authors.initials: LQ
authors.lastname: Min
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Benxi Central Hospital of China Medical University, Benxi, China.
authors.forename: Chang-xi
authors.initials: CX
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
authors.forename: Chuan-sheng
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D044946:Biflavonoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D002392:Catechin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D053612:Janus Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D044946:Biflavonoids; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor; C494079:STAT1 protein, human; C017674:procyanidin; D002392:Catechin; D053612:Janus Kinases