title: Relative quantitative expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α messenger ribonucleic acid in recurrent craniopharyngiomas.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Craniopharyngioma is a benign tumor, but recurrences are common and prognosis is poor. The pathologic mechanism underlying the high recurrence is still unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We hypothesized that there are hypoxic microenvironments within craniopharyngiomas and hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) and its related genes are largely expressed in recurrent craniopharyngiomas.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 19 patients with craniopharyngiomas have been identified. The relative quantitative expressions of HIF-1α, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and carbonic adhydrase 9 (CA9) messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) of craniopharyngioma tissues were detected by real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HIF-1α and VEGF mRNA was significantly up-regulated in recurrent craniopharyngiomas. Mean expression levels (recurrent craniopharyngiomas compared with non-recurrent craniopharyngiomas, as normalized to expression of β-actin) were 3.09 versus 0.75 (P = 0.001) for HIF-1α, 1.07 versus 0.32 (P = 0.000) for VEGF, 1.21 versus 1.93 (P = 0.503) for CA9. In craniopharyngiomas, the expression of VEGF showed a significant correlation with HIF-1α (r = 0.836, P = 0.000).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There were hypoxic microenvironments within craniopharyngiomas. Therefore, preventing the tumor cells from adapting to the hypoxic conditions may be an effective way to obviate the relapse of craniopharyngioma.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Zhiyong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: You
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
authors.forename: Jianguo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000071231:Carbonic Anhydrase IX; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003397:Craniopharyngioma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D051793:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D051793:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C089226:CA9 protein, human; D000071231:Carbonic Anhydrase IX; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases