title: Effect of ω-3 fatty acid ethyl esters on apolipoprotein B-48 kinetics in obese subjects on a weight-loss diet: a new tracer kinetic study in the postprandial state.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dysregulated chylomicron metabolism may account for hypertriglyceridemia and increased risk of cardiovascular disease in obese subjects. Supplementation with ω-3 fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE) decreases plasma triglyceride. However, its effect on postprandial chylomicron metabolism in obese subjects on a weight-loss diet has not yet been investigated.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to examine the effect of ω-3 FAEE supplementation on apolipoprotein (apo) B-48 kinetics in obese subjects on a weight-loss diet.
  
  
  METHODS
  We carried out a 12-week, randomized trial of a hypocaloric diet plus 4 g/d ω-3 FAEE supplementation (46% eicosapentaenoic acid and 38% docosahexaenoic acid) (n = 13) compared with a hypocaloric diet alone (n = 12) on postprandial apoB-48 kinetics in obese subjects after ingestion of an oral load. The apoB-48 kinetics were determined using stable isotope tracer kinetics and multicompartmental modeling.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated plasma total and incremental apoB-48 0- to 10-hour area under the curves (AUCs) as well as apoB-48 secretion and fractional catabolic rate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Weight loss with or without ω-3 FAEE supplementation significantly reduced body weight, total fat mass, homeostasis model assessment score, fasting triglyceride concentration, postprandial triglyceride AUC, and increased plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration (P < .05 in all). Compared with weight loss alone, weight loss plus ω-3 FAEE significantly (all P < .05) decreased fasting triglyceride (-11%), apoB-48 (-36%) concentrations, postprandial triglyceride (-21%), and apoB-48 (-22%) total AUCs, as well as incremental postprandial triglyceride AUCs (-32%). The ω-3 FAEE also significantly decreased apoB-48 secretion in the basal state, without a significant effect during the postprandial period (3-6 hours). The fractional catabolic rate of apoB-48 increased with both interventions with no significant independent effect of ω-3 FAEE supplementation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Addition of ω-3 FAEE supplementation to a moderate weight-loss diet in obese subjects can significantly improve chylomicron metabolism by independently decreasing the secretion of apoB-48.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine and Pharmacology (A.T.Y.W., D.C.C., P.H.R.B., G.F.W.) and Faculty of Engineering, Computing, and Mathematics (P.H.R.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, WA 6847 Australia; and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (L.A.A.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, WA 6009 Australia.
authors.forename: Annette T Y
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Dick C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: P Hugh R
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Barrett
authors.forename: Leon A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: Gerald F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Watts
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D053283:Apolipoprotein B-48 / Q000378:metabolism*; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007553:Isotope Labeling; D007700:Kinetics; D007930:Leucine / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*; D019518:Postprandial Period / Q000187:drug effects*; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000187:drug effects; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D053283:Apolipoprotein B-48; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D007930:Leucine