title: Economic impact of tibial plateau leveling osteotomy surgical site infection in dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the economic impact of surgical site infection after tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) in dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study
  
  
  METHODS
  Dogs that had unilateral TPLO and did (n = 32) or did not (controls; 32) develop a surgical site infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical and billing records were reviewed to identify postoperative care and costs, which were compared between groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Age, weight, gender, and initial surgical costs did not differ between groups. Postoperative costs were higher for dogs that developed SSIs ($1559) than for controls ($212, P < .0001), as were number of postoperative recheck visits (P < .0001) and time until final case closure (P = .0002). Dogs with surgical site infection (SSI) returned for a mean (±SD) 4.1 ± 2.9 (range, 1-13) postoperative visits attributable to SSI management: mean outpatient visits 3.0 ± 2.5; mean inpatient stays, 1.2 ± 0.74; and mean hospitalization, 4.3 ± 4.1 days. Postoperative costs attributable to SSI management ranged from $145 to $5022. Implants were removed in 22 (69%) dogs with SSIs. Bacteria were isolated from the surgical site or implant of 23 (72%) dogs with SSIs. There was a significant difference in cost when bacteria were isolated ($1836 versus $853, P = .002), but no impacts on likelihood of implant removal (16/23, 70% versus 6/9, 67%, P = 0.87). Staphylococcus pseudintermedius was predominant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SSI after TPLO are associated with a significant cost. These data help quantify those costs, to facilitate a greater understanding of the impact of SSI, and the need for infection control.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nicoll
authors.forename: Ameet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: J Scott
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Weese
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000191:economics / Q000382:microbiology / Q000601:surgery*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs; D008297:Male; D009864:Ontario; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000662:veterinary*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013210:Staphylococcus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000191:economics / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D013977:Tibia / Q000601:surgery; D014730:Veterinary Medicine