title: What should we tell prostate cancer patients about (secondary) prevention?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To briefly summarize the epidemiologic findings of selected lifestyle factors for prostate cancer progression, metastasis, or death, with a focus on behaviors after diagnosis where possible. We conclude by providing guidance on the lifestyle practices that physicians may wish to prioritize for discussion with their patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Growing, but still limited, evidence suggests that lifestyle factors after prostate cancer diagnosis may impact prostate-cancer-specific and overall morality. In particular, smoking and obesity may increase the risk of disease progression and mortality, whereas engaging in vigorous physical activity or brisk walking and consuming a diet rich in vegetables (particularly tomato sauce and cruciferous) and vegetable fats may lower the risk.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients should be counseled not to use tobacco products; to engage in daily physical activity; to minimize sedentary behavior; to consume plenty of healthy fats (i.e. fish, nuts, vegetable oils, soybeans, avocados, and flaxseed) and vegetables; to focus on getting nutrients from foods rather than supplements; and to limit refined grains, sugars, processed meat, and high-fat dairy.
authors.affiliation: aDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics bDepartment of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
authors.forename: June M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Erin L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Van Blarigan
authors.forename: Stacey A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Kenfield
mesh_terms: D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D015444:Exercise; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009765:Obesity / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy*; D065840:Protective Factors; D012307:Risk Factors; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D055502:Secondary Prevention / Q000379:methods*; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D016896:Treatment Outcome