title: Contact hypersensitivity to haptens of the European standard series and corticosteroid series in the population of adolescents and adults with atopic dermatitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Until recently, it was thought that in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD), contact hypersensitivity phenomenon occurs less frequently than in the general population because of the impaired cellular immune response.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of contact dermatitis in the population of patients with AD.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 39 patients with clinical diagnosis of AD during remission were patch tested with 28 European Baseline Series allergens and 8 corticosteroids allergens in different concentrations and media. Twenty-nine (74.3%) patients were female and 10 (25.6%) patients were male. Thirty-three (84.6%) patients were older than 18 years. The mean duration of AD was 20 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nineteen (48%) patients had an allergic reaction to at least 1 European Standard Series allergen, and 5 (12.8%) patients had an allergic reaction to at least 1 corticosteroid. The most common allergens giving positive results were nickel sulfate (28.2%), potassium dichromate (20.5%), cobalt chloride (12.8%), and phenylenediamine, budesonide, betamethasone, clobetasol, and dexamethasone (7.7% each).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that allergic contact hypersensitivity is common among patients with AD and affects up to 40% of cases. Contact allergy to corticosteroids becomes a serious problem in the treatment of chronic inflammatory dermatoses such as AD.
authors.affiliation: From the *Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Lodz; and †Department of Occupational Diseases, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kot
authors.forename: Jaroslaw
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bogaczewicz
authors.forename: Beata
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Krecisz
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wozniacka
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019819:Budesonide / Q000009:adverse effects; D003035:Cobalt / Q000009:adverse effects; D017449:Dermatitis, Allergic Contact / Q000209:etiology*; D003876:Dermatitis, Atopic / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006241:Haptens / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009532:Nickel / Q000009:adverse effects; D010328:Patch Tests; D010655:Phenylenediamines / Q000009:adverse effects; D011192:Potassium Dichromate / Q000009:adverse effects; D011246:Pregnadienetriols / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012737:Sex Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D006241:Haptens; D010655:Phenylenediamines; D011246:Pregnadienetriols; D003035:Cobalt; C029938:nickel sulfate; D019819:Budesonide; D009532:Nickel; C018021:cobaltous chloride; D011192:Potassium Dichromate