title: Validation of ultrasound measurement of the subacromial space using a novel shoulder phantom model.
abstract: Ultrasound has a high degree of diagnostic accuracy in the assessment of rotator cuff tendons. Increasingly, ultrasound is being used to measure other parameters of rotator cuff pathology, including the size of the subacromial space, or acromiohumeral distance (AHD). Although this measure has been found to be clinically reliable, no assessment of its validity has been carried out. This technical study reports on the development of a novel ultrasound phantom of the shoulder and its use in validation of ultrasound measurement of AHD. There was a close agreement between AHD measures using ultrasound and the true subacromial space of the phantom model, providing support for the construct validity of this measurement. The phantom model has good potential for further development as a training tool for shoulder ultrasound and guided injections.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Therapies, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland. Electronic address: karen.mccreesh@ul.ie.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: McCreesh
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Pratik
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Adusumilli
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Tony
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.affiliation: Academic Unit of Diagnostic Imaging, School of Healthcare, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Riley
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.affiliation: Central London Community Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Allied Health Professions and Midwifery, School of Health and Social Work, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Jeremy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lewis
mesh_terms: D000174:Acromion / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006801:Humans; D006811:Humerus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D017006:Rotator Cuff / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Acromiohumeral distance; Shoulder; Ultrasound phantom