title: IgG response to intracerebral xenotransplantation: specificity and role in the rejection of porcine neurons.
abstract: Xenogenic fetal neuroblasts are considered as a potential source of transplantable cells for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, but immunological barriers limit their use in the clinic. While considerable work has been performed to decipher the role of the cellular immune response in the rejection of intracerebral xenotransplants, there is much still to learn about the humoral reaction. To this end, the IgG response to the transplantation of fetal porcine neural cells (PNC) into the rat brain was analyzed. Rat sera did not contain preformed antibodies against PNC, but elicited anti-porcine IgG was clearly detected in the host blood once the graft was rejected. Only the IgG1 and IgG2a subclasses were up-regulated, suggesting a T-helper 2 immune response. The main target of these elicited IgG antibodies was porcine neurons, as determined by double labeling in vitro and in vivo. Complement and anti-porcine IgG were present in the rejecting grafts, suggesting an active role of the host humoral response in graft rejection. This hypothesis was confirmed by the prolonged survival of fetal porcine neurons in the striatum of immunoglobulin-deficient rats. These data suggest that the prolonged survival of intracerebral xenotransplants relies on the control of both cell-mediated and humoral immune responses.
authors.affiliation: INSERM, UMR 1064, Center for Research in Transplantation and Immunology, Nantes, France; CHU de Nantes, Institut de Transplantation et de Recherche en Transplantation, ITERT, Nantes, France; LUNAM Université, Université de Nantes, Faculté de Médecine, Nantes, France.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mathieux
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nerrière-Daguin
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lévèque
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Michel-Monigadon
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Durand
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bonnamain
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ménoret
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Anegon
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Naveilhan
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Neveu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000888:Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic / Q000276:immunology* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000601:surgery; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006085:Graft Survival; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000637:transplantation; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D013552:Swine; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous
chemical_list: D000888:Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; C048844:anti-IgG
keywords: Antibodies; humoral rejection; knockout; neural grafts; xenotransplantation