title: Economic evaluation of BST-CarGel as an adjunct to microfracture vs microfracture alone in knee cartilage surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Knee cartilage damage is a common cause of referral for orthopedic surgery. Treatment aims to reduce pain and symptoms by repairing cartilage. Microfracture, the current standard of care, yields good short-term clinical outcomes; however, treatment might fail after 2-3 years. A Chitosan-Beta glycerolphosphate-based medical device (BST-CarGel) is used as an adjunct to microfracture and demonstrates improvements in quantity and quality of repaired tissue, potentially reducing the risk of treatment failure. This study aimed to establish the economic value of BST-CarGel vs microfracture alone in knee cartilage repair from the societal perspective, using Germany as the reference market.
  
  
  METHODS
  A decision tree with a 20-year time-horizon was constructed, in which undesirable clinical events were inferred following initial surgery. These events consisted of pain management, surgery, and total knee replacement. Clinical outcomes were taken from the pivotal clinical trial, supplemented by other literature. Data and assumptions were validated by a Delphi panel. All relevant resource use and costs for procedures and events were considered.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In a group of patients with all lesion sizes, the model inferred that BST-CarGel yields a positive return on investment at year 4 (with 20-year cumulative cost savings of €6448). Reducing the incremental risk of treatment failure gap between the device and microfracture by 25-50% does not alter this conclusion. Cost savings are greatest for patients with large lesions; results for patients with small lesions are more modest.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinical evidence for microfracture and other interventions varies in quality. Comparative long-term data are lacking. The comparison is limited to microfracture and looks only at costs without considering quality-of-life.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BST-CarGel potentially represents a cost-saving alternative for patients with knee cartilage injury by reducing the risk of clinical events through regeneration of chondral tissue with hyaline characteristics. Since the burden of this condition is high, both to the patient and society, an effective and economically viable alternative is of importance.
authors.affiliation: Data 4 Actions , Laval, Quebec , Canada.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Frappier
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Stanish
authors.forename: Mats
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brittberg
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Steinwachs
authors.forename: Lydia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Crowe
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Castelo
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Restrepo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019645:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee / Q000191:economics; D002356:Cartilage / Q000601:surgery*; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D003663:Decision Trees; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D007718:Knee Injuries / Q000601:surgery; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018803:Models, Economic; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic