title: A novel three serum phospholipid panel differentiates normal individuals from those with prostate cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The results of prostate specific antigen (PSA) and digital rectal examination (DRE) screenings lead to both under and over treatment of prostate cancer (PCa). As such, there is an urgent need for the identification and evaluation of new markers for early diagnosis and disease prognosis. Studies have shown a link between PCa, lipids and lipid metabolism. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the concentrations and distribution of serum lipids in patients with PCa as compared with serum from controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) lipid profiling, we analyzed serum phospholipids from age-matched subjects who were either newly diagnosed with PCa or healthy (normal).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that cholester (CE), dihydrosphingomyelin (DSM), phosphatidylcholine (PC), egg phosphatidylcholine (ePC) and egg phosphatidylethanolamine (ePE) are the 5 major lipid groups that varied between normal and cancer serums. ePC 38:5, PC 40:3, and PC 42:4 represent the lipids species most prevalent in PCa as compared with normal serum. Further analysis revealed that serum ePC 38:5 ≥0.015 nmoles, PC 40.3 ≤0.001 nmoles and PC 42:4 ≤0.0001 nmoles correlated with the absence of PCa at 94% prediction. Conversely, serum ePC 38:5 ≤0.015 nmoles, PC 40:3 ≥0.001 nmoles, and PC 42:4 ≥0.0001 nmoles correlated with the presence of PCa.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In summary, we have demonstrated that ePC 38:5, PC 40:3, and PC 42:4 may serve as early predictive serum markers for the presence of PCa.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Oncology Research, Memorial University Medical Center (MUMC) and Mercer University School of Medicine (MUSM), Anderson Cancer Institute, Savannah, Georgia, United States of America.
authors.forename: Nima
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia, United States of America.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vogel
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Oncology Research, Memorial University Medical Center (MUMC) and Mercer University School of Medicine (MUSM), Anderson Cancer Institute, Savannah, Georgia, United States of America.
authors.forename: Kumar
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chandra-Kuntal
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Oncology Research, Memorial University Medical Center (MUMC) and Mercer University School of Medicine (MUSM), Anderson Cancer Institute, Savannah, Georgia, United States of America.
authors.forename: Wayne
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Glasgow
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Oncology Research, Memorial University Medical Center (MUMC) and Mercer University School of Medicine (MUSM), Anderson Cancer Institute, Savannah, Georgia, United States of America.
authors.forename: Uddhav
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kelavkar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines / Q000097:blood; D010714:Phosphatidylethanolamines / Q000097:blood; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000097:blood*; D011379:Prognosis; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods; D013109:Sphingomyelins / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D010713:Phosphatidylcholines; D010714:Phosphatidylethanolamines; D010743:Phospholipids; D013109:Sphingomyelins; C483858:phosphatidylethanolamine; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen