title: Novel markers of early neutrophilic and monocytic engraftment after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Numerous studies tried to find new markers that after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation predict engraftment earlier than the conventional marker, absolute neutrophil count (ANC >500/µL). Early engraftment prediction can be achieved by a marker that reflects the release of neutrophils and monocytes into the leukopenic peripheral blood.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed blood cell parameters, including cell population data such as volume, conductivity, and light scatter in 77 patients who underwent HSCT (allogeneic, n=63; autologous, n=11) to detect possible markers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 2 early engraftment markers of neutrophils (NEUTRO) and monocytes (MONO); a pair of mean-volume-neutrophils (MNV) and mean-conductivity-neutrophils (MNC) for NEUTRO; and a pair of mean-volume-monocytes (MMV) and mean-conductivity-monocytes (MMC) for MONO. The new markers showed distinct patterns for early engraftment wherein 1) on the engraftment day, MNV peaked as MNC notched simultaneously for every case, and 2) MMV peaked as MMC notched simultaneously in most cases. Engraftment was predicted 3.8±2.7 days earlier than by ANC in 74 successful engraftment cases by using NEUTRO and/or MONO: 1) 72 cases (97.3%), in which NEUTRO and/or MONO predicted earlier engraftment than ANC, 2) 1 case, in which the 3 markers predicted engraftment on the same day, and 3) 1 case, in which NEUTRO predicted engraftment on the same day as ANC and MONO failed to predict engraftment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By analyzing the data from daily complete blood counts, engraftment can be predicted approximately 4 days earlier than ANC >500/µL using NEUTRO as a base marker and MONO as a supplementary marker.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jimin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kahng
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Seung-Ah
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Yahng
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Wook
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yonggoo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Myungshin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Eun-Jee
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yeon-Joon
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jong Wook
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyungja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000166:cytology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Engraftment; HSCT; Marker; Monocytes; Neutrophils