title: Outcomes of revascularization treatment in immature dog's teeth.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the current study was to examine the success rate of a revascularization treatment protocol involving canal space disinfection using copious irrigation, a triantibiotic dressing, and induction of a blood clot matrix in immature dog's teeth.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six immature mongrel dog's teeth were divided into two experimental and two control groups. The experimental groups included a necrotic-infected group (n = 20) and a vital group (n = 10). In the group with the necrotic-infected teeth, periapical lesions were induced, and disinfection of the canals was carried out using copious irrigation and a triple antibiotic medication (metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, and tetracycline). Subsequently, the periapical tissues were irritated to initiate bleeding, producing a blood clot. A double seal of the coronal access was then placed. In the vital group, the pulp was aseptically removed before the canal was irrigated and periapical tissues irritated to induce bleeding. The same protocol as that used for the necrotic-infected group was used to seal the coronal access. In the positive control group (n = 3), after pulp removal, sterile sponges soaked in plaque suspension were placed in the pulp chambers of the teeth, after which the chambers were sealed. In the negative control group (n = 3), one untouched 1st premolar tooth in each dog was assigned and left to develop naturally. Radiographic and histological findings were evaluated at 3 and 6 months. Data analysis was performed using Fisher's exact test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The necrotic-infected group radiographically demonstrated apical healing and apical closure in 70% of the cases and thickening of the walls in 40% after 6 months. The vital group showed apical closure in 77% and thickened walls in 44% of the cases after 3 months. Histological findings confirmed the radiographic findings. No significant difference was observed between the two groups (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  If necrotic-infected canals are effectively disinfected and treated according to the protocol, the ensuing revascularization response is similar to that of vital immature teeth.
authors.affiliation: Torabinejad Dental Research Center, Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Abbas Ali
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Khademi
authors.affiliation: Iranian Center for Endodontic Research, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Omid
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Dianat
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Faranak
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mahjour
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyed Mohammad
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Razavi
authors.affiliation: Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Farnaz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Younessian
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D014070:Tooth / Q000098:blood supply*
keywords: animal model; dog's tooth; immature teeth; pulp revascularization; root canal; trauma; treatment