title: Hypertension in India: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence, awareness, and control of hypertension.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A region-specific (urban and rural parts of north, east, west, and south India) systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence, awareness, and control of hypertension among Indian patients have not been done before.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus databases from 1950 to 30 April 2013 were searched for 'prevalence, burden, awareness, and control of blood pressure (BP) or hypertension (≥140 SBP and or ≥90 DBP) among Indian adults' (≥18 years). Of the total 3047 articles, 142 were included.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall prevalence for hypertension in India was 29.8% (95% confidence interval: 26.7-33.0). Significant differences in hypertension prevalence were noted between rural and urban parts [27.6% (23.2-32.0) and 33.8% (29.7-37.8); P = 0.05]. Regional estimates for the prevalence of hypertension were as follows: 14.5% (13.3-15.7), 31.7% (30.2-33.3), 18.1% (16.9-19.2), and 21.1% (20.1-22.0) for rural north, east, west, and south India; and 28.8% (26.9-30.8), 34.5% (32.6-36.5), 35.8% (35.2-36.5), and 31.8% (30.4-33.1) for urban north, east, west, and south India, respectively. Overall estimates for the prevalence of awareness, treatment, and control of BP were 25.3% (21.4-29.3), 25.1% (17.0-33.1), and 10.7% (6.5-15.0) for rural Indians; and 42.0% (35.2-48.9), 37.6% (24.0-51.2), and 20.2% (11.6-28.7) for urban Indians.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  About 33% urban and 25% rural Indians are hypertensive. Of these, 25% rural and 42% urban Indians are aware of their hypertensive status. Only 25% rural and 38% of urban Indians are being treated for hypertension. One-tenth of rural and one-fifth of urban Indian hypertensive population have their BP under control.
authors.affiliation: aDepartment of Public Health & Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, UK bPublic Health Foundation of India, Indian Institute of Public Health, Hyderabad, India cDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands dCentre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Raghupathy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Anchala
authors.forename: Nanda K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Kannuri
authors.forename: Hira
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pant
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Oscar H
authors.initials: OH
authors.lastname: Franco
authors.forename: Emanuele
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Di Angelantonio
authors.forename: Dorairaj
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Prabhakaran
mesh_terms: D044466:Asian People; D001294:Attitude to Health; D001794:Blood Pressure; D005843:Geography; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population; D014505:Urban Population