title: Throughput times for adults and children during two drive-through influenza vaccination clinics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Successful planning for public health emergencies requires knowledge of effective methods for mass distribution of medication and supplies to the public. We measured the time required for the key components of 2 drive-through vaccination clinics and summarized the results as they applied to providing medical countermeasures to large populations of children and adults. We hypothesized that vaccinating children in addition to adults would affect throughput time.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using 2 separate drive-through vaccination clinics, we measured elapsed time for vehicle flow and vaccination procedures. We calculated the median length of stay and the time to administer vaccinations based on the number of individual vaccinations given per vehicle, and compared the vehicles in which children (aged 9-18 years) were vaccinated to those in which only adults were vaccinated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 2174 vaccinations and 1275 vehicles were timed during the 2 clinics. The number of vaccinations and vehicles per hour varied during the course of the day; the maximums were 200 and 361 per hour, respectively. The median throughput time was 5 minutes, and the median vaccination time was 48 seconds. Flow over time varied by the hour, and the optimum number of vaccinations per vehicle to maximize efficiency was between 3 and 4. Our findings showed that the presence of children raised the total number of vaccinations given per vehicle and, therefore, the total vaccination processing time per vehicle. However, the median individual procedure time in the vehicles with children was not significantly increased, indicating no need to calculate increased times for processing children 9 years of age or older during emergency planning.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Drive-through clinics can provide a large number of seasonal influenza vaccinations in a relatively efficient manner; provide needed experience for students and practitioners in techniques for mass administration of medical countermeasures; and assist public health and emergency management personnel with disaster planning. Including children older than 9 years does not reduce efficiency. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2013;0:1-7).
authors.affiliation: University of New Mexico Center for Disaster Medicine, Albuquerque, USA.
authors.forename: Laura L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Banks
authors.affiliation: University of New Mexico Department of Emergency Medicine, Albuquerque, USA.
authors.forename: Cameron
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Crandall
authors.affiliation: University of New Mexico Hospital, Albuquerque, USA.
authors.forename: Luke
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Esquibel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001336:Automobiles; D002648:Child; D004189:Disaster Planning / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D007252:Influenza Vaccines