title: Modulatory activity of Brazilian red propolis on chemically induced dermal carcinogenesis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate modulatory effects of a hydroalcoholic extract of Brazilian red propolis (HERP) on dermal carcinogenesis using a murine model.
  
  
  METHODS
  The HERP was used at concentrations of 10, 50 and 100 mg/kg (PROP10, PROP50 and PROP100, respectively) to modulate dermal carcinogenesis induced by the application of 9,10-dimetil-1,2-benzatraceno (DMBA) on the backs of animals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The chemical compounds identified in HERP included propyl gallate, catechin, epicatechin and formononetin. PROP100 treatment resulted in significantly decreased tumor multiplicity throughout the five weeks of tumor promotion (p<0.05), and this concentration also resulted in the highest frequency of verrucous tumors (p<0.05). All of the tumors that developed in DMBA-treated animals were regarded as squamous cell carcinomas and were either diagnosed as non-invasive verrucous carcinomas or invasive squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). The average score for malignancy was significantly lower in the PROP100-treated group than the non-treated group (p<0.05), but there was no difference between the other groups (p>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The oral administration of hydroalcoholic extract of Brazilian red propolis at a dose of 100 mg/kg had a significant modulatory effect on the formation, differentiation and progression of chemically induced squamous cell carcinoma in a murine experimental model.
authors.affiliation: Tiradentes University, AracajuSE, Brazil, Fellow Master degree, Postgraduate Program in Health and Environment, Tiradentes University (UNIT), Aracaju-SE, Brazil. Technical procedures, manuscript writing.
authors.forename: Kariny Souza
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Pinheiro
authors.affiliation: UNIT, AracajuSE, Brazil, Fellow PhD degree, Postgraduate Program in Industrial Biotechnology, UNIT, Aracaju-SE, Brazil. Acquisition and interpretation of data, supervised all phases of the study.
authors.forename: Danielle Rodrigues
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: UNIT, AracajuSE, Brazil, Fellow Master degree, Postgraduate Program in Health and Environment, UNIT, Aracaju-SE, Brazil. Histological processing of the surgical samples.
authors.forename: Angela Valéria Farias
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.affiliation: UNIT, AracajuSE, Brazil, Fellow PhD degree, Postgraduate Program in Industrial Biotechnology, UNIT, Aracaju-SE, Brazil. Histological processing of the surgical samples.
authors.forename: Rose Nely
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Pereira-Filho
authors.affiliation: UNIT, AracajuSE, Brazil, Fellow Master degree, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, UNIT, Aracaju-SE, Brazil. Chromatographic procedures, analysis of the chemical compounds of the red propolis extract.
authors.forename: Clauberto Rodrigues de
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: UNIT, Department of Medicine, AracajuSE, Brazil, PhD, Full Professor, Department of Medicine, UNIT, Aracaju-SE, Brazil. Supervision of the surgical procedures in rodent model.
authors.forename: Sônia Oliveira
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.affiliation: UNIT, Department of Medicine, AracajuSE, Brazil, PhD, Full Professor, Department of Medicine, UNIT, Aracaju-SE, Brazil. Supervision of the surgical procedures in rodent model.
authors.forename: Francisco Prado
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.affiliation: UNIT, Department of Pharmacy, AracajuSE, Brazil, PhD, Full Professor, Laboratory of Biomaterials, Department of Pharmacy, UNIT, Aracaju-SE, Brazil. Statistical analysis, manuscript writing, critical revision.
authors.forename: Juliana Cordeiro
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.affiliation: UNIT, Department of Pharmacy, AracajuSE, Brazil, PhD, Full Professor, Laboratory of Biomaterials, Department of Pharmacy, UNIT, Aracaju-SE, Brazil. Statistical analysis, manuscript writing, critical revision.
authors.forename: Ricardo Luiz Cavalcanti de
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Albuquerque-Júnior
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D063646:Carcinogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D023421:Models, Animal; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D011429:Propolis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D011429:Propolis