title: Intravascular ultrasound predictors of CD163 positive macrophage infiltration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study aimed to determine characteristics of macrophage accumulation and predictors of CD163 positive macrophages by ultrasonic tissue characterization.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Intraplaque hemorrhage is associated with plaque instability and induces macrophage accumulation with a scavenger receptor, CD163. These CD163 positive macrophages have anti-atherogenic property.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 50 patients with acute coronary syndrome, lumen, vessel and plaque area, and plaque components (% fibrous, % fibro fatty, % dense calcium, and % necrotic core) of the culprit lesion were determined by virtual histology (VH) intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). Remodeling index (RI) was also determined. Atherothrombotic debris of the culprit lesion was collected during percutaneous coronary intervention using a distal protection device. CD163 positive macrophages and glycophorin A (a protein specific to erythrocytes) were determined immunohistochemically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Percentage of CD163 positive macrophages to the whole cells (% CD163) correlated positively with lumen, vessel and plaque area, and RI. Further, % CD163 had significant positive correlation with % necrotic core and negative correlation with % dense calcium. Immunopositive areas of glycophorin A (% glycophorin A), expressed as the ratio of positively stained areas per total tissue, had a significant positive correlation with % CD163. On multivariate analysis, % necrotic core, % dense calcium, and RI were independent determinants of % CD163.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Positive remodeling and large necrotic core without calcification on VH-IVUS were likely to indicate coronary intraplaque hemorrhage with CD163 positive macrophages infiltration.
authors.affiliation: The Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Tomoki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kameyama
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Inoue
mesh_terms: D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000368:Aged; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism*; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic / Q000378:metabolism*; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006021:Glycophorins / Q000378:metabolism; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009336:Necrosis / Q000473:pathology; D062645:Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; D058226:Plaque, Atherosclerotic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism*; D051116:Receptors, Scavenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional / Q000379:methods; D000098902:CD163 Antigen
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; D000098902:CD163 Antigen; D006021:Glycophorins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D051116:Receptors, Scavenger