title: Emphysema following vitrectomy with fluid-gas exchange: description of a rare complication.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report a case of subcutaneous emphysema involving the orbit, mediastinum, and face after pars plana vitrectomy with fluid-gas exchange.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case report of a 55-year-old man who presented with bilateral eyelid and face edema and dysphagia in the immediate postoperative period after pars plana vitrectomy. Orbital and chest computed tomographies were performed, revealing emphysema of the orbit and soft tissue of the face, extending from the neck to the upper chest.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patient with a retinal detachment in the right eye underwent 23-gauge vitrectomy surgery with fluid-gas exchange and an implantation of silicone oil. The patient had a previous history of facial trauma for more than 20 years with an orbital fracture. After surgery, the patient developed emphysema of the orbit, soft tissue of the face and upper chest. Systemic prophylactic antibiotics associated with antibiotics and steroid drops performed a satisfactory evolution.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The fluid-gas exchange during pars plana vitrectomy in patients with orbital fracture can lead to emphysema of the face, chest, and soft tissue.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eduardo F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Damasceno
authors.affiliation: Hospital Naval Marcílio Dias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nadyr
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Damasceno
authors.affiliation: Hospital Naval Marcílio Dias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Soraya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Horowitz
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcio Mortera
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
keywords: face emphysema; fluid–gas exchange; mediastinal emphysema; orbit fracture; orbital emphysema; vitrectomy complications