title: The effects of upper extremity progressive resistance and endurance exercises in patients with spinal cord injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Exercises aiming to strengthen the upper extremities are recommended to increase activities of daily living (ADLs) in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). The aim of this study was to compare the effects of upper extremity progressive resistance exercises (PRE) and endurance exercises (EE) performed with an arm ergometer in patients with paraplegia due to SCI.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 19 SCI patients were included in the study, and randomly divided into two groups. The first group performed PRE while the second group performed arm EE. The functional independence measurement (FIM) was used on each patient at the beginning and at the end of the study. The elbow flexion and extension muscle strengths of each patient were determined with the computerized isokinetic dynamometer at the beginning and end of the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Post-training increased the FIM scores in both PRE (p=0.005) and EE groups (p=0.008). There were increases in the extension peak torque (PT) and total work (TW) at 180°/sec and 60°/sec angular velocity in the PRE group compared to the EE group (all p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There were improvement in post-training muscle strength values in both the PRE (found to be more effective) and EE groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized trial (Level I).
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gulseren
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dost
authors.affiliation: Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Deniz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dulgeroglu
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey.
authors.forename: Adem
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yildirim
authors.affiliation: Ankara Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Nese
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ozgirgin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005080:Exercise Test; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology; D053581:Muscle Strength Dynamometer; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology; D010264:Paraplegia / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology*; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000379:methods*; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Spinal cord injury; endurance exercise; isokinetic dynamometer; progressive resistance exercise