title: Fear for external cephalic version and depression: predictors of successful external cephalic version for breech presentation at term?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Objective was to determine whether fear for external cephalic version (ECV) and depression are associated with the success rate of ECV in women with a breech presentation at term.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study conducted in the Catharina Hospital Eindhoven between October 2007 and May 2012. Participants fulfilled The Edinburgh Depression Scale (EDS) questionnaire and expressed their degree of fear on a visual analogue scale from one to ten before ECV. Obstetric factors were evaluated as well. Primary outcome was the relation between psychological factors (fear for ECV and depression EDS scores) and ECV success rate. Secondary outcome was a possible relation between fear for ECV and increased abdominal muscle tension.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall success rate was 55% and was significantly lower (p < 0.001) in nulliparous women (44.3%) compared with parous women (78.0%). Fear for ECV and depression EDS-scores were not related with ECV success rate. Parity, placental location, BMI and engagement of the fetal breech were obstetric factors associated with ECV outcome. There was no relation between fear for ECV and abdominal muscle tone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fear for ECV and depression were not related with ECV success rate in this study. Engagement of the fetal breech was the most important factor associated with a successful ECV.
  The Eindhoven Breech Intervention Study, NCT00516555.
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ciliacus
authors.forename: Marieke
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van der Zalm
authors.forename: Sophie E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Truijens
authors.forename: Tom H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Hasaart
authors.forename: Victor J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Pop
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Netherlands. simone.kuppens@cze.nl.
authors.forename: Simone M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Kuppens
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001946:Breech Presentation / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000379:methods; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005239:Fear / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D010298:Parity; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014710:Version, Fetal / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology*