title: Clinical and biological impact of cyclin-dependent kinase subunit 2 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: Cyclin-dependent kinase subunit 2 (CKS2) is a cyclin-dependent kinase subunit (CKS) family member that participates in cell cycle regulation. Few studies have investigated its involvement in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The aim of the present study was to assess the clinical significance of CKS2 in ESCC. We used immunohistochemistry to study the clinicopathologic significance of CKS2 protein expression in 121 patients with ESCC. Using real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), we examined the expression of CKS2 mRNA in tumors and the corresponding normal esophageal tissues that were obtained from 62 patients. Finally, siRNA-mediated attenuation of CKS2 expression was examined in vitro. CKS2 protein expression was significantly correlated with depth of tumor invasion, clinical stage, lymphatic invasion and distant metastasis (p=0.033, 0.028, 0.041 and 0.009, respectively). CKS2 mRNA expression was higher in cancer tissue than in corresponding normal tissue (p<0.001). Patients with positive-CKS2 protein expression had a poorer five year survival frequency than patients who did not express CKS2 protein (p=0.025). In vitro, siRNA-mediated suppression of CKS2 slowed the growth rate of ESCC cells compared to control cells (p<0.001). The evaluation of CKS2 expression is useful for predicting the cause of malignant tumors and the prognosis of patients with ESSC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kita
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishizono
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okumura
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuto
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Uchikado
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan.
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan.
authors.forename: Masataka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Setoyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan.
authors.forename: Kiyonori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanoue
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan.
authors.forename: Itaru
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Omoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuhiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Owaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan.
authors.forename: Sumiya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishigami
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Bepppu Hospital, Kyushu University, Beppu 874-0838, Japan.
authors.forename: Fumiaki
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Bepppu Hospital, Kyushu University, Beppu 874-0838, Japan.
authors.forename: Koshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mimori
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan.
authors.forename: Shoji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Natsugoe
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics; D042846:CDC2-CDC28 Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000235:genetics; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D000077277:Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma; D004947:Esophagus / Q000166:cytology / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D034622:RNA Interference; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D042846:CDC2-CDC28 Kinases; C083689:CKS2 protein, human