title: Equal spacing and expanding schedules in children's categorization and generalization.
abstract: To understand how generalization develops across the lifespan, researchers have examined the factors of the learning environment that promote the acquisition and generalization of categories. One such factor is the timing of learning events, which recent findings suggest may play a particularly important role in children's generalization. In the current study, we build on these findings by examining the impact of equally spaced versus expanding learning schedules on children's ability to generalize from studied exemplars of a given category to new exemplars presented on a later test. We found no significant effects of learning schedule when the generalization test was administered immediately after the learning phase, but there was a clear difference when the generalization test was delayed by 24h, with children in the expanding condition significantly outperforming children in the equally spaced learning condition. These results suggest that forgetting and retrieval dynamics may be lower level cognitive mechanisms promoting generalization and have several implications for broad theories of learning, cognition, and development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA. Electronic address: hvlach@wisc.edu.
authors.forename: Haley A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Vlach
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Catherine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Sandhofer
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Bjork
mesh_terms: D001288:Attention; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003118:Color Perception; D003210:Concept Formation; D005260:Female; D005793:Generalization, Psychological; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual; D012153:Retention, Psychology; D012660:Semantics; D013663:Teaching; D013997:Time Factors; D014706:Verbal Learning
keywords: Category learning; Cognitive development; Expanding learning schedules; Forgetting; Novel noun generalization; Spacing effect