title: Peripheral monocytes of obese women display increased chemokine receptor expression and migration capacity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The activation of peripheral immune cells and the infiltration of immune cells into adipose tissue in obesity are implicated in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to compare peripheral immune cells from obese and normal-weight women with regard to composition of immune cell subpopulations, surface expression of the chemokine receptors (CCRs) CCR2, CCR3, CCR5, and CXCR3 (chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 3) and cell-intrinsic migration capacity.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted at a university clinical study center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Obese females and normal-weight females were included for fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis and migration assays.
  
  
  METHODS
  Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were prepared from fasting blood samples and used for fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis and migration assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An increase in the percentages of CD14(+)CD16(+) monocytes was observed in obese subjects compared with controls. The CCR profile of monocytes differed significantly in the obese state; in particular, CCR2 levels were increased. In addition, a higher chemotactic activity of monocytes from obese subjects was observed in a migration assay, which was associated with both insulin resistance and CCR2 expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that the enhanced intrinsic migratory capacity of peripheral monocytes in obese women may be due to the increased CCR expression, further supporting a link between peripheral immune cell dysfunction and obesity.
authors.affiliation: Else Kroener-Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine (P.K., K.E., K.R., J.S., H.H., H.L.), Department of Nutritional Medicine, ZIEL Research Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Clinical Cooperation Group Nutrigenomics and Type 2 Diabetes (K.E., H.H., H.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München and Technical University München, and Else Kroener-Fresenius-Center for Nutritional Medicine (H.H.), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Research Center (R.E.), Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80337 München, Germany; Comprehensive Pneumology Center (S.K.-E.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ludwig-Maximilians University, and Asklepios Clinic Gauting, 82131 München, Germany.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Krinninger
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ensenauer
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ehlers
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rauh
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stoll
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Krauss-Etschmann
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hauner
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Laumen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002634:Chemotaxis, Leukocyte / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D056865:Ideal Body Weight; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics*; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D013851:Thinness / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D019707:Receptors, Chemokine