title: Liver retraction using n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate glue during single-incision laparoscopic upper abdominal surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Liver retraction is critical in single-incision laparoscopic upper abdominal surgery. Several techniques have been reported. Some need an additional port, whereas others are complicated and time-consuming.
  
  
  METHODS
  n-Butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (NBCA) glue was applied to bond the left lateral lobe of the liver to the diaphragm in different single-incision laparoscopic upper abdominal procedures. Liver adhesion time and duration of operation were recorded, and preoperative and postoperative liver function tests carried out.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All procedures were completed successfully without additional ports or special instruments. The technique provided adequate workspace and a clear view. Mean liver adhesion time was 1·5 min. The maximum operating time was 310 min. Levels of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases were raised on day 1 after surgery but had returned to normal by day 7.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Creating adhesion between the left lateral lobe of the liver and the diaphragm using NBCA glue is a simple, safe and effective way of achieving liver retraction in single-incision laparoscopic upper abdominal surgery.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang City, 110004, Liaoning Province, China.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000601:surgery*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D004659:Enbucrilate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D018662:Fundoplication / Q000379:methods; D005743:Gastrectomy / Q000379:methods; D006551:Hernia, Hiatal / Q000601:surgery; D059685:Herniorrhaphy / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008099:Liver; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D061646:Operative Time; D014014:Tissue Adhesives / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014014:Tissue Adhesives; D004659:Enbucrilate