title: Description of a novel anatomic venous structure in the nasoglabellar area.
abstract: Injectable dermal fillers are frequently used to reduce the appearance of various facial creases and rhytids. However, venous complications can develop while injecting dermal filler, especially in the nasoglabellar area. The aims of this study were to determine the anatomic patterns of the veins in the nasoglabellar area and to elucidate their detailed location with reference to various facial landmarks. Forty-one heads from Korean and Thai cadavers were dissected. When the anastomosing vein between the bilateral angular veins (AVs) was located in the nasoglabellar area, it was designated the intercanthal vein (ICV). The bilateral AVs continued as the facial vein without any communicating branches in 12 cases (29.3%). At the radix of the nose, the AV communicated with the ICV, connecting them bilaterally. The ICV was found above (type IIA) and below (type IIB) the intercanthal line in 26 (63.4%) and 3 (7.3%) cases, respectively. The ICV can be regarded as a candidate causative site for the frequent complications associated with dermal filler injection in the nasoglabellar area, and utmost care should be taken when injecting in this area, such as when performing radix augmentation and softening wrinkles in the glabellar area.
authors.affiliation: From the *Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Human Identification Research Center, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul; †Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Health and Welfare, Woosong University, Daejeon; ‡Department of Dental Hygiene, School of Health and Medicine, Namseoul University, Choenan, and §the Chula Soft Cadaver Surgical Training Center and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Hyung-Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: In-Won
authors.initials: IW
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Sung-Yoon
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Won
authors.forename: Jae-Gi
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kyung-Seok
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Tanvaa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tansatit
authors.forename: Hee-Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002102:Cadaver; D005260:Female; D005546:Forehead / Q000098:blood supply*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009666:Nose / Q000098:blood supply*; D014680:Veins / Q000033:anatomy & histology*