title: Anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities of methanol extract from aerial part of Phlomis younghusbandii Mukerjee.
abstract: This study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activity of the methanol extract from the aerial part of Phlomis younghusbandii (MEAP) and to explore the possible related mechanisms. Anti-inflammatory effects of MEAP were evaluated by using the ear edema test induced by dimethylbenzene and vascular permeability test induced by acetic acid. Anti-nociceptive activities of MEAP were evaluated by the chemical nociception in models of acetic acid-induced writhing and formalin-induced hind paw licking, and by the thermal nociception in hot plate tests. Mechanisms of MEAP activities also were explored by evaluating expression levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and iNOS induced by LPS using real-time fluorogenic PCR and expression of COX-2 using Western blotting and an open-field test. The results indicated that the MEAP administered orally could significantly decrease ear edema induced by dimethylbenzene and increase vascular permeability induced by acetic acid. Additionally, the nociceptions induced by acetic acid and formalin were significantly inhibited. The anti-nociceptive effect could not be decreased by naloxone in the formalin test, and MEAP did not affect the normal autonomic activities of mice. Expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, iNOS) induced by LPS were decreased obviously by treatment with MEAP. Furthermore, COX-2 expression in the spinal dorsal horns of the pain model mice induced by formalin was significantly down-regulated by MEAP. In conclusion, MEAP has significant anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities, and the mechanisms may be related to the down-regulated expression of TNF-α, IL-6, iNOS and COX-2.
authors.affiliation: Anesthesiology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
authors.forename: Qiu-Shi
authors.initials: QS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Anesthesiology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
authors.forename: Wen-Yao
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Anesthesiology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
authors.forename: Yan-Hua
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D000432:Methanol / Q000737:chemistry; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009020:Morphine / Q000494:pharmacology; D059225:Nociception / Q000187:drug effects; D031345:Phlomis / Q000737:chemistry*; D035261:Plant Components, Aerial / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D066148:Spinal Cord Dorsal Horn / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009020:Morphine; C077623:Ptgs2 protein, mouse; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D007213:Indomethacin; D000432:Methanol