title: Construct validity and extended normative data for older adults for the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test, Revised.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined the construct validity of a visual memory test (Brief Visuospatial Memory Test, Revised [BVMT-R]) in a sample of older adults and provided normative data for adults aged 80+ years.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample included 109 community-dwelling individuals (mean [M] age = 74.9 years, M education = 15.0 years, 62.4% female, and 97.2% European American).
  
  
  METHODS
  Measures administered included the BVMT-R, California Verbal Learning Test, 2nd edition, and subtests of the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System and Neuropsychological Assessment Battery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The BVMT-R correlated highly with another measure of memory and less so with unrelated measures (e.g., verbal fluency). Age and education were significantly correlated with BVMT-R Total and Delayed Recall scores, with education as the strongest predictor. No significant differences were found for sex. Normative data were provided for adults aged 80 to 88 years (n = 29).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adequate evidence was found for convergent validity and only partial support for discriminant validity. Normative data should continue to be stratified by age and also by formal education level.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, USA kkane3@uccs.edu.
authors.forename: Katherine D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Kane
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Brian P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Yochim
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D056344:Executive Function / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology*; D011939:Mental Recall / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014706:Verbal Learning / Q000502:physiology
keywords: BVMT-R; normative; older adults; validity; visual memory