title: Axillary reverse lymphatic mapping in breast cancer surgery: a comprehensive review.
abstract: Axillary reverse lymphatic mapping (ARM) is a surgical technique that was first described in 2007 as a method for preserving the lymphatic drainage of the arm during sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) or axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) for breast cancer. We found that the ARM technique had several limitations that include a poor success rate for identification of arm lymph nodes (ARM nodes) and lymphatics. The occurrence of common lymphatic drainage pathways of the arm and the breast in a subset of patients also raises concerns regarding its oncological soundness. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the ARM procedure in reducing lymphedema risk in breast cancer patients that undergo a variety of treatments, has yet to be clearly defined.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Nazgol
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Seyednejad
authors.forename: Urve
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kuusk
authors.forename: Sam M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Wiseman
mesh_terms: D001132:Arm; D001365:Axilla / Q000601:surgery*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000473:pathology; D008209:Lymphedema / Q000209:etiology; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy / Q000379:methods
keywords: ARM procedure; axillary lymph node dissection; axillary reverse lymphatic mapping; biopsy; breast cancer; lymphedema; sentinel lymph node; sentinel lymph node biopsy