title: Human mesenchymal stem cells alter macrophage phenotype and promote regeneration via homing to the kidney following ischemia-reperfusion injury.
abstract: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) ameliorate injury and accelerate repair in many organs, including the kidney, although the reparative mechanisms and interaction with macrophages have not been elucidated. This study investigated the reparative potential of human bone marrow-derived MSCs and traced their homing patterns following administration to mice with ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury using whole body bioluminescence imaging. The effect of MSCs on macrophage phenotype following direct and indirect coculture was assessed using qPCR. Human cytokine production was measured using multiplex arrays. After IR, MSCs homed to injured kidneys where they afforded protection indicated by decreased proximal tubule kidney injury molecule-1 expression, blood urea nitrogen, and serum creatinine levels. SDS-PAGE and immunofluorescence labeling revealed MSCs reduced collagen α1(I) and IV by day 7 post-IR. Gelatin zymography confirmed that MSC treatment significantly increased matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity in IR kidneys, which contributed to a reduction in total collagen. Following direct and indirect coculture, macrophages expressed genes indicative of an anti-inflammatory "M2" phenotype. MSC-derived human GM-CSF, EGF, CXCL1, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, PDGF-AA, and CCL5 were identified in culture supernatants. In conclusion, MSCs home to injured kidneys and promote repair, which may be mediated by their ability to promote M2 macrophage polarization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia;
authors.forename: Andrea F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Wise
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia;
authors.forename: Timothy M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia;
authors.forename: Mensiena B G
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Kiewiet
authors.affiliation: Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; and.
authors.forename: Natalie L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Payne
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia;
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Siatskas
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Chrishan S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Samuel
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; sharon.ricardo@monash.edu.
authors.forename: Sharon D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Ricardo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D016764:Cell Polarity / Q000502:physiology; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D003404:Creatinine / Q000378:metabolism; D000072596:Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 1; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology* / Q000502:physiology*; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D008264:Macrophages / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D023421:Models, Animal; D010641:Phenotype; D012038:Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: C442240:Havcr1 protein, mouse; D000072596:Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 1; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D003094:Collagen; D003404:Creatinine
keywords: ischemia-reperfusion injury; macrophage; mesenchymal stem cells