title: Gastric cancer: descriptive epidemiology, risk factors, screening, and prevention.
abstract: Less than a century ago, gastric cancer was the most common cancer in the United States and perhaps throughout the world. Despite its worldwide decline in incidence over the past century, gastric cancer remains a major killer across the globe. This article reviews the epidemiology, screening, and prevention of gastric cancer. We first discuss the descriptive epidemiology of gastric cancer, including its incidence, survival, mortality, and trends over time. Next, we characterize the risk factors for gastric cancer, both environmental and genetic. Serologic markers and histological precursor lesions of gastric cancer and early detection of gastric cancer using these markers are reviewed. Finally, we discuss prevention strategies and provide suggestions for further research.
authors.affiliation: Authors' Affiliations: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; Department of Public Health Analysis, School of Community Health and Policy, Morgan State University, Baltimore; Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland; Institute for Transitional Epidemiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York; and Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Parisa
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Karimi
authors.forename: Farhad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Islami
authors.forename: Sharmila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Anandasabapathy
authors.forename: Neal D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Freedman
authors.forename: Farin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kamangar
mesh_terms: D055088:Early Detection of Cancer; D006801:Humans; D012307:Risk Factors; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*