title: A native fungal symbiont facilitates the prevalence and development of an invasive pathogen-native vector symbiosis.
abstract: Invasive pathogen-insect symbioses have been extensively studied in many different ecological niches. Whether the damage of symbioses in different introduced regions might be influenced by other microorganisms has, however, received little attention. Eight years of field data showed that the varied levels of the nematode and beetle populations and infested trees of the invasive Bursaphelenchus xylophilus--Monochamus alternatus symbiosis were correlated with patterns in the isolation frequencies of ophiostomatoid fungi at six sites, while the laboratory experiments showed that the nematode produced greater numbers of offspring with a female-biased sex ratio and developed faster in the presence of one native symbiotic ophiostomatoid fungus, Sporothrix sp. 1. Diacetone alcohol (DAA) from xylem inoculated with Sporothrix sp. 1 induced B. xylophilus to produce greater numbers of offspring. Its presence also significantly increased the growth and survival rate of M. alternatus, and possibly explains the prevalence of the nematode-vector symbiosis when Sporothrix sp. 1 was dominant in the fungal communities. Studying the means by which multispecies interactions contributed to biogeographical dynamics allowed us to better understand the varied levels of damage caused by biological invasion across the invaded range.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101 China.
authors.forename: Lilin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101 China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014 China.
authors.forename: Hongtao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.affiliation: General Station of Forest Pest and Diseases Control, State Forestry Administration, Shenyang 110034 China.
authors.forename: Guofei
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101 China.
authors.forename: Shuai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101 China.
authors.forename: Jianghua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001517:Coleoptera; D017753:Ecosystem; D005260:Female; D005658:Fungi / Q000502:physiology*; D058865:Introduced Species; D009348:Nematoda; D028223:Pinus / Q000469:parasitology*; D013559:Symbiosis