title: Monolayer behavior of cyclic and linear forms of surfactins: thermodynamic analysis of Langmuir monolayers and AFM study of Langmuir-Blodgett monolayers.
abstract: The molecular interactions of monolayers composed of cyclic and linear forms of surfactins (SFs) were evaluated through atomic force microscopy (AFM) together with a Langmuir monolayer technique. The surface pressure (π)-area per molecule (A) isotherm of a pure cyclic surfactin (CSF) monolayer exhibited a liquid expanded (Le) monolayer, while that of a pure linear surfactin (LSF) monolayer exhibited a liquid condensed (Lc) monolayer, demonstrating that the CSFs are in a rather loose molecular packing state owing to its bulky heptapeptide ring. The plots of the mean area per molecule of the CSF/LSF monolayers were well fitted to the ideal curves, suggesting that ideal mixing occurs, or that the two components are immiscible in a monolayer. The AFM images of the CSF/LSF monolayers transferred at 25 mN/m gave phase-separated microdomain structures, indicating that the CSFs and LSFs are almost immiscible and separated into a CSF-rich and LSF-rich phases, as suggested from the analysis of the mean area per molecule of the monolayers. Our results clearly demonstrated that the cleavage of the cyclic heptapeptide headgroup of CSF drastically changes its molecular packing state in a monolayer and that AFM observation combined with the Langmuir monolayer technique is quite useful to explore the manner of self-assembly of a binary system of microbial products such as CSFs and LSFs.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Innovation in Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST).
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Taira
authors.forename: Shintaro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kawamura
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Dai
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kitamoto
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Imura
mesh_terms: D000388:Air; D001412:Bacillus subtilis; D003500:Cyclization; D055666:Lipopeptides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic / Q000737:chemistry*; D044367:Phase Transition; D011312:Pressure; D013499:Surface Properties; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D055666:Lipopeptides; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D014867:Water; C009365:surfactin peptide