title: Candida species distribution, genotyping and virulence factors of Candida albicans isolated from the oral cavity of kidney transplant recipients of two geographic regions of Brazil.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Candida albicans is a diploid yeast that in some circumstances may cause oral or oropharyngeal infections. This investigation aimed to study the prevalence of Candida spp. and to analyze the ABC genotypes of 76 clinical isolates of C. albicans obtained from the oral cavity of kidney transplant patients from two distinct geographic regions of Brazil.
  
  
  METHODS
  We typed 48 strains with ABC genotyping and Microsatelitte using primer M13 and tested three virulence factors in vitro: phospholipase activity, morphogenesis and the ability to evade from polymorphonuclear neutrophils phagocytosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  C. albicans was the most prevalent species (86.4%), followed by C. tropicalis (4.5%). C. albicans genotype A was the most prevalent (58 isolates; 76.4%), followed by genotype C (15 isolates; 19.7%) and genotype B (3 isolates; 3.9%). When Microsatellite technique with primer M13 was applied, 80% of the isolates from the South were placed within the same cluster. The majority of Genotype C strains were grouped together within two different clusters. Genotype C was considered more resistant to PMNs attack than genotypes A and B. Strains isolated from the South of Brazil showed also better ability to combat PMNs phagocytosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found a high rate of C. albicans genotype C strains isolated from the oral cavity of this group of patients. This study characterized oral C. albicans strains isolated from kidney transplant recipients and will contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of oral candidiasis.
authors.forename: Walicyranison Plinio
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: da Silva-Rocha
authors.forename: Vitor Luiz de Brito
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Lemos
authors.forename: Terezinha Inês Estivalet
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Svidizisnki
authors.forename: Eveline Pipolo
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Milan
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Micologia Médica e Molecular, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. guilherme.chaves@ufrnet.br.
authors.forename: Guilherme Maranhão
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Chaves
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001938:Brazil; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology; D041022:Candida tropicalis / Q000145:classification; D002180:Candidiasis, Oral / Q000382:microbiology; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D025301:Hyphae / Q000254:growth & development; D057131:Immune Evasion / Q000276:immunology; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D009024:Morphogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D009055:Mouth / Q000382:microbiology*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000502:physiology; D010740:Phospholipases / Q000032:analysis; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D014774:Virulence; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000032:analysis / Q000145:classification*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D037521:Virulence Factors; D010740:Phospholipases