title: Response shift recalibration and reprioritization in health-related quality of life was identified prospectively in older men with and without stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To prospectively consider evidence for response shift (RS) in health-related quality of life (HRQL) in older men who experienced stroke or remained stroke free. RS is a change in the meaning of self-evaluation; this includes recalibration, reprioritization, and reconceptualization.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort of 3,983 male World War II Royal Canadian Air Force recruits has been followed since 1948. There were three prospectively determined groups: stroke survivors (n = 168; mean age, 80.1 years); older stroke-free group (n = 254; mean age, 82.8 years); and younger stroke-free group (n = 323; mean age, 74.7 years). The Short Form-36 (SF-36) was used to evaluate HRQL. Longitudinal structural equation models were developed using SF-36 subscales and three latent variables. Measurement invariance over two time points for each of the three groups was evaluated to identify RS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All RS models had reasonable fit: stroke [root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), 0.069; 90% confidence interval (CI): 0.052, 0.086], older (RMSEA, 0.055; 90% CI: 0.041, 0.068), and younger (RMSEA, 0.062; 90% CI: 0.051, 0.074). Recalibration of physical function occurred in all three groups. Reprioritization of role limitations due to physical health happened in both stroke-free groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study is unique in our ability to prospectively identify RS recalibration and reprioritization in HRQL in aging men with stroke and remaining free of stroke. Changes in the meaning of self-evaluation of HRQL occur not only with stroke but also in men who remain free of stroke.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, School of Medical Rehabilitation, University of Manitoba, R106-771 McDermot Ave, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 0T6. Electronic address: ruth.barclay@med.umanitoba.ca.
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Barclay
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, T148-770 Bannatyne Ave, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 0W3.
authors.forename: Robert B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Tate
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002170:Canada; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D020521:Stroke / Q000523:psychology*; D017741:Survivors / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
keywords: Community-dwelling older adults; Health-related quality of life; Men; Prospective study; Response shift; Stroke