title: Wld(S) ameliorates renal injury in a type 1 diabetic mouse model.
abstract: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage kidney disease worldwide. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the Wld(S) (slow Wallerian degeneration; also known as Wld) gene plays a renoprotective role during the progression of DN. Diabetes was induced in 8-wk-old male wild-type (WT) and C57BL/Wld(S) mice by streptozotocin (STZ) injection. Blood and urinary variables including blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin (GHb), insulin, urea nitrogen, and albumin/creatinine ratio were assessed 4, 7, and 14 wk after STZ injection. Periodic acid-Schiff staining, Masson staining, and silver staining were performed for renal pathological analyses. In addition, the renal ultrastructure was observed by electron microscope. The activities of p38 and ERK signaling in renal cortical tissues were evaluated by Western blotting. NAD(+)/NADH ratio and NADPH oxidase activity were also measured. Moreover, the expressions of TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6 were examined. We provide experimental evidence demonstrating that the Wld(S) gene is expressed in kidney cells and protects against the early stage of diabetes-induced renal dysfunction and extracellular matrix accumulation through delaying the reduction of the NAD(+)/NADH ratio, inhibiting the activation of p38 and ERK signaling, and suppressing oxidative stress as evidenced by the decreased NADPH oxidase activity and lower expression of TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6.
authors.affiliation: Atherosclerosis Research Centre, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shuaishuai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Atherosclerosis Research Centre, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yelin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Atherosclerosis Research Centre, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Atherosclerosis Research Centre, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lingling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: Atherosclerosis Research Centre, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yuchen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Atherosclerosis Research Centre, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Atherosclerosis Research Centre, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Atherosclerosis Research Centre, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: Atherosclerosis Research Centre, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China qichen@njmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C442580:Wld protein, mouse
keywords: NAD+/NADH ratio; WldS; diabetic renal injury; oxidase stress; p38 and ERK