title: Polyphenolics isolated from virgin coconut oil inhibits adjuvant induced arthritis in rats through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action.
abstract: We evaluated the protective efficacy of the polyphenolic fraction from virgin coconut oil (PV) against adjuvant induced arthritic rats. Arthritis was induced by intradermal injection of complete Freund's adjuvant. The activities of inflammatory, antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation were estimated. PV showed high percentage of edema inhibition at a dose of 80mg/kg on 21st day of adjuvant arthritis and is non toxic. The expression of inflammatory genes such as COX-2, iNOS, TNF-α and IL-6 and the concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance were decreased by treatment with PV. Antioxidant enzymes were increased and on treatment with PV. The increased level of total WBC count and C-reactive protein in the arthritic animals was reduced in PV treated rats. Synovial cytology showed that inflammatory cells and reactive mesothelial cells were suppressed by PV. Histopathology of paw tissue showed less edema formation and cellular infiltration on supplementation with PV. Thus the results demonstrated the potential beneficiary effect of PV on adjuvant induced arthritis in rats and the mechanism behind this action is due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Microbiology, St. Thomas College, Pala, Kottayam, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vysakh
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, St. Thomas College, Pala, Kottayam, Kerala, India. Electronic address: sivatheertha@gmail.com.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ratheesh
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, India.
authors.forename: T P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Rajmohanan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University College of Pharmacy, MG University, Kottayam, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pramod
authors.affiliation: Drug Standardization Unit, Govt. Ayurveda College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Premlal
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, MSM College, Kayamkulam, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Girish kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University College of Pharmacy, MG University, Kottayam, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: P I
authors.initials: PI
authors.lastname: Sibi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001169:Arthritis, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000276:immunology; D002374:Catalase / Q000276:immunology; D000074263:Coconut Oil; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics; D005528:Foot / Q000473:pathology; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000276:immunology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000276:immunology; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000097:blood; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000235:genetics; D010938:Plant Oils; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000276:immunology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000276:immunology; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000473:pathology; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D015850:Interleukin-6; D010938:Plant Oils; D059808:Polyphenols; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; C489691:Ptgs2 protein, rat; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D000074263:Coconut Oil
keywords: Anti-inflammatory; Antioxidant; Polyphenols; Virgin coconut oil