title: Antibacterial efficacy testing of a bioelectric wound dressing against clinical wound pathogens.
abstract: Silver-based wound dressings have been developed for the control of bioburden in wounds. However, the popularity and extensive use of silver-based dressings has been associated with emerging microbial resistances to silver. In this study we examined in vitro antibacterial efficacy of a bioelectric dressing containing silver and zinc against various wound pathogens. Antibiotic-sensitive clinical wound isolates showed a 100% reduction in bacterial growth, except that Enterococcus faecalis isolate was shown to survive with a bacterial log10 reduction rate of less than 10(2) CFU. We also investigated antibacterial efficacy against the extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) bacteria, multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The bioelectric dressing was effective in killing wound pathogens including ESBL, MDR, and MRSA in vitro. Furthermore, based on the primary results against E. faecalis, we carried out extensive studies against several nosocomial Enterococcus species including vancomycin-resistant species. Overall, the vancomycin-sensitive or -resistant Enterococcus species were resistant to this dressing at up to 48 h, except for the vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus raffinosus isolate only showing a 100% bacterial reduction at 48 h, but not at 24 h. The results demonstrated the effective bactericidal activity of a bioelectric dressing against antibiotic-sensitive and MDR strains, but Enterococcus species are bacteriostatic.
authors.affiliation: Diagnostics and Translational Research Center, Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Hosan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Vomaris, Inc. Vomaris Innovations Inc., Chandler, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Inder
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Makin
authors.affiliation: Vomaris, Inc. Vomaris Innovations Inc., Chandler, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Skiba
authors.affiliation: Vomaris, Inc. Vomaris Innovations Inc., Chandler, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.affiliation: United States Army Medical Materiel Agency (USAMMA), Fort Detrick, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Greggory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Housler
authors.affiliation: Combat Wound Initiative Program, Bethesda, MD, USA ; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stojadinovic
authors.affiliation: Diagnostics and Translational Research Center, Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Mina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Izadjoo
keywords: Antibacterial efficacy testing; bioelectric dressing; clinical wound isolates.