title: Association between cellular immune activation, target cell frequency, and risk of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 superinfection.
abstract: We performed a case-control study of women at risk of HIV-1 superinfection to understand the relationship between immune activation and HIV-1 acquisition. An increase in the frequency of HIV-1 target cells, but not in other markers of T cell activation, was associated with a 1.7-fold increase in the odds of superinfection. This suggests that HIV-1 acquisition risk is influenced more by the frequency of target cells than by the generalized level of immune activation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.
authors.forename: Catherine A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Blish
authors.forename: Ozge C
authors.initials: OC
authors.lastname: Dogan
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jaoko
authors.forename: R Scott
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: McClelland
authors.forename: Kishorchandra
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mandaliya
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Odem-Davis
authors.forename: Barbra A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Overbaugh
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D015163:Superinfection