title: Is intralipid fat emulsion a promising therapeutic strategy on neurotoxicity induced by malathion in rats?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Malathion is one of the most widely used organophosphate pesticides and herbicides. It has given rise to major clinical problems by its poisoning in all over the world. Malathion also a highly lipophilic agent, and tends to accumulate within lipid-rich tissue like a brain in the body, causing toxicity. Therefore, the study was aimed to investigate if there is a possible beneficial effect of using intralipid fat emulsion (IFE) on the neurotoxicity, and to detect it time-dependently at the beginning, 6th and 12th hours of M intoxication.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight rats were randomly divided into six groups including: control (C), Lipid (L) group (18.6 mL/kg oral IFE), Malathion (M) group (10 mg/kg oral M), M0L group (IFE treated after immediate from M), M6L group (IFE treated after 6 hours from M), M12L group (IFE treated after 12 hours from M).
  
  
  RESULTS
  M group in comparison with all others group, there was an increase in the total oxidant status (TOS) level. M group in comparison with C, L, M0L groups, it was seen significantly decrease in the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) level. Interestingly, M group in comparison with M6L and M12L groups, there was no significant difference among these groups in terms of the TAC levels. Although there was no significant difference among C, L and M0L groups in terms of both TAC and TOS levels, but was significant difference C, L groups in comparison with M6L, M12L groups in terms of TAC levels. C group in comparison with L, M0L, M6L, M12L groups in terms of TOS levels, there was no significant difference. These findings have indicated that IFE seriously reduced TOS levels in all the groups depending on time. Also, M0L group in comparison with M6L and M12L groups, there was significantly increase of the TAC levels. There was no statistically significant difference between M6L and M12L groups. These biochemical results were confirmed with immunohistochemical results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study has had some certain evidence that IFE is a promising safe therapy for acutely intoxicated cases by organophosphate. It is much more effective if used at the beginning of organophosphate poisoning. As such, there is no need to avoid using IFE in clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey. kaganbasarslan@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Basarslan
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Alp
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Senol
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Evliyaoglu
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ozkan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019610:Cytoprotection; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004655:Emulsions / Q000494:pharmacology; D007306:Insecticides; D008294:Malathion; D008297:Male; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020258:Neurotoxicity Syndromes / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D062025:Organophosphate Poisoning / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013024:Soybean Oil / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004655:Emulsions; D007306:Insecticides; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D010743:Phospholipids; C545823:soybean oil, phospholipid emulsion; D013024:Soybean Oil; D008294:Malathion