title: TLR-9 agonist immunostimulatory sequence adjuvants linked to cancer antigens.
abstract: The primary goal of cancer vaccines is to elicit tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) capable of eradicating established tumors and preventing/eradicating their metastatic spread. CpG oligonucleotides (CpG ODN) activate and support the maturation of immune cells, including plasmacytoid dendritic cells and B lymphocytes, that express Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) and are capable of presenting tumor antigens to T cells. Thus, CpG ODN are effective vaccine adjuvants. The adjuvant activity of CpG ODN is improved by maintaining them in close physical and temporal proximity to the co-administered vaccine antigen. This work describes a method of chemically conjugating CpG ODN to antigens and/or cancer cells that improve the resulting CTL response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Oncology, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidekazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shirota
authors.forename: Dennis M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Klinman
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology*; D001483:Base Sequence; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D018899:CpG Islands / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D009841:Oligonucleotides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology; D051217:Toll-Like Receptor 9 / Q000819:agonists* / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D009841:Oligonucleotides; D051217:Toll-Like Receptor 9