title: A retrospective review of lower extremity fracture care in patients with spinal cord injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify circumstances surrounding incident lower extremity fractures (ILEFs) in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) and to describe the impact of these fractures on service needs and provision of pharmacological therapies for osteoporosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective medical record review.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four Veterans Affairs Medical Centers in the USA.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and forty patients with traumatic SCI who sustained an ILEF from 2002 to 2007.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fracture circumstances and use of assistive devices were described using percentages, means, and standard deviations. Fisher's exact test was used to determine the relationship between fracture site, and patient age and duration of SCI. Differences in pharmacological provision of therapies for osteoporosis pre- and post-fracture were examined using exact McNemar's test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and fifty-five ILEFs were identified in 140 patients. Tibia/fibula and femur fractures were the most common fractures. Fracture site was not related to patient's age or duration of SCI. Almost one-third of all fractures occurred during transfers to and from wheelchairs. Post-fracture, the provision of new or modified assistive devices, primarily wheelchairs, was frequent, occurring in 83% of patients in the year post-fracture. Few patients transferred residence to a nursing home following the fracture. There was a significant difference in the use of pharmacological therapies for osteoporosis in the first year post-fracture compared with the year prior to the fracture (P < 0.01), with significant differences in the volume of prescriptions for calcium supplements (P < 0.01) and bisphosphonates (P = 0.02). Overall, the amount of prescriptions for osteoporosis increased the year post-fracture (56%) from the year pre-fracture (39%); this increase was secondary to increases in prescriptions for calcium supplements (pre = 13%; post = 30%) and bisphosphonates (pre = 2%; post = 7%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have identified that wheelchair and other transfer activities are a key area that could be a focus of fracture prevention in SCI. The need for new or modified assistive devices and/or wheelchair skills retraining post-fracture should be anticipated. Examination of whether treatments for osteoporosis following a fracture can prevent future osteoporotic fractures is warranted.
authors.forename: Titilola
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akhigbe
authors.forename: Amy S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Chin
authors.forename: Jelena N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Svircev
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hoenig
authors.forename: Stephen P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Burns
authors.forename: Frances M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Weaver
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Carbone
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000293:injuries*; D008297:Male; D008499:Medical Records; D008875:Middle Aged; D055805:Moving and Lifting Patients / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000592:standards; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D014910:Wheelchairs / Q000009:adverse effects
keywords: Lower extremity fractures; Osteoporosis therapies; Spinal cord injury; Wheelchairs