title: Cardiac rehabilitation in the United States.
abstract: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States (US). In addition to this, many of the risk factors of CHD, such as obesity, sedentary lifestyle, diabetes mellitus, and poor nutrition, are disproportionately high in the US. Despite the many known benefits of cardiac rehabilitation (CR), referral and participation rates in these programs are paradoxically low. Over the course of this review, we will discuss some of the many benefits of CR, some of the risk factors for CHD in the US, and factors that affect referral and participation in these programs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute Ochsner Clinical School, The University of Queensland School of Medicine, Brisbane, Australia.
authors.forename: Arthur R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Menezes
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute Ochsner Clinical School, The University of Queensland School of Medicine, Brisbane, Australia; Department of Preventive Cardiology, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA. Electronic address: clavie@ochsner.org.
authors.forename: Carl J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Lavie
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute Ochsner Clinical School, The University of Queensland School of Medicine, Brisbane, Australia.
authors.forename: Richard V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Milani
authors.affiliation: Brigham and Women's Hospital and the VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Daniel E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Forman
authors.affiliation: Helen Hayes Hospital, West Haverstraw, NY and Columbia University, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Marjorie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: King
authors.affiliation: Creighton University School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Omaha, NE.
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D002309:Cardiology / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D011314:Preventive Health Services; D016730:Program Development; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Cardiac rehabilitation; Coronary heart disease; Risk factors