title: [Health impact of exposure to pollens: A review of epidemiological studies].
abstract: The aim of this review is to describe the health impact of exposure to pollen based on recently published epidemiological studies. The methodology chapter, describes a review of the literature and outlines important elements of these studies: measurement of exposure to pollens, study types used, study populations and the health indicators related to pollen exposure. In this review, two types of studies have been used to assess the epidemiological evidence of short-term links between pollen exposure and hay fever or asthma. Ecological time-series studies use daily indicators of asthma exacerbations (emergency room admissions or hospitalizations), consultations for rhinitis or conjunctivitis, or anti-allergic drug consumption within general population. Panel studies relate measurements of pollen grain concentrations to nasal, ocular and bronchial symptom severity in a group of subjects sensitized to a specific pollen, monitored during the pollen season. In both cases, the studies show a relationship on a day-to-day basis between health indicators and daily rates of atmospheric pollen collected by a pollen trap. These studies take into account confounding factors, such as air pollution, weather factors and sometimes exposure to outdoor molds. Unlike earlier studies, more and more studies focus on the shape of the dose-response relationship and the lag between pollen exposure and symptoms. Only rarely, individual susceptibility factors, the clinical phenomenon of priming and polysensitization are reported. Thus, ecological time-series studies and panel studies assess respectively the impact of pollen exposure in the general population and in groups of sensitized patients. Using appropriate statistical tools, these studies provide insight into the shape of the dose-response relationship, with a potential threshold below which symptoms are absent, then a linear relationship for nasal, ocular and bronchial symptoms and a plateau where the symptoms do not increase despite the continued increase in pollen.
authors.affiliation: Service de pneumologie, hôpital Gabriel-Montpied, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, rue Montalembert, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France. Electronic address: dcaillaud@chu-clermontferrand.fr.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Caillaud
authors.affiliation: Service de pneumologie, hôpital Gabriel-Montpied, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, rue Montalembert, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Toloba
authors.affiliation: Service de pneumologie, hôpital Gabriel-Montpied, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, rue Montalembert, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Raobison
authors.affiliation: Réseau national de surveillance aérobiologique (RNSA), 69960 Brussieu, France.
authors.forename: J-P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Besancenot
authors.affiliation: Réseau national de surveillance aérobiologique (RNSA), 69960 Brussieu, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thibaudon
authors.affiliation: SEPIA-Santé, 56150 Baud, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: SEPIA-Santé, 56150 Baud, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Segala
mesh_terms: D000397:Air Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000485:Allergens / Q000009:adverse effects; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016021:Epidemiologic Studies; D062489:Health Impact Assessment; D006801:Humans; D011058:Pollen / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012130:Respiratory Hypersensitivity / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens
keywords: Ecological time-series studies; Epidemiology; Panel studies; Pollen; Pollens; Épidémiologie; Études de panel; Études écologiques temporelles