title: Spatial and temporal patterns in Cimex lectularius (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) reporting in Philadelphia, PA.
abstract: We analyzed a comprehensive telephone log of pest infestation reports to assess the spatial and temporal trends in Cimex lectularius L. (bed bug) reporting throughout Philadelphia, PA. Citywide spatial analyses of reports from September 2011 to June 2012 revealed several statistically significant bed bug hotspots. However, these were small and diffuse. Temporal analyses of reports from December 2008 to May 2011 detected prominent seasonality in bed bug reporting, peaking in August and reaching a nadir in February each year. Controlling for seasonal cycling, the number of bed bug reports in Philadelphia increased steadily at a rate of approximately 4.5% per month (or 69.45% per year) from December 2008 to May 2011. While it may be difficult to spatially target citywide bed bug control measures because of the insects' widespread migration, interventions informed by seasonal trends may enhance efforts to curb the recent increases in urban bed bug populations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 423 Guardian Dr., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Tarub S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Mabud
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 423 Guardian Dr., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Alexis M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Barbarin
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 423 Guardian Dr., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Corentin M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Barbu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 423 Guardian Dr., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Katelyn H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.affiliation: Vector Control Services, Philadelphia Department of Public Health, Philadelphia, 111 West Hunting Park Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Edinger
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 423 Guardian Dr., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Michael Z
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Levy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001511:Bedbugs; D002415:Cats; D004285:Dogs; D051379:Mice; D015143:Philadelphia; D011157:Population Dynamics; D051381:Rats