title: Quercetin, but not its metabolite quercetin-3-glucuronide, exerts prophylactic immunostimulatory activity and therapeutic antiinflammatory effects on lipopolysaccharide-treated mouse peritoneal macrophages ex vivo.
abstract: This study investigated the prophylactic or therapeutic effects of quercetin (Q) and its metabolite quercetin-3-glucuronide (Q3G) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in mouse peritoneal macrophages ex vivo. Changes in pro- and antiinflammatory cytokine secretion profiles were determined. The results showed that Q or Q3G in vitro treatments lower than 50 μM did not exhibit cytotoxicity on macrophages. At noncytotoxic doses, Q and Q3G, particularly Q, administration in a prophylactic ex vivo model increased pro-/antiinflammatory cytokine secretion ratios by macrophages in the absence or presence of LPS. Quercetin, but not Q3G, administration in a therapeutic ex vivo model decreased pro-/antiinflammatory cytokine secretion ratios in the absence or presence of LPS. Our results indicated that Q and Q3G administrations in a prophylactic manner might act as an immunostimulatory agent, but Q presented better ability than Q3G. Quercetin might have a therapeutic, but not prophylactic, effect on spontaneous or LPS-induced inflammation in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University , 250 Kuokuang Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan, Republic of China (ROC).
authors.forename: Yi-Ru
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Jin-Yuarn
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D011794:Quercetin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D011794:Quercetin