title: Gingivoperiosteoplasty.
abstract: Cleft surgeons seek to provide the best results in the fewest surgeries. Gingivoperiosteoplasty (GPP) is one option to achieve this goal. Although it may normalize early form and function and obviate secondary alveolar bone grafting, it has been associated with iatrogenic dentofacial restriction requiring more extensive treatment later. GPP technique associated with nasoalveolar molding (NAM) uses passive presurgical molding with strict patient-selection criteria. Data on the benefits of NAM-GPP are favorable but long-term outcome studies are required before its final role in cleft care is determined. This article describes the history, technique, perioperative care, and preliminary outcomes of NAM-GPP.
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic Surgery, The Craniofacial Center, Seattle Children's Hospital and Regional Medical Center, 4800 Sand Point Way Northeast, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. Electronic address: richard.hopper@seattlechildrens.org.
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Hopper
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic Surgery, The Craniofacial Center, Seattle Children's Hospital and Regional Medical Center, 4800 Sand Point Way Northeast, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: Faisal
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Al-Mufarrej
mesh_terms: D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000601:surgery; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000601:surgery*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000601:surgery*; D005893:Gingivoplasty; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D009666:Nose / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000601:surgery; D019647:Oral Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D009971:Orthodontics, Corrective / Q000379:methods; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000379:methods; D018579:Patient Selection; D010521:Periosteum / Q000601:surgery*; D010609:Pharyngeal Muscles / Q000601:surgery; D011300:Preoperative Care; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Alveolar cleft; Gingivoperiosteoplasty; Nasoalveolar molding; POPLA