title: Effect of vitamin B12 on cleft palate induced by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and dexamethasone in mice.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of vitamin B12 on palatal development by co-administration of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and dexamethasone (DEX). We examined the morphological and histological features of the palatal shelf and expression levels of key signaling molecules (transforming growth factor-β3 (TGF-β3) and TGF-β type I receptor (activin receptor-like kinase 5, ALK5)) during palatogenesis among a control group (Group A), TCDD+DEX exposed group (Group B), and TCDD+DEX+vitamin B12 exposed group (Group C). While we failed to find that vitamin B12 decreased the incidence of cleft palate induced by TCDD+DEX treatment, the expression levels of key signaling molecules (TGF-β3 and ALK5) during palatogenesis were significantly modulated. In TCDD+DEX exposed and TCDD+DEX+vitamin B12 exposed groups, palatal shelves could not contact in the midline due to their small sizes. Our results suggest that vitamin B12 may inhibit the expression of some cleft palate inducers such as TGF-β3 and ALK5 in DEX+TCDD exposed mice, which may be beneficial against palatogenesis to some degree, even though we were unable to observe a protective role of vitamin B12 in morphological and histological alterations of palatal shelves induced by DEX and TCDD.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA.
authors.forename: Shu-Fan
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Mao-Zhou
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Chai
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Yong-Hong
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Tian
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000633:toxicity*; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005260:Female; D006651:Histocytochemistry; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010159:Palate / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000633:toxicity*; D011247:Pregnancy; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012313:RNA / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D011897:Random Allocation; D000077293:Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014805:Vitamin B 12 / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D012313:RNA; D003907:Dexamethasone; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D000077293:Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I; C000625842:Tgfbr1 protein, mouse; D014805:Vitamin B 12