title: The first insight into the metabolite profiling of grapes from three Vitis vinifera L. cultivars of two controlled appellation (DOC) regions.
abstract: The characterization of the metabolites accumulated in the grapes of specific cultivars grown in different climates is of particular importance for viticulturists and enologists. In the present study, the metabolite profiling of grapes from the cultivars, Alvarinho, Arinto and Padeiro de Basto, of two Portuguese Controlled Denomination of Origin (DOC) regions (Vinho Verde and Lisboa) was investigated by gas chromatography-coupled time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) and an amino acid analyzer. Primary metabolites, including sugars, organic acids and amino acids, and some secondary metabolites were identified. Tartaric and malic acids and free amino acids accumulated more in grapes from vines of the DOC region of Vinho Verde than DOC Lisboa, but a principal component analysis (PCA) plot showed that besides the DOC region, the grape cultivar also accounted for the variance in the relative abundance of metabolites. Grapes from the cultivar, Alvarinho, were particularly rich in malic acid and tartaric acids in both DOC regions, but sucrose accumulated more in the DOC region of Vinho Verde.
authors.affiliation: Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Quinta de Prados, Vila Real 5001-801, Portugal. antonio.teixeira@bio.uminho.pt.
authors.forename: António
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.affiliation: Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Quinta de Prados, Vila Real 5001-801, Portugal. vmartins@bio.uminho.pt.
authors.forename: Viviana
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.affiliation: Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Quinta de Prados, Vila Real 5001-801, Portugal. henriquenoronha@bio.uminho.pt.
authors.forename: Henrique
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Noronha
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinary Research (INIAV), Quinta da Almoinha, Dois Portos 2565-191, Portugal. eiras.dias@inrb.pt.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Eiras-Dias
authors.affiliation: Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Quinta de Prados, Vila Real 5001-801, Portugal. geros@bio.uminho.pt.
authors.forename: Hernâni
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gerós
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000032:analysis; D005632:Fructose / Q000032:analysis; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D005650:Fumarates / Q000032:analysis; D005843:Geography; D005947:Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D008293:Malates / Q000032:analysis; D008298:Maleates / Q000032:analysis; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D055442:Metabolome; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods*; D011174:Portugal; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D013045:Species Specificity; D019802:Succinic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D013395:Sucrose / Q000032:analysis; D013644:Tartrates / Q000032:analysis; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D005650:Fumarates; D008293:Malates; D008298:Maleates; D013644:Tartrates; D019343:Citric Acid; D005632:Fructose; D013395:Sucrose; C030298:malic acid; C032005:fumaric acid; C030272:maleic acid; D019802:Succinic Acid; D005947:Glucose; C029768:tartaric acid