title: Decreased PPAR-γ expression in the conjunctiva and increased expression of TNF-α and IL-1β in the conjunctiva and tear fluid of dry eye mice.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β in the conjunctiva and the association between inflammatory cytokines and PPAR-γ in dry eye mice. Dry eye was induced in 6-week-old female C57 mice. mRNA expression of PPAR-γ, TNF-α and IL-1β were measured. PPAR-γ protein expression in the conjunctiva, and the contents of TNF-α and IL-1β in the conjunctiva and tear-wash fluid were determined. A PPAR-γ agonist, pioglitazone (PIO), was used to treat dry eye mice. Dry eye mice presented with similar manifestations as in humans. The PPAR-γ expression in the conjunctiva of dry eye mice was downregulated, accompanied by increased contents of TNF-α and IL-1β. PIO treatment markedly reduced the contents of TNF-α and IL-1β in tear fluid of dry eye mice. Following PIO treatment, the PPAR-γ expression increased markedly. PIO may activate PPAR-γ to inhibit the expression of the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β in dry eye mice. This suppresses the inflammatory progression, increases the tear fluid production, elevates the tear film stability and reduces the damage to the ocular surface, exerting a therapeutic effect on dry eye.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yihui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Luwan Branch of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200020, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Weifang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Minjie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sheng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002452:Cell Count; D003228:Conjunctiva / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015352:Dry Eye Syndromes / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D020397:Goblet Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000077205:Pioglitazone; D013666:Tears / Q000378:metabolism*; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D047495:PPAR gamma; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000077205:Pioglitazone