title: Abscisic acid flux alterations result in differential abscisic acid signaling responses and impact assimilation efficiency in barley under terminal drought stress.
abstract: Abscisic acid (ABA) is a central player in plant responses to drought stress. How variable levels of ABA under short-term versus long-term drought stress impact assimilation and growth in crops is unclear. We addressed this through comparative analysis, using two elite breeding lines of barley (Hordeum vulgare) that show senescence or stay-green phenotype under terminal drought stress and by making use of transgenic barley lines that express Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (AtNCED6) coding sequence or an RNA interference (RNAi) sequence of ABA 8'-hydroxylase under the control of a drought-inducible barley promoter. The high levels of ABA and its catabolites in the senescing breeding line under long-term stress were detrimental for assimilate productivity, whereas these levels were not perturbed in the stay-green type that performed better. In transgenic barley, drought-inducible AtNCED expression afforded temporal control in ABA levels such that the ABA levels rose sooner than in wild-type plants but also subsided, unlike as in the wild type , to near-basal levels upon prolonged stress treatment due to down-regulation of endogenous HvNCED genes. Suppressing of ABA catabolism with the RNA interference approach of ABA 8'-hydroxylase caused ABA flux during the entire period of stress. These transgenic plants performed better than the wild type under stress to maintain a favorable instantaneous water use efficiency and better assimilation. Gene expression analysis, protein structural modeling, and protein-protein interaction analyses of the members of the PYRABACTIN RESISTANCE1/PYRABACTIN RESISTANCE1-LIKE/REGULATORY COMPONENT OF ABA RECEPTORS, TYPE 2C PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE Sucrose non-fermenting1-related protein kinase2, and ABA-INSENSITIVE5/ABA-responsive element binding factor family identified specific members that could potentially impact ABA metabolism and stress adaptation in barley.
authors.affiliation: Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany.
authors.forename: Christiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Seiler
authors.forename: Vokkaliga T
authors.initials: VT
authors.lastname: Harshavardhan
authors.forename: Palakolanu S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: Götz
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hensel
authors.forename: Jochen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kumlehn
authors.forename: Lennart
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Eschen-Lippold
authors.forename: Kalladan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rajesh
authors.forename: Viktor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Korzun
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Wobus
authors.forename: Justin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Gopalan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Selvaraj
authors.forename: Nese
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sreenivasulu
mesh_terms: D000040:Abscisic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D053898:Biosynthetic Pathways / Q000235:genetics; D055864:Droughts; D005453:Fluorescence; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D017343:Genes, Plant; D005818:Genetic Engineering; D005838:Genotype; D001467:Hordeum / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010641:Phenotype; D010788:Photosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D011485:Protein Binding; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000235:genetics; D014867:Water / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D008565:Membrane Proteins; D010940:Plant Proteins; D014867:Water; D000040:Abscisic Acid