title: Development and evaluation of a semifield test for repellent efficacy testing.
abstract: Estimation of the efficacy of mosquito repellents requires both laboratory and field tests. The results of field tests are more meaningful, but the safety of volunteers in such tests may be a significant concern. In the current study, we compared tests of mosquito repellent efficacy under semifield conditions in an outdoor enclosure with those under laboratory and field conditions. In this study, we assessed the efficacy of N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide under laboratory conditions with human volunteers and under semifield and field conditions with Centers for Disease Control and Prevention traps and experimental mice. A semifield test may be a suitable replacement for the more difficult field test for assessment of mosquito repellent efficacy. Semifield tests should be considered when developing new guidelines for testing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bio-industrial Technologies, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jong Kwang
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Department of Bio-industrial Technologies, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kang-Chang
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Bio-industrial Technologies, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: Yeon Dong
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Bio-industrial Technologies, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: Han Sam
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Konkuk University Hospital, Seoul 143-729, South Korea.
authors.forename: Yang-Won
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Cosmetics Research Team, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medical Device Research, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Chungcheongbuk-do 363-700, South Korea.
authors.forename: Bo-Kyung
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea.
authors.forename: Yu-Kyoung
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Department of Bio-industrial Technologies, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: Young Bong
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes; D000818:Animals; D003671:DEET; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007302:Insect Repellents; D051379:Mice
chemical_list: D007302:Insect Repellents; D003671:DEET