title: Measurements of monopolar and bipolar current spreads using forward-masking with a fixed probe.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This research employed a forward-masking paradigm to estimate the current spread of monopolar (MP) and bipolar (BP) maskers, with current amplitudes adjusted to elicit the same loudness. Since the spatial separation between active and return electrodes is smaller in BP than in MP configurations, the BP current spread is more localized and presumably superior in terms of speech intelligibility. Because matching the loudness requires higher current in BP than in MP stimulation, previous forward-masking studies show that BP current spread is not consistently narrower across subjects or electrodes within a subject.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present forward-masking measures of current spread differ from those of previous studies by using the same BP probe electrode configuration for both MP and BP masker configurations, and adjusting the current levels of the MP and BP maskers so as to match them in loudness. With this method, the estimate of masker current spread would not be contaminated by differences in probe current spread. Forward masking was studied in four cochlear implant patients, two females and two males, with speech recognition scores higher than 50%; that is, their auditory-nerve survival status was more than adequate to carry out the experiments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The data showed that MP and BP masker configurations produce equivalent masking patterns (and current spreads) in three participants. A fourth participant displayed asymmetrical patterns with enhancement rather than masking in some cases, especially when the probe and masker were at the same location.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed equivalent masking patterns for MP and BP maskers when the BP masker current amplitude was increased to match the loudness of the MP masker, and the same BP probe configuration is used with both maskers. This finding could help to explain why cochlear implant users often fail to accrue higher speech intelligibility benefit from BP stimulation.
authors.forename: Mohamed G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Bingabr
authors.forename: Blas
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Espinoza-Varas
authors.forename: Saroj
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sigdel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003054:Cochlear Implants; D003056:Cochlear Nerve / Q000502:physiology; D004566:Electrodes; D055724:Electrophysiological Phenomena; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008144:Loudness Perception / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010470:Perceptual Masking / Q000502:physiology*; D013065:Speech Intelligibility / Q000502:physiology
keywords: Bipolar; Cochlear implant; Current spreads; Forward masking; Monopolar