title: Surnames in Honduras: A study of the population of Honduras through isonymy.
abstract: In this work, we investigated surname distribution in 4,348,021 Honduran electors with the aim of detecting population structure through the study of isonymy in three administrative levels: the whole nation, the 18 departments, and the 298 municipalities. For each administrative level, we studied the surname effective number, α, the total inbreeding, FIT , the random inbreeding, FST , and the local inbreeding, FIS . Principal components analysis, multidimensional scaling, and cluster analysis were performed on Lasker's distance matrix to detect the direction of surname diffusion and for a graphic representation of the surname relationship between different locations. The values of FIT , FST , and FIS display a variation of random inbreeding between the administrative levels in the Honduras population, which is attributed to the "Prefecture effect." Multivariate analyses of department data identified two main clusters, one south-western and the second north-eastern, with the Bay Islands and the eastern Gracias a Dios out of the main clusters. The results suggest that currently the population structure of this country is the result of the joint action of short-range directional migration and drift, with drift dominating over migration, and that population diffusion may have taken place mainly in the NW-SE direction.
authors.affiliation: Universidad Católica de Honduras, San Pedro, Sula, Honduras.
authors.forename: Edwin Francisco
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Herrera Paz
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Scapoli
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mamolini
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sandri
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carrieri
authors.forename: Alvaro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Larralde
authors.forename: Italo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Barrai
mesh_terms: D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003241:Consanguinity; D005828:Genetics, Population / Q000379:methods*; D005843:Geography; D006721:Honduras; D063426:Human Migration / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D009275:Names; D025341:Principal Component Analysis
keywords: Honduras; Population structure; inbreeding; isolation by distance; isonymy