title: Lapita diet in remote oceania: new stable isotope evidence from the 3000-year-old Teouma site, Efate Island, Vanuatu.
abstract: Remote Oceania was colonized ca. 3000 BP by populations associated with the Lapita Cultural Complex, marking a major event in the prehistoric settlement of the Pacific Islands. Although over 250 Lapita sites have been found throughout the Western Pacific, human remains associated with Lapita period sites are rare. The site of Teouma, on Efate Island, Vanuatu has yielded the largest burial assemblage (n=68 inhumations) of Lapita period humans ever discovered, providing a unique opportunity for assessing human adaptation to the environment in a colonizing population. Stable isotope ratios (δ13C, δ15N, δ34S) of human bone collagen from forty-nine Teouma adults were analyzed against a comprehensive dietary baseline to assess the paleodiet of some of Vanuatu's earliest inhabitants. The isotopic dietary baseline included both modern plants and animals (n=98) and prehistoric fauna from the site (n=71). The human stable isotope data showed that dietary protein at Teouma included a mixture of reef fish and inshore organisms and a variety of higher trophic marine (e.g. marine turtle) and terrestrial animals (e.g. domestic animals and fruit bats). The domestic pigs and chickens at Teouma primarily ate food from a C3 terrestrial environment but their δ15N values indicated that they were eating foods from higher trophic levels than those of plants, such as insects or human fecal matter, suggesting that animal husbandry at the site may have included free range methods. The dietary interpretations for the humans suggest that broad-spectrum foraging and the consumption of domestic animals were the most important methods for procuring dietary protein at the site. Males displayed significantly higher δ15N values compared with females, possibly suggesting dietary differences associated with labor specialization or socio-cultural practices relating to food distribution.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kinaston
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Hallie
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Buckley
authors.affiliation: CNRS, Maison de l'Archéologie et de l'Ethnologie, Nanterre, France.
authors.forename: Frederique
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Valentin
authors.affiliation: Department of Archaeology and Natural History, College of Asia and the Pacific, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bedford
authors.affiliation: School of Archaeology and Anthropology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Spriggs
authors.affiliation: School of Archaeology and Anthropology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hawkins
authors.affiliation: CNRS, Laboratoire Méditerranéen de Préhistoire Europe Afrique, Aix-Marseille Université, Aix-en-Provence, France.
authors.forename: Estelle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Herrscher
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000737:chemistry; D002645:Chickens; D002685:Chiroptera; D004032:Diet / Q000266:history*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005399:Fishes; D049690:History, Ancient; D063426:Human Migration; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat; D012737:Sex Factors; D034421:Sus scrofa; D014426:Turtles; D009514:Vanuatu