title: Changes in protein expression in rat bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after exposure to zinc oxide nanoparticles: an iTRAQ proteomic approach.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are widely used in consumer products and various biomedical fields. As a result, humans are frequently exposed to these NPs. However, there is a lack of information about the proteins that are expressed in the airway in response to exposure to ZnO NPs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats that had been exposed to high-dose 35 nm ZnO NPs (N = 6) and filtered air (N = 4) was collected and then labeled with isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ). The differentially expressed proteins were identified by two-dimensional liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (2D-LC/MS/MS) and further classified by Gene Ontology (GO) annotation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 46 proteins displayed significant changes after exposure. GO annotation of these differentially expressed proteins indicated that exposure to ZnO NPs mainly affected immune and inflammatory processes. Furthermore, S100A8 and S100A9, candidate markers of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and lung cancer, were significantly up-regulated (2.78- and 2.87-fold, respectively) following exposure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data are consistent with recent study results that exposure to ZnO NPs induces lung inflammation. These data contribute to a better understanding of how exposure to ZnO NPs leads to lung damage through the functional classification of these proteins.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Min
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Juang
authors.forename: Ben-Heng
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Han-Ju
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Chien
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Tsun-Jen
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Chien-Chen
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Lai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D007553:Isotope Labeling / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity*; D020543:Proteome / Q000032:analysis* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D020543:Proteome; D015034:Zinc Oxide