title: Toxicity assessment of environmental pollutant phenanthrene in clam Venerupis philippinarum using oxidative stress biomarkers.
abstract: The objective of this study was to assess potential toxic effects of phenanthrene (PHE) on tissues of clam Venerupis philippinarum using parameters of antioxidant defenses and oxidative stress. Antioxidant biomarkers including ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione (GSH), as well as DNA damage and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in gills and digestive glands of V. philippinarum, were analyzed after a 1-, 3-, 6-, 10- and 15-day exposure to seawater containing PHE at concentrations of 2, 10, 50 μg/L. The results showed that the activity of most antioxidant enzymes was induced throughout the exposure period, and different trends were detected with time of exposure. The oxidative stress could be obviously caused in the gills and digestive glands under the experimental conditions. Overall, our results show that digestive glands are more sensitive to marine environmental stressors than gills, and GSH is proposed as potential useful biomarker as it showed good correlation with the target contaminant. This could provide useful information for toxic risk assessment of environmental pollutant PHE.
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China. Electronic address: panlq@ouc.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Luqing
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
authors.forename: Yanxia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 / Q000378:metabolism; D004249:DNA Damage; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005880:Gills / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010616:Phenanthrenes / Q000633:toxicity*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010616:Phenanthrenes; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C031181:phenanthrene; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D005978:Glutathione
keywords: Antioxidant responses; Biomarker; Oxidative stress; Phenanthrene (PHE); Venerupis philippinarum