title: Health and economic benefits of improved injury prevention and trauma care worldwide.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Injury is a significant source of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and often disproportionately affects younger, more productive members of society. While many have made the case for improved injury prevention and trauma care, health system development in low- and middle-income countries is often limited by resources. This study aims to determine the economic benefit of improved injury prevention and trauma care in low- and middle-income countries.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study uses existing data on injury mortality worldwide from the 2010 Global Burden of Disease Study to estimate the number of lives that could be saved if injury mortality rates in low- and middle-income countries could be reduced to rates in high-income countries. Using economic modeling--through the human capital approach and the value of a statistical life approach--the study then demonstrates the associated economic benefit of these lives saved.
  
  
  RESULTS
  88 percent of injury-related deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries. If injury mortality rates in low- and middle-income countries were reduced to rates in high-income countries, 2,117,500 lives could be saved per year. This would result in between 49 million and 52 million disability adjusted life years averted per year, with discounting and age weighting. Using the human capital approach, the associated economic benefit of reducing mortality rates ranges from $245 to $261 billion with discounting and age weighting. Using the value of a statistical life approach, the benefit is between 758 and 786 billion dollars per year.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reducing injury mortality in low- and middle-income countries could save over 2 million lives per year and provide significant economic benefit globally. Further investments in trauma care and injury prevention are needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Seattle, Washington, United States of America.
authors.forename: Meera
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kotagal
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
authors.forename: Kiran J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Agarwal-Harding
authors.affiliation: Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America.
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mock
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Quansah
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Arreola-Risa
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
authors.forename: John G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Meara
mesh_terms: D003906:Developing Countries / Q000191:economics*; D014943:Global Health / Q000191:economics*; D006801:Humans; D019057:Quality-Adjusted Life Years; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000191:economics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control