title: Biases in spatial bisection induced by viewing male and female faces.
abstract: Research on visual attention triggered by face gender is still relatively sparse. In the present study, three experiments are reported in which male and female participants were required to estimate the midpoint of a line (i.e., the "line bisection task"): at each end of the line a face was presented. Depending on the experimental condition, faces could be of the same gender (i.e., two males or two females) or the opposite gender. Experiments 1 and 2 converged in showing that when a male face was presented at the right and a female face at the left endpoint of the line, a clear rightward bias emerged compared to the other experimental conditions, indicating that male faces captured attention more than female faces. Importantly, male faces used across Experiments 1 and 2 were rated as more threatening than female faces, suggesting that perceived level of threat may have been responsible for the observed bias toward the male face. Experiment 3 corroborated this hypothesis by finding an attentional bias toward the male face with high threat (angry) faces but not with low threat (smiling) faces.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, <location>Milano, Italy</location> Brain Connectivity Center, National Neurological Institute C. Mondino, <location>Pavia, Italy</location>
authors.forename: Zaira
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cattaneo
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, <location>Milano, Italy</location>
authors.forename: Susanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schiavi
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, <location>Milano, Italy</location>
authors.forename: Carlotta
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lega
authors.affiliation: Brain Connectivity Center, National Neurological Institute C. Mondino, <location>Pavia, Italy</location>
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Renzi
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, <location>Milano, Italy</location>
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tagliaferri
authors.affiliation: Department of General Psychology and Methodology, University of Bamberg, <location>Germany</location>
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Boehringer
authors.affiliation: Department of General Psychology and Methodology, University of Bamberg, <location>Germany</location>
authors.forename: Claus-Christian
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Carbon
authors.affiliation: Brain Connectivity Center, National Neurological Institute C. Mondino, <location>Pavia, Italy</location> Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, <location>Italy</location>
authors.forename: Tomaso
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vecchi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D005145:Face; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000502:physiology*; D065854:Spatial Navigation / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: bisection; evolution; gender effects; opposite-gender bias; own-gender bias; sex; spatial; threatening faces; visual attention