title: Low adherence to Helicobacter pylori testing in hospitalized patients with bleeding peptic ulcer disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) testing in patients with bleeding ulcers is recommended by society guidelines and considered a quality indicator. The aim of the study is to examine the proportion of patients with bleeding ulcers who had H. pylori testing and identify predictors associated with H. pylori testing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive hospitalized patients with bleeding ulcers documented endoscopically at a single center from 10/2004-5/2011 were identified retrospectively from an endoscopy database. The proportion of patients undergoing direct H. pylori testing (histology, rapid urease test, breath test or stool antigen) and any H. pylori testing (direct or serologic) were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 330 patients with bleeding ulcers, 105 (32%, 95% CI 27-37%) underwent direct testing and another 52 (16%, 95% CI 12-20%) had serologic testing during a median follow-up of 9 months (range, 0-86). H. pylori testing occurred at the index hospitalization in 146 (93%) of the 157 patients tested. Among the 105 patients who had direct H. pylori testing, 90 (86%) had biopsy-based testing during the initial endoscopy. On multivariate analysis, undergoing biopsy of a gastric ulcer was strongly associated with having direct H. pylori testing performed (OR = 5.1, 95% CI 2.3-11.5; p < .0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among patients hospitalized with bleeding ulcers, less than half received H. pylori testing and less than a third received the more accurate direct testing. Most of the direct H. pylori testing was biopsy-based with very few being tested after the index hospitalization. Efforts to increase H. pylori testing in patients with bleeding ulcers are needed to improve outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Loma Linda University Global Health Institute, Loma Linda, CA, USA; Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: John S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Snorri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Olafsson
authors.forename: Loren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Laine
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001944:Breath Tests; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D005773:Gastroscopy; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000187:drug effects; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010437:Peptic Ulcer / Q000382:microbiology*; D010438:Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage / Q000382:microbiology*; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014510:Urease / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D014510:Urease
keywords: Helicobacter pylori; adherence; peptic ulcer; upper gastrointestinal bleeding