title: Expression of the BMP-2, -4 and -7 and their antagonists gremlin, chordin, noggin and follistatin during ectopic osteogenesis.
abstract: Molecular network of the osteogenic BMPs and extracellular inhibitors maintains homeostasis of the skeletal tissues. It is important to determine relationship between BMP-2, -4 and -7 and their inhibitors: gremlin, follistatin, chordin and noggin, during normal osteogenesis. To determine their expression pattern we conducted investigation by inducing ectopic bone formation in rats. The results shown that levels of the BMP-2 and BMP-4 expression in chondrocytes are similar to noggin and follistatin. The latter BMPs and inhibitors have increased levels of the expression at day 14th of the osteogenesis, which suggests their important roles in early phases of the chondrogenesis. Gremlin and chordin have shown increased levels of expression in late phase of chondrogenesis, which suggests their important role in regulation of the osteogenesis initiation. In this study, BMPs and inhibitors have the highest levels of the expression at 21st day in the osteocytes, which suggests their strong interactions in osteogenesis.
authors.affiliation: University of Rijeka, School of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Rijeka, Croatia. luka.dudaric@medri.uniri.hr
authors.forename: Luka
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dudarić
authors.affiliation: University of Rijeka, School of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Rijeka, Croatia.
authors.forename: Sanja Zoricić
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Cvek
authors.affiliation: University of Rijeka, School of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Rijeka, Croatia.
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Cvijanović
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Orthopedic Surgery, Lovran, Croatia.
authors.forename: Veljko
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Santić
authors.affiliation: University of Rijeka, School of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Rijeka, Croatia.
authors.forename: Ivana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Marić
authors.affiliation: University of Rijeka, University Hospital Center Rijeka, Department of Internal Medicine, Rijeka, Croatia.
authors.forename: Zeljka
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Crncević-Orlić
authors.affiliation: University of Rijeka, School of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Rijeka, Croatia.
authors.forename: Dragica
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bobinac
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D055419:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D016207:Cytokines; D005260:Female; D038681:Follistatin / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D010012:Osteogenesis; D011506:Proteins; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D000099176:Noggin Protein
chemical_list: D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4; D055419:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D016207:Cytokines; D038681:Follistatin; D006023:Glycoproteins; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D000099176:Noggin Protein; C525720:Bmp2 protein, rat; C525811:Bmp4 protein, rat; C525821:Bmp7 protein, rat; C107276:Grem1 protein, rat; C054234:chordin