title: Iatrogenic lower urinary tract injury at the time of pelvic reconstructive surgery: does previous pelvic surgery increase the risk?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to evaluate whether a history of previous pelvic surgery is associated with lower urinary tract (LUT) injury at the time of pelvic reconstructive surgery (PRS).
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis of patients undergoing pelvic reconstructive surgery from 2006 to 2011 was performed. Patients were divided into two groups: those with previous pelvic surgery and those without previous pelvic surgery. A sample size analysis was performed to determine the number needed to detect at least a 3-fold difference in the rate of LUT injury. Demographic, historical, clinical, intraoperative, and postoperative data were analyzed. Associations between LUT injury and demographics, previous pelvic surgery, or other clinical risk factors were assessed using univariate and multivariate analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  685 women were included in the analysis: 514 (74.9%) with and 171 (25.1%) without prior pelvic surgery. The overall rate of LUT injury was 6%. Of the injuries, 3.2% were cystotomies, and 1.9% were ureteral obstructions. Previous pelvic surgery did not significantly affect the rate of LUT injury (OR 0.76, 95%CI 0.38-1.54). A diagnosis of prolapse, concurrent hysterectomy, anterior repair, and apical repair were significantly associated with LUT injury. After controlling for age and race, a diagnosis of prolapse remained significantly associated with LUT injury (OR 3.38, 95% CI 1.11-14.75).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prior pelvic surgery does not affect the rate of LUT injury in pelvic reconstructive surgery. The diagnosis of prolapse is a risk factor for LUT injury in women undergoing pelvic reconstructive surgery.
authors.affiliation: Urogynecology & Pelvic Reconstructive Surgery, The Southeast Permanente Medical Group, Inc., Southwood Medical Center, 2400 Mount Zion Parkway, Jonesboro, GA, 30236, USA.
authors.forename: Docile
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Saguan
authors.forename: Gina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Northington
authors.forename: Orawee
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Chinthakanan
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hudson
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Karp
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D013509:Gynecologic Surgical Procedures; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D056887:Pelvic Organ Prolapse / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013526:Surgical Mesh; D014521:Urethra / Q000293:injuries*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000293:injuries*; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures; D055815:Young Adult