title: Serum cadmium levels in a sample of blood donors in the Western Amazon, Brazil, 2010-2011.
abstract: A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the distribution of serum cadmium (Cd) levels in blood donors in Rio Branco, Acre State, Brazil. Blood samples were obtained from 922 volunteer blood donors from 18 to 65 years of age at the Hemoacre blood center in 2010-2011. Mean serum Cd was 0.37µg/L (95%CI: 0.33-0.41). Increased serum Cd was associated with lower schooling; individuals with less than five years of schooling showed a mean Cd of 0.61µg/L (95%CI: 0.34-0.89), compared to 0.34µg/L (95%CI: 0.28-0.40) among those with more than nine years of schooling. Mean serum Cd was three times higher among smokers. Smoking showed a positive association with Cd level, with an OR of 12.36 (95%CI: 7.70-19.84). Meanwhile, serum Cd was lower among individuals that regularly drank tea, as compared to non-tea drinkers. Serum Cd levels were mostly below the reference value (88.3% of participants). Mean serum Cd in the current study indicates that in general the population studied here is not exposed to worrisome Cd levels.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco, Brasil, Universidade Federal do Acre , Rio Branco , Brasil .
authors.forename: André Ricardo Maia da Costa de
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Faro
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco, Brasil, Universidade Federal do Acre , Rio Branco , Brasil .
authors.forename: Wagner de Jesus
authors.initials: Wde J
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.affiliation: Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca , Fundação Oswaldo Cruz , Rio de Janeiro , Brasil .
authors.forename: Aldo Pacheco
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brasil, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto , Universidade de São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , Brasil .
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Barbosa
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brasil, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto , Universidade de São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , Brasil .
authors.forename: Vanessa Cristina de Oliveira
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco, Brasil, Universidade Federal do Acre , Rio Branco , Brasil .
authors.forename: Denys Eiti
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.affiliation: Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca , Fundação Oswaldo Cruz , Rio de Janeiro , Brasil .
authors.forename: Rosalina Jorge
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Koifman
authors.affiliation: Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca , Fundação Oswaldo Cruz , Rio de Janeiro , Brasil .
authors.forename: Sérgio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koifman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001782:Blood Donors; D001938:Brazil; D002104:Cadmium / Q000097:blood*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000097:blood; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002104:Cadmium