title: Demystifying heparan sulfate-protein interactions.
abstract: Numerous proteins, including cytokines and chemokines, enzymes and enzyme inhibitors, extracellular matrix proteins, and membrane receptors, bind heparin. Although they are traditionally classified as heparin-binding proteins, under normal physiological conditions these proteins actually interact with the heparan sulfate chains of one or more membrane or extracellular proteoglycans. Thus, they are more appropriately classified as heparan sulfate-binding proteins (HSBPs). This review provides an overview of the various modes of interaction between heparan sulfate and HSBPs, emphasizing biochemical and structural insights that improve our understanding of the many biological functions of heparan sulfate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093; email: dxu@ucsd.edu , jesko@ucsd.edu.
authors.forename: Ding
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Jeffrey D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Esko
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000737:chemistry; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism; D005966:Glucuronidase / Q000737:chemistry; D006497:Heparan Sulfate / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D006860:Hydrogen Bonding; D008024:Ligands; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000737:chemistry; D011485:Protein Binding; D025941:Protein Interaction Mapping; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000737:chemistry*; D000099175:Heparanase
chemical_list: D002241:Carbohydrates; D005966:Glucuronidase; D006497:Heparan Sulfate; D008024:Ligands; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D011506:Proteins; D011509:Proteoglycans; D000099175:Heparanase
keywords: glycan–protein interaction; glycosaminoglycan; heparan sulfate–binding domain; heparin-binding protein; oligomerization; proteoglycan