title: Rice bran enzymatic extract-supplemented diets modulate adipose tissue inflammation markers in Zucker rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chronic low-grade inflammation in obesity is characterized by macrophage accumulation in white adipose tissue and adipokine production deregulation. Obesity also is characterized by oxidative stress related to inflammatory signaling. The aim of this study was to analyze whether dietary supplementation with a rice bran enzymatic extract (RBEE), rich in bioactive compounds with antioxidant and hypocholesterolemic properties, would ameliorate the inflammatory state existing in visceral adipose tissue of obese Zucker rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Obese Zucker rats and their littermate controls, lean Zucker rats ages 8 wk, were daily fed an enriched diet with either 1% or 5% RBEE supplementation over 20 wk. Measurement of adipocyte size and mRNA expression of proinflammatory molecules from visceral abdominal/epididymal tissue was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An RBEE-supplemented diet decreased the overproduction of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1 β, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), as well as the overproduction of IL-6 and iNOs in visceral abdominal adipose tissue and visceral epididymal adipose tissue, respectively. An RBEE-supplemented diet modified the adipocyte-size distribution pattern in both abdominal and epididymal adipose tissue, shifting it toward smaller cell sizes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chronic administration of a novel water-soluble RBEE, rich in polyphenols, tocotrienols and γ-oryzanol, could be a suitable treatment to ameliorate the obesity-associated proinflammatory response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.
authors.forename: Manila
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Candiracci
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.
authors.forename: Maria Luisa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Justo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.
authors.forename: Angelica
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Castaño
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.
authors.forename: Rosalia
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Rodriguez
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville, Spain. Electronic address: Mdherrera@us.es.
authors.forename: Maria Dolores
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Herrera
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004822:Epididymis / Q000187:drug effects; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011924:Rats, Zucker; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
keywords: Adipose tissue; Inflammation markers; Obesity; Rice bran; Zucker rat