title: Cardiac rehabilitation in India.
abstract: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death and disability in India. Moreover, mortality following an acute myocardial infarction is high, which may be due to gaps in secondary prevention in general and a lack of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) services in particular. This review discusses the availability of CR in India, its putative role in reducing adverse outcomes over the long-term and suggests a road map for future research to enhance CR in this country. Currently, there is limited evidence, conducted in India, demonstrating CR efficacy. Moreover, there is currently limited availability of outpatient CR programs in India. Even so, there is consensus that CR is effective and essential in the CVD population. Therefore, efforts are needed to continue CR research in India and facilitate clinical implementation.
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Rehabilitation Consultant, Dharma Vira Heart Center, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India. Electronic address: kushalmadan@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Kushal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Madan
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiotherapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Abraham Samuel
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Babu
authors.affiliation: Asian Heart Institute, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Ashish
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Contractor
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Dharma Vira Heart Center, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Jitendra Pal Singh
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Sawhney
authors.affiliation: Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Dorairaj
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Prabhakaran
authors.affiliation: Fortis Escorts Hospital, Jaipur, India.
authors.forename: Rajeev
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gupta
mesh_terms: D002309:Cardiology / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D010349:Patient Compliance; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D015995:Prevalence; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Cardiac rehabilitation; Cardiovascular diseases; Secondary prevention