title: Critical considerations for the qualitative and quantitative determination of process-induced disorder in crystalline solids.
abstract: Solid-state instabilities in crystalline solids arise during processing primarily because a certain level of structural disorder has been introduced into the crystal. Many physical instabilities appear to be associated with the recrystallization of molecules from these disordered regions, while chemical instabilities arise from sufficient molecular mobility to allow solid-state chemical reactivity. In this Commentary we discuss the various forms of structural disorder, processing which can produce disorder, the quantitative analysis of process-induced order, and strategies to limit disorder and its effects.
authors.affiliation: Seventh Street Development Group, Lafayette, Indiana. Electronic address: ann.newman@seventhstreetdev.com.
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Newman
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zografi
mesh_terms: D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods*; D003460:Crystallization / Q000379:methods*; D004355:Drug Stability; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000737:chemistry*; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations
keywords: amorphous; crystal defects; crystal growth; physical characterization; physical stability