title: Robust sensor fusion of unobtrusively measured heart rate.
abstract: Contactless vital sign measurement technologies often have the drawback of severe motion artifacts and periods in which no signal is available. However, using several identical or physically different sensors, redundancy can be used to decrease the error in noncontact heart rate estimation, while increasing the time period during which reliable data are available. In this paper, we show for the first time two major results in case of contactless heart rate measurements deduced from a capacitive ECG and optical pulse signals. First, an artifact detection is an essential preprocessing step to allow a reliable fusion. Second, the robust but computationally efficient median already provides good results; however, using a Bayesian approach, and a short time estimation of the variance, best results in terms of difference to reference heart rate and temporal coverage can be achieved. In this paper, six sensor signals were used and coverage increased from 0-90% to 80-94%, while the difference between the estimated heart rate and the gold standard was less than ±2 BPM.
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wartzek
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brüser
authors.forename: Marian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Walter
authors.forename: Steffen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Leonhardt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D001513:Beds; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D055815:Young Adult