title: Chemical changes associated with increased acid resistance of Er:YAG laser irradiated enamel.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  An increase in the acid resistance of dental enamel, as well as morphological and structural changes produced by Er:YAG laser irradiation, has been reported.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the chemical changes associated with acid resistance of enamel treated with Er:YAG laser. Methods. Forty-eight enamel samples were divided into 4 groups (n = 12). Group I (control); Groups II, III, and IV were irradiated with Er:YAG at 100 mJ (12.7 J/cm(2)), 200 mJ (25.5 J/cm(2)), and 300 mJ (38.2 J/cm(2)), respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant differences in composition of irradiated groups (with the exception of chlorine) and in the amount of calcium released.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chemical changes associated with an increase in acid resistance of enamel treated with Er:YAG laser showed a clear postirradiation pattern characterized by a decrease in C at.% and an increase in O, P, and Ca at.% and no changes in Cl at.%. An increased Ca/P ratio after Er:YAG laser irradiation was associated with the use of higher laser energy densities. Chemical changes produced by acid dissolution showed a similar trend among experimental groups. Stable or increased Ca/P ratio after acid dissolution was observed in the irradiated groups, with reduction of Ca released into the acid solution.
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Odontología, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Odontología (CIEAO), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Jesús Carranza Esq. Paseo Tollocan, Col. Universidad, 50130 Toluca, MEX, Mexico.
authors.forename: Jennifer Manuela
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7419-9310
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Díaz-Monroy
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Odontología, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Odontología (CIEAO), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Jesús Carranza Esq. Paseo Tollocan, Col. Universidad, 50130 Toluca, MEX, Mexico.
authors.forename: Rosalía
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1760-2000
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Contreras-Bulnes
authors.affiliation: Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable (CCIQS), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Km 14.5 Carretera Toluca-Ixtlahuaca, San Cayetano de Morelos, 50200 Toluca, MEX, Mexico.
authors.forename: Oscar Fernando
authors.initials: OF
authors.lastname: Olea-Mejía
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Instrumental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Tollocan Esq. Paseo Colón, 50120 Toluca, MEX, Mexico.
authors.forename: María Magdalena
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: García-Fabila
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Odontología, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Odontología (CIEAO), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Jesús Carranza Esq. Paseo Tollocan, Col. Universidad, 50130 Toluca, MEX, Mexico.
authors.forename: Laura Emma
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Vilchis
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Odontología, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Odontología (CIEAO), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Jesús Carranza Esq. Paseo Tollocan, Col. Universidad, 50130 Toluca, MEX, Mexico.
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Flores
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Odontología, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Odontología (CIEAO), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Jesús Carranza Esq. Paseo Tollocan, Col. Universidad, 50130 Toluca, MEX, Mexico.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Centeno-Pedraza
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D007834:Lasers; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D019344:Lactic Acid