title: The objective structured clinical examination: can physician-examiners participate from a distance?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Currently, a 'pedagogical gap' exists in distributed medical education in that distance educators teach medical students but typically do not have the opportunity to assess them in large-scale examinations such as the objective structured clinical examination (OSCE). We developed a remote examiner OSCE (reOSCE) that was integrated into a traditional OSCE to establish whether remote examination technology may be used to bridge this gap. The purpose of this study was to explore whether remote physician-examiners can replace on-site physician-examiners in an OSCE, and to determine the feasibility of this new examination method.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty Year 3 medical students were randomised into six reOSCE stations that were incorporated into two tracks of a 10-station traditional OSCE. For the reOSCE stations, student performance was assessed by both a local examiner (LE) in the room and a remote examiner (RE) who viewed the OSCE encounters from a distance. The primary endpoint was the correlation of scores between LEs and REs across all reOSCE stations. The secondary endpoint was a post-OSCE survey of both REs and students.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistically significant correlations were found between LE and RE checklist scores for history taking (r = 0.64-r = 0.80), physical examination (r = 0.41-r = 0.54), and management stations (r = 0.78). Correlations between LE and RE global ratings were more varied (r = 0.21-r = 0.77). Correlations on three of the six stations reached significance. Qualitative analysis of feedback from REs and students showed high acceptance of the reOSCE despite technological issues.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This preliminary study demonstrated that OSCE ratings by LEs and REs were reasonably comparable when using checklists. Remote examination may be a feasible and acceptable way of assessing students' clinical skills, but further validity evidence will be required before it can be recommended for use in high-stakes examinations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Humphrey-Murto
authors.forename: Debra M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Pugh
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wood
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D057189:Checklist; D002983:Clinical Competence / Q000592:standards*; D004501:Education, Medical / Q000379:methods*; D004521:Educational Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D018961:Educational Technology / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005180:Faculty, Medical; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008487:Medical History Taking / Q000592:standards; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000592:standards; D019114:Remote Consultation / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013337:Students, Medical