title: Longitudinal predictions of the Brooding and Reflection subscales of the Japanese Ruminative Responses Scale for depression.
abstract: The Ruminative Responses Scale (RRS) is a measure of depressive rumination which has two subscales: Brooding and Reflection. This article examines the longitudinal predictions for depression and the test-retest reliability of the Brooding and Reflection of the Japanese RRS. Japanese university students (N = 378) completed the RRS, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and the Inventory to Diagnose Depression, Lifetime Version (IDDL) which was modified to assess symptoms experienced in the 8-wk. follow-up period. The standardized betas of the initial Brooding and Reflection subscales for the IDDL scores were significant and positive after controlling for baseline CES-D scores, but those for the CES-D scores at Time 2 were not significant. Longitudinal predictions of Brooding were partially consistent with those of other language versions (significant in almost all studies); however, longitudinal predictions of Reflection were not consistent with those of other language versions (negative in previous studies). The test-retest correlations of both subscales were similar to those obtained in Western countries.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Human Relations, Tokai Gakuin University, Japan. mail-ad.of.hasse@tokaigakuin-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Japan.
authors.forename: Munenaga
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koda
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yosuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hattori
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Nagoya University, Japan.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kawaguchi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000592:standards*; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000295:instrumentation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology*; D014495:Universities; D055815:Young Adult