title: Multi-response optimization using Taguchi design and principle component analysis for removing binary mixture of alizarin red and alizarin yellow from aqueous solution by nano γ-alumina.
abstract: The nanostructure of γ-alumina was used as an effective adsorbent for simultaneous removing of a mixture of alizarin red and alizarin yellow from aqueous solutions. The Taguchi design and principle component analysis were applied to explore effective parameters for achieving a higher adsorption capacity and removal percentage of the binary mixture containing alizarin red and alizarin yellow. Seven factors including temperature, contact time, initial pH value, the shaker rate, the sorbent dose, and initial concentrations of alizarin red and alizarin yellow in three levels were considered through the Taguchi technique. A L27 orthogonal array was used to determine the signal-to-noise ratio. Then, the removal percentage (R%) and adsorption capacity (q) of the above-mentioned dyes were transformed into an accurate S/N ratio. The Taguchi method indicates that the solution pH has the most contribution in controlling the removal percentage of alizarin red and alizarin yellow. Under optimal condition, the maximum removal percentages of 99% and 78.5%, and the capacity uptake of 54.4 and 39.0mg g(-1) were obtained for both alizarin red and alizarin yellow, respectively. Isotherm modeling and kinetic investigations showed that Langmuir, modified Langmuir, and pseudo-second-order models describe both the adsorption equilibrium and kinetic behavior well. The Fourier transform infrared analysis also firmly confirmed the involving active sites of nano γ-alumina in the adsorption process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Arak University, 38156-876 Arak, Iran. Electronic address: j-zolgharnein@araku.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Javad
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zolgharnein
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Arak University, 38156-876 Arak, Iran.
authors.forename: Neda
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Asanjrani
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Arak University, 38156-876 Arak, Iran.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bagtash
authors.affiliation: Central Laboratory, University of Isfahan, 81746-73441, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Gholamhasan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Azimi
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000537:Aluminum Oxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D000880:Anthraquinones / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D001391:Azo Compounds / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D007700:Kinetics; D008956:Models, Chemical; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D059629:Signal-To-Noise Ratio; D013816:Thermodynamics; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000880:Anthraquinones; D001391:Azo Compounds; D004396:Coloring Agents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C039508:alizarine yellow G; C010078:alizarin; D000537:Aluminum Oxide
keywords: Alizarin red; Alizarin yellow; Nano γ-alumina; Principle component analysis (PCA); Taguchi design