title: Parental and retail supply of tobacco to minors: findings from a community-based social supply intervention study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We report on findings from a quasi-experimental community trial of a complex intervention aimed at reducing social and commercial supply of cigarettes to young people.
  
  
  METHODS
  The intervention comprised a package of school, community and home-based smokefree strategies implemented over three years from 2007 to 2009 in a low-income area of Auckland, New Zealand, with another area serving as the control population. The main outcome measures were relative change in parental and retailer behaviour and in attitudes to the provision of tobacco to youth. We analysed baseline and follow-up data from questionnaires administered to parents and children living in the intervention and control areas using PASW Statistics 18.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No difference was found between groups in parents' permissiveness of smoking and in retailer compliance to the tobacco sale legislation over the course of the study, either because our intervention had no or only a limited effect, or alternatively because limitations in the study design diluted any effect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nevertheless, a key finding was that parents and retailers persisted as important sources of cigarettes for young people. Further study is required to identify effective interventions to address this issue.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Tobacco Control Research, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Jeny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gautam
authors.affiliation: Centre for Tobacco Control Research, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. Electronic address: m.glover@auckland.ac.nz.
authors.forename: Marewa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Glover
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Scragg
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Health Innovation, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bullen
authors.affiliation: Centre for Tobacco Control Research, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Dudley
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gentles
authors.affiliation: Pacific Health, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Vili
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nosa
authors.affiliation: Social & Community Health, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McCool
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003132:Commerce / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D003256:Community Participation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009520:New Zealand; D010290:Parents / Q000193:education*; D011204:Poverty Areas; D012907:Smoking / Q000208:ethnology; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D012926:Social Control, Formal; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D062789:Tobacco Products
keywords: Adolescent; Cigarettes; Controlled purchase operations; Smoking; Tobacco