title: Carbohydrate coingestion delays dietary protein digestion and absorption but does not modulate postprandial muscle protein accretion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dietary protein digestion and absorption is an important factor modulating muscle protein accretion. However, there are few data available on the effects of coingesting other macronutrients with protein on digestion and absorption kinetics and the subsequent muscle protein synthetic response.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was to determine the impact of carbohydrate coingestion with protein on dietary protein digestion and absorption and muscle protein accretion in healthy young and older men.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four healthy young (aged 21± 1 y, body mass index 21.8 ±0.5 kg/m(2)) and 25 older (aged 75 ± 1 y, body mass index 25.4 ± 0.6 kg/m(2)) men received a primed continuous L-[ring-(2)H5]-phenylalanine and L-[ring-3,5-(2)H2]-tyrosine infusion and ingested 20 g intrinsically L-[1-(13)C]-phenylalanine-labeled protein with (Pro+CHO) or without (Pro) 60 g carbohydrate. Plasma samples and muscle biopsies were collected in a postabsorptive and postprandial state.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Carbohydrate coingestion delayed the appearance of exogenous phenylalanine in the circulation (P = .001). Dietary protein-derived phenylalanine availability over the 5-hour postprandial period was lower in the older (62 ± 2%) when compared with the young subjects (74 ± 2%; P = .007), with no differences between conditions (P = .20). Carbohydrate coingestion did not modulate postprandial muscle protein synthesis rates (0.035 ± 0.003 vs 0.043 ± 0.004 and 0.033 ± 0.002 vs 0.035 ± 0.003%/h after Pro vs Pro+CHO in the young and older group, respectively). In accordance, no differences in muscle protein-bound L-[1-(13)C]-phenylalanine enrichments were observed between conditions (0.020 ± 0.002 vs 0.020 ± 0.002 and 0.019 ± 0.003 vs 0.022 ± 0.004 mole percent excess after Pro vs Pro+CHO in the young and older subjects, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Carbohydrate coingestion with protein delays dietary protein digestion and absorption but does not modulate postprandial muscle protein accretion in healthy young or older men.
authors.affiliation: Top Institute Food and Nutrition (S.H.M.G., N.A.B., H.M.H., L.J.C.v.L.), 6709 PA Wageningen, The Netherlands; Department of Human Movement Sciences (S.H.M.G., N.A.B., H.M.H., B.B.G., L.J.C.v.L.), NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology, and Metabolism, and Department of Human Biology (A.P.G.), NUTRIM, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Stefan H M
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Gorissen
authors.forename: Nicholas A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Burd
authors.forename: Henrike M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Hamer
authors.forename: Annemie P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Gijsen
authors.forename: Bart B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Groen
authors.forename: Luc J C
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: van Loon
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004063:Digestion / Q000187:drug effects*; D004435:Eating; D006801:Humans; D007408:Intestinal Absorption / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010649:Phenylalanine / Q000378:metabolism; D019518:Postprandial Period / Q000187:drug effects; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D010649:Phenylalanine