title: Adiposity and glycemic control in children exposed to perfluorinated compounds.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to explore whether childhood exposure to perfluorinated and polyfluorinated compounds (PFCs), widely used stain- and grease-repellent chemicals, is associated with adiposity and markers of glycemic control.
  
  
  METHODS
  Body mass index, skinfold thickness, waist circumference, leptin, adiponectin, insulin, glucose, and triglyceride concentrations were assessed in 8- to 10-year-old children in 1997 in a subset of the European Youth Heart Study, Danish component. Plasma PFC concentrations were available from 499 children. Linear regression models were performed to determine the association between PFC exposure and indicators of adiposity and markers of glycemic control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no association between PFC exposures and adiposity or markers of glycemic control in normal-weight children. Among overweight children, an increase of 10 ng perfluorooctane sulfonic acid/mL plasma was associated with 16.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.2%-28.3%) higher insulin concentration, 12.0% (95% CI, 2.4%-22.4%) higher β-cell activity, 17.6% (95% CI, 5.8%-30.8%) higher insulin resistance, and 8.6% (95% CI, 1.2%-16.5%) higher triglyceride concentrations, and an increase of 10 ng perfluorooctanoic acid/mL plasma was associated with 71.6% (95% CI, 2.4%-187.5%) higher insulin concentration, 67.5% (95% CI, 5.5%-166.0%) higher β-cell function, 73.9% (95% CI, 0.2%-202.0%) higher insulin resistance, and 76.2% (95% CI, 22.8%-153.0%) higher triglyceride concentrations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased PFC exposure in overweight 8- to 10-year-old children was associated with higher insulin and triglyceride concentrations. Chance findings may explain some of our results, and due to the cross-sectional design, reverse causation cannot be excluded. The findings therefore need to be confirmed in longitudinal studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health (C.A.G.T., L.I.R., C.D., P.G., F.N., T.K.J.), and Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics (A.G., M.R.-L., L.B.A.), University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; and Department of Biostatistics (K.D.S., T.S.), University of Copenhagen, 1353 Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Clara Amalie G
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Timmermann
authors.forename: Laura I
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Rossing
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grøntved
authors.forename: Mathias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ried-Larsen
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dalgård
authors.forename: Lars B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Grandjean
authors.forename: Flemming
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.forename: Kira D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Svendsen
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Scheike
authors.forename: Tina K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Jensen
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002210:Caprylates / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000097:blood / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000097:blood / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D012885:Skinfold Thickness
chemical_list: D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002210:Caprylates; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D005466:Fluorocarbons; C023036:perfluorooctanoic acid; C076994:perfluorooctane sulfonic acid