title: Surgical targeting of recurrent thyroid cancer using a novel mixture of 99m-technetium macroaggregated albumin and indocyanine green.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Precise targeting has played a pivotal role in the success of surgery for recurrent differentiated thyroid cancers (DTCs). To improve on current targeting methods, we developed a novel technique using (99m)Tc-macroaggregated human serum albumin and indocyanine green (TIGMA), with which surgeons effectively target lesions in real time by radiofluorescence dual guidance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven patients with 10 recurrent DTC lesions were retrospectively enrolled in the study. Prior to the operation, we injected TIGMA into the target lesion under the guidance of ultrasonography. Resection was concurrently monitored using a gamma probe and a specially designed near infrared fluorescence camera. Outcomes were evaluated using imaging, surgical, and pathological records.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all enrolled cases, both injection of TIGMA and radiofluorescence dual guidance were well tolerated and easy to implement. The technical success rates were 100%, confirmed by final pathological examination, postoperative ultrasonography, and I-131 scan clearance. Complications such as temporary postoperative neck pain (n = 2) were minimal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TIGMA using radiofluorescence dual guidance facilitated the precise targeting of recurrent lesions. The entire procedure was feasible, safe, and successful. This method would help enhance surgical outcomes for recurrent DTCs.
authors.affiliation: National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yuh-S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea skkim@ncc.re.kr.
authors.forename: Seok-Ki
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Insoo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Junsun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.affiliation: National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seok Won
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Chang Yoon
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared / Q000379:methods; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D013668:Technetium Tc 99m Aggregated Albumin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D013668:Technetium Tc 99m Aggregated Albumin; D007208:Indocyanine Green
keywords: indocyanine green; near-infrared; surgery; technetium 99m–aggregated albumin; thyroid neoplasms