title: A simple Chinese risk score model for screening cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of the present study was to develop and evaluate a risk score to predict people at high risk of cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction neuropathy (CAN) in Chinese population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A population-based sample of 2,092 individuals aged 30-80 years, without previously diagnosed CAN, was surveyed between 2011 and 2012. All participants underwent short-term HRV test. The risk score was derived from an exploratory set. The risk score was developed by stepwise backward multiple logistic regression. The coefficients from this model were transformed into components of a CAN score. This score was tested in a validation and entire sample.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The final risk score included age, body mass index, hypertension, resting hear rate, items independently and significantly (P<0.05) associated with the presence of previously undiagnosed CAN. The area under the receiver operating curve was 0.726 (95% CI 0.686-0.766) for exploratory set, 0.784 (95% CI 0.749-0.818) for validation set, and 0.756 (95% CI 0.729-0.782) for entire sample. In validation set, at optimal cutoff score of 5 of 10, the risk score system has the sensitivity, specificity, and percentage that needed subsequent testing were 69, 78, and 30%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We developed a CAN risk score system based on a set of variables not requiring laboratory tests. The score system is simple fast, inexpensive, noninvasive, and reliable tool that can be applied to early intervention to delay or prevent the disease in China.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Emergence Department, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.affiliation: Emergence Department, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Shu-Ming
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fudan University Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Fangfang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fudan University Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Zi-Hui
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Ying-Wei
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D058070:Asymptomatic Diseases; D002681:China; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015233:Models, Statistical; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012372:ROC Curve; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*