title: Small for gestational age babies are not related to changes in markers of adipose tissue dysfunction during reproductive age.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Small for gestational age (SGA) birth has been associated with adipocyte dysfunction during later phases of life. Because SGA women are at a higher risk of developing polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), adipocyte dysfunction detected in patients with PCOS may be associated with SGA birth.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether SGA birth is related to altered serum markers of adipose tissue dysfunction during the third decade of life in Brazilian women. A secondary objective was to relate the presence of PCOS with serum markers of adipose tissue dysfunction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 384 women born at 37 to 42weeks of gestation from June 1, 1978 to May 31, 1979 in Ribeirão Preto, State of São Paulo, Brazil. After exclusion, 165 women participated in the study. Of these women, 43 were in the SGA group and 122 were in the adequate for gestational age group based on birth weight determined from cohort files.
  
  
  METHODS
  Body mass index (BMI), arterial systolic and diastolic pressures, abdominal circumference and serum concentrations of total testosterone, fasting glucose and insulin, lipid profile, adiponectin, leptin and necrosis factor alpha tumor (TNFα).
  
  
  RESULTS
  BMI was an independent predictor of lower adiponectin (adjusted coefficient=-0.02, p=0.01) and higher leptin (adjusted coefficient=0.06, p=0.01) concentrations. The serum insulin concentration was associated with higher leptin (adjusted coefficient=0.03, p=0.02) and TNF-α (adjusted coefficient=0.01, p=0.03) concentrations. Having PCOS or being born SGA did not predict any markers of adipocyte dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, FMRP-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: doctor_asmelo@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Anderson Sanches de
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Melo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, FMRP-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Heloisa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bettiol
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Federal University of Maranhão, MA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Antônio Augusto Moura da
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital, FMRP-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Carolina Japur Sá
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Rosa-e-Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, FMRP-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Viviane Cunha
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital, FMRP-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rosana Maria dos
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital, FMRP-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rui Alberto
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Ferriani
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, FMRP-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marco Antonio
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Barbieri
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital, FMRP-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carolina Sales
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Vieira
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D001786:Blood Glucose; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age / Q000097:blood*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D047929:Term Birth; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D020738:Leptin; D008055:Lipids; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D013739:Testosterone
keywords: Adiponectin; Leptin; Obesity; Polycystic ovary syndrome; Small for gestational age; Tumor necrosis factor alpha