title: Chemical characterization and antiherpes activity of sulfated polysaccharides from Lithothamnion muelleri.
abstract: We report herein the chemical characterization and antiherpes activity of polysaccharides from the red alga Lithothamnion muelleri (Hapalidiaceae). The polysaccharide-rich fractions B1 and B2 were obtained by extraction with Na2CO3 and were purified by size exclusion chromatography to afford Fra-B1 and Fra-B2. The polysaccharides were characterized by FT-IR and chemical analysis (total contents of carbohydrates, proteins, sulfate and uronic acid), whereas their average molecular weights were estimated by high performance gel permeation chromatography. The monosaccharide analysis detected galactose, glucose, xylose, mannose, rhamnose and arabinose in the four polysaccharide samples. Antiherpetic in vitro assays showed that B1 and B2 inhibited Herpes Simplex Virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) when added simultaneously to viral infection affording selectivity indices (SI=CC50/EC50) higher than 20. Investigation of the mechanism of action indicated that B1 and B2 act on the initial steps of HSV replication, mainly inhibiting viral adsorption but also viral penetration into the cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31.270-901 Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bruna G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Malagoli
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Trindade, 88.040-900, Florianópolis, Brazil.
authors.forename: Francielle T G S
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Cardozo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31.270-901 Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jose Hugo S
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, ICEX, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31.270-901 Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vany P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Ferraz
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Trindade, 88.040-900 Florianópolis, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cláudia M O
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Simões
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31.270-901 Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Electronic address: fernao@netuno.lcc.ufmg.br.
authors.forename: Fernão C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Braga
mesh_terms: D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000737:chemistry; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000187:drug effects; D018258:Herpesvirus 2, Human / Q000187:drug effects; D008970:Molecular Weight; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012624:Seaweed / Q000737:chemistry*; D013431:Sulfates / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014574:Uronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D002241:Carbohydrates; D011134:Polysaccharides; D013431:Sulfates; D014574:Uronic Acids
keywords: Antiherpetic activity; HSV; Lithothamnion muelleri; Polysaccharides; Sulfated xylogalactans