title: Physicians' beliefs and likelihood of prescribing opioid tamper-resistant formulations for chronic noncancer pain patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tamper-resistant opioid formulations (TRFs) have recently been the target of active development in an effort to deter opioid misuse and abuse.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To understand factors that are predictive of physicians' likelihoods of prescribing TRFs to patients with chronic noncancer pain (CNCP).
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional survey was conducted, utilizing a questionnaire of clinicians' attitudes and opinions about opioids for CNCP (Clinicians' Attitudes about Opioids Scale) to explore beliefs about and likelihood of prescribing TRFs.
  
  
  METHODS
  A nationally representative sample of 1,535 practicing physicians throughout the United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  A stepwise hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to estimate if physician characteristics, opinions, or geographic region categorized according to state rates of mortality by drug overdose and milligrams of opioids prescribed by state were predictive of the likelihood of prescribing TRFs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Board certification in Pain Medicine and prescribing opioids to a higher volume of CNCP patients were significantly predictive of a reported likelihood of prescribing TRFs, in addition to concerns about possible misuse and abuse of opioids, beliefs in the effectiveness of opioids for CNCP, and greater satisfaction with education and training in pain management this set of factors accounted for 21% of the model variance. Rates of mortality by drug overdose and opioid prescription volume by location were not predictive of TRF usage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reducing physician concerns about potential misuse and abuse of opioids through additional education in pain management and dissemination of information about the potential benefits and availability of TRFs should influence physicians' attitudes about and the adoption of TRFs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine and Center for Pain Research on Impact, Measurement, & Effectiveness, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
authors.forename: Dennis C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Turk
authors.forename: Elizabeth J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Dansie
authors.forename: Hilary D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Moskovitz
authors.forename: Myoung
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005843:Geography; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods*; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D063487:Prescription Drug Misuse / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid
keywords: Attitudes; Chronic Noncancer Pain; Opioids; Prescribing Patterns; Tamper-Resistant Formulations