title: A simple tool for diet evaluation in primary health care: validation of a 16-item food intake questionnaire.
abstract: Our aim was to validate a 16-item food intake questionnaire (16-FIQ) and create an easy to use method to estimate patients' nutrient intake in primary health care. Participants (52 men, 25 women) completed a 7-day food record and a 16-FIQ. Food and nutrient intakes were calculated and compared using Spearman correlation. Further, nutrient intakes were compared using kappa-statistics and exact and opposite agreement of intake tertiles. The results indicated that the 16-FIQ reliably categorized individuals according to their nutrient intakes. Methods to estimate nutrient intake based on the answers given in 16-FIQ were created. In linear regression models nutrient intake estimates from the food records were used as the dependent variables and sum variables derived from the 16-FIQ were used as the independent variables. Valid regression models were created for the energy proportion of fat, saturated fat, and sucrose and the amount of fibre (g), vitamin C (mg), iron (mg), and vitamin D (μg) intake. The 16-FIQ is a valid method for estimating nutrient intakes in group level. In addition, the 16-FIQ could be a useful tool to facilitate identification of people in need of dietary counselling and to monitor the effect of counselling in primary health care.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland. katri.hemio@thl.fi.
authors.forename: Katri
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hemiö
authors.affiliation: The Prevention Project of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, P.O. Box 2000, FI-33521 Tampere, Finland. auli.polonen@pshp.fi.
authors.forename: Auli
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pölönen
authors.affiliation: Tampere University Hospital, P.O. Box 2000, FI-33521 Tampere, Finland. kirsti.ahonen@pshp.fi.
authors.forename: Kirsti
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ahonen
authors.affiliation: Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland. mikko.kosola@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mikko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kosola
authors.affiliation: Finnair Health Services, IF/67, 01053 Finnair, Finland. katriina.viitasalo@finnair.com.
authors.forename: Katriina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Viitasalo
authors.affiliation: Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland. jaana.lindstrom@thl.fi.
authors.forename: Jaana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lindström
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015930:Diet Records; D004435:Eating; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011320:Primary Health Care; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires