title: Doping in gymnasiums in Amman: the other side of prescription and nonprescription drug abuse.
abstract: This study investigated the abuse of over-the-counter (OTC) products (e.g., proteins, dietary supplements) and prescription drugs (e.g., hormones) in gymnasiums in Amman by random distribution of a structured questionnaire to 375 gym clients (November 2012-February 2013). Data were analyzed using SPSS for Windows (version 17.0). A total of 31 (8.8%) clients admitted to using 21 products (mentioned 71 times) of anabolic steroids and other hormones (e.g., growth hormone and thyroxine) to increase muscular power at the gym or build muscle mass. Abuse of different prescription and OTC drugs among gymnasium clients is present in Jordan, but current methods for controlling the problem are ineffective. Better methods should be developed. The study's limitations are noted.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, The University of Jordan , Amman , Jordan.
authors.forename: Mayyada
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wazaify
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bdair
authors.forename: Kamal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Al-Hadidi
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Scott
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004300:Doping in Sports / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007597:Jordan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D063487:Prescription Drug Misuse / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Amman; abuse; anabolic-androgenic steroids; athletes; doping; fitness; gymnasiums; proteins