title: Inhibition of TNF-α-Mediated NF-κB Transcriptional Activity by Dammarane-Type Ginsenosides from Steamed Flower Buds of Panax ginseng in HepG2 and SK-Hep1 Cells.
abstract: Panax ginseng is a medicinal herb that is used worldwide. Its medicinal effects are primarily attributable to ginsenosides located in the root, leaf, seed, and flower. The flower buds of Panax ginseng (FBPG) are rich in various bioactive ginsenosides, which exert immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activities. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of 18 ginsenosides isolated from steamed FBPG on the transcriptional activity of NF-κB and the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-stimulated target genes in liver-derived cell lines. Noticeably, the ginsenosides Rk3 and Rs4 exerted the strongest activity, inhibiting NF-κB in a dose-dependent manner. SF and Rg6 also showed moderately inhibitory effects. Furthermore, these four compounds inhibited the TNF-α-induced expression of IL8, CXCL1, iNOS, and ICAM1 genes. Consequently, ginsenosides purified from steamed FBPG have therapeutic potential in TNF-α-mediated diseases such as chronic hepatic inflammation.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyoungwon
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seok Bean
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Nguyen Huu
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Tung
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyoon Eon
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young Ho
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
keywords: Hepatocyte derived cells; NF-κB inhibitory activity; Panax ginseng flower buds; Tumor necrosis factor-α