title: Correlation of the levels of glycosaminoglycans between urine and dried urine in filter paper samples and their stability over time under different storage temperatures.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs) are a group of lysosomal storage diseases caused by the deficiency/absence of enzymes which catalyze the degradation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). The use of biological samples dried on filter paper has been increasing because it makes it easy to ship them to reference laboratories. Urinary GAGs are the main biomarkers of MPS and, thus, we studied the correlations of determinations to GAGs and creatinine, as well as compared the GAGs' profile on electrophoresis, between urine and dried urine in filter paper (DUFP) samples. We also assessed the GAG stability over time under different storage temperatures.
  
  
  METHODS
  We quantified the GAG concentration in both sample types and compared the results by Pearson correlation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results were very similar, with r=0.97 for creatinine and with r=0.94 and r=0.98 for GAGs for controls and patients, respectively, with similar electrophoretic profiles. The GAG stability in DUFP was up to 30days at -20, 4, and 25°C and up to 21days at 37°C.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our proposal assessed urinary GAGs in DUFP and concluded that these samples can be used in the investigation of MPS, replacing urine samples in neonatal screening and monitoring of therapies, due to ease of transportation and storage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Carolina
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Breier
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jaqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cé
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: janice.coelho@ufrgs.br.
authors.forename: Janice Carneiro
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Coelho
mesh_terms: D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D005374:Filtration; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000652:urine*; D006801:Humans; D010209:Paper; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000379:methods*; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; D003404:Creatinine
keywords: Dried urine in filter paper; Glycosaminoglycans; Mucopolysaccharidoses