title: Polydopamine-based simple and versatile surface modification of polymeric nano drug carriers.
abstract: The surface of a polymeric nanoparticle (NP) is often functionalized with cell-interactive ligands and/or additional polymeric layers to control NP interaction with cells and proteins. However, such modification is not always straightforward when the surface is not chemically reactive. For this reason, most NP functionalization processes employ reactive linkers or coupling agents or involve prefunctionalization of the polymer, which are complicated and inefficient. Moreover, prefunctionalized polymers can lose the ability to encapsulate and retain a drug if the added ligands change the chemical properties of the polymer. To overcome this challenge, we use dopamine polymerization as a way of functionalizing NP surfaces. This method includes brief incubation of the preformed NPs in a weak alkaline solution of dopamine, followed by secondary incubation with desired ligands. Using this method, we have functionalized poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) NPs with three representative surface modifiers: a small molecule (folate), a peptide (Arg-Gly-Asp), and a polymer [poly(carboxybetaine methacrylate)]. We confirmed that the modified NPs showed the expected cellular interactions with no cytotoxicity or residual bioactivity of dopamine. The dopamine polymerization method is a simple and versatile surface modification method, applicable to a variety of NP drug carriers irrespective of their chemical reactivity and the types of ligands.
authors.affiliation: Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University , 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.
authors.forename: Joonyoung
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Tarsis F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Brust
authors.forename: Hong Jae
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sang Cheon
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Val J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Watts
authors.forename: Yoon
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yeo
mesh_terms: D001622:Betaine / Q000737:chemistry; D001692:Biological Transport; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D007624:KB Cells; D019344:Lactic Acid; D053758:Nanoparticles; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000737:chemistry; D010316:Particle Size; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D012449:Safety; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D007211:Indoles; D009842:Oligopeptides; D011108:Polymers; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; C517178:polycarboxybetaine methacrylate; C568283:polydopamine; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; D001622:Betaine; C047981:arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid; D005492:Folic Acid