title: High urban breeding densities do not disrupt genetic monogamy in a bird species.
abstract: Urbanization causes widespread endangerment of biodiversity worldwide. However, some species successfully colonize cities reaching higher densities than in their rural habitats. In these cases, although urban city dwellers may apparently be taking advantage of these new environments, they also face new ecological conditions that may induce behavioural changes. For example, the frequency of alternative reproductive behaviours such as extra-pair paternity and intraspecific brood parasitism might increase with breeding densities. Here, using a panel of 17 microsatellites, we tested whether increments in breeding densities such as those associated with urban invasion processes alter genetic monogamy in the burrowing owl Athene cunicularia. Our results show low rates of extra-pair paternity (1.47%), but relatively high levels of intraspecific brood parasitism (8.82%). However, we were not able to detect differences in the frequency at which either alternative reproductive behaviour occurs along a strong breeding density gradient. Further research is needed to properly ascertain the role of other social and ecological factors in the frequency at which this species presents alternative reproductive strategies. Meanwhile, our results suggest that genetic monogamy is maintained despite the increment in conspecific density associated with a recent urban invasion process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Department of Conservation Biology, Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, Sevilla, Spain.
authors.forename: Sol
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Martínez
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservation Biology, Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, Sevilla, Spain; Department of Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain.
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carrete
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservation Biology, Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, Sevilla, Spain.
authors.forename: Séverine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roques
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology, Genetics and Evolution, IEGEBA-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rebolo-Ifrán
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservation Biology, Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, Sevilla, Spain.
authors.forename: José L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Tella
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001717:Birds / Q000235:genetics*; D001947:Breeding; D056426:Genetic Loci / Q000235:genetics; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics; D009425:Nesting Behavior; D013045:Species Specificity; D014507:Urbanization