title: DNA microarray analysis reveals that antibiotic resistance-gene diversity in human gut microbiota is age related.
abstract: The human gut is a reservoir for antibiotic resistance genes. In this report, we used a DNA microarray chip covering 369 resistance types to investigate the relationship between antibiotic resistance-gene diversity and human age. Metagenomic DNA from fecal samples from 124 healthy volunteers of four different age groups (pre-school-aged children (CH), school-aged children (SC), high school students (HSS) and adults (AD)) were hybridized to the microarray chip. The results showed that 80 different gene types were recovered from the gut microbiota of the 124 individuals: 25 from CH, 37 from SC, 58 from HSS and 72 from AD. Further analysis indicated that the antibiotic resistance genes in the CH, SC and AD groups clustered independently, whereas the gene types in the HSS group were more divergent. Our results indicated that antibiotic resistance genes in the human gut microbiota accumulate from childhood to adulthood and become more complex with age.
authors.affiliation: 1] CAS key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China [2] Beijing Key Laboratory of Microbial Drug Resistance and Resistome, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China [3].
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: 1] CAS key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China [2] Beijing Key Laboratory of Microbial Drug Resistance and Resistome, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China [3].
authors.forename: Yongfei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: 1] Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China [2].
authors.forename: Liying
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: 1] CAS key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China [2] Beijing Key Laboratory of Microbial Drug Resistance and Resistome, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yeshi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yongliang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Zhiqi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: 1] CAS key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China [2] Beijing Key Laboratory of Microbial Drug Resistance and Resistome, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Baoli
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial / Q000235:genetics*; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000382:microbiology*; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D054892:Metagenome; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D064307:Microbiota / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D005810:Multigene Family; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010802:Phylogeny
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial