title: Associations between two polymorphisms (FokI and BsmI) of vitamin D receptor gene and type 1 diabetes mellitus in Asian population: a meta-analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms are possibly involved in the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). However, the results to date have been inconclusive. We performed a meta-analysis to examine the association between 2 polymorphisms (FokI and BsmI) of the VDR gene and T1DM in the Asian population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Literature was retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, CBM, Embase and Chinese databases. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random or fixed effect model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 20 papers (BsmI: 13 studies; FokI: 13 studies) were included. In contrast to the FokI polymorphism, the BsmI polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of T1DM in the Asian population (OR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.13-1.91, P = 0.004 for B vs. b). Upon stratification by regional geography, an increased risk of T1DM in association with the BsmI polymorphism was observed in the East Asian population (OR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.38-2.83, P<0.001 for B vs. b), whereas the FokI polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of T1DM in the West Asian population (OR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.12-1.88, P = 0.004 for F vs. f).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our meta-analysis suggests that the BsmI polymorphism may be a risk factor for susceptibility to T1DM in the East Asian population, and the FokI polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of T1DM in the West Asian population. However, because the study size was limited, further studies are essential to confirm our results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology Medicine, Lianyungang First People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Lianyungang, China.
authors.forename: Guofeng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology Medicine, The Fist Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Qingqing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology Medicine, Lianyungang First People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Lianyungang, China.
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology Medicine, The Fist Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Kuanfeng
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology Medicine, The Fist Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology Medicine, The Fist Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology Medicine, The Fist Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000235:genetics; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015252:Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific / Q000378:metabolism; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics*; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol; C053864:endodeoxyribonuclease BsmI; C035042:endodeoxyribonuclease FokI; D015252:Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific