title: The use of everolimus to target carcinogenic pathways in a patient with renal cell carcinoma and tuberous sclerosis complex: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  An increased understanding of the genetic pathways involved in renal cell carcinoma has resulted in the development of various drugs that target relevant signaling cascades for the specific treatment of this disease. However, no validated predictive markers have been identified to guide the decision whether patients should receive vascular endothelial growth factor-targeted therapy or mammalian target of rapamycin-targeted therapy. We present what is, to the best of our knowledge, the first case of renal cell carcinoma in a patient with tuberous sclerosis complex who was successfully treated with everolimus.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patient was a 49-year-old Korean woman with tuberous sclerosis complex and recurrent renal cell carcinoma. The patient was treated with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor sunitinib followed by the mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor everolimus. This treatment resulted in a prolonged response and significant clinical benefit. Notably, everolimus ameliorated the symptoms related not only to renal cell carcinoma but also to tuberous sclerosis complex.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This case provides a rationale for the use of everolimus as first-line treatment for this specific patient population in order to target the correct pathway involved in carcinogenesis.
authors.forename: Hye Sook
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Seung Tae
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Seok Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Deuk Jae
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.forename: Chul Hwan
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sang Won
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Yeul Hong
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Won Yong
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Division of Oncology/Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Inchon-ro 73, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-702, Korea. khpark@korea.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Kyong Hwa
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Park