title: Overexpression of androgen receptor and forkhead-box A1 protein in apocrine breast carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Apocrine breast carcinoma often lacks estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor type-2 (HER2) expression. Accordingly, development of a new treatment strategy is important for this type of cancer. The growth stimulus through the androgen receptor (AR) can be a candidate for targeted treatment. Therefore, we examined the factors related to AR transcription.
  
  
  METHODS
  We immunohistochemically evaluated 54 apocrine cancer lesions for ER, PgR, AR, HER2, Ki-67, forkhead-box protein A1 (FOXA1), and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) expression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ER, PgR, and HER2 were expressed at a low level, thus 44 out of 54 (81.4%) cases were of triple-negative breast cancer. AR, PSA and FOXA1 were expressed in 100% (54/54), 48% (26/54) and 93% (50/54) of cases, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most of apocrine breast carcinomas were immunohistochemically-positive for AR and FOXA1. Anti-androgenic therapies can potentially serve as a cancer-targeting therapy for apocrine breast carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Surgery, National Hospital Organization, Tokyo Medical Center, 2-5-1 Higashigaoka, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8902, Japan. matsuiakira@kankakuki.go.jp.
authors.forename: Manami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sasahara
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Matsui
authors.forename: Yoshiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ichimura
authors.forename: Yuuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirakata
authors.forename: Yuuya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Marui
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001050:Apocrine Glands / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D051541:Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 3-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000378:metabolism*; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D051541:Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 3-alpha; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D011944:Receptors, Androgen; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone; C410798:AR protein, human; C506487:ESR1 protein, human; C496499:FOXA1 protein, human; C508053:ERBB2 protein, human
keywords: AR; Apocrine breast carcinoma; FOXA1; PSA