title: Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of plant lignan 7-hydroxymatairesinol and effects on serum enterolactone and clinical symptoms in postmenopausal women: a single-blinded, parallel, dose-comparison study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  7-Hydroxymaitairesinol (7-HMR) is a naturally occurring plant lignan found in whole grains and the Norway spruce (Piciea abies). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bioavailability of a proprietary 7-HMR product (HMRlignan, Linnea SA, Locarno, Switzerland) through measurement of lignan metabolites and metabolic precursors.
  
  
  METHODS
  A single-blind, parallel, pharmacokinetic and dose-comparison study was conducted on 22 postmenopausal females not receiving hormone replacement therapy. Subjects were enrolled in either a 36 mg/d (low-dose) or 72 mg/d dose (high-dose) regimen for 8 weeks. Primary measured outcomes included plasma levels of 7-HMR and enterolactone (ENL), and single-dose pharmacokinetic analysis was performed on a subset of subjects in the low-dose group. Safety data and adverse event reports were collected as well as data on hot flash frequency and severity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated 7-HMR C max = 757.08 ng/ml at 1 hour and ENL C max = 4.8 ng/ml at 24 hours. From baseline to week 8, plasma 7-HMR levels increased by 191% in the low-dose group (p < 0.01) and by 1238% in the high-dose group (p < 0.05). Plasma ENL levels consistently increased as much as 157% from baseline in the low-dose group and 137% in the high-dose group. Additionally, the mean number of weekly hot flashes decreased by 50%, from 28.0/week to 14.3/week (p < 0.05) in the high-dose group. No significant safety issues were identified in this study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results demonstrate that HMRlignan is quickly absorbed into the plasma and is metabolized to ENL in healthy postmenopausal women. Clinically, the data demonstrate a statistically significant improvement in hot flash frequency. Doses up to 72 mg/d HMRlignan for 8 weeks were safe and well tolerated in this population.
authors.affiliation: a Medicus Research , Northridge , California.
authors.forename: Jay K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Udani
authors.forename: Donald J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Maria Olivia C
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hardy
mesh_terms: D015107:4-Butyrolactone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D000368:Aged; D001682:Biological Availability; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D019584:Hot Flashes / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D017705:Lignans / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D009664:Norway; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects*; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D017705:Lignans; C419306:hydroxymatairesinol; D015107:4-Butyrolactone; C029497:2,3-bis(3'-hydroxybenzyl)butyrolactone