title: Increased expression of cytokines, soluble cytokine receptors, soluble apoptosis ligand and apoptosis in dengue.
abstract: Several studies have been performed to determine biomarkers that define the risk factors to developing severe forms of dengue. In this study, the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1, IL-17, soluble interleukin-1 receptor like 1 protein (sST2), soluble TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (sTRAIL), IL-12 and soluble receptors for TNF (sTNF-RI and sTNF-RII) were determined by ELISA in dengue patients and monocyte/macrophage cultures. Dengue was classified as dengue without warning symptoms (DNWS), with warning symptoms (DWWS) and severe dengue (SD). High values of IL-6, sTNFRI, sTNFRII and sST2 were observed in DWWS and/or SD and IL-12 and sTRAIL in DNWS. TNF-α and IL-17 were increased not associated to the disease severity. High production of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-12, IL-17, sST2 and sTRAIL and apoptosis expression were observed in dengue monocyte/macrophage cultures. This study shows that beneficial or deleterious biomarkers can be present in dengue regardless the disease severity and that monocytes may be in part the source of studied molecules.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela de Bioanálisis, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia, Venezuela. Electronic address: julia_arias@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Arias
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas "Dr. Américo Negrette", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia, Apartado Postal 23, Maracaibo 4001-A, Zulia, Venezuela. Electronic address: valero.nereida@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Nereida
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Valero
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas "Dr. Américo Negrette", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia, Apartado Postal 23, Maracaibo 4001-A, Zulia, Venezuela. Electronic address: mosquera99ve@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mosquera
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela de Bioanálisis, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia, Venezuela. Electronic address: milagrosmonti50@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Milagros
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Montiel
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Enfermedades del Sistema Inmune y Oncológicas, Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: eduardo.reyes@uah.es.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Reyes
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas "Dr. Américo Negrette", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia, Apartado Postal 23, Maracaibo 4001-A, Zulia, Venezuela. Electronic address: yraimalarreal@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Yraima
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Larreal
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Enfermedades del Sistema Inmune y Oncológicas, Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: mademons@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Melchor
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alvarez-Mon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017209:Apoptosis; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D003715:Dengue / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000821:virology; D003716:Dengue Virus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D018121:Receptors, Cytokine / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D015854:Up-Regulation; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D018121:Receptors, Cytokine; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand
keywords: Apoptosis; Cytokines; Dengue; Disease severity; Monocytes