title: Level of agreement between self-rated and clinician-rated instruments when measuring major depressive disorder in the Thai elderly: a 1-year assessment as part of the THAISAD study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Whether self-reporting and clinician-rated depression scales correlate well with one another when applied to older adults has not been well studied, particularly among Asian samples. This study aimed to compare the level of agreement among measurements used in assessing major depressive disorder (MDD) among the Thai elderly and the factors associated with the differences found.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective, follow-up study of elderly patients diagnosed with MDD and receiving treatment in Thailand. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Inventory (MINI), 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17), 30-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-30), 32-item Inventory of Interpersonal Problems scale, Revised Experience of Close Relationships scale, ten-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support were used. Follow-up assessments were conducted after 3, 6, 9, and 12 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 74 patients, the mean age was 68±6.02 years, and 86% had MDD. Regarding the level of agreement found between GDS-30 and MINI, Kappa ranged between 0.17 and 0.55, while for Gwet's AC1 the range was 0.49 to 0.91. The level of agreement was found to be lowest at baseline, and increased during follow-up visits. The correlation between HAMD-17 and GDS-30 scores was 0.17 (P=0.16) at baseline, then 0.36 to 0.41 in later visits (P<0.01). The PSS-10 score was found to be positively correlated with GDS-30 at baseline, and predicted the level of disagreement found between the clinicians and patients when reporting on MDD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The level of agreement between the GDS, MINI, and HAMD was found to be different at baseline when compared to later assessments. Patients who produced a low GDS score were given a high rating by the clinicians. An additional self-reporting tool such as the PSS-10 could, therefore, be used in such under-reporting circumstances.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Kingdom of Thailand.
authors.forename: Nahathai
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wongpakaran
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Kingdom of Thailand.
authors.forename: Tinakon
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wongpakaran
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Kingdom of Thailand.
authors.forename: Kamonporn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wannarit
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Kingdom of Thailand.
authors.forename: Nattha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Saisavoey
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Kingdom of Thailand.
authors.forename: Manee
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pinyopornpanish
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Kingdom of Thailand.
authors.forename: Peeraphon
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lueboonthavatchai
authors.affiliation: Trang Hospital, Trang, Kingdom of Thailand.
authors.forename: Nattaporn
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Apisiridej
authors.affiliation: Lampang Hospital, Lampang, Kingdom of Thailand.
authors.forename: Thawanrat
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Srichan
authors.affiliation: Lampang Hospital, Lampang, Kingdom of Thailand.
authors.forename: Ruk
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ruktrakul
authors.affiliation: Khon Kaen Hospital, Khon Kaen, Kingdom of Thailand.
authors.forename: Sirina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Satthapisit
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Kingdom of Thailand.
authors.forename: Daochompu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nakawiro
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Kingdom of Thailand.
authors.forename: Thanita
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hiranyatheb
authors.affiliation: Phramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok, Kingdom of Thailand.
authors.forename: Anakevich
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Temboonkiat
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine Naresuan University, Pitsanulok, Kingdom of Thailand.
authors.forename: Namtip
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tubtimtong
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine Naresuan University, Pitsanulok, Kingdom of Thailand.
authors.forename: Sukanya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rakkhajeekul
authors.affiliation: Srisangwal Hospital, Mae Hong Son, Kingdom of Thailand.
authors.forename: Boonsanong
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wongtanoi
authors.affiliation: Queen Savang Vadhana Memorial Hospital, Chonburi, Kingdom of Thailand.
authors.forename: Sitthinant
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanchakvaranont
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Kingdom of Thailand.
authors.forename: Putipong
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bookkamana
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Kingdom of Thailand.
authors.forename: Usaree
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Srisutasanavong
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Kingdom of Thailand.
authors.forename: Raviwan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nivataphand
authors.affiliation: Trang Hospital, Trang, Kingdom of Thailand.
authors.forename: Donruedee
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Petchsuwan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged / Q000523:psychology; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000592:standards; D012647:Self-Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013785:Thailand
keywords: correlation; late-life depression; measurement