title: Weighted vowel prototypes in Finnish and German.
abstract: This study explores the perceptual vowel space of the Finnish and German languages, which have a similar vowel system with eight vowels, /ɑ/ /e/ /i/ /o/ /u/ /y/ /æ∼ε/ /ø/. Three different prototypicality measures are used for describing the internal structuring of the vowel categories in terms of the F1 and F2 formant frequencies: The arithmetic mean (centroid) of the F1-F2 space of the category (Pc), the absolute prototype of the category (Pa), and the weighted prototype of the category (Pω), in which the stimulus formant values are weighted by their goodness rating values. The study gave the following main results: (1) in both languages, the inter-subject differences were the smallest in Pω, and on the order of Difference Limen (DL) of F1-F2 frequencies for all of the three measures, (2) the Pa and Pω differed significantly from the centroid, with the absolute prototypes being the most peripheric, (3) the vowel systems of the two languages were similar (Euclidean distances in Pω of Finnish and German 7-34 mels) although minor differences were found in /e/, / ø/, and /u/, and (4) the mean difference of the prototypes from some earlier published production data was 100-150 mels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Information Technology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Janne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Savela
authors.affiliation: Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Tampere University of Technology, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Osmo
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Eerola
authors.affiliation: Institution of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Olli
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Aaltonen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010700:Phonetics; D013061:Speech Acoustics; D013067:Speech Perception; D013068:Speech Production Measurement; D013997:Time Factors; D014833:Voice Quality