title: Relationship between chemokines and dendritic cells in human chronic periodontitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between chemokines and dendritic cells (DCs) in human chronic periodontitis (CP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Gingival samples were obtained from 23 individuals with CP, and six samples of normal mucosa (NM) overlapping the third molar were used to control for the chemokine levels. Periodontal examination was conducted. Immunohistochemistry was performed for Factor XIIIa(+) and cluster of differentiation (CD)1a(+) immature DCs and CD83(+) mature DCs. Levels of the CC chemokine ligand (CCL)2, CCL3, CCL5, CCL19, CCL20, and CXC chemokine ligand (CXCL)8 were measured in gingival tissues using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Inflammatory infiltrate, DCs, chemokines, classification of human CP, and clinical parameters were correlated and compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The expression of CCL2 and CCL20 was positively correlated with increased densities of CD1a(+) DCs. CCL3 and CXCL8 were positively related to the clinical attachment level. CCL3, CCL5, CCL19, and CXCL8 levels increased in the gingival samples of patients with CP compared with NM, whereas CCL20 levels increased in advanced CP compared with mild-moderate CP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  More CD1a(+) immature DCs are related to CCL2 and CCL20. CCL3 and CXCL8 chemokines are related to a greater severity of human CP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Giovanna Ribeiro
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Souto
authors.forename: Celso Martins
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Queiroz
authors.forename: Fernando Oliveira
authors.initials: FO
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: Ricardo Alves
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Mesquita
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000276:immunology; D018949:Antigens, CD1 / Q000276:immunology; D002452:Cell Count; D054415:Chemokine CCL19 / Q000276:immunology; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000276:immunology; D054418:Chemokine CCL20 / Q000276:immunology; D054405:Chemokine CCL3 / Q000276:immunology; D018946:Chemokine CCL5 / Q000276:immunology; D019742:Chemokines, CC / Q000276:immunology*; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D026122:Factor XIIIa / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005881:Gingiva / Q000276:immunology; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000276:immunology; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000276:immunology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000276:immunology; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000276:immunology; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000276:immunology; D055815:Young Adult; D000097802:CD83 Antigen
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D018949:Antigens, CD1; D054415:Chemokine CCL19; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D054418:Chemokine CCL20; D054405:Chemokine CCL3; D018946:Chemokine CCL5; D019742:Chemokines, CC; D026122:Factor XIIIa; D007136:Immunoglobulins; D016209:Interleukin-8; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D000097802:CD83 Antigen; C515460:CCL19 protein, human; C111835:CCL2 protein, human; C108355:CCL20 protein, human; C515429:CCL3 protein, human; C483024:CCL5 protein, human; C419393:CD1a antigen; C508606:CXCL8 protein, human
keywords: Chemokines; dendritic cells; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; immunohistochemistry; inflammation; periodontitis