title: Economic burden of urge urinary incontinence in the workplace.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Quantify incremental employee medical, pharmacy, sick leave, short- and long-term disability, and workers' compensation costs, absence days, and turnover associated with urge urinary incontinence (UUI) in employees.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective 2001-2011 database comparison of employees with UUI versus those without UUI (controls) included employees aged 18.5 to 64.0 years at index, with 6-month preindex and 12-month postindex health plan enrollment. Logistic and generalized linear models measured postindex costs, absences, and turnover.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study included 1448 employees with UUI and 337,796 controls. Employees with UUI had statistically significantly higher medical (131% higher), pharmacy (52%), sick leave (30%), and short-term disability (74%) costs and more sick leave (22%) and short-term disability (99%) days than controls (all P < 0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Employees with UUI had 117% greater medical and pharmacy costs, 47% greater total absence costs, and 63% more absence days than employees without UUI.
authors.affiliation: From HCMS Group LLC (Dr Kleinman and Ms Atkinson), Cheyenne, Wyo; and Pfizer Inc (Ms Chen and Drs Odell and Zou), New York, NY.
authors.forename: Nathan L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Kleinman
authors.forename: Chieh-I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Atkinson
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Odell
authors.forename: Kelly H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Zou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016527:Drug Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017049:Employer Health Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018868:Insurance, Disability / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010563:Personnel Turnover / Q000191:economics; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018582:Sick Leave / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D053202:Urinary Incontinence, Urge / Q000191:economics*; D014942:Workers' Compensation / Q000191:economics; D017132:Workplace / Q000191:economics*