title: SEM evaluation of human gingival fibroblasts growth onto CAD/CAM zirconia and veneering ceramic for zirconia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the growth of Human Gingival Fibroblasts (HGFs) cultured onto sample discs of CAD/CAM zirconia and veneering ceramic for zirconia by means of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis at different experimental times.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 26 experimental discs, divided into 2 groups, were used: Group A) CAD/CAM zirconia (3Y-TZP) discs (n=13); Group B) veneering ceramic for zirconia discs (n=13). HGFs were obtained from human gingival biopsies, isolated and placed in culture plates. Subsequently, cells were seeded on experimental discs at 7,5×10(3)/cm(2) concentration and cultured for a total of 7 days. Discs were processed for SEM observation at 3h, 24h, 72h and 7 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In Group A, after 3h, HGFs were adherent to the surface and showed a flattened profile. The disc surface covered by HGFs resulted to be wider in Group A than in Group B samples. At SEM observation, after 24h and 72h, differences in cell attachment were slightly noticeable between the groups, with an evident flattening of HGFs on both surfaces. All differences between Group A and group B became less significant after 7 days of culture in vitro.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SEM analysis of HGFs showed differences in terms of cell adhesion and proliferation, especially in the early hours of culture. Results showed a better adhesion and cell growth in Group A than in Group B, especially up to 72h in vitro. Differences decreased after 7 days, probably because of the rougher surface of CAD/CAM zirconia, promoting better cell adhesion, compared to the smoother surface of veneering ceramic.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy.
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Zizzari
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, "Federico II" University of Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Bruna
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Borelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy.
authors.forename: Marianna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Colli
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy.
authors.forename: Margherita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tumedei
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy.
authors.forename: Donato
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Di Iorio
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy.
authors.forename: Susi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zara
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, "Federico II" University of Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sorrentino
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy.
authors.forename: Amelia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cataldi
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, "Vita Salute S. Raffaele" University, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Enrico Felice
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Gherlone
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, "Federico II" University of Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zarone
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tetè
keywords: CAD/CAM zirconia; ceramic cell attachment; human gingival fibroblasts; scanning electron microscope; veneering ceramic; zirconia cell attachment