title: The effect of amyloid pathology and glucose metabolism on cortical volume loss over time in Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present multimodal neuroimaging study examined whether amyloid pathology and glucose metabolism are related to cortical volume loss over time in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and healthy elderly controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Structural MRI scans of eleven AD patients and ten controls were available at baseline and follow-up (mean interval 2.5 years). Change in brain structure over time was defined as percent change of cortical volume within seven a-priori defined regions that typically show the strongest structural loss in AD. In addition, two PET scans were performed at baseline: [(11)C]PIB to assess amyloid-β plaque load and [(18)F]FDG to assess glucose metabolism. [(11)C]PIB binding and [(18)F]FDG uptake were measured in the precuneus, a region in which both amyloid deposition and glucose hypometabolism occur early in the course of AD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  While amyloid-β plaque load at baseline was not related to cortical volume loss over time in either group, glucose metabolism within the group of AD patients was significantly related to volume loss over time (rho = 0.56, p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study shows that in a group of AD patients amyloid-β plaque load as measured by [(11)C]PIB behaves as a trait marker (i.e., all AD patients showed elevated levels of amyloid, not related to subsequent disease course), whilst hypometabolism as measured by [(18)F]FDG changed over time indicating that it could serve as a state marker that is predictive of neurodegeneration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, s.adriaanse@vumc.nl.
authors.forename: Sofie M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Adriaanse
authors.forename: Koene R A
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: van Dijk
authors.forename: Rik
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ossenkoppele
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reuter
authors.forename: Nelleke
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tolboom
authors.forename: Marissa D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Zwan
authors.forename: Maqsood
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yaqub
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Boellaard
authors.forename: Albert D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Windhorst
authors.forename: Wiesje M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: van der Flier
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Scheltens
authors.forename: Adriaan A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Lammertsma
authors.forename: Frederik
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Barkhof
authors.forename: Bart N M
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: van Berckel
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D000814:Aniline Compounds; D052160:Benzothiazoles / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D058225:Plaque, Amyloid / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D013844:Thiazoles
chemical_list: C475519:2-(4'-(methylamino)phenyl)-6-hydroxybenzothiazole; D000814:Aniline Compounds; D052160:Benzothiazoles; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D013844:Thiazoles; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D005947:Glucose