title: Protective effect of hesperetin and naringenin against apoptosis in ischemia/reperfusion-induced retinal injury in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hesperetin and naringenin are naturally common flavonoids reported to have antioxidative effects. This study was performed to investigate whether either hesperetin or naringenin has a protective effect against apoptosis on retinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retinal I/R was induced by increasing the intraocular pressure to 150 mmHg for 60 minutes. Thirty-three male Wistar albino rats were randomised into 5 groups named control, I/R + sham, I/R + solvent (DMSO), I/R + hesperetin, and I/R + naringenin. Animals were given either hesperetin, naringenin, or the solvent intraperitoneally immediately following reperfusion. Thickness of retinal layers and retinal cell apoptosis were detected by histological analysis, tunel assay, and immunohistochemistry assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hesperetin and naringenin attenuated the I/R-induced apoptosis of retinal cells in the inner and outer nuclear cells of the rat retina. Retinal layer thickness of the naringenin treatment group was significantly thicker than that of the hesperetin, sham, and solvent groups (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hesperetin and naringenin can prevent harmful effects induced by I/R injury in the rat retina by inhibiting apoptosis of retinal cells, which suggests that those flavanones have a therapeutic potential for the protection of ocular ischemic diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Medicine, 17060 Canakkale, Turkey.
authors.forename: Selcuk
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kara
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Medicine, 17060 Canakkale, Turkey.
authors.forename: Baran
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gencer
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, Trakya University, Faculty of Medicine, 22030 Edirne, Turkey.
authors.forename: Turan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Karaca
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Medicine, 17060 Canakkale, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hasan Ali
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Tufan
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Medicine, 17060 Canakkale, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sedat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arikan
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Medicine, 17060 Canakkale, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ismail
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ersan
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, Trakya University, Faculty of Medicine, 22030 Edirne, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ihsan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Karaboga
authors.affiliation: Deparment of Anesthesiology, Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine, 35100 Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Volkan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hanci
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D044950:Flavanones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006569:Hesperidin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012160:Retina / Q000293:injuries*
chemical_list: D044950:Flavanones; D006569:Hesperidin; C005273:naringenin; C013015:hesperetin