title: Development of the ubiquitous spaced retrieval-based memory advancement and rehabilitation training program.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Ubiquitous Spaced Retrieval-based Memory Advancement and Rehabilitation Training (USMART) program was developed by transforming the spaced retrieval-based memory training which consisted of 24 face-to-face sessions into a self-administered program with an iPAD app. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of USMART in elderly subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Feasibility was evaluated by checking the satisfaction of the participants with a 5-point Likert scale. The efficacy of the program on cognitive functions was evaluated by the Korean version of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Neuropsychological Assessment Battery before and after USMART.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 10 participants, 7 completed both pre- and post-USMART assessments. The overall satisfaction score was 8.0±1.0 out of 10. The mean Word List Memory Test (WLMT) scores significantly increased after USMART training after adjusting for age, educational levels, baseline Mini-Mental Status Examination scores, and the number of training sessions (pre-USMART, 16.0±4.1; post-USMART, 17.9±4.5; p=0.014, RM-ANOVA). The magnitude of the improvements in the WLMT scores significantly correlated with the number of training sessions during 4 weeks (r=0.793; p=0.033).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  USMART was effective in improving memory and was well tolerated by most participants with MCI, suggesting that it may be a convenient and cost-effective alternative for the cognitive rehabilitation of elderly subjects with cognitive impairments. Further studies with large numbers of participants are necessary to examine the relationship between the number of training sessions and the improvements in memory function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyusoo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Center for Medical Informatics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sooyoung
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.affiliation: Center for Medical Informatics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eunhye
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Technology Development Office, Advanced Institute of Technology, KT R&D Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ki-Hwan
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: Technology Development Office, Advanced Institute of Technology, KT R&D Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yeon-Joo
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Son
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Tae Hui
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yeon Kyung
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea. ; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. ; Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ki Woong
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Kim
keywords: Cognitive therapy; Computer user training; Dementia; Memory; Mild cognitive impairment; Rehabilitation