title: Effects of HIV-1 tat on secretion of TNF-α and IL-1β by U87 cells in AIDS patients with or without AIDS dementia complex.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the role of HIV-1 tat gene variations in AIDS dementia complex (ADC) pathogenesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  HIV-1 tat genes derived from peripheral spleen and central basal ganglia of an AIDS patient with ADC and an AIDS patient without ADC were cloned for sequence analysis. HIV-1 tat gene sequence alignment was performed by using CLUSTAL W and the phylogentic analysis was conducted by using Neighbor-joining with MEGA4 software. All tat genes were used to construct recombinant retroviral expressing vector MSCV-IRES-GFP/tat. The MSCV-IRES-GFP/tat was cotransfected into 293T cells with pCMV-VSV-G and pUMVC vectors to assemble the recombinant retrovirus. After infection of gliomas U87 cells with equal amount of the recombinant retrovirus, TNF-α, and IL-1β concentrations in the supernatant of U87 cells were determined with ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HIV-1 tat genes derived from peripheral spleen and central basal ganglia of the AIDS patient with ADC and the other one without ADC exhibited genetic variations. Tat variations and amino acid mutation sites existed mainly at Tat protein core functional area (38-47aa). All Tat proteins could induce U87 cells to produce TNF-α and IL-1β, but the level of IL-1β production was different among Tat proteins derived from the ADC patient's spleen, basal ganglia, and the non-ADC patient's spleen. The level of Tat proteins derived from the ADC patient's spleen, basal ganglia, and the non-ADC patient's spleen were obviously higher than that from the non-ADC patient's basal ganglia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tat protein core functional area (38-47aa) may serve as the key area of enhancing the secretion of IL-1β. This may be related with the neurotoxicity of HIV-1 Tat.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Microbiology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Traditional Chinese Medicine University, Jinan 250011, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Shuang Shuang
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Pu
authors.affiliation: Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Wen Hua
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Microbiology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Yuan Yuan
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Microbiology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Hong Ling
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Microbiology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Zhi Yu
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Microbiology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Yan Yan
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Microbiology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-0609, USA.
authors.forename: Xue Jie
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D015526:AIDS Dementia Complex / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D000328:Adult; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000821:virology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; D015756:Genes, tat; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D013154:Spleen / Q000821:virology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D054322:tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D054322:tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
keywords: AIDS dementia complex; Cytokines; HIV-1 tat gene; IL-1β; Neurotoxicity; TNF-α