title: The effects of multiple mild traumatic brain injuries on acute injury presentation and neuropsychological recovery in children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although research focused on mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) has proliferated in recent years, few studies have examined the significance of a previous history of mTBI in children.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the acute injury presentation and neuropsychological recovery in a pediatric sample after mTBI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants 8 to 16 years of age were divided into 4 groups: no previous injury history, history of 1 mTBI, history of 2 mTBIs, and history of ≥ 3 mTBIs. Participants were evaluated within 3 months of the most recent injury by clinical interview and an abbreviated neuropsychological test battery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After the index mTBI, the groups did not differ in their likelihood to display a loss of consciousness, nor did they differ on neuropsychological test performance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, contrary to our hypotheses, we found no demonstrable difference between those children with a self-reported mTBI history and those without after an index mTBI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.
authors.forename: Amy K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Connery
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kirk
authors.forename: Michael W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Kirkwood
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D020127:Recovery of Function; D057566:Self Report