title: Determinants of exercise peak arterial blood pressure, circulatory power, and exercise cardiac power in a population based sample of Finnish male and female aged 30 to 47 years: the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Novel parameters derived from peak maximal oxygen uptake (VO2) and exercise arterial blood pressure, such as peak circulatory power (CP) and exercise cardiac power (ECP), can be used in the risk assessment of cardiovascular disease and stroke. However, the determinants of these factors are poorly characterized in the general population.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed peak arterial blood pressure, CP and ECP with standardized cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) on 281 female and 257 male participants of the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. The subjects were aged 30-47 years. Peak VO2 as well as systolic and diastolic arterial blood pressures were measured to calculate peak mean arterial pressure, CP and ECP. These parameters were assessed for correlation with sex, age, height, weight, waist-to-hip ratio, smoking, physical activity index (PAI), fasting insulin and glucose levels as well as the use of antihypertensive treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sex, age and weight explained 36% of the variation in peak systolic blood pressure, and these factors in combination with height and the use of antihypertensive treatment explained 13% of the variation in peak diastolic blood pressure. Sex, height, weight, waist-to-hip ratio, PAI and smoking explained 49% - 52% of the variation in peak CP. Sex, age, height, weight, waist-to-hip ratio, PAI, smoking and insulin levels explained 21% - 49% of variation in ECP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Subject demographics and lifestyle-related factors should be taken into account when exercise blood pressure response, CP and ECP are used to evaluate patients' cardiac function in CPET.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland. janne.hulkkonen@fimlab.fi.
authors.forename: Janne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hulkkonen
authors.forename: Heikki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aatola
authors.forename: Kristiina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pälve
authors.forename: Terho
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lehtimäki
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hutri-Kähönen
authors.forename: Jorma Sa
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Viikari
authors.forename: Olli T
authors.initials: OT
authors.lastname: Raitakari
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kähönen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D062186:Arterial Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D001827:Body Height; D001835:Body Weight; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015444:Exercise; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013599:Systole
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents