title: Kiss-1/GPR54 protein expression in breast cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Numerous studies have shown that the Kiss-1 gene countervails the metastatic aptitude of several cancer cell lines and solid-tumor neoplasias. However, there still remains ambiguity regarding its role in breast cancer and literature has arisen asserting that Kiss-1 expression may be linked to an aggressive phenotype and malignant progression. Herein, we investigated the protein expression of Kiss-1 and its receptor GPR54 in breast cancer tissues compared to non-cancerous mammary tissues.
  
  
  METHODS
  Paraffin-fixed cancer tissues from 43 women with resected breast adenocarcinomas and 11 specimens derived from women suffering from fibrocystic disease, serving as controls, were immunostained with Kiss-1 and GPR54 antibodies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Kiss-1 and GPR54 protein expression levels were significantly higher in breast cancer compared to fibrocystic tissues (p<0.05). No significant correlation was established between Kiss-1 or GRP54 expression and tumor grade, tumor size, lymph node positivity, histological type or ER status. Kiss-1 expression significantly and positively correlated with GPR54 expression in both breast cancer and fibrocystic disease specimens.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Kiss-1/GPR54 expression was found to be significantly higher in breast cancer compared to non-malignant mammary tissues.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Micras Asias, Goudi, Athens, 115 27, Greece. mkoutsil@med.uoa.gr.
authors.forename: Eleni
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Papaoiconomou
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lymperi
authors.forename: Constantina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Petraki
authors.forename: Anastassios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Philippou
authors.forename: Pavlos
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Msaouel
authors.forename: Fani
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Michalopoulou
authors.forename: Georgia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kafiri
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vassilakos
authors.forename: Georgios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zografos
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koutsilieris
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D001940:Breast / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018275:Carcinoma, Lobular / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D059648:Kisspeptins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000378:metabolism*; D000074502:Receptors, Kisspeptin-1
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C106628:KISS1 protein, human; C118688:KISS1R protein, human; D059648:Kisspeptins; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D000074502:Receptors, Kisspeptin-1
keywords: AXOR12; GPCRs; GPR54; Kiss-1; breast cancer