title: DFT study on the mechanisms and stereoselectivities of the [4 + 2] cycloadditions of enals and chalcones catalyzed by N-heterocyclic carbene.
abstract: The possible reaction mechanisms of stereoselective [4 + 2] cycloaddition of enals and chalcones catalyzed by N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) have been investigated using density functional theory (DFT). The calculated results indicate that the most favorable reaction channel occurs through five steps. The first step is the nucleophilic attack on the enal by NHC. Then, there are two consecutive acid (AcOH)-assisted proton-transfer steps. Subsequently, the fourth step is the [4 + 2] cycloaddition process associated with the formation of two chiral centers, followed by dissociation of NHC and product. Our computational results demonstrate that the [4 + 2] cycloaddition is the rate-determining and stereoselectivity-determining step. The energy barrier for the SS configurational channel (17.62 kcal/mol) is the lowest one, indicating the SS configurational product should be the main product, which is in agreement with experiment. Moreover, the role of NHC catalyst in the [4 + 2] cycloaddition of enal and chalcone was explored by the analysis of global reactivity indexes. This work should be helpful for realizing the significant roles of catalyst NHC and the additive AcOH and thus provide valuable insights on the rational design of potential catalyst for this kind of reactions.
authors.affiliation: The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Center of Computational Chemistry, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450001, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Zhenyu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Donghui
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yanyan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Mingsheng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D000447:Aldehydes / Q000737:chemistry*; D002384:Catalysis; D047188:Chalcones / Q000737:chemistry*; D061565:Cycloaddition Reaction; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D008697:Methane / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D015394:Molecular Structure; D011789:Quantum Theory; D013237:Stereoisomerism
chemical_list: D000447:Aldehydes; D047188:Chalcones; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds; C030011:carbene; D008697:Methane