title: Dietary antioxidant and anti-inflammatory intake modifies the effect of cadmium exposure on markers of systemic inflammation and oxidative stress.
abstract: Chronic cadmium exposure may cause disease through induction of systemic oxidative stress and inflammation. Factors that mitigate cadmium toxicity and could serve as interventions in exposed populations have not been well characterized. We used data from the 2003-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to quantify diet׳s role in modifying associations between cadmium exposure and oxidative stress and inflammation. We created a composite antioxidant and anti-inflammatory diet score (ADS) by ranking participants by quintile of intake across a panel of 19 nutrients. We identified associations and effect modification between ADS, urinary cadmium, and markers of oxidative stress and inflammation by multiple linear regression. An interquartile range increase in urinary cadmium was associated with a 47.5%, 8.8%, and 3.7% increase in C-reactive protein (CRP), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), respectively. An interquartile range increase in ADS was associated with an 7.4%, 3.3%, 5.2%, and 2.5% decrease in CRP, GGT, ALP, and total white blood cell count respectively, and a 3.0% increase in serum bilirubin. ADS significantly attenuated the association between cadmium exposure, CRP and ALP. Dietary interventions may provide a route to reduce the impact of cadmium toxicity on the population level.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 6630 SPH Tower, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
authors.forename: Justin A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Colacino
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 6630 SPH Tower, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
authors.forename: Anna E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Arthur
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 6630 SPH Tower, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
authors.forename: Kelly K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Ferguson
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 6630 SPH Tower, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. Electronic address: rozekl@umich.edu.
authors.forename: Laura S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Rozek
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002104:Cadmium / Q000633:toxicity* / Q000652:urine; D002105:Cadmium Poisoning / Q000517:prevention & control; D002648:Child; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D002104:Cadmium
keywords: Antioxidant; Cadmium; Diet; Inflammation; Oxidative stress; Toxicant–nutrient interaction