title: The effect of calcium channel blockers on the outcome of acute myeloid leukemia.
abstract: The effect of calcium channel blockers (CCBs), beta blockers and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) on the prognosis of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is largely unknown. We collected data on the use of these medications in 1043 patients with AML, excluding promyelocytic leukemia, diagnosed and treated at M. D. Anderson Cancer Center between 2000 and 2012. Treatment with either amlodipine or diltiazem predicted a worse overall survival (hazard ratio [HR] 1.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.22-2.06, p < 0.0001). There was no difference in survival depending on whether patients were taking beta blockers, ACE inhibitors or ARBs. The effect of CCBs on survival was independent from the National Comprehensive Cancer Network risk classification, age, performance status, response to treatment, year of diagnosis and CD34 levels, assessed by flow cytometry (HR 1.39, 95% CI 1.05-1.80, p = 0.02). Treatment with either amlodipine or diltiazem predicts worse survival in patients with AML independent of known prognostic factors.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Medical Center , TX , USA.
authors.forename: Young Kwang
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Chae
authors.forename: Anastasios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dimou
authors.forename: Sherry
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pierce
authors.forename: Hagop
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kantarjian
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Andreeff
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers
keywords: Acute myeloid leukemia; amlodipine; angiotensin receptor blockers; angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; beta blockers; calcium channel blockers; diltiazem