title: A successful treatment of buprenorphine withdrawal with the dopamine receptor agonist pramipexole.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Buprenorphine, used for treating opioid dependence, may have a withdrawal syndrome requiring treatment. Modulation of the dopamine system, which has been implicated in opioid withdrawal, may be a target for withdrawal for opioids such as buprenorphine.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case is reported of a buprenorphine withdrawal syndrome with predominant symptoms of restlessness that were resistant to clonidine and benzodiazepines. It was successfully treated with the dopamine agonist pramipexole.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dopamine receptor agonists may have a place in the treatment of restlessness associated with opioid withdrawal and may have value for the broader spectrum of opioid withdrawal symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Department of Psychiatry, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Makhinson
authors.forename: Juliana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gomez-Makhinson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017109:Akathisia, Drug-Induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D052160:Benzothiazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002047:Buprenorphine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018491:Dopamine Agonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D000077487:Pramipexole; D011595:Psychomotor Agitation / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D052160:Benzothiazoles; D018491:Dopamine Agonists; D002047:Buprenorphine; D000077487:Pramipexole