title: The role of xerostomia in burning mouth syndrome: a case-control study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the efficacy of anti-xerostomic topical medication (urea 10%) in patients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-eight subjects diagnosed with BMS according to the International Association for the Study of Pain guidelines were randomized to either placebo (5% sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 0.15% methyl paraben, and 10% glycerol in distilled water qsp 100 g) or treatment (urea 10%) to be applied to the oral cavity 3-4 times per day for 3 months. The patients were evaluated before and after treatment with the following instruments: the EDOF-HC protocol (Orofacial Pain Clinic - Hospital das Clínicas), a xerostomia questionnaire, and quantitative sensory testing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no differences in salivary flow or gustative, olfactory, or sensory thresholds (P>0.05). Fifteen (60%) patients reported improvement with the treatments (P=0.336).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, there were no differences between groups, and both exhibited an association between reported improvement and salivation.
authors.affiliation: Departmento de Neurologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao PauloSP, Brazil, Postgraduation Student, Departmento de Neurologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo SP, Brazil;
authors.forename: Luciana Alvarenga da
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Dentistry Division, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao PauloSP, Brazil, PhD, DDS, Head of the Orofacial Pain Team, Dentistry Division, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo SP, Brazil;
authors.forename: José Tadeu Tesseroli de
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Siqueira
authors.affiliation: Departmento de Neurologia, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao PauloSP, Brazil, PhD, MD, Full Professor, Interdisciplinary Pain Center, Hospital das Clinicas and Departmento de Neurologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo SP, Brazil;
authors.forename: Manoel Jacobsen
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.affiliation: Departmento de Neurologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao PauloSP, Brazil, PhD, DDS, Associate Professor, Departmento de Neurologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Silvia Regina Dowgan Tesseroli de
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Siqueira
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000639:Amitriptyline / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002054:Burning Mouth Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012472:Salivation; D012684:Sensory Thresholds; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014508:Urea / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014987:Xerostomia / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D000639:Amitriptyline; D014508:Urea