title: Cortical spreading depression modulates the caudate nucleus activity.
abstract: Cortical spreading depression (CSD) plays an important role in migraine with aura. The caudate nucleus has crucial functional interactions with brain regions likely to be important in migraine. The aim of the present in vitro study was to investigate the effect of CSD on the neuronal activity of the caudate. Intracellular recording was performed in the head of the caudate nucleus alongside of extracellular recording in Wistar rat somatosensory cortex. CSD was induced by local KCl injection. Changes in the membrane potentials of the caudate neurons began 1.2±0.2min after CSD. The neurons of the caudate nucleus depolarized first gradually and slightly then it depolarized abruptly at nearly the same point of time of the recovery of the cortical DC potential. Action potentials (APs) reappeared after the cortical DC shift returned to the baseline. Forty-five minutes after CSD, the caudate neurons showed lower frequency of APs and larger amplitude of depolarization prior to APs. The firing pattern of the caudate neurons evoked by injection of intracellular current pulses changed from slow adapting to fast adapting after CSD. Reduced neuronal activity in the caudate after CSD may be assumed to contribute to pain as well as changes in cognition and behavior in patients with migraine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seghatoleslam
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurochirurgie, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: M Khaleghi
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Ghadiri
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physiology I, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ghaffarian
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physiology I, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: E-J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Speckmann
authors.affiliation: Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Tehran, Iran; Department of Neurology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany; Epilepsy Research Center, University of Münster, Münster, Germany. Electronic address: gorjial@uni-muenster.de.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gorji
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D002421:Caudate Nucleus / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D013181:Cortical Spreading Depression / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000502:physiology; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D011189:Potassium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013003:Somatosensory Cortex / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D011189:Potassium Chloride
keywords: aura; dopamine; inhibition; spreading depolarization; striatum