title: The Hip Lag Sign--prospective blinded trial of a new clinical sign to predict hip abductor damage.
abstract: This study introduces and validates the Hip Lag Sign, a new clinical parameter to determine hip abductor damage, which appears to be one major cause for greater trochanteric pain syndrome. 26 patients who underwent standardized MRI-examination were prospectively enrolledbetween October 2009 and March 2012. A standard physical examination of the hip was performed, including the Hip Lag Sign as it is defined for the first time in this work. Hip Lag Sign results were statistically compared toMR images, to pain levels measured with the visual analogue scale and to results of the modified Harris Hip Score as a universal and well established diagnostic tool for the hip. Chi2- and Mann-Whitney-U-analysis were applied. Diagnostic accuracy was tested with 2×2-table-calculations.Kappa statistics were used to analyze inter-observer variability. A positive Hip Lag Sign is significantly associated with MRI-proven hip abductor damage (p<0.001). The Hip Lag Sign has a sensitivity of 89.47% and a specificity of 96.55%. The positive and negative predictive values are 94.44%, resp. 93.33%. Its diagnostic Odds Ratio is 239.000 (p<0.001; 95%-CI: 20.031-2827.819). The number needed to diagnose was 1.16.Inter-observer consistency was 98.1% and kappa statistics for inter-observer variability were 0.911. The Hip Lag Sign is specific and sensitive, easy and fast to perform and allows a reliable assessment on the hip abductors' status, especially when there is no access to further diagnostic devices such as MRI for example due to restricted resources like in developing countries. Thus, we recommend the inclusion of the Hip Lag Sign into everyday hip examinations, especially dealing with patients suffering from greater trochanteric pain syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland; Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Federal Armed Forces Hospital Westerstede, Westerstede, Germany; Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaltenborn
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Catherine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Bourg
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland; Department of Radiology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gutzeit
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Fabian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kalberer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005269:Femur / Q000503:physiopathology; D006615:Hip / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D055815:Young Adult