title: Intrinsically disordered proteins and intrinsically disordered protein regions.
abstract: Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and IDP regions fail to form a stable structure, yet they exhibit biological activities. Their mobile flexibility and structural instability are encoded by their amino acid sequences. They recognize proteins, nucleic acids, and other types of partners; they accelerate interactions and chemical reactions between bound partners; and they help accommodate posttranslational modifications, alternative splicing, protein fusions, and insertions or deletions. Overall, IDP-associated biological activities complement those of structured proteins. Recently, there has been an explosion of studies on IDP regions and their functions, yet the discovery and investigation of these proteins have a long, mostly ignored history. Along with recent discoveries, we present several early examples and the mechanisms by which IDPs contribute to function, which we hope will encourage comprehensive discussion of IDPs and IDP regions in biochemistry textbooks. Finally, we propose future directions for IDP research.
authors.affiliation: Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202; email: cjoldfie@iupui.edu , kedunker@iupui.edu.
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Oldfield
authors.forename: A Keith
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Dunker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019703:Calcineurin / Q000737:chemistry; D002364:Caseins / Q000737:chemistry; D019295:Computational Biology; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D005337:Fibrin / Q000737:chemistry; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D064267:Intrinsically Disordered Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008958:Models, Molecular; D010774:Phosvitin / Q000737:chemistry; D011485:Protein Binding; D025941:Protein Interaction Mapping; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D012995:Solubility; D014357:Trypsin / Q000737:chemistry; D014362:Trypsinogen / Q000737:chemistry; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D002364:Caseins; D064267:Intrinsically Disordered Proteins; D005337:Fibrin; D005340:Fibrinogen; D014362:Trypsinogen; D010774:Phosvitin; D019703:Calcineurin; D014357:Trypsin
keywords: chameleon; flexible; inherently; malleable; natively; rheomorphic; unfolded; unstructured