title: Adaptation of mycoplasmas to antimicrobial agents: Acholeplasma laidlawii extracellular vesicles mediate the export of ciprofloxacin and a mutant gene related to the antibiotic target.
abstract: This study demonstrated that extracellular membrane vesicles are involved with the development of resistance to fluoroquinolones by mycoplasmas (class Mollicutes). This study assessed the differences in susceptibility to ciprofloxacin among strains of Acholeplasma laidlawii PG8. The mechanisms of mycoplasma resistance to antibiotics may be associated with a mutation in a gene related to the target of quinolones, which could modulate the vesiculation level. A. laidlawii extracellular vesicles mediated the export of the nucleotide sequences of the antibiotic target gene as well as the traffic of ciprofloxacin. These results may facilitate the development of effective approaches to control mycoplasma infections, as well as the contamination of cell cultures and vaccine preparations.
authors.affiliation: Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Scientific Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420111, Russia.
authors.forename: Elena S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Medvedeva
authors.affiliation: Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Scientific Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420111, Russia.
authors.forename: Natalia B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Baranova
authors.affiliation: Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Scientific Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420111, Russia.
authors.forename: Alexey A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Mouzykantov
authors.affiliation: Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Scientific Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420111, Russia.
authors.forename: Tatiana Yu
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Grigorieva
authors.affiliation: Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Scientific Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420111, Russia.
authors.forename: Marina N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Davydova
authors.affiliation: Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Scientific Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420111, Russia ; Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia.
authors.forename: Maxim V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Trushin
authors.affiliation: Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Scientific Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420111, Russia ; Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia.
authors.forename: Olga A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Chernova
authors.affiliation: Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Scientific Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420111, Russia ; Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia.
authors.forename: Vladislav M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Chernov
mesh_terms: D000128:Acholeplasma laidlawii / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001483:Base Sequence; D001692:Biological Transport; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D027101:DNA Topoisomerase IV / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D027101:DNA Topoisomerase IV