title: The coat protein of Alternanthera mosaic virus is the elicitor of a temperature-sensitive systemic necrosis in Nicotiana benthamiana, and interacts with a host boron transporter protein.
abstract: Different isolates of Alternanthera mosaic virus (AltMV; Potexvirus), including four infectious clones derived from AltMV-SP, induce distinct systemic symptoms in Nicotiana benthamiana. Virus accumulation was enhanced at 15 °C compared to 25 °C; severe clone AltMV 3-7 induced systemic necrosis (SN) and plant death at 15 °C. No interaction with potexvirus resistance gene Rx was detected, although SN was ablated by silencing of SGT1, as for other cases of potexvirus-induced necrosis. Substitution of AltMV 3-7 coat protein (CPSP) with that from AltMV-Po (CP(Po)) eliminated SN at 15 °C, and ameliorated symptoms in Alternanthera dentata and soybean. Substitution of only two residues from CP(Po) [either MN(13,14)ID or LA(76,77)IS] efficiently ablated SN in N. benthamiana. CPSP but not CP(Po) interacted with Arabidopsis boron transporter protein AtBOR1 by yeast two-hybrid assay; N. benthamiana homolog NbBOR1 interacted more strongly with CPSP than CP(Po) in bimolecular fluorescence complementation, and may affect recognition of CP as an elicitor of SN.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: hyounlim@cnu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Hyoun-Sub
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: jilyoon@naver.com.
authors.forename: Jiryun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: sey22@cnu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Eun-Young
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: moonlit51@cnu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Moon
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.affiliation: Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, US National Arboretum, USDA-ARS, 10300 Baltimore Avenue B-010A, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; Istituto di Virologia Vegetale, CNR, Strada delle Cacce 73, Torino 10135, Italy. Electronic address: a.vaira@ivv.cnr.it.
authors.forename: Anna Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Vaira
authors.affiliation: School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Geongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: hanhongbae@ynu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Hanhong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: sunbispirit@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Chan-Yong
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seokyoung University, Seoul 136-704, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: chlee1219@hanmail.net.
authors.forename: Cheol Ho
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: hgkim@cnu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Hong Gi
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, US National Arboretum, USDA-ARS, 10300 Baltimore Avenue B-010A, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; Laboratory of Floriculture and Plant Physiology, School of Bio-Resource Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: marksroh@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roh
authors.affiliation: Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, US National Arboretum, USDA-ARS, 10300 Baltimore Avenue B-010A, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. Electronic address: john.hammond@ars.usda.gov.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hammond
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D017920:Antiporters / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020868:Gene Silencing; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009336:Necrosis; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000821:virology*; D017863:Potexvirus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D013696:Temperature; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D017920:Antiporters; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; C469216:BOR1 protein, Arabidopsis; D036022:Capsid Proteins
keywords: Alternanthera mosaic virus; Boron transporter; Coat protein; Host–pathogen interaction; Potexvirus; Protein–protein interactions; Systemic necrosis