title: Association of serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and early ectopic pregnancy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study evaluated serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) concentrations in women with ectopic pregnancy (EP), miscarriage, and normal pregnancy (NP).
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a case-control study comparing serum VEGF concentrations among 72 women with ectopic pregnancy (n = 35), miscarriage (n = 15), and normal pregnancy (n = 22) matched for gestational age. For the determination of serum VEGF concentration a solid phase sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used. Patients were stratified according to serum VEGF above or below 200 pg/ml.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The serum level of VEGF was significantly higher in women with EP (median 211.1 pg/ml; range 5-1,017.0 pg/ml) than in women with normal pregnancy (median 5 pg/ml; range 5-310.6 pg/ml) p < 0.0001. Serum VEGF concentrations did not show any statistically significant difference between women with miscarriage (median 231.9 pg/ml; range 5-813.7 pg/ml) and EP (median 211.1 pg/ml; range 5-1,017.0 pg/ml). When threshold concentrations of serum VEGF level > 200 pg/ml were used, an EP could be distinguished from a normal pregnancy with a sensitivity of 51.4%, a specificity of 90.9%, and a positive predictive value of 90%. Between EP and miscarriage, the sensitivity was 51.4%, specificity 42.8%, and a positive predictive value of 69.2%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum VEGF could not distinguish an EP from a miscarriage. However, serum VEGF concentrations could discriminate a normal intrauterine pregnancy (IUP) from an unviable pregnancy (EP or miscarriage).
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics of the Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil. mosf75@uol.com.br
authors.forename: M O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Fernandes da Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics of the Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Elito
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics of the Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Daher
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics of the Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Camano
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics of the Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fernandes Moron
mesh_terms: D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011271:Pregnancy, Ectopic / Q000097:blood*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A