title: Clinical significance of markers of collagen metabolism in rheumatic mitral valve disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD), a chronic acquired heart disorder results from Acute Rheumatic Fever. It is a major public health concern in developing countries. In RHD, mostly the valves get affected. The present study investigated whether extracellular matrix remodelling in rheumatic valve leads to altered levels of collagen metabolism markers and if such markers can be clinically used to diagnose or monitor disease progression.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a case control study comprising 118 subjects. It included 77 cases and 41 healthy controls. Cases were classified into two groups- Mitral Stenosis (MS) and Mitral Regurgitation (MR). Carboxy-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PICP), amino-terminal propeptide of type III procollagen (PIIINP), total Matrix Metalloproteinase-1(MMP-1) and Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) were assessed. Histopathology studies were performed on excised mitral valve leaflets. A p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma PICP and PIIINP concentrations increased significantly (p<0.01) in MS and MR subjects compared to controls but decreased gradually over a one year period post mitral valve replacement (p<0.05). In MS, PICP level and MMP-1/TIMP-1 ratio strongly correlated with mitral valve area (r = -0.40; r = 0.49 respectively) and pulmonary artery systolic pressure (r = 0.49; r = -0.49 respectively); while in MR they correlated with left ventricular internal diastolic (r = 0.68; r = -0.48 respectively) and systolic diameters (r = 0.65; r = -0.55 respectively). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis established PICP as a better marker (AUC = 0.95; 95% CI = 0.91-0.99; p<0.0001). A cut-off >459 ng/mL for PICP provided 91% sensitivity, 90% specificity and a likelihood ratio of 9 in diagnosing RHD. Histopathology analysis revealed inflammation, scarring, neovascularisation and extensive leaflet fibrosis in diseased mitral valve.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Levels of collagen metabolism markers correlated with echocardiographic parameters for RHD diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, WB, India.
authors.forename: Tanima
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Banerjee
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, WB, India.
authors.forename: Somaditya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mukherjee
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, WB, India.
authors.forename: Sudip
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Geisinger Community Medical Center and Wright Center for Graduate Medical Education, Scranton, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
authors.forename: Monodeep
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Biswas
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardio-thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, WB, India.
authors.forename: Santanu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dutta
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Rabindra Nath Tagore International Institute of Cardiac Sciences, Kolkata, WB, India.
authors.forename: Sanjib
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pattari
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, WB, India.
authors.forename: Shelly
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chatterjee
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, WB, India.
authors.forename: Arun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bandyopadhyay
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D003094:Collagen / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000473:pathology*; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008946:Mitral Valve Stenosis / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D012214:Rheumatic Heart Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D003094:Collagen