title: Iron improving bio-char derived from microalgae on removal of tetracycline from aqueous system.
abstract: Novel magnetic carbonaceous bio-char was hydrothermal prepared from microalgae under different loadings of iron and its structures and surface chemistry were characterized with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm (BET). The morphology of bio-char changed from sheet to particle as iron loading increased and its surface area also increased. When 3.0 g of dried microalgae and 6.0 mmol iron salt ((NH4)2SO4·FeSO4·6H2O) were mixed and treated, the obtained bio-char possessing the highest amount of oxygen-containing functional groups resulted in the best adsorption performance on tetracycline (TC). This adsorption process was fitted to Langmuir adsorption isotherm and the maximum adsorption capacity was 95.86 mg/g, which is higher than other bio-char reported. The iron loading contributed to the higher adsorption capacity of bio-char, which may be due to three factors, the high surface area, more hydrogen bonding, and bridging effects of the structural Fe for TC. Our data suggest that bio-char may have more important role in stabilization of pollutants in the environment.
authors.affiliation: College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China, pengliang2004@126.com.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Yanqing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Jidong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Pufeng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Qingru
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Jihai
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.forename: Liyuan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chai
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D002606:Charcoal / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry*; D007700:Kinetics; D058086:Microalgae / Q000378:metabolism*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000737:chemistry; D056951:Photoelectron Spectroscopy; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013752:Tetracycline / Q000378:metabolism*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C540010:biochar; D002606:Charcoal; D007501:Iron; D013752:Tetracycline; D009584:Nitrogen