title: Trap-induced losses in hybrid photovoltaics.
abstract: We investigate the loss mechanisms in hybrid photovoltaics based on blends of poly(3-hexylthiophene) with CdSe nanocrystals of various sizes. By combining the spectroscopic and electrical measurements on working devices as well as films, we identify that high trap-mediated recombination is responsible for the loss of photogenerated charge carriers in devices with small nanocrystals. In addition, we demonstrate that the reduced open-circuit voltage for devices with small nanocrystals is also caused by the traps.
authors.affiliation: Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge , J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Zhe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jianpu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Akshay
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Ian A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.forename: Agnese
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abrusci
authors.forename: Sylvain
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Massip
authors.forename: Christopher R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: McNeill
authors.forename: Neil C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Greenham