title: A study on provisional cements, cementation techniques, and their effects on bonding of porcelain laminate veneers.
abstract: Minimal tooth preparation is required for porcelain laminate veneers, but interim restorations are a must to protect their teeth against thermal insult, chemical irritation, and to provide aesthetics. Cement remaining after the removal of the provisional restoration can impair the etching quality of the tooth surface and fit and final bonding of the porcelain laminate veneer. This in vitro study examined the tooth surface for remaining debris of cement after removal of a provisional restoration. Determine the presence of cement debris on prepared tooth surface subsequent to the removal of provisional restoration. Determine the cement with the least residue following the cleansing procedures. Determine the effect of smear layer on the amount of residual luting cement. Eighty-four extracted natural anterior teeth were prepared for porcelain laminate veneers. For half of the teeth, the smear layer was removed before luting provisional restorations. Veneer provisional restorations were fabricated and luted to teeth with six bonding methods: varnish combined with glass ionomer cement (GIC), varnish combined with resin modified GIC, varnish, spot etching combined with dual-cure luting cement, adhesive combined with GIC, adhesive combined with resin modified GIC, and adhesive, spot etching combined with dual-cure luting cement. After removal of provisional restorations 1 week later, the tooth surface was examined for residual luting material with SEM. Traces of cement debris were found on all the prepared teeth surfaces for all six groups which were cemented with different methods. Cement debris was seen on teeth subsequent to the removal of provisional's. Dual-cure cement had the least residue following the cleansing procedures. Presence of smear layer had no statistical significance in comparison with cement residue. With the use of adhesive the cement debris was always found to be more than with the use of varnish. GIC showed maximum residual cement followed by dual-cure.
authors.affiliation: Sri Sai Dental College & Research Institute, NTR Health University, Vijayawada, India ; TNR's Rukmini Residency, Door # 302, 16-2-674/5, Judge's Colony, New Malakpet, Hyderabad, 500036 Andhra Pradesh India.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vinod Kumar
authors.affiliation: Bangalore Institute of Dental Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India ; 1 A, Garden Homes, Aga Abbas Ali Road, Bangalore, 560042 Karnataka India.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Soorya Poduval
authors.affiliation: The Oxford Dental College, Bangalore, India.
authors.lastname: Bipin Reddy
authors.affiliation: Govt. Dental College, RIMS Kadapa NTR Health University, Vijayawada, India.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shesha Reddy
keywords: Luting cements; Porcelain laminates veneers; Scanning electron microscope (SEM)