title: Single-incision technique for placement of tunneled internal jugular vein vascular access in children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Central venous access is indispensable in caring for children with infections, malignancies and chronic illnesses, and image-guided placement of central venous access devices (CVAD) is increasingly used. A single-incision technique for placement of tunneled central venous access devices at the internal jugular vein has been described; however the technique has not been described exclusively in children.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe our initial experience using the single-incision technique for tunneled central venous access at the internal jugular vein in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a retrospective review of the interventional radiology database and electronic medical records of 15 children who received a tunneled central venous access device (CVAD) using a single incision between 2010 and 2012. Patients included eight boys and seven girls with an average age of 11 years (median 13.3 years, range 1-18.7 years) and average weight of 44.2 kg (median 38.3 kg, range 9.6-99.0 kg).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 17 primary insertions were performed. Technical success was 100%. Total catheter life consisted of 1,416 catheter-days (mean 83.3 days, range 8-502 days). There were no procedure-related or early complications. Seven late complications requiring intervention occurred in three catheters. Total mechanical and infectious complications occurred at rates of 0.28 and 0.21 per 100 catheter-days, respectively. The adjusted rate for infectious complications was 0.14 per 100 catheter-days. Medical salvage procedures (83%) and interventional radiology salvage procedures (17%) prolonged catheter life by an average of 94.5 days (range 10-329 days).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates safe use and technical feasibility of the image-guided single-incision technique for central venous access in children, particularly in children in whom the conventional technique is less desirable.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA, gaballahm@email.chop.edu.
authors.forename: Marian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gaballah
authors.forename: Ganesh
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Krishnamurthy
authors.forename: Marc S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.forename: Adeka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McIntosh
authors.forename: Anne Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Cahill
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002405:Catheterization, Central Venous / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007601:Jugular Veins; D008297:Male; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015642:Radiology, Interventional / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012189:Retrospective Studies