title: No association of dietary fiber intake with inflammation or arterial stiffness in youth with type 1 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association of dietary fiber intake with inflammation and arterial stiffness among youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in the US.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data are from youth ≥ 10 years old with clinically diagnosed T1D for ≥ 3 months and ≥ 1 positive diabetes autoantibody in the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study. Fiber intake was assessed by food frequency questionnaire with measurement error (ME) accounted for by structural sub-models derived using additional 24-h dietary recall data in a calibration sample and the respective exposure-disease model covariates. Markers of inflammation, measured at baseline, included IL-6 (n=1405), CRP (n=1387), and fibrinogen (n=1340); markers of arterial stiffness, measured approximately 19 months post-baseline, were available in a subset of participants and included augmentation index (n=180), pulse wave velocity (n=184), and brachial distensibility (n=177).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean (SD) T1D duration was 47.9 (43.2) months; 12.5% of participants were obese. Mean (SD) ME-adjusted fiber intake was 15 (2.8) g/day. In multivariable analyses, fiber intake was not associated with inflammation or arterial stiffness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among youth with T1D, fiber intake does not meet recommendations and is not associated with measures of systemic inflammation or vascular stiffness. Further research is needed to evaluate whether fiber is associated with these outcomes in older individuals with T1D or among individuals with higher intakes than those observed in the present study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Lindsay M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Jaacks
authors.affiliation: Departments of Nursing and Biostatistics, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Jamie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Crandell
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, The University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
authors.forename: Angela D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Liese
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Archana P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Lamichhane
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Ronny A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, The University of Colorado School of Public Health, Denver, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Dana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dabelea
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Ralph B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: D'Agostino
authors.affiliation: Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Lawrence M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Dolan
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, The University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: Santica
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marcovina
authors.affiliation: Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Kristi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.affiliation: Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Amy S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Elaine M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Urbina
authors.affiliation: Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, The University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
authors.forename: R Paul
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Wadwa
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Medicine, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. Electronic address: ejmayer_davis@unc.edu.
authors.forename: Elizabeth J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Mayer-Davis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D063177:Pulse Wave Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014481:United States; D059289:Vascular Stiffness / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D005340:Fibrinogen
keywords: Arterial stiffness; Dietary fiber; Inflammation; Type 1 diabetes; Youth