title: The use of motion detectors to estimate net usage by householders, in relation to mosquito density in central Cote d'Ivoire: preliminary results.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The difficulty of accurately assessing LLIN use has led us to test electronic data logging motion detectors to provide quantitative data on household LLIN usage.
  
  
  METHODS
  The main movements associated with an LLIN when appropriately used for malaria control were characterised under laboratory conditions. Data output from motion detectors attached to the LLINs associated with these specific movements were collated. In preliminary field studies in central Cote d'Ivoire, a pre-tested and validated questionnaire was used to identify the number of days householders claimed to have slept under LLINs. This information was compared to data downloaded from the motion detectors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Output data recording movement on the x, y, and z axes from the data loggers was consistently associated with the specific net movements. Recall of LLIN usage reported by questionnaires after a week was overestimated by 13.6%. This increased to 22.8% after 2 weeks and 38.7% after a month compared to information from the data loggers. Rates of LLIN use were positively correlated with An.gambiae s.s biting density (LRT = 273.70; P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed that motion detectors can be used to provide a useful quantitative record of LLIN use. This new methodology provides a supplementary means of surveying bed net usage.
authors.affiliation: Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK. gkoudou@liverpool.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Benjamin G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Koudou
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Malone
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hemingway
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000502:physiology*; D007560:Cote d'Ivoire; D055615:Electrical Equipment and Supplies; D004772:Entomology; D005191:Family Characteristics; D006801:Humans; D007299:Insect Bites and Stings; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000502:physiology*; D057148:Insecticide-Treated Bednets / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008288:Malaria / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009032:Mosquito Control / Q000379:methods*; D009038:Motion; D011156:Population Density; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires