title: The emerging roles of ARID1A in tumor suppression.
abstract: ARID1A has emerged as a tumor suppressor gene, which is mutated in a broad spectrum of cancers, especially in those arising from ectopic or eutopic endometrium. As a subunit of SWI/SNF chromatin remodeler, ARID1A facilitates target-specific binding of SWI/SNF complexes to chromatin, thereby altering the accessibility of chromatin to a variety of nuclear factors. In human cancer, ARID1A possesses not only features of a gatekeeper, regulating cell cycle progression, but also features of a caretaker, preventing genomic instability. An increasing body of evidence suggests crosstalk between ARID1A and PI3K/Akt pathways, and between ARID1A and p53. In this review, we discuss the spectrum of ARID1A alterations in cancers, tumor suppression mechanisms of ARID1A, oncogenic pathways cooperating with ARID1A, and clinical implications of ARID1A mutation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Pathobiology Graduate Program; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD USA; Department of Pathology; Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine; Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ren-Chin
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Pathobiology Graduate Program; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD USA; Departments of Oncology and Gynecology and Obstetrics; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD USA.
authors.forename: Tian-Li
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Pathobiology Graduate Program; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD USA; Departments of Oncology and Gynecology and Obstetrics; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD USA.
authors.forename: Ie-Ming
authors.initials: IeM
authors.lastname: Shih
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D063646:Carcinogenesis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D042822:Genomic Instability; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation; D059645:Mutation Rate; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: C112476:ARID1A protein, human; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors
keywords: ARID1A; PI3K; SWI/SNF; chromatin remodeling complex; clear cell carcinoma; endometrial cancer; endometrioid carcinoma; gastric cancer; ovarian cancer; tumor suppressor gene