title: Positron emission tomography for measurement of copper fluxes in live organisms.
abstract: Copper is an essential nutrient for the physiology of live organisms, but excessive copper can be harmful. Copper radioisotopes are used for measurement of copper fluxes in live organisms using a radioactivity assay of body fluids or whole-body positron emission tomography (PET). Hybrid positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) is a versatile tool for real-time measurement of copper fluxes combining the high sensitivity and quantification capability of PET and the superior spatial resolution of CT for anatomic localization of radioactive tracer activity. Kinetic analysis of copper metabolism in the liver and extrahepatic tissues of Atp7b(-/-) knockout mice, a mouse model of Wilson's disease, demonstrated the feasibility of measuring copper fluxes in live organisms with PET/CT using copper-64 chloride ((64) CuCl2 ) as a radioactive tracer ((64) CuCl2 -PET/CT). (64) CuCl2 -PET/CT holds potential as a useful tool for the diagnosis of inherited and acquired human copper metabolism disorders and for monitoring the effects of copper-modulating therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
authors.forename: Fangyu
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Peng
mesh_terms: D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D003301:Copper Radioisotopes; D000073840:Copper-Transporting ATPases; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract; D006527:Hepatolenticular Degeneration / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism; D007706:Menkes Kinky Hair Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D011849:Radioactive Tracers
chemical_list: C486201:Atp7a protein, mouse; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins; D003301:Copper Radioisotopes; D011849:Radioactive Tracers; D003300:Copper; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; D000073840:Copper-Transporting ATPases; C029892:cupric chloride
keywords: Menkes disease; PET/CT; Wilson's disease; copper metabolism; copper-64 chloride; positron emission tomography