title: Systematic screening of plant extracts from the Brazilian Pantanal with antimicrobial activity against bacteria with cariogenic relevance.
abstract: This study proposes a bioprospection methodology regarding the antimicrobial potential of plant extracts against bacteria with cariogenic relevance. Sixty extracts were obtained from ten plants--(1) Jatropha weddelliana, (2) Attalea phalerata, (3) Buchenavia tomentosa, (4) Croton doctoris, (5) Mouriri elliptica, (6) Mascagnia benthamiana, (7) Senna aculeata, (8) Unonopsis guatterioides, (9) Allagoptera leucocalyx and (10) Bactris glaucescens--using different extraction methods - (A) 70° ethanol 72 h/25°C, (B) water 5 min/100°C, (C) water 1 h/55°C, (D) water 72 h/25°C, (E) hexane 72 h/25°C and (F) 90° ethanol 72 h/25°C. The plants were screened for antibacterial activity at 50 mg/ml using the agar well diffusion test against Actinomyces naeslundii ATCC 19039, Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356, Streptococcus gordonii ATCC 10558, Streptococcus mutans ATCC 35688, Streptococcus sanguinis ATCC 10556, Streptococcus sobrinus ATCC 33478 and Streptococcus mitis ATCC 9811. The active extracts were tested to determine their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), cytotoxicity and chemical characterization. Forty-seven extracts (78%) were active against at least one microorganism. Extract 4A demonstrated the lowest MIC and MBC for all microorganisms except S. gordonii and the extract at MIC concentration was non-cytotoxic. The concentrated extracts were slightly cytotoxic. Electrospray ionization with tandem mass spectrometry analyses demonstrated that the extract constituents coincided with the mass of the terpenoids and phenolics. Overall, the best results were obtained for extraction methods A, B and C. The present work proved the antimicrobial activity of several plants. Particularly, extracts from C. doctoris were the most active against bacteria involved in dental caries disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São José dos Campos, Brazil.
authors.forename: F L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Brighenti
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Salvador
authors.forename: Alberto Carlos Botazzo
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Delbem
authors.forename: Ádina Cleia Bottazzo
authors.initials: ÁC
authors.lastname: Delbem
authors.forename: M A C
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.forename: L S F
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Freitas
authors.forename: C Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Koga-Ito
mesh_terms: D000190:Actinomyces / Q000187:drug effects; D029061:Annonaceae / Q000737:chemistry; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D028023:Arecaceae / Q000737:chemistry; D001938:Brazil; D029764:Combretaceae / Q000737:chemistry; D029802:Croton / Q000737:chemistry; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000382:microbiology*; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D031286:Jatropha / Q000737:chemistry; D007779:Lactobacillus acidophilus / Q000187:drug effects; D029581:Malpighiaceae / Q000737:chemistry; D035322:Melastomataceae / Q000737:chemistry; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis; D008517:Phytotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012676:Senna Extract / Q000737:chemistry; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D054773:Streptococcus gordonii / Q000187:drug effects; D034361:Streptococcus mitis / Q000187:drug effects; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000187:drug effects; D013298:Streptococcus sanguis / Q000187:drug effects; D016986:Streptococcus sobrinus / Q000187:drug effects; D013696:Temperature; D013729:Terpenes / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents; D013729:Terpenes; D012676:Senna Extract