title: Metabolic rate and cardiorespiratory response during hybrid cycling versus handcycling at equal subjective exercise intensity levels in people with spinal cord injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the metabolic rate and cardiorespiratory response during hybrid cycling versus handcycling at equal subjective exercise intensity levels in people with spinal cord injury (SCI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Amsterdam Rehabilitation Research Centre | Reade, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
  
  
  METHODS
  On separate days, nine individuals with a motor complete paraplegia or tetraplegia (eight men, age 40 ± 13 years, time since injury 12 ± 10 years) performed 5-minute bouts of hybrid cycling (day 1) and handcycling (day 2) at moderate (level 3 on a 10-point rating of perceived exertion (RPE) scale) and vigorous (RPE level 6) subjective exercise intensity, while respiratory gas exchange was measured by open-circuit spirometry and heart rate was monitored using radiotelemetry.
  
  
  METHODS
  Metabolic rate (calculated with the Weir equation) and cardiorespiratory response (heart rate, oxygen pulse, and ventilation).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, the metabolic rate during hybrid cycling was 3.4 kJ (16%) higher (P = 0.006) than during handcycling. Furthermore, compared with handcycling, the overall heart rate and ventilation during hybrid cycling was 11 bpm (11%) and 5.3 l/minute (18%) higher (P = 0.004 and 0.024), respectively, while the oxygen pulse was the same (P = 0.26).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hybrid cycling induces a higher metabolic rate and cardiorespiratory response at equal RPE levels than handcycling, suggesting that hybrid cycling is more suitable for fighting obesity and increasing cardiorespiratory fitness in individuals with SCI.
authors.forename: Arjan J T
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Bakkum
authors.forename: Sonja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: de Groot
authors.forename: Mark Q
authors.initials: MQ
authors.lastname: Onderwater
authors.forename: Jelle
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Jong
authors.forename: Thomas W J
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Janssen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006225:Hand; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010264:Paraplegia / Q000209:etiology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D011659:Pulmonary Gas Exchange; D012123:Pulmonary Ventilation / Q000502:physiology*; D011782:Quadriplegia; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000534:rehabilitation*
keywords: Exercise; Obesity; Physical fitness; Spinal cord injuries