title: Association of uric acid with metabolic syndrome in men, premenopausal women and postmenopausal women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) and metabolic syndrome (MS) in men, premenopausal women and postmenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was conducted in 1,834 community-based Southern Chinese participants from June to October 2012. Sex-specific SUA quartiles were used as follows: <345, 345-<400, 400-<468, ≥ 468 µmol/L in males; and <248, 248-<288, 288-<328, ≥ 328 µmol/L in females. MS was defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) Criteria. The association between SUA and MS was then analyzed using the STATA software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The odds ratio (OR) for having MS in the highest versus lowest quartiles of SUA levels was 2.46 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.39 to 4.34, p = 0.002) in men after adjusting for age, sex, history of coronary heart disease, history of stroke, current current smoking, current alcohol use, physical inactivity, education status, and BMI. Further adjusting for above confounders, hypertension and diabetes, the OR for having MS in the highest versus lowest quartiles of SUA was 3.06 (95% CI, 1.64 to 5.70, p < 0.001). The OR for having MS in the highest versus lowest quartiles of SUA was 3.45 (95% CI, 1.38 to 8.64, p = 0.008) and 1.98 (95% CI, 1.16 to 3.37, p = 0.08) in premenopausal women and postmenopausal women after adjusting for age, sex, history of coronary heart disease, history of stroke, current smoking, current alcohol use, physical inactivity, education status, and BMI. Further adjusting for above confounders, hypertension and diabetes, the OR for having MS in the highest versus lowest quartiles of SUA was 3.42 (95% CI, 1.15 to 10.18, p = 0.03) and 1.87 (95% CI, 1.05 to 3.33, p = 0.03) in premenopausal women and postmenopausal women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher SUA levels are positively associated with the presence of MS in males and females. Higher SUA levels had a higher risk of having MS in premenopausal women than in postmenopausal women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology and Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China. liyongqiang851@163.com.
authors.forename: Yongqiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou 363000, China. dqydqy386@sina.com.
authors.forename: Shanying
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology and Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China. shaoxfei@126.com.
authors.forename: Xiaofei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology and Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China. guojia199683@126.com.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology and Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China. pepsi84@163.com.
authors.forename: Xinyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology and Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China. nanyitx@126.com.
authors.forename: Aiqun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology and Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China. xiaoying2001-205@163.com.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology and Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China. ailemonmint@126.com.
authors.forename: Honglei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology and Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China. libin12014@163.com.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology and Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China. kangpingdeng82@163.com.
authors.forename: Kangping
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology and Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China. aiq2006@126.com.
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: National Centre for Sensor Research/BioAnalytical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland. harry.holthofer@dcu.ie.
authors.forename: Harry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Holthöfer
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology and Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China. hequnzou@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Hequn
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000097:blood*; D017697:Premenopause / Q000097:blood*; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D014527:Uric Acid