title: Effects of hydrostatic pressure on mouse sperm.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to investigate the abnormalities in sperm after exposure to hydrostatic pressure.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Hydrostatic pressure acting on the cells is one of the fundamental environmental mechanical forces. Disorders of relationship between the cells and this mechanical force, such as when pressure varies beyond physiological limits, can lead to disease or pathological states. Sperm exposed to different range of hydrostatic pressure within male reproductive system and after entering the female reproductive system.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sexually mature male NMRI mice, 8-12 weeks-old were sperm donors. Sperms were separated from the caudal epididymis and maintained in Ham's F-10 culture medium supplemented with 10 % FBS and divided into control and treatments. Sperm suspensions in the treatments were placed within pressure chamber and were subjected to increased hydrostatic pressure of 25, 50 and 100 mmHg (treatment I, II and III) above atmospheric pressure for 2 and 4 h. Sperm viability, motility, morphology, DNA integrity and fertilizing ability were assessed and compared with control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results showed that hydrostatic pressure dependent on ranges and time manner reduced sperm quality due to adverse effect on viability, motility , morphology, DNA integrity and fertilizing ability in all of treatments, especially after 4h (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data revealed hydrostatic pressure reduces sperm quality as a consequence of adverse effects on sperm parameters and may cause male infertility or subfertility (Tab. 5, Ref. 5).
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Karimi
authors.forename: P Bahrami
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Kamangar
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Azadbakht
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amini
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Amiri
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006874:Hydrostatic Pressure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D013076:Sperm Count; D013081:Sperm Motility; D013094:Spermatozoa; D013997:Time Factors