title: Effectiveness of the addition of citicoline to patching in the treatment of amblyopia around visual maturity: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effectiveness of the addition of citicoline to patching in the treatment of amblyopia in the age group of 4-13 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized controlled trial, which included patients who were randomly divided into two groups. Both the groups received patching therapy till plateau was achieved in phase 1 of the study. Then in phase 2, group I received citicoline plus patching and group II continued to receive only patching.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outcome was measured by the visual acuity in logMAR every month in phase 1 till plateau was achieved and then for 12 months in phase 2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant difference was found in the mean visual acuities in these two groups in phase 1 till plateau was reached. In phase 2, for the initial four months, there was no significant difference in the visual acuities in these two groups, at the respective intervals. However, five months onward, up to 12 months, there was a significant difference in the visual acuities in these groups.The result was the same in younger patients (< seven years of age) as well as in older patients (> seven years of age). In phase 2, the mean proportional improvement in group I was significantly more than that in group II, at two months and onward, at the respective intervals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The improvement in visual acuity with citicoline plus patching was significantly more than that with patching alone, in one year of treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. Vasantrao Pawar Medical College Hospital and Research Center, Nashik, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Prachee Vasant
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Pawar
authors.forename: Sachin S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Mumbare
authors.forename: Mrunal Suresh
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Patil
authors.forename: Seema
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ramakrishnan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000550:Amblyopia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003566:Cytidine Diphosphate Choline / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018697:Nootropic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012683:Sensory Deprivation; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014792:Visual Acuity
chemical_list: D018697:Nootropic Agents; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D003566:Cytidine Diphosphate Choline