title: Mass spectrometry of flavonoid vicenin-2, based sunlight barriers in Lychnophora species.
abstract: Lychnophora salicifolia plants collected from four different places in Brazil (three states: Goias, Minas Gerais and Bahia) revealed a conserved accumulation of vicenin-2, a di-C-glycosyl flavonoid. Quantitative studies by UPLC-MS/MS showed high concentration of vicenin-2 in leaves from sixty specimens of six Lychnophora species. So the tissue distributions of vicenin-2 were evaluated in wild Lychnophora leaves (Asteraceae) by laser based imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) to propose its distributions and possible functions for the species analyzed. Mass spectrometric imaging revealed that vicenin-2, unlike other flavonoids, was produced at the top of the leaves. The combination of localization and UV absorption properties of vicenin-2 suggests that it could act as a UV light barrier to protect the plants, since plants are sessile organisms that have to protect themselves from harsh external conditions such as intense sunlight.
authors.affiliation: Núcleo de Pesquisas em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos (NPPNS), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto -SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Denise Brentan
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Núcleo de Pesquisas em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos (NPPNS), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto -SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Izabel Cristina Casanova
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Turatti
authors.affiliation: Núcleo de Pesquisas em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos (NPPNS), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto -SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Dayana Rubio
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Gouveia
authors.affiliation: Núcleo de Pesquisas em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos (NPPNS), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto -SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Madeleine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ernst
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Simone Pádua
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.affiliation: Núcleo de Pesquisas em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos (NPPNS), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto -SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Norberto Peporine
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Lopes
mesh_terms: D047310:Apigenin / Q000737:chemistry*; D019659:Asteraceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000737:chemistry*; D005960:Glucosides / Q000737:chemistry*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; D013472:Sunlight
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D005960:Glucosides; D010936:Plant Extracts; C530449:apigenin-6,8-di-C-glycopyranoside; D047310:Apigenin