title: Anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative effect of herbal medicines (APR) in RAW264.7 cells.
abstract: The objective of the present study was to analyze the effect of a mixture of medicinal plants [Angelica gigas Nakai, Panax ginseng and Rhus verniciflua Stokes (APR)] on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in the murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7. Cells were treated with APR and LPS at various concentrations and indicated times. WST assay, trypan blue assay and quantification of activated cells demonstrated that APR suppressed cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. APR induced G1 cell cycle arrest and inhibited the LPS-induced phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38) and necrosis factor κB (NF-κB). APR also suppressed nitric oxide synthase isoform (iNOS) and prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2 (Cox-2) messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression induced by LPS. Furthermore, APR decreased LPS-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, mitochondrial membrane potential, as well as induced PARP and caspase-3 cleavage, suggesting that APR causes apoptosis. In conclusion, the present study indicated that APR may be advantageous in treating inflammatory disease.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Clinical Biology and Pharmacogenomics and Center for Clinical Research and Genomics, Institute of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Han-Seok
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Clinical Biology and Pharmacogenomics and Center for Clinical Research and Genomics, Institute of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hye Sook
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Clinical Biology and Pharmacogenomics and Center for Clinical Research and Genomics, Institute of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Soon Re
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Clinical Biology and Pharmacogenomics and Center for Clinical Research and Genomics, Institute of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Youn Kyung
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Clinical Biology and Pharmacogenomics and Center for Clinical Research and Genomics, Institute of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yong-Cheol
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Clinical Biology and Pharmacogenomics and Center for Clinical Research and Genomics, Institute of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seong-Gyu
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Ko
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D029001:Herbal Medicine; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases