title: The protein type within a hypocaloric diet affects obesity-related inflammation: the RESMENA project.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to compare the effect of two energy-restricted, differing with regard to protein content, on the inflammation state of obese individuals with features of metabolic syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-six participants completed an 8-wk randomized intervention trial that compared the RESMENA diet (-30% energy, with 30% energy from protein) with a control diet (-30% energy, with 15% energy from protein) that was based on American Heart Association criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean body weight losses were 7.09 ± 0.82 kg and 6.73 ± 0.71 kg, respectively, with no differences seen between the groups. The endpoint inflammation score-which was based on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 levels-was significantly lower (P = 0.012) in the low-protein group (6.81 ± 2.32 versus 7.94 ± 1.94). The linear regression analyses revealed that total protein intake was positively associated with inflammation (P = 0.007) as well as with animal protein (P = 0.025) and meat protein (P = 0.015), but neither vegetable- nor fish-derived proteins were found to influence inflammatory status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that the type of protein consumed (more than the total protein consumed) within an energy-restricted diet influences the inflammation status associated with obesity-related comorbidities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lopez-Legarrea
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Rocio
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de la Iglesia
authors.affiliation: Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; CIBERobn, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Itziar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Abete
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERobn, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Santiago
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Navas-Carretero
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERobn, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: jalfmtz@unav.es.
authors.forename: J Alfredo
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERobn, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: M Angeles
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Zulet
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D029941:Fish Proteins; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications*; D014674:Plant Proteins, Dietary; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000097:blood; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D029941:Fish Proteins; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014674:Plant Proteins, Dietary; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: Cardiovascular diseases; Inflammation markers; Macronutrient distribution; Metabolic syndrome; Weight loss