title: Simulation-based ultrasound-guided central venous cannulation training program.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To propose a simulation-based ultrasound-guided central venous cannulation skills' training program, during residency.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study describes the strategies for learning the ultrasound-guided central venous cannulation on low-fidelity bench models. The preparation of bench models, educational goals, processes of skill acquisition, feedback and evaluation methods were also outlined. The training program was based on key references to the subject.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was formulated a simulation-based ultrasound-guided central venous cannulation teaching program on low-fidelity bench models.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A simulation-based inexpensive, low-stress, no-risk learning program on low-fidelity bench models was proposed to facilitate acquisition of ultrasound-guided central venous cannulation skills by residents-in-training before exposure to the living patient.
authors.affiliation: Hospital Municipal Dr. Mario Gatti, Department of Surgery, CampinasSP, Brazil, MD, Resident, Department of Surgery, Hospital Municipal Dr. Mario Gatti (HMMG), Campinas-SP, Brazil. Conception, design, intellectual and scientific content of the study; technical procedures; manuscript writing, critical revision.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Denadai
authors.affiliation: Sao Paulo University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Sao PauloSP, Brazil, MD, Resident, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Sao Paulo University (FMUSP), Sao Paulo-SP, Brazil. Technical procedures, acquisition of data, manuscript writing.
authors.forename: Andreia Padilha
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Toledo
authors.affiliation: HMMG, Department of Surgery, CampinasSP, Brazil, MD, Resident, Department of Surgery, HMMG, Campinas-SP, Brazil. Technical procedures.
authors.forename: Danielle Milani
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Bernades
authors.affiliation: HMMG, Department of Surgery, CampinasSP, Brazil, MD, Resident, Department of Surgery, HMMG, Campinas-SP, Brazil. Technical procedures.
authors.forename: Felipe Daldegan
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Diniz
authors.affiliation: HMMG, Department of Surgery, CampinasSP, Brazil, MD, Resident, Department of Surgery, HMMG, Campinas-SP, Brazil. Technical procedures.
authors.forename: Fernanda Brandão
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Eid
authors.affiliation: HMMG, Department of Surgery, CampinasSP, Brazil, MD, Resident, Department of Surgery, HMMG, Campinas-SP, Brazil. Technical procedures.
authors.forename: Livia Maria Marcondes de Moura
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Lanfranchi
authors.affiliation: HMMG, Department of Surgery, CampinasSP, Brazil, MD, Resident, Department of Surgery, HMMG, Campinas-SP, Brazil. Technical procedures.
authors.forename: Luciana Chamone
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Amaro
authors.affiliation: HMMG, Department of Surgery, CampinasSP, Brazil, MD, Resident, Department of Surgery, HMMG, Campinas-SP, Brazil. Technical procedures.
authors.forename: Natalia Mariana
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Germani
authors.affiliation: HMMG, Department of Surgery, CampinasSP, Brazil, MD, Resident, Department of Surgery, HMMG, Campinas-SP, Brazil. Technical procedures.
authors.forename: Vinicius Gutierrez
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Parise
authors.affiliation: HMMG, Department of Surgery, CampinasSP, Brazil, MD, Surgeon-in-Chief, Department of Surgery, HMMG, Campinas-SP, Brazil. Technical procedures.
authors.forename: Claudio Nascimento
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Pacheco Filho
authors.affiliation: State University of Sao Paulo, Botucatu Medical School, Department of Surgery, BotucatuSP, Brazil, PhD, Associate Professor, Division of Coloproctology, Department of Surgery, Botucatu Medical School (FMB), State University of Sao Paulo (UNESP), Botucatu-SP, Brazil. Manuscript writing, critical revision, supervised all phases of the study.
authors.forename: Rogério
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Saad-Hossne
mesh_terms: D002405:Catheterization, Central Venous / Q000379:methods*; D002983:Clinical Competence; D004521:Educational Measurement; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency / Q000379:methods*; D008488:Medical Illustration; D015397:Program Evaluation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013664:Teaching Materials; D013997:Time Factors; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*