title: Forward-viewing radial-array echoendoscope for staging of colon cancer beyond the rectum.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate feasibility of the novel forward-viewing radial-array echoendoscope for staging of colon cancer beyond rectum as the first series.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study with prospectively entered database. From March 2012 to February 2013, a total of 21 patients (11 men) (mean age 64.2 years) with colon cancer beyond the rectum were recruited. The novel forward-viewing radial-array echoendoscope was used for ultrasonographic staging of colon cancer beyond rectum. Ultrasonographic T and N staging were recorded when surgical pathology was used as a gold standard.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean time to reach the lesion and the mean time to complete the procedure were 3.5 and 7.1 min, respectively. The echoendoscope passed through the lesions in 13 patients (61.9%) and reached the cecum in 10 of 13 patients (76.9%). No adverse events were found. The lesions were located in the cecum (n = 2), ascending colon (n = 1), transverse colon (n = 2), descending colon (n = 2), and sigmoid colon (n = 14). The accuracy rate for T1 (n = 3), T2 (n = 4), T3 (n = 13) and T4 (n = 1) were 100%, 60.0%, 84.6% and 100%, respectively. The overall accuracy rates for the T and N staging of colon cancer were 81.0% and 52.4%, respectively. The accuracy rates among traversable lesions (n = 13) and obstructive lesions (n = 8) were 61.5% and 100%, respectively. Endoscopic ultrasound and computed tomography had overall accuracy rates of 81.0% and 68.4%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The echoendoscope is a feasible staging tool for colon cancer beyond rectum. However, accuracy of the echoendoscope needs to be verified by larger systematic studies.
authors.affiliation: Pradermchai Kongkam, Sittikorn Linlawan, Satimai Aniwan, Narisorn Lakananurak, Suparat Khemnark, Wiriyaporn Ridtitid, Pinit Kullavanijaya, Rungsun Rerknimitr, Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Excellent Center, Department of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
authors.forename: Pradermchai
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kongkam
authors.affiliation: Pradermchai Kongkam, Sittikorn Linlawan, Satimai Aniwan, Narisorn Lakananurak, Suparat Khemnark, Wiriyaporn Ridtitid, Pinit Kullavanijaya, Rungsun Rerknimitr, Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Excellent Center, Department of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
authors.forename: Sittikorn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Linlawan
authors.affiliation: Pradermchai Kongkam, Sittikorn Linlawan, Satimai Aniwan, Narisorn Lakananurak, Suparat Khemnark, Wiriyaporn Ridtitid, Pinit Kullavanijaya, Rungsun Rerknimitr, Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Excellent Center, Department of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
authors.forename: Satimai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aniwan
authors.affiliation: Pradermchai Kongkam, Sittikorn Linlawan, Satimai Aniwan, Narisorn Lakananurak, Suparat Khemnark, Wiriyaporn Ridtitid, Pinit Kullavanijaya, Rungsun Rerknimitr, Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Excellent Center, Department of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
authors.forename: Narisorn
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lakananurak
authors.affiliation: Pradermchai Kongkam, Sittikorn Linlawan, Satimai Aniwan, Narisorn Lakananurak, Suparat Khemnark, Wiriyaporn Ridtitid, Pinit Kullavanijaya, Rungsun Rerknimitr, Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Excellent Center, Department of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
authors.forename: Suparat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khemnark
authors.affiliation: Pradermchai Kongkam, Sittikorn Linlawan, Satimai Aniwan, Narisorn Lakananurak, Suparat Khemnark, Wiriyaporn Ridtitid, Pinit Kullavanijaya, Rungsun Rerknimitr, Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Excellent Center, Department of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
authors.forename: Chucheep
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sahakitrungruang
authors.affiliation: Pradermchai Kongkam, Sittikorn Linlawan, Satimai Aniwan, Narisorn Lakananurak, Suparat Khemnark, Wiriyaporn Ridtitid, Pinit Kullavanijaya, Rungsun Rerknimitr, Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Excellent Center, Department of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
authors.forename: Jirawat
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pattanaarun
authors.affiliation: Pradermchai Kongkam, Sittikorn Linlawan, Satimai Aniwan, Narisorn Lakananurak, Suparat Khemnark, Wiriyaporn Ridtitid, Pinit Kullavanijaya, Rungsun Rerknimitr, Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Excellent Center, Department of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
authors.forename: Supakij
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khomvilai
authors.affiliation: Pradermchai Kongkam, Sittikorn Linlawan, Satimai Aniwan, Narisorn Lakananurak, Suparat Khemnark, Wiriyaporn Ridtitid, Pinit Kullavanijaya, Rungsun Rerknimitr, Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Excellent Center, Department of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
authors.forename: Naruemon
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wisedopas
authors.affiliation: Pradermchai Kongkam, Sittikorn Linlawan, Satimai Aniwan, Narisorn Lakananurak, Suparat Khemnark, Wiriyaporn Ridtitid, Pinit Kullavanijaya, Rungsun Rerknimitr, Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Excellent Center, Department of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
authors.forename: Wiriyaporn
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ridtitid
authors.affiliation: Pradermchai Kongkam, Sittikorn Linlawan, Satimai Aniwan, Narisorn Lakananurak, Suparat Khemnark, Wiriyaporn Ridtitid, Pinit Kullavanijaya, Rungsun Rerknimitr, Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Excellent Center, Department of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
authors.forename: Manoop S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Bhutani
authors.affiliation: Pradermchai Kongkam, Sittikorn Linlawan, Satimai Aniwan, Narisorn Lakananurak, Suparat Khemnark, Wiriyaporn Ridtitid, Pinit Kullavanijaya, Rungsun Rerknimitr, Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Excellent Center, Department of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
authors.forename: Pinit
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kullavanijaya
authors.affiliation: Pradermchai Kongkam, Sittikorn Linlawan, Satimai Aniwan, Narisorn Lakananurak, Suparat Khemnark, Wiriyaporn Ridtitid, Pinit Kullavanijaya, Rungsun Rerknimitr, Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Excellent Center, Department of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
authors.forename: Rungsun
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rerknimitr
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003106:Colon / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D020685:Colonoscopes; D003113:Colonoscopy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D019160:Endosonography / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012007:Rectum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies
keywords: Colon; Colon cancer; Colonoscopy; Endoscopic ultrasound; Forward-viewing; Neoadjuvan therapy; Neoplasm; Staging