title: Solitary bronchial squamous cell papilloma - another human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated benign tumor: systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To perform a systematic review and formal meta-analysis of the literature reporting on HPV detection in bronchial squamous cell papillomas (SCP).
  
  
  METHODS
  The literature was searched up to June 2012. The effect size was calculated as event rate (95% CI), with homogeneity testing using Cochran's Q and I(2) statistics. Meta-regression was used to test the impact of study-level covariates (HPV detection method, geographic origin) on effect size, and potential publication bias was estimated using funnel plot symmetry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifteen studies were eligible, covering 89 bronchial SCPs from different geographic regions. Altogether, 38 (42.7%) cases tested HPV-positive; effect size 0.422 (95% CI: 0.311-0.542; fixed effects model), and 0.495 (95% CI: 0.316-0.675; random effects model). In meta-analysis stratified by i) HPV detection technique and ii) geographic study origin, the between-study heterogeneity was not significant for either; p = 0.348, and p = 0.792, respectively. In maximum likelihood meta-regression, HPV detection method (p = 0.150) and geographic origin of the study (p = 0.164) were not significant study-level covariates. Some evidence for publication bias was found only among in situ hybridization (ISH)-based studies and among studies from Europe, but with a negligible effect on summary effect size estimates. In sensitivity analysis, the meta-analytic results were robust to all one-by-one study removals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In formal meta-regression, the variability in HPV detection rates reported in bronchial SCPs is not explained by the HPV detection method or geographic origin of the study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology & Radiotherapy, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland ; Barretos Cancer Hospital, Teaching and Research Institute, Barretos - SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Kari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Syrjänen
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Pathology and Radiology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Stina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Syrjänen
keywords: HPV; bronchial papilloma; detection method; meta-analysis; meta-regression; publication bias; solitary; squamous cell; study heterogeneity