title: Evaluating the impact of LED bulb development on the economic viability of ultraviolet technology for disinfection.
abstract: Ultraviolet (UV) technologies have been very successful in disinfection applications due to their ability to inactivate microorganisms without producing harmful disinfection by-products. However, there have been a number of concerns associated with the use of conventional UV systems such as hazardous mercury content, high capital investment and reduced electrical efficiency. These concerns have set limitations for the use of UV processes. The study evaluates the development of light emitting diode (LED) technology as an alternative UV source over the last 5 years, analyses the projections provided by the researchers and UV LED manufacturers and presents the information in a cost model with the aim to predict the timeline at which UV LED will compete with traditional UV low pressure high output technology in the commercial market at full-scale residential and industrial disinfection applications.
authors.affiliation: Cranfield Water Science Institute, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 OAL, UK.
authors.forename: Mohamed A S
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.affiliation: Cranfield Water Science Institute, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 OAL, UK.
authors.forename: Jitka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: MacAdam
authors.affiliation: Cranfield Water Science Institute, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 OAL, UK.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Autin
authors.affiliation: Cranfield Water Science Institute, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 OAL, UK.
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jefferson
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004203:Disinfection / Q000191:economics* / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008029:Lighting / Q000191:economics* / Q000295:instrumentation*; D018803:Models, Economic; D012666:Semiconductors / Q000191:economics*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D006113:United Kingdom