title: Compression of high-density EMG signals for trapezius and gastrocnemius muscles.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  New technologies for data transmission and multi-electrode arrays increased the demand for compressing high-density electromyography (HD EMG) signals. This article aims the compression of HD EMG signals recorded by two-dimensional electrode matrices at different muscle-contraction forces. It also shows methodological aspects of compressing HD EMG signals for non-pinnate (upper trapezius) and pinnate (medial gastrocnemius) muscles, using image compression techniques.
  
  
  METHODS
  HD EMG signals were placed in image rows, according to two distinct electrode orders: parallel and perpendicular to the muscle longitudinal axis. For the lossless case, the images obtained from single-differential signals as well as their differences in time were compressed. For the lossy algorithm, the images associated to the recorded monopolar or single-differential signals were compressed for different compression levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lossless compression provided up to 59.3% file-size reduction (FSR), with lower contraction forces associated to higher FSR. For lossy compression, a 90.8% reduction on the file size was attained, while keeping the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at 21.19 dB. For a similar FSR, higher contraction forces corresponded to higher SNR CONCLUSIONS: The computation of signal differences in time improves the performance of lossless compression while the selection of signals in the transversal order improves the lossy compression of HD EMG, for both pinnate and non-pinnate muscles.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Telecommunications and Control Engineering, Escola Politecnica, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. cinthia@leb.usp.br.
authors.forename: Cinthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Itiki
authors.forename: Sergio S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Furuie
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Merletti
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D044962:Data Compression; D004566:Electrodes; D004576:Electromyography / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D059629:Signal-To-Noise Ratio; D064171:Superficial Back Muscles / Q000502:physiology*