title: Low-protein, high-carbohydrate diet increases glucose uptake and fatty acid synthesis in brown adipose tissue of rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate glucose uptake and the contribution of glucose to fatty acid (FA) synthesis and the glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) of triacylglycerol synthesis by interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) of low-protein, high-carbohydrate (LPHC) diet-fed rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  LPHC (6% protein; 74% carbohydrate) or control (17% protein; 63% carbohydrate) diets were administered to rats (∼ 100 g) for 15 d. Total FA and G3P synthesis and the synthesis of FA and G3P from glucose were evaluated in vivo by (3)H2O and (14)C-glucose. Sympathetic neural contribution for FA synthesis was evaluated by comparing the synthesis in denervated (7 d before) IBAT with that of the contralateral innervated side. The insulin signaling and β3 adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) contents, as well as others, were determined by Western blot (Student's t test or analysis of variance; P ≤ 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total FA synthesis in IBAT was 133% higher in the LPHC group and was reduced 85% and 70% by denervation for the LPHC and control groups, respectively. Glucose uptake was 3.5-fold higher in the IBAT of LPHC rats than in that of the control rats, and the contribution of glucose to the total FA synthesis increased by 12% in control rats compared with 18% in LPHC rats. The LPHC diet increased the G3P generation from glucose by 270% and the insulin receptor content and the p-AKT insulin stimulation in IBAT by 120% and reduced the β3-AR content by 50%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The LPHC diet stimulated glucose uptake, both the total rates and the rates derived from glucose-dependent FA and G3P synthesis, by increasing the insulin sensitivity and the sympathetic flux, despite a reduction in the β3-AR content.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
authors.forename: Suélem
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aparecida de França
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maísa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pavani Dos Santos
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
authors.forename: Roger Vinícius
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Nunes Queiroz da Costa
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mendalli
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Froelich
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Samyra Lopes
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Buzelle
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of São João Del Rei, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Valéria Ernestânia
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Chaves
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
authors.forename: Morenna Alana
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Giordani
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mayara Peron
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
authors.forename: Edson Moleta
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Colodel
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cláudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marlise Balbinotti Andrade
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Electronic address: Nairhonda@terra.com.br.
authors.forename: Nair Honda
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Kawashita
mesh_terms: D002001:Adipose Tissue, Brown / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D004032:Diet; D018753:Diet, Protein-Restricted; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D005994:Glycerophosphates / Q000378:metabolism; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D050155:Lipogenesis; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011972:Receptor, Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D022702:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3 / Q000378:metabolism; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D005227:Fatty Acids; D005994:Glycerophosphates; D007328:Insulin; D022702:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3; D014280:Triglycerides; C029620:alpha-glycerophosphoric acid; D011972:Receptor, Insulin; D005947:Glucose
keywords: Brown adipose tissue; Fatty acids; Glucose uptake; Glycerol-3-phosphate; Low-protein; high-carbohydrate diet