title: Selective endothelin ETA and dual ET(A)/ET(B) receptor blockade improve endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Endothelin-1 contributes to endothelial dysfunction in patients with atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes. In healthy arteries the ETA receptor mediates the main part of the vasoconstriction induced by endothelin-1 whilst the ETB receptor mediates vasodilatation. The ETB receptor expression is upregulated on vascular smooth muscle cells in atherosclerosis and may contribute to the increased vasoconstrictor tone and endothelial dysfunction observed in this condition. Due to these opposing effects of the ETB receptor it remains unclear whether ETB blockade together with ETA blockade may be detrimental or beneficial. The aim was therefore to compare the effects of selective ETA and dual ETA/ETB blockade on endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forearm endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasodilatation was assessed by venous occlusion plethysmography in 12 patients before and after selective ETA or dual ETA/ETB receptor blockade.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dual ETA/ETB receptor blockade increased baseline forearm blood flow by 30±14% (P<0.01) whereas selective ETA blockade did not (14±8%). Both selective ETA blockade and dual ETA/ETB blockade significantly improved endothelium-dependent vasodilatation. The improvement did not differ between the two treatments. There was also an increase in endothelium-independent vasodilatation with both treatments. Dual ETA/ETB blockade did not significantly increase microvascular flow but improved transcutaneous pO2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both selective ETA and dual ETA/ETB improve endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease. ETB blockade increases basal blood flow but does not additionally improve endothelium-dependent vasodilatation.
authors.affiliation: Karolinska Institute Department of Medicine, Unit of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: arnar.rafnsson@ki.se.
authors.forename: Arnar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rafnsson
authors.affiliation: Karolinska Institute Department of Medicine, Unit of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Alexey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shemyakin
authors.affiliation: Karolinska Institute Department of Medicine, Unit of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pernow
mesh_terms: D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D065128:Endothelin Receptor Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D017078:Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; D008875:Middle Aged; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D010313:Partial Pressure; D010991:Plethysmography; D044022:Receptor, Endothelin A / Q000378:metabolism*; D044023:Receptor, Endothelin B / Q000378:metabolism*; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply / Q000503:physiopathology; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D065128:Endothelin Receptor Antagonists; D044022:Receptor, Endothelin A; D044023:Receptor, Endothelin B; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: BQ123 (PubChem CID 443289); BQ788 (PubChem CID 23693553); Coronary artery disease; Diabetes mellitus; Endothelial dysfunction; Endothelin a receptor; Endothelin b receptor; Endothelin receptor antagonist; Endothelin-1; Serotonin (PubChem CID 5202); Sodium nitroprusside (PubChem CID 11963579); Type 2 diabetes