title: Microwave-assisted extraction of herbacetin diglucoside from flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) seed cakes and its quantification using an RP-HPLC-UV system.
abstract: Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) seeds are widely used for oil extraction and the cold-pressed flaxseed (or linseed) cakes obtained during this process constitute a valuable by-product. The flavonol herbacetin diglucoside (HDG) has been previously reported as a constituent of the flaxseed lignan macromolecule linked through ester bonds to the linker molecule hydroxymethylglutaric acid. In this context, the development and validation of a new approach using microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) of HDG from flaxseed cakes followed by quantification with a reverse-phase HPLC system with UV detection was purposed. The experimental parameters affecting the HDG extraction yield, such as microwave power, extraction time and sodium hydroxide concentration, from the lignan macromolecule were optimized. A maximum HDG concentration of 5.76 mg/g DW in flaxseed cakes was measured following an irradiation time of 6 min, for a microwave power of 150 W using a direct extraction in 0.1 M NaOH in 70% (v/v) aqueous methanol. The optimized method was proven to be rapid and reliable in terms of precision, repeatability, stability and accuracy for the extraction of HDG. Comparison with a conventional extraction method demonstrated that MAE is more effective and less time-consuming.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Phytotechnologie EA 3900 BIOPI, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 1 rue des Louvels, 80037 Amiens, France. ophelie.fliniaux@u-picardie.fr.
authors.forename: Ophélie
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Fliniaux
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures UPRES EA 1207, Equipe Lignanes des Linacées, Université d'Orléans - Antenne Scientifique Universitaire de Chartres, 21 rue de Loigny la Bataille, 28000 Chartres, France. cyrielle.corbin@univ-orleans.fr.
authors.forename: Cyrielle
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Corbin
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Phytotechnologie EA 3900 BIOPI, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 1 rue des Louvels, 80037 Amiens, France. eric.grand@u-picardie.fr.
authors.forename: Aina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ramsay
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Phytotechnologie EA 3900 BIOPI, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 1 rue des Louvels, 80037 Amiens, France. sullivan.renouard@univ-orleans.fr.
authors.forename: Sullivan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Renouard
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Phytotechnologie EA 3900 BIOPI, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 1 rue des Louvels, 80037 Amiens, France. eric.grand@u-picardie.fr.
authors.forename: Vickram
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Beejmohun
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures UPRES EA 1207, Equipe Lignanes des Linacées, Université d'Orléans - Antenne Scientifique Universitaire de Chartres, 21 rue de Loigny la Bataille, 28000 Chartres, France. joel.doussot@cnam.fr.
authors.forename: Joël
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Doussot
authors.affiliation: Service de Transformations Chimiques et Pharmaceutiques, ERL CNRS 3193, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, 2 rue Conté, 75003 Paris, France. annie.falguieres@cnam.fr.
authors.forename: Annie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Falguières
authors.affiliation: Service de Transformations Chimiques et Pharmaceutiques, ERL CNRS 3193, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, 2 rue Conté, 75003 Paris, France. clotilde.ferroud@cnam.fr.
authors.forename: Clotilde
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ferroud
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures UPRES EA 1207, Equipe Lignanes des Linacées, Université d'Orléans - Antenne Scientifique Universitaire de Chartres, 21 rue de Loigny la Bataille, 28000 Chartres, France. frederic.lamblin@univ-orleans.fr.
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lamblin
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures UPRES EA 1207, Equipe Lignanes des Linacées, Université d'Orléans - Antenne Scientifique Universitaire de Chartres, 21 rue de Loigny la Bataille, 28000 Chartres, France. eric.laine@univ-orleans.fr.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lainé
authors.affiliation: Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire, FRE 3580 CNRS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint-Leu, 80039 Amiens, France. albrecht.roscher@u-picardie.fr.
authors.forename: Albrecht
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Roscher
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire des Glucides FRE 3517 CNRS, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint-Leu, 80039 Amiens, France. eric.grand@u-picardie.fr.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Grand
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Phytotechnologie EA 3900 BIOPI, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 1 rue des Louvels, 80037 Amiens, France. ophelie.fliniaux@u-picardie.fr.
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mesnard
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures UPRES EA 1207, Equipe Lignanes des Linacées, Université d'Orléans - Antenne Scientifique Universitaire de Chartres, 21 rue de Loigny la Bataille, 28000 Chartres, France. christophe.hano@univ-orleans.fr.
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hano
mesh_terms: D005591:Chemical Fractionation / Q000379:methods; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000737:chemistry*; D019597:Flax / Q000737:chemistry*; D005960:Glucosides / Q000737:chemistry*; D008872:Microwaves; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D005960:Glucosides; D010936:Plant Extracts; C521875:herbacetin diglucoside