title: Continuous infusion of propofol or intermittent bolus of tiletamine-zolazepam in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate an infusion of propofol for anesthesia in comparison to tiletamine-zolazepam anesthesia, evaluating physiological variables and recovery in squirrel monkeys.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective non-blinded randomized study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight healthy squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus), aged 3 years and weighing 0.340-0.695 kg.
  
  
  METHODS
  Premedication was intramuscular midazolam (0.5 mg) and meperidine (4 mg). Anesthesia was induced with intravenous (IV) propofol (4 mg kg(-1)  minute(-1) ) and maintained with propofol starting at 0.4 mg kg(-1)  minute(-1) (PRO, n = 4) or IV tiletamine-zolazepam (5 mg kg(-1) ) and maintained with supplementary doses of TZ (TZ, n = 4). Cardiopulmonary variables were measured continuously. Arterial blood gases and lactate concentration were measured at the end of anesthesia. Quality and times of recovery were determined. Repeatedly measured data for significant differences were tested between groups with t-test and within groups by anova.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median time for induction of anesthesia in PRO was 180 seconds. Mean maintenance infusion rate of propofol was 0.43 ± 0.05 mg kg(-1)  minute(-1) , varying during the 1 hour period. One monkey died after administration of TZ; others required 1, 4, or 8 supplemental doses. Cardiopulmonary variables were similar between groups, but hypotension was recorded. Recovery times to ventral recumbency in PRO (32 ± 17 minutes) and TZ (84 ± 11 minutes) and normal ambulation in PRO (58 ± 22 minutes) and TZ (358 ± 109minutes) were significantly different (p < 0.05). Recovery quality was superior in PRO, with less ataxia and fewer unsuccessful attempts to stand. Lactate concentration was not different between treatments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cardiopulmonary variables were similar between protocols, aside from the higher incidence of hypotension in PRO, indicating that further studies with a larger number of animals are required. Compared to tiletamine-zolazepam, propofol anesthesia provided faster and superior anesthetic recovery in these animals.
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rafaela
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Galante
authors.forename: José A P C
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Muniz
authors.forename: Paulo H G
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.forename: Vanessa N
authors.initials: VN
authors.lastname: Gris
authors.forename: Elizabeth R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: Dorli S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Amora
authors.forename: Ricardo G D'O C
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Vilani
mesh_terms: D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D000771:Anesthesia, Intravenous / Q000662:veterinary*; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000818:Animals; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule / Q000662:veterinary; D004338:Drug Combinations; D008297:Male; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012453:Saimiri / Q000601:surgery*; D013992:Tiletamine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015041:Zolazepam / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D004338:Drug Combinations; C006131:tiletamine, zolazepam drug combination; D013992:Tiletamine; D015041:Zolazepam; D015742:Propofol
keywords: injectable anesthesia; intravenous; primate; recovery