title: Insights into the pathophysiology of catch-up compared with non-catch-up growth in children born small for gestational age: an integrated analysis of metabolic and transcriptomic data.
abstract: Small for gestational age (SGA) children exhibiting catch-up (CU) growth have a greater risk of cardiometabolic diseases in later life compared with non-catch-up (NCU) SGA children. The aim of this study was to establish differences in metabolism and gene expression profiles between CU and NCU at age 4-9 years. CU children (n=22) had greater height, weight and body mass index standard deviation scores along with insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and fasting glucose levels but lower adiponectin values than NCU children (n=11; all P<0.05). Metabolic profiling demonstrated a fourfold decrease of urine myo-inositol in CU compared with NCU (P<0.05). There were 1558 genes differentially expressed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells between the groups (P<0.05). Integrated analysis of data identified myo-inositol related to gene clusters associated with an increase in insulin, growth factor and IGF-I signalling in CU children (P<0.05). Metabolic and transcriptomic profiles in CU SGA children showed changes that may relate to cardiometabolic risk.
authors.affiliation: 1] Royal Manchester Children's Hospital (RMCH), Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (CMFT), Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Manchester, UK [2] Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.affiliation: 1] Royal Manchester Children's Hospital (RMCH), Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (CMFT), Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Manchester, UK [2] Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bonshek
authors.affiliation: 1] Royal Manchester Children's Hospital (RMCH), Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (CMFT), Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Manchester, UK [2] Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Whatmore
authors.affiliation: 1] Royal Manchester Children's Hospital (RMCH), Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (CMFT), Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Manchester, UK [2] Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Butcher
authors.affiliation: 1] Royal Manchester Children's Hospital (RMCH), Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (CMFT), Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Manchester, UK [2] Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hanson
authors.affiliation: 1] Royal Manchester Children's Hospital (RMCH), Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (CMFT), Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Manchester, UK [2] Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: De Leonibus
authors.affiliation: Yorkhill Children's Hospital, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shaikh
authors.affiliation: 1] Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Institute of Human Development, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK [2] Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics (CADET), Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: 1] Royal Manchester Children's Hospital (RMCH), Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (CMFT), Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Manchester, UK [2] Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: O'Shea
authors.affiliation: St Mary's Hospital, CMFT, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Victor
authors.affiliation: Royal Bolton Hospital, Royal Bolton Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Powell
authors.affiliation: Hope Hospital, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Settle
authors.affiliation: North Manchester General Hospital, Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Crumpsall, UK.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Padmakumar
authors.affiliation: North Manchester General Hospital, Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Crumpsall, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: North Manchester General Hospital, Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Crumpsall, UK.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Odeka
authors.affiliation: Stepping Hill Hospital, Stockport NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.affiliation: Tameside General Hospital, Tameside Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Birch
authors.affiliation: Royal Albert Edward Infirmary, Wrightington, Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust, Wigan, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shenoy
authors.affiliation: Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, University of Manchester and St Mary's Hospital, CMFT, MAHSC, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Westwood
authors.affiliation: 1] Royal Manchester Children's Hospital (RMCH), Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (CMFT), Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Manchester, UK [2] Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: 1] Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Institute of Human Development, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK [2] Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics (CADET), Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: B W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Dunn
authors.affiliation: 1] Royal Manchester Children's Hospital (RMCH), Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (CMFT), Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Manchester, UK [2] Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: P
authors.identifier: 0000000312254537
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Clayton
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D055432:Metabolomics; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers