title: Cellular and cytokine responses to Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi proteins in patients with typhoid fever in Bangladesh.
abstract: We assessed interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) responses via enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISPOT) to a number of S. Typhi antigens in samples from humans with S. Typhi bacteremia and typhoid fever in Bangladesh. Compared with responses in healthy endemic zone controls, there were significantly increased IFN-γ responses at the time of clinical presentation (acute phase) and at convalescence 14-28 days later. The majority (80-90%) of IFN-γ expressing T cells were CD4+. We observed a significant increase in interleukin-17 (IL-17) positive CD4 + T cells at convalescent versus acute stage of infection using an intracellular cytokine staining assay. We also found that stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) produced significantly increased levels of a number of cytokines at the convalescent versus acute phase of infection, including IFN-γ, MIP-1β, sCD40L, TNF-β, IL-13, and IL-9. These results suggest that S. Typhi antigens induce a predominantly Th1 response, but that elevations in other cytokines may be modulatory.
authors.forename: Saruar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhuiyan
authors.forename: Abu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sayeed
authors.forename: Farhana
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Khanam
authors.forename: Daniel T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: Taufiqur
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rahman Bhuiyan
authors.forename: Alaullah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sheikh
authors.forename: Umme
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Salma
authors.forename: Regina C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: LaRocque
authors.forename: Jason B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pacek
authors.forename: Stephen B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Calderwood
authors.forename: Joshua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: LaBaer
authors.forename: Edward T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: Firdausi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Qadri
authors.forename: Richelle C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Charles
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology*; D016470:Bacteremia; D001459:Bangladesh / Q000453:epidemiology; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000276:immunology*; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D012485:Salmonella typhi / Q000276:immunology*; D014435:Typhoid Fever / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D016207:Cytokines; D007371:Interferon-gamma