title: Quantification of bromophenols in Islay whiskies.
abstract: Two single malt whiskies from the Scottish island Islay, i.e., Laphroiag and Lagavulin, are characterized by an iodine-like flavor associated with marine environments. In this study we investigated if this flavor impression could be due to bromophenols which are character impact compounds of marine fish and shrimps. In this study we developed a method suited for the determination of dibromo- and tribromophenols in whisky. Aliquots were O-acetylated, and quantification was carried out with gas chromatography with electron-capture negative ion mass spectrometry (GC/ECNI-MS). Both Islay whiskies contained more than 400 ng/L bromophenols with 2,6-dibromophenol being the most relevant homologue (>300 ng/L, respectively). These concentrations are at least 1 order of magnitude higher than the taste threshold of 2,6-dibromophenol in water. A third Islay whisky, Bowmore, contained ∼100 ng/L bromophenols while seventeen other whiskies from other regions in Scotland as well as from the USA, Ireland, and Germany contained at least 1 order of magnitude less than the two whiskies with the marine taste. Accordingly, bromophenols may contribute to the marine flavor and taste of Laphroaig and Lagavulin.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Chemistry (170b), University of Hohenheim , Garbenstrasse 28, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bendig
authors.forename: Katja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lehnert
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Vetter
mesh_terms: D000434:Alcoholic Beverages / Q000032:analysis*; D005421:Flavoring Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D005858:Germany; D009812:Odorants / Q000032:analysis; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D005421:Flavoring Agents; D010636:Phenols; C038964:2,6-dibromophenol