title: Mutations within the HBc gene of the hepatitis B virus: a study on Iranian patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a serious risk factor for several severe liver diseases such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. HBV, like other viruses, uses several mechanisms to escape from specific immune responses including the use of mutations in the genome which lead to epitope variations. There are several immune responses, including T helper cells, cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and B cells, against the core antigen of HBV (HBcAg) that can lead to HBV eradication. Therefore, mutations within the HBc gene can lead to escape from immune responses by HBV and, hence, understanding the prevalence of HBc mutations among a specific population can be helpful for future treatment and vaccination. This review addresses the recent information regarding the prevalence of mutations within the HBc gene among Iranian HBV infected patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data presented here was collected gene sequences reported from Iran to the NCBI nucleotide Gen Bank.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results showed that the prevalence of HBc gene mutations is frequent in Iranian HBV infected patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on our searches it seems that escape from immune responses is a plausible reason for the high prevalence of HBc gene mutations among Iranian HBV infected patients.
authors.affiliation: Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zare-Bidaki
authors.affiliation: Physiology-Pharmacology Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ayoobi
authors.affiliation: Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
authors.forename: Gholamhossein
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hassanshahi
authors.affiliation: Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Kazemi
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Arababadi
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing School of Nursing and Midwifery, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
authors.forename: Tayebeh
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mirzaei
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanajan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
authors.forename: Ahmad Shebanizade
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Darehdori
authors.affiliation: School of Biomolecular and Physical Science, Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University Nathan, Queensland-Australia.
authors.forename: Derek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kennedy
mesh_terms: D005814:Genes, Viral; D006512:Hepatitis B Core Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran; D009154:Mutation
chemical_list: D006512:Hepatitis B Core Antigens