title: Evaluation of the Late-Life Disability Instrument (LLDI) in low-income older populations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the construct and convergent validity of the 16 items of the Late-Life Disability Instrument (LLDI) in Latin American seniors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed to assess the factor structure of frequency and limitation sub-scales of the LLDI. ANOVA and t test were used to determine the convergent and construct validity of the LLDI by exploring associations with physical performance tests, mobility limitations, depression, cognition, self-reported health, as well as with sex, education, and income.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Factor analysis resulted in one-factor solution and acceptable model fit. Participants with better physical function, less mobility limitations, better self-reported health, and intact cognition reported more frequent activities and fewer limitations, indicating good convergent and construct validity of our measure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LLDI is a good instrument to assess disability in low-income populations. Further research is needed to include culturally acceptable activities for the frequency sub-scale.
authors.affiliation: Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Afshin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vafaei
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gomez
authors.forename: Maria V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Zunzunegui
authors.forename: Jack
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guralnik
authors.forename: Carmen L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Curcio
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Guerra
authors.forename: Beatriz E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Alvarado
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001938:Brazil; D003105:Colombia; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011203:Poverty / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Latin America; confirmatory factor analysis; exploratory factor analysis; late-life disability; older adults