title: Avoidable iatrogenic complications of male urethral catheterisation and inadequate intern training: a 4-year follow-up post implementation of an intern training programme.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the impact of a structured training programme in urethral catheterisation (UC) targeted at newly qualified junior doctors on rates of iatrogenic catheter morbidity within a tertiary care referral centre.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male UC-related morbidities were retrospectively identified from our computerised inpatient urology consultation system over a 1-year period from July 2010 to June 2011. Relevant medical records were also reviewed. Results were compared with an initial study performed between July 2006 and June 2007, prior the introduction of a structured training programme in our institution. An anonymous questionnaire was used for the subjective assessment of interns about confidence in catheterising post introduction of the programme.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 725 urological consultations, 29 (4%) were related to complications arising from male UC during the 1 year period. This reflected a statistically significant decrease when compared to our 2007 figures, 51/864 (6%) (p < 0.05). Again, the most common indication for UC was monitoring urinary output for acute medical illness (19/29, 66%). The most common complication was urethral trauma (16/29, 55%). Of the 29 cases of UC-related morbidity, 18 (62%) resulted from interns performing UC, a decrease of 12% from our original paper. A drop of 27% was seen in the rates of UC related morbidity attributable to interns during the first 6 months of internship (July-December). Overall, 70% (vs 40% original study) of interns felt that their practical training was adequate since introduction of the programme (p < 0.01) with 53% considering theoretical training adequate (vs 16% original study (p < 0.01). When asked were they confident in performing UC, 63% said they were compared to 35% before introduction of the programme (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  UC-related iatrogenic morbidity is not uncommon even in a tertiary-care teaching hospital. Implementation of a structured training programme in UC prior to the commencement of intern year has been shown to result in a significant decrease in the amount of iatrogenic UC related morbidity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Beaumont Hospital, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 9, Ireland. Electronic address: johnsullivan@rcsi.ie.
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Beaumont Hospital, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 9, Ireland.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Forde
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Beaumont Hospital, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 9, Ireland.
authors.forename: A Z
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Beaumont Hospital, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 9, Ireland.
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Creagh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003479:Curriculum; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007049:Iatrogenic Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007396:Internship and Residency / Q000379:methods*; D007494:Ireland / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D009017:Morbidity / Q000639:trends; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D014546:Urinary Catheterization / Q000379:methods*; D014572:Urology / Q000193:education*
keywords: Catheter morbidity; Iatrogenic; Intern; Questionnaire; Training programme; Urethral catheterisation