title: Acquired hyperpigmentations.
abstract: Cutaneous hyperpigmentations are frequent complaints, motivating around 8.5% of all dermatological consultations in our country. They can be congenital, with different patterns of inheritance, or acquired in consequence of skin problems, systemic diseases or secondary to environmental factors. The vast majority of them are linked to alterations on the pigment melanin, induced by different mechanisms. This review will focus on the major acquired hyperpigmentations associated with increased melanin, reviewing their mechanisms of action and possible preventive measures. Particularly prominent aspects of diagnosis and therapy will be emphasized, with focus on melasma, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, periorbital pigmentation, dermatosis papulosa nigra, phytophotodermatoses, flagellate dermatosis, erythema dyschromicum perstans, cervical poikiloderma (Poikiloderma of Civatte), acanthosis nigricans, cutaneous amyloidosis and reticulated confluent dermatitis.
authors.affiliation: Rio Grande do Sul Federal University, Internal Medicine Department, Porto Alegre(RS), Brazil, PhD - Associate Professor at the Internal Medicine Department, at Rio Grande do Sul Federal University (UFRGS). Teaching Professor at the Child and Adolescent Health Sciences and the Surgical Post-Graduation Programs at Rio Grande do Sul Federal University (UFRGS). Chief of the Dermatology Department at Porto Alegre Clinics Hospital - Rio Grande do Sul Federal University (HCPA-UFRGS) - Porto Alegre (RS), Brazil.
authors.forename: Tania Ferreira
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Cestari
authors.affiliation: Rio Grande do Sul Federal University, Medical Sciences Post Graduation program, Porto AlegreRS, Brazil, MD, Dermatologist, MSc (in course) at the Medical Sciences Post Graduation program at Rio Grande do Sul Federal University (UFRGS) - Porto Alegre (RS), Brazil.
authors.forename: Lia Pinheiro
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Dantas
authors.affiliation: Rio Grande do Sul Federal University, Child and Adolescent Health Sciences Post Graduation Program, Porto AlegreRS, Brazil, MD, Dermatologist, PhD (in course) at the Child and Adolescent Health Sciences Post Graduation Program at Rio Grande do Sul Federal University (UFRGS) - Porto Alegre (RS), Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliana Catucci
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Boza
mesh_terms: D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017495:Hyperpigmentation / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008543:Melanins / Q000378:metabolism; D012867:Skin / Q000473:pathology*; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D008543:Melanins