title: Direct reprogramming of adult cells: avoiding the pluripotent state.
abstract: The procedure of using mature, fully differentiated cells and inducing them toward other cell types while bypassing an intermediate pluripotent state is termed direct reprogramming. Avoiding the pluripotent stage during cellular conversions can be achieved either through ectopic expression of lineage-specific factors (transdifferentiation) or a direct reprogramming process that involves partial reprogramming toward the pluripotent stage. Latest advances in the field seek to alleviate concerns that include teratoma formation or retroviral usage when it comes to delivering reprogramming factors to cells. They also seek to improve efficacy and efficiency of cellular conversion, both in vitro and in vivo. The final products of this reprogramming approach could be then directly implemented in regenerative and personalized medicine.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Belfast, UK.
authors.forename: Sophia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kelaini
authors.affiliation: Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Belfast, UK.
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cochrane
authors.affiliation: Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Belfast, UK.
authors.forename: Andriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Margariti
keywords: ESCs; PiPS; iPS; miRNA; reprogramming; transdifferentiation