title: The lung microbiome after lung transplantation.
abstract: Lung transplantation survival remains significantly impacted by infections and the development of chronic rejection manifesting as bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS). Traditional microbiologic data has provided insight into the role of infections in BOS. Now, new non-culture-based techniques have been developed to characterize the entire population of microbes resident on the surfaces of the body, also known as the human microbiome. Early studies have identified that lung transplant patients have a different lung microbiome and have demonstrated the important finding that the transplant lung microbiome changes over time. Furthermore, both unique bacterial populations and longitudinal changes in the lung microbiome have now been suggested to play a role in the development of BOS. In the future, this technology will need to be combined with functional assays and assessment of the immune responses in the lung to help further explain the microbiome's role in the failing lung allograft.
authors.affiliation: Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: Valeriy
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Poroyko
authors.forename: Sangeeta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhorade
mesh_terms: D001989:Bronchiolitis Obliterans / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000628:therapy; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000628:therapy; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D016040:Lung Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D064307:Microbiota; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome