title: Changes in serum cytokines in response to musculoskeletal surgical trauma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Trauma induces local and subsequent systemic inflammatory reactions, and when the cytokine production is deregulated, a systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a potentially lethal outcome can occur. The understanding of the physiological mechanism of the cytokine network would be useful to better comprehend pathological conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analysed a panel of 30 cytokines in the serum of 20 patients operated with total hip replacement. Cytokine release was assessed postoperatively up to 6 days by a multiplex antibody bead kit and compared to pre-operative values.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Surgery induced significant increments in serum levels of IL-2R at 6 days after surgery, in levels of IL-6 at 6 hours after surgery and at 1 day after surgery, in levels of IL-8 at 6 hours after surgery, in levels of IL-16 at 6 hours and at 1 day after surgery. Significant decreases in serum levels of IL-1Rα were found at the end of surgery, in levels of IL-12 at the end of surgery and at 6 hours after, and in levels of Eotaxin during all phases of the postoperative course.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The major findings were significant increases in systemic levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, IL-16, while IL-12 was significantly decreased. Otherwise there were modest changes in the systemic cytokine kinetics and no significant expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Oslo University Clinic, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway. olav.reikeras@ous-hf.no.
authors.forename: Olav
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Reikeras
authors.forename: Pål
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Borgen
authors.forename: Janne Elin
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Reseland
authors.forename: Staale Petter
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Lyngstadaas
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D019644:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip / Q000379:methods*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein / Q000097:blood; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000097:blood; D019410:Interleukin-16 / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011184:Postoperative Period; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2 / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D019410:Interleukin-16; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2; D018664:Interleukin-12