title: [Mechanisms and regulation of enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose in filamentous fungi: classical cases and new models].
abstract: Cellulose is the most abundant renewable carbon source on earth. However, this polymer structure comprises a physical and chemical barrier for carbon access, which has limited its exploitation. In nature, only a few percentage of microorganisms may degrade this polymer by cellulase expression. Filamentous fungi are one of the most active and efficient groups among these microorganisms. This review describes similarities and differences between cellulase activity mechanisms and regulatory mechanisms controlling gene expression for 3 of the most studied cellulolytic filamentous fungi models: Trichoderma reesei, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus nidulans, and the recently described model Neurospora crassa. Unlike gene expression mechanisms, it was found that enzymatic activity mechanisms are similar for all the studied models. Understanding the distinctive elements of each system is essential for the development of strategies for the improvement of cellulase production, either by providing the optimum environment (fermentation conditions) or increasing gene expression in these microorganisms by genetic engineering.
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Bioprocesos y Bioprospección, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Ciudad Universitaria, Edificio Manuel Ancizar, Bogotá, D. C., Colombia; Laboratorio de Biotecnología Aplicada, Grupo de Biotecnología Ambiental e Industrial (GBAI), Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (PUJ), Bogotá, D. C., Colombia. Electronic address: ivonne.gutierrez@javeriana.edu.co.
authors.forename: Ivonne
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez-Rojas
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Bioprocesos y Bioprospección, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Ciudad Universitaria, Edificio Manuel Ancizar, Bogotá, D. C., Colombia; Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Ciudad Universitaria, Bogotá, D. C., Colombia.
authors.forename: Nubia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Moreno-Sarmiento
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Bioprocesos y Bioprospección, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Ciudad Universitaria, Edificio Manuel Ancizar, Bogotá, D. C., Colombia.
authors.forename: Dolly
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Montoya
mesh_terms: D001233:Aspergillus nidulans / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D001234:Aspergillus niger / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D002236:Carbohydrate Conformation; D002480:Cellulase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002482:Cellulose / Q000378:metabolism*; D005285:Fermentation; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005658:Fungi / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D006801:Humans; D006868:Hydrolysis; D035901:Hypocrea / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D008954:Models, Biological; D009492:Neurospora crassa / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D014242:Trichoderma / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D001617:beta-Glucosidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005656:Fungal Proteins; D002482:Cellulose; D001617:beta-Glucosidase; D002480:Cellulase
keywords: Aspergillus nidulans; Aspergillus niger; Cellulases; Cellulose; Celulasas; Celulosa; Expresión de genes; Gene expression; Neurospora crassa; Regulación transcripcional; Transcriptional regulation; Trichoderma reesei