title: Type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity in young adults: the extreme phenotype with early cardiovascular dysfunction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A pilot study to phenotype young adults (< 40 years) with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty people with Type 2 diabetes (aged 18-40 years), 10 lean and 10 obese control subjects underwent detailed assessment, including tagged cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, inflammatory proteins, lipids, vitamin D and maximal oxygen uptake. Outcomes were compared between the group with Type 2 diabetes and the control group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean (standard deviation) age, Type 2 diabetes duration and BMI in the group with Type 2 diabetes were 31.8 (6.6) years, 4.7 (4.0) years and 33.9 (5.8) kg/m(2) respectively. Compared with lean control subjects, those with Type 2 diabetes had more deleterious profiles of hyperlipidaemia, vitamin D deficiency, inflammation and maximal oxygen uptake relative to body mass. However, there was no difference between the group with Type 2 diabetes and the obese control group. The group with Type 2 diabetes had a higher left ventricular mass and a trend towards concentric remodelling compared with the lean control group (P = 0.002, P = 0.052) but not the obese control group (P > 0.05). Peak early diastolic strain rate was reduced in the group with Type 2 diabetes [1.51 (0.24)/s] compared with the lean control [1.97 (0.34)/s, P = 0.001] and obese control [1.78 (0.39)/s, P = 0.042] group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Young adults with Type 2 diabetes and those with obesity have similar adverse cardiovascular risk profiles, higher left ventricular mass and a trend towards left ventricular concentric remodelling. In addition, those with Type 2 diabetes demonstrate diastolic dysfunction, a known risk marker for future heart failure and mortality.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester Diabetes Centre, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester Diabetes Centre, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK.
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Wilmot
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leggate
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yates
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gorely
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Bodicoat
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Khunti
authors.forename: J P A
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Kuijer
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Clarysse
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Croisille
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Nimmo
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: McCann
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Davies
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010641:Phenotype; D012307:Risk Factors; D006113:United Kingdom; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids