title: Long-term outcome of decompressive hemicraniectomy in patients with malignant middle cerebral artery infarction: a prospective observational study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Malignant middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarction is associated with high mortality and morbidity. Decompressive hemicraniectomy (DH) reduces mortality significantly but evidence for long-term functional benefit is sparse and contradictory.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 60 patients with malignant MCA infarction were prospectively enrolled. 36 (60%) patients underwent DH and 24 (40%) patients received best medical therapy alone. Both groups were followed-up for 1 year for improvement in disability and aphasia using modified Rankin score (mRS) and Western Aphasia Battery respectively. Good outcome was defined as mRS ≤ 3. Secondary analysis using mRS ≤ 4 was also performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An absolute risk reduction of 45% was observed in mortality at 1 year; 38% (14/36) in the surgical group died versus 83% (20/24) in the medical group. Good outcome at 1 year was achieved in 20% (7/35) patients in the surgical group compared with none in the medical group (P = 0.025). Repeated measures regression suggested increased proportion of patients improving over time (discharge, 3, 6 and 12 months). Surgery reduced the odds of moderate to severe disability (mRS ≥ 4) by 93.5% (odds ratio: 0.064, 95% confidence interval: 0.01-0.045, P = 0.006).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DH in malignant MCA infarction not only reduces mortality but also increases chances of a better functional outcome. The benefit of surgery in motor and aphasia recovery is progressive and sustained until 1 year.
authors.forename: Vinod Kumar
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Rai
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Rohit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bhatia
authors.forename: Kameshwar
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Padma Srivastava
authors.forename: Shaily
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Neha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rai
authors.forename: Ashish
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Suri
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055815:Young Adult; D056424:Decompressive Craniectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome