title: Lifestyle-induced decrease in fat mass improves adiponectin secretion in obese adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Several studies have identified relationships between weight loss and adipokine levels; however, none have looked at the combined effect of aerobic exercise training with the consumption of a low- or a high-glycemic diet. We examined the effects of 12 wk of aerobic exercise combined with either a low-glycemic index diet (∼40 U) plus exercise (LoGIX) or a high-glycemic index diet (∼80 U) diet plus exercise (HiGIX) on plasma leptin and adiponectin (total and high molecular weight [HMW]) in 27 older obese adults (age = 65 ± 0.5 yr, body mass index = 34.5 ± 0.7 kg·m).
  
  
  METHODS
  Insulin sensitivity was calculated from an oral glucose tolerance test. Fasting HMW adiponectin and leptin were quantified from plasma samples obtained before the insulin sensitivity index obtained from the oral glucose tolerance test. Glucose and insulin measures were obtained before and every 30 min during the test. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and computerized tomography were used to determine body composition and to quantify subcutaneous and visceral abdominal adiposity, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fasting leptin was significantly decreased in both groups (LoGIX: preintervention = 33.8 ± 4.7, postintervention = 19.2 ± 4.5; HiGIX: preintervention = 27.9 ± 4.2, postintervention = 11.9 ± 2.2 ng·mL; P = 0.004), and HMW adiponectin was significantly increased (LoGIX: preintervention = 1606.9 ± 34.6, postintervention = 3502.3 ± 57; HiGIX: preintervention = 3704.8 ± 38.1, postintervention = 4284.3 ± 52.8 pg·mL; P = 0.003) after the 12-wk intervention. Total body fat was reduced after both interventions. Visceral fat mass was inversely correlated with HMW adiponectin, whereas subcutaneous fat correlated with leptin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data suggest that exercise training, independent of dietary glycemic index, favorably alters HMW adiponectin and leptin secretion and that a reduction in visceral fat mass is a key factor regulating HMW adiponectin in older obese persons.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; 2Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH; 3Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; 4Department of Physiology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH; and 5Metabolic Translational Research Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH.
authors.forename: Karen R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: Sankar D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Navaneethan
authors.forename: Thomas P J
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Solomon
authors.forename: Jacob M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Haus
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: Hope
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Barkoukis
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Kirwan
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D050154:Adiposity; D000368:Aged; D050528:Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D038321:Glycemic Index; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008970:Molecular Weight; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D020738:Leptin