title: The impact of experience on undergraduate preregistration student nurses' responses to patients in pain: a 2-year qualitative longitudinal study.
abstract: The management of pain is consistently reported as a problematic area of practice, with limited evidence of improvements in the past 30 years. This study explores the impact of experience on student nurses' responses to patients in pain. Sixteen volunteers from a cohort of undergraduate student nurses in the U.K. participated in a qualitative longitudinal study that used two semistructured interviews 18 months apart. Interview transcripts were analyzed with the use of thematic content analysis for each individual interview stage and then additionally to identify relationships between each stage. Participants revealed an initial lack of interest in nearly all aspects of pain. At the second stage of interviews, some participants expressed increasing discernment and empathy toward patients in pain, although some continued to have minimal interest. Findings suggest that an active interest in pain is essential so that individuals can react critically to assumptions of the clinical culture they are exposed to. Further research is needed to identify how an active interest can by developed among those students for whom experience has little positive impact. Without active interest, apathy, aversion to change, and continued poor pain management practices are likely to continue.
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom. Electronic address: cmf@liv.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Carolyn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mackintosh-Franklin
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001294:Attitude to Health; D004508:Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate; D004645:Empathy; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D024802:Nurse's Role / Q000523:psychology*; D015404:Nursing Methodology Research; D010146:Pain / Q000451:nursing*; D036301:Qualitative Research; D013338:Students, Nursing / Q000523:psychology*; D006113:United Kingdom