title: Current status: new technologies for the treatment of patients with fecal incontinence.
abstract: Fecal incontinence is a frequent and debilitating condition that may result from a multitude of different causes. Treatment is often challenging and needs to be individualized. During the last several years, new technologies have been developed, and others are emerging from clinical trials to commercialization. Although their specific roles in the management of fecal incontinence have not yet been completely defined, surgeons have access to them and patients may request them. The purpose of this project is to put into perspective, for both the patient and the practitioner, the relative positions of new and emerging technologies in order to propose a treatment algorithm.
authors.affiliation: Department of Colorectal Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Suite 7418, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA, akaiser@usc.edu.
authors.forename: Andreas M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kaiser
authors.forename: Guy R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Orangio
authors.forename: Massarat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zutshi
authors.forename: Suraj
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alva
authors.forename: Tracy L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Hull
authors.forename: Peter W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Marcello
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Margolin
authors.forename: Janice F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Rafferty
authors.forename: W Donald
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Buie
authors.forename: Steven D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Wexner
mesh_terms: D001003:Anal Canal / Q000294:innervation / Q000601:surgery; D001187:Artificial Organs; D017115:Catheter Ablation; D019299:Decompression, Surgical; D003911:Dextrans / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013505:Digestive System Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000628:therapy*; D005267:Femoral Nerve / Q000601:surgery; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007267:Injections; D008160:Lumbosacral Plexus; D059346:Magnets; D008863:Microspheres; D009408:Nerve Compression Syndromes / Q000601:surgery; D016067:Nerve Transfer; D060525:Pudendal Nerve / Q000601:surgery; D012051:Reimbursement Mechanisms; D013526:Surgical Mesh; D013979:Tibial Nerve
chemical_list: D003911:Dextrans; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid