title: Cochlear implantation in adolescents: Factors influencing compliance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To quantify rates of non- and partial-use of cochlear implants (CIs) in adolescent patients implanted in adolescence and childhood and identify factors influencing compliance.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective case note review undertaken at The Manchester Auditory Implant Centre. Adolescents were defined as young people aged 11-18 years. Individuals implanted in adolescence were defined as Group 1, individuals implanted in childhood under the age of 3 years and currently adolescents were defined as Group 2 and individuals implanted between the age of 3 and11 years and currently adolescents were defined as Group 3. Non-use was defined as not using the CI at all and partial use was defined as consistently using the CI less than full-time, or fluctuating periods of full and less than full-time use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In Group 1 there was 1 non-user (1.3%) and 11 partial-users (13.9%), with an overall non-compliance rate of 15.2%. In Group 2 there was one non-user (1.9%) and one partial-user (1.9%) with an overall non-compliance rate of 3.8%. In Group 3 there were no non-users and eight partial-users (9%), with an overall non-compliance rate of 9%. The factors influencing compliance differed between groups with the most common factor in Group 1 being a preference for the auditory input gained from the contralateral hearing aid (50%). In Groups 2 and 3 the main factors influencing compliance were behavioural and related to wearing the implant only at school (50 and 75%, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients implanted during adolescence have higher rates of non- and partial-use compared with their adolescent counterparts who have been implanted during childhood. It is important to investigate factors influencing non-compliance so appropriate support may be provided to the patient and their family.
authors.forename: Anne L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Markey
authors.forename: Jaya
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nichani
authors.forename: Morag
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lockley
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Melling
authors.forename: Richard T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Ramsden
authors.forename: Kevin M J
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: Iain A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Bruce
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019929:Cochlear Implantation / Q000523:psychology*; D003054:Cochlear Implants / Q000523:psychology*; D003638:Deafness / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006310:Hearing Aids / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000523:psychology*; D057240:Patient Preference; D012189:Retrospective Studies
keywords: Adolescent; Cochlear Implant; Non-use