title: Effects of compound K on hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: Compound K (CK) is a final metabolite of panaxadiol ginsenosides from Panax ginseng. Although anti-diabetic activity of CK has been reported in recent years, the molecular mechanism of CK in the treatment of diabetes mellitus remains unclear. In the present investigation, we established a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with insulin resistance using high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ), and attempted to verify more details and exact mechanisms in the treatment of T2DM. CK was administered orally at three doses [300, 100 and 30 mg/kg bodyweight (b.w.)] to the diabetic rats. Bodyweight, food-intake, fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting serum insulin (FINS), insulin sensitivity (ISI), total glycerin (TG), total cholesterol (TC), as well as oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were evaluated in normal and diabetic rats. According to our results, CK could improve bodyweight and food-intake of diabetic rats. CK exhibited dose-dependent reduction of FBG, TG and TC of diabetic rats. CK treatment also enhanced FINS and ISI. Meanwhile, the glucose tolerance observed in the present study was improved significantly by CK. It is concluded from the results that CK may have improving effects on hyperglycemia and insulin resistance of diabetic rats. Furthermore, research showed that CK could promote the expression of InsR, IRS1, PI3Kp85, pAkt and Glut4 in skeletal muscle tissue of diabetic rats. These results indicate that the hypoglycemic activity of CK is mediated by improvement of insulin sensitivity, which is closely related to PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, PR China; College of Basic Medical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, PR China. Electronic address: jiangshuang_2000@163.com.
authors.forename: Shuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130117, PR China.
authors.forename: Dayong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Department of Personnel, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, PR China.
authors.forename: Jianrui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, PR China; Biological Macromolecular Function Development and Application of Engineering Laboratory, Jilin, Jilin 132013, PR China.
authors.forename: Guangxin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, PR China; Biological Macromolecular Function Development and Application of Engineering Laboratory, Jilin, Jilin 132013, PR China.
authors.forename: Hongyu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, PR China.
authors.forename: Guangyu
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, PR China.
authors.forename: Peige
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, PR China. Electronic address: alp960@126.com.
authors.forename: Liping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: An
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D015394:Molecular Structure; D005894:Panax / Q000737:chemistry*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013311:Streptozocin
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D036145:Ginsenosides; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D008055:Lipids; D013311:Streptozocin; C004564:panaxadiol; C112772:ginsenoside compound K
keywords: Compound K; Hyperglycemia; Insulin resistance