title: Influence of smoking isolated and associated to multifactorial aspects in vocal acoustic parameters.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Smoking affect voice quality in a long period of time, but other factors may compromise it, such as professional using of voice, habits, alcohol dependence and GERD. The aim was associate the influence of these factors on vocal parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Contemporary cohort study with cross-sectional.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty adults of 35 to 60 years old had participated in this study, they had been divided into two groups, smokers (GF) and control (GC). There was application of questionnaire and voices were recorded. Praat software has been used for voice assessment and Man-Whitney, chi-square and logistic regression has been used for statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The GF had a higher incidence of alcohol dependence, coughing, throat clearing and professional voice using. Respecting to the acoustic parameters: noise-to-harmonic ratio (NHR), jitter and shimmer, the GF presented higher values. Relating these data to the questionnaire, it's noticed that female gender have influence over all acoustic parameters, GERD have influence over jitter and smoking can affect fundamental frequency, jitter, shimmer and NHR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Smoking interferes in acoustics parameters isolated and associated with alcohol dependence, GERD, cough, throat clearing, gender and professional using of voice.
authors.affiliation: Hospital Vera Cruz, CampinasSP, Brasil, Hospital Vera Cruz, Campinas, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Aline Gomes Lustosa
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Departamento de Oftalmologia e Otorrinolaringologia, CampinasSP, Brasil, Departamento de Oftalmologia e Otorrinolaringologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Agrício Nubiato
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Crespo
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Centro de Reabilitação, CampinasSP, Brasil, Centro de Reabilitação, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Lucia Figueiredo
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Mourão
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013061:Speech Acoustics; D013068:Speech Production Measurement; D014833:Voice Quality / Q000502:physiology*