title: Hill-type muscle model with serial damping and eccentric force-velocity relation.
abstract: Hill-type muscle models are commonly used in biomechanical simulations to predict passive and active muscle forces. Here, a model is presented which consists of four elements: a contractile element with force-length and force-velocity relations for concentric and eccentric contractions, a parallel elastic element, a series elastic element, and a serial damping element. With this, it combines previously published effects relevant for muscular contraction, i.e. serial damping and eccentric force-velocity relation. The model is exemplarily applied to arm movements. The more realistic representation of the eccentric force-velocity relation results in human-like elbow-joint flexion. The model is provided as ready to use Matlab and Simulink code.
authors.affiliation: Universität Stuttgart, Institut für Sport- und Bewegungswissenschaft, Allmandring 28, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. Electronic address: daniel.haeufle@inspo.uni-stuttgart.de.
authors.forename: D F B
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Haeufle
authors.affiliation: Universität Stuttgart, Institut für Sport- und Bewegungswissenschaft, Allmandring 28, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany; Friedrich Schiller Universität, Institut für Sportwissenschaft, Seidelstrasse 20, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Günther
authors.affiliation: Universität Stuttgart, Institut für Sport- und Bewegungswissenschaft, Allmandring 28, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bayer
authors.affiliation: Universität Stuttgart, Institut für Sport- und Bewegungswissenschaft, Allmandring 28, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany; Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart Research Centre for Simulation Technology (SRC SimTech), Pfaffenwaldring 5a, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schmitt
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001132:Arm / Q000502:physiology; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004548:Elasticity; D004550:Elbow / Q000502:physiology*; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D009068:Movement; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D012984:Software; D013314:Stress, Mechanical
keywords: Eccentric contraction; Force–velocity relation; Model; Multi-body simulation; Muscle; Serial damping