title: SLC26A2 disease spectrum in Sweden - high frequency of recessive multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (rMED).
abstract: Diastrophic dysplasia (DTD) is an autosomal recessive skeletal dysplasia caused by SLC26A2 mutations. Clinical features include short stature, joint contractures, spinal deformities, and cleft palate. SLC26A2 mutations also result in other skeletal dysplasias, including the milder recessive multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (rMED). DTD is overrepresented in Finland and we speculated that this may have influenced the prevalence and spectrum of SLC26A2-related skeletal conditions also in Sweden. We reviewed the patient registry at Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm to identify subjects with SLC26A2 mutations. Seven patients from six families were identified; clinical data were available for six patients. All but one patient had one or two copies of the Finnish SLC26A2 founder mutation IVS1+2T>C. Arg279Trp mutation was present in compound heterozygous form in five patients with phenotypes consistent with rMED. Their heights ranged from -2.6 to -1.4 standard deviation units below normal mean and radiographic features included generalised epiphyseal dysplasia and double-layered patellae. Two rMED patients had hypoplastic C2 and cervical kyphosis, a severe manifestation previously described only in DTD. Our study confirms a high prevalence of rMED in Sweden and expands the phenotypic manifestations of rMED.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mäkitie
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Geiberger
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Horemuzova
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hagenäs
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Moström
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nordenskjöld
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Grigelioniene
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nordgren
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D027321:Anion Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation; D010009:Osteochondrodysplasias / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics*; D010641:Phenotype; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D000076988:Sulfate Transporters; D013548:Sweden
chemical_list: D027321:Anion Transport Proteins; C089651:SLC26A2 protein, human; D000076988:Sulfate Transporters
keywords: SLC26A2; club foot; diastrophic dysplasia; double-layered patella; rMED; skeletal dysplasia