title: Influence of Mckenzie protocol and two modes of endurance exercises on health-related quality of life of patients with long-term mechanical low-back pain.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Long-term Mechanical Low-Back Pain (LMLBP) negatively impacts on patients' physical capacity and quality of life. This study investigated the relationship between Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) and pain intensity, and the influence of static and dynamic back extensors' endurance exercises on HRQoL in Nigerian patients with LMLBP treated with the McKenzie Protocol (MP).
  
  
  METHODS
  A single-blind controlled trial involving 84 patients who received treatment thrice weekly for eight weeks was conducted. Participants were assigned to the MP Group (MPG), MP plus Static Back Endurance Exercise Group (MPSBEEG) or MP plus Dynamic Endurance Exercise Group (MPDBEEG) using permuted randomization. HRQoL and pain was assessed using the Short-Form (SF-36) questionnaire and Quadruple Visual Analogue Scale respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty seven participants aged 51.8 ± 7.35 years completed the study. A total drop-out rate of 20.2% was observed in the study. Within-group comparison across weeks 0-4, 4-8 and 0-8 of the study revealed significant differences in HRQoL scores (p < 0.05). Treatment Effect Scores (TES) across the groups were significantly different (p = 0.001). MPSBEEG and MPDBEEG were comparable in TES on General Health Perception (GHP) at week 4; and GHP and Physical Functioning at week 8 respectively (p > 0.05). However, MPDEEG had significantly higher TES in the other domains of the SF-36 (p = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HRQoL in patients with LMLBP decreases with pain severity. Each of MP, static and dynamic back extensors endurance exercises significantly improved HRQoL in LMLBP. However, the addition of dynamic back extensors endurance exercise to MP led to greater improvement in HRQoL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Rehabilitation, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Chidozie Emmanuel
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Mbada
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Olusola
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ayanniyi
authors.affiliation: Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Samuel Olusegun
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Ogunlade
authors.affiliation: Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Elkanah Ayodele
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Orimolade
authors.affiliation: Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Ajibola Babatunde
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Oladiran
authors.affiliation: Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Abiola Oladele
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Ogundele
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009549:Nigeria; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology*; D011788:Quality of Life; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Mckenzie protocol; back pain; endurance exercises; quality of life