title: Evaluation of Forces Generated on Three Different Rotary File Systems in Apical Third of Root Canal using Finite Element Analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  AIM of the study is to evaluate the distribution of forces on the instrument in the apical 3rd of curved canal with three Nickel Titanium rotary systems.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three brands of instruments (ProTaper Universal; DENTSPLY Maillefer, RevoS; MicroMega and Hyflex; Coltene-Whaledent, Allstetten, Switzerland) were scanned with the Laser assisted computerized scanner to produce a real-size, 3-dimensional (3-D) model for each. The stresses on the instrument during simulated shaping of a root canal were analyzed numerically by using a 3-D finite element package, taking into account the nonlinear mechanical behavior of the nickel-titanium material.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RevoS shows lowest values for force generation in the apical 3rd of canal as compared to Protaper which shows highest values, while Hyflex shows intermediate values for forces.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With FE simulation of root canal shaping by 3 files, it was observed that different instrument designs would experience unequal degree of force generation in canal, as well as reaction torque from the root canal wall.
authors.affiliation: Professor, Vasantdada Patil Dental College and Hospital, Kavalapur Sangli- 416306, India .
authors.forename: Ashish
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Medha
authors.affiliation: Professor & Head, Vasantdada Patil Dental College and Hospital , Kavalapur, Sangli- 416306, India .
authors.forename: Suvarna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Patil
authors.affiliation: Professor, Vasantdada Patil Dental College and Hospital , Kavalapur, Sangli- 416306, India .
authors.forename: Upendra
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hoshing
authors.affiliation: Student, Vasantdada Patil Dental College and Hospital , Kavalapur, Sangli- 416306, India .
authors.forename: Siddhesh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bandekar
keywords: Finite element analysis; NiTi rotary files; Residual stresses; Screwing; Stress distribution