title: Phosphoryl-rich flame-retardant ions (FRIONs): towards safer lithium-ion batteries.
abstract: The functionalized catecholate, tetraethyl (2,3-dihydroxy-1,4-phenylene)bis(phosphonate) (H2 -DPC), has been used to prepare a series of lithium salts Li[B(DPC)(oxalato)], Li[B(DPC)2], Li[B(DPC)F2], and Li[P(DPC)3]. The phosphoryl-rich character of these anions was designed to impart flame-retardant properties for their use as potential flame-retardant ions (FRIONs), additives, or replacements for other lithium salts for safer lithium-ion batteries. The new materials were fully characterized, and the single-crystal structures of Li[B(DPC)(oxalato)] and Li[P(DPC)3] have been determined. Thermogravimetric analysis of the four lithium salts show that they are thermally stable up to around 200 °C. Pyrolysis combustion flow calorimetry reveals that these salts produce high char yields upon combustion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106 (USA).
authors.forename: Michael F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Rectenwald
authors.forename: Joshua R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Gaffen
authors.forename: Arnold L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Rheingold
authors.forename: Alexander B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Protasiewicz
keywords: flame retardant; lithium-ion battery; phosphorus; weakly coordinating anions