title: Trehalose-containing hydrocolloid edible films prepared in the presence of transglutaminase.
abstract: In this article, edible hydrocolloid films were prepared by using Citrus pectins and the protein phaseolin in the presence of microbial transglutaminase, an enzyme able to catalyze isopeptide bonds between endo-protein-reactive glutamine and lysine residues. For the first time, trehalose, a nonreducing homodisaccharide into which two glucose units are linked together by a α-1,1-glycosidic linkage, was used as a component of hydrocolloid films constituted of both proteins and carbohydrates. Our data have demonstrated that these films act as very effective barriers to gases, especially to CO2 . They also present a high antioxidant capability as measured by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging assay. In addition, the films were characterized using Atomic Force Microscopy, a powerful tool used to evaluate film surface topography and roughness. The results of our experiments clearly indicate that the trehalose-containing films prepared both in the presence and absence of transglutaminase are composed of nanoparticles with a smooth surface, having similar roughness values (Rα). In conclusion, according to barrier and antioxidant properties and to their structure, it is possible to consider the trehalose-containing films as innovative bioplastics potentially able to protect different kinds of foods.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 80126 Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: C Valeria L
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Giosafatto
authors.forename: Prospero
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Di Pierro
authors.forename: A Patrick
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Gunning
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mackie
authors.forename: Raffaele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Porta
authors.forename: Loredana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mariniello
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis; D002103:Cadaverine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry; D003102:Colloids / Q000737:chemistry*; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D055595:Mechanical Phenomena; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D010368:Pectins / Q000737:chemistry*; D011503:Transglutaminases / Q000378:metabolism*; D014199:Trehalose / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D003102:Colloids; D010368:Pectins; D014199:Trehalose; D011503:Transglutaminases; C008542:monodansylcadaverine; D002103:Cadaverine
keywords: antioxidant capability; barrier properties; edible films; microbial transglutaminase; trehalose