title: Protein carbonylation and heat shock proteins in human skeletal muscle: relationships to age and sarcopenia.
abstract: Aging is associated with a gradual loss of muscle mass termed sarcopenia, which has significant impact on quality-of-life. Because oxidative stress is proposed to negatively impact upon musculoskeletal aging, we investigated links between human aging and markers of oxidative stress, and relationships to muscle mass and strength in young and old nonsarcopenic and sarcopenic adults. Sixteen young and 16 old males (further subdivided into "old" and "old sarcopenic") were studied. The abundance of protein carbonyl adducts within skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic, myofibrillar, and mitochondrial protein subfractions from musculus vastus lateralis biopsies were determined using Oxyblot immunoblotting techniques. In addition, concentrations of recognized cytoprotective proteins (eg, heat shock proteins [HSP], αβ-crystallin) were also assayed. Aging was associated with increased mitochondrial (but not myofibrillar or sarcoplasmic) protein carbonyl adducts, independently of (stage-I) sarcopenia. Correlation analyses of all subjects revealed that mitochondrial protein carbonyl abundance negatively correlated with muscle strength ([1-repetition maximum], p = .02, r (2) = -.16), but not muscle mass (p = .13, r (2) = -.08). Abundance of cytoprotective proteins, including various HSPs (HSP 27 and 70), were unaffected by aging/sarcopenia. To conclude, these data reveal that mitochondrial protein carbonylation increases moderately with age, and that this increase may impact upon skeletal muscle function, but is not a hallmark of (stage-I) sarcopenia, per se.
authors.affiliation: Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Unit of Biology, Genetics and Biochemistry, University of Rome "ForoItalico," Italy.
authors.forename: Maria R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Beltran Valls
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Sciences & Graduate Entry Medicine, MRC-ARUK Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre.
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Wilkinson
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Sciences & Graduate Entry Medicine, MRC-ARUK Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre.
authors.forename: Marco V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Narici
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Sciences & Graduate Entry Medicine, MRC-ARUK Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre.
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Sciences & Graduate Entry Medicine, MRC-ARUK Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre.
authors.forename: Bethan E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.affiliation: Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Unit of Biology, Genetics and Biochemistry, University of Rome "ForoItalico," Italy.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Caporossi
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Sciences & Graduate Entry Medicine, MRC-ARUK Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre. Philip.atherton@nottingham.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Philip J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Atherton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D055551:HSP27 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008931:Mitochondria, Muscle; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D050050:Protein Carbonylation / Q000502:physiology*; D055948:Sarcopenia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D038203:alpha-Crystallin B Chain / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D055551:HSP27 Heat-Shock Proteins; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D038203:alpha-Crystallin B Chain
keywords: Carbonylation; Heat shock protein.; Mitochondria; Sarcopenia