title: Psychosocial Determinants of Health-Related Quality of Life of People Living with HIV/AIDS on Antiretroviral Therapy at Udupi District, Southern India.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Life expectancy of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) on antiretroviral therapy has appreciably increased. However, psychosocial challenges pose a great threat to their health-related quality of life (HRQOL). The aim of this study was to determine psychosocial factors influencing health-related quality of life of PLHA on antiretroviral therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was conducted using convenience sampling to select 226 PLHA at District hospital. Demographic information was collected using a semistructured questionnaire. HRQOL was assessed using WHOQOL-HIV Bref. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, CAGE scale, and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support were used. One-way ANOVA was applied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant difference in mean quality of life score with respect to level of anxiety in the physical (P < 0.001), psychological (P < 0.001), level of independence (P < 0.001), social relationships (P = 0.047), environment (P < 0.001), and spirituality domain (P < 0.001). Significant difference in mean quality of life score was observed with respect to level of depression in physical (P = 0.003), psychological (P = 0.036), level of independence (P = 0.017), social relationships (P = 0.019), and spirituality (P = 0.001). Friend support was positively associated with HRQOL in physical (P < 0.001), psychological (P < 0.001), level of independence (P = 0.013), social relationships (P < 0.001), environment (0.001), and spirituality domain (0.026). Family support was positively associated with HRQOL in physical (P = 0.001), psychological (P = 0.001), level of independence (P = 0.040), social relationships (P = 0.008), environment (0.001), and spirituality domain (0.026). A significant difference was observed with respect to affiliation to social organization in social relationships domain (P = 0.044).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Psychosocial challenges including anxiety, depression, and social support impact upon all domains of HRQOL of PLHA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Emanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Peter
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Ramachandra
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kamath
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Teddy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Andrews
authors.affiliation: ART Centre, District Hospital, Udupi District, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Belle Monappa
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Hegde
keywords: Antiretroviral therapy; health-related quality of life; one way ANOVA; people living with HIV/AIDS; psychosocial