title: Physiologically persistent Corpora lutea in Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) - longitudinal ultrasound and endocrine examinations intra-vitam.
abstract: Felids generally follow a poly-estrous reproductive strategy. Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) display a different pattern of reproductive cyclicity where physiologically persistent corpora lutea (CLs) induce a mono-estrous condition which results in highly seasonal reproduction. The present study was based around a sono-morphological and endocrine study of captive Eurasian lynx, and a control-study on free-ranging lynx. We verified that CLs persist after pregnancy and pseudo-pregnancy for at least a two-year period. We could show that lynx are able to enter estrus in the following year, while CLs from the previous years persisted in structure and only temporarily reduced their function for the period of estrus onset or birth, which is unique among felids. The almost constant luteal progesterone secretion (average of 5 ng/ml serum) seems to prevent folliculogenesis outside the breeding season and has converted a poly-estrous general felid cycle into a mono-estrous cycle specific for lynx. The hormonal regulation mechanism which causes lynx to have the longest CL lifespan amongst mammals remains unclear. The described non-felid like ovarian physiology appears to be a remarkably non-plastic system. The lynx's reproductive ability to adapt to environmental and anthropogenic changes needs further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department Reproduction Management and Reproduction Biology, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V., Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Painer
authors.affiliation: Department Reproduction Management and Reproduction Biology, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V., Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Katarina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jewgenow
authors.affiliation: Department Reproduction Management and Reproduction Biology, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V., Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dehnhard
authors.affiliation: Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Applied Ecology and Agricultural Sciences, Hedmark University College, Campus Evenstad, Elverum, Norway; Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Faculty of Forest Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Jon M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Arnemo
authors.affiliation: Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: John D C
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Linnell
authors.affiliation: Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Odden
authors.affiliation: Department Reproduction Management and Reproduction Biology, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V., Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Hildebrandt
authors.affiliation: Department Reproduction Management and Reproduction Biology, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V., Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Goeritz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003338:Corpus Luteum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D003340:Corpus Luteum Maintenance / Q000097:blood; D004967:Estrogens / Q000097:blood; D004971:Estrus / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D046008:Lynx / Q000502:physiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011453:Prostaglandins / Q000097:blood; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012621:Seasons; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D011453:Prostaglandins