title: Concurrent Presentation of Burning Mouth Syndrome and Globus Pharyngis in Enugu, Nigeria: A Ten-year Clinical Evaluation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review 22 patients with globus pharyngis among a group of 39 patients who presented with burning mouth syndrome and to highlight the clinical presentation and treatment outcome of these oropharyngeal symptoms, often ignored by practicing oral surgeons.
  
  
  METHODS
  We carried out a retrospective review of 39 patients with burning mouth syndrome seen at oral surgery units of three specialist hospitals in Enugu, Nigeria between 2001 and 2010. The focus was on the 22 of these patients with burning mouth syndrome and globus pharyngis (the persistent sensation of having phlegm, a pill or some other sort of obstruction in the throat when there is none). Relevant information included patients' oral habits and dental status, past medical history, sociodemographic data, onset of symptoms and treatment outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Amongst the 22 patients, 8 (36.4%) were males while 14 (63.6%) were females, giving a male to female ratio of 1:1.8. Of the 8 male patients, 3 (37.5%) were retrenched workers, 2 (25%) were drug addicts, 2 (25%) had a history of psychiatric problems and 1 (12.5%) had post-radiation therapy due to diagnosis of adenocystic carcinoma. Amongst the 14 female patients, 6 (42.8%) were divorcees, 3 (21.4%) were unemployed and unmarried, 2 (14.3%) had menopausal problems, 2 (14.3%) had dental prostheses and 1 (7.2%) had a history of mental disorder.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Globus pharyngis can present at the same time in some individuals with burning mouth syndrome. The emotional aetiological factor in this unusual ailment calls for proper examinations and a multidisciplinary approach in the management of patients who presented with burning mouth syndrome, especially with a history of depression.
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chukwuneke
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Akpe
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Okoye
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ekwueme
authors.forename: Anthonia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Obiakor
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Amobi
authors.forename: Doris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Egbunike
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001960:Bromazepam / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002054:Burning Mouth Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D002180:Candidiasis, Oral / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D003291:Conversion Disorder / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000150:complications; D008875:Middle Aged; D009549:Nigeria; D009761:Nystatin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009894:Opportunistic Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D010608:Pharyngeal Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012923:Social Class; D014147:Tramadol / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014478:Unemployment; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D009761:Nystatin; D014147:Tramadol; D001960:Bromazepam