title: High intraocular pressure is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in South Korean men: Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2008-2010.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) contributes to the progression of visual defects such as glaucoma. This study determined whether metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiovascular risk factors are associated with IOP in South Korean men.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed data on 4875 men who participated in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008-2010. We recorded the values for age, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin, homeostasis model assessment of estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), non-HDL-C (NHDL-C), and TG/HDL-C, as well as sociodemographic factors. IOP was measured using Goldmann applanation tonometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Weight, BMI, WC, SBP, DBP, FBG, insulin, HOMA-IR, TC, LDL-C, TG, NHDL-C, TG/HDL-C, and the prevalence of MetS differed significantly among the three groups with IOP (P<0.05). Mean IOP was higher in subjects who were obese and had hypertension, diabetes mellitus, MetS, abdominal obesity, high TG, high FBG, or high BP compared with normal subjects (P<0.005). Analysis using Pearson's correlation coefficient showed that all cardiometabolic risk factors were significantly associated with IOP (P<0.005), with the exception of WC and HDL-C. A multivariate linear regression analysis showed that IOP was positively correlated with BMI, SBP, DBP, FBG, HOMA-IR, TC, LDL-C, TG, NHDL-C, and TG/HDL-C after adjusting for all covariates (all P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cardiometabolic risk factors, including the components of MetS, are associated with increased IOP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Y-H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: G-E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Statistics, Catholic University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Do Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Bok
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Baek
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: K-H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Y S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: S-M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Catholic University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: S-Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Ju
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: D-H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D001824:Body Constitution; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000503:physiopathology; D009798:Ocular Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology*; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012307:Risk Factors; D014065:Tonometry, Ocular
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002784:Cholesterol