title: Early life conditions, adverse life events, and chewing ability at middle and later adulthood.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to determine the extent to which early life conditions and adverse life events impact chewing ability in middle and later adulthood.
  
  
  METHODS
  Secondary analyses were conducted based on data from waves 2 and 3 of the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), collected in the years 2006 to 2009 and encompassing information on current chewing ability and the life history of persons aged 50 years or older from 13 European countries. Logistic regression models were estimated with sequential inclusion of explanatory variables representing living conditions in childhood and adverse life events.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After controlling for current determinants of chewing ability at age 50 years or older, certain childhood and later life course socioeconomic, behavioral, and cognitive factors became evident as correlates of chewing ability at age 50 years or older. Specifically, childhood financial hardship was identified as an early life predictor of chewing ability at age 50 years or older (odds ratio = 1.58; 95% confidence interval = 1.22, 2.06).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings suggest a potential enduring impact of early life conditions and adverse life events on oral health in middle and later adulthood and are relevant for public health decision-makers who design strategies for optimal oral health.
authors.affiliation: Stefan Listl is with the Department of Conservative Dentistry, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, and the Munich Center for the Economics of Aging, Max-Planck-Institute for Social Law and Social Policy, Munich, Germany. Richard G. Watt and Georgios Tsakos are with the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Listl
authors.forename: Richard G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Watt
authors.forename: Georgios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tsakos
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging; D003071:Cognition; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008409:Mastication; D008875:Middle Aged; D009909:Oral Health; D009910:Oral Hygiene; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors