title: An evaluation of microbial profile in halitosis with tongue coating using PCR (polymerase chain reaction)- a clinical and microbiological study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Medline search using key words halitosis, tongue coating, polymerase chain reaction, microbial profile did not reveal any study. Hence, the purpose of the present investigation was to assess the malodor using the organoleptic method and tanita device; to quantify odoriferous microorganisms using Polymerase Chain Reaction technique in chronic periodontitis patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 30 chronic periodontitis patients. Halitosis was detected using organoleptic assessment & tanita breath alert. Microbial analysis of Pg, Tf & Fn was done using PCR. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), gingival bleeding index (GBI) were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The maximum score of 3 for tongue coating was found in 60% of selected subjects. The tanita breath alert measured VSC level of score 2 in 60% of selected subjects while organoleptic score of 4 was found in 50% of subjects. The maximum mean value of 31.1±36.5 was found to be of F. nucleatum (Fn) followed by P. gingivalis (Pg) (13±13.3) & T. forsythia (Tf) (7.16±8.68) in tongue samples of selected patients. A weak positive correlation was found between VSC levels (tanita score & organoleptic score) and clinical parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The halitosis assessment by measuring VSC levels using organoleptic method and tanita breath alert are clinically feasible. Maximum tongue coating was found in 60% of patients. Fn was found comparatively more than the Pg & Tf. A weak positive correlation was found between VSC levels and clinical parameters such as PI, GI & GBI. Thus,the dentist/ periodontist should emphasise on tongue cleaning measures that would reduce the odoriferous microbial load.
authors.affiliation: M.D.S, Department of Periodontics, College of Dental Sciences , Davangere, Karnataka, India .
authors.forename: Dinesh
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kamaraj R
authors.affiliation: Student, Department of Periodontics, College of Dental Sciences , Davangere, Karnataka, India .
authors.forename: Kala S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Bhushan
authors.affiliation: Senior Professor, Department of Periodontics, College of Dental Sciences , Davangere, Karnataka, India .
authors.forename: Vandana
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: K L
keywords: Chronic periodontitis; Halitosis; Organoleptic; Polymerase chain reaction