title: Effects of intraosseous and intravenous administration of Hextend® on time of administration and hemodynamics in a Swine model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The military recommends that a 500 mL bolus of Hextend® be administered via an intravenous (IV) 18-gauge needle or via an intraosseous (IO) needle for patients in hypovolemic shock.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purposes of this study were to compare the time of administration of Hextend and the hemodynamics of IV and IO routes in a Class II hemorrhage swine model.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was an experimental study using 27 swine. After 30% of their blood volume was exsanguinated, 500 mL of Hextend was administered IV or IO, but not to the control group. Hemodynamic data were collected every 2 minutes until administration was complete.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Time for administration was not significant (p=.78). No significant differences existed between the IO and IV groups relative to hemodynamics (p>.05), but both were significantly different than the control group (p<.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The IO route is an effective method of administering Hextend.
authors.forename: Don
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dial
authors.forename: Jake
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ard
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yourk
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Burke
authors.forename: Craig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Paine
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gegel
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Burgert
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D058734:Exsanguination / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D006895:Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D017148:Infusions, Intraosseous; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D010952:Plasma Substitutes / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D012769:Shock / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D013552:Swine; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D006895:Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives; D010952:Plasma Substitutes