title: The IOC consensus statement: beyond the Female Athlete Triad--Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S).
abstract: Protecting the health of the athlete is a goal of the International Olympic Committee (IOC). The IOC convened an expert panel to update the 2005 IOC Consensus Statement on the Female Athlete Triad. This Consensus Statement replaces the previous and provides guidelines to guide risk assessment, treatment and return-to-play decisions. The IOC expert working group introduces a broader, more comprehensive term for the condition previously known as 'Female Athlete Triad'. The term 'Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport' (RED-S), points to the complexity involved and the fact that male athletes are also affected. The syndrome of RED-S refers to impaired physiological function including, but not limited to, metabolic rate, menstrual function, bone health, immunity, protein synthesis, cardiovascular health caused by relative energy deficiency. The cause of this syndrome is energy deficiency relative to the balance between dietary energy intake and energy expenditure required for health and activities of daily living, growth and sporting activities. Psychological consequences can either precede RED-S or be the result of RED-S. The clinical phenomenon is not a 'triad' of the three entities of energy availability, menstrual function and bone health, but rather a syndrome that affects many aspects of physiological function, health and athletic performance. This Consensus Statement also recommends practical clinical models for the management of affected athletes. The 'Sport Risk Assessment and Return to Play Model' categorises the syndrome into three groups and translates these classifications into clinical recommendations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, , Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Margo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mountjoy
authors.forename: Jorunn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sundgot-Borgen
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Burke
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: Naama
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Constantini
authors.forename: Constance
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lebrun
authors.forename: Nanna
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sherman
authors.forename: Kathrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Steffen
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Budgett
authors.forename: Arne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ljungqvist
mesh_terms: D054874:Athletic Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000502:physiology; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D053716:Female Athlete Triad Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D020127:Recovery of Function; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013178:Sports Medicine
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents
keywords: Bone Mineral Density; Energy Stores, Energy Delivery and Substrate Utilisation During Exercise; Food Intake/Body Weight Regulation; Osteoporosis