title: Dynamic MRI of rat brain following manganese administration through the internal carotid artery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study, we investigated the dynamic distribution processes of Mn(2+) in rat brain using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after an intra-arterial (IA) injection of MnCl2 and following the breaking of the blood-brain barrier (BBB).
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were employed in the study. After the rats were anesthetized with urethane, 25% mannitol was administrated into the right internal carotid artery (ICA) in order to disrupt the BBB, 50 mmol/l (10 mg/kg) of MnCl2 was then injected into ICA prior to the MRI assay. The MRI was performed at 7 T for a continuous 2 hours following the administration of MnCl2. Image reconstruction and analysis were performed using the Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As time progressed, the Mn(2+) enhanced signal intensity showed a gradual increase with a maximum increase at 10 minutes following MnCl2 administration, and began to decline after 10 minutes. From 30 minutes to 2 hours, the signal-enhanced region became more homogeneous, and the signal-enhanced range spread to the contralateral area up to 2 hours after MnCl2 administration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results will help future research to select an appropriate time point to perform functional MRI for different types of activity-induced manganese (AIM) MRI research studies. These findings will allow researchers to discriminate intended, stimulation-specific enhanced signal from unintended, nonspecific enhanced signals.
authors.forename: Run
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zhiqiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fa
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Haitao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Shaorui
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xuxia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.forename: Xiaodan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000187:drug effects; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002343:Carotid Artery, Internal; D002491:Central Nervous System Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002712:Chlorides / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007269:Injections, Intra-Arterial; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008345:Manganese / Q000378:metabolism*; D017895:Manganese Compounds / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008353:Mannitol / Q000494:pharmacology; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012984:Software; D013997:Time Factors; D014520:Urethane / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; D002491:Central Nervous System Agents; D002712:Chlorides; D017895:Manganese Compounds; D014520:Urethane; D008353:Mannitol; D008345:Manganese; C025340:manganese chloride
keywords: Blood–brain barrier (BBB),; Dynamic MRI,; Internal carotid artery (ICA); Manganese,