title: Napping during breaks on night shift: critical care nurse managers' perceptions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fatigue associated with shiftwork can threaten the safety and health of nurses and the patients in their care. Napping during night shift breaks has been shown to be an effective strategy to decrease fatigue and enhance performance in a variety of work environments, but appears to have mixed support within health care.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to explore critical care unit managers'perceptions of and experiences with their nursing staff's napping practices on night shift, including their perceptions of the benefits and barriers to napping/not napping in terms of patient safety and nurses'personal health and safety.
  
  
  METHODS
  A survey design was used. Forty-seven Canadian critical care unit managers who were members of the Canadian Association of Critical Care Nurses responded to the web-based survey. Data analysis involved calculation of frequencies and percentages for demographic data, use of the Friedman rank test for comparison of managers' perceptions, and content analysis for responses to open-ended questions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The findings of this study offer valuable insights into the complexities and conflicts perceived by managers with respect to napping on night shift breaks by nursing staff Staff and patient health and safety issues, work and break expectations and experiences, and strengths and deficits related to organizational napping resources and policy are considerations that will be instrumental in the development of effective napping strategies and guidelines.
authors.forename: Marie P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: Diana E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: McMillan
authors.forename: Wendy M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Fallis
mesh_terms: D002170:Canada; D064648:Critical Care Nursing; D005221:Fatigue / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009551:Night Care; D009726:Nurses / Q000523:psychology*; D061214:Patient Safety; D011788:Quality of Life; D012890:Sleep; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014940:Work Schedule Tolerance