title: How many walking and cycling trips made by elderly are beyond commonly used buffer sizes: results from a GPS study.
abstract: In choosing appropriate buffer sizes to study environmental influences on physical activity, studies are hampered by insufficient insight into the distance elderly travel actively. This study aims at getting insight into the number of trips walked and cycled within various buffer sizes using GPS measures. Data were obtained from the Elderly And their Neighborhood study (Spijkenisse, the Netherlands (2011-2012)). Trip length and mode of transport were derived from the GPS data (N=120; total number of trips=337). Distance decay functions were fitted to estimate the percentage of trips to grocery stores within commonly used buffer sizes. Fifty percent of the trips walked had a distance of at least 729m; for trips cycled this was 1665m. Elderly aged under 75 years and those with functional limitations walked and cycled shorter distances than those over 75 years and those without functional limitations. Males cycled shorter distances than females. Distance decay functions may aid the selection of appropriate buffer sizes, which may be tailored to individual characteristics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: rick.prins@mrc-epid.cam.ac.uk.
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Prins
authors.affiliation: Department of Urban Environment and Safety, TNO, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pierik
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Etman
authors.affiliation: Department of Urban Environment and Safety, TNO, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Sterkenburg
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: C B M
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Kamphuis
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: van Lenthe
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001642:Bicycling / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004779:Environment Design; D005260:Female; D040362:Geographic Information Systems; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D012737:Sex Factors; D016138:Walking / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
keywords: Active transport; Buffer; Demographic differences; Distance; GIS