title: HLA polymorphism and susceptibility to end-stage renal disease in Cantonese patients awaiting kidney transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) is a worldwide public health problem. Currently, many genome-wide association studies have suggested a potential association between human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and ESRD by uncovering a causal relationship between HLA and glomerulonephritis. However, previous studies, which investigated the HLA polymorphism and its association with ESRD, were performed with the modest data sets and thus might be limited. On the other hand, few researches were conducted to tackle the Chinese population with ESRD. Therefore, this study aims to detect the susceptibilities of HLA polymorphism to ESRD within the Cantonese community, a representative southern population of China.
  
  
  METHODS
  From the same region, 4541 ESRD patients who were waiting for kidney transplantation and 3744 healthy volunteer bone marrow donors (controls) were randomly chosen for this study. Polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primer method was used to analyze the HLA polymorphisms (including HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-DRB1 loci) in both ESRD patients and controls. The frequencies of alleles at these loci and haplotypes were compared between ESRD patients and controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 88 distinct HLA alleles and 1361 HLA A-B-DRB1 haplotypes were detected. The frequencies of five alleles, HLA-A*24, HLA-B*55, HLA-B*54, HLA-B*40(60), HLA-DRB1*04, and one haplotype (HLA-A*11-B*27-DRB1*04) in ESRD patients are significantly higher than those in the controls, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Five HLA alleles and one haplotype at the HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-DRB1 loci appear to be associated with ESRD within the Cantonese population.
authors.affiliation: Division of Tissue Typing Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Qiong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Di
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jiangmei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: HLA High-Resolution Confirmatory Typing Laboratory, Shenzhen Blood Center, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Hongyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: HLA High-Resolution Confirmatory Typing Laboratory, Shenzhen Blood Center, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Yinze
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Division of Tissue Typing Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Division of Tissue Typing Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Zhimei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Division of Tissue Typing Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jiyuan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Pingyan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002681:China; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D015234:HLA-A Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D015235:HLA-B Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D059811:HLA-DRB1 Chains / Q000235:genetics*; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000235:genetics* / Q000601:surgery; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015234:HLA-A Antigens; D015235:HLA-B Antigens; D059811:HLA-DRB1 Chains