title: Gene profile in the spleen under massive partial hepatectomy using complementary DNA microarray and pathway analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In general, the spleen is one of the abdominal organs connected by the portal system, and a splenectomy improves hepatic functions in the settings of partial hepatectomy (Hx) for portal hypertensive cases or living donor liver transplantation with excessive portal vein flow. Those precise mechanisms remain still unclear; therefore, we investigated the DNA expression profile in the spleen after 90% Hx in rats using complementary DNA microarray and pathway analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Messenger RNAs (mRNAs) were prepared from three rat spleens at each time point (0, 3, and 6 h after 90% Hx). Using the gene chip, mRNA was hybridized to Affymetrix GeneChip Rat Genome 230 2.0 Array (Affymetrix®) and pathway analysis was done with Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA®).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We determined the 3-h or 6-h/0-h ratio to assess the influence of Hx, and cut-off values were set at more than 2.0-fold or less than 1/2 (0.5)-fold. Chemokine activity-related genes including Cxcl1 (GRO1) and Cxcl2 (MIP-2) related pathway were upregulated in the spleen. Also, immediate early response genes including early growth response-1 (EGR1), FBJ murine osteosarcoma (FOS) and activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) related pathway were upregulated in the spleen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We concluded that in the spleen the expression of numerous inflammatory-related genes would occur after 90% Hx. The spleen could take a harmful role and provide a negative impact during post Hx phase due to the induction of chemokine and transcription factors including GRO1 and EGR1.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Arakawa
authors.forename: Mitsuo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: Tohru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Utsunomiya
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Imura
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Morine
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ikemoto
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Mami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kanamoto
authors.forename: Shuichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iwahashi
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Chie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Takasu
mesh_terms: D051700:Activating Transcription Factor 3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D054360:Chemokine CXCL1; D054426:Chemokine CXCL2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018925:Chemokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051766:Early Growth Response Protein 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D063990:Gene Ontology; D006498:Hepatectomy / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics*; D013154:Spleen / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D059467:Transcriptome / Q000235:genetics*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D051700:Activating Transcription Factor 3; C497108:Atf3 protein, rat; D054360:Chemokine CXCL1; D054426:Chemokine CXCL2; D018925:Chemokines; C475895:Cxcl1 protein, mouse; C497325:EGR1 protein, human; D051766:Early Growth Response Protein 1; C486110:Egr1 protein, rat; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014157:Transcription Factors
keywords: EGR1; GRO1; massive hepatectomy; microarray; splenectomy