title: The effectiveness and safety of moxibustion for treating cancer-related fatigue: a systematic review and meta-analyses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Among cancer patients, cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is one of the most common symptoms and adversely affects physical ability and quality of life even several years after treatment. This study aims to evaluate the current evidence for moxibustion in patients with CRF.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen databases were searched from their inception to April 2013. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of moxibustion for treating CRF without language restriction were considered for inclusion. The risk of bias and reporting quality of each study were assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool, Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT), and Revised Standards for Reporting Interventions in Clinical Trials of Acupuncture (STRICTA). Risk ratio (RR) or mean difference (MD) was used to measure the treatment effect with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) in a random effects model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four RCTs with a total of 374 subjects were included for the review. These four studies compared moxibustion plus routine care with routine care alone. Most studies were determined to have a moderate to high risk of bias with low reporting quality. An indirect moxa stick was used in two studies, an indirect ginger cake-separated moxa was used in one study, and in one remaining study, both moxibustion methods were used. Meta-analysis showed the favorable effects of moxibustion on the response rate (RR, 1.73; 95 % CI, 1.29 to 2.32; p=.0003; heterogeneity, I (2)=15 %, p=.32). Burning with a mild blister after moxibustion was reported in one study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because of a high risk of bias and low reporting quality of the studies included in this review, it is difficult to draw the conclusion that moxibustion is an effective and safe treatment for patients with CRF. Further rigorous research will be necessary to evaluate whether moxibustion has beneficial effects on CRF.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  PROSPERO. Unique identifier: CRD42013004501.
authors.affiliation: Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Seunghoon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ui Min
authors.initials: UM
authors.lastname: Jerng
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jung Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Dongwoo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.forename: Jae-dong
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D015670:Acupuncture Therapy / Q000379:methods; D005221:Fatigue / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D009071:Moxibustion / Q000379:methods*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic