title: Irisin levels during pregnancy and changes associated with the development of preeclampsia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Irisin is a recently discovered adipomyokine that regulates the differentiation and phenotype of adipose tissue.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In this study, we investigated the levels of irisin over the three trimesters of gestation in healthy and preeclamptic women and during the follicular and luteal phase of the menstrual cycle in a cohort of healthy eumenoherric women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum irisin was measured by an ELISA in a longitudinal prospective cohort study in 40 healthy pregnant women, 10 mild preeclamptic women, and 20 healthy eumenoherric women during the menstrual cycle to assess irisin levels and correlations with other metabolic parameters. We identified the protein expression of fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5, the irisin precursor, in human placenta using immunohistochemical approaches in humans.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum irisin levels are higher in the luteal than in the follicular phase in eumenorrheic women. Fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5, the irisin precursor, is expressed in human placenta, and its serum levels are higher during the entire pregnancy when compared with nonpregnant women. Serum irisin correlates positively with the homeostasis model assessment of estimated insulin resistance in the first trimester of normal pregnancy. Serum irisin levels do not change throughout gestation in preeclamptic women; however, there were lower irisin levels during the third trimester when compared with the normal pregnant group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that irisin may be involved in reproductive function and in the pregnancy-associated metabolic changes, and this condition may be an irisin-resistant state during gestation.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Physiology (M.F.G., J.J.P., C.E.R.-L., A.R.L., N.E.P., A.L.T.-S., E.S., J.E.C.), Pathology (A.Y.S.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology (E.A.-M., A.I.R.-P.) and Institute of Clinical Investigations (J.H.E.-S., P.A., A.I.R.-P.), School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; Department of Physiology, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS) (C.D., R.N., J.E.C.), School of Medicine-Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (C.D., R.N.), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: María F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Garcés
authors.forename: Jhon J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Peralta
authors.forename: Carlos E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Linares
authors.forename: Ana R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Lozano
authors.forename: Natalia E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Poveda
authors.forename: Alejandra L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Torres-Sierra
authors.forename: Javier H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Eslava-Schmalbach
authors.forename: Juan P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Alzate
authors.forename: Angel Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Sánchez
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sanchez
authors.forename: Edith
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Angel-Müller
authors.forename: Ariel I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Ruíz-Parra
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Diéguez
authors.forename: Rubén
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nogueiras
authors.forename: Jorge E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Caminos
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000097:blood; D010920:Placenta / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000097:blood*; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000097:blood*; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; C577593:FNDC5 protein, human; D005353:Fibronectins; D011374:Progesterone