title: Exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke and lung cancer by histological type: a pooled analysis of the International Lung Cancer Consortium (ILCCO).
abstract: While the association between exposure to secondhand smoke and lung cancer risk is well established, few studies with sufficient power have examined the association by histological type. In this study, we evaluated the secondhand smoke-lung cancer relationship by histological type based on pooled data from 18 case-control studies in the International Lung Cancer Consortium (ILCCO), including 2,504 cases and 7,276 control who were never smokers and 10,184 cases and 7,176 controls who were ever smokers. We used multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, smoking status, pack-years of smoking, and study. Among never smokers, the odds ratios (OR) comparing those ever exposed to secondhand smoke with those never exposed were 1.31 (95% CI: 1.17-1.45) for all histological types combined, 1.26 (95% CI: 1.10-1.44) for adenocarcinoma, 1.41 (95% CI: 0.99-1.99) for squamous cell carcinoma, 1.48 (95% CI: 0.89-2.45) for large cell lung cancer, and 3.09 (95% CI: 1.62-5.89) for small cell lung cancer. The estimated association with secondhand smoke exposure was greater for small cell lung cancer than for nonsmall cell lung cancers (OR=2.11, 95% CI: 1.11-4.04). This analysis is the largest to date investigating the relation between exposure to secondhand smoke and lung cancer. Our study provides more precise estimates of the impact of secondhand smoke on the major histological types of lung cancer, indicates the association with secondhand smoke is stronger for small cell lung cancer than for the other histological types, and suggests the importance of intervention against exposure to secondhand smoke in lung cancer prevention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology Fielding School of Public Health, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), 71-225 CHS, 650 Charles E Young Drive, South, Los Angeles, CA.
authors.forename: Claire H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yuan-Chin Amy
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Rayjean J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.forename: Sheila R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: McNallan
authors.forename: Michele L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Cote
authors.forename: Wei-Yen
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Shen-Chih
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Jin Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Donatella
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ugolini
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Triantafillos
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liloglou
authors.forename: Angeline S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Andrew
authors.forename: Tracy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Onega
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Duell
authors.forename: John K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Field
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lazarus
authors.forename: Loic
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Le Marchand
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Neri
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vineis
authors.forename: Chikako
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kiyohara
authors.forename: Yun-Chul
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Hal
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Morgenstern
authors.forename: Keitaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsuo
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tajima
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Christiani
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: McLaughlin
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bencko
authors.forename: Ivana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Holcatova
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boffetta
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brennan
authors.forename: Eleonora
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fabianova
authors.forename: Lenka
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Foretova
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Janout
authors.forename: Jolanta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lissowska
authors.forename: Dana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mates
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rudnai
authors.forename: Neonila
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Szeszenia-Dabrowska
authors.forename: Anush
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mukeria
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zaridze
authors.forename: Adeline
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Seow
authors.forename: Ann G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Zuo-Feng
authors.initials: ZF
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000209:etiology; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000209:etiology*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000209:etiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D055752:Small Cell Lung Carcinoma / Q000209:etiology*; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution
keywords: International Lung Cancer Consortium; environmental tobacco smoke; involuntary smoking; lung cancer; secondhand smoke