title: Hours of television viewing and sleep duration in children: a multicenter birth cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study used longitudinal data to examine potential associations between hours of television viewing and sleep duration in children.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association between hours of television viewing and sleep duration in preschool and school-aged children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Longitudinal, multicenter study among birth cohorts in Menorca, Sabadell, and Valencia from the Spanish Infancia y Medio Ambiente (environment and childhood) project. The study sample included 1713 children (468 from Menorca, 560 from Sabadell, and 685 from Valencia).
  
  
  METHODS
  Parent-reported child television viewing duration measured in hours per day at 2 and 4 years of age in Sabadell and Valencia and at 6 and 9 years of age in Menorca.
  
  
  METHODS
  Parent-reported child sleep duration measured in hours per day at 2 and 4 years of age in Sabadell and Valencia and at 6 and 9 years of age in Menorca.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In cross-sectional analysis, children with longer periods of television viewing reported at baseline (≥ 1.5 hours per day) had shorter sleep duration. Longitudinally, children with reported increases in television viewing duration over time (from <1.5 to ≥ 1.5 hours per day) had a reduction in sleep duration at follow-up visits. Results were similar when examining television viewing duration as a continuous variable, with each 1 hour per day of increased viewing decreasing sleep duration at follow-up visits (β = -0.11; 95% CI, -0.18 to -0.05). Associations were similar when television viewing duration was assessed during weekends and after adjusting for potential intermediate factors (child executive function and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms) and confounders (child physical activity level, parental mental health status, maternal IQ, and maternal marital status).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children spending longer periods watching television had shorter sleep duration. Changes in television viewing duration were inversely associated with changes in sleep duration in longitudinal analysis. Parents should consider avoiding long periods of daily television exposure among preschool and school-aged children.
authors.affiliation: Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, Barcelona, Spain2Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain3Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Marcella
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marinelli
authors.affiliation: Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, Barcelona, Spain2Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain3Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health, Barcelona, Spain4Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, P.
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sunyer
authors.affiliation: Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, Barcelona, Spain3Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Mar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alvarez-Pedrerol
authors.affiliation: Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health, Barcelona, Spain5Unit of Environment and Health, Center for Public Health Research, Valencia, Spain6University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Iñiguez
authors.affiliation: Ib-Salut, Àrea de Salut de Menorca, Menorca, Spain.
authors.forename: Maties
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Torrent
authors.affiliation: Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health, Barcelona, Spain8Miguel Hernández University, Alicante, Spain.
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vioque
authors.affiliation: Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, Barcelona, Spain3Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Michelle C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.affiliation: Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, Barcelona, Spain2Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain3Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Julvez
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D012890:Sleep; D013030:Spain; D013690:Television / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013997:Time Factors