title: Use of modified acute concussion evaluation tools in the emergency department.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Accurate recognition of pediatric concussion in the emergency department (ED) is important to ensure appropriate management for safe recovery. The study objective was to determine whether the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Acute Concussion Evaluation (ACE) tools, modified for ED use, improved patient follow-up and post-injury behaviors.
  
  
  METHODS
  The original ACE tools (ACE, ACE Care Plan) were modified for ED use via Delphi methodology with an expert panel and implemented in 2 urban pediatric EDs for patients aged 5 to 21 years evaluated within 24 hours of a head injury. Pre- (February 2009 to July 2009) and post- (December 2009 to June 2010) implementation, patient phone surveys were conducted 1, 2, and 4 weeks after ED discharge. Reported rates of patient follow-up and recovery measures were analyzed. ED clinician adherence was assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the study, 164 patients were enrolled pre-implementation and 190 post-implementation. The mean patient age was 10.6 years (SD, 3.7); 65% were males, 49% were African American, and 46% were Caucasian. Post-implementation, 58% of patients received the modified ACE diagnostic tool and 84% received the modified ACE discharge instructions. Follow-up was improved at all time points (32% vs 61% at week 4; P < .001; odds ratio, 3.4; 95% confidence interval, 2.1-5.4). Post-implementation, parental recall of discharge instructions was significantly increased, patient's mean total post-concussion symptom score was significantly higher, and report of return to normal activity was significantly longer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ACE tools, modified for ED use, were successfully implemented in the pediatric ED. Post-implementation, increased patient follow-up and improved recall of and adherence to ED discharge recommendations was demonstrated.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, and.
authors.forename: Noel S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Zuckerbraun
authors.forename: Shireen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Atabaki
authors.forename: Michael W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.forename: Danny
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Gerard A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Gioia
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D001924:Brain Concussion / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002648:Child; D003943:Diagnostic Techniques, Neurological; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010351:Patient Discharge
keywords: brain concussion; emergency medicine; mild traumatic brain injury; pediatrics