title: An unforgettable event: a qualitative study of the 1997-98 El Niño in northern Peru.
abstract: During the 1997-98 El Niño, Tumbes, Peru received 16 times the annual average rainfall. This study explores how Tumbes residents perceived the impact of the El Niño event on basic necessities, transport, health care, jobs and migration. Forty-five individuals from five rural communities, some of which were isolated from the rest of Tumbes during the event, participated in five focus groups; six of these individuals constructed nutrition diaries. When asked about events in the past 20 years, participants identified the 1997-98 El Niño as a major negative event. The El Niño disaster situation induced a decrease in access to transport and health care and the rise in infectious diseases was swiftly contained. Residents needed more time to rebuild housing; recover agriculture, livestock and income stability; and return to eating sufficient animal protein. Although large-scale assistance minimized effects of the disaster, residents needed more support. Residents' perspectives on their risk of flooding should be considered in generating effective assistance policies and programmes.
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor in the Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States, and an Associated Researcher at the Facultad de Salud Pública y Administración, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
authors.forename: Angela M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Bayer
authors.forename: Heather E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Danysh
authors.forename: Mijail
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Garvich
authors.forename: Guillermo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gonzálvez
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Checkley
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Gilman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004190:Disasters; D059000:El Nino-Southern Oscillation; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020380:Needs Assessment; D010568:Peru; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012066:Relief Work / Q000458:organization & administration*; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
keywords: El Niño; Peru; climate change; floods; qualitative research