title: Ham particle size influences saltiness perception in flans.
abstract: One major issue of the food industry is reducing sodium content while maintaining food acceptability and liking. Despite extensive research in this field, little has been published on real complex food products. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the size of particles, a parameter easily adjusted in food processing, could influence the salty taste of low-salt food product. We thus evaluated the effect of ham particle sizes (4 levels, including a zero level) on salt perception and the consumer liking of flans varying in their overall salt concentrations (low- and high-salt content). Two consumer panels, composed of 107 and 77 subjects, rated, respectively, the saltiness of and liking for the developed flans (8 samples). The outcomes of this study indicated first, that the addition of ham to flans increased the salty taste perception and second, that a decrease in ham particle size (ground ham) increased the perceived saltiness. Moreover, low- and high-salt flans were equally liked, demonstrating that food manufacturers could reduce the salt contents (here, by over 15%) while maintaining consumer acceptability through the manipulation of the size of the salt-providing particles.
authors.affiliation: CNRS, UMR6265 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, F-21000 Dijon, France; INRA, UMR1324 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, F-21000, Dijon, France; Univ. de Bourgogne, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation F-21000 Dijon, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Emorine
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Septier
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Thomas-Danguin
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Salles
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D003258:Consumer Behavior; D004039:Diet, Sodium-Restricted; D005511:Food Handling; D005518:Food Preferences; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis*; D010316:Particle Size; D012492:Salts; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary; D012982:Sodium, Dietary; D013552:Swine; D013649:Taste; D055697:Taste Perception
chemical_list: D012492:Salts; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary; D012982:Sodium, Dietary
keywords: heterogeneous food products; liking; salt distribution; salt reduction; saltiness enhancement; taste-aroma interaction