title: Combined ultrasonic and bioleaching treatment of hospital waste incinerator bottom ash with simultaneous extraction of selected metals.
abstract: The mineralogy, as well as elemental composition, of the incinerated hospital waste (HW) ashes are not well known and need to be investigated for the safe handling and disposal of such ash. A study was conducted to investigate the chemical composition, mineralogy and bioleaching of selected metals from incinerated HW bottom ash using Aspergillus niger under the combined effect ofultrasonic radiation. Different techniques were utilized to determine the elemental composition (Electron Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy [EDX], atomic absorption spectrophotometry, inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible light spectrophotometer) and mineralogy (X-ray Diffraction) of the raw sample, as well as the bioleached samples. Chemical leaching tests were performed to determine the effect of different organic acids on metals dissolution. Microbes were tested for acid production and leaching capabilities of selected metals from medical waste (MW) bottom ash. Wet chemical and EDX analyses showed that the ash was enriched with metallic elements like Na, K, Ca, Fe and Al with a concentration range of 22-115 (g/kg). Furthermore, the ash contained heavy metals such as Cu, Cr, Ni, Sn and Ti in the range of 0.51-21.74 (mg/kg). Citric and oxalic acids generated by fungi could be important leaching agents acting to dissolve these metals. Under ultrasonic treatment, metals dissolution by the acidic metabolites was at its maximum after just 9 d of leaching. The results showed that the dissolution of metals was much higher in citric and oxalic acid than with other acids. Extraction of metals from incinerated MW ash indicated that this ash may be a potential source of metals in the future.
authors.affiliation: Bioanalytical Lab, Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Fozia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Anjum
authors.affiliation: Bioassays Section, PMBL, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University ofAgriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shahid
authors.affiliation: Bioanalytical Lab, Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: ShaziaAnwer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bukhari
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, Wits 2050, South Africa.
authors.forename: J Herman
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Potgieter
mesh_terms: D001234:Aspergillus niger / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D060729:Coal Ash / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000528:radiation effects; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources / Q000379:methods*; D017745:Incineration / Q000379:methods*; D008506:Medical Waste / Q000517:prevention & control; D017744:Medical Waste Disposal / Q000379:methods*; D008670:Metals / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D013010:Sonication / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D060729:Coal Ash; D008506:Medical Waste; D017744:Medical Waste Disposal; D008670:Metals