title: Attitudes towards non-invasive prenatal testing for aneuploidy among US adults of reproductive age.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine how adults in the United States view non-invasive prenatal testing using cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA testing) in order to help estimate uptake.
  
  
  METHODS
  A national sample of 1861 US-based adults was surveyed using a validated online survey instrument. The survey was administered by a commercial survey research company. Respondents were randomized to receive a survey about prenatal testing for trisomy 13 and 18 or trisomy 21. Participants were asked to select among testing modalities, including cffDNA testing, and rank the features of testing that they considered most important to decision making.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was substantive interest in the use of cffDNA testing rather than traditional screening mechanisms, with a minority of respondents reporting that they would support the use of both methods in combination. The lower rates of false-negative and false-positive test results and the ability to use the test earlier in the pregnancy were the most highly rated benefits of cffDNA testing. Participants expressed strong support for diagnostic confirmation via invasive testing after a positive result from either screening or cffDNA testing. However, almost one-third of participants reported that they would not endorse the use of either invasive or non-invasive prenatal testing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There appears to be support for uptake of non-invasive prenatal tests. Clinical guidelines should therefore go forward in providing guidance on how to integrate non-invasive methods into the current standard of care. However, our findings indicate that even when accuracy, which is rated by patients as the most important aspect of prenatal testing, is significantly improved over existing screening methods and testing is offered non-invasively, the number of individuals who reported that they would decline any testing remained the same. Attention should therefore be directed at ensuring that the right of informed refusal of prenatal testing is not impacted by new, non-invasive methods.
authors.affiliation: Science & Society, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Allyse
authors.affiliation: Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Sayres
authors.affiliation: Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Goodspeed
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics, Stanford Center for Biomedical Ethics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Cho
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000782:Aneuploidy; D001294:Attitude to Health; D002474:Cell-Free System; D005260:Female; D005820:Genetic Testing / Q000379:methods*; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult