title: Bilateral priming before wii-based movement therapy enhances upper limb rehabilitation and its retention after stroke: a case-controlled study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Motor deficits after a stroke are thought to be compounded by the development of asymmetric interhemispheric inhibition. Bilateral priming was developed to rebalance this asymmetry and thus improve therapy efficacy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the effect of bilateral priming before Wii-based Movement Therapy to improve rehabilitation after stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten patients who had suffered a stroke (age, 23-77 years; 3-123 months after stroke) underwent a 14-day program of Wii-based Movement Therapy for upper limb rehabilitation. Formal Wii-based Movement Therapy sessions were immediately preceded by 15 minutes of bilateral priming, whereby active flexion-extension of the less affected wrist drove mirror-symmetric passive movements of the more affected wrist through a custom device. Functional movement was assessed at weeks 0 (before therapy), 3 (after therapy), and 28 (follow-up) using the Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT), upper limb Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), upper limb range of motion, and Motor Activity Log (MAL). Case-matched controls were patients who had suffered a stroke who received Wii-based Movement Therapy but not bilateral priming.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Upper limb functional ability improved for both groups on all measures tested. Posttherapy improvement on the FMA for primed patients was twice that of the unprimed patients (37.3% vs 14.6%, respectively) and was significantly better maintained at 28 weeks (P = .02). Improvements on the WMFT and MAL were similar for both groups, but the pattern of change in range of motion was strikingly different.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bilateral priming before Wii-based Movement Therapy led to a greater magnitude and retention of improvement compared to control, especially measured with the FMA. These data suggest that bilateral priming can enhance the efficacy of Wii-based Movement Therapy, particularly for patients with low motor function after a stroke.
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Research Australia and the University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Christine T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Shiner
authors.affiliation: Centre for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Winston D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Byblow
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Research Australia and the University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia p.mcnulty@neura.edu.au.
authors.forename: Penelope A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: McNulty
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D009128:Muscle Spasticity / Q000209:etiology; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018910:Video Games; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: brain priming; cortical excitability; interhemispheric inhibition; rehabilitation; upper limb