title: Evolution of microstructure and residual stress under various vibration modes in 304 stainless steel welds.
abstract: Simultaneous vibration welding of 304 stainless steel was carried out with an eccentric circulating vibrator and a magnetic telescopic vibrator at subresonant (362 Hz and 59.3 Hz) and resonant (376 Hz and 60.9 Hz) frequencies. The experimental results indicate that the temperature gradient can be increased, accelerating nucleation and causing grain refinement during this process. During simultaneous vibration welding primary δ -ferrite can be refined and the morphologies of retained δ-ferrite become discontinuous so that δ-ferrite contents decrease. The smallest content of δ-ferrite (5.5%) occurred using the eccentric circulating vibrator. The diffraction intensities decreased and the FWHM widened with both vibration and no vibration. A residual stress can obviously be increased, producing an excellent effect on stress relief at a resonant frequency. The stress relief effect with an eccentric circulating vibrator was better than that obtained using a magnetic telescopic vibrator.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-Kuang Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chih-Chun
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2383-2988
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-Kuang Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Peng-Shuen
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-Kuang Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jia-Siang
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-Kuang Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Weite
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6702-9850
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D006245:Hardness Tests; D013057:Spectrum Analysis; D013193:Stainless Steel / Q000592:standards*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013696:Temperature; D014732:Vibration; D014896:Welding / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D005290:Ferric Compounds; D013193:Stainless Steel; C001215:ferrite