title: Superficial mycoses at the Hospital do Servidor Público Municipal de São Paulo between 2005 and 2011.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Superficial mycoses are fungal infections limited to the outermost layers of the skin. Dermatophytic filamentous fungi and yeasts are the major causative agents of these mycoses. Dermatophytosis is one of the clinical conditions caused by fungal infections most commonly found in dermatological practice. Thus, knowledge of the ecology of dermatophytes provides a better understanding of the natural history of dermatophytosis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to investigate epidemiological and mycological features of superficial mycoses diagnosed from 2005 to 2011 in the Dermatology Clinic of the Hospital do Servidor Público Municipal de São Paulo, Brazil.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective study was conducted in the Laboratory of Medical Mycology at the Dermatology Clinic of the Hospital do Servidor Público Municipal de São Paulo. Mycological examinations of 9042 patients with clinical suspicion of superficial mycoses performed between 2005 and 2011 were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 9042 direct microscopic examinations, 2626 (29%) were positive for dermatophytes, 205 (2.3%) were positive for Malassezia, 191 (2.1%) were positive for other types of yeast, 48 (0.5%) were positive for bacteria, and 5972 (66%) were negative. Mean age of patients was 48 years, 6920 (77%) patients were female and 2112 (23%) were male.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The biota consisted of six dermatophyte species: T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, M. gypseum, T. tonsurans, E. floccosum, and M. canis. The most common site of involvement was the nail and foot in adults and scalp in children, with a female predominance. Both Candida and Malassezia were more prevalent in adult women, the former most commonly affecting the interdigital region and nails and the latter the chest and neck.
authors.affiliation: Hospital do Servidor Público Municipal de São Paulo, Department of Dermatology, São PauloSP, Brazil, PhD - Head of the Department of Dermatology, Hospital do Servidor Público Municipal de São Paulo (HSPM), São Paulo (SP), Brazil.
authors.forename: Nilton
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Di Chiacchio
authors.affiliation: Hospital do Servidor Público Municipal de São Paulo, São PauloSP, Brazil, Dermatologist - Hospital do Servidor Público Municipal de São Paulo (HSPM), São Paulo (SP), Brazil.
authors.forename: Celso Luiz
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Madeira
authors.affiliation: Hospital do Servidor Público Municipal de São Paulo, São PauloSP, Brazil, Dermatologist - Hospital do Servidor Público Municipal de São Paulo (HSPM), São Paulo (SP), Brazil.
authors.forename: Caio Rosa
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Humaire
authors.affiliation: Dermatologist - Private Clinic, São Paulo (SP), Brazil.
authors.forename: Camila Simon
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Dermatologist - Private Clinic, Brasília (DF), Brazil.
authors.forename: Lucia Helena Gomes
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.affiliation: Hospital do Servidor Público Municipal de São Paulo, Department of Dermatology, São PauloSP, Brazil, Biologist - Department of Dermatology, Hospital do Servidor Público Municipal de São Paulo (HSPM), São Paulo (SP), Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Lucia
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Dos Reis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003881:Dermatomycoses / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006779:Hospitals, Public / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009262:Nails / Q000382:microbiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012867:Skin / Q000382:microbiology; D015003:Yeasts / Q000302:isolation & purification; D055815:Young Adult