title: Paleo-evolutionary plasticity of plant disease resistance genes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The recent access to a large set of genome sequences, combined with a robust evolutionary scenario of modern monocot (i.e. grasses) and eudicot (i.e. rosids) species from their founder ancestors, offered the opportunity to gain insights into disease resistance genes (R-genes) evolutionary plasticity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We unravel in the current article (i) a R-genes repertoire consisting in 7883 for monocots and 15758 for eudicots, (ii) a contrasted R-genes conservation with 23.8% for monocots and 6.6% for dicots, (iii) a minimal ancestral founder pool of 384 R-genes for the monocots and 150 R-genes for the eudicots, (iv) a general pattern of organization in clusters accounting for more than 60% of mapped R-genes, (v) a biased deletion of ancestral duplicated R-genes between paralogous blocks possibly compensated by clusterization, (vi) a bias in R-genes clusterization where Leucine-Rich Repeats act as a 'glue' for domain association, (vii) a R-genes/miRNAs interome enriched toward duplicated R-genes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Together, our data may suggest that R-genes family plasticity operated during plant evolution (i) at the structural level through massive duplicates loss counterbalanced by massive clusterization following polyploidization; as well as at (ii) the regulation level through microRNA/R-gene interactions acting as a possible source of functional diploidization of structurally retained R-genes duplicates. Such evolutionary shuffling events leaded to CNVs (i.e. Copy Number Variation) and PAVs (i.e. Presence Absence Variation) between related species operating in the decay of R-genes colinearity between plant species.
authors.forename: Rongzhi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Florent
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Murat
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pont
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Langin
authors.affiliation: INRA/UBP UMR 1095 GDEC 'Génétique, Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales', 5 chemin de Beaulieu, 63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France. jsalse@clermont.inra.fr.
authors.forename: Jerome
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salse
mesh_terms: D060467:Disease Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D020440:Gene Duplication; D018745:Genome, Plant; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000378:metabolism; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000235:genetics*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D010944:Plants / Q000235:genetics*; D011123:Polyploidy
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs; D010940:Plant Proteins