title: Fibroblast proliferation alters cardiac excitation conduction and contraction: a computational study.
abstract: In this study, the effects of cardiac fibroblast proliferation on cardiac electric excitation conduction and mechanical contraction were investigated using a proposed integrated myocardial-fibroblastic electromechanical model. At the cellular level, models of the human ventricular myocyte and fibroblast were modified to incorporate a model of cardiac mechanical contraction and cooperativity mechanisms. Cellular electromechanical coupling was realized with a calcium buffer. At the tissue level, electrical excitation conduction was coupled to an elastic mechanics model in which the finite difference method (FDM) was used to solve electrical excitation equations, and the finite element method (FEM) was used to solve mechanics equations. The electromechanical properties of the proposed integrated model were investigated in one or two dimensions under normal and ischemic pathological conditions. Fibroblast proliferation slowed wave propagation, induced a conduction block, decreased strains in the fibroblast proliferous tissue, and increased dispersions in depolarization, repolarization, and action potential duration (APD). It also distorted the wave-front, leading to the initiation and maintenance of re-entry, and resulted in a sustained contraction in the proliferous areas. This study demonstrated the important role that fibroblast proliferation plays in modulating cardiac electromechanical behaviour and which should be considered in planning future heart-modeling studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, the University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia.
authors.forename: He-qing
authors.initials: HQ
authors.lastname: Zhan
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Guo-fa
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Shou
authors.forename: Yun-liang
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Zang
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Crozier
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*