title: DEA 1 expression on dog erythrocytes analyzed by immunochromatographic and flow cytometric techniques.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Dog erythrocyte antigen (DEA) 1 blood group system was thought to contain types DEA 1.1 and 1.2 (and possibly 1.3 [A3]). However, DEA 1.2+ dogs are very rare and newer typing methods reveal varying degrees of DEA 1 positivity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess if variation in DEA 1 positivity is because of quantitative differences in surface antigen expression. To determine expression patterns in dogs over time and effects of blood storage (4°C). To evaluate DEA 1.2+ samples by DEA 1 typing methods.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anticoagulated blood samples from 66 dogs in a research colony and from a hospital, and 9 previously typed DEA 1.2+ dogs from an animal blood bank.
  
  
  METHODS
  Research study: Samples were analyzed by flow cytometry and immunochromatographic strip using a monoclonal anti-DEA 1 antibody.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty dogs were DEA 1-, whereas 46 dogs were weakly to strongly DEA 1+. Antigen quantification revealed excellent correlation between strip and flow cytometry (r = 0.929). Both methods reclassified DEA 1.2+ samples as weakly to moderately DEA 1+, but they were not retyped with the polyclonal anti-DEA 1.1/1.X antibodies. Dogs and blood samples retained their relative DEA 1 antigen densities over time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The blood group system DEA 1 is a continuum from negative to strongly positive antigen expression. Previously typed DEA 1.2+ appears to be DEA 1+. These findings further the understanding of the DEA 1 system and suggest that all alleles within the DEA 1 system have a similarly based epitope recognized by the monoclonal antibody.
authors.affiliation: Section of Medical Genetics (PennGen), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Acierno
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Raj
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Giger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D001789:Blood Group Antigens / Q000378:metabolism*; D001788:Blood Grouping and Crossmatching / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D002846:Chromatography, Affinity / Q000662:veterinary; D004285:Dogs / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000276:immunology; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D001789:Blood Group Antigens
keywords: Blood groups; Blood typing; Crossmatching; Hemolytic reaction