title: Discovery of rare mutations in extensively pooled DNA samples using multiple target enrichment.
abstract: Chemical mutagenesis is routinely used to create large numbers of rare mutations in plant and animal populations, which can be subsequently subjected to selection for beneficial traits and phenotypes that enable the characterization of gene functions. Several next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based target enrichment methods have been developed for the detection of mutations in target DNA regions. However, most of these methods aim to sequence a large number of target regions from a small number of individuals. Here, we demonstrate an effective and affordable strategy for the discovery of rare mutations in a large sodium azide-induced mutant rice population (F2 ). The integration of multiplex, semi-nested PCR combined with NGS library construction allowed for the amplification of multiple target DNA fragments for sequencing. The 8 × 8 × 8 tridimensional DNA sample pooling strategy enabled us to obtain DNA sequences of 512 individuals while only sequencing 24 samples. A stepwise filtering procedure was then elaborated to eliminate most of the false positives expected to arise through sequencing error, and the application of a simple Student's t-test against position-prone error allowed for the discovery of 16 mutations from 36 enriched targeted DNA fragments of 1024 mutagenized rice plants, all without any false calls.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.forename: Yingchun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zheyong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: Laibao
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Huaqing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xiaoquan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qi
mesh_terms: D018744:DNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics*; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing / Q000379:methods*; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D059645:Mutation Rate; D012275:Oryza / Q000235:genetics*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011336:Probability; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D018744:DNA, Plant
keywords: NGS; induced mutation detection; large samples pooling; multiplexed target enrichment