title: Extrapulmonary tuberculosis in patients with cervical lymphadenopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the frequency of tuberculous lymphadenitis in patients with cervical lymphadenopathy, and to determine the association of tuberculous lymphadenitis with body mass index.
  
  
  METHODS
  The descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of ear, nose, throat (ENT), Head and Neck Surgery, Post Graduate Medical Institute, Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar, from March, 2010 to February 2011 included 101 patients with enlarged cervical lymph nodes fulfilling the inclusion criteria. Tuberculosis was diagnosed in cervical lymph nodes by fine needle aspiration and open biopsies where needed. Data was collected on a pre-designed proforma and was analysed by SPSS 11.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study comprised 101 cases with cervical lymphadenopathy: 63 (62.37%) females and 38 (37.62%) males, with a female:male ratio of 1.65:1 .The age of the patients ranged from 03-67 years with a mean of 32.56 +/- 13.49 years. Most of patients (n = 77; 76.23%) were from lower socioeconomic group and had low body mass index. The main complaint of these patients was fever (n = 35; 34.65%). Extrapulmonary tuberculosis was the commonest diagnosis in cervical lymphadenopathy accounting for 7 6(75.24%), while reactive hyperplastic lymphadenopathy (n = 11; 10.89%) was the next common finding. Rare diseases diagnosed in cervical lymph nodes were Hodgkin's disease 2 (1.98%), Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma 2 (1.98%), and 1 (0.99%) case of Kikuchi's disease. The tuberculous cervical lymphadenopathy was significantly associated with low body mass index (p < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tuberculous cervical lymphadenopathy is a common disease in our society. It is more common in young poor females with low body mass index. Therefore, it is important to have a high index of suspicion for diagnosing tubercular lymphadenopathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of ENT, Head and Neck Surgery, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan. drfazal58@yahoo.com
authors.lastname: Fazal-I-wahid
authors.affiliation: Department of ENT, Head and Neck Surgery, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan.
authors.lastname: Habib-Ur-Rehman
authors.affiliation: Department of ENT, Head and Neck Surgery, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Iftikhar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ahmad
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044963:Biopsy, Fine-Needle; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009333:Neck; D010154:Pakistan / Q000453:epidemiology; D012923:Social Class; D014388:Tuberculosis, Lymph Node / Q000453:epidemiology*