title: Reasons for non-uptake and subsequent participation in the NHS Bowel Cancer Screening Programme: a qualitative study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Screening for bowel cancer using the guaiac faecal occult blood test offered by the NHS Bowel Cancer Screening Programme (BCSP) is taken up by 54% of the eligible population. Uptake ranges from 35% in the most to 61% in the least deprived areas. This study explores reasons for non-uptake of bowel cancer screening, and examines reasons for subsequent uptake among participants who had initially not taken part in screening.
  
  
  METHODS
  Focus groups with a socio-economically diverse sample of participants were used to explore participants' experience of invitation to and non-uptake of bowel cancer screening.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants described sampling faeces and storing faecal samples as broaching a cultural taboo, and causing shame. Completion of the test kit within the home rather than a formal health setting was considered unsettling and reduced perceived importance. Not knowing screening results was reported to be preferable to the implications of a positive screening result. Feeling well was associated with low perceived relevance of screening. Talking about bowel cancer screening with family and peers emerged as the key to subsequent participation in screening.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Initiatives to normalise discussion about bowel cancer screening, to link the BCSP to general practice, and to simplify the test itself may lead to increased uptake across all social groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Health Research, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place (Room 112), London WC1E 7HB, UK.
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Health Research, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place (Room 112), London WC1E 7HB, UK.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Cancer Research UK Health Behaviour Research Centre, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: von Wagner
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Health Research, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place (Room 112), London WC1E 7HB, UK.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Raine
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001294:Attitude to Health; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D006138:Guaiac; D006801:Humans; D007414:Intestinal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D009780:Occult Blood; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D010358:Patient Participation / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
chemical_list: D006138:Guaiac