title: Role of parents in adolescent self-rated health: Norwegian Nord-Trøndelag Health Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Self-rated health (SRH) is a known important predictor of later mortality, morbidity, and health service attendance. From adolescence onwards, this multifactorial composite seems to be relatively stable. Therefore, it is important to study how SRH is also shaped and influenced by parental factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analyses were based on data from the Nord-Trøndelag Health studies in Norway during 1995-1997 among adolescent children aged 13-19 years and their parents. Cross-table analyses were made for parental and adolescent SRH. Proportional odds logistic regression analyses with parental SRH and a broad spectrum of other parental covariates were conducted, with adolescent SRH as the dependent variable, both unadjusted and adjusted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lower level of education, living alone, smoking, low general well being, and low life satisfaction were the most important parental factors associated with lower SRH in adolescents. However, the associations between parental SRH and adolescent SRH were rather weak, and in adjusted multivariable analyses lost significance for both genders. The net effect of genetics and early vertical family influence on adolescents' SRH thus seems to be moderate. Notably, the association between more specific health-related and lifestyle variables in parent and adolescent SRH was rather weak.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SRH in adolescents seems to be shaped only partly by parental influence, and is less "deterministic" than might be expected from some genetic studies. SRH may therefore be modifiable by health-promoting efforts in early life.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Primary Health Care, Section for General Practice, University of Bergen, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Hans-Johan
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Breidablik
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Primary Health Care, Section for General Practice, University of Bergen, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Eivind
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Meland
authors.affiliation: HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Turid Lingaas
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Holmen
authors.affiliation: Unit for Applied Clinical Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Stian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lydersen
keywords: adolescents; children; parent-child relationship; parents; self-rated health