title: Nociception specific supraorbital nerve stimulation may prevent cluster headache attacks: serendipity in a blink reflex study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In cluster headache, neuromodulation is offered when patients are refractory to pharmacological prophylaxis. Non-invasive peripheral neuromodulatory approaches are of interest. We will focus on these and particularly on nociception specific, transcutaneous supraorbital nerve stimulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a study using the nociception specific blink reflex, we made a serendipitous discovery, notably the potential prophylactic effect of bilateral, time contingent, nociception specific, transcutaneous stimulation of the supraorbital nerve.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We report on a case series of seven cluster headache patients, in whom attacks seemed to disappear during repeated stimulation of the supraorbital nerves. Three patients stopped experiencing attacks since study participation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bilateral, time contingent, nociception specific, transcutaneous supraorbital nerve stimulation may have a prophylactic effect in episodic and chronic cluster headache. Given its limited side effects and its non-invasive nature, further studies to investigate this potential peripheral neuromodulatory approach for both episodic and chronic cluster headache are warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Atrium Medical Centre, The Netherlands dhaane@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Danielle Y P
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Haane
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Atrium Medical Centre, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Koehler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001767:Blinking / Q000502:physiology; D003027:Cluster Headache / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D059225:Nociception / Q000502:physiology; D009882:Ophthalmic Nerve / Q000502:physiology*; D004561:Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cluster headache; blink reflex; neurostimulation; peripheral nerve stimulation; supraorbital nerve stimulation