title: Effect of urea and certain NPK fertilizers on the cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera avenae) on wheat.
abstract: Two outdoor pot experiments were conducted in two consecutive years under outdoor conditions during the wheat growing season in Saudi Arabia to determine the effects of urea and certain compound fertilizers (NPK), compared to the effects of the nematicide fenamiphos on the cereal cyst nematode (CCN), Heterodera avenae, and wheat growth. The results showed that all of the treatments, except the fertilizer diammonium phosphate (DAP), reduced the number of nematode cysts/root system and increased (P ⩽ 0.05) the dry weight of nematode-infected wheat plants. Fenamiphos and urea resulted in the best control, followed by the NPK fertilizers. The combined application of urea and fenamiphos resulted in the most significant effect in decreasing (P ⩽ 0.05) the number of cysts/root system and increasing (P ⩽ 0.05) the growth of nematode-infected wheat plants.
authors.affiliation: Plant Protection Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Ahmad S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Al-Hazmi
authors.affiliation: Plant Protection Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Ahmed A M
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Dawabah
keywords: Amendments; Chemical control; Fenamiphos; Mineral fertilizers; Nematicidal effects; Triticum aestivum