title: The effects of mindful attention and state mindfulness on acute experimental pain among adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Attention-based coping strategies for pain are widely used in pediatric populations. The purpose of this study was to test a novel mindful attention manipulation on adolescent's experimental pain responses. Furthermore, the relationship between state mindfulness and experimental pain was examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 198 adolescents were randomly assigned to a mindful attention manipulation or control group prior to an experimental pain task. Participants completed measures of state mindfulness immediately prior to the pain task, and situational catastrophizing and pain intensity following the task.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall the manipulation had no effect on pain. Secondary analysis showed that meditation experience moderated the effect of the manipulation. State mindfulness predicted pain outcomes, with reductions in situational catastrophizing mediating this relationship.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The mindful attention manipulation was effective among adolescents with a regular meditation practice. State mindfulness was related to ameliorated pain responses, and these effects were mediated by reduced catastrophizing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Centre for Pediatric Pain Research, IWK Health Centre, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Psychiatry, Research and Innovation, IWK Health Centre and Capital District Health Authority, Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management, and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, and Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of AlbertaDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, Centre for Pediatric Pain Research, IWK Health Centre, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Psychiatry, Research and Innovation, IWK Health Centre and Capital District Health Authority, Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management, and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, and Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Alberta mark.petter@dal.ca.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Petter
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Centre for Pediatric Pain Research, IWK Health Centre, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Psychiatry, Research and Innovation, IWK Health Centre and Capital District Health Authority, Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management, and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, and Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of AlbertaDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, Centre for Pediatric Pain Research, IWK Health Centre, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Psychiatry, Research and Innovation, IWK Health Centre and Capital District Health Authority, Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management, and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, and Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of AlbertaDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, Centre for Pediatric Pain Research, IWK Health Centre, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Psychiatry, Research and Innovation, IWK Health Centre and Capital District Health Authority, Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management, and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, and Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of AlbertaDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, Centre for Pediatric Pain Research, IWK Health Centre, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Psychiatry, Research and Innovation, IWK Health Centre and Capital District Health Authority, Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management, and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, and Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of AlbertaDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, Centre for Pediatric Pain Research, IWK Health Centre, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Psychiatry, Research and Innovation, IWK Health Centre and Capital District Health Authority, Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management, and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, and Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Alberta mark.pett
authors.forename: Patrick J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: McGrath
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Centre for Pediatric Pain Research, IWK Health Centre, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Psychiatry, Research and Innovation, IWK Health Centre and Capital District Health Authority, Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management, and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, and Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of AlbertaDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, Centre for Pediatric Pain Research, IWK Health Centre, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Psychiatry, Research and Innovation, IWK Health Centre and Capital District Health Authority, Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management, and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, and Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of AlbertaDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, Centre for Pediatric Pain Research, IWK Health Centre, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Psychiatry, Research and Innovation, IWK Health Centre and Capital District Health Authority, Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management, and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, and Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of AlbertaDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, Centre for Pediatric Pain Research, IWK Health Centre, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Psychiatry, Research and Innovation, IWK Health Centre and Capital District Health Authority, Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management, and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, and Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of AlbertaDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, Centre for Pediatric Pain Research, IWK Health Centre, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Psychiatry, Research and Innovation, IWK Health Centre and Capital District Health Authority, Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management, and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, and Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Alberta.
authors.forename: Christine T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Chambers
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Centre for Pediatric Pain Research, IWK Health Centre, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Psychiatry, Research and Innovation, IWK Health Centre and Capital District Health Authority, Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management, and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, and Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Alberta.
authors.forename: Bruce D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Dick
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D001288:Attention; D058443:Catastrophization / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D064866:Mindfulness; D010146:Pain / Q000523:psychology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000523:psychology
keywords: adolescents; meditation; mindfulness; pain; pain catastrophizing