title: The role of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy in medicine: addressing the psychological and physical symptoms stemming from adverse life experiences.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A substantial body of research shows that adverse life experiences contribute to both psychological and biomedical pathology. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy is an empirically validated treatment for trauma, including such negative life experiences as commonly present in medical practice. The positive therapeutic outcomes rapidly achieved without homework or detailed description of the disturbing event offer the medical community an efficient treatment approach with a wide range of applications.
  
  
  METHODS
  All randomized studies and significant clinical reports related to EMDR therapy for treating the experiential basis of both psychological and somatic disorders are reviewed. Also reviewed are the recent studies evaluating the eye movement component of the therapy, which has been posited to contribute to the rapid improvement attributable to EMDR treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-four randomized controlled trials support the positive effects of EMDR therapy in the treatment of emotional trauma and other adverse life experiences relevant to clinical practice. Seven of 10 studies reported EMDR therapy to be more rapid and/or more effective than trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy. Twelve randomized studies of the eye movement component noted rapid decreases in negative emotions and/or vividness of disturbing images, with an additional 8 reporting a variety of other memory effects. Numerous other evaluations document that EMDR therapy provides relief from a variety of somatic complaints.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EMDR therapy provides physicians and other clinicians with an efficient approach to address psychological and physiologic symptoms stemming from adverse life experiences. Clinicians should therefore evaluate patients for experiential contributors to clinical manifestations.
authors.affiliation: Senior Research Fellow Emeritus at the Mental Research Institute, the Creator of EMDR Therapy, the Executive Director of the EMDR Institute, and the Founder of the nonprofit EMDR Humanitarian Assistance Programs in Hamden, CT. fshapiro@mcn.org.
authors.forename: Francine
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Shapiro
mesh_terms: D057169:Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000628:therapy*