title: Investigation of anodized titanium implants coated with triterpenoids extracted from black cohosh: an animal study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate bone response to anodized titanium implants coated with the extract of black cohosh, Asarum Sieboldii, and pharbitis semen.
  
  
  METHODS
  FORTY ANODIZED TITANIUM IMPLANTS WERE PREPARED AS FOLLOWS: group 1 was for control; group 2 were implants soaked in a solution containing triterpenoids extracted from black cohosh for 24 hours; group 3 were implants soaked in a solution containing extracts of black cohosh and Asarum Sieboldii for 24 hours; group 4 were implants soaked in a solution containing extracts of pharbitis semen for 24 hours. The implants from these groups were randomly and surgically implanted into the tibiae of ten rabbits. After 1, 2, and 4 weeks of healing, the nondecalcified ground sections were subjected to histological observation, and the percentage of bone-to-implant contact (BIC%) was calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All groups exhibited good bone healing with the bone tissue in direct contact with the surface of the implant. Group 2 (52.44 ± 10.98, 25.54 ± 5.56) showed a significantly greater BIC% compared to that of group 3 (45.34 ± 5.00, 22.24 ± 2.20) with respect to the four consecutive threads and total length, respectively. The BIC% of group 1 (25.22 ± 6.00) was significantly greater than that of group 3 (22.24 ± 2.20) only for total length.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study did not show any remarkable effects of the extract of black coshosh and the other natural products on osseointegration of anodized titanium implants as coating agents. Further studies about the application method of the natural products on to the surface of implants are required.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics & Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: In-Phill
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Tae-Joo
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics & Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seong-Joo
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Heo
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics & Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jai-Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Koak
authors.affiliation: Department of Oriental Medicinal Materials & Processing, College of Life Sciences, KyungHee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ju-Han
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Joo-Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Shin-Jae
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics & Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seong-Kyun
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kim
keywords: Asarum Sieboldii; Black cohosh; Bone-implant contact; Pharbitis semen; Titanium implant; Triterpenoid