title: Pancreatic cancer cachexia: a review of mechanisms and therapeutics.
abstract: Over the last decade, we have gained new insight into the pathophysiology of cachexia associated with pancreatic cancer. Unfortunately, its treatment is complex and remains a challenge. Pancreatic cancer cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome characterized by uncompensated adipose tissue and skeletal muscle loss in the setting of anorexia that leads to progressive functional impairment. This paper will review the current concepts of pancreatic cancer cachexia, its assessment and pathophysiology as well as current and future treatments. The successful management of pancreatic cancer cachexia will likely require a multimodal approach that includes nutritional support and combination pharmaceutical interventions.
authors.affiliation: Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Carlyn R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Patrick M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Yaffee
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Laith H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Jamil
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Simon K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.affiliation: Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nissen
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Pandol
authors.affiliation: Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tuli
authors.affiliation: Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles, CA, USA ; Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Hendifar
keywords: anorexia; cachexia; catabolism; multimodal therapy; pancreatic cancer