title: Inhibitory effect of Xenorhabdus nematophila TB on plant pathogens Phytophthora capsici and Botrytis cinerea in vitro and in planta.
abstract: Entomopathogenic bacteria Xenorhabdus spp. produce secondary metabolites with potential antimicrobial activity for use in agricultural productions. This study evaluated the inhibitory effect of X. nematophila TB culture on plant pathogens Botrytis cinerea and Phytophthora capsici. The cell-free filtrate of TB culture showed strong inhibitory effects (>90%) on mycelial growth of both pathogens. The methanol-extracted bioactive compounds (methanol extract) of TB culture also had strong inhibitory effects on mycelial growth and spore germinations of both pathogens. The methanol extract (1000 μg/mL) and cell-free filtrate both showed strong therapeutic and protective effects (>70%) on grey mold both in detached tomato fruits and plants, and leaf scorch in pepper plants. This study demonstrates X. nematophila TB produces antimicrobial metabolites of strong activity on plant pathogens, with great potential for controlling tomato grey mold and pepper leaf scorch and being used in integrated disease control to reduce chemical application.
authors.affiliation: 1] Research and Development Center of Biorational Pesticides, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China [2].
authors.forename: Xiangling
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: 1] College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China [2].
authors.forename: Manrang
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Research and Development Center of Biorational Pesticides, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: 1] Research and Development Center of Biorational Pesticides, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China [2] Shaanxi Research Center of Biopesticide Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
authors.forename: Yonghong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: 1] Research and Development Center of Biorational Pesticides, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China [2] Shaanxi Research Center of Biopesticide Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
authors.forename: Xing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000898:Antibiosis; D020171:Botrytis / Q000254:growth & development; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000382:microbiology; D010641:Phenotype; D010838:Phytophthora / Q000254:growth & development; D031701:Piper / Q000382:microbiology; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D013172:Spores, Fungal; D020593:Xenorhabdus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development