title: Cervical esophageal cancer: a population-based study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to present our analysis of outcomes, prognostic factors, and treatment for cervical esophageal carcinoma using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.
  
  
  METHODS
  A query of the SEER database from 1998 to 2008 was performed for patients with nonmetastatic adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the cervical esophagus. Disease-specific survival (DSS) rates were calculated using Kaplan-Meier method, and predictive factors were analyzed by Cox proportional hazards regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 362 patients; 92% of the patients had SCC, 16% received no definitive therapy, 5% received surgery, 71% received radiation therapy (RT), and 8% received both. Chemotherapy data were not available. Median DSS was 49 months for adenocarcinoma and 15 months for SCC. On multivariate analysis, histology (p = .02), RT (p < .001), and surgery plus RT (p < .001) were associated with DSS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Survival in patients with cervical esophageal carcinoma remains poor. Further studies should define the use of RT, surgery, and chemotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.
authors.forename: G Daniel
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Grass
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.
authors.forename: S Lewis
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.
authors.forename: Kent
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Armeson
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Garrett-Mayer
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.
authors.forename: Anand
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sharma
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D016629:Esophagectomy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018426:SEER Program; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014481:United States
keywords: adenocarcinoma; cervical esophagus; esophagectomy; radiotherapy; squamous cell carcinoma