title: Comparison of growth factor treatments on the fibrochondrogenic potential of canine fibroblast-like synoviocytes for meniscal tissue engineering.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the in vitro effects of differing growth factor treatments on the fibrochondrogenic potential of fibroblast-like synoviocytes from cruciate ligament deficient femorotibial joints of dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vitro study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Synoviocytes from dogs (n = 8) with naturally occurring cruciate ligament insufficiency.
  
  
  METHODS
  Synoviocytes were cultured in monolayer and synthesized into tensioned synoviocyte bioscaffolds (TSB) suspended in media containing TGF-β3, or FGF-2, TGF-β1, and IGF-I. The 1,9-dimethylmethylene blue (DMMB) assay and toluidine blue stain assessed glycosaminoglycan content; hydroxyproline assay, and collagen I and II immunohistochemistry assessed collagen content. Biomechanical properties were determined by materials testing/force-deformation curves.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All tissue cultures formed tensioned fibrous tissue-like constructs. Mean tissue cellularity and cellular viability was significantly greater in the triple growth factor-treated TSB by 0.09% and 44%, respectively. Percentage collagen content, and relative gene expression for collagen I, II, and aggrecan was not significantly different between groups. Median percentage of GAG content was significantly greater in triple growth factor-treated TSB by 1.6%. Biomechanical properties were not different in compression. Triple growth factor-treated TSB were significantly stronger in toughness, peak load to failure, and stiffness in tension.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TGF-β3 cultured bioscaffolds failed to outperform triple growth factor-treated TSB. Architectural extracellular matrix (ECM) organization and cellularity likely explained the differences between groups. TGF-β3 alone cannot be recommended at this time for in vitro formation of autologous fibrocartilage bioscaffolds for meniscal deficiency.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Corvallis, Oregon.
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Spina
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Warnock
authors.forename: Katja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Duesterdieck-Zellmer
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Baltzer
authors.forename: Jesse
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ott
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bay
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D008592:Menisci, Tibial / Q000187:drug effects*; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000166:cytology*; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000662:veterinary; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000662:veterinary; D053782:Transforming Growth Factor beta3 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D053782:Transforming Growth Factor beta3