title: Evaluation of micronutrient profile of North Indian children with cystic fibrosis: a case-control study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Data on the micronutrient levels in children with cystic fibrosis (CF) are not available from developing countries, wherein the nutritional profile of children is quite different from that of Western countries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Levels of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, and E) and trace metals (iron, copper, and zinc) were measured in 27 CF cases and 27 controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CF cases had significantly low levels of all studied micronutrients compared with controls, and the levels were even lower in cases with exacerbation than in stable CF cases. Prevalence of deficiency of vitamin D, vitamin E, iron, copper, and zinc was significantly higher in cases than in controls, whereas vitamin A deficiency was almost equal in both the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of deficiency of vitamins A, D, and E and iron, copper, and zinc was high in CF cases, and their levels were significantly lower in cases than controls. CF cases should be regularly monitored for these micronutrients, and appropriate supplementation should be considered.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatric Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Krishan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yadav
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatric Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Meenu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatric Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Suresh Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Angurana
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatric Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Savita Verma
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Attri
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatric Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Gaurav
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatric Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Minni
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tageja
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatric Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Anil Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Bhalla
mesh_terms: D001361:Avitaminosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002664:Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000502:physiology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003300:Copper / Q000097:blood; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D007223:Infant; D007501:Iron / Q000097:blood; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000502:physiology*; D009752:Nutritional Status / Q000502:physiology*; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000097:blood; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000097:blood; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000097:blood; D015032:Zinc / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D018977:Micronutrients; D014801:Vitamin A; D014807:Vitamin D; D014810:Vitamin E; D003300:Copper; D007501:Iron; D015032:Zinc