title: Alkylphenol ethoxylates and alkylphenols--update information on occurrence, fate and toxicity in aquatic environment.
abstract: Alkylphenols and their precursors, alkylphenol etoxylates, are a group of manmade chemicals used mainly as surfactants in domestic and industrial applications worldwide. It has been well established that they have endocrine disruption activity, hepatotoxic, genotoxic and other negative effects on animal and human health. In spite of the effort to reduce their use, they persist in the environment not only in industrial but also in remote regions, and were detected in the variety of natural matrices including air, water, soil as well as food products, and human blood and urine worldwide. This article summarizes their occurrence, fate in natural conditions, and toxicity including mode of action. A subject of our concern was the aquatic environment as the most important reservoir and target of their deleterious impact.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Public Health and Animal Welfare, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene andEcology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1/3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kovarova
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Public Health and Animal Welfare, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene andEcology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1/3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Blahova
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Public Health and Animal Welfare, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene andEcology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1/3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Divisova
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Public Health and Animal Welfare, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene andEcology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1/3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Svobodova
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D007220:Industrial Waste; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry*; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D010636:Phenols; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical