title: A cross-omics toxicological evaluation of drinking water treated with different processes.
abstract: Cross-omics profiling and phenotypic analysis were conducted to comprehensively assess the toxicities of source of drinking water (SDW), effluent of conventional treatment (ECT) and effluent of advanced treatment (EAT) in a water treatment plant. SDW feeding increased body weight, and relative liver and kidney weights of mice. Hepatic histopathological damages and serum biochemical alterations were observed in the mice fed with SDW and ECT, but EAT feeding showed no obvious effects. Transcriptomic analysis demonstrated that exposure to water samples caused differential expression of hundreds of genes in livers. Cluster analysis of the differentially expressed genes which generated by both microarrays and digital gene expression showed similar grouping patterns. Proteomic and metabolomics analyses indicated that drinking SDW, ECT and EAT generated 59, 145 and 41 significantly altered proteins in livers and 8, 2 and 0 altered metabolites in serum, respectively. SDW was found to affect several metabolic pathways including metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 and fatty acid metabolism. SDW and ECT might induce molecular toxicities to mice, but the advanced treatment process can reduce the potential health risk by effectively removing toxic chemicals in drinking water.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Environmental Health Research Center, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Environmental Health Research Center, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
authors.forename: Shuyu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Environmental Health Research Center, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Water Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, Nanjing 210023, China. Electronic address: zhangxx@nju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xu-Xiang
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Environmental Health Research Center, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
authors.forename: Fuzheng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Environmental Health Research Center, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
authors.forename: Yajun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Environmental Health Research Center, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Water Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, Nanjing 210023, China; National Engineering Research Center of Organic Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Nanjing 210023, China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Environmental Health Research Center, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
authors.forename: Shupei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Environmental Health Research Center, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Water Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, Nanjing 210023, China; National Engineering Research Center of Organic Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Nanjing 210023, China. Electronic address: liaimin@nju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ai-Min
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D060766:Drinking Water; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D040901:Proteomics; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D060766:Drinking Water; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Drinking water; Health risk; Metabolomics; Proteomics; Transcriptomics