title: Noninvasive selective cryolipolysis and reperfusion recovery for localized natural fat reduction and contouring.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cryolipolysis is a contemporary method of reducing fat by controlled extraction of heat from adipocytes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The authors recorded temperature profiles during a single cryolipolysis treatment/recovery cycle (with and without massage) and report on the clinical safety and efficacy of this procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the pilot study group (PSG), the abdomens of 6 patients were treated with cryolipolysis and subdermal temperatures were recorded. In the clinical treatment group (CTG), 112 patients were treated without temperature recordings and results were evaluated through matched comparison of standardized photographs, caliper measurements, ultrasound imaging, and global assessments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty minutes into the cooling phase, subdermal temperatures of patients in the PSG declined precipitously from pretreatment levels and remained low until the end of treatment. During recovery, subdermal temperatures of the only subject who received massage returned faster and to higher levels than the temperatures of subjects who did not receive massage. Patients in the CTG who were available for follow-up measurements at 6 months (n = 85) demonstrated an average fat reduction of 21.5% by caliper measurements; 6 random patients from this group also showed an average of 19.6% fat reduction by ultrasound imaging at 6 months. Global assessments were highest for the abdomen, hip, and brassiere rolls. Minimal side effects were observed, and patients experienced no significant downtime.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Noninvasive cryolipolysis results in a predictable and noticeable fat reduction within 6 months and does not cause skin damage. Profiling of subdermal temperatures may provide additional insights for improving clinical effectiveness and safety.
  
  
  METHODS
  3.
authors.affiliation: Dr Sasaki is a Clinical Professor, Loma Linda University Medical School, Loma Linda, California.
authors.forename: Gordon H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Natalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Abelev
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tevez-Ortiz
mesh_terms: D050153:Abdominal Fat / Q000378:metabolism*; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001831:Body Temperature; D003357:Cosmetic Techniques / Q000009:adverse effects; D017679:Cryotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015187:Lipectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: body contouring; cryolipolysis; fat removal; liposuction; reperfusion-injury; temperature profile