title: Long-term functional outcome of percutaneous nephrolithotomy in solitary kidney.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the long-term functional outcome of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) for calculi in solitary kidneys and to determine factors leading to renal function deterioration.
  
  
  METHODS
  The computerized files of patients with solitary kidneys who underwent PNL between January 2002 and December 2009 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with follow-up <2 years were excluded. Complications, secondary procedures, and stone-free rates were recorded. Changes in the renal function were judged by comparing preoperative and postoperative estimated glomerular filtration rates. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative factors that may affect renal function were tested using univariate and multivariate analyses to define risk factors for deterioration of renal function on long-term follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study included 200 patients (133 men [66.5%] and 67 women [33.5%] with mean age 52.3 ± 11.7 years). Complications were reported in 34 patients (17%). Severe bleeding was noticed in 10 patients (5%). The overall stone-free rate was 89.5%. After a mean follow-up of 3 ± 1.4 years (range, 2-8), there was significant improvement of the estimated glomerular filtration rate from 57 to 64 mL/min (P <.001). Thirty-one patients (15.5%) showed deterioration of the renal function. Multiple punctures and postoperative bleeding were independent risk factors for renal function deterioration (odds ratio was 3.7 and 4.5, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PNL for calculi in solitary kidneys provided significant improvement in renal function at long-term follow-up. Multiple punctures and severe bleeding are independent risk factors for deterioration of the kidney function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
authors.forename: Nasr A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: El-Tabey
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt. Electronic address: ar_el_nahas@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Ahmed R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: El-Nahas
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Eraky
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ahmed M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Shoma
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ahmed M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: El-Assmy
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
authors.forename: Shady A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Soliman
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ahmed A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Shokeir
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
authors.forename: Tarek
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mohsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
authors.forename: Hamdy A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: El-Kappany
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mahmoud R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: El-Kenawy
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome