title: Risk factors, pathological and phenotypic features of male breast cancer in Greece.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Breast cancer (BC) in males is a rare disease and comprises 0.5-1% of all BC cases. Due to its rarity, there are limited data regarding risk factors, biology and relevant treatment.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  A prospective observational study of demographic, clinical and histological characteristics of serially-admitted men with breast cancer was carried out from 1999 to 2009.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were recorded and analyzed from a database including 1,315 cases of BC. Registered data concerned age, initial presentation, family and lifestyle history (risk factors), histological features, phenotypic subtypes and TNM staging.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty two men with BC were identified, with a median age of 63 years. The most common initial presentation was a palpable lump in 12 patients, nipple contraction in three and ulceration in three. According to their medical history, nine men were overweight, 10 suffered from hypertension and 12 were smokers. The most prevalent phenotype was luminal-A followed by triple-negative type. BC in none of the cases was HER 2-amplified. The majority of cases were grade II or III and stage II or III.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the present small study, we confirm that BC in males is rare. It is a disease of middle-age and presents at advanced stages. Most of patients had 1-3 risk factors for BC. Expression of hormonal receptors occurs in the majority of BC tumors in males and with rarity in HER 2 amplification.
authors.affiliation: MSc, Medical Oncologist, Second Department of Medical Oncology, Agios Savvas Anticancer Hospital, Gennimata N. 10-12, Ampelokipi 11524, Athens, Greece. Mob: +30 6977366056, tsoukn@yahoo.gr.
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tsoukalas
authors.forename: Evangelia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Moirogiorgou
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tolia
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pistamaltzian
authors.forename: Evangelos
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bournakis
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Papadimitriou
authors.forename: Stamatina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Demiri
authors.forename: Christos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Panopoulos
authors.forename: Georgios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Koumakis
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Efremidis
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006115:Greece; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010641:Phenotype; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000378:metabolism; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone
keywords: Male breast cancer; clinical features; familial predisposition; histological features; risk factors