title: Improvement of Screening Accuracy of Mini-Mental State Examination for Mild Cognitive Impairment and Non-Alzheimer's Disease Dementia by Supplementation of Verbal Fluency Performance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  THIS STUDY AIMED TO INVESTIGATE WHETHER THE SUPPLEMENTATION OF VERBAL FLUENCY: Animal category test (VF) performance can improve the screening ability of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) for mild cognitive impairment (MCI), dementia and their major subtypes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six hundred fifty-five cognitively normal (CN), 366 MCI [282 amnestic MCI (aMCI); 84 non-amnestic MCI (naMCI)] and 494 dementia [346 Alzheimer's disease (AD); and 148 non-Alzheimer's disease dementia (NAD)] individuals living in the community were included (all aged 50 years and older) in the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The VF-supplemented MMSE (MMSE+VF) score had a significantly better screening ability for MCI, dementia and overall cognitive impairment (MCI plus dementia) than the MMSE raw score alone. MMSE+VF showed a significantly better ability than MMSE for both MCI subtypes, i.e., aMCI and naMCI. In the case of dementia subtypes, MMSE+VF was better than the MMSE alone for NAD screening, but not for AD screening.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results support the usefulness of VF-supplementation to improve the screening performance of MMSE for MCI and NAD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jee Wook
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea. ; Interdisciplinary Program in Cognitive Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dong Young
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Program in Cognitive Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Hyun
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Bo Kyung
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Sohn
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young Min
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Choe
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Bucheon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Shin Gyeom
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Daelim Saint Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Shin Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Il Han
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Choo
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kyunggi Provincial Hospital for the Elderly, Yongin, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jong Chul
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Youn
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Hyeong
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Jhoo
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ki Woong
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea. ; Interdisciplinary Program in Cognitive Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jong Inn
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Woo
keywords: Mild cognitive impairment; Mini-Mental State Examination; Non-Alzheimer's disease dementia; Screening accuracy; Verbal fluency