title: The interaction of social networks and child obesity prevention program effects: the pathways trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Social network analysis was used to examine whether peer influence from one's social networks moderates obesity prevention program effects on obesity-related behaviors: healthful and unhealthful.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants included 557 children residing in Southern California. The survey assessed health-promoting behaviors (i.e., physical activity at school, physical activity outside of school, and fruit and vegetable intake), as well as unhealthful behaviors (high-calorie, low-nutrient intake and sedentary activity), and peer exposure calculated from social network nominations as indicators of peer influence. Multilevel models were conducted separately on outcomes predicted by program participation, peer exposure, and program participation by peer exposure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results indicated that peer exposure was positively associated with one's own healthful and unhealthful behaviors. Program participation effects were moderated by peer influence, but only when unhealthful peer influence was present. Results suggest that peer influence can diminish or amplify prevention programs
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Future interventions should consider peer-led components to promote healthful influence of peers on healthful and unhealthful behaviors, and programs should be mindful that their effects are moderated by social networks.
authors.affiliation: The Institute for Health Promotion & Disease Prevention Research (IPR), University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Hee-Sung
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Thomas W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Valente
authors.forename: Nathaniel R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Riggs
authors.forename: Jimi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huh
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Spruijt-Metz
authors.forename: Chih-Ping
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ann Pentz
mesh_terms: D015992:Body Mass Index; D002140:California; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior; D002149:Energy Intake; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit; D015438:Health Behavior; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010379:Peer Group; D012574:Schools; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D012944:Social Support; D014675:Vegetables