title: Bullying, cyberbullying, and mental health in young people.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the factors associated with exposure to in-real-life (IRL) bullying, cyberbullying, and both IRL and cyberbullying and to explore the relationship between these types of bullying and mental health among 13-16-year-old Swedish boys and girls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data was derived from a cross-sectional web-based study of 13-16-year-old students in northern Sweden (n=1214, response rate 81.9%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The combination of IRL- and cyberbullying was the most common type of bullying. A non-supportive school environment and poor body image were related to exposure to bullying for both genders but the relationship was more distinct in girls. All types of bullying were associated with depressive symptoms in both boys and girls and all forms of bullying increased the likelihood of psychosomatic problems in girls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cyberbullying can be seen as an extension of IRL bullying. A combination of IRL- and cyberbullying seems to be particularly negative for mental health. Interventions should focus on improved school environment and body image as well as anti-violence programmes. Gender aspects of bullying need to be acknowledged.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden evelina.landstedt@miun.se.
authors.forename: Evelina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Landstedt
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Persson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D058445:Bullying / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Adolescents; body image; bullying; depressive symptoms; online harassment; psychosocial school environment; psychosomatic problems