title: Orbital tuberculosis in a paediatric population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the clinical profile and management of orbital tuberculosis (TB) in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight cases were studied retrospectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ages in the range of 3-16 years. Three cases presented with discharging sinus in upper lid, three with a cystic mass and two with lid necrosis. Underlying bony changes were found in five patients. Drainage and curettage was done for five patients, needle drainage of fluid was done in one patient and in two patients local debridement was done. Polymerase chain reaction for tuberculosis was positive in four cases and acid fast bacilli (AFB) were isolated on culture in three cases. On histopathology, six cases had granulomatous inflammation with caseating necrosis in one, though AFB could not be found. A favourable response to anti-tubercular treatment was achieved in all cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High index of suspicion is required for diagnosis of orbital TB. Microbiological and pathological diagnosis may not be achieved in all cases.
authors.affiliation: Senior Resident, Oculoplasty and Paediatric Ophthalmology Services, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Saurbhi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khurana
authors.affiliation: Professor, Oculoplasty and Paediatric Ophthalmology Services, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India pushkern@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Neelam
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pushker
authors.affiliation: Senior Resident, Oculoplasty and Paediatric Ophthalmology Services, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Sreedhara Shankara
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Naik
authors.affiliation: Professor, Ocular Pathology, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Seema
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kashyap
authors.affiliation: Professor, Ocular Pathology, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Seema
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sen
authors.affiliation: Professor, Oculoplasty and Paediatric Ophthalmology Services, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Mandeep S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Bajaj
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003475:Curettage; D019468:Disease Management; D004322:Drainage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014392:Tuberculosis, Ocular / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents
keywords: Orbital tuberculosis; cold abscess of orbit; periocular tuberculosis