title: Sugar-sweetened beverages with moderate amounts of fructose, but not sucrose, induce Fatty Acid synthesis in healthy young men: a randomized crossover study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The impact of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) on lipid metabolism when consumed in moderate amounts by normal weight subjects is debated.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of different types of sugars in SSB on fatty acid metabolism (ie, fatty acid synthesis and oxidation) in healthy young men.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-four normal-weight men were studied in a randomized crossover study. Four isocaloric 3-week interventions with SSB were performed in random order: medium fructose (MF; 40 g/d); high fructose (HF; 80 g/d), high sucrose (HS; 80 g/d), and high glucose (HG; 80g/d). Fasting total plasma fatty acid composition was measured after each intervention. Acylcarnitines were measured in the fasting state and after a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp in nine subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The relative abundance of palmitate (16:0) and the molar fatty acid ratio of palmitate to linoleic acid (16:0 to18:2) as markers of fatty acid synthesis were increased after HF [relative abundance of palmitate: 22.97% ± 5.51% (percentage of total fatty acids by weight ±SD)] and MF (26.1% ± 1.7%) compared with HS (19.40% ± 2.91%, P < .001), HG (19.43% ±3.12 %, P < .001), or baseline (19.40% ± 2.79%, P < .001). After HS and HG, the relative abundance of palmitate was equal to baseline. Fasting palmitoylcarnitine was significantly increased after HF and HS (HF and HS vs. HG: P = .005), decreasing after inhibition of lipolysis by insulin in the clamp.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When consumed in moderate amounts, fructose but not sucrose or glucose in SSB increases fatty acid synthesis (palmitate), whereas fasting long-chain acylcarnitines are increased after both fructose and sucrose, indicating an impaired β-oxidation flux.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Nutrition (M.Ho., I.A., P.A.G., G.A.S., K.B.), University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry (A.W., M.He., H.T.), University Children's Hospital Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; Human Nutrition Laboratory (I.A.), Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health and Competence Center for Systems Physiology and Metabolic Diseases (P.A.G., G.A.S.), ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (K.B.), 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hochuli
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Aeberli
authors.forename: Adrienne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hersberger
authors.forename: Heinz
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Troxler
authors.forename: Philipp A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Gerber
authors.forename: Giatgen A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Spinas
authors.forename: Kaspar
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Berneis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001628:Beverages; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D005632:Fructose / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006262:Health; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013395:Sucrose / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013549:Sweetening Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D005227:Fatty Acids; D013549:Sweetening Agents; D005632:Fructose; D013395:Sucrose