title: Prevalence of risk of deficiency and inadequacy of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in US children: NHANES 2003-2006.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess prevalence and population estimates of increased risk of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] deficiency and inadequacy in US children based on the current Institute of Medicine Committee to Review Dietary References Intakes for Vitamin D and Calcium guidelines.
  
  
  METHODS
  The analysis was limited to a nationally representative sample of non-institutionalized US children and adolescents aged 6-18 years who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey completed in 2003-2006 and had complete data on 25(OH)D measurements (n=2877). The 25(OH)D levels were adjusted for assay drift and prevalence, and population estimates of increased risk of 25(OH)D deficiency (<12 ng/mL), risk of inadequacy (<16 ng/mL), and adequacy (>20 ng/mL) were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 4.61% of children and adolescents are at increased risk of deficiency (population estimate 2.5 million) and 10.3% are at risk of inadequacy (population estimate 5.5 million) based on the Institute of Medicine guidelines.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Approximately 10.3% of US children aged 6-18 years (population estimate 5.5 million) have 25(OH)D levels <16 ng/mL.
authors.forename: Vytas P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Karalius
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zinn
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Guichan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Minutti
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Luke
authors.forename: Holly
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: Ramon
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Durazo-Arvizu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017677:Age Distribution; D002648:Child; D004522:Educational Status; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents; D011153:Population; D011203:Poverty; D015995:Prevalence; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D