title: Soft tissue esthetic norms for mahabubnagar population of southern India.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Aim of the study was to establish Soft Tissue Cephalometric Norms for skeletal and dental relationships amongst the Mahabubnagar adult population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty subjects (30 Males & 30 Females) subjects from different part of Mahabubnagar in the age group 18-25 Years (Mean age 21.3 Years) were selected at random for the study and lateral cephalograms were taken. All the cephalograms were traced by two operators using conventional hand tracing. The parameters used in the study were taken from Arnett and Bergman soft tissue cephalometric analysis (STCA). Overall 46 measurements including 40 linear, 6 angular parameters were used. Mean and standard deviation values were calculated. The difference between males and females were evaluated using student t-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The values obtained from the study showed significant difference in most of the parameters from that of Arnett et al., norms and between males and females within Mahabubnagar population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Males had thicker soft tissue structures, acute nasolabial angle, increased facial lengths and heights, increased midface deficiency, recessive lower face, more convex profile and less upright mandibular incisors than females within Mahabubnagar population.
authors.affiliation: Post graduate student, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Mahabubnagar, Andhra Pradesh, India .
authors.forename: Jay
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sinojiya
authors.affiliation: HOD & Professor, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Mahabubnagar, Andhra Pradesh, India .
authors.forename: Kaladhar Reddy
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Aileni
authors.affiliation: Reader, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Mahabubnagar, Andhra Pradesh, India .
authors.forename: Madhukar Reddy
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Rachala
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Mahabubnagar, Andhra Pradesh, India .
authors.forename: Jaipal Reddy
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Pyata
authors.affiliation: Senior lecturer, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Mahabubnagar, Andhra Pradesh, India .
authors.forename: Vankre
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mallikarjun
authors.affiliation: Reader, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Mahabubnagar, Andhra Pradesh, India .
authors.forename: C Manjunatha
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Reddy
keywords: Cephalometric norms; Conventional hand tracing; Lateral cephalogram