title: Biogenic synthesis of palladium nanoparticles using Pulicaria glutinosa extract and their catalytic activity towards the Suzuki coupling reaction.
abstract: Green synthesis of nanomaterials finds the edge over chemical methods due to its environmental compatibility. Herein, we report a facile and eco-friendly method for the synthesis of palladium (Pd) nanoparticles (NPs) using an aqueous solution of Pulicaria glutinosa, a plant widely found in a large region of Saudi Arabia, as a bioreductant. The as-prepared Pd NPs were characterized using ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The hydroxyl groups of the plant extract (PE) molecules were found mainly responsible for the reduction and growth of Pd NPs. FT-IR analysis confirmed the dual role of the PE, both as a bioreductant as well as a capping ligand, which stabilizes the surface of Pd NPs. The crystalline nature of the Pd NPs was identified using XRD analysis which confirmed the formation of a face-centered cubic structure (JCPDS: 87-0641, space group: Fm3m (225)). Furthermore, the as-synthesized Pd NPs demonstrated excellent catalytic activity towards the Suzuki coupling reaction under aqueous and aerobic conditions. Kinetic studies of the catalytic reaction monitored using GC confirmed that the reaction completes in less than 5 minutes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. rafiqs@ksu.edu.sa.
authors.forename: Mujeeb
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Merajuddin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Mufsir
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuniyil
authors.forename: Syed Farooq
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Adil
authors.forename: Abdulrahman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al-Warthan
authors.forename: Hamad Z
authors.initials: HZ
authors.lastname: Alkhathlan
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tremel
authors.forename: Muhammad Nawaz
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Tahir
authors.forename: Mohammed Rafiq H
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Siddiqui
mesh_terms: D001969:Bromobenzenes / Q000737:chemistry; D002384:Catalysis; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D055772:Green Chemistry Technology; D008024:Ligands; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010165:Palladium / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D052587:Pulicaria / Q000737:chemistry*; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013696:Temperature; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction; D014965:X-Rays
chemical_list: D001969:Bromobenzenes; D008024:Ligands; D010936:Plant Extracts; D010165:Palladium; C032036:bromobenzene