title: Factory-discharged pharmaceuticals could be a relevant source of aquatic environment contamination: review of evidence and need for knowledge.
abstract: Human and veterinary active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are involved in contamination of surface water, ground water, effluents, sediments and biota. Effluents of waste water treatment plants and hospitals are considered as major sources of such contamination. However, recent evidences reveal high concentrations of a large number of APIs in effluents from pharmaceutical factories and in receiving aquatic ecosystems. Moreover, laboratory exposures to these effluents and field experiments reveal various physiological disturbances in exposed aquatic organisms. Also, it seems to be relevant to increase knowledge on this route of contamination but also to develop specific approaches for further environmental monitoring campaigns. The present study summarizes available data related to the impact of pharmaceutical factory discharges on aquatic ecosystem contaminations and presents associated challenges for scientists and environmental managers.
authors.affiliation: Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Unité d'Ecotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France; UMR-I 02 «Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des milieux aquatiques» (SEBIO), INERIS, Université de Reims & du Havre, France.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.affiliation: Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Unité d'Ecotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France; UMR-I 02 «Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des milieux aquatiques» (SEBIO), INERIS, Université de Reims & du Havre, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Marc
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Porcher
authors.affiliation: Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Unité d'Ecotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France; UMR-I 02 «Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des milieux aquatiques» (SEBIO), INERIS, Université de Reims & du Havre, France. Electronic address: Wilfried.Sanchez@ineris.fr.
authors.forename: Wilfried
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sanchez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004345:Drug Industry; D004777:Environment; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000032:analysis*; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Active pharmaceutical ingredients; Factory; Pollution; Risk assessment