title: Prolonged orocecal transit time enhances serum bile acids through bacterial overgrowth, contributing factor to gallstone disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gallstones (GS) are associated with slow intestinal transit but the effect of altered transit time on physiological changes in gastrointestinal tract among GS patients is poorly understood.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association of gallstone disease with change in intestinal motility and how motility alters serum bile acid (SBA) levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 333 subjects were enrolled, of which 183 were GS patients and 150 age-matched and sex-matched controls. Intestinal transit time was assessed by measuring orocecal transit time (OCTT). Breath tests were used to evaluate OCTT and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). Total SBA levels were measured by enzymatic colorimetric assay. A linear regression analysis was performed to look for interrelationship between OCTT and SBA levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Orocecal transit time was significantly delayed (P<0.001) in GS patients (134.8±30.64 min) compared with controls (85.35±19.81 min). SIBO was observed to be significantly higher (P<0.01) in patients (15%) compared with controls (0.7%). OCTT was further delayed significantly (P<0.01) in GS patients with SIBO (165.6±33.9 min) compared with patients lacking SIBO. Total SBA levels were found to be significantly higher (P<0.05) in GS patients (5.3±2.7 μmol/L) compared with controls (3.7±1.8 μmol/L). SBA levels were also significantly higher (P<0.05) in SIBO-positive GS patients (6.4±2.8 μmol/L) compared with SIBO-negative patients (4.8±2.4 μmol/L). There was positive correlation between OCTT and SBA levels in SIBO-positive patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings indicate that delayed OCTT leads to SIBO and thus enhance SBA levels in etiology underlying GSs.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Super Specialty of Gastroenterology †General Surgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research ‡Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Jaspreet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kaur
authors.forename: Satya V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Rana
authors.forename: Rajesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Vikas
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Surendra K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Devinder K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Dhawan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000097:blood*; D001944:Breath Tests; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D042882:Gallstones / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility; D005772:Gastrointestinal Transit; D006801:Humans; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000382:microbiology*; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001647:Bile Acids and Salts