title: Field emission properties and growth mechanism of In2O3 nanostructures.
abstract: Four kinds of nanostructures, nanoneedles, nanohooks, nanorods, and nanotowers of In2O3, have been grown by the vapor transport process with Au catalysts or without any catalysts. The morphology and structure of the prepared nanostructures are determined on the basis of field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The growth direction of the In2O3 nanoneedles is along the [001], and those of the other three nanostructures are along the [100]. The growth mechanism of the nanoneedles is the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS), and those of the other three nanostructures are the vapor-solid (VS) processes. The field emission properties of four kinds of In2O3 nanostructures have been investigated. Among them, the nanoneedles have the best field emission properties with the lowest turn-on field of 4.9 V/μm and the threshold field of 12 V/μm due to possessing the smallest emitter tip radius and the weakest screening effect.
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Key Lab of Micro-Nano Photonic Information Technology, College of Electronic Science and Technology, Shenzhen University, Nanhai Ave 3688, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, People's Republic of China. wangbing@szu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhaoqiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Huanyu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Lianfeng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu