title: Green tea extract enhances parieto-frontal connectivity during working memory processing.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It has been proposed that green tea extract may have a beneficial impact on cognitive functioning, suggesting promising clinical implications. However, the neural mechanisms underlying this putative cognitive enhancing effect of green tea extract still remain unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study investigates whether the intake of green tea extract modulates effective brain connectivity during working memory processing and whether connectivity parameters are related to task performance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a double-blind, counterbalanced, within-subject design, 12 healthy volunteers received a milk whey-based soft drink containing 27.5 g of green tea extract or a milk whey-based soft drink without green tea as control substance while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging. Working memory effect on effective connectivity between frontal and parietal brain regions was evaluated using dynamic causal modeling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Green tea extract increased the working memory induced modulation of connectivity from the right superior parietal lobule to the middle frontal gyrus. Notably, the magnitude of green tea induced increase in parieto-frontal connectivity positively correlated with improvement in task performance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings provide first evidence for the putative beneficial effect of green tea on cognitive functioning, in particular, on working memory processing at the neural system level by suggesting changes in short-term plasticity of parieto-frontal brain connections. Modeling effective connectivity among frontal and parietal brain regions during working memory processing might help to assess the efficacy of green tea for the treatment of cognitive impairments in psychiatric disorders such as dementia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Wilhelm Klein Str. 27, 4012, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hammann
authors.forename: Bettina
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wölnerhanssen
authors.forename: Anne Christin
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Meyer-Gerspach
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Drewe
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Beglinger
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Borgwardt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013662:Tea; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D013662:Tea