title: Transapical implantation of an Edwards SAPIEN XT in a degenerated mitral bioprosthesis without fluoroscopic landmarks.
abstract: An 84-year-old male with degeneration of a radiolucent mitral bioprosthesis was successfully treated with transapical valve-in-valve implantation exclusively guided by transesophageal echocardiography. The techniques involved in performing this procedure are reviewed.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Torino, "Città della Salute e della Scienza - Molinette,", Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Salizzoni
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Barbero
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Grosso Marra
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Moretti
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rinaldi
mesh_terms: D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001705:Bioprosthesis; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal / Q000379:methods*; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000601:surgery*; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome