title: Concomitant pathologies among a spectrum of parkinsonian disorders.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many clinicopathological studies do not specify the presence of other pathologies located within the brain, so disease heterogeneity may be under appreciated.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the frequencies of concomitant pathologies among parkinsonian disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from the Arizona Study of Aging and Neurodegenerative Disorders (AZSAND), an ongoing longitudinal clinical-neuropathological study, was used to analyze concomitant pathologies, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), argyrophilic grains (Arg), cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), cerebral white matter rarefaction (CWMR) and overlap of each parkinsonian disorder in clinico-pathologically defined Parkinson's disease (PD; N = 140), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB; N = 90), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP; N = 64), multiple system atrophy (MSA; N = 6), corticobasal degeneration (CBD; N = 7); and normal elderly (controls; N = 166).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the neuropathologically-confirmed PD cases, 38% had a concomitant diagnosis of AD, 9% PSP, 25% Arg, 44% CWMR, and 24% CAA. For DLB, 89% had AD, 1% PSP, 21% Arg, 51% CWMR, and 50% CAA. For PSP cases, 36% had AD, 20% PD, 1% DLB, 44% Arg, 52% CWMR and 25% CAA. Similar heterogeneity was seen for MSA and CBD cases. Many cases had more than one of the above additional diagnoses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data demonstrate a great deal of concomitant pathologies among different types of parkinsonian disorders; this may help explain the heterogeneity of clinical findings.
authors.affiliation: Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, USA. Electronic address: Brittany.dugger@bannerhealth.com.
authors.forename: Brittany N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Dugger
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Charles H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Adler
authors.affiliation: Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Holly A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Shill
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Caviness
authors.affiliation: Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jacobson
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Driver-Dunckley
authors.affiliation: Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Beach
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000473:pathology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D016657:Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D056784:Leukoencephalopathies / Q000473:pathology; D020961:Lewy Body Disease / Q000473:pathology; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D020734:Parkinsonian Disorders / Q000473:pathology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
keywords: Alzheimer's disease; Argyrophilic grains; Cerebral amyloid angiopathy; Parkinson's disease; Vascular dementia; White matter rarefaction