title: Molecular analysis of infant fecal microbiota in an Asian at-risk cohort-correlates with infant and childhood eczema.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies have suggested that selective microbial targets prevail in the fecal microbiota of infants with eczema. This study evaluated the composition of fecal microbiota of infants who developed eczema in the first 5 years of life and compared these with those of healthy controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Children who developed eczema in the first 2 years, those with eczema at 5 years of age and healthy controls were selected from the placebo arm of a birth cohort of at-risk infants participating in a randomized double-blind trial on the protective effects of supplemental probiotics in early life on allergic outcomes. Molecular evaluation of fecal microbiota were conducted using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization-Flow Cytometry (FISH-FC) for fecal samples collected. Longitudinal analysis of fecal microbiota composition at three days, one and three months and one year of life revealed higher abundance of Enterobacteriaceae [coefficient (B): 1.081, 95% CI: 0.229-1.933, adj p = 0.014] and Clostridium perfringens [coefficient (B): 0.521, 95% CI: 0.556-0.988, adj p = 0.03] in those who developed eczema in the first 2 years life. In those with eczema at 5 years of age, a lower abundance of Bifidobacterium was observed [coefficient (B): -27.635, 95% CI: -50.040 - -5.231, adj p = 0.018].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The differences in infant fecal microbiota observed in eczema subjects in this study support the notion that relative abundance of selective microbial targets may contribute to the subsequent development of eczema in childhood.
authors.forename: Gaik Chin
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Yap
authors.forename: Evelyn Xiu Ling
authors.initials: EX
authors.lastname: Loo
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aw
authors.forename: Qingshu
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Lynette Pei-Chi
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Shek
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. paeleebw@nus.edu.sg.
authors.forename: Bee Wah
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D044466:Asian People; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D001644:Bifidobacterium / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003016:Clostridium perfringens / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004485:Eczema / Q000208:ethnology / Q000382:microbiology*; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D064307:Microbiota; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S