title: Management of patients with multidrug-resistant/extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in Europe: a TBNET consensus statement.
abstract: The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis (TB) substantially challenges TB control, especially in the European Region of the World Health Organization, where the highest prevalence of MDR/XDR cases is reported. The current management of patients with MDR/XDR-TB is extremely complex for medical, social and public health systems. The treatment with currently available anti-TB therapies to achieve relapse-free cure is long and undermined by a high frequency of adverse drug events, suboptimal treatment adherence, high costs and low treatment success rates. Availability of optimal management for patients with MDR/XDR-TB is limited even in the European Region. In the absence of a preventive vaccine, more effective diagnostic tools and novel therapeutic interventions the control of MDR/XDR-TB will be extremely difficult. Despite recent scientific advances in MDR/XDR-TB care, decisions for the management of patients with MDR/XDR-TB and their contacts often rely on expert opinions, rather than on clinical evidence. This document summarises the current knowledge on the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of adults and children with MDR/XDR-TB and their contacts, and provides expert consensus recommendations on questions where scientific evidence is still lacking.
authors.affiliation: For the authors' affiliations see the Acknowledgements section clange@fz-borstel.de.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lange
authors.affiliation: For the authors' affiliations see the Acknowledgements section.
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Abubakar
authors.affiliation: For the authors' affiliations see the Acknowledgements section.
authors.forename: Jan-Willem C
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Alffenaar
authors.affiliation: For the authors' affiliations see the Acknowledgements section.
authors.forename: Graham
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bothamley
authors.affiliation: For the authors' affiliations see the Acknowledgements section.
authors.forename: Jose A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Caminero
authors.affiliation: For the authors' affiliations see the Acknowledgements section.
authors.forename: Anna Cristina C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.affiliation: For the authors' affiliations see the Acknowledgements section.
authors.forename: Kwok-Chiu
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: For the authors' affiliations see the Acknowledgements section.
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Codecasa
authors.affiliation: For the authors' affiliations see the Acknowledgements section.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Correia
authors.affiliation: For the authors' affiliations see the Acknowledgements section.
authors.forename: Valeriu
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Crudu
authors.affiliation: For the authors' affiliations see the Acknowledgements section.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.affiliation: For the authors' affiliations see the Acknowledgements section.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dedicoat
authors.affiliation: For the authors' affiliations see the Acknowledgements section.
authors.forename: Francis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Drobniewski
authors.affiliation: For the authors' affiliations see the Acknowledgements section.
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.affiliation: For the authors' affiliations see the Acknowledgements section.
authors.forename: Cordula
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ehlers
authors.affiliation: For the authors' affiliations see the Acknowledgements section.
authors.forename: Connie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Erkens
authors.affiliation: For the authors' affiliations see the Acknowledgements section.
authors.forename: Delia
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Goletti
authors.affiliation: For the authors' affiliations see the Acknowledgements section.
authors.forename: Gunar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Günther
authors.affiliation: For the authors' affiliations see the Acknowledgements section.
authors.forename: Elmira
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ibraim
authors.affiliation: For the authors' affiliations see the Acknowledgements section.
authors.forename: Beate
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kampmann
authors.affiliation: For the authors' affiliations see the Acknowledgements section.
authors.forename: Liga
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kuksa
authors.affiliation: For the authors' affiliations see the Acknowledgements section.
authors.forename: Wiel
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: de Lange
authors.affiliation: For the authors' affiliations see the Acknowledgements section.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: van Leth
authors.affiliation: For the authors' affiliations see the Acknowledgements section.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Lunzen
authors.affiliation: For the authors' affiliations see the Acknowledgements section.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Matteelli
authors.affiliation: For the authors' affiliations see the Acknowledgements section.
authors.forename: Dick
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Menzies
authors.affiliation: For the authors' affiliations see the Acknowledgements section.
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Monedero
authors.affiliation: For the authors' affiliations see the Acknowledgements section.
authors.forename: Elvira
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.affiliation: For the authors' affiliations see the Acknowledgements section.
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rüsch-Gerdes
authors.affiliation: For the authors' affiliations see the Acknowledgements section.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sandgren
authors.affiliation: For the authors' affiliations see the Acknowledgements section.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scardigli
authors.affiliation: For the authors' affiliations see the Acknowledgements section.
authors.forename: Alena
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Skrahina
authors.affiliation: For the authors' affiliations see the Acknowledgements section.
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tortoli
authors.affiliation: For the authors' affiliations see the Acknowledgements section.
authors.forename: Grigory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Volchenkov
authors.affiliation: For the authors' affiliations see the Acknowledgements section.
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.affiliation: For the authors' affiliations see the Acknowledgements section.
authors.forename: Marieke J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: van der Werf
authors.affiliation: For the authors' affiliations see the Acknowledgements section.
authors.forename: Bhanu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: For the authors' affiliations see the Acknowledgements section.
authors.forename: Wing-Wai
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Yew
authors.affiliation: For the authors' affiliations see the Acknowledgements section.
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Zellweger
authors.affiliation: For the authors' affiliations see the Acknowledgements section.
authors.forename: Daniela Maria
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Cirillo
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019090:Case Management; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003140:Communicable Disease Control; D032921:Consensus; D019468:Disease Management; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005060:Europe; D054908:Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy; D005843:Geography; D055552:Infectious Disease Medicine / Q000592:standards; D011634:Public Health; D012008:Recurrence; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018088:Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy; D014944:World Health Organization
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents