title: Study on anti-osteosarcoma activity of ethanol extract of Venenum bufonis in vitro.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Venenum bufonis is the dried white secretion of the auricular and skin glands of Bufo gargarizans Cantor, or Bufo melanostictus Schneider, Bufonidae. It is used in the treatment of deep-rooted carbuncle, boils and swelling; pain in the throat, heart stroke, coma, abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhea. The objective of this paper is to preliminarily observe the effects of ethanol extract of Venenum bufonis on growth, and proliferation of human osteosarcoma U2OS cell lines, and to provide a theoretical basis for an in-depth study of the clinical application of Venenum bufonis for osteosarcoma inhibition, with its mechanism of action.
  
  
  METHODS
  SRB assay was used to determine the effect of Venenum bufonis ethanol extract on U2OS cell line activity, and to detect its inhibitory dose-effect on osteosarcoma cells. FCM was applied to determine the effect of Venenum bufonis ethanol extract on U2OS cell apoptosis and to perform cell cycle analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As results, different Venenum bufonis ethanol extracts showed apparent concentration-effect relationships on U2OS cell lines. FCM analysis showed that it had a U2OS apoptosis promoting effect, which increased with increasing concentration. Cell cycle analysis revealed that the Venenum bufonis ethanol extract mainly arrested U2OS in the G0/G1 phase, preventing the cells from progressing to the S phase.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study concluded that Venenum bufonis ethanol extract has an inhibitory effect on proliferation of osteosarcoma U2OS cells.
authors.affiliation: Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, 400038, China.
authors.forename: Guangxing
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
authors.forename: Xuefeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, 400038, China.
authors.forename: Jingyi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
authors.forename: Guangjie
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, 400038, China.
authors.forename: Liu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, 400038, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, 400038, China.
authors.forename: Fuyou
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017209:Apoptosis; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002018:Bufanolides / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002025:Bufonidae; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D006801:Humans; D012516:Osteosarcoma / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D002018:Bufanolides; C095591:chan su
keywords: U2OS; Venenum bufonis; antitumor