title: In vitro evaluation of tc-99m radiopharmaceuticals for gastric emptying studies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Gastrointestinal motility and functional motility disorders causing either delayed or accelerated gastric emptying (GE) may result in similar symptoms including nausea, vomiting, early satiety, fullness, bloating, and abdominal discomfort or pain. Hence, it is important to evaluate patients for both rapid and delayed GE in the same test. The gold standard technique to measure GE is scintigraphy by radiolabeled test meals. The aim of this study was to test alternative Tc-99m agents to label eggs as the solid meal and compare to Tc-99m sulfur colloid (SC) for gastric emptying studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  In search of alternative agents for gastric emptying studies, we mixed and fried eggs with four different particulate compounds (Tc-99m labeled SC, tin colloid, nanocolloid and MAA), as well as with free pertechnetate and Tc-99m DTPA. We then measured the stability of these compounds in simulated gastric juice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our experiments demonstrated that in addition to Tc-99m sulfur colloid;Tc-99m MAA, Tc-99m nanocolloid and Tc-99m tin colloid also appear to make stable complexes with eggs in acidic environment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Therefore, these agents may be used for gastric emptying studies which could be more practical in routine conditions.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  None declared.
authors.affiliation: Dokuz Eylül University, Department of Nuclear Medicine, İzmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Türkan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ertay
authors.affiliation: Dokuz Eylül University, Department of Nuclear Medicine, İzmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Amet Semih
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Doğan
authors.affiliation: Dokuz Eylül University, Department of Nuclear Medicine, İzmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ozden
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ulker
authors.affiliation: Dokuz Eylül University, Department of Nuclear Medicine, İzmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hatice
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Durak
keywords: Gastric emptying; Tc 99m-DTPA; Tc-99m sulfur colloid; Tc-99m-MAA; nanoparticles; radiopharmaceutical; scintigraphy; technetium