title: Predictors of loneliness of clubhouse members.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Loneliness can impede subjective experiences of recovery. This study examines the relationship between clubhouse participation and loneliness using standardized instruments while controlling for age, gender, living status, and social network characteristics.
  
  
  METHODS
  A random sample of 126 members from one clubhouse was recruited for this cross-sectional investigation. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the association between participation and loneliness.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A greater number of clubhouse visits, greater perceived availability of social support and higher levels of overall satisfaction with social network relationships were significantly related to a lower level of loneliness after controlling for covariates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Service providers may want to pay more attention to those members experiencing loneliness and help them connect with others. Future studies using longitudinal analyses are needed to further assess the causal relationship between clubhouse participation and loneliness. Multiple aspects of participation should be examined.
authors.affiliation: Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University.
authors.forename: Ching-Wen
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University.
authors.forename: Chia-Ling
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University.
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Biegel
authors.affiliation: Department of Educational Psychology, Wayne State University.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pernice-Duca
authors.affiliation: Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University.
authors.forename: Meeyoung Oh
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Min
authors.affiliation: Magnolia Clubhouse.
authors.forename: Lori
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: D'Angelo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003156:Community Mental Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008132:Loneliness / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012944:Social Support; D055815:Young Adult