title: Persisting rise in referrals during labor in primary midwife-led care in the Netherlands.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are concerns about the Dutch maternity care system, characterized by a strict role division between primary and secondary care. The objective of this study was to describe trends in referrals and in perinatal outcomes among labors that started in primary midwife-led care.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a descriptive study of all 789,795 labors that started in primary midwife-led care during 2000 to 2008 in The Netherlands. Referrals to obstetrician-led care or pediatrician were classified as urgent or nonurgent. Perinatal safety was described by perinatal mortality (intrapartum or neonatal 0-7 days), admission to neonatal intensive care unit 0-7 days, and Apgar score < 7 at 5 minutes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The proportion of referrals during labor or after birth declined from 52.6 to 42.6 percent for nulliparous women and from 83.2 to 76.7 percent for multiparous women. Especially nonurgent referrals during the first stage increased, for nulliparous women from 28.7 to 40.7 percent and for multiparous women from 10.5 to 16.5 percent. Referrals were less frequent in planned home births. Perinatal mortality was 0.9 per thousand births for nulliparous women, and 0.6 per thousand for multiparous women. A low Apgar score was registered in 8.6 per thousand births for nulliparous women, and 4.1 per thousand for multiparous women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was a considerable rise in nonurgent referrals to obstetrician-led care in primary midwife-led care during labor. Perinatal safety did not improve significantly over time. The persisting rise in referrals challenges the sustainability of the current strict role division between primary and secondary maternity care in The Netherlands.
authors.affiliation: KNOV (Royal Dutch Organisation for Midwives), Utrecht.
authors.forename: Pien M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Offerhaus
authors.forename: Chantal W P M
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Hukkelhoven
authors.forename: Ank
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Jonge
authors.forename: Karin M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: van der Pal-de Bruin
authors.forename: Peer L H
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Scheepers
authors.forename: Antoine L M
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Lagro-Janssen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006700:Home Childbirth; D006801:Humans; D007743:Labor, Obstetric; D008880:Midwifery / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009426:Netherlands; D009774:Obstetrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D054238:Perinatal Mortality; D011247:Pregnancy; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D024382:Professional Role; D012017:Referral and Consultation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D063127:Secondary Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: maternity care; midwifery; perinatal outcome; planned home birth; referral