title: The effects of hydrated C(60) fullerene on gene expression profile of TRPM2 and TRPM7 in hyperhomocysteinemic mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM2) and TRPM7 channels may be activated by oxidative stress. Hydrated C(60) fullerene (C(60)HyFn) have recently gained considerable attention as promising candidates for neurodegenerative states. We aimed to examine the effects on TRPM2 and TRPM7 gene expression of C(60)HyFn due to marked antioxidant activity in HHcy mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  C57BL/6 J. mice were divided into four groups: (1) Control group, (2) HHcy, (3) HHcy + C(60)HyFn-treated group and (4) C(60)HyFn-treated group. TRPM2 and TRPM7 gene expression in brains of mice were detected by real-time PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Apoptosis in brain were assessed by TUNEL staining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  mRNA expression levels of TRPM2 were significantly increased in HHcy group compared to the control group. C(60)HyFn administration significantly decreased serum levels of homocysteine and TRPM2 mRNA levels in HHcy + C(60)HyFn group. Whereas, HHcy-treatment and C(60)HyFn administration did not change the expression of TRPM7.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Administration of C(60)HyFn in HHcy mice significantly reduces serum homocysteine level, neuronal apoptosis and expression level of TRPM2 gene. Increased expression level of TRPM2 induced by oxidative stress might be involved in the ethiopathogenesis of HHcy related neurologic diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University , Elazig , Turkey .
authors.forename: Ebru Onalan
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Etem
authors.forename: Ramazan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bal
authors.forename: Arzu Etem
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Akağaç
authors.forename: Tuncay
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuloglu
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tuzcu
authors.forename: Grigory V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Andrievsky
authors.forename: Ilay
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Buran
authors.forename: Victor S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Nedzvetsky
authors.forename: Gıyasettin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Baydas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D037741:Fullerenes / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D020138:Hyperhomocysteinemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D050053:TRPM Cation Channels / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D037741:Fullerenes; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D050053:TRPM Cation Channels; C544443:TRPM2 protein, mouse; C421903:Trpm7 protein, mouse; C069837:fullerene C60
keywords: hydrated C60 fullerene; hyperhomocysteinemia; transient receptor potential melastatin 2; transient receptor potential melastatin 7