title: Comparison of tuberculosis infection rates in a national database of renal transplant patients with data from a single center in Taiwan.
abstract: Successful renal transplantation (RT) improves quality of life and patient survival. Advances in immunosuppressants for RT have improved the prevention and treatment of acute rejection as well as reduced the risk of chronic graft damage, but immunodeficiency may render patients vulnerable to opportunistic infections. We conducted this study to compare the difference in tuberculosis (TB) infection rates between a single institution and a national database of RT recipients in Taiwan. There were 153 patients with TB (3.2%) among 4,835 RT recipients in the database during the period 2000-2009, with a higher prevalence of men (P = .018) and diabetes patients (P = .029). In our institution's registry, 33 patients (2.7%) developed 35 episodes of TB infection among 1,209 RT recipients, but there were no significant differences in general characteristics among different subgroups. Interestingly, the use of cyclosporine was significantly more frequent in RT recipients with TB than in those without in both the national database and in our institution. In contrast, TB infection was negatively correlated with the use of tacrolimus (TAC) and mycophenolate (MPA). RT recipients with TB infection had poor survival (P = .0013) and low graft survival (P = .0003). Taken together, analyses of the national database and the RT patients in our institution revealed that the use of long-term cyclosporine-based immunosuppressive agents was associated with a greater risk of developing post-transplantation TB compared with that of other immunosuppressive agents, but the chronicity and accumulation effect of TAC and MPA should be observed despite the negative correlation found herein. In conclusion, post-transplantation TB is a serious health threat and one of the major causes of death among RT recipients, and a high index of suspicion to ensure early diagnosis and prompt initiation of treatment for TB is crucial. The use of optimal immunosuppressive agents to minimize acute rejection, monitoring of high-risk recipients, prompt diagnosis, and appropriate treatment are required to manage TB infection in endemic areas such as Taiwan.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, Chiayi Branch, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.
authors.forename: C-H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: M-J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: C-H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: S-N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: M-C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: C-H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: T-M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Y-W
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: S-T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: S-F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Y-C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. Electronic address: khshu@vghtc.gov.tw.
authors.forename: K-H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Shu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D012307:Risk Factors; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid; D016559:Tacrolimus