title: Inefficacy of marketed contact lens disinfection solutions against keratitis-causing Acanthamoeba castellanii belonging to the T4 genotype.
abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the anti-amoebic effects of marketed contact lens disinfecting solutions. Using amoebistatic, amoebicidal, and cysticidal assays, nine different contact lens solutions were tested including: ReNu MultiPlus, DuraPlus, Ultimate Plus, OptiFree Replenish, OptiFree Express, Kontex Clean, Kontex Normal, Kontex Multisol extra+, Kontex Soak. In vitro growth inhibition (amoebistatic) assays were performed by incubating Acanthamoeba castellanii with aforementioned contact lens disinfection solutions as per manufacturer's instructions in the growth medium for up to 48h at 30°C. To determine amoebicidal and cysticidal effects, amoebae were incubated with contact lens solutions in phosphate buffered saline for 24h and viability was determined by haemocytometer counting as well as re-inoculating them in the growth medium. For controls, solutions were tested against bacterial corneal pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as well as amoebae were incubated with the solvent alone. Of the nine contact lens solutions tested, none of them showed potent amoebicidal effects. Only DuraPlus and OptiFree Replenish exhibited trophozoite lysis of 85.3% and 73.7% respectively. In contrast, all contact lens disinfection solutions except Kontex Clean, Kontex Normal, Kontex Multisol extra+, tested showed amoebistatic effects. Importantly, none of the contact lens disinfection solutions exhibited cysticidal effects using qualitative assays, i.e., cysts treated with aforementioned solutions re-emerged as viable amoebae upon inoculation in the growth medium. However, more than 3-log reduction was observed when ReNu MultiPlus, DuraPlus and OptiFree Express were tested against P. aeruginosa which is in accordance with the ISO Stand-Alone Primary acceptance criteria. These findings are of great concern for contact lens users.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Sahreena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lakhundi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Naveed Ahmed
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan. Electronic address: ruqaiyyah.siddiqui@aku.edu.
authors.forename: Ruqaiyyah
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Siddiqui
mesh_terms: D015823:Acanthamoeba Keratitis / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D048248:Acanthamoeba castellanii / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D018639:Contact Lens Solutions / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003261:Contact Lenses / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000469:parasitology; D005838:Genotype; D012307:Risk Factors; D053058:Trophozoites / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D018639:Contact Lens Solutions
keywords: Acanthamoeba; Cleaning solution; Contact lens; Keratitis