title: Analysis of interaction of phenolic compounds with the cholecystokinin signaling pathway to explain effects on reducing food intake.
abstract: Previous animal experiments demonstrated that phenolic compounds can reduce weight and food intake, but the exact mechanism(s) behind these effects remain unknown. For regulation of food intake, the cholecystokinin (CCK) hormone signaling pathway plays an important role as it induces satiety by binding on its specific receptor (CCK1R), hereby reducing food intake. In this study, we investigated the possible interactions of eight phenolic compounds of different classes (tannic acid, gallic acid, benzoic acid, hydroxybenzoic acid, protocatechuic acid, quercetin, kaempferol and resveratrol) with the CCK1R signaling pathway. As major results, the tested phenolic compounds could not activate the CCK1R in a specific cell-based bioassay. In contrast, we observed an anti-CCK1R activity. This antagonistic action might be explained by blocking of the functioning of the CCK1R receptor, although the exact mechanism of interaction remains unknown. For tannic acid, we also measured a sequestration activity of the CCK hormone in vitro. In conclusion, the reported activity of phenolic compounds against food intake and weight is not based on an activation of the CCK1R. Taking into account the complex regulation of food intake, further work is necessary to unravel other essential mechanisms involved to explain the reported effects of phenolic compounds against food intake.
authors.affiliation: Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Industrial Biological Sciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University - Campus Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium.
authors.forename: Nadin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Al Shukor
authors.affiliation: Department of Industrial Biological Sciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University - Campus Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium.
authors.forename: Katleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Raes
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Van Camp
authors.affiliation: Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. Electronic address: guy.smagghe@ugent.be.
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Smagghe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002766:Cholecystokinin; D003412:Cricetulus; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects*; D005707:Gallic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D010636:Phenols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011949:Receptors, Cholecystokinin / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013634:Tannins / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D010636:Phenols; D011949:Receptors, Cholecystokinin; D013634:Tannins; D005707:Gallic Acid; D002766:Cholecystokinin
keywords: Cholecystokinin; Cholecystokinin type 1 receptor; Phenolic compounds