title: Fate and effects of metal-based nanoparticles in two marine invertebrates, the bivalve mollusc Scrobicularia plana and the annelid polychaete Hediste diversicolor.
abstract: The objective of this paper is to synthesize results from seven published research papers employing different experimental approaches to evaluate the fate of metal-based nanoparticles (Ag NPs, Au NPs, CuO NPs, CdS NPs, ZnO NPs) in the marine environment and their effects on two marine endobenthic species, the bivalve Scrobicularia plana and the ragworm Hediste diversicolor. The experiments were carried out under laboratory (microcosms) conditions or under environmentally realistic conditions in outdoor mesocosms. Based on results from these seven papers, we addressed the following research questions: (1) How did the environment into which nanoparticles were released affect their physicochemical properties?, (2) How did the route of exposure (seawater, food, sediment) influence bioaccumulation and effects?, (3) Which biomarkers were the most responsive? and (4) Which tools were the most efficient to evaluate the fate and effects of NPs in the marine environment? The obtained results showed that metal-based NPs in general were highly agglomerated/aggregated in seawater. DGT tools could be used to estimate the bioavailability of metals released from NPs under soluble form in the aquatic environment. Both metal forms (nanoparticulate, soluble) were generally bioaccumulated in both species. Among biochemical tools, GST and CAT were the most sensitive revealing the enhancement of anti-oxidant defenses in both species exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of metal-based NPs. Apoptosis and genotoxicity were frequently observed.
authors.affiliation: LUNAM Université, MMS, Université de Nantes et Université Catholique de l'Ouest, Angers, France, catherine.mouneyrac@uco.fr.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mouneyrac
authors.forename: Pierre-Emmanuel
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Buffet
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Poirier
authors.forename: Aurore
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zalouk-Vergnoux
authors.forename: Marielle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guibbolini
authors.forename: Christine Risso-de
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Faverney
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gilliland
authors.forename: Déborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Berhanu
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dybowska
authors.forename: Amélie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Châtel
authors.forename: Hanane
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Perrein-Ettajni
authors.forename: Jin-Fen
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Thomas-Guyon
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Reip
authors.forename: Eugénia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Valsami-Jones
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D011077:Polychaeta / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical