title: Influence of different toothpaste abrasives on the bristle end-rounding quality of toothbrushes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the influence of different toothpaste abrasives on the bristle wear and bristle tip morphology of toothbrushes with different degrees of hardness.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety samples of bovine incisor teeth were used in this study. The samples were randomly divided into three groups according to the bristle hardness of the toothbrush used: soft bristles (S); extra-soft bristles (ES); hard bristles (H). The toothbrushes of each group were randomly divided into six subgroups with five toothbrushes each, according to the abrasive of the toothpaste used in the simulation: Negative control (distilled water); toothpaste 1 (silica); toothpaste 2 (hydrated silica); toothpaste 3 (calcium carbonate, calcium bicarbonate and silica); toothpaste 4 (tetrapotassium pyrophosphate, silica and titanium dioxide); toothpaste 5 (calcium carbonate). The samples were placed in a toothbrushing simulating machine that simulating three months of brushing. The toothbrush bristles were evaluated by the bristle wear index, and the bristle tips morphology was evaluated by the bristle tip morphology index.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ES brush presented the highest bristle wear among the toothbrushes. Additionally, the S brushes showed better morphology of the bristles followed by ES and H brushes. The type of abrasive only influenced the bristle tip morphology of the ES brushes. The toothpaste 3 induced the worse bristle tip morphology than all the other toothpastes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Different abrasives have influence only on the bristle tip morphology of the ES brushes.
authors.affiliation: Foar-UNESP, School of Dentistry of Araraquara, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil.
authors.forename: G J P L
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: de Aveiro
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pavone
authors.forename: R A C
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Marcantonio
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001639:Bicarbonates / Q000737:chemistry; D002119:Calcium Carbonate / Q000737:chemistry; D002417:Cattle; D011756:Diphosphates / Q000737:chemistry; D006244:Hardness; D017680:Potassium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D011897:Random Allocation; D012824:Silicic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry; D014099:Toothbrushing / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014100:Toothpastes / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001639:Bicarbonates; D011756:Diphosphates; D017680:Potassium Compounds; D014100:Toothpastes; D012824:Silicic Acid; C009495:titanium dioxide; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; C031556:calcium bicarbonate; C035389:tetrapotassium pyrophosphate; D014025:Titanium; D002119:Calcium Carbonate
keywords: In vitro studies; toothbrush; toothpastes