title: The CJIE1 prophage of Campylobacter jejuni affects protein expression in growth media with and without bile salts.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The presence of Campylobacter jejuni temperate bacteriophages has increasingly been associated with specific biological effects. It has recently been demonstrated that the presence of the prophage CJIE1 is associated with increased adherence and invasion of C. jejuni isolates in cell culture assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Quantitative comparative proteomics experiments were undertaken using three closely related isolates with CJIE1 and one isolate without CJIE1 to determine whether there was a corresponding difference in protein expression levels. Initial experiments indicated that about 2% of the total proteins characterized were expressed at different levels in isolates with or without the prophage. Some of these proteins regulated by the presence of CJIE1 were associated with virulence or regulatory functions. Additional experiments were conducted using C. jejuni isolates with and without CJIE1 grown on four different media: Mueller Hinton (MH) media containing blood; MH media containing 0.1% sodium deoxycholate, which is thought to result in increased expression of virulence proteins; MH media containing 2.5% Oxgall; and MHwithout additives. These experiments provided further evidence that CJIE1 affected protein expression, including virulence-associated proteins. They also demonstrated a general bile response involving a majority of the proteome and clearly showed the induction of almost all proteins known to be involved with iron acquisition. The data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange with identifiers PXD000798, PXD000799, PXD000800, and PXD000801.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of the CJIE1 prophage was associated with differences in protein expression levels under different conditions. Further work is required to determine what genes are involved in causing this phenomenon.
authors.affiliation: Enterics Research Section, Bacteriology and Enterics Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington St, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3R2, Canada. Clifford.Clark@phac-aspc.gc.ca.
authors.forename: Clifford G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Patrick M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Chong
authors.forename: Stuart J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: McCorrister
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kimberly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nguy
authors.forename: Keding
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Matthew W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Gilmour
authors.forename: Garrett R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Westmacott
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000378:metabolism*; D016123:Campylobacter jejuni / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology*; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D039002:Prophages / Q000235:genetics*; D020543:Proteome / Q000032:analysis; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D003470:Culture Media; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D020543:Proteome