title: Early Maladaptive Schemas: A Comparison Between Bipolar Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is still unclear how bipolar disorder (BD) differentiates from major depressive disorder (MDD) outside major mood episodes. To further elucidate this area, the present study compared the two mood disorders in terms of early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) during remission.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample consisted of 49 participants with BD and 30 participants with MDD who were currently in remission. The participants completed the Young Schema Questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The BD group scored significantly higher than the MDD group on seven EMSs: abandonment, failure to achieve, insufficient self-control, subjugation, unrelenting standards, enmeshment and entitlement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By suggesting that EMSs are more severe in BD compared with MDD, the findings highlight potential vulnerabilities in BD, which merit further examination in terms of their underlying causes and potential treatment implications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early maladaptive schemas are relevant psychological dimensions to consider in remitted phases of major mood disorders. Findings from the current study suggest that early maladaptive schemas are more prevalent in adults with bipolar disorder compared to adults with major depressive disorder when measured during remission. Interventions targeting early maladaptive schemas may be valuable in treatment of bipolar disorder.
authors.affiliation: Center for Developmental and Applied Psychological Science (CeDAPS), the Department of Communication and Psychology, Aalborg University, Denmark.
authors.forename: Kristine Kahr
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.affiliation: Mood Disorders Clinic, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark.
authors.forename: Krista
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nielsen Straarup
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Tromsø, Faculty of Health Science, Norway.|Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation, University Hospital of North Norway, Norway.
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Halvorsen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Bipolar Disorder; Early Maladaptive Schemas; Major Depressive Disorder; Remission