title: Torsion and curvature of FtsZ filaments.
abstract: FtsZ filaments participate in bacterial cell division, but it is still not clear how their dynamic polymerization and shape exert force on the underlying membrane. We present a theoretical description of individual filaments that incorporates information from molecular dynamic simulations. The structure of the crystallized Methanococcus jannaschii FtsZ dimer was used to model a FtsZ pentamer that showed a curvature and a twist. The estimated bending and torsion angles between monomers and their fluctuations were included in the theoretical description. The MD data also permitted positioning the curvature with respect to the protein coordinates and allowed us to explore the effect of the relative orientation of the preferred curvature with respect to the surface plane. We find that maximum tension is attained when filaments are firmly attached and oriented with their curvature perpendicular to the surface and that the twist serves as a valve to release or to tighten the tension exerted by the curved filaments on the membrane. The theoretical model also shows that the presence of torsion can explain the shape distribution of short filaments observed by Atomic Force Microscopy in previously published experiments. New experiments with FtsZ covalently attached to lipid membranes show that the filament on-plane curvature depends on lipid head charge, confirming the predicted monomer orientation effects. This new model underlines the fact that the combination of the three elements, filament curvature, twist and the strength and orientation of its surface attachment, can modulate the force exerted on the membrane during cell division.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: González de Prado Salas
authors.forename: Ines
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hörger
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Martín-García
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mendieta
authors.forename: Álvaro
authors.initials: Á
authors.lastname: Alonso
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Encinar
authors.forename: Paulino
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gómez-Puertas
authors.forename: Marisela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vélez
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tarazona
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002455:Cell Division / Q000235:genetics; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000235:genetics / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D063747:Methanocaldococcus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D056004:Molecular Dynamics Simulation
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; C071525:FtsZ protein, Bacteria