title: Low intensity resistance training improves systolic function and cardiovascular autonomic control in diabetic rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the effects of low intensity resistance training (RT) on left ventricular (LV) function, baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), and cardiovascular autonomic control of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Wistar rats were divided into (n=8 each group): sedentary control (SC), trained control (TC), sedentary diabetic (SD), and trained diabetic (TD). Trained groups underwent low intensity RT (40%-50% 1 repetition maximum) for 10 weeks. Echocardiographic evaluation, arterial pressure (AP), heart rate (HR), BRS, and autonomic measurements were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Diabetes induced an increase in glycemia and a reduction in body weight in diabetics when compared with control animals. Diabetic rats displayed cardiac dysfunction, reduced systolic AP and HR, impaired BRS and autonomic derangement when compared to control rats. RT improved ejection fraction (SD: 68%±1.3% vs. TD: 75%±3.0%) and velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (SD: 0.32±0.02 vs. TD: 0.40±0.01 circ/seg.10(-4)). Trained diabetic rats presented increased AP (+10.2%), HR (+10.4%), and BRS after RT protocol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low intensity RT induced an increase in systolic function in diabetic rats. This may be due to positive LV remodeling and BRS improvement, which may have played an important role in the attenuation of hemodynamic impairment and cardiac autonomic neuropathy in streptozotocin-diabetic rats.
authors.affiliation: Hypertension Unit, Heart Institute (InCor), Medical School of University of São Paulo, São Paulo/SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristiano T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Mostarda
authors.affiliation: Human Movement Laboratory, Universidade São Judas Tadeu UST, São Paulo/SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: Hypertension Unit, Heart Institute (InCor), Medical School of University of São Paulo, São Paulo/SP, Brazil; Translational Physiology Laboratory, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo/SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Oscar Albuquerque
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: de Moraes
authors.affiliation: Hypertension Unit, Heart Institute (InCor), Medical School of University of São Paulo, São Paulo/SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ivana C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Moraes-Silva
authors.affiliation: Hypertension Unit, Heart Institute (InCor), Medical School of University of São Paulo, São Paulo/SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paula Barros Olinto
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Arruda
authors.affiliation: Hypertension Unit, Heart Institute (InCor), Medical School of University of São Paulo, São Paulo/SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ruymar
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.affiliation: Hypertension Unit, Heart Institute (InCor), Medical School of University of São Paulo, São Paulo/SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Katia Bilhar
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Scapini
authors.affiliation: Hypertension Unit, Heart Institute (InCor), Medical School of University of São Paulo, São Paulo/SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dos Santos
authors.affiliation: Translational Physiology Laboratory, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo/SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Kátia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: De Angelis
authors.affiliation: Hypertension Unit, Heart Institute (InCor), Medical School of University of São Paulo, São Paulo/SP, Brazil. Electronic address: hipirigoyen@incor.usp.br.
authors.forename: Maria Cláudia
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Irigoyen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017704:Baroreflex / Q000502:physiology; D001775:Blood Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000294:innervation* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004452:Echocardiography; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000379:methods / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013311:Streptozocin / Q000009:adverse effects; D013599:Systole / Q000502:physiology*; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D013311:Streptozocin
keywords: Autonomic function; Diabetes; Resistance training; Ventricular function