title: Effects of Botulinum Toxin on Reducing the Co-contraction of Antagonists in Birth Brachial Plexus Palsy.
abstract: Birth brachial plexus palsy (BBPP) is usually caused by plexus traction during difficult delivery. Although the possibility of complete recovery is relatively high, 5% to 25% of BBPP cases result in prolonged and persistent disability. In particular, muscle imbalance and co-contraction around the shoulder and elbow cause abnormal motor performance, osseous deformities, and joint contracture. Physical and occupational therapies have most commonly been used, but these conventional therapeutic strategies have often been inadequate, in managing the residual muscle imbalance and muscle co-contraction. Therefore, we attempted to improve the functional movements, by using botulinum toxin type A, to reduce the abnormal co-contraction of the antagonist muscles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea. ; Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Yong Beom
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea. ; Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Myung Jun
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea. ; Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Hyeok
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea. ; Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Young Sun
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea. ; Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Yoon
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Ko
keywords: Birth brachial plexus palsy; Botulinum toxin type A; Brachial plexus neuropathies; Obstetric brachial plexus injury