title: The effect of in vitro fertilization treatment on women's voice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effect of in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment on acoustic properties of women's voice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten women undergoing IVF treatment participated in the study. All participants were recorded repeatedly in three successive sessions, before and during treatment, in addition to collecting hormonal assays, endometrial thickness measurements, and follicular growth data. Recordings were performed while sustaining an isolated vowel repeatedly and during a reading task. Acoustic analyses included a limited set of fundamental frequency (F0) measures, as well as frequency- and amplitude perturbation measures. Repeated-measure analyses of variance were performed to test for the treatment effect, and the correlations between the acoustic measures and the hormonal as well as endometrial thickness data were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant reduction in the two F0 measures and in the amplitude perturbation measure was found throughout the treatment (P<0.05). Before treatment, a negative correlation was found between F0 and estrogen levels. After treatment, however, a negative correlation was found between F0 and endometrial thickness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An association was found between IVF treatment and specific voice properties. In addition, the possibility of a ceiling effect for the influence of estrogens on female vocal folds was introduced.
authors.affiliation: Department of Communication Disorders, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. Electronic address: oferamir@post.tau.ac.il.
authors.forename: Ofer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Amir
authors.affiliation: Department of Communication Disorders, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Natalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lebi-Jacob
authors.affiliation: Fertility and IVF Clinic, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Ofer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Harari
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004717:Endometrium / Q000187:drug effects; D004967:Estrogens / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013061:Speech Acoustics; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000187:drug effects*; D014832:Voice Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced*; D014833:Voice Quality / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens
keywords: Acoustic analysis; Hormones; IVF; Vocal folds; Voice