title: Participation and enjoyment of leisure activities in adolescents born at ≤ 29 week gestation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Motor, cognitive, social and behavioral problems have been found to persist in adolescents born extremely preterm. Leisure participation has been associated with health benefits; however, few studies have explored leisure participation in this population. The aim of this study was to describe leisure participation in adolescents born at ≤29week gestation. Secondary aims were to identify potential differences in participation related to sex, age, motor competence, and cognitive ability, and between adolescents born preterm and their siblings born at term.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional study included 128 adolescents (mean age: 16.0years; 67 females) with a mean gestational age of 26.5weeks. All participants, as well as 22 siblings born at term, completed the Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participation levels were highest in social and recreational activities, and lowest in active-physical and skill-based activities. Boys participated in more active-physical activities (p=0.01) and more often (p<0.001) than girls, whereas girls had higher participation levels in social and self-improvement activities (p<0.05) than boys. Older adolescents engaged in more social activities (p=0.01) and more frequently (p=0.002) than younger adolescents. Overall, participants with poor motor and cognitive skills had lower participation levels in active-physical and social activities. Adolescents born preterm participated in fewer recreational activities compared to term-born siblings (p=0.013).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Engagement in active-physical and skill-based leisure activities needs to be promoted in boys, and especially in girls with a history of prematurity. Activities should be adapted to sex and individual skill level in order to promote participation.
authors.affiliation: Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, Canada; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
authors.forename: Noémi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dahan-Oliel
authors.affiliation: School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital, Laval, Canada.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mazer
authors.affiliation: Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, Canada.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Riley
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation, University of Laval, Quebec City, Canada; Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration, Quebec City, Canada.
authors.forename: Désirée B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Maltais
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation, University of Laval, Quebec City, Canada; Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration, Quebec City, Canada.
authors.forename: Line
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nadeau
authors.affiliation: Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, Canada; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, Canada. Electronic address: annette.majnemer@mcgill.ca.
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Majnemer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007899:Leisure Activities; D008297:Male; D047928:Premature Birth; D058992:Social Participation; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Adolescence; Leisure activities; Preterm infants