title: Third and fourth degree perineal injury after vaginal delivery: does race make a difference?
abstract: Severe perineal injury (third and fourth degree laceration) at the time of vaginal delivery increases the risk of fecal incontinence, chronic perineal pain, and dyspareunia.1-5 Studies suggest the prevalence of severe perineal injury may vary by racial group.6 The purpose of the current study was to examine rates of severe perineal injury in different Asian and Pacific Islander subgroups. A retrospective cohort study was performed among all patients who had a vaginal delivery at Queens Medical Center in Honolulu, Hawai'i between January 1, 2002 and December 31, 2003. Demographic and health related variables were obtained for each participant. Maternal race/ethnicity (Japanese, Filipino, Chinese, other Asian, Part-Hawaiian/Hawaiian, Micronesian, other Pacific Islander, Caucasian, multiracial [non-Hawaiian], and other) was self-reported by the patient at the time admission. The significance of associations between racial/ethnic groups and demographic and health related variables was determined using chi-square tests for categorical variables and analysis of variance for continuous factors. Multiple logistic regression was performed to adjust for potential confounders when examining severe laceration rates. A total of 1842 subjects met inclusion criteria. The proportion of severe perineal lacerations did not differ significantly between racial groups. In the multiple logistic regression analysis, operative vaginal delivery was related to both race and severe perineal laceration. However, despite adjusting for this variable, race was not associated with an increased risk of having a severe laceration (P = .70). The results of this study indicate the risk of severe perineal laceration does not differ based on maternal race/ethnicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, HI (KDS, PST, MH, B. Kessel, B. Kaneshiro).
authors.forename: Kanoe-Lehua
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: de Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, HI (KDS, PST, MH, B. Kessel, B. Kaneshiro).
authors.forename: Pai-Jong Stacy
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, HI (KDS, PST, MH, B. Kessel, B. Kaneshiro).
authors.forename: Leanne M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Kon
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, HI (KDS, PST, MH, B. Kessel, B. Kaneshiro).
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hiraoka
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, HI (KDS, PST, MH, B. Kessel, B. Kaneshiro).
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kessel
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, HI (KDS, PST, MH, B. Kessel, B. Kaneshiro).
authors.forename: Todd
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Seto
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, HI (KDS, PST, MH, B. Kessel, B. Kaneshiro).
authors.forename: Bliss
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kaneshiro
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002681:China / Q000208:ethnology; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006254:Hawaii / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000208:ethnology; D022125:Lacerations / Q000145:classification* / Q000473:pathology; D008849:Micronesia / Q000208:ethnology; D007744:Obstetric Labor Complications / Q000208:ethnology*; D010502:Perineum / Q000293:injuries*; D010679:Philippines / Q000208:ethnology; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015599:Trauma Severity Indices; D044465:White People / Q000208:ethnology; D055815:Young Adult