title: Evaluation of Fast Technology Analysis (FTA) Cards as an improved method for specimen collection and shipment targeting viruses associated with Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex.
abstract: In order to improve the analytic quality of respiratory specimens collected from cattle for nucleic acid-based diagnosis, a study was undertaken to verify realtime PCR efficiency of specimens collected and stabilized on FTA Cards™, filter paper which is treated chemically. Nucleic acids collected using FTA Cards without the need for a cold-chain or special liquid media handling provided realtime PCR results consistent (96.8% agreement, kappa 0.923 [95% CI=0.89-0.96]) with the same specimens collected using traditional viral transport media and shipped on ice using the U.S. Department of Transportation mandated liquid handling requirements. Nucleic acid stabilization on FTA Cards was evaluated over a temperature range (-27 °C to +46 °C) for up to 14 days to mimic environmental conditions for diagnostic sample handling between collection and processing in a routine veterinary laboratory. No significant difference (P≥0.05) was observed in realtime PCR cycle threshold values over the temperature range and time storage conditions for Bovine Viral Diarrhea virus, Bovine Respiratory Syncytial virus, Bovine Coronavirus, and Bovine Herpesvirus I. The four viruses evaluated in the study are associated with Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex where improvements in ease and reliability of specimen collection and shipping would enhance the diagnostic quality of specimens collected in the field, and ultimately improve diagnostic efficiency.
authors.affiliation: California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, West Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Munashe
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chigerwe
authors.affiliation: California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, West Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Sharon K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Hietala
authors.affiliation: California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, West Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA. Electronic address: bcrossle@cahfs.ucdavis.edu.
authors.forename: Beate M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Crossley
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D048090:Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000821:virology; D002417:Cattle; D025202:Molecular Diagnostic Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000379:methods*; D014481:United States; D014730:Veterinary Medicine / Q000379:methods*; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology
keywords: Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex; Diagnostic specimen; FTA Card