title: Edaravone (Radicut), a free radical scavenger, is a potentially useful addition to thrombolytic therapy in patients with acute ischemic stroke.
abstract: Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the aging population worldwide. Alteplase, a recombinant tissue plasminogen activator, is the only Food and Drug Administration-approved thrombolytic agent for the treatment of AIS. Only 2-5% of patients with stroke receive thrombolytic treatment, mainly due to delay in reaching the hospital. Edaravone is a free radical scavenger marketed in Japan to treat patients with AIS, who present within 24 h of the onset of symptoms. When used in combination with alteplase, edaravone may have three useful effects: enhancement of early recanalization, inhibition of alteplase-induced hemorrhagic transformation and extension of the therapeutic time window for alteplase. This is the first review of the literature evaluating the clinical efficacy of edaravone, aiming to clarify whether edaravone should be further evaluated for clinical use worldwide. This review covers both clinical and experimental studies conducted between 1994 and 2012. Edaravone is a potentially useful neurovascular protective agent, used in combination with thrombolytic agents to treat >15 million patients devastated by stroke worldwide annually. Additional clinical studies are necessary to verify the efficacy of edaravone when used in combination with a thrombolytic agent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Davis Research Building, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA ;
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Teaching Hospital and Laboratory of Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065;
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Functional Foods, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka 535-8585; ; Department of Systems Biology in Thromboregulation, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan.
authors.forename: Ko-Ichi
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Kawahara
authors.affiliation: Departments of Physiology and.
authors.forename: Yoshinaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Murai
authors.affiliation: Neurosurgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka 830-0011;
authors.forename: Motohiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morioka
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Davis Research Building, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA ;
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Lapchak
authors.affiliation: Departments of Physiology and.
authors.forename: Eiichiro
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tanaka
keywords: acute ischemic stroke; alteplase; edaravone; recombinant tissue plasminogen activator; thrombolytic agents