title: Stability of motor function and associated impairments between childhood and adolescence in young people with cerebral palsy in Europe.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to investigate whether impairments associated with cerebral palsy were stable between childhood and adolescence.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Study of Participation of Children with Cerebral Palsy Living in Europe (SPARCLE) longitudinal study was conducted in nine European regions. In total, 818 children aged 8 to 12 years were randomly selected from population-based registers; 594 (73%) were followed up at the age of 13 to 17 years (344 males, 250 females; median age 10 y 4 mo) Research associates visited them in their homes and recorded their motor function and additional impairments. Stability of impairment was assessed using the weighted kappa coefficient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The proportion of participants whose level of impairment remained unchanged varied from 63% for fine motor function to 98% for hearing. For gross motor function, communication, and cognitive level, the kappa and the lower bound of its 95% confidence interval (CI) were above 0.75, indicating stability between childhood and adolescence; for fine motor function and feeding, the kappa was above 0.75 but the lower bound of the 95% CI was below 0.75, indicating probable stability; for seizures and vision, the kappa was below 0.75, although the upper bound of the 95% CI was above 0.75, indicating possible change; for hearing the kappa and its entire CI were below 0.75, indicating change. Overall, 81% of participants had no seizures in childhood, of whom 93% were seizure-free in adolescence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Motor function and additional impairments were generally stable between childhood and adolescence.
authors.affiliation: The Institute of Clinical Sciences, Göteborg University, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Malin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nystrand
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Beckung
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dickinson
authors.forename: Allan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Colver
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001259:Ataxia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002648:Child; D018450:Disease Progression; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D019957:Motor Skills Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012042:Registries; D012720:Severity of Illness Index