title: Exercise-induced modulation of pain in adults with and without painful diabetic neuropathy.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine exercise-induced pain modulation in diabetic adults with painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) compared to diabetic adults without PDN. Eighteen adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes with and without PDN (mean age of 49 years) completed 2 sessions. During the familiarization session, participants completed questionnaires, were familiarized with the pain testing protocols, and completed maximal isometric contractions. During the exercise session, experimental pain testing was completed before and following exercise consisting of 3 minutes of isometric exercise performed at 25% maximal voluntary contraction. Ratings of perceived exertion and muscle pain were assessed every 30 seconds during exercise. Results indicated that ratings of perceived exertion and muscle pain during exercise were significantly higher (P < .05) for diabetic adults with PDN versus diabetic adults without PDN. Diabetic adults with PDN did not experience changes in thermal pain ratings following exercise, whereas diabetic adults without PDN reported significantly lower pain ratings following exercise. It is concluded that diabetic adults with PDN experienced high levels of muscle pain during exercise and a lack of exercise-induced hypoalgesia following exercise, in comparison to diabetic adults without PDN, who experienced lower levels of muscle pain during exercise and a hypoalgesic response following exercise.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Very little research has been conducted examining the impact of exercise on pain modulation in diabetic adults with PDN. This study provides support that adults with PDN exhibit exercise-induced endogenous pain modulatory system dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.
authors.forename: Matthew T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Knauf
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin. Electronic address: Koltyn@education.wisc.edu.
authors.forename: Kelli F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Koltyn
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000150:complications*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D063806:Myalgia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Diabetes; exercise-induced analgesia; neuropathic pain