title: A phase II study of S-1 in relapsed small cell lung cancer.
abstract: S-1 is a new oral fluoropyrimidine derivative designed to enhance anticancer activity and reduce gastrointestinal toxicity. This phase II trial aimed to evaluate S-1 in patients with relapsed small cell lung cancer (SCLC). SCLC patients who had experienced treatment failure with ≥1 prior chemotherapies were eligible. Patients were required to have an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) of 0-2 and adequate organ function. Treatment consisted of oral S-1 at 40 mg/m2twice/day for 28 days every 6 weeks. Twenty-six patients were enrolled, 85% of whom were males. The median age was 68 years (range, 33-79) and 81% of the patients had a performance status of 0-1, and 46% of the patients had relapse-sensitive SCLC. An objective response was obtained in only 1 patient (3.8%), and the median progression-free survival (PFS) was 1.1 months. The median overall survival was 5.3 months, and the 1-year survival rate was 23%. The most common grade 3/4 toxicities included neutropenia (7.7%), leukopenia (7.7%), anemia (7.7%), hyponatremia (7.7%), rash (7.7%), infection (7.7%) and diarrhoea (3.8%). None of the patients developed febrile neutropenia and no deaths were attributed to treatment. In conclusion, S-1 has minimal single-agent activity in relapsed SCLC.
authors.affiliation: Thoracic Oncology Center, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan.
authors.forename: Keita
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kudo
authors.affiliation: Thoracic Oncology Center, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan.
authors.forename: Fumiyosi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ohyanagi
authors.affiliation: Thoracic Oncology Center, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Horiike
authors.affiliation: Thoracic Oncology Center, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan.
authors.forename: Eisaku
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Miyauchi
authors.affiliation: Thoracic Oncology Center, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan.
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tahanaka
authors.affiliation: Thoracic Oncology Center, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan.
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yanagitani
authors.affiliation: Thoracic Oncology Center, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryouta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.affiliation: Thoracic Oncology Center, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan.
authors.forename: Kyouhei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kaburaki
authors.affiliation: Thoracic Oncology Center, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakatani
authors.affiliation: Thoracic Oncology Center, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Horai
authors.affiliation: Thoracic Oncology Center, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishio
keywords: S-1; lung cancer; relapse; small cell lung cancer