title: Al-Akhawayni and the early descriptions of meningitis.
abstract: Abubakr Rabi-ibn Ahmad Akhawayni Bukhari, also known as Al-Akhawayni, was a Persian physician who lived in the Near East during an age in which medical knowledge blossomed in the Islamic world. This era, the "Islamic Golden Age," extended from the tenth to the twelfth centuries AD. During his lifetime as a physician, Al-Akhawayni was famous for his expertise in medicine, including disorders that would be considered neurological today. In his extant book Hidayat al-Muta`allemin fi al-Tibb [A Scholar's Guide to Medicine], he provided an early description of what is probably meningitis. He illustrated the membranes surrounding the brain tissue in detail and described manifestations resulting from their inflammation.
authors.affiliation: a Student Research Committee , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran.
authors.forename: Behnam
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dalfardi
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yarmohammadi
authors.forename: Mahsa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sedighi
authors.forename: Arman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zargaran
mesh_terms: D049690:History, Ancient; D006801:Humans; D008092:Literature, Medieval / Q000266:history; D008581:Meningitis / Q000266:history*; D009445:Neuroanatomy / Q000266:history; D019071:Persia
keywords: Al-Akhawayni; Hidayat; Islamic Golden Age; Persian; meningitis