title: Extracellular traps are associated with human and mouse neutrophil and macrophage mediated killing of larval Strongyloides stercoralis.
abstract: Neutrophils are multifaceted cells that are often the immune system's first line of defense. Human and murine cells release extracellular DNA traps (ETs) in response to several pathogens and diseases. Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation is crucial to trapping and killing extracellular pathogens. Aside from neutrophils, macrophages and eosinophils also release ETs. We hypothesized that ETs serve as a mechanism of ensnaring the large and highly motile helminth parasite Strongyloides stercoralis thereby providing a static target for the immune response. We demonstrated that S. stercoralis larvae trigger the release of ETs by human neutrophils and macrophages. Analysis of NETs revealed that NETs trapped but did not kill larvae. Induction of NETs was essential for larval killing by human but not murine neutrophils and macrophages in vitro. In mice, extracellular traps were induced following infection with S. stercoralis larvae and were present in the microenvironment of worms being killed in vivo. These findings demonstrate that NETs ensnare the parasite facilitating larval killing by cells of the immune system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S. 10th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bonne-Année
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S. 10th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
authors.forename: Laura A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Kerepesi
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S. 10th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
authors.forename: Jessica A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hess
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S. 10th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
authors.forename: Jordan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wesolowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S. 10th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
authors.forename: Fabienne
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Paumet
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, 3800 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors.forename: James B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Lok
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, 3800 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Nolan
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S. 10th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA. Electronic address: david.abraham@jefferson.edu.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Abraham
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000276:immunology; D065206:Extracellular Traps / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology; D006801:Humans; D007814:Larva / Q000276:immunology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology*; D010529:Peritoneal Cavity / Q000469:parasitology; D017171:Strongyloides stercoralis / Q000276:immunology*
keywords: Extracellular traps; Human; Mice; NET; Neutrophils; Strongyloides stercoralis