title: Sexing based on measurements of the femoral head parameters on pelvic radiographs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous studies have shown that the collo-diaphysial angle varies by race and sex in different populations. This study was performed to compare the femoral head parameters in the two sexes using pelvic radiography in Iranian adults during the August 2011 to August 2012 period.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional study was done on 100 male and 100 female. After taking hip radiography, collo-diaphysial angle, maximum femoral head diameters and minimum femoral neck width were measured on both sides. Dominant hand, height, weight and body mass index were also recorded. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Sex differences were tested using independent t-test and ROC curve.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean of the right and left maximum femoral head diameters and the minimum width of the femoral neck were significantly higher in men than in women (p < 0.001). The mean of the right collo-diaphysial angle of the femur was significantly higher in men than in women (p = 0.01), but there was no significant difference between the left collo-diaphysial angle in the two sex. The accuracy of sex prediction with the right and left maximum femoral head diameter was 78%. This figure is 77% for the right and left minimum femoral neck widths and 59% for the right collo-diaphysial angle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  If only the proximal part of the femur is available, the sex can be predicted with a relatively high accuracy by taking a radiograph. In our study, the evaluation of the collo-diaphysial angle was not very helpful in sexing.
authors.affiliation: Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Legal Medicine Organization of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Akhlaghi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mitra
authors.affiliation: Radiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Bakhtavar
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Khadijeh
authors.affiliation: Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: vida.allahyarparsa@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Allahyar Parsa
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Vida
authors.affiliation: Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Razavi Nouri
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mehdizadeh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Farzaneh
authors.affiliation: Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Vasheghani Farahani
authors.initials: VF
authors.lastname: Maryam
authors.affiliation: Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Yousefinejad
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Vahid
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001837:Body Weights and Measures; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005270:Femur Head / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005272:Femur Neck / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010388:Pelvis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011859:Radiography; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012727:Sex Characteristics
keywords: Collo-diaphysial angle; Femoral head diameter; Femoral neck width; Femur; Forensic identification; Sexing