title: Postnatal development of the hippocampus in the Rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta): a longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging study.
abstract: Nonhuman primates are widely used models to investigate the neural substrates of human behavior, including the development of higher cognitive and affective function. Due to their neuroanatomical and behavioral homologies with humans, the rhesus macaque monkey (Macaca mulatta) provides an excellent animal model in which to characterize the maturation of brain structures from birth through adulthood and into senescence. To evaluate hippocampal development in rhesus macaques, structural magnetic resonance imaging scans were obtained longitudinally at 9 time points between 1 week and 260 weeks (5 years) of age on 24 rhesus macaque monkeys (12 males, 12 females). In our sample, the hippocampus reaches 50% of its adult volume by 13 weeks of age and reaches an adult volume by 52 weeks in both males and females. The hippocampus appears to be slightly larger at 3 years than at 5 years of age. Male rhesus macaques have larger hippocampi than females from 8 weeks onward by approximately 5%. Interestingly, there was increased variability in hemispheric asymmetry for hippocampus volumes at younger ages than at later ages. These data provide a comprehensive evaluation of the longitudinal development of male and female rhesus macaque hippocampus across development from 1 week to 5 years of age.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California; The MIND Institute, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California.
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Hunsaker
authors.forename: Julia A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: Melissa D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Bauman
authors.forename: Cynthia M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Schumann
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Amaral
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000254:growth & development*; D008253:Macaca mulatta / Q000254:growth & development*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D059906:Neuroimaging; D009929:Organ Size; D012727:Sex Characteristics
keywords: Rhesus macaque; hippocampus; longitudinal development; magnetic resonance imaging; primate model