title: Effect of Cydonia oblonga Mill. leaf extracts or captopril on blood pressure and related biomarkers in renal hypertensive rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cydonia oblonga Mill. (COM) is used in traditional Uyghur medicine to treat or prevent cardiovascular disease. In a previous study COM leaf extracts were found to be active in renal hypertensive rats (RHR). The present study tests the dose-dependence of the effect of ethanol leaf extracts on hypertension and on biomarkers associated with blood pressure control, such as angiotensin-II (AII), plasma renin activity (PRA), apelin-12 (A), endothelin (ET) and nitric oxide (NO), compared to captopril.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two-kidney one-clip (2K1C) Goldblatt model rats were divided randomly into six groups: sham, model, captopril 25 mg/kg, COM leaf extract 80, 160 and 320 mg/kg (n=10 each). Drugs were administered orally daily for eight weeks. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured before treatment and every 2 weeks. Blood and kidney samples were collected after the last treatment to measure AII, PRA, A, ET and NO.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RHR had increased blood pressure, AII, A, PRA, ET and decreased NO. Treatment with captopril reduced blood pressure, AII, A, PRA, and ET, though not quite to normal values. COM leaf extracts significantly and dose-dependently reduced blood pressure, AII, A, RA and ET, whereas NO was increased. The highest dose of COM had the same effects as captopril.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The effects of COM extracts on blood pressure and biomarkers were dose-dependent and at the highest dose similar to those of captopril. This suggests an action of COM on the renin-angiotensin system, which could explain its antihypertensive effect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, PR China.
authors.forename: Wen-ting
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, PR China.
authors.forename: Adil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abdurahman
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, PR China.
authors.forename: Elzira
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Abdusalam
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, PR China.
authors.forename: Wuliya
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yiming
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Xinjiang Medical University, 830011 Urumqi, PR China.
authors.forename: Parida
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Abliz
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, PR China.
authors.forename: Qimangul
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Aji
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, PR China.
authors.forename: Mehray
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Issak
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, PR China.
authors.forename: Guldiyar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Iskandar
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, Universite de Bordeaux Segalen, F-33076 Bordeaux, France. Electronic address: nicholas.moore@pharmaco.u-bordeaux2.fr.
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, Universite de Bordeaux Segalen, F-33076 Bordeaux, France. Electronic address: anwar.umar@126.com.
authors.forename: Anwar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Umar
mesh_terms: D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002216:Captopril / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016232:Endothelins / Q000097:blood; D006978:Hypertension, Renovascular / Q000378:metabolism*; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000097:blood; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012083:Renin / Q000097:blood; D027824:Rosaceae
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D016232:Endothelins; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D010936:Plant Extracts; C495200:apelin-12 peptide; D000804:Angiotensin II; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D002216:Captopril; D012083:Renin
keywords: Angiotensin-II; Cydonia oblonga Mill.; Endothelin; Renal hypertensive rats