title: Clinical investigation of oral malodor during long-term use of arginine-containing dentifrices.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether the long term use of two dentifrices containing arginine, an insoluble calcium compound, and fluoride: (1) 1.5% arginine and 1450 ppm F as sodium monofluorophosphate (NaMFP) in a dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (dical) base, and (2) 8.0% arginine and 1450 ppm F as NaMFP in a calcium carbonate base, results in an increase in oral malodor potentially associated with increased ammonia production from breakdown of arginine, as compared to a commercially available fluoride dentifrice without arginine (1450 ppm F as NaMFP in a dical base), after 6 months of product use.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 6-month clinical study, with 119 subjects, was conducted in Chengdu, China, using a double blind, randomized, parallel, three-treatment design. A panel of four expert judges used a nine-point hedonic scale to evaluate breath odor using a protocol designed in concordance with the ADA Acceptance Program Guidelines for Product Used in the Management of Oral Malodor. After a baseline evaluation, study subjects who scored above the threshold value for unpleasant breath odor were stratified by score and randomized into one of three treatment groups. Subjects were provided with a soft-bristled manual toothbrush (Colgate Classic Clean Toothbrush) and brushed their teeth thoroughly in their regular and customary manner for 1 minute with their assigned dentifrice, twice daily. Before breath-odor evaluations, the subjects refrained from eating odorigenic foods and did not use dental hygiene procedures, breath mints, or mouth rinses for 48 hours and 12 hours, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no statistically significant difference in oral malodor levels among subjects using the three dentifrices after 1, 3 and 6 months of product use.
authors.forename: Deyu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Xue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: DeVizio
authors.forename: Luis R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Mateo
authors.forename: Serge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dibart
authors.forename: Yun-Po
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000641:Ammonia / Q000378:metabolism; D001120:Arginine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002119:Calcium Carbonate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003802:Dentifrices / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005459:Fluorides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006209:Halitosis / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010710:Phosphates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011446:Prospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D003802:Dentifrices; D010710:Phosphates; C012980:fluorophosphate; D000641:Ammonia; D001120:Arginine; D002119:Calcium Carbonate; C494366:calcium phosphate, dibasic, dihydrate; D005459:Fluorides