title: Monitoring of PAEMs and beta-agonists in urine for a small group of experimental subjects and PAEs and beta-agonists in drinking water consumed by the same subjects.
abstract: This 5-month study contains two parts: (1) to monitor the concentrations of 11 phthalate esters metabolites (PAEMs) and two beta-agonists in human urine samples collected from a small group of consented participants including 16 females and five males; and (2) to analyze the residues of phthalate esters (PAEs) and beta-agonists in various categories of drinking water consumed by the same group of subjects. Each category of human urine and drinking water had 183 samples of its own. The analytical results showed that nine PAEMs were detected in human urine and eight PAEs were detected in drinking water samples. It was found that average concentrations of PAEMs increased as the age increased, but no significant difference between sexes. Further, using the principal component analysis, the loadings of age effect were found to be two times greater than that of gender effect in terms of four DEHP metabolites. Regarding beta-agonists of concern (i.e., ractopamine and salbutamol), they were neither detected in human urine nor drinking water samples in this study.
authors.affiliation: Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Saou-Hsing
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Liou
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; Center for Emerging Contaminants Research, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan. Electronic address: gordon@mail.nsysu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Gordon C C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chih-Lung
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Han
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chiu
mesh_terms: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000652:urine*; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010795:Phthalic Acids / Q000652:urine*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D013624:Taiwan; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D060766:Drinking Water; D010795:Phthalic Acids; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Beta-agonists; LC–MS/MS; Phthalate ester metabolites; Phthalate esters; Urine