title: Predictors of HIV-associated nephropathy.
abstract: Renal disease accounts for significant morbidity and mortality in patients with HIV-1 infection. HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) is an important cause of end stage renal disease in this population. Although multiple genetic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics such as Apolipoproetin-1 genetic polymorphism, high viral load, low CD-4 count, nephrotic range proteinuria, and increased renal echogenicity on ultrasound are predictive of HIVAN, kidney biopsy remains the gold standard to make the definitive diagnosis. Current treatment options for HIVAN include initiation of combined active antiretroviral therapy, blockade of the renin-angiotensin system, and steroids. In patients with progression of HIVAN, renal transplant should be pursued as long as their systemic HIV infection is controlled.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Sana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Waheed
authors.forename: Mohamed G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Atta
mesh_terms: D016263:AIDS-Associated Nephropathy / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D018450:Disease Progression; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D011379:Prognosis; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000187:drug effects; D019562:Viral Load / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents