title: Calcium-dependent regulation of glucose homeostasis in the liver.
abstract: A major role of the liver is to integrate multiple signals to maintain normal blood glucose levels. The balance between glucose storage and mobilization is primarily regulated by the counteracting effects of insulin and glucagon. However, numerous signals converge in the liver to ensure energy demand matches the physiological status of the organism. Many circulating hormones regulate glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis and mitochondrial metabolism by calcium-dependent signaling mechanisms that manifest as cytosolic Ca(2+) oscillations. Stimulus-strength is encoded in the Ca(2+) oscillation frequency, and also by the range of intercellular Ca(2+) wave propagation in the intact liver. In this article, we describe how Ca(2+) oscillations and waves can regulate glucose output and oxidative metabolism in the intact liver; how multiple stimuli are decoded though Ca(2+) signaling at the organ level, and the implications of Ca(2+) signal dysregulation in diseases such as metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA. Electronic address: paula.bartlett@rutgers.edu.
authors.forename: Paula J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Bartlett
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Lawrence D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Gaspers
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pierobon
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Thomas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D020013:Calcium Signaling; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D053496:Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D053496:Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors; D005947:Glucose; D002118:Calcium
keywords: Calcium; Glucose homeostasis; Hepatocyte; IP3 receptor; Liver; Metabolic syndrome; Mitochondrial metabolism