title: Reliability and validity of goniometric iPhone applications for the assessment of active shoulder external rotation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability and validity of two smartphone applications: (1) GetMyROM - inclinometery-based and (2) DrGoniometry - photo-based in the measurement of active shoulder external rotation (ER) as compared to standard goniometry (SG).
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-four Texas Woman's University Doctor of Physical Therapy students from the School of Physical Therapy - Houston campus, were recruited to participate in this study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two iPhone applications were compared to SG using both novice and experienced raters. Active shoulder ER range of motion was measured over two time periods in random order by blinded novice and experienced raters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intra-rater reliability using novice raters for the two applications ranged from an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.79 to 0.81 with SG at 0.82. Inter-rater reliability (novice/expert) for the two applications ranged from an ICC of 0.92 to 0.94 with SG at 0.91. Concurrent validity (when compared to SG) ranged from 0.93 to 0.94. There were no significant differences between the novice and experienced raters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both applications were found to be reliable and comparable to SG. A photo-based application potentially offers a superior method of measurement as visualizing the landmarks may be simplified in this format and it provides a record of measurement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Further study using patient populations may find the two studied applications are useful as an adjunct for clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: School of Physical Therapy, Institute of Health Sciences - Houston Campus, Texas Woman's University , Houston, TX , USA.
authors.forename: Katy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: Simran Bakshi
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Gutierrez
authors.forename: Stacy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sutton
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morton
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morgenthaler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D059925:Anatomic Landmarks; D053587:Arthrometry, Articular / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D040421:Cell Phone; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D063731:Mobile Applications; D015588:Observer Variation; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D013781:Texas; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Goniometry; measurement; shoulder