title: Chronic pain in type 2 diabetic patients: a cross-sectional study in primary care setting.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although diabetes mellitus (DM) is often associated with painful neuropathic syndromes, a significant number of DM patients suffer from non-neuropathic (nociceptive) pain. Unfortunately, there is insufficient data on the epidemiology of nociceptive pain in DM patients and its effect on their quality of life.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To characterize pain in type 2 DM patients, and assess its effect on their quality of life.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population included 342 type 2 DM patients, 18 years of age and above (mean age 70.7 ± 9.7), who reported having pain. The study questionnaires included the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), the S-LANSS scale to assess pain with neuropathic features, life impact, and socio-demographic data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and fifty-five DM patients (46.5%) reported having pain of predominantly neuropathic origin. Almost 75% of patients with neuropathic pain were females, compared to 57.8% of patients with nociceptive pain (P = 0.002). More patients with neuropathic pain reported constant daily pain (57.6% vs. 42.4%, P < 0.0001), and worse pain during the night (53.3% vs. 46.7%, P = 0.045). The pain affected daily activities, walking capacity, and mood. Patients with neuropathic pain reported a greater negative effect of pain on their quality of life than those with nociceptive pain (41.0% vs. 15.3%, P < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The impact of neuropathic pain in DM patients is much more significant than nociceptive pain and affects their quality of life and daily function to a greater degree.
authors.affiliation: Nursing Department, Rekanati School for Community Health Professions, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva , Israel.
authors.forename: Orly
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Liberman
authors.forename: Roni
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Peleg
authors.forename: Pesach
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shvartzman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007557:Israel / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D011788:Quality of Life; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Diabetes mellitus; musculoskeletal pain; neuropathic pain; quality of life