title: The influence of vocal training and acting experience on measures of voice quality and emotional genuineness.
abstract: Vocal training through singing and acting lessons is known to modify acoustic parameters of the voice. While the effects of singing training have been well documented, the role of acting experience on the singing voice remains unclear. In two experiments, we used linear mixed models to examine the relationships between the relative amounts of acting and singing experience on the acoustics and perception of the male singing voice. In Experiment 1, 12 male vocalists were recorded while singing with five different emotions, each with two intensities. Acoustic measures of pitch accuracy, jitter, and harmonics-to-noise ratio (HNR) were examined. Decreased pitch accuracy and increased jitter, indicative of a lower "voice quality," were associated with more years of acting experience, while increased pitch accuracy was associated with more years of singing lessons. We hypothesized that the acoustic deviations exhibited by more experienced actors was an intentional technique to increase the genuineness or truthfulness of their emotional expressions. In Experiment 2, listeners rated vocalists' emotional genuineness. Vocalists with more years of acting experience were rated as more genuine than vocalists with less acting experience. No relationship was reported for singing training. Increased genuineness was associated with decreased pitch accuracy, increased jitter, and a higher HNR. These effects may represent a shifting of priorities by male vocalists with acting experience to emphasize emotional genuineness over pitch accuracy or voice quality in their singing performances.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Ryerson University Toronto, ON, Canada ; Toronto Rehabilitation Institute Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Steven R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Livingstone
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Queen's University Kingston, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Deanna H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Ryerson University Toronto, ON, Canada ; Toronto Rehabilitation Institute Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Frank A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Russo
keywords: acting; emotion; emotional genuineness; individual differences; linear mixed models; singing; training; voice quality