title: The use of in vitro fertilization in the management of male infertility: what the urologist needs to know.
abstract: Infertility affects approximately 10% to 20% of reproductive-age couples, many of whom may present initially to a urologist. Some couples may be treated medically to increase spontaneous conception rates; however, many will require more aggressive management with in vitro fertilization (IVF) and/or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). IVF involves ovarian stimulation, oocyte retrieval, and fertilization outside of the body; ICSI involves injecting one sperm into the oocyte to promote fertilization. Here we provide a brief overview of IVF and ICSI along with a discussion of the risks involved to facilitate the counseling and care of the infertile couple.
authors.affiliation: Division of Advanced Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado at Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO.
authors.forename: Sahar M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Stephens
authors.affiliation: University of Colorado at Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO.
authors.forename: Daniel M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Arnett
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado at Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO.
authors.forename: Randall B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Meacham
keywords: Intracytoplasmic sperm injection; Male infertility