title: Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) directly affects the feeding and reproduction behavior of its vector, Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) is a recently discovered member of the genus Fijivirus and it is transmitted by the rice whitebacked planthopper (WBPH), Sogatella furcifera (Horváth). It was found that SRBSDV infected vectors might contribute negatively to the WBPH population, although the longer nymphal period might benefit viral acquisition, transmission and increase infection rate. The interaction between SRBSDV and its vector need to be further explored to gain better understanding of the dispersal of WBPH and the spread of virus disease, in particular the feeding and reproduction behavior of viruliferous WBPH.
  
  
  METHODS
  Newly hatched nymphs of WBPH were fed on healthy rice plant after feeding on SRBSDV-infected rice plants for 2 h, and newly emerged adults were numbered and tested. Feeding behaviors of WBPH adults were monitored electronically within a Faraday cage using a Giga-4 DC EPG amplifier. The newly emerged adults were paired, and the fecundity and egg hatchability were investigated. WBPH was molecularly identified for SRBSDV when they dead. According to the identification results, data on viruliferous and non-viruliferous WBPH were collected and analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Feeding behavior of viruliferous WBPH was different from those of non-viruliferous WBPH. Frequency of phloem sap ingestion of viruliferous WBPH increased significantly, however the total feeding duration did not increase markedly. When both WBPH parents were infected with SRBSDV, their fecundity and hatchability of the eggs produced were significant lower than those of normal WBPH parents. However, if only one of the parents was viruliferous, fecundity and egg hatchability were only slightly affected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Viruliferous WBPH fed on the phloem more frequently than non-viruliferous WBPH and can thus contribute to virus transmission. When both vector parents are viruliferous fecundity and hatchability of the eggs were significantly reduced. However when only one of the parents WBPH was viruliferous, there were no significant effects.
authors.forename: Hongxing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Xiaochan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Xusong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Yajun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Junce
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Add, No 198 Shiqiao Rd, Hangzhou 310021, P R China. luzxmh@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Zhongxian
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005298:Fertility; D006430:Hemiptera / Q000502:physiology* / Q000821:virology*; D007303:Insect Vectors; D012087:Reoviridae / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012726:Sexual Behavior, Animal