title: Comparison of postoperative analgesic effect of intrathecal clonidine and fentanyl added to bupivacaine in patients undergoing cesarean section: a prospective randomized double-blind study.
abstract: Objectives. To compare the analgesic efficacy of intrathecal clonidine and fentanyl added to bupivacaine after cesarean section. Methods. Ninety patients scheduled for cesarean section under spinal anesthesia were randomly allocated to one of the three following groups to receive bupivacaine 10 mg combined with 75 µg clonidine (group C), bupivacaine 10 mg combined with 0.5 mL fentanyl (group F), and bupivacaine 10 mg combined with 0.5 mL distilled water (group P), intrathecally. The time to first analgesic request, analgesic requirement in the first 24 hours after surgery, sensory and motor blockade onset time, duration of sensory and motor blockade, the incidence of hypotension, ephedrine requirements, bradycardia, and hypoxemia were recorded. Results. The duration of anesthesia in clonidine group (275.10 ± 96.09) was longer compared to the placebo (211.73 ± 74.80) and fentanyl (192.33 ± 30.36) groups. This difference between group C versus F (P = 0.006) and P groups (P < 0.001) was significant. Similarly, the mean time to first analgesic request was also longer in group C (519.44 ± 86.25) than in groups F (277.88 ± 94.25) and P (235.43 ± 22.35 min). This difference between group C versus F (P < 0.001) and P groups (P < 0.001) was significant. Conclusion. Intrathecal clonidine 75 µg with bupivacaine prolonged the time to first analgesic request compared to fentanyl; however, the total analgesic consumption within the first 24 h postoperative was similar in fentanyl and clonidine groups following cesarean section. This trial is registered with ACTRN12611000909921 and ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01425658.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Bahonar Boulevard, P.O. Box 34197/59811, Qazvin 3419759811, Iran.
authors.forename: Marzieh Beigom
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Khezri
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Bahonar Boulevard, P.O. Box 34197/59811, Qazvin 3419759811, Iran.
authors.forename: Meisam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rezaei
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Bahonar Boulevard, P.O. Box 34197/59811, Qazvin 3419759811, Iran.
authors.forename: Morteza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Delkhosh Reihany
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Bahonar Boulevard, P.O. Box 34197/59811, Qazvin 3419759811, Iran.
authors.forename: Ezzatalsadat
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Haji Seid Javadi