title: Chiropractic intervention in the treatment of postmenopausal climacteric symptoms and insomnia: A review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Insomnia is a frequent postmenopausal symptom and may be due to hormonal changes, depressive states related to this period of life, hot flashes or nocturia. Chiropractic care has been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of these symptoms.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to review chiropractic interventions in postmenopausal women as a possible management approach to menopausal symptoms and insomnia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A PubMed search was conducted by cross-referencing the key words insomnia, sleep, and menopause with chiropractic. The search used an end date of January 2014 and retrieved 17 articles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three articles were eligible for the study. All epidemiological data from large surveys demonstrated a lack of evidence for chiropractic intervention as a complementary and alternative therapeutic method in the management of menopausal symptoms and insomnia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is no evidence for the effectiveness of chiropractic intervention as a complementary and alternative therapy for menopausal symptoms and insomnia. Further studies with proper methodological designs are warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Viviane
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Frange
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Monica L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: José M S
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Júnior
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tufik
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: helena.hachul@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hachul
mesh_terms: D002684:Chiropractic; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D019584:Hot Flashes / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D026882:Manipulation, Chiropractic; D053158:Nocturia / Q000150:complications; D017698:Postmenopause; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*
keywords: Chiropractic; Insomnia; Menopause; Postmenopause; Sleep disturbance