title: Staying on track: a cluster randomized controlled trial of automated reminders aimed at increasing human papillomavirus vaccine completion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether automated reminders increase on-time completion of the three-dose human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten reproductive health centers enrolled 365 women aged 19-26 to receive dose one of the HPV vaccine. Health centers were matched and randomized so that participants received either routine follow-up (control) or automated reminder messages for vaccine doses two and three (intervention). Intervention participants selected their preferred method of reminders - text, e-mail, phone, private Facebook message, or standard mail. We compared vaccine completion rates between groups over a period of 32 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The reminder system did not increase completion rates, which overall were low at 17.2% in the intervention group and 18.9% in the control group (p=0.881). Exploratory analyses revealed that participants who completed the series on-time were more likely to be older (OR=1.15, 95% CI 1.01-1.31), report having completed a four-year college degree or more (age-adjusted OR=2.51, 95% CI 1.29-4.90), and report three or more lifetime sexual partners (age-adjusted OR=3.45, 95% CI 1.20-9.92).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study intervention did not increase HPV vaccine series completion. Despite great public health interest in HPV vaccine completion and reminder technologies, completion rates remain low.
authors.affiliation: Planned Parenthood Federation of America, 434 West 33rd Street, New York, NY 10001, United States; Division of Family Planning, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, John H. Stroger, Jr. Hospital of Cook County, 1900 West Polk Street, 5th Floor, Chicago, IL 60612, United States. Electronic address: ashlesha.patel@ppfa.org.
authors.forename: Ashlesha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Planned Parenthood Federation of America, 434 West 33rd Street, New York, NY 10001, United States. Electronic address: lisa.stern@ppfa.org.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Stern
authors.affiliation: Planned Parenthood Federation of America, 434 West 33rd Street, New York, NY 10001, United States. Electronic address: zoe.unger@ppfa.org.
authors.forename: Zoe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Unger
authors.affiliation: Planned Parenthood Federation of America, 434 West 33rd Street, New York, NY 10001, United States. Electronic address: elie.debevec@ppfa.org.
authors.forename: Elie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Debevec
authors.affiliation: Division of Family Planning, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, John H. Stroger, Jr. Hospital of Cook County, 1900 West Polk Street, 5th Floor, Chicago, IL 60612, United States. Electronic address: alicia.roston@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Alicia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Roston
authors.affiliation: Westport Compass, 3011 S. Plateau, Salt Lake City, UT 84109, United States. Electronic address: rhanover@westportcompass.com.
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hanover
authors.affiliation: Planned Parenthood Federation of America, 434 West 33rd Street, New York, NY 10001, United States. Electronic address: johanna.morfesis@ppfa.org.
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Morfesis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007115:Immunization Schedule; D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017010:Reminder Systems; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines
keywords: Completion; Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine; Information technology; Reminder-recalls