title: Biomarkers involved in energy metabolism and oxidative stress response in the liver of Goodea gracilis Hubbs and Turner, 1939 exposed to the microcystin-producing Microcystis aeruginosa LB85 strain.
abstract: Goodea gracilis is an endemic fish that only habitats in some water bodies of Central Mexico that are contaminated with cyanobacteria-producing microcystins (MC); however, a lack of information on this topic prevails. With the aim to generate the first approximation about the physiological changes elicited by cyanobacterium that produce MC congeners in this fish species, specimens born in the laboratory was exposed for 96 h to cell densities of 572.5, 1145, 2290, 4580, and 9160 × 10(6) cells of Microcystis aeruginosa strain LB85/L, and a set of novel endpoint related to hepatic gluconeogenesis (ADH/LDH) and pro-oxidant forces O2., H2 O2 ) in addition to biomarkers of oxidative damage and antioxidant response was evaluated in the liver. Results suggest that high inhibition of protein serine/threonine phosphatase (PP) may trigger many metabolic processes, such as those related to hepatic gluconeogenesis (ADH/LDH) and pro-oxidant O2⋅, H2 O2 , TBARS, ROOH, RC=O) as well as antioxidant (SOD, CAT, GPx) response to oxidative stress. Particularly, we observed that inhibition of LDH and PP, and H2 O2 increase and TBARS production were the key damages induced by high densities of M. aeruginosa. However, changes between aerobic and anaerobic metabolism related with ROS metabolism and ADH/LDH balance are apparently an acclimation of this fish species to exposure to cyanobacteria or their MCs. Fish species living in environments potentially contaminated with cyanobacteria or their MCs possess mechanisms of acclimation that allow them to offset the damage induced, even in the case of fish that have never been exposed to MCs.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, IPN, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n, Unidad Profesional Zacatenco, CP 07839, México, DF, México.
authors.forename: Hugo F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Olivares Rubio
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, IPN, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n, Unidad Profesional Zacatenco, CP 07839, México, DF, México.
authors.forename: M Lysset
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Martínez-Torres
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, IPN, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n, Unidad Profesional Zacatenco, CP 07839, México, DF, México.
authors.forename: Minerva
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nájera-Martínez
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, IPN, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n, Unidad Profesional Zacatenco, CP 07839, México, DF, México.
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dzul-Caamal
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica I, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, IPN, Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, CP 11340, México, DF, México.
authors.forename: María Lilia
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Domínguez-López
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica I, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, IPN, Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, CP 11340, México, DF, México.
authors.forename: Ethel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: García-Latorre
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, IPN, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n, Unidad Profesional Zacatenco, CP 07839, México, DF, México.
authors.forename: Armando
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vega-López
mesh_terms: D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D003532:Cyprinodontiformes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D052998:Microcystins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D046931:Microcystis / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D052998:Microcystins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C078588:microcystin; D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases
keywords: ADH; CAT; GPx; LDH; SOD; carbonyl proteins; hydrogen peroxide; hydroperoxide radical; lipid peroxidation; protein phosphatase; superoxide anion