title: Latent profile analysis of eating episodes in anorexia nervosa.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite being characterized primarily by disturbances in eating behavior, relatively little is known about specific eating behaviors in anorexia nervosa (AN) and how they relate to different emotional, behavioral, and environmental features.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women with AN (n = 118) completed a 2-week ecological momentary assessment (EMA) protocol during which they reported on daily eating- and mood-related patterns. Latent profile analysis was used to identify classes of eating episodes based on the presence or absence of the following indicators: loss of control; overeating; eating by oneself; food avoidance; and dietary restraint.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The best-fitting model supported a 5-class solution: avoidant eating; solitary eating; binge eating; restrictive eating; and loss of control eating. The loss of control and binge eating classes were characterized by high levels of concurrent negative affect and a greater likelihood of engaging in compensatory behaviors. The restrictive eating class was associated with the greatest number of concurrently-reported stressful events, while the avoidant and solitary eating episode classes were characterized by relatively few accompanying stressful events. Body checking was least likely to occur in conjunction with restrictive eating behaviors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results support the presence of discrete types of eating episodes in AN that are associated with varying degrees of negative affect, stress, and behavioral features of eating disorders. Loss of control and dietary restriction may serve distinct functional purposes in AN, as highlighted by their differing associations with negative affect and stress. Clinical interventions for AN may benefit from targeting functional aspects of eating behavior among those with the disorder.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, The University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., MC 3077, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. Electronic address: goldschmidta@uchicago.edu.
authors.forename: Andrea B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Goldschmidt
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Research, Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Fargo, ND, USA; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of North Dakota School of Medicine, Fargo, ND, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Wonderlich
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Research, Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Fargo, ND, USA; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of North Dakota School of Medicine, Fargo, ND, USA.
authors.forename: Ross D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Crosby
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Research, Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Fargo, ND, USA.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Research, Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Fargo, ND, USA; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of North Dakota School of Medicine, Fargo, ND, USA.
authors.forename: Scott G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Engel
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Research, Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Fargo, ND, USA.
authors.forename: Jason M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lavender
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Research, Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Fargo, ND, USA; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of North Dakota School of Medicine, Fargo, ND, USA.
authors.forename: James E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA; The Emily Program, St. Paul, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Scott J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Crow
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Carol B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, The University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., MC 3077, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Le Grange
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000856:Anorexia Nervosa / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D004777:Environment; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Anorexia nervosa; Binge eating; Dietary restriction; Eating behavior; Ecological momentary assessment; Negative affect