title: Vaccines that stimulate T cell immunity to HIV-1: the next step.
abstract: The search for a vaccine against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) has many hurdles to overcome. Ideally, the stimulation of both broadly neutralizing antibodies and cell-mediated immune responses remains the best option, but no candidate in clinical trials at present has elicited such antibodies, and efficacy trials have not demonstrated any benefit for vaccines designed to stimulate immune responses of CD8(+) T cells. Findings obtained with the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) monkey model have provided new evidence that stimulating effective CD8(+) T cell immunity could provide protection, and in this Perspective we explore the path forward for optimizing such responses in humans.
authors.affiliation: Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: McMichael
authors.affiliation: International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Wayne C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Koff
mesh_terms: D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D000940:Antigenic Variation / Q000276:immunology; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D000882:Haplorhini; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization; D016056:Immunodominant Epitopes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015202:Protein Engineering; D018449:SAIDS Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000276:immunology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D000956:Antigens, Viral; D016056:Immunodominant Epitopes; D018449:SAIDS Vaccines