title: A method for systematic electrochemical and electrophysiological evaluation of neural recording electrodes.
abstract: New materials and designs for neural implants are typically tested separately, with a demonstration of performance but without reference to other implant characteristics. This precludes a rational selection of a particular implant as optimal for a particular application and the development of new materials based on the most critical performance parameters. This article develops a protocol for in vitro and in vivo testing of neural recording electrodes. Recommended parameters for electrochemical and electrophysiological testing are documented with the key steps and potential issues discussed. This method eliminates or reduces the impact of many systematic errors present in simpler in vivo testing paradigms, especially variations in electrode/neuron distance and between animal models. The result is a strong correlation between the critical in vitro and in vivo responses, such as impedance and signal-to-noise ratio. This protocol can easily be adapted to test other electrode materials and designs. The in vitro techniques can be expanded to any other nondestructive method to determine further important performance indicators. The principles used for the surgical approach in the auditory pathway can also be modified to other neural regions or tissue.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychological Science, La Trobe University; ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science; alexrharris@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Alexander R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.affiliation: School of Psychological Science, La Trobe University; ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science.
authors.forename: Simeon J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.affiliation: ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science.
authors.forename: Gordon G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.affiliation: School of Psychological Science, La Trobe University; ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science; Health Innovations Research Institute, College of Science, Engineering, and Health, RMIT University.
authors.forename: Antonio G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Paolini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001557:Benzenesulfonates; D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D004594:Electrophysiology / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D011108:Polymers; D011758:Pyrroles; D051381:Rats; D013431:Sulfates
chemical_list: D001557:Benzenesulfonates; D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D011108:Polymers; D011758:Pyrroles; D013431:Sulfates; C121383:poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene); C067635:polypyrrole; C029501:4-toluenesulfonic acid