title: What predicts negative effects of rheumatoid arthritis? A follow-up two years after diagnosis.
abstract: We aimed at analyzing important predictive factors for experienced negative emotional and social effects of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) two years after diagnosis in patients aged 18-65 years. The first group included 41 participants, who had psychosocial problems (PSP) already at diagnosis, and who received an intervention by a medical social worker to improve coping capacity and social situation. The second group included 54 patients (NPSP) without such problems at diagnosis. All completed a questionnaire mapping their social situation, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC) and the General Coping Questionnaire (GCQ) at diagnosis and after 24 months. The most pronounced predictive factor for a strong impact of the disease was high scores on HADS depression scale. After 24 months, PSP participants had a more strained life situation, with higher scores on anxiety and depression and lower on SOC, in comparison with NPSP. NPSP participants improved their coping strategies regarding self-trust, cognitive revaluation, protest and intrusion, but deteriorated regarding problem focusing and social trust. PSP patients kept their initial coping strategies, except for intrusion decreasing over time, and seemed to have a more rigid coping pattern. However, the experienced negative impact of the disease increased over time in both groups despite improvement in sickness related data. Mostly influenced areas were economy, leisure time activities and social life. We conclude that psychosocial consequences of RA are more connected to emotional and social vulnerability than are RA-related clinical factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Work, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, 171 76 Stockholm Sweden ; Centre for Family Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels allé 12, Huddinge, 141 83 Sweden.
authors.forename: Catharina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gåfvels
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Work, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, 171 76 Stockholm Sweden ; Department of Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, 171 76 Stockholm Sweden.
authors.forename: Margareta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hägerström
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, 171 76 Stockholm Sweden.
authors.forename: Birgitta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nordmark
authors.affiliation: Centre for Family Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels allé 12, Huddinge, 141 83 Sweden.
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wändell
keywords: Adaptation; Anxiety; Coping; Depression; Psychosocial factors; Rheumatoid arthritis