title: Correlation between cerebral microbleeds and S100B/RAGE in acute lacunar stroke patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  S100B and its scavenger, soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE), participate in various acute and chronic brain disorders. However, their impact on hemorrhage-prone small vessel disease represented by cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) is unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of CMBs with plasma S100B and sRAGE.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort of 147 consecutive patients with first-ever acute lacunar stroke was prospectively enrolled. We collected demographic, clinical, and laboratory data, including plasma levels of S100B and sRAGE, and presence and number of CMBs using susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI). Associations between plasma S100B, sRAGE levels and the presence, number, and location of CMBs were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CMBs were present in 58 patients (39.5%). Each 1SD-increase in S100B and sRAGE levels was significantly associated with presence of CMBs (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 3.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.81-5.17 and adjusted OR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.16-0.53; respectively) and number of CMBs (adjusted relative risk [RR], 4.07; 95% CI, 3.60-5.65 for S100B and RR 0.34; 95% CI, 0.25-0.46 for sRAGE). When stratified by location, plasma S100B and sRAGE levels were similarly associated with presence of deep CMBs (adjusted OR, 3.65; 95% CI, 1.99-6.69 and adjusted OR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.12-0.46; respectively), but not with strictly lobar CMBs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher levels of S100B and lower levels of sRAGE are independently associated with presence and number of CMBs in patients with first-ever acute lacunar stroke, particularly in those with deep CMBs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China.
authors.forename: Lulu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Southern Medical University, Nanjing 210002, China.
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China.
authors.forename: Wenya
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lan
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China; Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Southern Medical University, Nanjing 210002, China.
authors.forename: Yunyun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Southern Medical University, Nanjing 210002, China.
authors.forename: Zuowei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China.
authors.forename: Zongjun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China.
authors.forename: Wenping
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China.
authors.forename: Lili
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Southern Medical University, Nanjing 210002, China.
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China.
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China.
authors.forename: Ruidong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China; Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Southern Medical University, Nanjing 210002, China.
authors.forename: Gelin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China; Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Southern Medical University, Nanjing 210002, China.
authors.forename: Xinfeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China; Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Southern Medical University, Nanjing 210002, China. Electronic address: zwsemail@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Wusheng
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000097:blood*; D012307:Risk Factors; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit / Q000097:blood*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D059409:Stroke, Lacunar / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit
keywords: Cerebral microbleeds; Lacunar stroke; S100B; Small vessel disease; Susceptibility-weighted imaging; sRAGE