title: Effect of carvedilol on atrial remodeling in canine model of atrial fibrillation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the effect of carvedilol, a beta-blocker with anti-oxidative action, against the atrial fibrillation (AF) inducibility, the development of atrial remodeling and the oxidative stress markers in a canine AF model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  AF model was produced by performing 6-week rapid atrial stimulation in 15 dogs. The animals were divided into the following three groups: (I) pacing + carvedilol group (n=5); (II) pacing control group (n=5); and (III) non-pacing group (n=5). AF inducibility was gradually increased along the time course in the pacing control group. In the pacing + carvedilol group, the AF inducibility was suppressed especially in the latter phase of protocol in comparison with the pacing control group. Although carvedilol has beta-blocking effect, pacing control and pacing + carvedilol groups did not exhibit difference in the heart rate (177±13 vs. 155±13 bpm, P=0.08). On 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), dihydroethidium and dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate staining, enhanced oxidative stress was observed in the atrial tissue in the pacing control, but not in the pacing + carvedilol group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Carvedilol suppressed AF inducibility and oxidative stress in the canine AF model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kishihara
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Niwano
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroe
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Niwano
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Aoyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oikawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan.
authors.forename: Michiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kiryu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidehira
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fukaya
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Masaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tamaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan.
authors.forename: Tohru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Izumi
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan.
authors.forename: Junya
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ako
keywords: Carvedilol; atrial fibrillation (AF); atrial remodeling; beta-blockade; oxidative stress