title: Synergistic effect of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and platelet-rich plasma in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diabetic wounds are a major clinical challenge, because minor skin wounds can lead to chronic, unhealed ulcers and ultimately result in infection, gangrene, or even amputation. Studies on bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and a series of growth factors have revealed their many benefits for wound healing and regeneration. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) may improve the environment for BMSC development and differentiation. However, whether combined use of BMSCs and PRP may be more effective for accelerating diabetic ulcer healing remains unclear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the efficacy of BMSCs and PRP for the repair of refractory wound healing in a diabetic rat model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight rats with diabetes mellitus induced by streptozotocin were divided into four groups: treatment with BMSCs plus PRP, BMSCs alone, PRP alone, phosphate buffered saline. The rate of wound closure was quantified. A histopathological study was conducted regarding wound depth and the skin edge at 7, 14, and 28 days after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Wound healing rates were significantly higher in the BMSC plus PRP group than in the other groups. The immunohistochemistry results showed that the expression of platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and transforming growth factor-β1 increased significantly in the BMSC plus PRP group compared to the other treatment groups. On day 7, CD68 expression increased significantly in the wounds of the BMSC plus PRP group, but decreased markedly at day 14 compared to the controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of BMSCs and PRP aids diabetic wound repair and regeneration.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical College, Campus of Chashan High Education, Wenzhou, China.
authors.forename: Zhenzhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lian
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xiaojing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical College, Campus of Chashan High Education, Wenzhou, China.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical College, Campus of Chashan High Education, Wenzhou, China.
authors.forename: Lili
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical College, Campus of Chashan High Education, Wenzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xiuzhen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical College, Campus of Chashan High Education, Wenzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yongbo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical College, Campus of Chashan High Education, Wenzhou, China.
authors.forename: Naihua
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical College, Campus of Chashan High Education, Wenzhou, China.
authors.forename: Kayiu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical College, Campus of Chashan High Education, Wenzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xiaokun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical College, Campus of Chashan High Education, Wenzhou, China.
authors.forename: Shaoqiang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lin
keywords: Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell; Diabetes mellitus; Platelet-rich plasma; Wounds