title: Chlamydia pneumoniae and typical bacteria occurrence in adenoid in children qualified for adenoidectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The ability to occur in a persistent form and to inhibit apoptosis in host cells are the features of Chlamydia pneumoniae which may be associated with adenoid hypertrophy. This study aimed to (1) demonstrate the presence of C. pneumoniae DNA in the adenoid in children qualified for adenoidectomy, (2) evaluate the correlation between the presence of C. pneumoniae in the adenoid and the child's age, the size of adenoid, the incidence of recurrent respiratory tract infections, (3) demonstrate the co-occurrence of C. pneumoniae and typical bacteria in the adenoid tissue.
  
  
  METHODS
  A group of 200 children aged from 2 to 16 years (mean age 6.4) undergoing adenoidectomy from February 2010 to May 2011 were enrolled to the study. Adenoid tissue removed during planned adenoidectomy was analyzed for the presence of C. pneumoniae by real-time PCR and for the presence of typical bacteria by bacteriological culture. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS PASW Statistics 18 software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  C. pneumoniae was detected in the adenoid in 5.5% of the 200 children. Positive results were obtained most frequently (24.1%, 7/29) in the eldest group (10-16 years). In PCR positive children the degree of choanal narrowing by an adenoid tended to be larger than in PCR negative children. The occurrence of C. pneumoniae in the adenoid was not associated with a presence of a specific typical bacterium.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of C. pneumoniae in an adenoid was most frequently detected in the children of 10-16 years qualified for adenoidectomy.
authors.affiliation: ENT Department, Children's Hospital, 4/24 Nieklanska Street, 03-924 Warsaw, Poland. Electronic address: annabielicka@op.pl.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bielicka
authors.affiliation: ENT Department, Children's Hospital, 4/24 Nieklanska Street, 03-924 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Beata
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zielnik-Jurkiewicz
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Public Paediatric Teaching Hospital, 24 Marszalkowska Street, 00-576 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Edyta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Podsiadły
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Public Paediatric Teaching Hospital, 24 Marszalkowska Street, 00-576 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rogulska
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Public Paediatric Teaching Hospital, 24 Marszalkowska Street, 00-576 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Urszula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Demkow
mesh_terms: D000233:Adenoidectomy / Q000379:methods*; D000234:Adenoids / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D000293:Adolescent; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D023521:Chlamydophila Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016993:Chlamydophila pneumoniae / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018579:Patient Selection; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004269:DNA, Bacterial
keywords: Adenoid; Children; Chlamydia pneumoniae; PCR