title: The Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism of Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme Gene is Associated With Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament in the Korean Population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether ACE insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism is associated with the ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) of the spine in the Korean population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-control study was conducted to investigate the association between I/D polymorphism of the angiotensin I converting enzyme (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) 1 (ACE) gene and OPLL. The 95 OPLL patients and 274 control subjects were recruited. Polymerase chain reaction for the genotyping of ACE I/D polymorphism was performed. The difference between the OPLL patients and the control subjects was compared using the contingency χ(2) test and the logistic regression analysis. For statistical analysis, SPSS, SNPStats, SNPAnalyzer, and Helixtree programs were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The genotype and allele frequencies of ACE I/D polymorphism showed significant differences between the OPLL patients and the control subjects (genotype, p<0.001; allele, p=0.009). The frequencies of D/D genotype and D allele in the OPLL group were higher than those in the control group. In logistic regression analysis, ACE I/D polymorphism was associated with OPLL (dominant model; p=0.002; odd ratio, 2.20; 95% confidence interval, 1.33-3.65).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that the deletion polymorphism of the ACE gene may be a risk factor for the development of OPLL in the Korean population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Dong Hwan
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Dong Hwan
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hee-Sang
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Seong Ki
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Min
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Seung Don
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyu Hoon
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ki-Tack
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Dae Jean
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Jo
authors.affiliation: Kohwang Medical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Su Kang
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Kohwang Medical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Joo-Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Pharmacology, Dankook University College of Dentistry, Cheonan, Korea.
authors.forename: Ju Yeon
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Ban
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Yong
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lee
keywords: Angiotension converting enzyme; Genetic association analysis; Genetic polymorphism; Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament