title: Rapid granulation tissue regeneration by intracellular ATP delivery--a comparison with Regranex.
abstract: This study tests a new intracellular ATP delivery technique for tissue regeneration and compares its efficacy with that of Regranex. Twenty-seven adult New Zealand white rabbits each underwent minimally invasive surgery to render one ear ischemic. Eight wounds were then created: four on the ischemic and four on the normal ear. Two wounds on one side of each ear were treated with Mg-ATP encapsulated lipid vesicles (ATP-vesicles) while the two wounds on the other side were treated with Regranex. Wound healing time was shorter when ATP-vesicles were used. The most striking finding was that new tissue growth started to appear in less than 1 day when ATP-vesicles were used. The growth continued and covered the wound area within a few days, without the formation of a provisional matrix. Regranex-treated wounds did not have this growth pattern. In wounds treated by ATP-vesicles, histologic studies revealed extremely rich macrophage accumulation, along with active proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and positive BrdU staining, indicating in situ macrophage proliferation. Human macrophage culture suggested direct collagen production. These results support an entirely new healing process, which seems to have combined the conventional hemostasis, inflammation, and proliferation phases into a single one, thereby eliminating the lag time usually seen during healing process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America.
authors.forename: Jeffrey D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America.
authors.forename: Harshini
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sarojini
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America.
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America.
authors.forename: Sufan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chien
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D000077214:Becaplermin; D002452:Cell Count; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003094:Collagen / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006097:Granulation Tissue / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D042541:Intracellular Space / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis / Q000494:pharmacology; D011817:Rabbits; D012038:Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D012881:Skin Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis; D000077214:Becaplermin; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D003094:Collagen