title: Heated vegetable oils and cardiovascular disease risk factors.
abstract: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It may result from the interactions between multiple genetic and environmental factors including sedentary lifestyle and dietary habits. The quality of dietary oils and fats has been widely recognised to be inextricably linked to the pathogenesis of CVD. Vegetable oil is one of the essential dietary components in daily food consumption. However, the benefits of vegetable oil can be deteriorated by repeated heating that leads to lipid oxidation. The practice of using repeatedly heated cooking oil is not uncommon as it will reduce the cost of food preparation. Thermal oxidation yields new functional groups which may be potentially hazardous to cardiovascular health. Prolonged consumption of the repeatedly heated oil has been shown to increase blood pressure and total cholesterol, cause vascular inflammation as well as vascular changes which predispose to atherosclerosis. The harmful effect of heated oils is attributed to products generated from lipid oxidation during heating process. In view of the potential hazard of oxidation products, therefore this review article will provide an insight and awareness to the general public on the consumption of repeatedly heated oils which is detrimental to health.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Chun-Yi
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Clinical Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Xin-Fang
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Leong
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Norliana
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Masbah
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Siti Khadijah
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Adam
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Yusof
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kamisah
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Electronic address: kamsiah@medic.ukm.my.
authors.forename: Kamsiah
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jaarin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000209:etiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000209:etiology; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000209:etiology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012307:Risk Factors; D066253:Vascular Remodeling
chemical_list: D010938:Plant Oils
keywords: Aetiology; Cardiovascular diseases; Heating; Plant oils