title: Carbon nanotubes as VEGF carriers to improve the early vascularization of porcine small intestinal submucosa in abdominal wall defect repair.
abstract: Insufficient early vascularization in biological meshes, resulting in limited host tissue incorporation, is thought to be the primary cause for the failure of abdominal wall defect repair after implantation. The sustained release of exogenous angiogenic factors from a biocompatible nanomaterial might be a way to overcome this limitation. In the study reported here, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) were functionalized by plasma polymerization to deliver vascular endothelial growth factor165 (VEGF165). The novel VEGF165-controlled released system was incorporated into porcine small intestinal submucosa (PSIS) to construct a composite scaffold. Scaffolds incorporating varying amounts of VEGF165-loaded functionalized MWNT were characterized in vitro. At 5 weight percent MWNT, the scaffolds exhibited optimal properties and were implanted in rats to repair abdominal wall defects. PSIS scaffolds incorporating VEGF165-loaded MWNT (VEGF-MWNT-PSIS) contributed to early vascularization from 2-12 weeks postimplantation and obtained more effective collagen deposition and exhibited improved tensile strength at 24 weeks postimplantation compared to PSIS or PSIS scaffolds, incorporating MWNT without VEGF165 loading (MWNT-PSIS).
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Hernia and Abdominal Wall Disease Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhengni
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Lu'an People's Hospital, Lu'an Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Lu'an, Province Anhui, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xueyi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Hernia and Abdominal Wall Disease Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Huichun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Hernia and Abdominal Wall Disease Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of the Ministry of Education, Research Institute of Micro/Nano Science and Technology, Bio-X Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Daxiang
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Hernia and Abdominal Wall Disease Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Hernia and Abdominal Wall Disease Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D034861:Abdominal Wall / Q000098:blood supply / Q000601:surgery; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004337:Drug Carriers; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008422:Materials Testing; D050997:Nanomedicine; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000009:adverse effects; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D034421:Sus scrofa; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004337:Drug Carriers; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
keywords: controlled release; early vascularization; multi-walled carbon nanotube; vascular endothelial growth factor165