title: Postnatal depression and its associated factors in women from different cultures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common health problem which affects women in the postpartum period. This is a brief note on its associated factors in women from different cultures.
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature review was performed in MEDLINE and Pubmed from 1991 to 2008 and Magiran from 1991 to 2009. Additional articles and book chapters were referenced from these sources.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of postpartum depression has been reported to be from 0.5% to 60% globally, and from 3.5% to 63.3% in Asian countries, in which Malaysia and Pakistan had respectively the lowest and highest rates. One of the factors contributing to PPD in Asian societies can be that women may not have the empowerment to reject traditional rituals that are imposed on them by their caregivers. Unsatisfactory pre-existing relationships between the mothers and their caregivers resulting in mothers experiencing difficulties during their confinement period may be another factor. Thirdly, some features of these traditional rituals may be the cause of tension, stress and emotional distress. Emotional conflicts caused by insistence on practice of traditional rituals during the postpartum period may lead to mental breakdown.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Health care professionals should be aware that the phenomenon in Asian cultures is as prevalent as European cultures. Moreover, further research needs to be conducted on the global prevalence of the experiences of childbearing women with depressive symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, College of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Abdollahi
authors.affiliation: Department of Community of Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Munn-Sann
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Lye
authors.affiliation: Department Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Azhar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Md Zain
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Sazlina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shariff Ghazali
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Centre, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
authors.forename: Mehran
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zarghami
keywords: Cultures; Postpartum depression; Risk factors