title: Intermediate-term oncologic outcomes of robot-assisted radical cystectomy for urothelial carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate intermediate-term oncologic outcomes in a large series of patients who were treated with robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB).
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 2004 and 2010, 162 patients underwent RARC at City of Hope Cancer Center for UCB and were analyzed with respect to overall (OS), disease-specific (DSS), and disease-free survival (DFS). Descriptive statistics were used to summarize demographics and perioperative variables. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate survival and recurrence. Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to determine predictors of survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median follow-up was 52 months. Thirty-eight (23.4%) patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy before RARC; 28% of patients were pT2 and 33% had final pathology status of pT3 or pT4. Median lymph node count was 28, and positive surgical margin rate was 4.3%. Local recurrence occurred in 11 (6.8%) patients. OS, DFS, and DSS at 3 years were 61%, 76%, and 83%, respectively. OS, DFS, and DSS at 5 years were 54%, 74%, and 80%, respectively. Predictors of OS and DFS on multivariable analysis were lymph node density, pathologic stage, and age-adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index, while receipt of transfusion was also a negative predictor of OS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RARC provides an effective means of treatment of UCB in a minimally invasive fashion with comparable oncologic outcomes to that reported in the literature of open procedures.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Urologic Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center , Duarte, California.
authors.forename: Bertram
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yuh
authors.forename: Robert R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Torrey
authors.forename: Nora H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Ruel
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wittig
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tobis
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Linehan
authors.forename: Clayton S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: Kevin G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yamzon
authors.forename: Timothy G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Wilson
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D015653:Cystectomy / Q000379:methods*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000401:mortality; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*