title: Trichokonins from Trichoderma pseudokoningii SMF2 induce resistance against Gram-negative Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum in Chinese cabbage.
abstract: Peptaibols, mainly produced by Trichoderma, play a pivotal role in controlling plant disease caused by fungi, virus, and Gram-positive bacteria. In the current study, we evaluated the control effect of Trichokonins, antimicrobial peptaibols from Trichoderma pseudokoningii SMF2, on soft rot disease of Chinese cabbage caused by a Gram-negative bacterium Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum and analyzed the mechanism involved. Trichokonins treatment (0.3 mg L(-1) ) enhanced the resistance of Chinese cabbage against Pcc infection. However, Trichokonins could hardly inhibit the growth of Pcc in vitro, even at high concentration (500 mg L(-1) ). Therefore, the direct effect of Trichokonins on Pcc may not the main reason why Trichokonins could control soft rot of Chinese cabbage. Trichokonin treatment led to an obvious increase in the production of reactive oxygen species hydrogen peroxide and superoxide radical, a significant enhance of the activities of pathogenesis-related enzymes catalase, polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase, and upregulation of the expression of salicylic acid - responsive pathogenesis-related protein gene acidic PR-1a in Chinese cabbage. These results indicate that Trichokonins induce resistance in Chinese cabbage against Pcc infection through the activation of salicylic acid signaling pathway, which imply the potential of Trichoderma and peptaibols in controlling plant disease caused by Gram-negative bacteria.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China.
authors.forename: Hai-Yun
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Xiu-Sheng
authors.initials: XS
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Wei-Ling
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Zhi-Ting
authors.initials: ZT
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Lei-Lei
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Xiu-Lan
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yu-Zhong
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xiao-Yan
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D000408:Alamethicin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001937:Brassica / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016973:Pectobacterium carotovorum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D020156:Salicylic Acid / Q000276:immunology; D014242:Trichoderma / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000408:Alamethicin; D020156:Salicylic Acid
keywords: Brassica rapa; protein-related gene; salicylic acid; soft rot