title: Improving behavioral and clinical indicators in Asians and Pacific Islanders with diabetes: findings from a community clinic-based program.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This project tested the six-month impact of Stanford's Diabetes Self-Management Program (DSMP), adapted for Asians and Pacific Islanders (APIs), on behavioral and clinical indicators.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants attended DSMP workshops at a community health center. Employing a one-group, pre-post-test design, data were collected at baseline and six-months. Ninety-six eligible API adults were enrolled. All attended four or more of the six weekly sessions, and 82 completed data collection. Measures included body mass index, blood pressure, blood lipids, blood glucose, HbA1c, as well as health behaviors. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and paired t-tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adaptations to DSMP were minimal, but critical to the local acceptance of the program. At six-months, significant behavioral improvements included: (1) increased minutes in stretching and aerobic exercise per week (p<0.001); (2) reduced symptoms of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia (p<0.001); (3) increased self-efficacy (p<0.001); and (4) increased number of days and times testing blood sugar levels (p<0.001). Significant clinical improvements included: (1) lower BMI (p<0.001); (2) lower HbA1c (p<0.001); (3) lower total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL (p<0.001); and (4) lower blood pressure (p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings suggest that the DSMP can be successfully adapted to API populations and can improve clinical measures as well as health behaviors.
authors.affiliation: Office of Public Health Studies, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 1960 East-West Road, Biomed, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States. Electronic address: mtomioka@hawaii.edu.
authors.forename: Michiyo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tomioka
authors.affiliation: Office of Public Health Studies, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 1960 East-West Road, Biomed, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States.
authors.forename: Kathryn L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Braun
authors.affiliation: Hawai'i State Department of Health, Diabetes Prevention and Control Program, 601 Kamokila Boulevard, Room 344, Kapolei, HI 96707, United States.
authors.forename: Valerie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ah Cook
authors.affiliation: Kokua Kalihi Valley Comprehensive Family Services, Elder Care Services Program, 1846 Gulick Avenue, Honolulu, HI 96819, United States.
authors.forename: Merlita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Compton
authors.affiliation: Hawai'i State Department of Health, Diabetes Prevention and Control Program, 601 Kamokila Boulevard, Room 344, Kapolei, HI 96707, United States.
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wertin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044466:Asian People; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D001795:Blood Pressure Determination; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003153:Community Health Services; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology*; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006254:Hawaii / Q000453:epidemiology; D015438:Health Behavior; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008913:Minority Groups; D044468:Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012648:Self Care / Q000379:methods*; D020377:Self Efficacy
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose
keywords: Asian Americans; Community Health Services; Minority groups; Self-management; Type 2 diabetes