title: Interventions by pharmacists in out-patient pharmaceutical care.
abstract: Interventions by the pharmacists have always been considered as a valuable input by the health care community in the patient care process by reducing the medication errors, rationalizing the therapy and reducing the cost of therapy. The primary objective of this study was to determine the number and types of medication errors intervened by the dispensing pharmacists at OPD pharmacy in the Khoula Hospital during 2009 retrospectively. The interventions filed by the pharmacists and assistant pharmacists in OPD pharmacy were collected. Then they were categorized and analyzed after a detailed review. The results show that 72.3% of the interventions were minor of which 40.5% were about change medication order. Comparatively more numbers of prescriptions were intervened in female patients than male patients. 98.2% of the interventions were accepted by the prescribers reflecting the awareness of the doctors about the importance of the pharmacy practice. In this study only 688 interventions were due to prescribing errors of which 40.5% interventions were done in changing the medication order of clarifying the medicine. 14.9% of the interventions were related to administrative issues, 8.7% of the interventions were related to selection of medications as well as errors due to ignorance of history of patients. 8.2% of the interventions were to address the overdose of medications. Moderately significant interventions were observed in 19.4% and 7.5% of them were having the impact on major medication errors. Pharmacists have intervened 20.8% of the prescriptions to prevent complications, 25.1% were to rationalize the treatment, 7.9% of them were to improve compliance. Based on the results we conclude that the role of pharmacist in improving the health care system is vital. We recommend more number of such research based studies to bring awareness among health care professionals, provide solution to the prescription and dispensing problems, as it can also improve the documentation system, emphasize the importance of it, reduce prescribing errors, and update the knowledge of pharmacists and other health care professionals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Oman Medical College, Bausher Campus, Muscat, Oman.
authors.forename: Hussain Abdullah Mubarak
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Al Rahbi
authors.affiliation: Pharmacy and Medical Stores, Director General Khoula Hospital, Muscat, Oman.
authors.forename: Raid Mahmood
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Al-Sabri
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Oman Medical College, Bausher Campus, Muscat, Oman.
authors.forename: Havagiray R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Chitme
keywords: Out-patient pharmacy; Pharmaceutical care; Pharmacists intervention; Prescriptions