title: Mortality related to severe sepsis and septic shock among critically ill patients in Australia and New Zealand, 2000-2012.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Severe sepsis and septic shock are major causes of mortality in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. It is unknown whether progress has been made in decreasing their mortality rate.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe changes in mortality for severe sepsis with and without shock in ICU patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective, observational study from 2000 to 2012 including 101,064 patients with severe sepsis from 171 ICUs with various patient case mix in Australia and New Zealand.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hospital outcome (mortality and discharge to home, to other hospital, or to rehabilitation).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Absolute mortality in severe sepsis decreased from 35.0% (95% CI, 33.2%-36.8%; 949/2708) to 18.4% (95% CI, 17.8%-19.0%; 2300/12,512; P < .001), representing an overall decrease of 16.7% (95% CI, 14.8%-18.6%), an annual rate of absolute decrease of 1.3%, and a relative risk reduction of 47.5% (95% CI, 44.1%-50.8%). After adjusted analysis, mortality decreased throughout the study period with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.49 (95% CI, 0.46-0.52) in 2012, using the year 2000 as the reference (P < .001). The annual decline in mortality did not differ significantly between patients with severe sepsis and those with all other diagnoses (OR, 0.94 [95% CI, 0.94-0.95] vs 0.94 [95% CI, 0.94-0.94]; P = .37). The annual increase in rates of discharge to home was significantly greater in patients with severe sepsis compared with all other diagnoses (OR, 1.03 [95% CI, 1.02-1.03] vs 1.01 [95% CI, 1.01-1.01]; P < .001). Conversely, the annual increase in the rate of patients discharged to rehabilitation facilities was significantly less in severe sepsis compared with all other diagnoses (OR, 1.08 [95% CI, 1.07-1.09] vs 1.09 [95% CI, 1.09-1.10]; P < .001). In the absence of comorbidities and older age, mortality was less than 5%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In critically ill patients in Australia and New Zealand with severe sepsis with and without shock, there was a decrease in mortality from 2000 to 2012. These findings were accompanied by changes in the patterns of discharge to home, rehabilitation, and other hospitals.
authors.affiliation: Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (ANZIC RC), Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia2Critical Care Research Group, Intensive Care Unit, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Hels.
authors.forename: Kirsi-Maija
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Kaukonen
authors.affiliation: Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (ANZIC RC), Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.affiliation: Intensive Care Unit, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (ANZIC RC), Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia4ANZICS Centre for Outcome and Resource Evaluation CORE, Melbourne, Australia5Department of In.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pilcher
authors.affiliation: Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (ANZIC RC), Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia3Intensive Care Unit, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia.
authors.forename: Rinaldo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bellomo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001315:Australia; D016638:Critical Illness / Q000401:mortality*; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009520:New Zealand; D010351:Patient Discharge / Q000639:trends; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018805:Sepsis / Q000401:mortality*; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000401:mortality*