title: The effects of carvedilol on ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat testis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the oxidative damage and histopathological alterations caused by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and ameliorative effects of carvedilol (CVD) in the rat testis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one male rats were randomized into 3 groups as follows: Group I (n = 7); control (sham) group, Group II (n = 7); I/R group, in which I/R injury was performed by torsing the left testis 720 ° clockwise for 2 hours and detorsing for 2 hours. Group III (n = 7); CVD treatment group; in addition to I/R process, one-dose of CVD was administered (2mg/kg, i.p) 30 min. before detorsion. Levels of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PC) were determined in testicular tissues and serum of rats. Testicular tissues were also examined histopathologically and Johnsen scores were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Activities of SOD and GSH-Px in serum and testicular tissues were increased by I/R, but administration of CVD decreased these levels (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001). Significantly increased MDA levels in serum and testicular tissues were decreased by CVD treatment (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001). Concerning PC levels in serum and testicular tissues, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups (p = 0.989 and p = 0.428). There was not a statistically significant difference in terms of mean Johnsen scores between the groups (p = 0.161).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Administration of CVD decreased oxidative damage biochemically in the rat testis caused by I/R injury, but histopathologically no change was observed betwe¬en all of the groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey.
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Parlaktas
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Atilgan
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gencten
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Akbas
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology (FM), Faculty of Medicine, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Markoc
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Erdemir
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ozyurt
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Uluocak
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D002227:Carbazoles / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077261:Carvedilol; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D009336:Necrosis; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D011412:Propanolamines / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D050050:Protein Carbonylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013086:Spermatic Cord Torsion / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood; D013737:Testis / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002227:Carbazoles; D011412:Propanolamines; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D000077261:Carvedilol; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase