title: Effects of prenatal methamphetamine exposure on behavioral and cognitive findings at 7.5 years of age.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine child behavioral and cognitive outcomes after prenatal exposure to methamphetamine.
  
  
  METHODS
  We enrolled 412 mother-infant pairs (204 methamphetamine-exposed and 208 unexposed matched comparisons) in the Infant Development, Environment, and Lifestyle study. The 151 children exposed to methamphetamine and 147 comparisons who attended the 7.5-year visit were included. Exposure was determined by maternal self-report and/or positive meconium toxicology. Maternal interviews assessed behavioral and cognitive outcomes using the Conners' Parent Rating Scale-Revised: Short Form.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjusting for covariates, children exposed to methamphetamine had significantly higher cognitive problems subscale scores than comparisons and were 2.8 times more likely to have cognitive problems scores that were above average on the Conners' Parent Rating Scale-Revised: Short Form. No association between prenatal methamphetamine exposure and behavioral problems, measured by the oppositional, hyperactivity, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder index subscales, were found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prenatal methamphetamine exposure was associated with increased cognitive problems, which may affect academic achievement and lead to increased negative behavioral outcomes.
authors.affiliation: LA Biomed Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA.
authors.forename: Sabrina D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Diaz
authors.affiliation: LA Biomed Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA. Electronic address: smith@labiomed.org.
authors.forename: Lynne M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Brown Center for the Study of Children at Risk, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI.
authors.forename: Linda L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: LaGasse
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Derauf
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK.
authors.forename: Elana
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Newman
authors.affiliation: Blank Hospital Regional Child Protection Center-Iowa Health, Des Moines, IA.
authors.forename: Rizwan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: Center on Young Adult Health and Development, University of Maryland, School of Public Health, College Park, MD.
authors.forename: Amelia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arria
authors.affiliation: Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Marilyn A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Huestis
authors.affiliation: Brown Center for the Study of Children at Risk, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI.
authors.forename: Sheri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Della Grotta
authors.affiliation: Brown Center for the Study of Children at Risk, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI.
authors.forename: Lynne M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Dansereau
authors.affiliation: John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI.
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Neal
authors.affiliation: Brown Center for the Study of Children at Risk, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI.
authors.forename: Barry M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Lester
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D019969:Amphetamine-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D018811:Maternal Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008694:Methamphetamine / Q000009:adverse effects; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D008694:Methamphetamine