title: D-Glucose as a modifying agent in gelatin/collagen matrix and reservoir nanoparticles for Calendula officinalis delivery.
abstract: Gelatin/Collagen-based matrix and reservoir nanoparticles require crosslinkers to stabilize the formed nanosuspensions, considering that physical instability is the main challenge of nanoparticulate systems. The use of crosslinkers improves the physical integrity of nanoformulations under the-host environment. Aldehyde-based fixatives, such as formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde, have been widely applied to the crosslinking process of polymeric nanoparticles. However, their potential toxicity towards human beings has been demonstrated in many previous studies. In order to tackle this problem, D-glucose was used during nanoparticle formation to stabilize the gelatin/collagen-based matrix wall and reservoir wall for the deliveries of Calendula officinalis powder and oil, respectively. In addition, therapeutic selectivity between malignant and normal cells could be observed. The C. officinalis powder loaded nanoparticles significantly strengthened the anti-cancer effect towards human breast adenocarcinoma MCF7 cells and human hepatoma SKHep1 cells when compared with the free powder. On the contrary, the nanoparticles did not show significant cytotoxicity towards normal esophageal epithelial NE3 cells and human skin keratinocyte HaCaT cells. On the basis of these evidences, D-glucose modified gelatin/collagen matrix nanoparticles containing C. officinalis powder might be proposed as a safer alternative vehicle for anti-cancer treatments.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, P.R. China.
authors.forename: P-L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China.
authors.forename: S H-L
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kok
authors.affiliation: Clinical Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Z-X
authors.initials: ZX
authors.lastname: Bian
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, P.R. China.
authors.forename: K-H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, P.R. China.
authors.forename: J C-O
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China. Electronic address: kaholee@cuhk.edu.hk.
authors.forename: K K-H
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Centre of Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy. Electronic address: gam@unife.it.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gambari
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Clinical Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, P.R. China. Electronic address: chchui@hkbu.edu.hk.
authors.forename: C-H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chui
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D020838:Calendula / Q000737:chemistry*; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003094:Collagen / Q000737:chemistry*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D005780:Gelatin / Q000737:chemistry*; D005947:Glucose / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010316:Particle Size; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000494:pharmacology; D011208:Powders; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D034421:Sus scrofa
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D010938:Plant Oils; D011208:Powders; D005780:Gelatin; D003094:Collagen; D005947:Glucose
keywords: Anti-cancer; Calendula officinalis; Collagen; Gelatin; Nanoparticles; d-glucose