title: [Detection of occupational hazards in a large shipbuilding factory].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of occupational diseases by the analysis of existing major occupational hazards and health conditions of workers in a large shipbuilding factory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Field investigation of occupational conditions was conducted to examine the existence of occupational hazards from 2009 to 2012 in a large shipbuilding factory, and then the results of physical examination among its workers were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Other than the metal dust (total dust), the levels of other dusts and manganese dioxide were beyond the national standard to various degrees, and through a sampling point detection, it was found that the levels of manganese dioxide exceeded the standard by 42.8%. The maximum time-weighted average concentration in individuals was 27.927 mg/m(3), much higher than the national standard limit. For harmful gas detection in individuals, xylene was 38.4%above the standard level (the highest concentration reached 1447.7 mg/m(3)); moreover, both toluene and ethylbenzene exceeded the national standard at different levels. Among the noise-exposed workers, 71%worked in the environment where the daily noise was above the limit of the national standard (85 dB). Physical examinations in 2010 and 2012 showed that the abnormal rate of audiometry in workers was higher than 15%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dust (total dust), manganese dioxide, benzene, and noise are the main occupational hazards among the workers in the large shipbuilding factory, and strict protection and control for these hazards should be implemented for the workers in the factory.
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Guangzhou 510620, China.
authors.forename: Weijia
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Guangzhou 510620, China.
authors.forename: Zhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Guangzhou 510620, China.
authors.forename: Hai
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Guangzhou 510620, China.
authors.forename: Liping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Guangzhou 510620, China.
authors.forename: Minzhi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Guangzhou 510620, China. E-mail: ymliu61@163.com.
authors.forename: Yimin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000032:analysis; D060389:Construction Industry; D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D006801:Humans; D009623:Noise, Occupational; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D012767:Ships
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D004391:Dust