title: Application of the modified clavien classification system to 402 cases of holmium laser enucleation of the prostate for benign prostatic hyperplasia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We attempted to evaluate the perioperative complications of holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) for benign prostatic hyperplasia by using the modified Clavien classification system (MCCS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Targeting 402 patients who underwent HoLEP for benign prostatic hyperplasia performed by a single surgeon between July 2008 and January 2011, we investigated complications that occurred during and within 1 month after surgery and classified them into grade I to grade V on the basis of the MCCS. If two or more complications occurred in one patient, each complication was graded and counted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age, prostate volume, operation time, hospital stay, and average follow-up period of 402 patients who underwent HoLEP were 68.8 years (range, 52-84 years), 53.2 g (range, 23-228 g), 58.2 minutes (range, 20-230 minutes), 4.5 days (range, 2-7 days), and 9 months (range, 4-27 months), respectively; 78 complications occurred in 71 of the patients (morbidity rate, 17.6%). In MCCS grade I, complications occurred in 54 cases (69.2%); in grade II, complications occurred in 19 cases (24.3%); in grade III, complications occurred in 4 cases (5.1%); and in grade IV, 1 patient required intensive care unit care because of cerebral infarction (1.2%). There were no grade V complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The HoLEP-based MCCS complications classification was performed very quickly. However, MCCS, when compared with other measures of endoscopic prostate surgery experiences, including HoLEP, exposed the lack of accuracy in low grade classification and the inability to include late complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jong In
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung Young
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jong Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Woong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Na
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jong Bouk
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Lee
keywords: Complications; Holmium; Lasers; Prostate