title: Characterization of preclinical in vitro and in vivo ADME properties and prediction of human PK using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for YQA-14, a new dopamine D3 receptor antagonist candidate for treatment of drug addiction.
abstract: YQA-14 is a novel and selective dopamine D3 receptor antagonist, with potential for the treatment of drug addiction. However, earlier compounds in its structural class tend to have poor oral bioavailability. The objectives of this study were to characterize the preclinical absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) properties and pharmacokinetics (PK) of YQA-14, then to simulate the clinical PK of YQA-14 using a physiologically based pharmacokinetics (PBPK) model to assess the likelihood of developing YQA-14 as a clinical candidate. For human PK prediction, PBPK models were first built in preclinical species, rats and dogs, for validation purposes. The model was then modified by input of human in vitro ADME data obtained from in vitro studies. The study data showed that YQA-14 is a basic lipophilic compound, with rapid absorption (Tmax ~ 1 h) in both rats and dogs. Liver microsomal clearances and in vivo clearances were moderate in rats and dogs consistent with the moderate bioavailability observed in both species. The PBPK models built for rats and dogs simulated the observed PK data well in both species. The PBPK model refined with human data predicted that YQA-14 would have a clearance of 8.0 ml/min/kg, a volume distribution of 1.7 l/kg and a bioavailability of 16.9%. These acceptable PK properties make YQA-14 an improved candidate for further research and development as a potential dopamine D3R antagonism for the treatment of drug addiction in the clinic.
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of PLA, 51 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 10048, PR China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xiaomei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhuang
authors.forename: Cuiping
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Shan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.forename: Zhiwei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Chuang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Zhenqing
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001583:Benzoxazoles / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001682:Biological Availability; D004285:Dogs; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological; D010879:Piperazines / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D050637:Receptors, Dopamine D3 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D013045:Species Specificity; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D001583:Benzoxazoles; D010879:Piperazines; D050637:Receptors, Dopamine D3; C571881:YQA14
keywords: PBPK; YQA-14; allometric scaling; dopamine D3 receptor antagonist; in vitro ADME