title: Total dietary fiber intakes in the US population are related to whole grain consumption: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009 to 2010.
abstract: Whole grain (WG) foods have been shown to reduce chronic disease risk and overweight. Total dietary fiber is associated with WG and its health benefits. The purpose was to determine whether associations exist between WG intake (no-WG intake, 0 ounce equivalent [oz eq]; low, >0-<3 oz eq; high, ≥3 oz eq) and total dietary fiber intake among Americans 2 years and older. One-day food intake data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009 to 2010 (n = 9042) showed that only 2.9% and 7.7% of children/adolescents (2-18 years) and adults (≥19 years) consumed at least 3 WG oz eq/d, respectively. For children/adolescents and adults, individuals in the high WG intake group were 59 and 76 times more likely to fall in the third fiber tertile, respectively, compared with those with no-WG intake. Total dietary fiber intake from food sources varied by WG intake group for children/adolescents and adults with more total dietary fiber consumed from ready-to-eat (RTE) and hot cereals and yeast breads/rolls in the high WG intake group compared with the no-WG intake group. Major WG sources for children/adolescents and adults included yeast bread/rolls (24% and 27%, respectively), RTE cereals (25% and 20%, respectively), and oatmeal (12% and 21%, respectively). Among those with the highest WG intake, WG RTE cereal with no added bran was the greatest contributor to total dietary fiber compared with other RTE cereal types. Whole grain foods make a substantial contribution to total dietary fiber intake and should be promoted to meet recommendations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN. Electronic address: mreicks@umn.edu.
authors.forename: Marla
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reicks
authors.affiliation: General Mills Bell Institute of Health and Nutrition, Minneapolis, MN.
authors.forename: Satya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jonnalagadda
authors.affiliation: General Mills Bell Institute of Health and Nutrition, Minneapolis, MN.
authors.forename: Ann M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Albertson
authors.affiliation: General Mills Inc, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Nandan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Joshi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002523:Edible Grain; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D009765:Obesity / Q000517:prevention & control; D050177:Overweight / Q000517:prevention & control; D064167:Recommended Dietary Allowances; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Adolescents; Adults; Children; Cross-sectional survey; NHANES; Total dietary fiber; Whole grain