title: Infant robot-assisted laparoscopic upper urinary tract reconstructive surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our aim was to assess the outcomes of infant robot-assisted laparoscopic (RAL) upper urinary tract reconstruction.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical records of all infants who underwent RAL upper urinary tract reconstruction were reviewed. Patients less than 1 year of age at surgery were included. Patient demographics, intraoperative details, narcotic usage, and complications were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten infants met the study criteria. There were five right and five left-sided procedures. Eight pyeloplasties (4 right, 4 left) and two ureteroureterostomies (1 right single system, 1 left duplex system) were performed. The median age was 8 months (range 3-12 months). Median weight was 7.7 kg (range 5.8-10.9 kg). Median operative time was 128 min (range 95-205 min). There was no significant blood loss or intraoperative complications. One (10%) patient received a regional block. Eight (80%) patients did not receive postoperative narcotics. Median hospital stay was 1 day (range 1-2). Median follow-up was 10 months (range 3-18 months). Complications included one urinary leak, one ileus, and one urinary tract infection. Hydronephrosis improved in all patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Infant RAL upper urinary tract reconstruction is technically feasible, safe, and effective. It can be applied for duplication anomalies and single system obstructions in infants.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Urology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, ML 5037, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
authors.forename: Danesh
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bansal
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Urology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, ML 5037, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
authors.forename: Nicholas G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Cost
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Urology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, ML 5037, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Bean
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Urology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, ML 5037, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
authors.forename: Brian A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Vanderbrink
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Urology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, ML 5037, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schulte
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Urology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, ML 5037, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA. Electronic address: paul.noh@cchmc.org.
authors.forename: Paul H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Noh
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007682:Kidney Pelvis / Q000601:surgery; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D061646:Operative Time; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D065287:Robotic Surgical Procedures; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D014519:Ureterostomy
keywords: Infant; Pediatrics; Pyeloplasty; Robotics; Ureteroureterostomy