title: Antimicrobial-resistant Enterobacteriaceae from humans and wildlife in Dzanga-Sangha Protected Area, Central African Republic.
abstract: Antimicrobial resistance is a worldwide concern of public health. Unfortunately, resistant bacteria are spreading to all ecosystems, including the strictly protected ones. We investigated antimicrobial resistance in gastrointestinal Enterobacteriaceae of wild mammals and people living within Dzangha-Sangha Protected Areas, Central African Republic, with an emphasis on extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes. We compare resistance genes found in microbiota of humans, gorillas habituated and unhabituated to humans and other wildlife. In gorillas, we additionally investigate the presence of ESBL resistant isolates after treatment by ceftiofur. We found a considerable prevalence of multiresistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates with ESBL and PMQR genes in humans (10% and 31%, respectively). Among wildlife the most significant findings were CTX-M-15-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in a habituated gorilla and a multiresistant Escherichia coli isolate with gene qepA in an unhabituated gorilla. Other isolates from wildlife were mostly represented by qnrB-harboring Citrobacter spp. The relatedness of resistant E. coli was investigated in a PFGE-based dendrogram; isolates from gorillas showed less than 80% similarity to each other and less than 80% similarity to human isolates. No ESBL-producing isolates were found in animals treated by ceftiofur. Although we did not detect any bacterial clone common to wildlife and humans, we detected an intersection in the spectrum of resistance genes found in humans and gorillas, represented by blaCTX-M-15 and qepA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho 1-3, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho 1-3, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Janatova
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho 1-3, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic. Electronic address: albrechtovakaterina@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Katerina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Albrechtova
authors.affiliation: Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Kvetna 8, 60365 Brno, Czech Republic; Liberec Zoo, Masarykova 1347/31, 46001 Liberec, Czech Republic; Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho 1-3, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Klara Judita
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Petrzelkova
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho 1-3, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic; CEITEC VFU, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho 1-3, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dolejska
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho 1-3, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic; CEITEC VFU, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho 1-3, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Ivo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Papousek
authors.affiliation: Institute of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho 1-3, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic; CEITEC VFU, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho 1-3, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Masarikova
authors.affiliation: Institute of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho 1-3, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic; CEITEC VFU, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho 1-3, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Alois
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cizek
authors.affiliation: WWF, Dzanga Sangha Protected Areas, Bangui, Central African Republic.
authors.forename: Anguelique
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Todd
authors.affiliation: Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Dawson Building, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Kathryn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shutt
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho 1-3, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Bara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kalousova
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho 1-3, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Ilona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Profousova-Psenkova
authors.affiliation: Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho 1-3, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic; CEITEC VFU, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho 1-3, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Modry
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho 1-3, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic; CEITEC VFU, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho 1-3, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Literak
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D002488:Central African Republic; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial / Q000235:genetics*; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics*; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000382:microbiology*; D006071:Gorilla gorilla / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D064307:Microbiota / Q000235:genetics*; D015363:Quinolones / Q000494:pharmacology; D013045:Species Specificity; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002511:Cephalosporins; D015363:Quinolones; C053503:ceftiofur; D001618:beta-Lactamases
keywords: Africa; ESBL; Enterobacteriaceae; Gorilla; PMQR; Resistance