title: Comparison of ocular surface disease index and tear osmolarity as markers of ocular surface dysfunction in video terminal display workers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire and tear osmolarity, to screen ocular surface alterations in video display terminal (VDT) users.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-four VDT workers were screened for ocular surface alterations using OSDI and tear osmolarity. Furthermore, tear film break-up time (TBUT), fluorescein corneal stain, and assessment for meibomian glands dysfunction (MGD) were carried out. The alteration of 2 or more among these parameters was considered a sign of ocular surface dysfunction. Data for the statistical analysis were obtained from the eyes with the worst tear osmolarity score. Main outcome measures were OSDI and tear osmolarity. For the statistical analysis the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and Spearman correlation coefficient were used. A P < .05 was considered statistically significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for tear osmolarity (ranging from 0.71 to 0.86) showed, for all the classification variables considered, statistically significantly higher values than those obtained with OSDI (ranging from 0.51 to 0.58) (P < .01). Furthermore, tear osmolarity showed a direct correlation with corneal stain and ocular surface dysfunction and an inverse correlation for TBUT. No correlation was found between OSDI and the parameters considered.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tear osmolarity can be considered a more reliable test than OSDI, when screening VDT users for possible ocular surface alterations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Social and Environmental Health, Section of Occupational Health, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Concettina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fenga
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medical-Surgical Sciences, Section of Ophthalmology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy. Electronic address: paragona@unime.it.
authors.forename: Pasquale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Aragona
authors.affiliation: Department of Social and Environmental Health, Section of Occupational Health, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Carmelina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Di Nola
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medical-Surgical Sciences, Section of Ophthalmology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Rosaria
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Spinella
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016288:Computer Terminals; D003229:Conjunctival Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003316:Corneal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015352:Dry Eye Syndromes / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005141:Eyelid Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D015590:Fluorophotometry; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008537:Meibomian Glands / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D009787:Occupational Medicine; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012372:ROC Curve; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013666:Tears / Q000737:chemistry*; D014787:Vision Tests; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology