title: A multi-scanner study of subcortical brain volume abnormalities in schizophrenia.
abstract: Schizophrenia patients show significant subcortical brain abnormalities. We examined these abnormalities using automated image analysis software and provide effect size estimates for prospective multi-scanner schizophrenia studies. Subcortical and intracranial volumes were obtained using FreeSurfer 5.0.0 from high-resolution structural imaging scans from 186 schizophrenia patients (mean age±S.D.=38.9±11.6, 78% males) and 176 demographically similar controls (mean age±S.D.=37.5±11.2, 72% males). Scans were acquired from seven 3-Tesla scanners. Univariate mixed model regression analyses compared between-group volume differences. Weighted mean effect sizes (and number of subjects needed for 80% power at α=0.05) were computed based on the individual single site studies as well as on the overall multi-site study. Schizophrenia patients have significantly smaller intracranial, amygdala, and hippocampus volumes and larger lateral ventricle, putamen and pallidum volumes compared with healthy volunteers. Weighted mean effect sizes based on single site studies were generally larger than effect sizes computed based on analysis of the overall multi-site sample. Prospectively collected structural imaging data can be combined across sites to increase statistical power for meaningful group comparisons. Even when using similar scan protocols at each scanner, some between-site variance remains. The multi-scanner effect sizes provided by this study should help in the design of future multi-scanner schizophrenia imaging studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, United States. Electronic address: tvanerp@uci.edu.
authors.forename: Theo G M
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: van Erp
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
authors.forename: Douglas N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Greve
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, United States.
authors.forename: Jerod
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
authors.affiliation: Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM 87106, United States; Departments of Psychiatry & Neuroscience, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.affiliation: Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM 87106, United States; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States.
authors.forename: Vince D
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Calhoun
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, United States.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Young
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, United States.
authors.forename: Bryon
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.affiliation: VA San Diego Healthcare System and Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, CA 92161, United States.
authors.forename: Gregory G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06250, United States.
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: McCarthy
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States.
authors.forename: Gary H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Glover
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, United States.
authors.forename: Kelvin O
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Departments of Psychiatry & Neuroscience, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States.
authors.forename: Juan R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Bustillo
authors.affiliation: Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States.
authors.forename: Aysenil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Belger
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McEwen
authors.affiliation: Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Voyvodic
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States.
authors.forename: Daniel H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Mathalon
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, United States.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Keator
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, United States.
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Preda
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, United States.
authors.forename: Dana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States.
authors.forename: Judith M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ford
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, United States.
authors.forename: Steven G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Potkin
authors.affiliation: http://www.birncommunity.org.
authors.lastname: Fbirn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009929:Organ Size; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000473:pathology*
keywords: Effect size; Imaging; Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); Psychosis