title: Evaluation of peri-implant mucosa: clinical, histopathological and immunological aspects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to compare the inflammatory response in peri-implant mucosa between patients with peri-implantitis (PP-group) and patients with healthy peri-implant tissues (HP-group).
  
  
  METHODS
  Two fragments of peri-implant mucosa of 18 patients were collected and serial sections were performed for histological and immunohistochemical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When compared with HP-group, PP-group showed higher immunostained cell density for TGF-β, IL-17 and CD31, beyond greater density of red cells, leukocytes, mast cells chymase (MCC) and mast cell tryptase (MCT). HP-group patients showed higher IL-13 expression and increased amount of collagen fibres when compared with PP-group. In PP-group there was significant positive correlation between MCT density and density of blood vessels immunostained, and between MCC density and density of blood vessels immunostained. There was significant negative correlation between the IL-17 density and collagen percentage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated that in patients with peri-implantitis there was higher of TGF-β and IL-17, indicating that these cytokines are directly involved in the inflammatory process. Thus, understanding the influence of cytokines in the peri-implantitis installation, new therapies could be developed in order to inhibit the synthesis of IL-17 and induce synthesis of IL-13 in peri-implant tissue, contributing to increase the longevity of the implant.
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro (UFTM), Brazil.
authors.forename: Márcia Fernandes
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: de Araújo
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biopathology and Molecular Biology, University of Uberaba (UNIUBE), Brazil.
authors.forename: Antonio Ferreira Leão
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Filho
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biopathology and Molecular Biology, University of Uberaba (UNIUBE), Brazil.
authors.forename: Gabriela Pegorari
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biopathology and Molecular Biology, University of Uberaba (UNIUBE), Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcelo Luiz Ribeiro
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: de Melo
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcelo Henrique
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Napimoga
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biopathology and Molecular Biology, University of Uberaba (UNIUBE), Brazil; Cefores, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro (UFTM), Brazil.
authors.forename: Denise Bertulucci Rocha
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: Cefores, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro (UFTM), Brazil.
authors.forename: Polyanna Miranda
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biopathology and Molecular Biology, University of Uberaba (UNIUBE), Brazil; Cefores, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro (UFTM), Brazil. Electronic address: sanivia.pereira@uniube.br.
authors.forename: Sanivia Aparecida
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: de Lima Pereira
mesh_terms: D001772:Blood Cell Count; D053818:Chymases / Q000276:immunology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000276:immunology; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000201:enzymology; D008875:Middle Aged; D057873:Peri-Implantitis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000276:immunology; D053802:Tryptases / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D020381:Interleukin-17; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053818:Chymases; D053802:Tryptases
keywords: Cytokines; Immune response; Inflammation; Peri-implantitis