title: A case of lepromatous leprosy complicated by hemophagocytosis misdiagnosed as hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.
abstract: Leprosy is an infectious chronic granulomatous disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. The disease mainly affects the skin, peripheral nerves, mucosa, and viscera. The World Health Organization has reported that most countries with high endemicity have reached the goal of eliminating leprosy (defined as reaching a prevalence of <1 leprosy case per 10 000 population) at the national level, after years of proactive control campaigns. The incidence of leprosy has been decreasing across the globe year by year. However, misdiagnosis happens occasionally due to the complexity of clinical manifestations and lack of physician awareness of this disease. We report a case of lepromatous leprosy complicated by hemophagocytosis misdiagnosed as hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology at Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.
authors.forename: Xiang-Zong
authors.initials: XZ
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology at Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.
authors.forename: Yi-Ni
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology at Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.
authors.forename: Jing-Shi
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology at Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology at Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology at Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Department of Tropical Medicine at Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology at Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China. Electronic address: bjyyxynk@163.com.
authors.forename: Zhao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003951:Diagnostic Errors; D006402:Hematologic Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D015440:Leprosy, Lepromatous / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D064704:Levofloxacin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051359:Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D064704:Levofloxacin; D003907:Dexamethasone
keywords: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis; Hemophagocytosis; Lepromatous leprosy; Misdiagnosis