title: Management of familial hypercholesterolemia in children and adolescents. Position paper of the Polish Lipid Expert Forum.
abstract: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) affects on average 1 in 500 individuals in European countries, and it is estimated that FH in Poland may affect more than 80,000 people. However, in Poland, only about 20% of the population is estimated to have been diagnosed with FH, of which only a small number receive adequate treatment. FH results in more rapid development of atherosclerosis and is associated with a high risk of cardiovascular events. Atherosclerosis develops beginning in childhood in patients with FH and reaches advanced stages before clinical manifestations develop. Inadequate diagnostics and treatment of FH in Polish children suggests a need for raising the level of awareness and understanding of the condition in both society and among health professionals. These recommendations present the current epidemiological status, guidelines for diagnosing FH in Polish children and adolescents, and effective treatment options.
authors.affiliation: Faculty and Clinic of Pediatrics, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Myśliwiec
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolic Diseases and Cardiology of the Developmental Period, Pomerian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland.
authors.forename: Mieczysław
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Walczak
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Pediatrics, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Medical University of Silesia, Silesia, Poland.
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Małecka-Tendera
authors.affiliation: Neonatal Pathology Clinic of Pediatrics at Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dobrzańska
authors.affiliation: National Food and Nutrition Institute, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cybulska
authors.affiliation: First Faculty and Clinic of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Filipiak
authors.affiliation: Medical Faculty at the University in Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland.
authors.forename: Artur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mazur
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Pediatrics, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Medical University of Silesia, Silesia, Poland.
authors.forename: Przemysława
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jarosz-Chobot
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Pediatrics, Hematology, Oncology and Diabetes, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Szadkowska
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Cardiology and Cardiosurgery, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland.
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rynkiewicz
authors.affiliation: Faculty and Clinic of Pediatric Bone Marrow Transplantation, Oncology and Hematology, Medical University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Alicja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chybicka
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Socha
authors.affiliation: Faculty and Clinic of Pediatrics, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brandt
authors.affiliation: Faculty and Clinic of Pediatrics, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bautembach-Minkowska
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Prevention and Education, Faculty of Hypertension and Diabetes, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zdrojewski
authors.affiliation: Faculty and Clinic of Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
authors.forename: Janusz
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Limon
authors.affiliation: Nemours Cardiac Center, A. I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE.
authors.forename: Samuel S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Gidding
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland. Electronic address: maciejbanach@aol.co.uk.
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Banach
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D006938:Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D011044:Poland; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL
keywords: Adolescents; Cardiovascular disease; Children; Familial hypercholesterolemia; Statins; Therapy