title: Efficacy of intraperitoneal and intravenous lidocaine on pain relief after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluated intraperitoneal (IP) lidocaine administration and intravenous (IV) lidocaine infusion for postoperative pain control after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients who underwent LC were randomized to either group IV (intravenous lidocaine infusion), group IP (intraperitoneal lidocaine administration), or group C (control, IP and IV saline). Outcome measures were total postoperative pain severity (TPPS), total fentanyl consumption (TFC), frequency of administering patient-controlled analgesia (FPB), and a pain control satisfaction score (PCSS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significantly reduced TPPS, TFC and FPB scores were observed in groups IP (n = 22) and IV (n = 26) compared with controls (n = 24). PCSS was higher in groups IP and IV than in controls. At 2 h postoperation, TPPS was significantly lower in group IP than group IV; at 0-2 h postoperation, FPB was lower in group IP than group IV.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The IP administration of lidocaine and IV lidocaine infusion significantly reduced postoperative pain and opioid consumption in LC patients, compared with control infusions. For convenience, IV lidocaine could be used for pain reduction following LC; IP administration places additional burden on the surgeon.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: So Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Hyun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Geun Joo
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Hwa Yong
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Chong Wha
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Baek
authors.forename: Yong Hun
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Yoo Shin
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D061605:Administration, Intravenous; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016058:Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005704:Gallbladder / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010919:Placebos / Q000627:therapeutic use; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D010919:Placebos; D008012:Lidocaine; D005283:Fentanyl
keywords: Intraperitoneal; intravenous; laparoscopic cholecystectomy; lidocaine; postoperative pain