title: Effects of low-level laser therapy on the proliferation and apoptosis of gingival fibroblasts treated with zoledronic acid.
abstract: Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been indicated as an adjuvant therapy for bisphosphonate-induced osteonecrosis. However, the effects of LLLT on bisphosphonate-treated cells are not yet clear. This study evaluated the effects of LLLT on the proliferation and apoptosis of gingival fibroblasts treated with zoledronic acid (ZA). Cells were exposed to ZA at 5μM for 48h. Irradiation was performed using a laser diode prototype (LaserTABLE, InGaAsP; 780nm±3nm, 25mW) at 0.5 or 3J/cm(2), three times every 24h. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated by fluorescence microscopy. Data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney test at the 5% level of significance. ZA decreased cell proliferation to 47.62% (interquartile range (IQR) 23.80-57.14%; P=0.007) and increased apoptosis of gingival fibroblasts to 27.7% (IQR 20.9-33.4%; P=0.0001). LLLT increased cell proliferation compared with non-irradiated cells, at 0.5J/cm(2) (57.14%, IQR 57.14-71.43%; P=0.003) and at 3J/cm(2) (76.19%, IQR 61.90-76.19%; P=0.0001), but did not increase cell proliferation in ZA-treated cells. Irradiated fibroblasts presented lower apoptosis rates than the ZA-treated cells, but apoptosis was no different in ZA-treated cells compared to those that were ZA-treated and also irradiated.
authors.affiliation: Araraquara School of Dentistry, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: T Nogueira
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Pansani
authors.affiliation: Araraquara School of Dentistry, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: fergbasso@gmail.com.
authors.forename: F Gonçalves
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Basso
authors.affiliation: Araraquara School of Dentistry, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: A P Silveira
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Turirioni
authors.affiliation: Physics Institute, USP - Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kurachi
authors.affiliation: Araraquara School of Dentistry, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hebling
authors.affiliation: Araraquara School of Dentistry, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: de Souza Costa
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D005881:Gingiva / Q000166:cytology*; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D028022:Low-Level Light Therapy; D000077211:Zoledronic Acid
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D004164:Diphosphonates; D007093:Imidazoles; D000077211:Zoledronic Acid
keywords: bisphosphonates; cell culture; cell death; cell division; laser therapy; osteonecrosis; zoledronic acid-treated cells