title: Detection of human papillomavirus in nonmelanoma skin cancer lesions and healthy perilesional skin in kidney transplant recipients and immunocompetent patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The influence of human papillomavirus (HPV) on the development of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is a topic of debate. HPV types from the beta genus (HPV-β) have been most frequently associated with the development of skin cancer.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the prevalence and range of HPV types in NMSC lesions and healthy perilesional skin in immunodepressed and immunocompetent patients and to evaluate the influence of various clinical factors on the prevalence of HPV in skin cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nested polymerase chain reaction and sequencing were used to detect HPV in 120 NMSC samples obtained by biopsy from 30 kidney transplant recipients and 30 immunocompetent patients. In all cases, a sample was taken from the tumor site and the surrounding healthy skin. Potential confounders were assessed and the data analyzed by multivariate logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HPV DNA was detected in 44 (73.3%) of the 60 samples from immunodepressed patients and in 32 (53.3%) of the 60 samples from immunocompetent patients (adjusted odds ratio, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.2-9.6). In both groups of patients, HPV was more common in healthy perilesional skin than in lesional skin. HPV-β was the most common type isolated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found a wide range of HPV types (mostly HPV-β) in the skin of kidney transplant recipients and immunocompetent patients with skin cancer.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain. Electronic address: josefabernat@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bernat-García
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Salud Pública, Higiene y Sanidad Ambiental, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morales Suárez-Varela
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Vilata-Corell
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marquina-Vila
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007121:Immunocompetence; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012867:Skin / Q000821:virology*; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000821:virology*
keywords: Basal cell carcinoma; Carcinoma basocelular; Carcinoma epidermoide; Cáncer de piel no melanoma; Human papillomavirus; Immunosuppression; Inmunosupresión; Nonmelanoma skin cancer; Polymerase chain reaction; Reacción en cadena de la polimerasa; Squamous cell carcinoma; Virus del papiloma humano