title: Associations between child disciplinary practices and bullying behavior in adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  to investigate associations between different types of child disciplinary practices and children and adolescents' bullying behavior in a Brazilian sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  cross-sectional study, with a school-based sample of 10- to 15-year-old children and adolescents. Child disciplinary practices were assessed using two main subtypes: power-assertive and punitive (psychological aggression, corporal punishment, deprivation of privileges, and penalty tasks) and inductive (explaining, rewarding, and monitoring). A modified version of the Olweus Bully Victim Questionnaire was used to measure the frequency of bullying.
  
  
  RESULTS
  247 children and adolescents were evaluated and 98 (39.7%) were classified as bullies. Power-assertive and punitive discipline by either mother or father was associated with bullying perpetration by their children. Mothers who mostly used this type of discipline were 4.36 (95% CI: 1.87-10.16; p<0.001) times more likely of having a bully child. Psychological aggression and mild forms of corporal punishment presented the highest odds ratios. Overall inductive discipline was not associated with bullying.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  bullying was associated to parents' assertive and punitive discipline. Finding different ways of disciplining children and adolescents might decrease bullying behavior.
authors.affiliation: Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, PR, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: g.zottis@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Graziela A H
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Zottis
authors.affiliation: Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, PR, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatria do Desenvolvimento para a Infância e Adolescência, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Giovanni A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Salum
authors.affiliation: Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, PR, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciano R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Isolan
authors.affiliation: Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, PR, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatria do Desenvolvimento para a Infância e Adolescência, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gisele G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Manfro
authors.affiliation: Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, PR, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Elizeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Heldt
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D001938:Brazil; D058445:Bullying / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D002668:Child Rearing / Q000523:psychology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology; D011678:Punishment / Q000523:psychology*; D012574:Schools; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014754:Violence / Q000523:psychology
keywords: Adolescent; Adolescente; Bullying; Child rearing; Educação infantil; Punishment; Punição