title: Sustained perceptual invisibility of solid shapes following contour adaptation to partial outlines.
abstract: Contour adaptation (CA) is a recently described paradigm that renders otherwise salient visual stimuli temporarily perceptually invisible. Here we investigate whether this illusion can be exploited to study visual awareness. We found that CA can induce seconds of sustained invisibility following similarly long periods of uninterrupted adaptation. Furthermore, even fragmented adaptors are capable of producing CA, with the strength of CA increasing monotonically as the adaptors encompass a greater fraction of the stimulus outline. However, different types of adaptor patterns, such as distinctive shapes or illusory contours, produce equivalent levels of CA suggesting that the main determinants of CA are low-level stimulus characteristics, with minimal modulation by higher-order visual processes. Taken together, our results indicate that CA has desirable properties for studying visual awareness, including the production of prolonged periods of perceptual dissociation from stimulation as well as parametric dependencies of that dissociation on a host of stimulus parameters.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Sciences, College of Arts and Science, Vanderbilt University, WH 008, 111 21st Ave S, Nashville, TN 37240, United States.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Sciences, College of Arts and Science, Vanderbilt University, WH 008, 111 21st Ave S, Nashville, TN 37240, United States.
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Lowe
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Sciences, College of Arts and Science, Vanderbilt University, WH 008, 111 21st Ave S, Nashville, TN 37240, United States.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Blake
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Sciences, College of Arts and Science, Vanderbilt University, WH 008, 111 21st Ave S, Nashville, TN 37240, United States. Electronic address: alex.maier@vanderbilt.edu.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maier
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001364:Awareness / Q000502:physiology*; D015350:Contrast Sensitivity / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005556:Form Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009903:Optical Illusions / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Gestalt grouping; Perceptual organization; Visual awareness; Visual illusion