title: Reprogramming antitumor immunity.
abstract: Regenerative medicine holds great promise in replacing tissues and organs lost to degenerative disease and injury. Application of the principles of cellular reprogramming for the treatment of cancer, however, is not well established. Here, we present an overview of cellular reprogramming techniques used in regenerative medicine, and within this context, envision how the scope of regenerative medicine may be expanded to treat metastatic cancer by revitalizing an exhausted and senescent immune system.
authors.affiliation: National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 2QH, UK; Department of Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Crompton
authors.affiliation: National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 2QH, UK.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Clever
authors.affiliation: National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Raul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vizcardo
authors.affiliation: Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Institutes of Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Mahendra
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.affiliation: National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Institutes of Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Electronic address: restifo@nih.gov.
authors.forename: Nicholas P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Restifo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D065150:Cellular Reprogramming / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology*; D044968:Regenerative Medicine / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends*
keywords: T cell reprogramming; cancer immunotherapy; regenerative medicine