title: Escin attenuates behavioral impairments, oxidative stress and inflammation in a chronic MPTP/probenecid mouse model of Parkinson's disease.
abstract: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that results mainly due to the death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN), and subsequently has an effect on one's motor function and coordination. The current investigation explored the neuroprotective potential of escin, a natural triterpene-saponin on chronic 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine/probenecid (MPTP/p) induced mouse model of PD. Administration of MPTP led to the depleted striatal dopamine content, impaired patterns of behavior, enhanced oxidative stress and diminished expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine transporter (DAT) and vesicular monoamine transporter-2 (VMAT-2). The expressions of interleukin-6 and -10, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), ionized calcium-binding adaptor protein-1 (IBA-1), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in SN were also enhanced. Oral treatment of escin significantly attenuated MPTP/p induced dopaminergic markers depletion, physiological abnormalities, oxidative stress and inhibit neuroinflammatory cytokine expressions in SN. The result of our study confirmed that escin mediated its protection against experimental PD through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608002, Tamilnadu, India.
authors.forename: Govindasamy Pushpavathi
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Selvakumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608002, Tamilnadu, India.
authors.forename: Udaiyappan
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Janakiraman
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, CAMS, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman.
authors.forename: Musthafa Mohamed
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Essa
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608002, Tamilnadu, India.
authors.forename: Arokiasamy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Justin Thenmozhi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608002, Tamilnadu, India. Electronic address: mani_pdresearchlab@rediffmail.com.
authors.forename: Thamilarasan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Manivasagam
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004298:Dopamine / Q000032:analysis; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004928:Escin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D017072:Neostriatum / Q000737:chemistry; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D020734:Parkinsonian Disorders / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011339:Probenecid / Q000633:toxicity; D013378:Substantia Nigra / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase / Q000378:metabolism; D050493:Vesicular Monoamine Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; C493453:Slc18a2 protein, mouse; D050493:Vesicular Monoamine Transport Proteins; D004928:Escin; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase; D011339:Probenecid; D004298:Dopamine
keywords: Behavior; Dopaminergic markers; Escin; Experimental PD; Oxidative stress; Pro-inflammatory