title: Study on the anti-cerebral ischemia effect of borneol and its mechanism.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Borneol is the processed item from resin of Dryobalanops aromatica Gaertn. f. It can enhance the activity of antioxidant enzymes in brain tissue and reduce inflammatory response by improving the energy metabolism of ischemic brain regions, and thereby reduces brain tissue damage. The objective of this paper was to study the anti-cerebral ischemia effect of borneol and its mechanism.
  
  
  METHODS
  The anti-cerebral ischemia effect of borneol was studied by ligation of bilateral common carotid arteries (CCA), and vagus nerves in mice and the acute cerebral ischemia-reperfusion experiment in rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the blank and solvent control groups, the borneol low-; medium-; and high-dose groups can significantly prolong the gasping time of mice after decapitation, and extend the survival time of mice after ligation of bilateral CCA, and vagus nerves.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with the Xueshuantong injection group, the prolongation of survival time of mice after ligation of bilateral CCA, and vagus nerves was more apparent in the high-dose borneol experimental group; each experimental group can significantly reduce the number of leukocyte infiltration, the number of ICAM-1-positive vessels, as well as the number of TNF-α-positive cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Borneol has an anti-cerebral ischemia effect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shan'dong Ji'ning Medical College, China; 272129.
authors.forename: Qing-xia
authors.initials: QX
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shan'dong Ji'ning Medical College, China; 272129.
authors.forename: Zhao-ying
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shan'dong Ji'ning Medical College, China; 272129.
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shan'dong Ji'ning Medical College, China; 272129.
authors.forename: Ru-qing
authors.initials: RQ
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shan'dong Ji'ning Medical College, China; 272129.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shan'dong Ji'ning Medical College, China; 272129.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D001892:Camphanes / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002339:Carotid Arteries; D053958:Dipterocarpaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012116:Resins, Plant; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D014630:Vagus Nerve
chemical_list: D001892:Camphanes; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012116:Resins, Plant; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; C022871:isoborneol
keywords: ICAM-1; IL-1β, TNF-α; borneol; cerebral ischemia-reperfusion