title: Ciprofloxacin resistance and gonorrhea incidence rates in 17 cities, United States, 1991-2006.
abstract: Antimicrobial drug resistance can hinder gonorrhea prevention and control efforts. In this study, we analyzed historical ciprofloxacin resistance data and gonorrhea incidence data to examine the possible effect of antimicrobial drug resistance on gonorrhea incidence at the population level. We analyzed data from the Gonococcal Isolate Surveillance Project and city-level gonorrhea incidence rates from surveillance data for 17 cities during 1991-2006. We found a strong positive association between ciprofloxacin resistance and gonorrhea incidence rates at the city level during this period. Their association was consistent with predictions of mathematical models in which resistance to treatment can increase gonorrhea incidence rates through factors such as increased duration of infection. These findings highlight the possibility of future increases in gonorrhea incidence caused by emerging cephalosporin resistance.
authors.forename: Harrell W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Chesson
authors.forename: Robert D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Kirkcaldy
authors.forename: Thomas L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Gift
authors.forename: Kwame
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Owusu-Edusei
authors.forename: Hillard S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Weinstock
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002947:Cities / Q000453:epidemiology; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial / Q000502:physiology; D006069:Gonorrhea / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002939:Ciprofloxacin
keywords: Neisseria gonorrhoeae; United States; bacteria; ciprofloxacin resistance; cities; drug resistance; drug therapy; epidemiology; gonorrhea incidence rates