title: Comparative analysis of different oral approaches to treat Vibrio cholerae infection in adult mice.
abstract: In this study, we have established an oral phage cocktail therapy in adult mice model and also performed a comparative analysis between phage cocktail, antibiotic and oral rehydration treatment for orally developed Vibrio cholerae infection. Four groups of mice were orally infected with Vibrio cholerae MAK 757 strain. Phage cocktail and antibiotic treated groups received 1×10(8) plaque forming unit/ml (once a daily) and 40mg/kg (once a daily) as an oral dose respectively for consecutive three days after bacterial infection. In case of oral rehydration group, the solution was supplied after bacterial infection mixed with the drinking water. To evaluate the better and safer approach of treatment, tissue and serum samples were collected. Here, phage cocktail treated mice reduced the log10 numbers of colony per gram by 3log10 (p<0.05); however, ciprofloxacin treated mice reduced the viable numbers up to 5log10 (p<0.05). Whereas, the oral rehydration solution application was not able to reduce the viable bacterial count but the disease progress was much more diminished (p>0.05). Besides, it was evident that antibiotic and phage cocktail treated group had a gradual decrease in both IL-6 and TNF-α level for 3 days (p<0.05) but the scenario was totally opposite in bacterial control and oral hydration treated group. Histological examinations also endorsed the phage cocktail and ciprofloxacin treatment in mice. Although, in this murine model of cholera ciprofloxacin was found to be a better antimicrobial agent, but from the safety and specificity point of view, a better method of application could fill the bridge and advances the phages as a valuable agent in treating Vibrio cholerae infection.
authors.affiliation: Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, India.
authors.forename: Abhishek
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jaiswal
authors.affiliation: Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, India.
authors.forename: Hemanta
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Koley
authors.affiliation: Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, India.
authors.forename: Soma
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mitra
authors.affiliation: Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, India.
authors.forename: Dhira Rani
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Saha
authors.affiliation: Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, India. Electronic address: bl_sarkar@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Banwarilal
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sarkar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D058491:Bacterial Load; D001435:Bacteriophages; D001691:Biological Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D002771:Cholera / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005440:Fluid Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D006651:Histocytochemistry; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D014734:Vibrio cholerae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C577686:interleukin-6, mouse
keywords: Lytic; Oral administration; Phage cocktail; Vibrio cholerae; Vibriophage