title: Composition and activity against oral pathogens of the essential oil of Melampodium divaricatum (Rich.) DC.
abstract: The chemical composition of the essential oil isolated from the aerial parts of Melampodium divaricatum (Rich.) DC. (Asteraceae) was characterized by GC-FID and GC/MS analyses. (E)-Caryophyllene (56.0%), germacrene D (12.7%), and bicyclogermacrene (9.2%) were identified as the major oil components. The antimicrobial activity of the oil against seven standard strains of oral pathogens from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) was evaluated by determining minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) using the microdilution method. MIC Values below 100 μg/ml were obtained against Streptococcus sobrinus (90 μg/ml), Lactobacillus casei (30 μg/ml), S. mutans (20 μg/ml), and S. mitis (18 μg/ml). In contrast, the MIC values of the major oil compound (E)-caryophyllene were higher than 400 μg/ml against all pathogens, suggesting that the activity of the oil might depend on minor oil components and/or on synergistic effects. The M. divaricatum essential oil is a promising agent to include in anticariogenic oral rinse formulations for the control of oral pathogens.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Princípios Ativos Naturais e Toxicologia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas - UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rodovia Araraquara, Jaú Km 1 s/n Cep: 14901-502, Campus Ville, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil, (phone: +55-16-33016992; fax: +55-16-33016980). moreirar@fcfar.unesp.br.
authors.forename: Raquel Regina
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Duarte Moreira
authors.forename: Gilmarcio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zimmermann Martins
authors.forename: Vinícius
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Teixeira Botelho
authors.forename: Luis Eduardo
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: dos Santos
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cavaleiro
authors.forename: Lígia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Salgueiro
authors.forename: Géssica
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.forename: Carlos Henrique Gomes
authors.initials: CHG
authors.lastname: Martins
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D019659:Asteraceae / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D007780:Lacticaseibacillus casei / Q000187:drug effects; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D035261:Plant Components, Aerial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D034361:Streptococcus mitis / Q000187:drug effects; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000187:drug effects; D016986:Streptococcus sobrinus / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D009822:Oils, Volatile
keywords: (E)-Caryophyllene; Antimicrobial activity; Essential oils; Melampodium divaricatum; Oral pathogens