title: Significance of serum tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand as a prognostic biomarker for renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is endogenously expressed in immune cells and contributes to immunosurveillance for cancer. TRAIL induces apoptosis preferentially in various cancer cells, including renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells. In this study, the serum TRAIL level was examined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 52 healthy controls and in 84 RCC patients prior to surgery and its significance as a biomarker was evaluated. The median serum TRAIL level was lower in RCC patients compared to the healthy controls (55.9 vs. 103.1 pg/ml; P=0.019). RCC with lymph node metastasis (N1-2), distant metastasis (M1), stage III-IV, or microscopic venous invasion was associated with decreased serum TRAIL levels (P=0.032, 0.067, 0.020 and 0.011). When comparing serum TRAIL levels in the same RCC patients prior and subsequent to surgery (n=11), the levels were significantly higher after surgery (P=0.031). The cause-specific survival rate was significantly higher in RCC patients with high serum TRAIL levels compared to those with low serum TRAIL levels (P=0.0451). TRAIL was estimated to contribute 64 and 13% of the lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity against human RCC ACHN and Caki-1 cells, respectively. These data suggest that the serum TRAIL level may be useful as a prognostic biomarker in RCC patients.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Urology and.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Toiyama
authors.affiliation: Departments of Urology and.
authors.forename: Natsuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takaha
authors.affiliation: Departments of Urology and.
authors.forename: Masahide
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shinnoh
authors.affiliation: Departments of Urology and ; Translational Cancer Drug Development, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.affiliation: Departments of Urology and.
authors.forename: Yasunori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.affiliation: Departments of Urology and.
authors.forename: Terukazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: Departments of Urology and.
authors.forename: Fumiya
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hongo
authors.affiliation: Departments of Urology and.
authors.forename: Kazuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mikami
authors.affiliation: Departments of Urology and.
authors.forename: Kazumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kamoi
authors.affiliation: Departments of Urology and.
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kawauchi
authors.affiliation: Departments of Urology and ; Translational Cancer Drug Development, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsuneharu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miki
keywords: biomarker; renal cell carcinoma; serum; tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand