title: Cross-sectional study of the relationship of peripheral blood cell profiles with severity of infection by adenovirus type 55.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The immunologic profiles of patients with human adenovirus serotype 55 (HAdV-55) infections were characterized in subjects diagnosed with silent infections (n = 30), minor infections (n = 27), severe infections (n = 34), and healthy controls (n = 30) during a recent outbreak among Chinese military trainees.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood was sampled at the disease peak and four weeks later, and samples were analyzed to measure changes in leukocyte and platelet profiles in patients with different severities of disease. Differential lymphocyte subsets and cytokine profiles were measured by flow cytometry and Luminex xMAP®, and serum antibodies were analyzed by ELISA and immunofluorescence staining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with severe HAdV infections had higher proportions of neutrophils and reduced levels of lymphocytes (p < 0.005 for both). Patients with minor and severe infections had significantly lower platelet counts (p < 0.005 for both) than those with silent infections. The silent and minor infection groups had higher levels of dendritic cells than the severe infection group. Relative to patients with silent infections, patients with severe infections had significantly higher levels of IL-17+CD4+ cells, decreased levels of IL-17+CD8+ cells, and higher levels of IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10, and IFN-α2 (p < 0.001 for all comparisons).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with different severities of disease due to HAdV-55 infection had significantly different immune responses. These data provide an initial step toward the identification of patients at risk for more severe disease and the development of treatments against HAdV-55 infection.
authors.forename: Wei-Wei
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Wei-Min
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Nie
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Yang-Xin
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: En-Qiang
authors.initials: EQ
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Yun-Hui
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xiu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Wen-Gang
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Zhi-Ping
authors.initials: ZP
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: School of Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No, 80 East Road Zhongguancun, 100190 Beijing, China. drljy302@126.com.
authors.forename: Ji-Yun
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000145:classification* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000257:Adenoviridae Infections / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001772:Blood Cell Count; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines