title: Evaluation of a new ultrasound measurement tool for the diagnosis of dysfunctional voiding in pediatric population: full/empty bladder wall thickness ratio.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the roles of bladder wall thickness (BWT) measurement and full/empty (F/E) BWT measurement ratio in the diagnosis of dysfunctional voiding in pediatric population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Totally, 324 patients were involved in this prospective study, and group 1 consisted of healthy children (n=198), and group 2 consisted of patients with dysfunctional voiding (n=126). BWT measurements were done at the anterior, posterior, and lateral walls, and F/E BWT ratios were calculated. Two groups were compared for BWT measurement, and receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to find out a cutoff value for BWT and F/E BWT ratios.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age of group 1 was 6.4 years and that of group 2 was 6.5 years. BWT measurements were higher in the empty state compared with full state and in boys compared with girls. However, BWT ratios did not show significant difference between male and female patients. F/E BWT ratios were found to be higher in group 2 compared with group 1 (P=.02). In receiver operating characteristic analysis, a cutoff value of 0.324 (sensitivity 66.67% and specificity 79.80%) and 0.295 (sensitivity 83.33% and specificity 64.14%) was found for anterior and posterior F/E BWT rates, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ultrasonographic measurement of BWT and calculation of F/E BWT ratio may serve as a noninvasive tool for evaluating lower urinary tract symptoms in children. Further studies including larger number of patients would be of great interest.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Ufuk University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Semih
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tangal
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Ankara University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey. Electronic address: migokce@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Mehmet İlker
authors.initials: Mİ
authors.lastname: Gökçe
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Asım
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Özayar
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Ankara University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Başak
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gülpınar
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Ufuk University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ahmet Hakan
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Haliloğlu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Ankara University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Berk
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Burgu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Ankara University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Erol
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Özdiler
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000379:methods; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012372:ROC Curve; D012016:Reference Values; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012737:Sex Factors; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D014555:Urination Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014563:Urodynamics