title: Strength properties of preceramic brazed joints of a gold-palladium alloy with a microwave-assisted oven and gas/oxygen torch technique.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The effect of microwave brazing on the strength properties of dental casting alloys is not yet known.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to compare the strength properties of preceramic brazed joints obtained by using a microwave oven and a conventional torch flame for a high noble alloy (Au-Pd).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 18 tensile bars made of an Au-Pd ceramic alloy were fabricated. Six specimens were cut and joined with a high-fusing preceramic solder in a specially designed microwave oven, and 6 specimens were joined with a conventional natural gas/oxygen torch. The remaining 6 uncut specimens were tested as a control. All the specimens were subjected to testing with a universal testing machine. A 1-way ANOVA was performed for each strength property tested.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The tensile strength of the uncut group was the highest (745 ±19 MPa), followed by the microwave group (420 ±68 MPa) and the conventional torch group (348 ±103 MPa) (P<.001); however, no significant difference in tensile strength was found between the microwave group and gas torch group. The tensile strength of the microwave group exceeded ANSI/ADA Standard No. 88, Dental Brazing Alloys (a joint standard of the American National Standards Institute and the American Dental Association).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The microwave heating preceramic solder method demonstrated the excellent tensile strength of an Au-Pd alloy and may be an alternative way of joining alloys when a torch flame is contraindicated.
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Restorative Dentistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY. Electronic address: hik@buffalo.edu.
authors.forename: Hyeongil
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, General Dental Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wis.
authors.forename: Soni
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.affiliation: Statistician, Department of Oral Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dunford
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Restorative Dentistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY.
authors.forename: Edward A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Monaco
mesh_terms: D001031:Apatites / Q000737:chemistry; D003776:Dental Porcelain / Q000737:chemistry; D012994:Dental Soldering / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation; D055119:Elastic Modulus; D004548:Elasticity; D006047:Gold Alloys / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008872:Microwaves; D059206:Natural Gas; D010100:Oxygen; D010165:Palladium / Q000737:chemistry*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013718:Tensile Strength
chemical_list: D001031:Apatites; D006047:Gold Alloys; D059206:Natural Gas; C506670:d.SIGN ceramic; D003776:Dental Porcelain; D010165:Palladium; D010100:Oxygen