title: Preparation of a nano emodin transfersome and study on its anti-obesity mechanism in adipose tissue of diet-induced obese rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the preparation of nano emodin transfersome (NET) and investigate its effect on mRNA expression of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and G0/G1 switch gene 2 (G0S2) in adipose tissue of diet-induced obese rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  NET was prepared by film-ultrasonic dispersion method. The effects of emodin components at different ratios on encapsulation efficiency were investigated.The NET envelopment rate was determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. The particle size and Zeta potential of NET were evaluated by Zetasizer analyzer. Sixty male SD rats were assigned to groups randomly. After 8-week treatment, body weight, wet weight of visceral fat and the percentage of body fat (PBF) were measured. Fasting blood glucose and serum lipid levels were determined. The adipose tissue section was HE stained, and the cellular diameter and quantity of adipocytes were evaluated by light microscopy. The mRNA expression of ATGL and G0S2 from the peri-renal fat tissue was assayed by RT-PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The appropriate formulation was deoxycholic acid sodium salt vs. phospholipids 1:8, cholesterol vs. phospholipids 1:3, vitamin Evs. phospholipids 1:20, and emodin vs. phospholipid 1:6. Zeta potential was -15.11 mV, and the particle size was 292.2 nm. The mean encapsulation efficiency was (69.35 ± 0.25)%. Compared with the obese model group, body weight, wet weight of visceral fat, PBF and mRNA expression of G0S2 from peri-renal fat tissue were decreased significantly after NET treatment (all P < 0.05), while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), the diameter of adipocytes and mRNA expression of ATGL from peri-renal fat tissue were increased significantly (all P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The preparation method is simple and reasonable. NET with negative electricity was small and uniform in particle size, with high encapsulation efficiency and stability. NET could reduce body weight and adipocyte size, and this effect was associated with the up-regulation of ATGL, down-regulation of G0S2 expression in the adipose tissue, and improved insulin sensitivity.
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Shuanshuan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Shilong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Jidong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xinwen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.forename: Qingqing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Haiyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Changxing
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Shen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.forename: Changhui
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China. song-xiao-lian@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Xiaolian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001835:Body Weight; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004642:Emodin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008049:Lipase / Q000378:metabolism; D008081:Liposomes; D008297:Male; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D036103:Nanotechnology; D009765:Obesity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D000217:Acyltransferases
chemical_list: D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D004642:Emodin; D008049:Lipase; D008081:Liposomes; C586945:G0S2 protein, rat; C571275:PNPLA2 protein, rat; D000217:Acyltransferases