title: Computational design of an enantioselective molecular imprinted polymer for the solid phase extraction of S-warfarin from plasma.
abstract: An enantioselective molecular imprinted polymer for S-warfarin was designed computationally by using the density functional theory (DFT) at B3LYP/631G+ (d, p) level and Gaussian 2003 package. The effect of polymerization solvent was also evaluated by the polarizable continuum model (PCM) and it was based on the measurement of interaction energies (ΔE) between S-warfarin and monomers in different polymerization solvents. The computational method showed that the methacrylic acid (MAA) and acetonitrile (AN) had the highest stabilization energy for the pre-polymerization adducts. Additionally, the mole ratio of 1:3 give the highest ΔE, therefore, the polymer was synthesized by the thermal bulk polymerization method with the mole ratio of S-warfarin-(MAA)3. The enantioselective extraction of MIP for R and S-warfarin was evaluated by chiral separation chromatography and polarimetry methods. The results revealed that the proposed S-warfarin molecular imprinted polymer has a moderate recognition for extraction of R-warfarin in a racemic mixture and had no recognition for other foreign drugs. In a racemic mixture of R and S-warfarin, the polymer is able to remove about 20% of R-warfarin. The linearity between responses (peak areas) and concentrations of S-warfarin in plasma sample was found in the range of 15.4-3080ngmL(-1) (R(2)=0.999).The linear range for a racemic mixture of R, S-warfarin in plasma which has been obtained by RP-C18-HPLC-UV method, was 12.0-2500ngmL(-1) (R(2)=0.998). The polymer was used for analysis of a real sample and as expected the accurate results were obtained.
authors.affiliation: Drug Delivery Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Islamic Republic of Iran; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Islamic Republic of Iran. Electronic address: fahmadi@kums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ahmadi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Islamic Republic of Iran; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yawari
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nikbakht
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D054802:Molecular Imprinting / Q000379:methods*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000379:methods*; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D014859:Warfarin / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D011108:Polymers; D012997:Solvents; D014859:Warfarin
keywords: Chiral separation; Enantioselective extraction; Molecularly imprinted polymer; Plasma samples; S-warfarin