title: Evaluation of clinical safety and anthelmintic efficacy of aurixazole administed orally at 24 mg/kg in cattle.
abstract: The current study evaluated, in vivo, the clinical safety and the anthelmintic efficacy of 24% aurixazole (24 mg/kg), administered orally, in bovines. Two experiments were conducted: the first one evaluating the clinical safety of 24% aurixazole (24 mg/kg) in cattle, and a second one evaluating the anthelmintic efficacy of aurixazole (24 mg/kg) against gastrointestinal nematodes on naturally infected cattle. Based on the results of clinical safety, no alterations on clinical and haematological signs and on the biochemical values obtained in animals treated orally with aurixazole 24 mg/kg were observed. Regarding the results of reduction or efficacy, obtained by eggs per gram of faeces (EPG) counts, the formulation of aurixazole reached values superior to 99% (arithmetic means) in all post-treatment dates. In two occasions, this formulation reached maximum efficacy (100%). Comparing these results with the reduction percentages obtained by EPG counts, it is possible to verify that the values obtained by all three formulations were compatible with the efficacy results. Aurixazole reached maximum efficacy (100%) against Haemonchus placei, Cooperia spatulata and Oesophagostomum radiatum. Against Cooperia punctata, this formulation reached an efficacy index of 99.99%. Regarding aurixazole, no specific trials were conducted on the field in order to evaluate the behaviour of this molecule against helminths that are resistant to other molecules, specially isolated levamisole and disophenolat. Due to this fact, future studies will be necessary to assess the effectiveness of aurixazole against strains of nematodes that are resistant to levamisole and disophenolat, but the results of clinical safety and efficacy described in this study allow us to conclude that the aurixazole molecule, concomitantly with other measures and orally administered formulations, can be another important tool in the control of nematodes parasitizing bovines.
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP/CPPAR, Via de acesso prof. Paulo Donatto Castellani, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Claudio Alessandro M
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP/CPPAR, Via de acesso prof. Paulo Donatto Castellani, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: wdzlopes@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Welber Daniel Zanetti
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP/CPPAR, Via de acesso prof. Paulo Donatto Castellani, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Buzzulini
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP/CPPAR, Via de acesso prof. Paulo Donatto Castellani, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Breno Cayeiro
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Cruz
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP/CPPAR, Via de acesso prof. Paulo Donatto Castellani, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gustavo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Felippelli
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP/CPPAR, Via de acesso prof. Paulo Donatto Castellani, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Weslen F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP/CPPAR, Via de acesso prof. Paulo Donatto Castellani, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Helenara Machado
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP/CPPAR, Via de acesso prof. Paulo Donatto Castellani, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luis Fernando
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Santana
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP/CPPAR, Via de acesso prof. Paulo Donatto Castellani, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vando Edésio
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.affiliation: Ouro Fino Agronegócios, Rodovia Anhanguera, Km 298, Cravinhos, São Paulo, Brazil. CEP: 14140-000.
authors.forename: Carlos Henrique
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Henrique
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP/CPPAR, Via de acesso prof. Paulo Donatto Castellani, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gilson Pereira
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP/CPPAR, Via de acesso prof. Paulo Donatto Castellani, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alvimar José
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: da Costa
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000871:Anthelmintics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001938:Brazil; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology*; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D009348:Nematoda / Q000254:growth & development*; D009349:Nematode Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*; D010270:Parasite Egg Count / Q000662:veterinary; D011897:Random Allocation
chemical_list: D000871:Anthelmintics
keywords: Aurixazole; Cattle; Clinical safety; Helminths; Resistance