title: A cross-cultural comparison of eating behaviors and home food environmental factors in adolescents from São Paulo (Brazil) and Saint Paul-Minneapolis (US).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Describe cross-cultural differences in nutrition-related factors among adolescents from São Paulo, Brazil and St Paul-Minneapolis, US.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two large-population-based studies with cross-cultural comparisons.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve São Paulo and 10 St Paul-Minneapolis high schools in 2009-2010.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1,148 adolescents from São Paulo and 1,632 adolescents from St Paul-Minneapolis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Meal consumption, family meals, fast-food consumption, and home food availability.
  
  
  METHODS
  Binomial regressions, weighted for age distributions and adjusted for gender, were used to compare identical measures from each sample.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Generally, São Paulo adolescents reported healthier nutritional outcomes than St Paul-Minneapolis adolescents. São Paulo adolescents were 7 times less likely to report high fast-food consumption than St Paul-Minneapolis adolescents (P < .001). Whereas most measures of the home environment indicated healthier home environments in São Paulo, more São Paulo adolescents reported that sugar-sweetened beverages were usually available at home than did St Paul-Minneapolis adolescents (P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  São Paulo youth tended to have healthier eating behaviors and home food environment factors than St Paul-Minneapolis youth. Brazilian eating patterns tend to be healthier and support a connection with food and culture. Interventions are needed to encourage youth and their families to maintain these patterns.
authors.affiliation: Post Graduate Program in Applied Human Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (PRONUT), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: camillacpestima@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Camilla C P
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Estima
authors.affiliation: School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ.
authors.forename: Meg
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bruening
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Hannan
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marle S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Alvarenga
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Greisse V S
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Leal
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sonia T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Philippi
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.
authors.forename: Dianne
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Neumark-Sztainer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017195:Adolescent Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D001628:Beverages / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001938:Brazil; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004777:Environment; D057140:Fast Foods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000208:ethnology*; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior / Q000208:ethnology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D062407:Meals / Q000208:ethnology; D008910:Minnesota; D009749:Nutrition Surveys / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
keywords: Brazil; adolescents; cultural comparison; food pattern; meal; sugar-sweetened beverage