title: Avenanthramide supplementation attenuates exercise-induced inflammation in postmenopausal women.
abstract: During aging, chronic systemic inflammation increases in prevalence and antioxidant balance shifts in favor of oxidant generation. Avenanthramide (AVA) is a group of oat phenolics that have shown anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capability. The present study investigated whether dietary supplementation of avenanthramides (AVA) in oats would increase antioxidant protection and reduce inflammation after a bout of downhill walking (DW) in postmenopausal women. Women at age of 50-80 years (N = 16) were randomly divided into two groups in a double-blinded fashion, receiving two cookies made of oat flour providing 9.2 mg AVA or 0.4 mg AVA (control, C) each day for 8 weeks. Before and after the dietary regimen, each group of subjects walked downhill on a treadmill (-9% grade) for 4 bouts of 15 minutes at a speed of 4.0 km/h with 5 minutes rest between sessions. Blood samples were collected at rest, 24 h post-DW, and 48 h post-DW pre- and post-supplementation. Both DW sessions increased plasma creatine kinase activity (P < 0.05). Before supplementation, in vitro neutrophil respiratory burst (NRB) activity was increased at 24 h post-DW (P < 0.05) and C-reactive protein (CRP) was increased 48 h post-DW (P < 0.05). AVA supplementation decreased DW-induced NRB at 24 h (P < 0.05) and CRP level 48 h (P < 0.05). Plasma interleukin (IL)-1β concentration and mononuclear cell nuclear factor (NF) κB binding were suppressed at rest and during post-DW period in AVA but not C group (P < 0.05). Plasma total antioxidant capacity (P < 0.05) and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity were increased in AVA vs. C (P < 0.05), whereas glutathione redox status was elevated 48 h post-DW but not affected by AVA. Thus, chronic AVA supplementation decreased systemic and DW-induced inflammation and increased blood-borne antioxidant defense in postmenopausal women.
authors.forename: Ryan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Koenig
authors.forename: Jonathan R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Dickman
authors.forename: Chounghun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Tianou
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yi-Fang
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA. lllji@umn.edu.
authors.forename: Li Li
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Ji
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D018554:Avena / Q000737:chemistry; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000097:blood; D017698:Postmenopause; D016897:Respiratory Burst; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood; D016138:Walking; D062367:ortho-Aminobenzoates / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016328:NF-kappa B; D062367:ortho-Aminobenzoates; C514463:avenanthramide-2C; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D003402:Creatine Kinase