title: Association between norepinephrine transporter gene (SLC6A2) polymorphisms and suicide in patients with major depressive disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although several studies have investigated possible associations between norepinephrine neurotransmitter transporter gene (SLC6A2) polymorphisms and depression, few studies have examined associations between SLC6A2 polymorphisms and suicide.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (rs2242446, rs28386840, and rs5569) were measured in 550 patients: 201 with major depressive disorder (MDD) and suicide attempt/s, 160 with MDD without suicide attempts, and 189 healthy controls. Analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotype was conducted for the three groups. Subsequently, multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusting for age and gender was conducted to identify independent influences of each SNP. A possible association between suicide lethality and SLC6A2 polymorphisms was also investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the genotype and allele frequency analysis, there were significant differences in rs28386840 between suicidal MDD patients and healthy controls. In the haplotype analysis, TAA (rs2242446-rs28386840-rs5569, from left to right) was associated with suicide attempts in MDD, although the significance (p=0.043) disappeared after Bonferroni correction. There were no relationships between lethality scores and SLC6A2 polymorphisms in suicidal MDD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Modest sample size and a single type of neurotransmitter analyzed (norepinephrine) are the primary limitations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that SLC6A2 polymorphisms were associated with suicide risk in patients with MDD. Future studies are warranted to elucidate possible mechanisms by which SLC6A2 polymorphisms influence suicide risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Korea University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yong-Ku
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Korea University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jung-A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Korea University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Heon-Jeong
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Korea University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ho-Kyoung
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Korea University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Hoon
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Gangnam Eulji Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Bun-Hee
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Han-Yong
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Woo
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Hahn
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, 1198, Guwol-dong, Namdong-gu 405-760, Incheon, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: ksna13@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Kyoung-Sae
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Na
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D050484:Norepinephrine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013406:Suicide, Attempted / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D050484:Norepinephrine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; C493227:SLC6A2 protein, human
keywords: Depression; SLC6A2; Single nucleotide polymorphisms; Suicide