title: Intake estimates of phthalate esters for South Delhi population based on exposure media assessment.
abstract: An indirect estimation method was followed to derive exposure levels of fifteen phthalate congeners in urban population of Delhi, India. The exposure media samples were collected from Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) campus and Okhla industrial area. GC-MS analysis of the samples indicated di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) to be the most abundant congener and its estimated total daily intake level reached upto 70 μg kg(-1) d(-1). Out of the studied congeners, intake doses for di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP) and DEHP, reached levels near or above the established exposure limit. In JNU, DEHP, dimethyl phthalate (DMP) and butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP) had 69% share in combined daily intake of Σ15 phthalates (CDI15); whereas, in Okhla, DEHP, diethyl phthalate (DEP), diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP), DnBP and DMP shared 64% of the CDI15. Food was found to be the major source of exposure contributing 67% and 74% of the estimated CDI15 at JNU and Okhla respectively.
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110 067, India.
authors.forename: Mihir Tanay
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Das
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110 067, India.
authors.forename: Pooja
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110 067, India. Electronic address: isthakur@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Indu Shekhar
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Thakur
mesh_terms: D003993:Dibutyl Phthalate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis; D004032:Diet / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D004787:Environmental Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004952:Esters / Q000032:analysis*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D010795:Phthalic Acids / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D004952:Esters; D010795:Phthalic Acids; C024629:dimethyl phthalate; D003993:Dibutyl Phthalate; C032279:phthalic acid; C025605:diisobutyl phthalate; C007379:diethyl phthalate; C027561:butylbenzyl phthalate
keywords: Daily intake; Environmental monitoring; Exposure modelling; GC–MS; Phthalate esters