title: [Not Available].
abstract: Probably some arthropods (especially flies in stables like Musca domestica and Stomoxys calcitrans) are able to transmit the foot- and mouth disease (FMD)-virus. However, the results of the few experiments and studies found in the international literature do not clearly confirm or disprove the assumption that certain species of arthropods can be vectors for the FMD-virus. Nevertheless, under specific conditions mosquitoes of the family Culicidae and cockroaches of the families Blattidae and Blattellidae have been found to have some - usually low - importance for virus spread. Normally, FMD-virus transmission occurs via air, feces, urine, milk, saliva, conjunctival and nasal secretion, sperm and desquamated epithelia. It may be influenced by more than 20 Co-factors (e.g. biological or chemical factors and/or behavioural patterns). Compared to the usual route of transmission, transfer of the virus by arthropods is a rare event. Nevertheless, in contaminated stables pest control operations directed against arthropods are necessary preventive measures.
authors.affiliation: Umweltbundesamt, Berlin, DE.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Herrmann