title: Standard-tract combined with mini-tract in percutaneous nephrolithotomy for renal staghorn calculi.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the safety and efficacy of standard-tract combined with mini-tract to single standard-tract in percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) for renal staghorn calculi.
  
  
  METHODS
  The records of 216 patients with staghorn calculi (110 (50.9%) had complete and 106 (49.1%) had partial) who received PCNL were reviewed retrospectively. 58 patients received standard-tract combined with mini-tract PCNL (group A) and 158 patients underwent single standard-tract PCNL (group B). Both groups had comparable demographic data. Operation time, stone-free rate, blood transfusion rate, hospital stay and complications were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Postoperative Clavien score in the two groups was similar. The rate of blood transfusion and perioperative bleeding requiring superselective embolization were not statistically significant between the groups (p = 0.557, 0.463, respectively). The mean operation time was comparable between groups in the standard-tract combined with mini-tract group. The stone-free rate was significantly higher (89.7 vs. 78.5%, p = 0.044) in group A than in group B. The rate of second PCNL was higher in group B.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The standard-tract combined with mini-tract results had higher success rates with no increase in the incidence of complications, and should be the first option for renal staghorn calculi.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, PR China.
authors.forename: Yanbo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yuchuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: Fengming
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Qihui
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Zhihua
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Jinghai
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Xiaoqing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Chunxi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001803:Blood Transfusion; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000601:surgery*; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous / Q000379:methods*; D061646:Operative Time; D061214:Patient Safety; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult