title: Dual purpose use of preterm piglets as a model of pediatric GI disease.
abstract: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most common gastrointestinal complication in human neonates, yet the pathogenesis of this disease remains poorly understood. A fundamental approach to understanding the etiology and underlying biology of NEC is the use of in vivo experimental animal models, primarly neonatal rodents and pigs. The rodent models using rats and mice have provided a much of the experimental evidence showing the protective influence of breast milk and the role of specific molecular mechanisms involved in the premature innate immune and intestinal injury response. A key advantage of mice is the abilty to test how genetic disruption of specific genes alters the NEC phenotype. More recently, pigs have emerged as an animal model of NEC and used to establish the role of bacterial colonization, prematurity, parenteral nutrition and antibiotic therapy. This review will outline some of the advantages and disadvantages of both rodent and pig models and highlight the lessons learned about NEC pathobiology from these different experimental models.
authors.affiliation: USDA/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, United States.
authors.forename: Berthe C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Oosterloo
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, United States.
authors.forename: Muralidhar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Premkumar
authors.affiliation: USDA/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, United States.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stoll
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, United States.
authors.forename: Oluyinka
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Olutoye
authors.affiliation: Departments of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Thymann
authors.affiliation: Departments of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Per T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Sangild
authors.affiliation: USDA/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, United States; Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, United States. Electronic address: dburrin@bcm.edu.
authors.forename: Douglas G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Burrin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D020345:Enterocolitis, Necrotizing / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D006801:Humans; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology
keywords: Inflammation; Innate immunity; Microbiome; Necrotizing enterocolitis; Premature infant; Toll-like receptor 4