title: Mechanism of blood-retinal barrier breakdown induced by HIV-1 (Review).
abstract: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 has been detected in ocular tissues; however, the mechanism of entry has not been established. It has been hypothesized that the blood-retinal barrier (BRB), a critical guardian against microbial invasion of the eye, may be compromised in the presence of HIV-1 in the eye.In vivoandin vitromodel systems have shown that the breach of tight junctions induced by HIV-1-associated factors contributes to the breakdown of the BRB. The present study reviews the mechanism of tight junction disruption, focusing on signaling pathways, the expression of enzymes, including metalloproteinases, and cytokines that affect inflammation. The studied pathways may be potential targets for the prevention of ocular HIV complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China ; Key Laboratory of Ophthamology, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Che
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xian-Qun
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Liang
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Wang
keywords: actin cytoskeleton; blood-retinal barrer; caveolin-1; matrix metalloproteinases; ocular HIV-1; tight junction