title: Nicotine blood levels and short-term smoking reduction with an electronic nicotine delivery system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate nicotine delivery from the NJOY® King Bold Electronic Nicotine Delivery System (ENDS) and its short-term potential for smoking reduction or cessation.
  
  
  METHODS
  One week of ad libitum use was followed by measurements of plasma nicotine, heart rate, and craving and withdrawal after 12 hours of nicotine abstinence in 25 adult smokers not interested in quitting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 5 minutes of use, blood nicotine levels increased by a mean of 3.5 ng/mL (p < .001), heart rate increased, and craving was reduced by 55%. Cigarettes per day were reduced by 39% during the test week, and perceptions of use for reduction or cessation were positive.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The NJOY® King Bold ENDS delivers nicotine and led to short-term smoking reduction.
authors.affiliation: Los Angeles Clinical Trials, Burbank, CA. Scott J. Leischow, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA. mnides@laclinicaltrials.com.
authors.forename: Mitchell A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Nides
authors.affiliation: Los Angeles Clinical Trials, Burbank, CA. Scott J. Leischow, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Scott J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Leischow
authors.affiliation: Los Angeles Clinical Trials, Burbank, CA. Scott J. Leischow, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Meghna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bhatter
authors.affiliation: Los Angeles Clinical Trials, Burbank, CA. Scott J. Leischow, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Simmons
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D015141:Los Angeles; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009538:Nicotine / Q000097:blood*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012907:Smoking / Q000097:blood*; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D062789:Tobacco Products; D020340:Tobacco Use Cessation / Q000379:methods* / Q000523:psychology; D061485:Tobacco Use Cessation Devices / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D009538:Nicotine