title: Ancient diversification of Hyposmocoma moths in Hawaii.
abstract: Island biogeography is fundamental to understanding colonization, speciation and extinction. Remote volcanic archipelagoes represent ideal natural laboratories to study biogeography because they offer a discrete temporal and spatial context for colonization and speciation. The moth genus Hyposmocoma is one of very few lineages that diversified across the entire Hawaiian Archipelago, giving rise to over 400 species, including many restricted to the remote northwestern atolls and pinnacles, remnants of extinct volcanoes. Here, we report that Hyposmocoma is ~15 million years old, in contrast with previous studies of the Hawaiian biota, which have suggested that most lineages colonized the archipelago after the emergence of the current high islands (~5 Myr ago). We show that Hyposmocoma has dispersed from the remote Northwestern Hawaiian Islands to the current high islands more than 20 times. The ecological requirements of extant groups of Hyposmocoma provide insights into vanished ecosystems on islands that have long since eroded.
authors.affiliation: University of Hawaii at Manoa, Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, 3050 Maile Way, Gilmore 310, Honolulu 96822, Hawaii, USA.
authors.forename: William P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Haines
authors.affiliation: University of Hawaii at Manoa, Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, 3050 Maile Way, Gilmore 310, Honolulu 96822, Hawaii, USA.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schmitz
authors.affiliation: University of Hawaii at Manoa, Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, 3050 Maile Way, Gilmore 310, Honolulu 96822, Hawaii, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rubinoff
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002222:Carbamoyl-Phosphate Synthase (Ammonia) / Q000235:genetics; D017753:Ecosystem; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV / Q000235:genetics; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005843:Geography; D006254:Hawaii; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D008291:Malate Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009036:Moths / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D020648:Peptide Elongation Factor 1 / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D011157:Population Dynamics; D012269:Ribosomal Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D019476:Insect Proteins; D020648:Peptide Elongation Factor 1; D012269:Ribosomal Proteins; C030831:ribosomal protein S5; D008291:Malate Dehydrogenase; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV; D002222:Carbamoyl-Phosphate Synthase (Ammonia)