title: Inhibitive effect on phagocytosis of Candida albicans induced by pretreatment with quercetin via actin cytoskeleton interference.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of pretreatment with quercetin on macrophages after Candida albicans infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  RAW 264.7 macrophages were used as a target cell line. Cell viability after treatment with quercetin at different time points was detected by Carboxyfluorescein diacetate, succinimidyl ester. Phagocytic function of macrophages was determined by a fluorometric assay. Cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) production was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. F-actin cytoskeleton of L929 cells was stained by Alexa Fluor 488-phalloidin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pretreatment with quercetin decreased cell viability only at the highest concentration of 37 microg/mL 2, 24, and 48 h after the treatment. The phagocytic efficiency of macrophages pretreated with quercetin was significantly decreased in a time- and dose-dependent manner. F-actin labeling showed that the actin cytoskeleton of the cells started to break down 2 h after treatment. Moreover, it notably inhibited cytokine TNF-alpha production after Candida albicans infection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pretreatment with quercetin induced an anti-inflammatory effect against Candida albicans infection in macrophages.
authors.forename: Shuna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bo
mesh_terms: D008841:Actin Cytoskeleton / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects*; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D002460:Cell Line; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011794:Quercetin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D011794:Quercetin