title: Diagnosis and treatment experience of rectal carcinoid (a report of 312 cases).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the diagnosis of rectal carcinoid tumors and to adopt the best method of treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  A group of 312 cases of pathologically confirmed rectal carcinoid were analyzed retrospectively. Data were obtained retrospectively from a database of all colorectal malignancies at Qilu Hospital from January 2004 to December 2012. 4072 colorectal malignant tumors and 312 rectal carcinoid tumors were diagnosed. Endoscopic resection was performed on 44 patients, while the other 248 underwent anus partial extended radical polypectomy. We evaluated the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and follow-ups regarding carcinoids and the relation between tumor diameter and the rate of recurrence or metastasis after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There is no recurrence or metastasis after the transanal local resection in 284 cases with the tumor diameter less than 2 cm, 6 months to 7 years' follow-up. While, in 12 cases with the tumor diameter more than 2 cm radical surgery was performed, 8 cases had liver metastases at the time of the diagnosis of rectal carcinoid, 4 cases had no recurrence or metastasis after two and a half years' of follow ups, there is no recurrence or metastasis in 4 cases of multiple rectal carcinoids, whom all underwent radical surgery, follow ups continued for 2 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early diagnosis and treatment is important for rectal carcinoids, local resection is a simple, safe and effective treatment for carcinoids with a tumor diameter less than 2 cm.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yangong
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
authors.forename: Chengyao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shahbaz
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
authors.forename: Niu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zhengchuan
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
authors.forename: Jiayong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
authors.forename: Benjia
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ruliang
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
authors.forename: Huijie
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
authors.forename: Qiu
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Bo
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China. Electronic address: sdusurg@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Niu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002276:Carcinoid Tumor / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007414:Intestinal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000473:pathology; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Metastasis; Radical surgery; Rectal carcinoid; Recurrence; Transanal local resection