title: Magnesium Can Decrease Postoperative Physiological Ileus and Postoperative Pain in Major non Laparoscopic Gastrointestinal Surgeries: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Magnesium is an antagonist of (N-methyl D-Aspartate) NMDA receptor and its related canals, and may affect perceived pain.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of intravenous magnesium on the hemodynamic parameters, analgesic consumption and ileus.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized, double blind, placebo controlled study was performed. Thirty two patients of ASA I or II, scheduled for major gastrointestinal (GI) surgery, were divided into magnesium and control groups. Magnesium group received a bolus of 40 mg/kg of magnesium sulphate, followed by a continuous perfusion of 10 mg/kg/h for the intraoperative hours. Postoperative analgesia was ensured by Morphine patient-controlled analgesia (PCA). The patients were evaluated by Intraoperative hemodynamic parameters, the postoperative pain by numeral rating scale (NRS), and the total dose of intraoperative and postoperative analgesic consumption. Postoperative hemodynamic, respiratory parameters, physiological gastrointestinal obstruction (ileus), and side effects were also recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study included 14 males and 18 females. Age range of patients was 17 to 55 years old. The average age in the magnesium group was 41.33 ± 10.06 years and45.13 ± 11.74 years in control group. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) of magnesium group decreased during the operation but increased in control group (P < 0.001), and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) of magnesium group decreased during the operation also (P < 0.02) but increased in control group. Postoperative cumulative Morphine consumption in magnesium group, was significantly in lower level (P = 0.026). For NRS, severe pain was significantly lower, in magnesium group, at all intervals of postoperative evaluations, but moderate and mild pain were not lower significantly. Duration of postoperative ileus was 2.3 ± 0.5 days in magnesium group, and 4.2 ± 0.6 days in control group (P = 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intravenous magnesium reduces postoperative ileus, postoperative severe pain and intra/post operative analgesic requirements in patients after major GI surgery. No side effects of magnesium in these doses were seen, so it seems to be beneficial along with routine general anesthesia in major GI surgeries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shariat Moharari
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Majid
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Motalebi
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Atabak
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Najafi
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Mahdi
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Zamani
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Farsad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Imani
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Farhad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Etezadi
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Pejman
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pourfakhr
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Khajavi
keywords: Analgesics; Ileus; Magnesium Sulphate; Pain; Postoperative Period; Vascular Resistance