title: A bird's eye view of the air pollution-cancer link in China.
abstract: Air pollution in China comes from multiple sources, including coal consumption, construction and industrial dust, and vehicle exhaust. Coal consumption in particular directly determines the emissions of three major air pollutants: dust, sulfur dioxide (SO(2)), and nitrogen oxide (NOx). The rapidly increasing number of civilian vehicles is expected to bring NOx emission to a very high level. Contrary to expectations, however, existing data show that the concentrations of major pollutants [particulate matter-10 (PM10), SO(2), and nitrogen dioxide (NO(2))] in several large Chinese cities have declined during the past decades, though they still exceed the national standards of ambient air quality. Archived data from China does not fully support that the concentrations of pollutants directly depend on local emissions, but this is likely due to inaccurate measurement of pollutants. Analyses on the cancer registry data show that cancer burden related to air pollution is on the rise in China and will likely increase further, but there is a lack of data to accurately predict the cancer burden. Past experience from other countries has sounded alarm of the link between air pollution and cancer. The quantitative association requires dedicated research as well as establishment of needed monitoring infrastructures and cancer registries. The air pollution-cancer link is a serious public health issue that needs urgent investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P. R. China. chenkexin1963@yahoo.com, wzhang@mdanderson.org.
authors.forename: Yu-Bei
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Feng-Ju
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Qun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Wei-Qin
authors.initials: WQ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ke-Xin
authors.initials: KX
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002274:Carcinogens, Environmental / Q000633:toxicity*; D002681:China; D003031:Coal; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology*; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide / Q000633:toxicity; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000633:toxicity; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide / Q000633:toxicity; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D002274:Carcinogens, Environmental; D003031:Coal; D052638:Particulate Matter; D001335:Vehicle Emissions; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide