title: Association among Working Hours, Occupational Stress, and Presenteeism among Wage Workers: Results from the Second Korean Working Conditions Survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the present study was to identify the association between presenteeism and long working hours, shiftwork, and occupational stress using representative national survey data on Korean workers.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed data from the second Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS), which was conducted in 2010, in which a total of 6,220 wage workers were analyzed. The study population included the economically active population aged above 15 years, and living in the Republic of Korea. We used the chi-squared test and multivariate logistic regression to test the statistical association between presenteeism and working hours, shiftwork, and occupational stress.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Approximately 19% of the workers experienced presenteeism during the previous 12 months. Women had higher rates of presenteeism than men. We found a statistically significant dose-response relationship between working hours and presenteeism. Shift workers had a slightly higher rate of presenteeism than non-shift workers, but the difference was not statistically significant. Occupational stress, such as high job demand, lack of rewards, and inadequate social support, had a significant association with presenteeism.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study suggests that long working hours and occupational stress are significantly related to presenteeism.
authors.forename: Sung-Hwan
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.forename: Jong-Han
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Leem
authors.forename: Shin-Goo
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Yong-Seok
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Heo
authors.forename: Bum-Joon
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: So-Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Dal-Young
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environment Medicine, School of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea. carpediem@inha.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Hwan-Cheol
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Kim