title: Enhanced high-solids anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge by the addition of scrap iron.
abstract: Anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge usually requires pretreatment procedure to improve the bioavailability of sludge, which involves considerable energy and high expenditures. This study proposes a cost-effective method for enhanced anaerobic digestion of sludge without a pretreatment by directly adding iron into the digester. The results showed that addition of Fe(0) powder could enhance 14.46% methane yield, and Fe scrap (clean scrap) could further enhance methane yield (improving rate 21.28%) because the scrap has better mass transfer efficiency with sludge and liquid than Fe(0) powder. The scrap of Fe with rust (rusty scrap) could induce microbial Fe(III) reduction, which resulted in achieving the highest methane yield (improving rate 29.51%), and the reduction rate of volatile suspended solids (VSS) was also highest (48.27%) among Fe powder, clean scrap and rusty scrap. PCR-DGGE proved that the addition of rusty scrap could enhance diversity of acetobacteria and enrich iron-reducing bacteria to enhance degradation of complex substrates.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China. Electronic address: zhangyb@dlut.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yaobin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
authors.forename: Yinghong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
authors.forename: Qilin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
authors.forename: Zibin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China. Electronic address: quanxie@dlut.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xie
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Quan
mesh_terms: D000693:Anaerobiosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D058645:Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile / Q000378:metabolism; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D007477:Ions; D007501:Iron / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008697:Methane / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D012722:Sewage / Q000382:microbiology*; D014835:Volatilization / Q000187:drug effects; D062065:Wastewater / Q000382:microbiology*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile; D007477:Ions; D007501:Iron; D008697:Methane; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D012722:Sewage; D062065:Wastewater
keywords: Anaerobic digestion; Iron; Methane production; Sludge reduction; Waste activated sludge