title: Primary ciliary dyskinesia.
abstract: Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is an autosomal recessive disorder of cilia structure and function, leading to chronic infections of the respiratory tract, fertility problems and disorders of organ laterality. Making a definitive diagnosis is challenging, utilizing characteristic phenotypes, ciliary functional and ultra-structural defects in addition to newer screening tools such as nasal nitric oxide and genetic testing. There are 21 known PCD causing genes and in the future, comprehensive genetic testing may help diagnosis young infants prior to developing symptoms thus improving survival. Therapy includes surveillance of pulmonary function and microbiology in addition to, airway clearance, antibiotics and early referral to bronchiectasis centers. Standardized care at specialized centers using a multidisciplinary approach is likely to improve outcomes. In conjunction with the PCD foundation and lead investigators and clinicians are developing a network of PCD clinical centers to coordinate the effort in North America and Europe. As the network grows, care and knowledge will undoubtedly improve.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, CB 7020, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA leonardlobo@gmail.com.
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Lobo
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, CB 7020, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Zariwala
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, CB 7020, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Noone
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002923:Cilia / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D019468:Disease Management; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005544:Forecasting; D005820:Genetic Testing; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D006801:Humans; D007391:International Cooperation; D007619:Kartagener Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D009079:Mucociliary Clearance; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000382:microbiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D063728:Secondary Care Centers / Q000639:trends
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents