title: Bacterial leakage in Morse Cone internal connection implants using different torque values: an in vitro study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess whether there was a decrease of bacterial leakage with increasing torque values in conical Morse Cone connection implants.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 30 Morse Cone conical tapered implants (10 implants per group) were used in this study. The abutments were connected to the implants with 20 N (group 1), 30 N (group 2), and 40 N (group 3) insertion torque values. The inner parts of 5 implants, per group, were inoculated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa suspension and the remaining 5 implants, per group, with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. The penetration of bacteria into the surrounding solution was determined by the observation of turbidity of the broth.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In groups 1 and 2, bacterial contamination was found in 2 of the 10 implants, only in the specimens seeded with P. aeruginosa. In group 3, no contaminated samples were found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated that with increased insertion torque values in Morse Cone connection, the bacterial leakage is reduced.
authors.affiliation: *Research Fellow, Department of Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Dental School, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy. †Professor of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy. ‡Private Practice, Turin, Italy. §Research Fellow, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy. ‖Professor of Oral Pathology, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy. ¶Researcher, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: Simonetta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: DʼErcole
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tripodi
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ravera
authors.forename: Vittoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Perrotti
authors.forename: Adriano
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Piattelli
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Iezzi
mesh_terms: D016976:Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; D000044:Dental Abutments / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000382:microbiology*; D059605:Dental Implant-Abutment Design / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D003763:Dental Leakage / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa; D019415:Torque