title: Induction of retinol dehydrogenase 9 expression in podocytes attenuates kidney injury.
abstract: The intracellular concentration of retinoic acid is determined by two sequential oxidation reactions that convert retinol to retinoic acid. We recently demonstrated that retinoic acid synthesis is significantly impaired in glomeruli of HIV-1 transgenic mice (Tg26), a murine model of HIV-associated nephropathy. This impaired retinoic acid synthesis correlates with reduced renal expression of retinol dehydrogenase 9, which catalyzes the rate-limiting step of retinoic acid synthesis by converting retinol to retinal. Because retinoic acid has renal protective effects and can induce podocyte differentiation, we hypothesized that restoration of retinoic acid synthesis could slow the progression of renal disease. Herein, we demonstrate that overexpression of retinol dehydrogenase 9 in cultured podocytes induces the expression of podocyte differentiation markers. Furthermore, we confirm that podocyte-specific overexpression of retinol dehydrogenase 9 in mice with established kidney disease due to either HIV-associated nephropathy or adriamycin-induced nephropathy decreases proteinuria, attenuates kidney injury, and restores podocyte differentiation markers. Our data suggest that restoration of retinoic acid synthesis could be a new approach to treat kidney disease.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; and.
authors.forename: Xuezhu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Renal Section, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York;
authors.forename: Peter Y
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Renal Section, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York cijiang.he@mssm.edu.
authors.forename: John Cijiang
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: He
mesh_terms: D000429:Alcohol Oxidoreductases / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015870:Gene Expression; D007668:Kidney / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000293:injuries* / Q000503:physiopathology; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D050199:Podocytes / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D014212:Tretinoin; D000429:Alcohol Oxidoreductases; C109795:cis-retinol - androgen dehydrogenase