title: Nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  More than half of pregnant women suffer from nausea and vomiting, which typically begins by the fourth week and disappears by the 16th week of pregnancy. The cause of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy is unknown, but may be due to the rise in human chorionic gonadotrophin concentration. In 1 in 200 women, the condition progresses to hyperemesis gravidarum, which is characterised by prolonged and severe nausea and vomiting, dehydration, and weight loss.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical questions: What are the effects of treatment for nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy? What are the effects of treatments for hyperemesis gravidarum? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to September 2013 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found 32 studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: acupressure; acupuncture; corticosteroids; ginger; metoclopramide; ondansetron; prochlorperazine; promethazine; and pyridoxine (vitamin B6).
authors.affiliation: College of Medicine, Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Festin
mesh_terms: D019050:Acupressure; D015670:Acupuncture Therapy; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000932:Antiemetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D020939:Zingiber officinale; D006801:Humans; D009325:Nausea / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011736:Pyridoxine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014839:Vomiting / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000932:Antiemetics; D011736:Pyridoxine