title: The developing juvenile ischium: macro-radiographic insights.
abstract: Despite the importance of the human pelvis as a weight-bearing structure, there is a paucity of literature that discusses the development of the juvenile innominate from a biomechanical perspective. This study aims to add to the limited body of literature pertaining to this topic through the qualitative analysis of the gross architecture of the human ischium during the juvenile period. Macro-radiographs of 55 human ischia ranging from 28 intra-uterine weeks to 14 years of age were examined using intensity-gradient color mapping to highlight changes in gross structural morphology with increasing age. A clear pattern of maturation was observed in the juvenile ischium with increasing age. The acetabular component and ramus of the ischium consistently displayed low bone intensity in the postnatal skeletal material. Conversely the posterior body of the ischium, and in particular the ischial spine and lesser sciatic notch, exhibited increasing bone intensity which first arose at 1-2 years of age and became more expansive in older cohorts. The intensity patterns observed within the developing juvenile ischium are indicative of the potential factors influencing the maturation of this skeletal element. While the low intensity acetabular fossa indicates a lack of significant biomechanical interactions, the posterior increase in bone intensity may be related to the load-bearing nature of the posterior ischium.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Anatomy and Human Identification, College of Arts, Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH.
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Maclean
authors.forename: Sue M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Black
authors.forename: Craig A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Cunningham
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005333:Fetus / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007512:Ischium / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000196:embryology / Q000254:growth & development*; D011859:Radiography
keywords: biomechanics; growth; ischium; juvenile; macro-radiography