title: C-reactive protein: clinical and epidemiological perspectives.
abstract: An important etiopathogenic component of cardiovascular disease is atherosclerosis, with inflammation being an essential event in the pathophysiology of all clinical pictures it comprises. In recent years, several molecules implicated in this process have been studied in order to assess cardiovascular risk in both primary and secondary prevention. C-reactive protein is a plasmatic protein of the pentraxin family and an acute phase reactant, very useful as a general inflammation marker. Currently, it is one of the most profoundly researched molecules in the cardiovascular field, yet its clinical applicability regarding cardiovascular risk remains an object of discussion, considered by some as a simple marker and by others as a true risk factor. In this sense, numerous studies propose its utilization as a predictor of cardiovascular risk through the use of high-sensitivity quantification methods for the detection of values <1 mg/L, following strict international guidelines. Increasing interest in these clinical findings has led to the creation of modified score systems including C-reactive protein concentrations, in order to enhance risk scores commonly used in clinical practice and offer improved care to patients with cardiovascular disease, which remains the first cause of mortality at the worldwide, national, and regional scenarios.
authors.affiliation: Endocrine-Metabolic Research Center, "Dr. Félix Gómez", Faculty of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Zulia, Venezuela.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4211-528X
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salazar
authors.affiliation: Endocrine-Metabolic Research Center, "Dr. Félix Gómez", Faculty of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Zulia, Venezuela.
authors.forename: María Sofía
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.affiliation: Endocrine-Metabolic Research Center, "Dr. Félix Gómez", Faculty of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Zulia, Venezuela.
authors.forename: Mervin
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8511-0230
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chávez
authors.affiliation: Endocrine-Metabolic Research Center, "Dr. Félix Gómez", Faculty of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Zulia, Venezuela.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Toledo
authors.affiliation: Endocrine-Metabolic Research Center, "Dr. Félix Gómez", Faculty of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Zulia, Venezuela.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Añez
authors.affiliation: Endocrine-Metabolic Research Center, "Dr. Félix Gómez", Faculty of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Zulia, Venezuela.
authors.forename: Yaquelín
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.affiliation: Endocrine-Metabolic Research Center, "Dr. Félix Gómez", Faculty of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Zulia, Venezuela.
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Apruzzese
authors.affiliation: Endocrine-Metabolic Research Center, "Dr. Félix Gómez", Faculty of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Zulia, Venezuela.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Endocrine-Metabolic Research Center, "Dr. Félix Gómez", Faculty of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Zulia, Venezuela ; Institute of Clinical Immunology, University of Los Andes, Mérida 5101, Mérida, Venezuela.
authors.forename: Joselyn
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4994-075X
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rojas
authors.affiliation: Endocrine-Metabolic Research Center, "Dr. Félix Gómez", Faculty of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Zulia, Venezuela.
authors.forename: Valmore
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bermúdez