title: Glioblastoma cancer stem cells: Biomarker and therapeutic advances.
abstract: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor in humans. It accounts for fifty-two percent of primary brain malignancies in the United States and twenty percent of all primary intracranial tumors. Despite the current standard therapies of maximal safe surgical resection followed by temozolomide and radiotherapy, the median patient survival is still less than 2 years due to inevitable tumor recurrence. Glioblastoma cancer stem cells (GSCs) are a subgroup of tumor cells that are radiation and chemotherapy resistant and likely contribute to rapid tumor recurrence. In order to gain a better understanding of the many GBM-associated mutations, analysis of the GBM cancer genome is on-going; however, innovative strategies to target GSCs and overcome tumor resistance are needed to improve patient survival. Cancer stem cell biology studies reveal basic understandings of GSC resistance patterns and therapeutic responses. Membrane proteomics using phage and yeast display libraries provides a method to identify novel antibodies and surface antigens to better recognize, isolate, and target GSCs. Altogether, basic GBM and GSC genetics and proteomics studies combined with strategies to discover GSC-targeting agents could lead to novel treatments that significantly improve patient survival and quality of life.
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States; Department of Neurological Surgery, Madison, WI, United States; Cellular and Molecular Biology, Madison, WI, United States.
authors.forename: Kelli B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Pointer
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States; Department of Neurological Surgery, Madison, WI, United States.
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States; Department of Neurological Surgery, Madison, WI, United States; Neuroscience Training Program, Madison, WI, United States.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zorniak
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States; Department of Neurological Surgery, Madison, WI, United States; Cellular and Molecular Pathology Training Program, Madison, WI, United States; Human Oncology, Madison, WI, United States.
authors.forename: Bahauddeen M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Alrfaei
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States; Department of Neurological Surgery, Madison, WI, United States; Cellular and Molecular Biology, Madison, WI, United States; Neuroscience Training Program, Madison, WI, United States; Cellular and Molecular Pathology Training Program, Madison, WI, United States; Human Oncology, Madison, WI, United States; Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, United States. Electronic address: j.kuo@neurosurgery.wisc.edu.
authors.forename: John S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kuo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy*; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D015894:Genome, Human; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Biomarkers; Cancer stem cells; Glioblastoma; Phage antibody display; Yeast antibody display