title: Helicobacter pylori vacA d1 genotype predicts risk of gastric adenocarcinoma and peptic ulcers in northwestern Iran.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is a close relationship between Helicobacter pylori (H pylori)-specific factors and different gastroduodenal diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of vacA d1, d2 genotypes in the H pylori isolates from patients with gastric adenocarcinoma, peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastritis in East Azerbaijan region, where the incidence of gastric cancer (GC) is high. Strains isolated from this area are likely to be of European ancestry.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, genotyping of the vacA d region of 115 isolates obtained from patients with different gastrodoudenal diseases was accomplished by PCR methods. In addition to PCR amplification of H pylori 16S rDNA, rapid urease tests or histological examination were used to confirm the presence of H pylori in biopsy specimens. Data were collected and analyzed using SPSS version 19.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the total of 83 H pylori isolates, 36 (43.4%) contained the d1 allele and 47 (56.6%) were subtype d2. The results of the multiple linear/logistic regression analysis showed high correlation between allele d1 and gastric adenocarcinoma or PUD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that the H pylori vacA d1 genotype helps predict risk for gastric adenocarcinoma and PUD in East Azerbaijan, Iran.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran E-mail : safaralizadeh@tabrizu.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Zeinab
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Basiri
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Safaralizadeh
authors.forename: Morteza Jabbarpour
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Bonyadi
authors.forename: Mohammad Hossein
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Somi
authors.forename: Majid
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mahdavi
authors.forename: Saeid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Latifi-Navid
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000483:Alleles; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010437:Peptic Ulcer / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D012306:Risk; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D014510:Urease / Q000032:analysis; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; C074689:VacA protein, Helicobacter pylori; D014510:Urease