title: Fracture prediction and the definition of osteoporosis in children and adolescents: the ISCD 2013 Pediatric Official Positions.
abstract: The ISCD 2007 Pediatric Official Positions define osteoporosis in children on the basis of fracture history and low bone density, adjusted as appropriate for age, gender, and body size. The task force on fracture prediction and osteoporosis definition has reviewed these positions and suggests modifications with respect to vertebral fracture and the definition of a significant fracture history and draws attention to the need to consider degree of trauma as a factor that may modify fracture risk prediction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Metabolism, Academic Unit of Child Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield, UK. Electronic address: n.j.bishop@shef.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Nick
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bishop
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Metabolism, Academic Unit of Child Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield, UK.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Arundel
authors.affiliation: Academic Rheumatology, Musculoskeletal Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Metabolism, Academic Unit of Child Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield, UK.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dimitri
authors.affiliation: College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Joshua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Farr
authors.affiliation: Musculoskeletal Unit, Menzies Research Institute, Hobart, Australia.
authors.forename: Graeme
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Outi
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Makitie
authors.affiliation: Bone and Mineral Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Craig F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Munns
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Nick
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shaw
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D058866:Osteoporotic Fractures / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016103:Spinal Fractures / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology
keywords: Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; ethnicity; fracture; pediatric; trauma