title: Effects of 1-year intervention with a Mediterranean diet on plasma fatty acid composition and metabolic syndrome in a population at high cardiovascular risk.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has become an important public concern due to its increasing prevalence. An altered fatty acid composition has been associated with MetS, but the Mediterranean diet has been shown to have a protective effect. The aim of the present study was to analyze the influence of a Mediterranean dietary pattern, as assessed by the biomarkers of food supplied, on the plasma fatty acid composition and its relation with MetS after 1 year of intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 424 subjects were randomly selected from the PREDIMED randomized dietary trial after completing a 1-year intervention program. Participants aged 55 to 80 years and at high risk of cardiovascular disease were randomly assigned to three dietary interventions: Mediterranean diet supplemented with virgin olive oil or nuts, or a low-fat diet.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 1 year of intervention participants in the virgin olive oil group showed significantly increased plasma concentrations of palmitic and oleic acids, but reduced proportions of margaric, stearic, and linoleic acids. In turn, subjects in the nut group showed significantly increased levels of palmitic, linoleic, and α-linolenic acids, but reduced proportions of myristic, margaric, palmitoleic, and dihommo-γ-linoleic acids. Increases in the biomarkers of foods supplied to the Mediterranean diet groups, i.e., oleic and α-linolenic acids, were beneficially associated with the incidence, reversion and prevalence of MetS. No weight changes were observed among participants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The nut and olive oil diets induced a fatty acid composition that has been shown to be beneficial in the face of MetS. Therefore, a Mediterranean diet rich in fats of vegetable origin may be a useful tool for the management of MetS without the need for concerns over weight gain due to its high fat content.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Controlled-Trials.com ISRCTN35739639.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Science-XARTA-INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mayneris-Perxachs
authors.affiliation: Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Biomedical Research Institute August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Aleix
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sala-Vila
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Science-XARTA-INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Maribel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chisaguano
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Science-XARTA-INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Castellote
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Ramón
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Estruch
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Municipal Institut for Medical Research, Barcelona, Spain; Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: María Isabel
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Covas
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Municipal Institut for Medical Research, Barcelona, Spain; Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Montserrat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fitó
authors.affiliation: Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine, IISPV, University Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain; Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salas-Salvadó
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Miguel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Martínez-González
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Science-XARTA-INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lamuela-Raventós
authors.affiliation: Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Biomedical Research Institute August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ros
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Science-XARTA-INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: M Carmen
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: López-Sabater
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000178:diet therapy*; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D038441:Diet, Mediterranean; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids