title: A prospective cohort study of acute kidney injury in multi-stage ultramarathon runners: the Biochemistry in Endurance Runner Study (BIERS).
abstract: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of acute kidney injury (AKI) during a multi-stage ultramarathon foot race. A prospective observational study was taken during the Gobi 2008; Sahara 2008; and Namibia 2009 RacingThePlanet 7-day, 6-stage, 150-mile foot ultramarathons. Blood was analyzed before, and immediately after stage 1 (25 miles), 3 (75 miles), and 5 (140 miles). Creatinine (Cr), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and incidence of AKI were calculated and defined by RIFLE criteria. Thirty participants (76% male, mean age 40 + 11 years) were enrolled. There were significant declines in GFR after each stage compared with the pre-race baseline (p < 0.001), with the majority of participants (55-80%) incurring AKI. The majority of study participants encountered significant renal impairment; however, no apparent cumulative effect was observed, with resolution of renal function to near baseline levels between stages.
authors.affiliation: a Stanford University School of Medicine, Surgery , Stanford , CA , USA.
authors.forename: Grant S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Lipman
authors.forename: Brian J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Krabak
authors.forename: Brandee L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Waite
authors.forename: Sarah B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Logan
authors.forename: Anil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Menon
authors.forename: Garrett K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Chan
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology*