title: Fruit and vegetable intake and related nutrients are associated with oxidative stress markers in middle-aged men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the potential relationships between fruit and vegetable (FV) intake and oxidative stress markers in middle-aged men, with an emphasis on vitamin C, fiber, and magnesium content.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted with 296 healthy men, age 50.5 ± 5.0 y, and body mass index (BMI) of 25.8 ± 3.5 kg/m(2). Dietary intake, anthropometry, blood pressure, lifestyle features, and blood and urine biochemical data were assessed with validated procedures. The oxidative stress markers selected were plasma oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), urinary 8-iso-prostaglandin F2 α (8-iso-PGF2 α) and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The men included in the highest tertile of FV intake (≥341.1 g/d) displayed lower concentrations of ox-LDL, 8-iso-PGF2 α and 8-OHdG (P for trend < 0.05), regardless of confounding factors. Concentrations of ox-LDL were negatively associated with fiber from the FV intake (P for trend < 0.05) regardless of confounding factors. ox-LDL and 8-OHdG concentrations tended to be lower in the higher tertile of magnesium (P for trend = 0.06) and vitamin C from FV intake (P for trend = 0.05), respectively. Additionally, concentrations of 8-iso-PGF2 α were lower in men in the highest tertile of fiber (≥6.5 g/d; P for trend = 0.034), vitamin C (≥98.0 mg/d; P for trend = 0.007), and magnesium (≥48.9 mg/d; P for trend = 0.018) from the FV-group intake.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Greater FV intake was independently associated with reduced ox-LDL, 8-OHdG, and 8-iso-PGF2 α in middle-aged men. Fiber, vitamin C, and magnesium from FV seem to contribute to this beneficial relationship.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paula G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Cocate
authors.affiliation: Departament of Physical Education, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Antônio José
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Natali
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alessandro de
authors.initials: Ad
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Giana Z
authors.initials: GZ
authors.lastname: Longo
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rita de Cássia G
authors.initials: Rde C
authors.lastname: Alfenas
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria do Carmo G
authors.initials: Mdo C
authors.lastname: Peluzio
authors.affiliation: Departament of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eliziária C dos
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jéssica M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Buthers
authors.affiliation: Departament of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leandro L de
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Electronic address: helenhermana@ufv.br.
authors.forename: Helen Hermana M
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Hermsdorff
mesh_terms: D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000652:urine; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000652:urine; D005638:Fruit; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D014675:Vegetables
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D018977:Micronutrients; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein; C075750:8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha; D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D015237:Dinoprost; D003849:Deoxyguanosine
keywords: 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine; 8-iso-prostaglandin F2 α; Fiber; Fruit and vegetable; Magnesium; Oxidized LDL; Vitamin C