title: Hepatitis A immunity in the District of Aveiro (Portugal): an eleven-year surveillance study (2002-2012).
abstract: Hepatitis A is a common viral liver disease and brings serious health and economic problems as its epidemiologic pattern changes over time. National serosurveys from developed countries have indicated a decline in HAV (hepatitis A virus) seroprevalence over time due to the improvement of economic and sanitation levels. The hepatitis A virus (HAV) immunity rate was surveyed throughout an eleven-year period by sex and age group in Aveiro District. In this retrospective study, blood samples from patients of Aveiro District, in ambulatory regime, collected at the Clinical Analysis Laboratory Avelab between 2002 and 2012 were screened for the presence of antibodies against HAV antigen using a chemiluminescence immunoassay. The global immunity (positive total anti-HAV) was 60% and only 0.3% of the patients presented recent infection by HAV (positive IgM anti-HAV). The HAV immunity was age-dependent (p < 0.05), but no significant differences (p > 0.05) between sexes were observed. The immunity was similar throughout the study period (p > 0.05). The results of this study indicate that young people (especially under 25 years old) from District of Aveiro are susceptible to HAV infection, constituting a high risk group. The elderly should be also a concern in the future of Hepatitis A infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal. sarasouto@ua.pt.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal. ineslinhares@ua.pt.
authors.forename: Inês
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Linhares
authors.affiliation: Clinical Analysis Laboratory Avelab, Rua Cerâmica do Vouga, Aveiro 3800-011, Portugal. a.f.neves@netcabo.pt.
authors.forename: António Ferreira
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Neves
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal. aalmeida@ua.pt.
authors.forename: Adelaide
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Almeida
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D062665:Epidemiological Monitoring; D005260:Female; D006506:Hepatitis A / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology*; D035922:Hepatitis A Antibodies / Q000097:blood*; D030041:Hepatitis A virus / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011174:Portugal / Q000453:epidemiology; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D035922:Hepatitis A Antibodies; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M