title: Perturbation schedule does not alter retention of a locomotor adaptation across days.
abstract: Motor adaptation in response to gradual vs. abrupt perturbation schedules may involve different neural mechanisms, potentially leading to different levels of motor memory. However, no study has investigated whether perturbation schedules alter memory of a locomotor adaptation across days. We measured adaptation and retention (memory) of altered interlimb symmetry during walking in two groups of participants over 2 days. On day 1, participants adapted to either a single, large perturbation (abrupt schedule) or a series of small perturbations that increased in size over time (gradual schedule). Retention was examined on day 2. On day 1, initial swing time and foot placement symmetry error sizes differed between groups but overall adaptation magnitudes were similar. On day 2, participants in both groups showed similar retention, readaptation, and aftereffect sizes, although there were some trends for improved memory in the abrupt group. These results conflict with previous data but are consistent with newer studies reporting no behavioral differences following adaptation using abrupt vs. gradual schedules. Although memory levels were very similar between groups, we cannot rule out the possibility that the neural mechanisms underlying this memory storage differ. Overall, it appears that adaptation of locomotor patterns via abrupt and gradual perturbation schedules produces similar expression of locomotor memories across days.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; and.
authors.forename: Sara J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; and Department of Physical Therapy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware smmorton@udel.edu.
authors.forename: Susanne M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Morton
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D005260:Female; D005528:Foot; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D035002:Lower Extremity; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory; D009043:Motor Activity; D010812:Physical Stimulation; D011601:Psychophysics; D012153:Retention, Psychology; D013997:Time Factors; D016138:Walking
keywords: human; locomotion; motor adaptation; motor learning; retention; walking