title: Label-free interdigitated microelectrode based biosensors for bacterial biofilm growth monitoring using Petri dishes.
abstract: Impedance microbiology (IM) is a known technique that has been applied during the last decades to detect the presence of microorganisms in real samples in different fields: food industry, healthcare, environment, etc. Bacterial biofilms however have not been so far studied despite the fact that they are the most common microbiological formation and that they present resistance to antimicrobial agents. In situ early detection of bacterial biofilm is still a challenge nowadays that causes huge impact in many different scenarios. The ability to detect biofilm generation early will allow better and more efficient treatments preventing high costs and important problems. In this work a new performance of this technique with interdigitated microelectrode sensors (IDE) is proposed. A specific culturing setup where the sensors have been integrated in Petri Dishes has been developed. From the results it can be highlighted that low frequencies are more sensitive for detection than higher ones. The results achieved record variations of approximately 40% in the equivalent serial resistance after 10h of culture. Electrical models have been successfully simulated to find the electrical behavior of the development of biofilms. Variations in both the capacitance and resistance were recorded during the growth of the microbes.
authors.affiliation: CEIT and Tecnun (University of Navarra), Paseo de Manuel Lardizábal, n° 15, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; CIC microGUNE, Goiru Kalea 9, 20500 Arrasate-Mondragon, Spain. Electronic address: jparedes@tecnun.es.
authors.forename: Jacobo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Paredes
authors.affiliation: CEIT and Tecnun (University of Navarra), Paseo de Manuel Lardizábal, n° 15, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; CIC microGUNE, Goiru Kalea 9, 20500 Arrasate-Mondragon, Spain.
authors.forename: Sheila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Becerro
authors.affiliation: CEIT and Tecnun (University of Navarra), Paseo de Manuel Lardizábal, n° 15, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; CIC microGUNE, Goiru Kalea 9, 20500 Arrasate-Mondragon, Spain.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arana
mesh_terms: D018407:Bacterial Physiological Phenomena; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development*; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D025802:Electric Capacitance; D017097:Electric Impedance; D008839:Microelectrodes
keywords: Bacterial biofilm detection; Impedance microbiology; Implantable devices; In situ detection; Interdigitated microelectrode; Petri dishes