title: Fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation changes in monkeys with spinal cord injury: a resting-state fMRI study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has revealed that spinal cord injury (SCI) causes anomalous changes in task-induced brain activation, its effect during the resting state remains unclear. The aim of this study is to explore the changes of the brain resting-state function in non-human primates with unilateral SCI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven adult female rhesus monkeys were subjected to resting-state fMRI: five with unilateral thoracic SCI and six healthy monkeys, to obtain the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) of the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) contrast signal to determine the influence of SCI on the cerebral resting-state function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The SCI-induced fALFF vary significantly in several encephalic regions, including the left cerebellum, the left thalamus, the right lateral geniculate nucleus, the right superior parietal lobule, and the posterior cingulate gyrus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Analysis of the resting-state fMRI provides evidence of abnormal spontaneous brain activations in primates with SCI, which may help us understand the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying the changes in neural plasticity in the central nervous system after SCI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Jia-Sheng
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Manxiu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Can
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100068, China.
authors.forename: Ai-Feng
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; Institutes for Neuroscience, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
authors.forename: Zhao-Yang
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Zuxiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; Institutes for Neuroscience, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China. Electronic address: lxgchina@sina.com.
authors.forename: Xiao-Guang
authors.initials: XG
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000503:physiopathology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012146:Rest; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae / Q000293:injuries / Q000503:physiopathology
keywords: Functional magnetic resonance imaging; Low-frequency fluctuation; Non-human primate; Resting-state; Spinal cord injury