title: Three-dimensional laser scanner evaluation of facial soft tissue changes after LeFort I advancement and rhinoplasty surgery: patients with cleft lip and palate vs patients with nonclefted maxillary retrognathic dysplasia (control group).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to analyze the differences in facial soft tissue changes, despite the same extent of upper jaw forward movement, between patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (uCLP) and those without, after LeFort I osteotomy and secondary rhinoplasty.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve patients with maxillary retrognathic dysplasia and nose deformity were divided in 2 groups, A (uCLP) and B (control), and compared on the basis of the same maxillary advancement. Cephalometry and 3D mean facial model of groups A and B were obtained before and after surgery. Linear and angular measurements were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Upper vermilion and alar base remained unchanged in group A but increased in group B. In both groups, symmetry of the nasal base was improved, and an increase of the sagittal projection of the lips was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  3D analysis showed that surgical procedures for uCLP can provide a satisfactory aesthetic outcome, but some differences are evident in comparison with the control group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public and Pediatric Health Sciences, Legal Medicine Section, University of Turin, Turin, Italy. Electronic address: laura.verze@unito.it.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Verzé
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Sciences, Maxillofacial Surgery Section, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca Antonella
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Bianchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Sciences, Maxillofacial Surgery Section, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Guglielmo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ramieri
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000601:surgery*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000601:surgery*; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019340:Osteotomy, Le Fort; D012225:Rhinoplasty; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D016896:Treatment Outcome