title: The Efficacy of Intermittent Walking in Water on the Rate of MHPG Sulfate and the Severity of Depression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Many studies evaluated the efficacy of exercise on some depression indices, but the effect of physical exercise in exhilarating milieu on urine 3-Methoxy-4-Hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) sulfate-the main metabolite of norepinephrine is not clear. The purpose of this research was to study the effect of a six-week intermittent walking in the water on 24-hour urine MHPG sulfate in depressed female teenagers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four high school female students with depression were divided randomly into case and control group. Pool walking exercise program was implemented 3 sessions weekly for 6 weeks and with a rate of 60-70% of the maximum heart rate. The control group didn't enter any exercise protocol and did not receive any other anti-depressant therapy. HPLC-fluorometric detection assay was used to measure 24-hour urine MHPG sulfate values. The data was analyzed with t-test and Pierson's correlation tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty hour urine MHPG sulfate increased from 1.93 (±0.59) to 4.66 (±0.85) micromole in case group (P ≤ 0.001), and in control group from 1.67 (±0.58) to 1.80 (±0.58) micromole. Increase of 24-hour urine MHPG sulfate and increasing of maximum oxygen consumption showed significant positive correlation (r = 0.65), and a significant negative correlation (r = 0.65) was observed between urine MHPG sulfate and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (Ham-D) score.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aerobics training in exhilarating environments shows desirable influence over reduction of depression. This reduction of depression is correlated with MHPG sulfate elevation.
authors.affiliation: College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Department of sport Physiology, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.
authors.forename: Valiollah
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dabidy Roshan
authors.affiliation: Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pourasghar
authors.affiliation: College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Department of sport Physiology, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.
authors.forename: Zeinab
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Mohammadian
keywords: Aerobics; Depression; Hamilton scale; MHPG Sulfate