title: Utility of live/real time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography in the assessment and percutaneous intervention of bioprosthetic pulmonary valve stenosis.
abstract: Accurate echocardiographic evaluation of the pulmonary valve is technically difficult because of its close proximity to the left lung, which often limits decision making. Pulmonary valvotomy is the intervention of choice for symptomatic pulmonary valve stenosis, but fluoroscopy lacks appropriate real time anatomic detail. In this report, we present a case where direct imaging of the pulmonary valve with live/real time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (3DTEE) aided in accurate evaluation and was then used to help guide and monitor successful valvuloplasty of a stenotic pulmonary valve bioprosthesis. We demonstrate that even in cases where two-dimensional (2D) evaluation of the pulmonary valve is difficult, the use of live/real time 3DTEE allows for accurate evaluation of bioprosthetic pulmonary valve structure and function, and enhances the precision and monitoring of percutaneous valvuloplasty.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
authors.forename: Mustafa I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: Maximiliano German Amado
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Escañuela
authors.forename: William A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Crosland
authors.forename: William S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: McMahon
authors.forename: Oluseun O
authors.initials: OO
authors.lastname: Alli
authors.forename: Navin C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Nanda
mesh_terms: D001705:Bioprosthesis; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D011666:Pulmonary Valve Stenosis / Q000151:congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D012086:Reoperation / Q000379:methods; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: echocardiography; prosthetic valve; pulmonary valve; pulmonary valve prosthesis; pulmonary valve stenosis; three-dimensional echocardiography; three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography