title: MacrophageCryptococcusinteractions:an update.
abstract: Cryptococcusspecies are fungal pathogens that are a leading cause of mortality. Initial inoculation is through the pulmonary route and, if disseminated, results in severe invasive infection including meningoencephalitis. Macrophages are the dominant phagocytic cell that interacts withCryptococcus. Emerging theories suggest thatCryptococcusmicroevolution in macrophages is linked to survival and virulence within the host. In addition,Cryptococcuselaborates virulence factors as well as usurps host machinery to establish macrophage activation states that are permissive to intracellular survival and replication. In this review, we provide an update of the recent findings pertaining to macrophage interaction withCryptococcusand focus on new avenues for biomedical research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts ; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Michael K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Mansour
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts ; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Reedy
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts ; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Jenny M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Tam
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts ; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Jatin M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Vyas
keywords: Cryptococcus; carbohydrate; fungi; glycosylation; innate immunity; macrophage; phagosome