title: Association between attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder and Perthes disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine whether or not there is an association between attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Perthes disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 3 groups of patients: Perthes patients, trauma patients, and orthopedic patients without Perthes disease or history of trauma. Each group was comprised of 56 males and 4 females. Patients were evaluated for present or past diseases, exposure to second-hand smoke, the age at which they had begun to walk, history of trauma prior to Perthes diagnosis in the Perthes group, weight, height and body mass index (BMI). Eighteen questions on the DSM-4 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fourth Edition) ADHD checklist was used in the psychiatric evaluation of patients. The rate of ADHD was compared between groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder was diagnosed in 7 patients in the Perthes group, 3 in the trauma group, and 3 in the non-trauma group; and this difference was not significant (p=0.160).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There were no significant differences in the rate of ADHD between trauma and non-trauma groups of Perthes patients, which suggests no association between ADHD and Perthes disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Göztepe Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul Medeniyet University, İstanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ismail
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Türkmen
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Göztepe Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul Medeniyet University, İstanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Oğuz
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Poyanlı
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Göztepe Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul Medeniyet University, İstanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Koray
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Unay
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Göztepe Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul Medeniyet University, İstanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Bahattin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kemah
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Göztepe Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul Medeniyet University, İstanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Kaya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Akan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Psychiatry, Bakırköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Semra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ulusan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007873:Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution