title: Modeling tandem AAG8-MEK inhibition in melanoma cells.
abstract: Drug resistance presents a challenge to the treatment of cancer patients, especially for melanomas, most of which are caused by the hyperactivation of MAPK signaling pathway. Innate or acquired drug-resistant relapse calls for the investigation of the resistant mechanisms and new anti-cancer drugs to provide implications for the ultimate goal of curative therapy. Aging-associated gene 8 (AAG8, encoded by the SIGMAR1 gene) is a chaperone protein profoundly elaborated in neurology. However, roles of AAG8 in carcinogenesis remain unclear. Herein, we discover AAG8 antagonists as new MEK inhibitors in melanoma cells and propose a novel drug combination strategy for melanoma therapy by presenting the experimental evidences. We report that specific antagonism of AAG8, efficiently suppresses melanoma cell growth and migration through, at least in part, the inactivation of the RAS-CRAF-MEK signaling pathway. We further demonstrate that melanoma cells that are resistant to AAG8 antagonist harbor refractory CRAF-MEK activity. MEK acts as a central mediator for anti-cancer effects and also for the resistance mechanism, leading to our proposal of tandem AAG8-MEK inhibition in melanoma cells. Combination of AAG8 antagonist and very low concentration of a MEK inhibitor synergistically restricts the growth of drug-resistant cells. These data collectively pinpoint AAG8 as a potential target and delineate a promising drug combination strategy for melanoma therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawahara
authors.forename: Teruyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagamune
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000187:drug effects; D004357:Drug Synergism; D006801:Humans; D020930:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics*; D008545:Melanoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage; D017480:Receptors, sigma / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D000097605:Sigma-1 Receptor
chemical_list: D020930:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D017480:Receptors, sigma; D000097605:Sigma-1 Receptor
keywords: AAG8; MEK; drug combination; drug resistance; melanoma