title: Ethanol extracts from Hemerocallis citrina attenuate the upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hemerocallis citrina, a traditional herbal medicine, has been used for the improvement of behavioral and emotional status in Eastern-Asia countries. Previous studies in our laboratory demonstrated that ethanol extracts from Hemerocallis citrina (HCE) enhanced monoamines and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in depression-like model of rodents.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present study extends earlier works on the role of anti-inflammation in regulating the antidepressant-like actions of HCE in rats exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). Frontal cortex and hippocampal proinflammatory cytokines levels and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity were measured after 4-week HCE treatment in the CUMS an control rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Chronic administration of HCE reversed the decreased sucrose preference in sucrose preference test. In addition, we also found that HCE inhibited interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) expression, as well as IDO activity in frontal cortex and hippocampus, which were increased in rats exposed to CUMS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combining with our previous studies, our present finding suggests that the anti-inflammatory property of HCE might play a crucial role in its antidepressant-like effect through, at least in part, the restoration or improvement of monoaminergic and neurotrophin systems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021 Fujian province, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Long
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021 Fujian province, PR China.
authors.forename: Liu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021 Fujian province, PR China.
authors.forename: Bin-Bin
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021 Fujian province, PR China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021 Fujian province, PR China.
authors.forename: Di
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Geng
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021 Fujian province, PR China. Electronic address: liuq@hqu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021 Fujian province, PR China. Electronic address: litao.yi@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Li-Tao
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Yi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000431:Ethanol / Q000302:isolation & purification; D035264:Flowers; D031421:Hemerocallis; D050503:Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D050503:Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D010936:Plant Extracts; D000431:Ethanol
keywords: 3-Dioxygenase.; Chronic unpredictable mild stress; Depression; Hemerocallis citrina; Indoleamine 2; Proinflammatory cytokines