title: Droplet size and composition of nutraceutical nanoemulsions influences bioavailability of long chain fatty acids and Coenzyme Q10.
abstract: The influence of droplet size (d32=0.21, 0.70 or 2.2μm) and oil digestibility (corn oil versus mineral oil) on the bioavailability of a model long chain fatty acid (heptadecanoic acid) and lipophilic nutraceutical (Coenzyme Q10) was investigated using a rat feeding study. Initially, we showed that small droplets were digested more rapidly than large droplets using a simulated small intestinal model (pH stat), which was attributed to the greater surface area of lipid exposed to intestinal juices. The pH stat model also confirmed that emulsified corn oil was digestible, whereas emulsified mineral oil was indigestible. A rat feeding study showed that the bioavailability of the fatty acid and lipophilic nutraceutical in small intestinal tissues was highest when they were encapsulated within digestible oil droplets with the smallest size. This study provides important information for development of nanoemulsion-based delivery systems that increase oral bioavailability of lipophilic nutraceuticals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
authors.forename: H T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Technology, University of Lleida, Lleida 25198, Spain.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Salvia-Trujillo
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA. Electronic address: mcclements@foodsci.umass.edu.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: McClements
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D003314:Corn Oil / Q000737:chemistry; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000032:analysis*; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry; D004655:Emulsions / Q000737:chemistry; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000378:metabolism; D008899:Mineral Oil / Q000737:chemistry; D010316:Particle Size; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014451:Ubiquinone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D004655:Emulsions; D005227:Fatty Acids; D014451:Ubiquinone; D003314:Corn Oil; D008899:Mineral Oil; C024989:coenzyme Q10; C013102:margaric acid
keywords: Coenzyme Q10; Emulsions; Encapsulation; Fatty acids; Feeding study; Lipid digestibility; Nanoemulsions; Nutraceuticals; Rats