title: A novel photodynamic therapy for drug-resistant prostate cancer cells using porphyrus envelope as a novel photosensitizer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the clinic, it is often very difficult to treat drug-resistant advanced prostate cancer by conventional treatments. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive treatment that takes advantage of photochemical reactions between a photosensitizer and light. On the basis of several of its key characteristics, PDT is considered to be a promising novel method for treating drug-resistant prostate cancer.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  For effective treatment of drug-resistant prostate cancer, we developed a novel agent termed porphyrus envelope, which was produced from PpIX lipid and hemagglutinating virus of Japan envelope (HVJ-E).
  
  
  METHODS
  We inserted PpIX lipid into HVJ-E by centrifugation, and used the resultant porphyrus envelope in PDT of two drug-resistant prostate cancer cell lines, PC-3 and PC-3-DR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Porphyrus envelope enhanced uptake of PpIX, and cytotoxicity of PDT, relative to free PpIX lipid or PpIX induced by 5-ALA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PDT using porphyrus envelope has potential as a method for treating drug-resistant prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. Electronic address: yamauchi-m@see.eng.osaka-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Masaya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamauchi
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Institute for Academic Initiatives, Osaka University, 1-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Norihiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Honda
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Hisanao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hazama
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1 Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8588, Japan.
authors.forename: Shoji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tachikawa
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1 Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8588, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasufumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kaneda
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; The Center for Advanced Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Kunio
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Awazu
mesh_terms: D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011524:Protoporphyrins; D029082:Sendai virus
chemical_list: D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D011524:Protoporphyrins; D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid; C028025:protoporphyrin IX
keywords: Drug delivery system; Drug resistance; Hemagglutinating virus of Japan envelope; Photodynamic therapy; Prostate cancer