title: High efficiencies in the electrochemical oxidation of an anthraquinonic dye with conductive-diamond anodes.
abstract: Oxidation of anthraquinonic dye Acid Blue 62 by electrolysis with conductive-diamond electrodes is studied in this work. COD, TOC, and color have been selected to monitor the degradation of the molecule as a function of several operating inputs (current density, pH, temperature, and NaCl concentration). Results show that the electrochemical oxidation of this model of large molecules follows a first order kinetics in all the conditions assessed, and it does not depend on the pH and temperature. The occurrence of chloride ions in wastewaters increases the rate of color and COD removal as a consequence of the mediated oxidation promoted by the chlorinated oxidizing species. However, chloride occurrence does not have an influence on the mineralization rate. First-order kinetic-constants for color depletion (attack to chromophores groups), oxidation (COD removal), and mineralization (TOC removal) were found to depend on the current density and to increase significantly with its value. A single model was proposed to explain these changes in terms of the mediated oxidation processes. Rate of mineralization remained very close to that expected for a purely mass transfer-controlled process. This was explained assuming that mediated oxidation does not have a significant influence on the mineralization in spite it has some effect on intermediate oxidation stages. The efficiency of the oxidation was found to depend mainly on the concentration of COD being negligible the effect of the other inputs assessed except for the occurrence of chloride ions. Opposite, the efficiency of mineralization depends on concentration of TOC and current density and it did not depend on the chloride occurrence. This observation was found to have an important influence on the power required to remove a given percentage of the initial TOC or COD. To decrease COD efficiently, the occurrence of chloride in the solution is very important, while to remove TOC efficiently, it is more important to work at low current densities and chloride effect is negligible. Energy consumption could be decreased by folds using the proper conditions.
authors.affiliation: Departmento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, C. P. 676, 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: José Mario
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Aquino
authors.forename: Romeu C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Rocha-Filho
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sáez
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cañizares
authors.forename: Manuel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rodrigo
mesh_terms: D000880:Anthraquinones / Q000737:chemistry*; D057919:Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; D002712:Chlorides / Q000737:chemistry; D003116:Color; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D018130:Diamond / Q000737:chemistry; D004563:Electrochemistry; D004566:Electrodes; D004572:Electrolysis; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007700:Kinetics; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D013696:Temperature; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000880:Anthraquinones; D002712:Chlorides; D004396:Coloring Agents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D018130:Diamond