title: Inside the brachycephalic nose: intranasal mucosal contact points.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of intranasal mucosal contact points in brachycephalic and normocephalic dogs. In total, 82 brachycephalic dogs (42 pugs and 40 French bulldogs) were evaluated by rhinoscopy for their intranasal mucosal contact and 25 normocephalic dogs were evaluated as a control group. Of those, 162 brachycephalic nasal cavities were evaluable and 140 had contact between intranasal structures (87%). Intraconchal and septoconchal mucosal contact points were the most commonly detected sites of contact. French bulldogs had a significantly higher prevalence of mucosal contact and had 3 mean contact points compared with 1.7 mean contact points per nasal cavity in pugs. Septal deviations were present in 62% of brachycephalic dogs. In the control group, mucosal contact points were present in only 7 of 50 nasal cavities (14%), and septal deviations occurred in 16% of those cases. Contact point average was 0.1 in large and 0.3 in small normocephalic dogs. Intranasal mucosal contact was identified as a common and previously unreported problem in brachycephalic dogs. Numerous contact points reduce the lumen of the intranasal passageways and indicate potential intranasal obstruction. Affected dogs might benefit from removal of obstructing conchae, potentially using laser-assisted turbinectomy.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Department of Small Animals, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Riccarda
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schuenemann
authors.forename: Gerhard U
authors.initials: GU
authors.lastname: Oechtering
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001999:Bronchoscopy / Q000662:veterinary; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic / Q000662:veterinary; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D004285:Dogs; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000473:pathology*; D015508:Nasal Obstruction / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D010375:Pedigree; D015995:Prevalence