title: [Evaluation of relationships between plasma androgens level and clinical signs of hipoandrogenism according to age and comorbidity of metabolic syndrome in men].
abstract: The prevalence of late-onset hipogonadism (LOH) in men is not accurately determined and may be overestimated. Androgen deficiency is causally linked to insulin resistance, regardless of age. Clinical signs of androgen deficiency are not uniquely specific for LOH. The aim of this study was to assess the correlations between androgen serum levels and clinical symptoms of andropenia depending on the age. We evaluated the relationships between the frequency of LOH and metabolic syndrome (MS) and compared different methods of androgen assessment in the context of their clinical relevance.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 153 randomly selected men aged 40 to 70 years adrenal (DHEA and DHEAS) and gonadal (total-TT and free testosterone-FT) androgens were evaluated and compared with free (c-FT) and bioavailable testosterone (c-BAT) calculated with a mathematical algorithm. European Male Aging Study criteria for the diagnosis of LOH were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TT concentration (r = -0.074, p = 0.363) and FT (r = -0.054, p = 0.505) did not correlate with age, in contrast to the c-FT (r = -0.280, p = 0.0005 ), c-BAT (r = -0.297, p = 0.0002) and both adrenal androgens: DHEA (r = -0.318, p = 0.00001) and DHEAS (r = -0.506, p < 0.00001). The clinical signs suggesting andropenia were found in 31.4% of participants and androgen deficiency in 28.8% of men. The incidence of these signs increased significantly with the age of respondents. In contrast, the criteria of LOH in the entire group were fulfilled by only 6.5% of men. Men diagnosed with MS showed significantly lower TT plasma levels: 5.05 (3.70-6.45) vs. 6.30 (5.40-8.30), p < 0.0001--contrary to the FT, c-FT, c-BAT as well as DHEA/DHEAS serum levels, regardless of age. Men meeting the full criteria for LOH (clinical symptoms and laboratory-confirmed hipoandrogenemia) revealed more than a five-fold higher risk of metabolic syndrome in relation to others (OR = 5.533, 95% CI: 1.134-27.+ 01). Total, free, calculated-free and calculated-bioavailable testosterone serum concentrations were strongly correlated with each other. Similarly, the plasma concentrations of both adrenal androgens were mutually positively correlated (r = 0.417, p < 0.0001), but any correlation between the gonadal androgens and DHEA/DHEAS were revealed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of isolated hipoandrogenemia and clinical symptoms suggestive andropenia is clearly greater than the actual frequency of LOH. Fulfilling the criteria for LOH significantly increases the risk of MS.
authors.forename: Waldemar Adam
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Herman
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krzoska
authors.forename: Elzbieta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pawliczak
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roszak
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Łacka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D000728:Androgens / Q000097:blood*; D015897:Comorbidity; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007006:Hypogonadism / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D013739:Testosterone