title: Element and PAH constituents in the residues and liquid oil from biosludge pyrolysis in an electrical thermal furnace.
abstract: Biosludge can be pyrolyzed to produce liquid oil as an alternative fuel. The content of five major elements, 22 trace elements and 16 PAHs was investigated in oven-dried raw material, pyrolysis residues and pyrolysis liquid products. Results indicated 39% carbon, 4.5% hydrogen, 4.2% nitrogen and 1.8% sulfur were in oven dried biosludge. Biosludge pyrolysis, carried out at temperatures from 400 to 800°C, corresponded to 34-14% weight in pyrolytic residues, 32-50% weight in liquid products and 31-40% weight in the gas phase. The carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen decreased and the sulfur content increased with an increase in the pyrolysis temperature at 400-800°C. NaP (2 rings) and AcPy (3 rings) were the major PAHs, contributing 86% of PAHs in oven-dried biosludge. After pyrolysis, the PAH content increased with the increase of pyrolysis temperature, which also results in a change in the PAH species profile. In pyrolysis liquid oil, NaP, AcPy, Flu and PA were the major species, and the content of the 16 PAHs ranged from 1.6 to 19 μg/ml at pyrolysis temperatures ranging from 400 to 800°C. Ca, Mg, Al, Fe and Zn were the dominant trace elements in the raw material and the pyrolysis residues. In addition, low toxic metal (Cd, V, Co, and Pb) content was found in the liquid oil, and its heat value was 7,800-9,500 kcal/kg, which means it can be considered as an alternative fuel.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Risk Management, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. Electronic address: hlchiang@mail.cmu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Hung-Lung
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering and Science, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Kuo-Hsiung
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Instrument Department Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering and Science, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Zhu-Xin
authors.initials: ZX
authors.lastname: Shieh
mesh_terms: D056804:Biofuels; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D017745:Incineration; D008670:Metals / Q000032:analysis; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis*; D011210:Power Plants; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D008670:Metals; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D014131:Trace Elements
keywords: Metal; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs); Pyrolysis; Sludge