title: Microfluidic-enabled liposomes elucidate size-dependent transdermal transport.
abstract: Microfluidic synthesis of small and nearly-monodisperse liposomes is used to investigate the size-dependent passive transdermal transport of nanoscale lipid vesicles. While large liposomes with diameters above 105 nm are found to be excluded from deeper skin layers past the stratum corneum, the primary barrier to nanoparticle transport, liposomes with mean diameters between 31-41 nm exhibit significantly enhanced penetration. Furthermore, multicolor fluorescence imaging reveals that the smaller liposomes pass rapidly through the stratum corneum without vesicle rupture. These findings reveal that nanoscale liposomes with well-controlled size and minimal size variance are excellent vehicles for transdermal delivery of functional nanoparticle drugs.
authors.affiliation: Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America.
authors.forename: Renee R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Hood
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America.
authors.forename: Eric L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Kendall
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Sedation, and Perioperative Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America.
authors.forename: Mariana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Junqueira
authors.affiliation: Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America.
authors.forename: Wyatt N
authors.initials: WN
authors.lastname: Vreeland
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Sedation, and Perioperative Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America.
authors.forename: Zenaide
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Quezado
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Sedation, and Perioperative Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America.
authors.forename: Julia C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Finkel
authors.affiliation: Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America.
authors.forename: Don L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: DeVoe
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D008081:Liposomes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D044085:Microfluidics; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D010316:Particle Size; D010539:Permeability; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism*; D012869:Skin Absorption; D013552:Swine; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D008081:Liposomes; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols