title: Selective sampling and measurement of Cr (VI) in water with polyquaternary ammonium salt as a binding agent in diffusive gradients in thin-films technique.
abstract: A diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) device with polyquaternary ammonium salt (PQAS) as a novel binding agent (PQAS DGT) combined with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) was developed for the selective sampling and measurement of Cr (VI) in water. The performance of PQAS DGT was independent of pH 3-12 and ionic strength from 1 × 10(-3) to 1 molL(-1). DGT validation experiments showed that Cr (VI) was measured accurately as well as selectively by PQAS DGT, whereas Cr (III) was not determined quantitatively. Compared with diphenylcarbazide spectrophotometric method (DPC), the measurement of Cr (VI) with PQAS DGT was agreement with that of DPC method in the industrial wastewater. PQAS-DGT device had been successfully deployed in local freshwater. The concentrations of Cr (VI) determined by PQAS DGT coupled with GFAAS in Nuer River, Ling River and North Lake were 0.73 ± 0.09 μg L(-1), 0.50 ± 0.07 μg L(-1) and 0.61 ± 0.07 μg L(-1), respectively. The results indicate that PQAS DGT device can be used for the selective sampling and measurement Cr (VI) in water and its detection limit is lower than that of DPC method.
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Food Safety, Bohai University, China; Research Institute of Food Science, Bohai University, China; Food Safety Key Lab of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou 121013, China. Electronic address: redastar@163.com.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Food Safety, Bohai University, China; Research Institute of Food Science, Bohai University, China; Food Safety Key Lab of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou 121013, China.
authors.forename: Yang-Yang
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Food Safety, Bohai University, China; Research Institute of Food Science, Bohai University, China; Food Safety Key Lab of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou 121013, China.
authors.forename: Ke-Li
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Food Safety, Bohai University, China; Research Institute of Food Science, Bohai University, China; Food Safety Key Lab of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou 121013, China.
authors.forename: Lian-Wen
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Food Safety, Bohai University, China.
authors.forename: Jia-Li
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Food Safety, Bohai University, China; Research Institute of Food Science, Bohai University, China; Food Safety Key Lab of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou 121013, China.
authors.forename: Le
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bo
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Food Safety, Bohai University, China; Research Institute of Food Science, Bohai University, China; Food Safety Key Lab of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou 121013, China.
authors.forename: Meng-Han
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Food Safety, Bohai University, China; Research Institute of Food Science, Bohai University, China; Food Safety Key Lab of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou 121013, China. Electronic address: lijianrong@zjgsu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jian-Rong
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D002857:Chromium / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D004058:Diffusion; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002857:Chromium; C074702:chromium hexavalent ion
keywords: Chromium (VI); Diffusive gradients in thin films; Passive sampling; Polyquaternary ammonium salt; Water