title: Cruciferous vegetable intake is inversely correlated with circulating levels of proinflammatory markers in women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Higher intakes of cruciferous vegetables or their constituents have been shown to lower inflammation in animal studies. However, evidence for this anti-inflammatory effect of cruciferous vegetable consumption in humans is scarce.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In this cross-sectional analysis, we evaluated associations of vegetable intake with a panel of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers among 1,005 middle-aged Chinese women. Dietary intake of foods was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multivariable-adjusted circulating concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interlukin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-6 were lower among women with higher intakes of cruciferous vegetables. The differences in concentrations of inflammatory biomarkers between extreme quintiles of cruciferous vegetable intake were 12.66% for TNF-α (Ptrend=0.01), 18.18% for IL-1β (Ptrend=0.02), and 24.68% for IL-6 (Ptrend=0.02). A similar, but less apparent, inverse association was found for intakes of all vegetables combined but not for noncruciferous vegetables. Levels of the urinary oxidative stress markers F2-isoprostanes and their major metabolite, 2,3-dinor-5,6-dihydro-15-F2t-IsoP, were not associated with intakes of cruciferous vegetables or all vegetables combined.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that the previously observed health benefits of cruciferous vegetable consumption may be partly associated with the anti-inflammatory effects of these vegetables.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Sheng-Hui
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Xiao-Ou
authors.initials: XO
authors.lastname: Shu
authors.forename: Yong-Bing
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.forename: Bu-Tian
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Ginger L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Milne
authors.forename: Qiuyin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Xianglan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yu-Tang
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Gong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000483:Alleles; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D019607:Brassicaceae; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D028441:F2-Isoprostanes / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008019:Life Style; D016014:Linear Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood; D014675:Vegetables
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D028441:F2-Isoprostanes; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C413545:glutathione S-transferase T1
keywords: Biomarker; Cruciferous vegetables; Inflammation; Oxidative stress