title: Cardiovascular comorbidity in rheumatic diseases: a focus on heart failure.
abstract: Rheumatic diseases are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) mortality attributed to a higher incidence of heart failure (HF) and ischemic heart disease. Although traditional CV risk factors contribute to the increased incidence seen in this population, by themselves they do not account for the increased risk; in fact, obesity and hyperlipidemia may play a paradoxic role. Immune-mediated mechanisms and chronic inflammation likely play a role in the pathogenesis of CV disease in patients with rheumatic diseases. The usual clinical features of ischemic heart disease and HF are less likely to be seen in this patient population.
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Kerry
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. Electronic address: crowson@mayo.edu.
authors.forename: Cynthia S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Crowson
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Sherine E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Gabriel
mesh_terms: D006333:Heart Failure / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D011379:Prognosis; D012216:Rheumatic Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Cardiovascular disease; Heart failure; Rheumatoid arthritis; Systemic lupus erythematosus