title: Two-dimensional high spatial-resolution dosimeter using europium doped potassium chloride: a feasibility study.
abstract: Recent research has shown that KCl:Eu²⁺ has great potential for use in megavoltage radiation therapy dosimetry because this material exhibits excellent storage performance and is reusable due to strong radiation hardness. This work reports the authors' attempts to fabricate 2D KCl:Eu²⁺ storage phosphor films (SPFs) using both a physical vapor deposition (PVD) method and a tape casting method. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that a 10 µm thick PVD sample was composed of highly crystalline KCl. No additional phases were observed, suggesting that the europium activator had been completely incorporated into the KCl matrix. Photostimulated luminescence and photoluminescence spectra suggested that F (Cl(-)) centers were the electron storage centers post x-ray irradiation and that Eu²⁺ cations acted as luminescence centers in the photostimulation process. The 150 µm thick casted KCl:Eu²⁺ SPF showed sub-millimeter spatial-resolution. Monte Carlo simulations further demonstrated that the admixture of 20% KCl:Eu²⁺ and 80% low Z polymer binder exhibited almost no energy-dependence in a 6 MV beam. KCl:Eu²⁺ pellet samples showed a large dynamic range from 0.01 cGy to 60 Gy dose-to-water, and saturated at approximately 500 Gy as a result of KCl's intrinsic high radiation hardness. Taken together, this work provides strong evidence that KCl:Eu²⁺-based SPF with associated readout apparatus could result in a novel electronic film system that has all the desirable features associated with classic radiographic film and, importantly, water equivalence and the capability of permanent identification of each detector.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA. Center for Materials Innovation, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA.
authors.forename: H Harold
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Joseph P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Driewer
authors.forename: Zhaohui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Daniel A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Low
authors.forename: Deshan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Zhiyan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xiao
mesh_terms: D005063:Europium; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D011189:Potassium Chloride; D011859:Radiography; D011874:Radiometry / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D005063:Europium; D011189:Potassium Chloride