title: Lingual thyroidectomy: the Mayo Clinic experience with transoral laser microsurgery and transoral robotic surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We report the clinical findings, surgical management, and outcomes for lingual thyroidectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective case review of lingual thyroidectomy performed at 3 tertiary-care academic referral centers between 1994 and 2012.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine patients underwent lingual thyroidectomy for symptoms including globus sensation (6 patients), dysphagia (5 patients), and airway obstruction (5 patients). Before surgery, 3 patients had attempted medical suppressive therapy. Lingual thyroidectomy was performed by transoral laser microsurgery in 4 patients, transoral robotic surgery in 3 patients, transoral surgery without microscopic assistance in 1 patient, and an open approach with a modified Sistrunk procedure in 1 patient. Total thyroidectomy was attained in 7 patients, and subtotal resection in 2. The follow-up averaged 8 months, and all patients reported significant improvement in their symptoms. One patient had a recurrence. Complications included postoperative bleeding and epiglottic perforation in 1 patient and airway obstruction secondary to angioedema in another patient. There was no significant difference in operative times between transoral laser microsurgery (91 ± 16 minutes) and transoral robotic surgery (109 ± 35 minutes). Transoral surgery without microscopic assistance and open resection had longer operative times (206 and 246 minutes, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgical resection of lingual thyroid glands achieves significant improvement in patient symptoms, with low rates of recurrence. We favor a total lingual thyroidectomy approach with use of either a microscope or a robotic endoscope for optical assistance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
authors.forename: Brittany E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Michael L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Hinni
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy; D046151:Lingual Thyroid / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012371:Robotics / Q000379:methods*; D013965:Thyroidectomy / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: ectopic thyroid gland; lingual thyroid gland; recurrence; transoral laser microsurgery; transoral robotic surgery