title: Vitreous biomarkers in diabetic retinopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: The aim of this study was to perform a systematic meta-analysis of biomarkers investigated with diabetic retinopathy (DR) in the vitreous, and to explore the molecular pathway interactions of these markers found to be consistently associated with DR. Relevant databases [PubMed and ISI web of science] were searched for all published articles investigating molecular biomarkers of the vitreous associated with DR. Based on set exclusion/inclusion criteria available data from studies with human vitreous samples were extracted and used for our meta-analysis. The interactions of significant biomarkers in DR were investigated via STRING and KEGG pathway analysis. Our meta-analysis of DR identifies eleven biomarkers as potential therapeutic candidates alternate to current anti-VEGF therapy. Four of these are deemed viable therapeutic targets for PDR; ET receptors (ET A and ET B), anti-PDGF-BB, blocking TGF-β using cell therapy and PEDF. The identification of supplementary or synergistic therapeutic candidates to anti VEGF in the treatment of DR may aid in the development of future treatment trials.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Eye Research Australia, The University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Australia. Electronic address: amcauley@unimelb.edu.au.
authors.forename: Annie K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: McAuley
authors.affiliation: Centre for Eye Research Australia, The University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Australia; Lions Eye Institute, Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Paul G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Sanfilippo
authors.affiliation: Centre for Eye Research Australia, The University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Australia; Lions Eye Institute, Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Alex W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Hewitt
authors.affiliation: Centre for Eye Research Australia, The University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Centre for Eye Research Australia, The University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Australia; Office of Clinical Sciences, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.
authors.forename: Ecosse
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lamoureux
authors.affiliation: Centre for Eye Research Australia, The University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia.
authors.forename: Jie Jin
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Centre for Eye Research Australia, The University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Australia; Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Paul P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Connell
mesh_terms: D000077214:Becaplermin; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis / Q000378:metabolism; D044022:Receptor, Endothelin A / Q000378:metabolism; D044023:Receptor, Endothelin B / Q000378:metabolism; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis; D044022:Receptor, Endothelin A; D044023:Receptor, Endothelin B; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D000077214:Becaplermin
keywords: EPO; HGF; IL-6; IL-8; KEGG pathway; Macular edema; Proliferative retinopathy; VEGF; Vitrectomy