title: Duplication of acetylcholinesterase gene in diamondback moth strains with different sensitivities to acephate.
abstract: This study examined the acetylcholinesterase 1 gene (AChE1) in Plutella xylostella strains with different sensitivities to acephate. Multiple haplotypes of the gene were found in the field-collected strains including distinct haplotypes carrying one or both previously reported mutations (A298S and G324A). Moreover, sequencing results indicated the presence of duplicated copies of the gene in the field-collected strains. No correlation was found between copy numbers of AChE1 and levels of resistance to acephate suggesting that extensive AChE1 duplication is not a major resistance factor at least in some P. xylostella strains. Proportions of the A298S and G324A mutations showed no correlation with levels of resistance to acephate. This suggests that acephate resistance of P. xylostella is complex and cannot be evaluated based on the AChE1 copy number or proportions of the resistance mutations alone.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan. Electronic address: sonodas@rib.okayama-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Shoji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sonoda
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China.
authors.forename: Xueyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China.
authors.forename: Dunlun
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China.
authors.forename: Pei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China.
authors.forename: Xiwu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
authors.forename: Youjun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Protection, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
authors.forename: Jianhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Crop Protection Institute, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: NARO Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, Koshi, Kumamoto 861-1192, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsumura
authors.affiliation: NARO Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, Koshi, Kumamoto 861-1192, Japan.
authors.forename: Sachiyo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sanada-Morimura
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan.
authors.forename: Chieka
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Minakuchi
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiharu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan.
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyata
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002681:China; D006579:Heterozygote; D007305:Insecticide Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity; D007564:Japan; D007814:Larva; D009036:Moths / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics*; D009946:Organothiophosphorus Compounds / Q000633:toxicity; D063088:Phosphoramides / Q000633:toxicity; D013785:Thailand
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D009946:Organothiophosphorus Compounds; D063088:Phosphoramides; C001969:acephate; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase
keywords: Acetylcholinesterase; Diamondback moth; Gene duplication; Mutation; Organophosphate