title: Quantifying inter-individual anatomical variability in the subcortex using 7 T structural MRI.
abstract: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data are usually registered into standard anatomical space. However, standard atlases, such as LPBA40, the Harvard-Oxford atlas, FreeSurfer, and the Jülich cytoarchitectonic maps all lack important detailed information about small subcortical structures like the substantia nigra and subthalamic nucleus. Here we introduce a new subcortical probabilistic atlas based on ultra-high resolution in-vivo anatomical imaging from 7 T MRI. The atlas includes six important but elusive subcortical nuclei: the striatum, the globus pallidus internal and external segment (GPi/e), the subthalamic nucleus, the substantia nigra, and the red nucleus. With a sample of 30 young subjects and carefully cross-validated delineation protocols, our atlas is able to capture the anatomical variability within healthy populations for each of the included structures at an unprecedented level of detail. All the generated probabilistic atlases are registered to MNI standard space and are publicly available.
authors.affiliation: Cognitive Science Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Keuken
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: P-L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Bazin
authors.affiliation: Cognitive Science Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Crown
authors.affiliation: Cognitive Science Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hootsmans
authors.affiliation: Cognitive Science Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Laufer
authors.affiliation: Cognitive Science Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Müller-Axt
authors.affiliation: Cognitive Science Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sier
authors.affiliation: Cognitive Science Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: van der Putten
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schäfer
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.affiliation: Cognitive Science Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany. Electronic address: buforstmann@gmail.com.
authors.forename: B U
authors.initials: BU
authors.lastname: Forstmann
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D016247:Information Storage and Retrieval / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D008954:Models, Biological; D015233:Models, Statistical; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Anatomical atlas; Basal ganglia; Red nucleus; Substantia nigra; Subthalamic nucleus