title: Altered prefrontal connectivity after acute heroin administration during cognitive control.
abstract: Neuroimaging studies have reported reduced activity in a broad network of brain regions during response inhibition in heroin-dependent patients. However, how heroin in an acute dose modulates the neural correlates of response inhibition and the underlying brain connectivity has not yet been investigated. In this double-blind placebo-controlled study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine whether acute heroin administration changed whole brain activity during response inhibition in 26 heroin-dependent patients. We then applied dynamic causal modelling to investigate the effect of an acute dose of heroin on the functional interactions between the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and the bilateral inferior frontal gyri (IFG). Heroin acutely reduced dACC activity, as well as the inhibition-induced modulation of connectivity from the dACC to the right IFG compared with placebo. Furthermore, dACC activity was positively related to false alarm rates after placebo but not heroin administration. These results suggest that acute heroin administration impairs cognitive control in dependent patients by reducing the activity in the dACC activity and the functional connectivity from the dACC to the right IFG.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry (UPK),University of Basel, University Hospital Basel,Basel,Switzerland.
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry (UPK),University of Basel, University Hospital Basel,Basel,Switzerland.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Borgwardt
authors.affiliation: Division of Substance Use Disorders,University Hospital Basel,Switzerland.
authors.forename: Hana
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gerber
authors.affiliation: Division of Substance Use Disorders,University Hospital Basel,Switzerland.
authors.forename: Otto
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Schmid
authors.affiliation: Division of Substance Use Disorders,University Hospital Basel,Switzerland.
authors.forename: Gerhard A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Wiesbeck
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry (UPK),University of Basel, University Hospital Basel,Basel,Switzerland.
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Riecher-Rössler
authors.affiliation: Medical Image Analysis Centre,University Hospital Basel,Switzerland.
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bendfeldt
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry (UPK),University of Basel, University Hospital Basel,Basel,Switzerland.
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Smieskova
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry (UPK),University of Basel, University Hospital Basel,Basel,Switzerland.
authors.forename: Undine E
authors.initials: UE
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosis Studies/Child Psychiatry,King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry,UK.
authors.forename: Katya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rubia
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry (UPK),University of Basel, University Hospital Basel,Basel,Switzerland.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Walter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D003932:Heroin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006556:Heroin Dependence / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008959:Models, Neurological; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D003932:Heroin; D010100:Oxygen