title: Quantification of verbascoside in medicinal species of Phlomis and their genetic relationships.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The genus Phlomis (Lamiaceae) is introduced by its valuable medicinal species, of which 17 species are growing wildly and ten of them are exclusively endemic of Iran. The main phytochemical characteristic of this genus is presence of iridoid glycosides including ipolamide, auroside, lamiide and also phenylethanoids such as verbascoside (acetoside) found in Lamiales order.Due to the broad range of biological and pharmacological activities of verbascoside and lack of any report on quantification of this compound within Iranian species of Phlomis, we conducted a research to achieve two main goals, finding a genetic biodiversity by RAPD (Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA), as well as detecting and quantifying verbascoside in nine species of Phlomis growing wildly in Iran.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that various samples of P.olivieri possess different genetic distances from each other. Also, various species of P.olivieri display close relationships to P.anisodonta and P. persica. Phytoanalysis of Phlomis species by means of TLC scanner using verbascoside as a phytochemical marker showed that the highest concentration of verbascoside was found in P. anisodonta, however, P. bruguieri and P. olivieri (from Mazandaran) were in the second and third places. Interestingly, the lowest concentration of verbascoside was detected in P. olivieri (from Azerbayjan), exhibiting the effect of various growing areas and conditions on the measured levels of this compound.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  verbascoside can be found in various species of Iranian Phlomis, of which P. anisodonta, P. bruguieri and P. olivieri might be the best choices. In addition, although the concentration of verbascoside in these plants may be affected by the growing areas and conditions, there are a good agreement between genetic relations and verbascoside levels.
authors.forename: Parisa
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sarkhail
authors.forename: Marjan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nikan
authors.forename: Pantea
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sarkheil
authors.forename: Ahmad R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Gohari
authors.forename: Yousef
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ajani
authors.forename: Rohollah
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hosseini
authors.forename: Abbass
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hadjiakhoondi
authors.affiliation: Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. saeidnia_s@tums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Soodabeh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saeidnia