title: [Comparison of cepstral coefficients to other voice evaluation parameters in patients with occupational dysphonia].
abstract: BACKGROUND Special consideration has recently been given to cepstral analysis with mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs). The aim of this study was to assess the applicability of MFCCs in acoustic analysis for diagnosing occupational dysphonia in comparison to subjective and objective parameters of voice evaluation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study comprised 2 groups, one of 55 female teachers (mean age: 45 years) with occupational dysphonia confirmed by videostroboscopy and 40 female controls with normal voice (mean age: 43 years). The acoustic samples involving sustained vowels "a" and four standardized sentences were analyzed by computed analysis of MFCCs. The results were compared to acoustic parameters of jitter and shimmer groups, noise to harmonic ratio, Yanagihara index evaluating the grade of hoarseness, the aerodynamic parameter: maximum phonation time and also subjective parameters: GRBAS perceptual scale and Voice Handicap Index (VHI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The compared results revealed differences between the study and control groups, significant for MFCC2, MFCC3, MFCC5, MFCC6, MFCC8, MFCC10, particularly for MFCC6 (p < 0.001) and MFCC8 (p < 0.009), which may suggest their clinical applicability. In the study group, MFCC4, MFCC8 and MFCC10 correlated significantly with the major objective parameters of voice assessment. Moreover, MFCC8 coefficient, which in the female teachers correlated with all eight objective parameters, also showed the significant relation with perceptual voice feature A (asthenity) of subjective scale GRBAS, characteristic of weak tired voice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The cepstral analysis with mel frequency cepstral coefficients is a promising tool for evaluating occupational voice disorders, capable of reflecting the perceptual voice features better than other methods of acoustic analysis.
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Niebudek-Bogusz
authors.forename: Paweł
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Strumiłło
authors.forename: Justyna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wiktorowicz
authors.forename: Mariola
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sliwińska-Kowalska
mesh_terms: D055154:Dysphonia / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D010699:Phonation; D013061:Speech Acoustics; D049489:Stroboscopy