title: "You don't want to ask for the help" the imperative of independence: is it related to social exclusion?
abstract: Independence is highly valued in Western society. The emphasis on independence and consequent fear of dependence may, however, have a downside, potentially leading to social exclusion. Through photovoice methodology, we explored what older adults say about the importance of independence in their lives and how independence may relate to social exclusion. Data consisted of photographs, journals, interviews, and focus group transcripts from 30 participants residing in Manitoba, Canada, collected as part of a larger program of research on "age-friendly" communities. Findings highlighted the importance of resources and supports to help older adults remain independent and feel included and that fear of dependence and being perceived as "old" can lead to social exclusion. Policy initiatives designed to make communities more age-friendly are one way to enhance older adults' independence and, ultimately, quality of life. It is equally important, however, that such initiatives go hand-in-hand with reimaging aging and old age.
authors.affiliation: Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada s.bell@dal.ca.
authors.forename: Sheri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.affiliation: University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
authors.forename: Verena
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Menec
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged / Q000523:psychology*; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D006801:Humans; D057187:Independent Living / Q000523:psychology*; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008350:Manitoba; D008875:Middle Aged; D012929:Psychological Distance; D012944:Social Support
keywords: age-friendly communities; dependence; independence; photovoice methodology; social exclusion