title: Infants 1-90 days old hospitalized with human rhinovirus infection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human rhinovirus (HRV) is a common cause of respiratory illness in children. The impact of HRV infection on 1- to 90-day-old infants is unclear. We hypothesized that HRV infection would be clinically similar to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in the hospitalized infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a retrospective study of hospitalized infants, who were 1-90 days old, with HRV or RSV within the Southern California Kaiser Permanente network over a 1-year period (August 2010 to October 2011).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 245 hospitalized infants who underwent respiratory virus testing. HRV was found in 52 infants (21%) compared to 79 infants (32%) with RSV (P = 0.008). Infants with HRV infection experienced longer hospital stays compared to those with RSV (median length of stay 4 days vs. 3 days, P = 0.009) and had fewer short hospital stays ≤3 days (P = 0.029). There was a trend in infants with HRV infection to be younger (P = 0.071) and have more fevers (P = 0.052).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recent advances in diagnostics allow for identification of a broad range of viral pathogens in infants. Compared to RSV, HRV was associated with longer hospital stays. Additional studies and improved, more specific testing, methods are needed to further define the effects of HRV infection in infants 1-90 days old.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Kaiser Permanente, Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
authors.forename: Jeffrey M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bender
authors.forename: Charla S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Joven
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cumpio
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Novak
authors.forename: Rosemary C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: She
authors.forename: Evan A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Steinberg
authors.forename: Elizabeth M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Marlowe
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D010850:Picornaviridae Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D018357:Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D012136:Respiratory Syncytial Viruses / Q000472:pathogenicity; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012229:Rhinovirus / Q000472:pathogenicity*
keywords: febrile infant; respiratory syncytial virus; respiratory viruses; serious bacterial infection