title: CD14(+) HLA-DR low/(-) monocytes as indicator of disease aggressiveness in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aimed to assess the correlation between the percentage of CD14(+) HLA-DR(low/-) immunosuppressive monocytes, plasma arginase 1 level, and disease aggressiveness in patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-two patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma and 20 healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. Peripheral blood CD14+ HLA-DR(low/-) monocytes were detected by Flow cytometry, and their correlation with disease relapse and refractoriness was analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The percent of CD14(+) HLA-DR(low/-) monocytes was significantly higher in the lymphoma patients than in the healthy controls (control, 9.3 ± 4%; lymphoma, 35.8 ± 20.2%; P < 0.0001), higher in stage III& IV than stage II (stage II, 26.48 ± 17%, n = 26; stage III & IV, 50.8 ± 15.4%, n = 16; P < 0.0001), more in diffuse large cell lymphoma than other pathology types and in relapsed/refractory patients than in patients who achieved remission during follow-up (relapsed/refractory, n = 18, 45.7 ± 16.7%; remission, n = 16, 21.4 ± 16.2%; P < 0.0001). The arginase I level correlated with increased percent of CD14(+) HLA-DR(low/-) monocytes (P < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased CD14(+) monocytes with loss of HLA expression were seen in patients with higher stage disease, more aggressive pathology, and in relapse or refractoriness to treatment. Identifying therapeutic strategies to overcome the suppressive properties of these monocytes could be of value.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt.
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Khalifa
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Badawy
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Radwan
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Shehata
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bassuoni
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001119:Arginase / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015870:Gene Expression; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D012008:Recurrence
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; C574619:ARG1 protein, human; D001119:Arginase
keywords: CD14+ HLA-DRlow/− monocytes; Lymphoma; relapse/refractory