title: Biologics, cardiovascular effects and cancer.
abstract: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Treatment with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-inhibitors leads to about a 50% reduction in the first cardiovascular event. TNF-inhibitors could transiently improve flow-mediated vasodilation and improve carotid intima-media thickness (ccIMT) during the treatment of RA. Treatment with TNF-inhibitors is associated with an increased total cholesterol (TC) and HDL-cholesterol (HDLc) level, without sustained change of the atherogenic index. The overall cancer risk in RA patients is comparable to that of the general population, but patients with RA slightly more often have lymphomas and lung tumors, and less often have colorectal and breast tumors in comparison to the general population. In randomized controlled trials (RCT) TNF-inhibitors did not increase the risk of solid malignancies, except for non-melanoma skin cancer (risk doubled compared to control treatment). Meta-analysis of registries and long-term extension studies showed no increased risk for total malignancies as well as for non-melanoma skin cancer when comparing TNF-inhibitors and the classical disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) treatment.
authors.affiliation: Belgrade University School of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia. nemanjadamjanov@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Nemanja
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Damjanov
authors.forename: Michael T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Nurmohamed
authors.forename: Zoltán
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Szekanecz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D001688:Biological Products / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D001688:Biological Products; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha