title: Proresolving lipid mediators and mechanisms in the resolution of acute inflammation.
abstract: Inflammatory responses, like all biological cascades, are shaped by a delicate balance between positive and negative feedback loops. It is now clear that in addition to positive and negative checkpoints, the inflammatory cascade rather unexpectedly boasts an additional checkpoint, a family of chemicals that actively promote resolution and tissue repair without compromising host defense. Indeed, the resolution phase of inflammation is just as actively orchestrated and carefully choreographed as its induction and inhibition. In this review, we explore the immunological consequences of omega-3-derived specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs) and discuss their place within what is currently understood of the role of the arachidonic acid-derived prostaglandins, lipoxins, and their natural C15-epimers. We propose that treatment of inflammation should not be restricted to the use of inhibitors of the acute cascade (antagonism) but broadened to take account of the enormous therapeutic potential of inducers (agonists) of the resolution phase of inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Research Group, Center for Translational Inflammation Research, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham B15 2WD, UK.
authors.forename: Christopher D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Buckley
authors.affiliation: Centre for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Division of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6JJ, UK.
authors.forename: Derek W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Gilroy
authors.affiliation: Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Electronic address: cnserhan@zeus.bwh.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Charles N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Serhan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D015289:Leukotrienes / Q000378:metabolism; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D044045:Lipoxins / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D011453:Prostaglandins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D015289:Leukotrienes; D044045:Lipoxins; D011453:Prostaglandins; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids