title: Neurochemical measurement of adenosine in discrete brain regions of five strains of inbred mice.
abstract: Adenosine (ADO), a non-classical neurotransmitter and neuromodulator, and its metabolites adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP), have been shown to play an important role in a number of biochemical processes. Although their signaling is well described, it has been difficult to directly, accurately and simultaneously quantitate these purines in tissue or fluids. Here, we describe a novel method for measuring adenosine (ADO) and its metabolites using high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD). Using this chromatographic technique, we examined baseline levels of ADO and ATP, ADP and AMP in 6 different brain regions of the C57BL/6J mouse: stratum, cortex, hippocampus, olfactory bulb, substantia nigra and cerebellum and compared ADO levels in 5 different strains of mice (C57BL/6J, Swiss-Webster, FVB/NJ, 129P/J, and BALB/c). These studies demonstrate that baseline levels of purines vary significantly among the brain regions as well as between different mouse strains. These dissimilarities in purine concentrations may explain the variable phenotypes among background strains described in neurological disease models.
authors.affiliation: Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America.
authors.forename: Amar K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Pani
authors.affiliation: Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America.
authors.forename: Kenneth J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Sample
authors.affiliation: Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America.
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Smeyne
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D000249:Adenosine Monophosphate / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000592:standards; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000592:standards; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D057507:Mice, 129 Strain; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D009928:Organ Specificity; D012015:Reference Standards
chemical_list: D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D000249:Adenosine Monophosphate; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D000241:Adenosine