title: Topical application of imiquimod as a treatment for chromoblastomycosis.
abstract: Chromoblastomycosis is a subcutaneous mycosis that remains a therapeutic challenge, with no standard treatment and high rates of relapse. On the basis of our recent discoveries in mouse models, we tested the efficacy of topical applications of imiquimod to treat patients afflicted with this chronic fungal infection. We report results of treatment for the first 4 recipients of topical imiquimod, all of whom displayed a marked improvement of their lesions, both with and without concurrent oral antifungal therapy.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Medical Investigation Unit 53, Division of Clinical Dermatology Laboratory of Medical Mycology, Tropical Medicine Institute.
authors.forename: Maria da Glória Teixeira
authors.initials: Mda G
authors.lastname: de Sousa
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Dermatology, Clinics Hospital, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Belda
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Dermatology, Clinics Hospital, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Spina
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Dermatology, Clinics Hospital, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Priscila Ramos
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Lota
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Dermatology, Clinics Hospital, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Neusa Sakai
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Valente
authors.affiliation: Aberdeen Fungal Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Gordon D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Dermatology, Clinics Hospital, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paulo Ricardo
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Criado
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Medical Investigation Unit 53, Division of Clinical Dermatology Laboratory of Medical Mycology, Tropical Medicine Institute.
authors.forename: Gil
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Benard
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000368:Aged; D000634:Aminoquinolines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001203:Ascomycota; D002862:Chromoblastomycosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D000077271:Imiquimod; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000634:Aminoquinolines; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D000077271:Imiquimod
keywords: Fonsecaea pedrosoi; Imiquimod; antifungal treatment; chromoblastomycosis; innate immunity