title: Antifouling and Fungicidal Resorcylic Acid Lactones from the Sea Anemone-Derived Fungus Cochliobolus lunatus.
abstract: Three new 14-membered resorcylic acid lactones, cochliomycins D-F, 1-3, and eight known analogues, 4-11, were isolated from the sea anemone-derived fungus Cochliobolus lunatus. Compounds 1-4 are diastereomers differing from each other by the absolute configurations of the 4',5'-diol chiral centers. The absolute configurations of 1-4 were established by the CD exciton chirality method and TDDFT ECD calculations. In antifouling assays, 1, 3-6, and 6a exhibited potent antifouling activities against the larval settlement of the barnacle Balanus amphitrite at nontoxic concentrations, with EC50values ranging from 1.82 to 22.5 μg/mL. Noticeably, fungicide whole-plant assays indicated that 6 showed excellent activity on the Plasmopara viticola preventative test at 6 ppm and concentration-dependent activity on the Phytophthora infestans preventative application at 200, 60, and 20 ppm. Preliminary structure-activity relationships are also discussed.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qing-Ai
authors.initials: QA
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chang-Lun
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.affiliation: Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Syngenta , Bracknell, Berkshire, RG42 6EY, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Yu-Cheng
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Syngenta , Bracknell, Berkshire, RG42 6EY, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Mathias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blum
authors.affiliation: Institute of Modern Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Li-She
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Gan
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Kai-Ling
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chang-Yun
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Wang
keywords: Cochliobolus lunatus; antifouling activity; fungicidal activity; resorcylic acid lactone; whole-plant assay