title: Expression of hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor-1 (HAI-1) gene in prostate cancer: clinical and biological significance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor type-1 (HAI-1) is an integral-membrane proteinase inhibitor. Some studies have shown that HAI-1 as a matriptase inhibitor that plays a significant role in regulating cancer progression and metastasis. In this study, we attempted to clarify whether the levels of HAI-1 could be a useful marker in patients with prostate cancer (Pca).
  
  
  METHODS
  HAI-1 protein was evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and HAI-1 mRNA was evaluated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in 48 patients with Pca and 20 patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). The association between HAI-1 and clinicopathological features and survival were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A high level of HAI-1 protein and mRNA expression was detected in BPH compared to Pca specimens. The HAI-1 expression inversely correlated with Gleason score and pathological stage (p<0.05). It was significantly stronger in N0M0 tumors than in N+ or M+ tumors (p<0.05). Furthermore, low HAI-1 expression was a significant predictor for poor prognosis when compared with high HAI-1 expression (disease-free survival/DFS rate, p=0.0487; overall survival/ OS rate; p=0.0492).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the present study identified HAI-1 as a favorable prognostic marker for Pca and may indicate that HAI-1 could be a therapeutic target for the treatment of this malignancy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shanghai Pundong New Area Gongli Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Chuanyi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Guozeng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jingcun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Jiawei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D053491:Proteinase Inhibitory Proteins, Secretory / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D053491:Proteinase Inhibitory Proteins, Secretory; C109149:SPINT1 protein, human