title: Separation of suspensions and emulsions via ultrasonic standing waves - a review.
abstract: Ultrasonic standing waves (USW) separation is an established technology for micro scale applications due to the excellent control to manipulate particles acoustically achieved when combining high frequency ultrasound with laminar flow in microchannels, allowing the development of numerous applications. Larger scale systems (pilot to industrial) are emerging; however, scaling up such processes are technologically very challenging. This paper reviews the physical principles that govern acoustic particle/droplet separation and the mathematical modeling techniques developed to understand, predict, and design acoustic separation processes. A further focus in this review is on acoustic streaming, which represents one of the major challenges in scaling up USW separation processes. The manuscript concludes by providing a brief overview of the state of the art of the technology applied in large scale systems with potential applications in the dairy and oil industries.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. Electronic address: francisco.trujillo@unsw.edu.au.
authors.forename: Francisco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Trujillo
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia.
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Juliano
authors.affiliation: Center for Nonthermal Processing of Food, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6120, USA.
authors.forename: Gustavo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Barbosa-Cánovas
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Knoerzer
mesh_terms: D004655:Emulsions / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D013010:Sonication / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D013535:Suspensions / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014159:Transducers
chemical_list: D004655:Emulsions; D013535:Suspensions
keywords: Emulsion splitting; High frequency; Micro-fluidics; Review; Separation; Ultrasonic standing wave