title: Impact of single and multiple sets of resistance exercise in type 1 diabetes.
abstract: To examine glycemic and glucoregulatory responses to resistance exercise (RE) sessions of different volume in type 1 diabetes (T1DM). Eight T1DM (seven males: one female; age: 38 ± 6 years, HbA1C : 8.7 ± 1.0%/71 ± 11 mmol/mol) attended the research facility fasted and on four separate occasions, having taken their usual basal insulin, but omitted morning rapid-acting insulin. Participants completed a 1SET (14 min), 2SET (28 min), 3SET (42 min) RE session (eight exercises × 10 repetitions) at 67 ± 3% one-repetition-maximum followed by 60-min recovery, or a resting trial (CON). Venous blood samples were taken before and after exercise. Data (mean ± SEM) were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance (P ≤ 0.05). RE did not induce hypoglycemia (BG < 4 mmol/L). During recovery, blood glucose (BG) concentrations remained above pre-exercise after 1SET (15-60 min, P < 0.05) and 2SET (0-60 min, P < 0.05) but comparable (P > 0.05) with pre-exercise after 3SET. BGIAUC(area-under-curve) (mmol/L/60 min) was greater after 1SET and 2SET vs CON (1SET 103.6 ± 36.9 and 2SET 128.7 ± 26.1 vs CON -24.3 ± 15.2, P < 0.05), but similar between 3SET and CON (3SET 40.7 ± 59.3, P > 0.05). Under all trials, plasma creatine kinase levels at 24 h post-exercise were similar (P > 0.05) to pre-exercise. RE does not induce acute hypoglycemia or damage muscle. BG progressively rose after one and two sets of RE. However, inclusion of a third set attenuated exercise-induced hyperglycemia and returned BG to that of a non-exercise trial.
authors.affiliation: Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine Research Centre, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK; Diabetes Research Group, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Luzio
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dunseath
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Rees
authors.forename: L P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Kilduff
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: West
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Bain
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Bracken
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000097:blood; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D000069036:Insulin Glargine; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004837:Epinephrine; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D019382:Human Growth Hormone; D006854:Hydrocortisone; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D000069036:Insulin Glargine; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting; D009638:Norepinephrine; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human
keywords: Glycemia; glucoregulatory; insulin; metabolism; muscle damage; strength exercise