title: A novel sodium N-fatty acyl amino acid surfactant using silkworm pupae as stock material.
abstract: A novel sodium N-fatty acyl amino acid (SFAAA) surfactant was synthesized using pupa oil and pupa protein hydrolysates (PPH) from a waste product of the silk industry. The aliphatic acids from pupa oil were modified into N-fatty acyl chlorides by thionyl chloride (SOCl2). SFAAA was synthesized using acyl chlorides and PPH. GC-MS analysis showed fatty acids from pupa oil consist mainly of unsaturated linolenic and linoleic acids and saturated palmitic and stearic acids. SFAAA had a low critical micelle concentration, great efficiency in lowering surface tension and strong adsorption at an air/water interface. SFAAA had a high emulsifying power, as well as a high foaming power. The emulsifying power of PPH and SFAAA in an oil/water emulsion was better with ethyl acetate as the oil phase compared to n-hexane. The environment-friendly surfactant made entirely from silkworm pupae could promote sustainable development of the silk industry.
authors.affiliation: Silk Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University; Suzhou 215123; P R China.
authors.forename: Min-Hui
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Silk Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University; Suzhou 215123; P R China.
authors.forename: Liang-Ze
authors.initials: LZ
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.affiliation: Silk Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University; Suzhou 215123; P R China.
authors.forename: Yu-Qing
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000818:Animals; D012831:Bombyx / Q000737:chemistry*; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D055772:Green Chemistry Technology; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D019787:Linoleic Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008823:Micelles; D019308:Palmitic Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011492:Protein Hydrolysates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011679:Pupa / Q000737:chemistry*; D047011:Silk / Q000096:biosynthesis; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013229:Stearic Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013461:Sulfur Oxides / Q000737:chemistry; D013500:Surface Tension; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014866:Waste Products; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D019476:Insect Proteins; D008823:Micelles; D011492:Protein Hydrolysates; D047011:Silk; D013229:Stearic Acids; D013461:Sulfur Oxides; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D014866:Waste Products; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid; D019308:Palmitic Acid; C023589:thionyl chloride; C031183:stearic acid; D019787:Linoleic Acid