title: Comparison of coagulation and MIEX pre-treatment processes for bacterial and turbidity removal, utilizing real-time optical monitoring techniques.
abstract: Jar testing and flow cytometry were used in conjunction with photometric dispersion analysis (PDA) to assess conventional alum coagulation with and without magnetic ion exchange (MIEX) pre-treatment for turbidity and bacterial removal capacity. Treatment assessment included powdered activated carbon (PAC) and pre-chlorination of the MIEX-treated raw water. Floc particles were subjected to shear forces after settling and re-suspended to gauge bacterial release potential, floc breakage and re-aggregation. MIEX in conjunction with alum coagulation achieved improved coagulation as measured by PDA but did not increase bacterial log removal value (LRV) in comparison with conventional coagulation. Pre-chlorination and PAC addition were seen to improve bacterial removal and coagulation, respectively, but were less effective for bacterial LRVs when they were used in conjunction during coagulation.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Braun
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cruaux
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fabris
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Morran
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Drikas
mesh_terms: D000534:Alum Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry; D002713:Chlorine / Q000737:chemistry; D005427:Flocculation; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D007474:Ion Exchange; D008280:Magnetics; D009391:Nephelometry and Turbidimetry / Q000379:methods; D055095:Optics and Photonics / Q000379:methods; D010783:Photometry; D033081:Shear Strength; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D014871:Water Microbiology; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000534:Alum Compounds; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C041524:aluminum sulfate; D002713:Chlorine; D002244:Carbon