title: Phenolic content and ferric reducing-antioxidant power of cow's milk produced in different pasture-based production systems in southern Brazil.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Phenolic compounds are widely present in forage. However, few studies have been carried out to investigate the presence of these compounds in animal products such as milk. In this study, the total phenolic content (TPC) and ferric reducing-antioxidant power (FRAP) of milk produced under agroecological and conventional management systems in southern Brazil were determined. Three systems were compared: (a) agroecological, with intensive rotational grazing, also known as Voisin grazing (ECO); (b) semi-intensive conventional (SIC); and (c) conventional grazing (CGR) (n = 8 per group). Pastures with distinct and more diverse botanical composition were observed on the ECO farms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significantly (P < 0.05) lower amounts of TPC were found in agroecologically produced milk in autumn and summer and the CGR system showed the highest FRAP value (P < 0.05) for the samples collected in autumn. Positive correlations where found between the TPC and FRAP values obtained for the milk samples (0.198, P < 0.05), milk FRAP and forage TPC values (0.344, P < 0.05), and the TPC and FRAP values obtained for the forage (0.70, p < 0.01). PCA applied to the UV spectra dataset (200-350 nm) clearly distinguished the samples collected from the ECO system in the winter.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results revealed that, under the conditions prevalent in southern Brazil, since the cows were allowed to graze in all of the systems, the TPC and antioxidant capacity of the milk samples showed minimal variation. However, since the forage TPC and FRAP values for the milk were correlated, TPC appears to be a promising variable for the purpose of monitoring forage prior to its selection aimed at enhancing the antioxidant activity of milk.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Bioquímica e Morfofisiologia Animal, CCA, Departmento de Zootecnia e Desenvolvimento Rural, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88034-001, Brazil.
authors.forename: Shirley
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuhnen
authors.forename: Juliana R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Moacyr
authors.forename: Jaqueline K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: Bruno B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Navarro
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Trevisan
authors.forename: Luciana A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Honorato
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maraschin
authors.forename: Luiz C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Pinheiro Machado Filho
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry*; D001938:Brazil; D002417:Cattle; D003612:Dairying / Q000379:methods; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis*; D012621:Seasons
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D010636:Phenols
keywords: agroecological milk; antioxidant activity; phenolic compounds; sustainable livestock