title: Resveratrol protects chondrocytes from apoptosis via altering the ultrastructural and biomechanical properties: an AFM study.
abstract: Osteoarthritis (OA), a degenerative joint disease with high prevalence among older people, occurs from molecular or nanometer level and extends gradually to higher degrees of the ultrastructure of cartilage, finally resulting in irreversible structural and functional damages. This report aims to use atomic force microscopy (AFM) to investigate the protective effects of resveratrol (RV), a drug with good anti-inflammatory properties, on cellular morphology, membrane architecture, cytoskeleton, cell surface adhesion and stiffness at nanometer level in sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-induced apoptotic chondrocytes, a typical cellular OA model. CCK-8 assay showed that 100 μM RV significantly prevented SNP-induced cytotoxicity. AFM imaging and quantitative analysis showed that SNP potently induced chondrocytes changes including shrunk, round, lamellipodia contraction and decrease in adherent junctions among cells, as well as the destruction of biomechanics: 90% decrease in elasticity and 30% decrease in adhesion. In addition, confocal imaging analysis showed that SNP induced aggregation of the cytoskeleton and decrease in the expression of cytoskeletal proteins. More importantly, these SNP-induced damages to chondrocytes could be potently prevented by RV pretreatment. Interestingly, the biomechanical changes occurred before morphological changes could be clearly observed during SNP-induced apoptosis, indicating that the biomechanics of cellular membrane may be a more robust indicator of cell function. Collectively, our data demonstrate that RV prevents SNP-induced apoptosis of chondrocytes by regulating actin organization, and that AFM-based technology can be developed into a powerful and sensitive method to study the interaction mechanisms between chondrocytes and drugs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pain Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pain Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Tongsheng
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pain Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena / Q000187:drug effects*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000494:pharmacology; D011817:Rabbits; D000077185:Resveratrol; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014404:Tubulin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D013267:Stilbenes; D014404:Tubulin; D009599:Nitroprusside; D000077185:Resveratrol