title: An evidence-based prehospital guideline for external hemorrhage control: American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma.
abstract: This report describes the development of an evidence-based guideline for external hemorrhage control in the prehospital setting. This project included a systematic review of the literature regarding the use of tourniquets and hemostatic agents for management of life-threatening extremity and junctional hemorrhage. Using the GRADE methodology to define the key clinical questions, an expert panel then reviewed the results of the literature review, established the quality of the evidence and made recommendations for EMS care. A clinical care guideline is proposed for adoption by EMS systems. Key words: tourniquet; hemostatic agents; external hemorrhage.
authors.forename: Eileen M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Bulger
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Snyder
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schoelles
authors.forename: Cathy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gotschall
authors.forename: Drew
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dawson
authors.forename: Eddy
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: Nels D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Sanddal
authors.forename: Frank K
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fallat
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Taillac
authors.forename: Lynn
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Jeffrey P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Salomone
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Seifarth
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Betzner
authors.forename: Jay
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Johannigman
authors.forename: Norman
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: McSwain
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine / Q000592:standards*; D005121:Extremities / Q000293:injuries; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D006490:Hemostatics / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D023821:Limb Salvage / Q000379:methods; D008887:Military Medicine / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D012769:Shock / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy; D014111:Tourniquets / Q000592:standards*; D014481:United States; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D006490:Hemostatics