title: Electronic cigarette use outcome expectancies among college students.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  E-cigarette use outcome expectancies and their relationships with demographic and e-cigarette use variables are not well understood. Based on past cigarette as well as e-cigarette use research, we generated self-report items to assess e-cigarette outcome expectancies among college students. The objective was to determine different dimensions of e-cigarette use expectancies and their associations with e-cigarette use and use susceptibility.
  
  
  METHODS
  Self-report data were collected from 307 multiethnic 4- and 2-year college students [M age=23.5 (SD=5.5); 65% Female; 35% current cigarette smokers] in Hawaii. Data analyses were conducted by using factor and regression analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exploratory factor analysis among e-cigarette ever-users indicated 7 factors: 3 positive expectancy factors (social enhancement, affect regulation, positive sensory experience) and 4 negative expectancy factors (negative health consequences, addiction concern, negative appearance, negative sensory experience). Confirmatory factor analysis among e-cigarette never-users indicated that the 7-factor model fitted reasonably well to the data. Being a current cigarette smoker was positively associated with positive expectancies and inversely with negative expectancies. Higher positive expectancies were significantly associated with greater likelihood of past-30-day e-cigarette use. Except addiction concern, higher negative expectancies were significantly associated with lower likelihood of past-30-day e-cigarette use. Among e-cigarette never-users, positive expectancy variables were significantly associated with higher intentions to use e-cigarettes in the future, adjusting for current smoker status and demographic variables.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  E-cigarette use expectancies determined in this study appear to predict e-cigarette use and use susceptibility among young adults and thus have important implications for future research.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Illalo St., Honolulu, HI 96822, United States. Electronic address: ppokhrel@cc.hawaii.edu.
authors.forename: Pallav
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pokhrel
authors.affiliation: Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Illalo St., Honolulu, HI 96822, United States.
authors.forename: Melissa A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Little
authors.affiliation: Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Illalo St., Honolulu, HI 96822, United States.
authors.forename: Pebbles
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fagan
authors.affiliation: Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Illalo St., Honolulu, HI 96822, United States.
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Muranaka
authors.affiliation: Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Illalo St., Honolulu, HI 96822, United States.
authors.forename: Thaddeus A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Herzog
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001294:Attitude to Health; D066300:Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems / Q000523:psychology*; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006254:Hawaii; D006801:Humans; D033182:Intention; D008297:Male; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D057566:Self Report; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Electronic cigarettes; Outcome expectancies; Young adults