title: A cross sectional pilot study on assessing the knowledge, attitude and behavior of community pharmacists to adverse drug reaction related aspects in the Sultanate of Oman.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Adverse drug reaction (ADR) monitoring and reporting requires a multidisciplinary approach and pharmacists have a major role to play in it. The present pilot study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude and behavior of community pharmacists to ADR related aspects in the Sultanate of Oman.
  
  
  METHODS
  A self-administered questionnaire comprising of 21 questions were distributed to a random sample of pharmacists in two Governorates in the Sultanate of Oman. It assessed the knowledge of pharmacists on some of the selected basic aspects of drug safety. Further, the knowledge and attitude of community pharmacists toward ADR reporting and their behavior on ADR related aspects were assessed. A scoring scheme was used to estimate the median total score of participants for various parameters. Obtained scores were correlated with the demographics of the respondents.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 107 community pharmacists participated in the survey giving a response rate of 72.3%. The responses of the pharmacists to the questions on the drug safety of individual drugs were incorrect for some important and practical questions. Consequently, total median score corresponding to these questions was 5 (Inter Quartile Range, IQR 2) out of a possible maximum score of 9, which was below the acceptable score. Total median score based on knowledge, attitude and behavior was 38 (IQR 8) out of a possible maximum of 50 which shows a moderate score. Lack of awareness on how to report an ADR and concern that the report may be wrong were the most common factors discouraging pharmacists from reporting ADRs. Qualification as well as years of experience were the only demographic parameters which had an influence on the score obtained by the pharmacists.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Even though the pharmacists had an acceptable knowledge, attitude and behavior on ADR reporting and related aspects, a good number of them had below than acceptable knowledge on drug safety related aspects of specific drugs. Educational programs have to be continued to generate awareness on how to report ADR and stimulate pharmacists' more active participation in the pharmacovigilance program. There is a genuine need to have training programs to improve the knowledge of pharmacists on ADR related aspects which are of benefit on a daily basis which could greatly have an impact on patient safety.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Nizwa, P.B No 33, PO 616, Birkat Al Mouz, Nizwa, Oman.
authors.forename: Jimmy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jose
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Nizwa, P.B No 33, PO 616, Birkat Al Mouz, Nizwa, Oman.
authors.forename: Beena
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jimmy
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Nizwa, P.B No 33, PO 616, Birkat Al Mouz, Nizwa, Oman.
authors.forename: Aliya Said Hamed
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Al-Ghailani
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Nizwa, P.B No 33, PO 616, Birkat Al Mouz, Nizwa, Oman.
authors.forename: Maryam Abdullah
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Al Majali
keywords: Adverse drug reactions; Attitude; Behavior; Community pharmacists; Knowledge; Oman