title: Lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis in abdominal aortic aneurysm.
abstract: The pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is characterized to be inflammation-associated degeneration of vascular wall. Neovascularization is regularly found in human AAA and considered to play critical roles in the development and rupture of AAA. However, little is known about lymphangiogenesis in AAA. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate both angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in AAA. Abdominal aortic tissue was harvested either from autopsy (control group) and during open-repair surgery for AAA (AAA group). Adventitial lymphatic vasa vasorum was observed in both groups, but seemed to be no significant morphological changes in AAA. Immunohistochemical studies identified infiltration of lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor (LYVE) -1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9-positive macrophages and podoplanin and Prox-1-positive microvessels in the intima/media in AAA wall, where hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF)-1α was expressed. VEGF-C and MMP-9 were not expressed in macrophages infiltrating in the adventitia. Intraoperative indocyanine green fluorescence lymphography revealed lymph stasis in intima/medial in AAA. Fluorescence microscopy of the collected samples also confirmed the accumulation of lymph in the intima/media but not in adventitia. These results demonstrate that infiltration of macrophages in intima/media is associated with lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis in AAA. Lymph-drainage appeared to be insufficient in the AAA wall.
authors.affiliation: Division of Vascular Surgery, Applied Medical Photonics Laboratory, Medical Photonics Research Center, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka, Japan; Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sano
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Applied Medical Photonics Laboratory, Medical Photonics Research Center, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Applied Medical Photonics Laboratory, Medical Photonics Research Center, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hirakawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Applied Medical Photonics Laboratory, Medical Photonics Research Center, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sakabe
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Imaging, Applied Medical Photonics Laboratory, Medical Photonics Research Center, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Mikako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baba
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan; Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Kinki University, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuhiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zaima
authors.affiliation: Division of Vascular Surgery, Applied Medical Photonics Laboratory, Medical Photonics Research Center, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka, Japan; Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Division of Vascular Surgery, Applied Medical Photonics Laboratory, Medical Photonics Research Center, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka, Japan; Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inuzuka
authors.affiliation: Division of Vascular Surgery, Applied Medical Photonics Laboratory, Medical Photonics Research Center, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka, Japan; Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsutoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Setou
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Applied Medical Photonics Laboratory, Medical Photonics Research Center, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Kohji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Konno
authors.affiliation: Division of Vascular Surgery, Applied Medical Photonics Laboratory, Medical Photonics Research Center, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka, Japan; Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Unno
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017544:Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002465:Cell Movement; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D042583:Lymphangiogenesis; D042601:Lymphatic Vessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008220:Lymphography; D008297:Male; D055806:Microvessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: C497442:HIF1A protein, human; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit