title: Morphine increases hippocampal viral load and suppresses frontal lobe CCL5 expression in the LP-BM5 AIDS model.
abstract: Chronic opiate abuse accelerates the development of cognitive deficits in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 patients. To investigate morphine's effects on viral infection of the central nervous system, we applied chronic morphine treatment to the LP-BM5 murine acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (MAIDS) model. LP-BM5 infection induces proinflammatory cytokine/chemokine production, correlating to increased blood-brain barrier permeability. Morphine treatment significantly increased LP-BM5 viral load in the hippocampus, but not in the frontal lobe. Morphine reduced the chemokine CCL5 to non-infected levels in the frontal lobe, but not in the hippocampus. These data indicate a region-specific mechanism for morphine's effects on virally-induced neurocognitive deficits.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04473, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of New England, Biddeford, ME 04005, USA; Center for Excellence in the Neurosciences, University of New England, Biddeford, ME 04005, USA. Electronic address: vdmclane@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Virginia D
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: McLane
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of New England, Biddeford, ME 04005, USA; Center for Excellence in the Neurosciences, University of New England, Biddeford, ME 04005, USA.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of New England, Biddeford, ME 04005, USA; Center for Excellence in the Neurosciences, University of New England, Biddeford, ME 04005, USA.
authors.forename: Colin L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Willis
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D018946:Chemokine CCL5 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009020:Morphine / Q000633:toxicity*; D016183:Murine Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism*; D019562:Viral Load / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: C503460:Ccl5 protein, mouse; D018946:Chemokine CCL5; D009020:Morphine
keywords: Blood–brain barrier; Claudin-5; Cytokines; HIV encephalitis; Neuroinflammation; Opiate abuse