title: Inhibitory effect of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) flower on lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of proinflammatory mediators in RAW264.7 cells through NF-κB, ERK, and JAK2/STAT3 inactivation.
abstract: Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) flower ethanolic extract (LFEE) was found to contain five flavanoids [total amount, 102.73 ± 5.50 mg/g of dried extract (gDE)], nine phenolic acids (total amount, 60.31 ± 4.52 mg/gDE), and proanthocyanidin A2 (79.31 ± 2.95 mg/gDE). LFEE was used to evaluate the inhibitory effects on lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced pro-inflammatory mediators in RAW264.7 cells. The results showed that LFEE treatment could suppress the expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), the productions of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and the secretions of pro-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)] in the LPS-mediated RAW264.7 cells. The attenuation of LPS-induced inflammatory responses by LFEE was found to be closely related to the inhibition of the translocation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) p50/p65 subunits correlated with suppression of the activation of the inhibitor of κB kinase (IKK) α/β and downregulation of activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3).
authors.affiliation: School of Health Diet and Industry Management, Chung Shan Medical University , and Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital , 110, Section 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Deng-Jye
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Yuan-Yen
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Hui-Wen
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Yi-Chen
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Shih-Han
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Jau-Tien
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D035264:Flowers / Q000737:chemistry; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000276:immunology; D053614:Janus Kinase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000009:adverse effects; D032125:Litchi / Q000737:chemistry*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010936:Plant Extracts; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; C507926:Jak2 protein, mouse; D053614:Janus Kinase 2; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases