title: Omics technologies and their applications to evaluate metal toxicity in mice M. spretus as a bioindicator.
abstract: Metals are important components of living organisms since many biological functions critically depend on their interaction with some metal in the cell. However, human activities have increased toxic metal levels in the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems affecting living organisms. The impact of metals on cellular metabolism and global homeostasis has been traditionally assessed in free-living organisms by using conventional biomarkers; however, to obtain a global vision of metal toxicity mechanisms and the responses that metals elicit in the organisms, new analytical methodologies are needed. We review the use of omics approaches to assess the response of living organisms under metal stress illustrating the possibilities of different methodologies on the basis of our previous results. Most of this research has been based on free-living mice Mus spretus, a conventional bioindicator used to monitor metal pollution in Doñana National Park (DNP) (SW Spain), which is an important European biological reserve for migrating birds affected by agricultural, mining and industrial activities. The benefits of using omic techniques such as heterologous microarrays, proteomics methodologies (2-DE, iTRAQ®), metallomics, ionomics or metabolomics has been remarked; however, the complexity of these areas requires the integration of omics to achieve a comprehensive assessment of their environmental status. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Environmental and structural proteomics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This work presents new contributions in the study of environmental metal pollution in terrestrial ecosystems using Mus spretus mice as bioindicator in Doñana National Park (SW Spain) and surroundings. In addition, it has been demonstrated that the integration of omics multi-analytical approaches provides a very suitable approach for the study of the biological response and metal interactions in exposed and free-living mice (Mus musculus and Mus spretus, respectively) under metal pollution.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Faculty of Experimental Science, University of Huelva, Campus de El Carmen, 21007 Huelva, Spain; International Agrofood Campus of Excellence International ceiA3, University of Huelva, Spain; Research Center of Health and Environment (CYSMA), University of Huelva, Campus de El Carmen, 21007 Huelva, Spain.
authors.forename: Miguel Ángel
authors.initials: MÁ
authors.lastname: García-Sevillano
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Faculty of Experimental Science, University of Huelva, Campus de El Carmen, 21007 Huelva, Spain; International Agrofood Campus of Excellence International ceiA3, University of Huelva, Spain; Research Center of Health and Environment (CYSMA), University of Huelva, Campus de El Carmen, 21007 Huelva, Spain.
authors.forename: Tamara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: García-Barrera
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Severo Ochoa Building, University of Córdoba, Rabanales Campus, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
authors.forename: Nieves
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Abril
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Severo Ochoa Building, University of Córdoba, Rabanales Campus, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pueyo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Severo Ochoa Building, University of Córdoba, Rabanales Campus, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: López-Barea
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Faculty of Experimental Science, University of Huelva, Campus de El Carmen, 21007 Huelva, Spain; International Agrofood Campus of Excellence International ceiA3, University of Huelva, Spain; Research Center of Health and Environment (CYSMA), University of Huelva, Campus de El Carmen, 21007 Huelva, Spain. Electronic address: ariza@uhu.es.
authors.forename: José Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Gómez-Ariza
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay / Q000379:methods*; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000639:trends; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D055442:Metabolome / Q000187:drug effects*; D008670:Metals / Q000633:toxicity*; D051379:Mice; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests / Q000379:methods*; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*; D013045:Species Specificity; D059467:Transcriptome / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D008670:Metals
keywords: Doñana National Park; Environmental genomics; Environmental metabolomics; Environmental metallomics; Environmental proteomics; Environmental transcriptomics; M. spretus