title: Evaluation of 0.6% sodium alginate as a submucosal injection material in endoscopic submucosal dissection for early gastric cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We have focused on sodium alginate (SA) solution as a potential submucosal injection material for endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). A previous SA solution had high viscosity and problems such as difficult handling. After its properties were adjusted, SA solution was examined in vitro and its clinical safety was evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  With 0.4% sodium hyaluronate (SH) solution as a control, catheter injectability and mucosa-elevating capacity of 0.3-0.8% SA solutions were evaluated. Next, 0.6% SA solution was used for ESD in 10 patients with early gastric cancer in a prospective clinical study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with 0.4% SH solution, 0.6% SA solution exhibited no significant difference in catheter injectability but significant superiority in mucosa-elevating capacity. In the clinical study, no adverse events were observed in any patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The safety of 0.6% SA solution as a submucosal injection material was confirmed and it is suggested that its efficacy should be investigated in a larger number of cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan.
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kusano
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Etoh
authors.forename: Tomonori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akagi
authors.forename: Yoshitake
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: Hidefumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shiroshita
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.forename: Masafumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inomata
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shiraishi
authors.forename: Seigo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kitano
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000464:Alginates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004210:Dissection / Q000379:methods*; D004337:Drug Carriers; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer; D005260:Female; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005773:Gastroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D013552:Swine; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D004337:Drug Carriers; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D020723:Glucuronic Acid
keywords: early gastric cancer; endoscopic submucosal dissection; endoscopic submucosal injection material; feasibility study; sodium alginate