title: Comparison between the effects of alfentanil, fentanyl and sufentanil on hemodynamic indices during rapid sequence intubation in the emergency department.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation lead to the alteration of hemodynamic parameters, including blood pressure and heart rate, in traumatic patients who sustain rapid sequence intubation (RSI). Various drugs such as fentanyl, alfentanil and sufentanil have been used to modify these hemodynamic responses.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study is to compare the effects of fentanyl, sufentanil and alfentanil in trauma patients who require RSI in the emergency department (ED).
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a randomized double-blinded study conducted on 90 patients (18-65 years old, ASA I, II), who needed intubation following trauma. The patients were randomly divided into three groups, Group I, Group II and Group III, who have received alfentanil, fentanyl and sufentanil, respectively. Heart rate, blood pressure, saturation of peripheral oxygen and end-tidal carbon dioxide were measured 5 minutes before and 3, 5 and 10 minutes after intubation, respectively. The changes of the hemodynamic parameters were compared in between groups. Data were analyzed by One-way ANOVA, General Linear Model Repeated Measure and Mauchly's Sphericity Test. A P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant statistical difference among groups with respect to hemodynamic parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alfentanil, fentanyl and sufentanil can be used safely as premedication drugs for trauma patients who need intubation.
authors.affiliation: Anesthesiology Research Team, Department of Anesthesiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahboob
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pouraghaei
authors.affiliation: Anesthesiology Research Team, Department of Anesthesiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Payman
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Moharamzadeh
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Soleimanpour
authors.affiliation: Anesthesiology Research Team, Department of Anesthesiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Farzad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rahmani
authors.affiliation: Anesthesiology and Critical Care Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Saeid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Safari
authors.affiliation: Anesthesiology and Critical Care Department, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Ata
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mahmoodpoor
authors.affiliation: Students Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Hanieh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ebrahimi Bakhtavar
authors.affiliation: Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Robab
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mehdizadeh Esfanjani
keywords: Alfentanil; Emergency Department; Fentanyl; Hemodynamic Indices; Intubation; Sufentanil