title: Involvement of peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1 in the inhibitory effect of fluvastatin on endothelin-1-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cardiac hypertrophy is elicited by endothelin (ET)-1 as well as other neurohumoral factors, hemodynamic overload, and oxidative stress; HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) were shown to inhibit cardiac hypertrophy partly via the anti-oxidative stress. One of their common intracellular pathways is the phosphorylation cascade of MEK signaling. Pin1 specifically isomerizes the phosphorylated protein with Ser/Thr-Pro bonds and regulates their activity through conformational changes. There is no report whether the Pin1 activation contributes to ET-1-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and whether the Pin1 inactivation contributes to the inhibitory effect of statins. The aim of this study was to reveal these questions.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed neonatal rat cardiomyocyte hypertrophy using ET-1 and fluvastatin by the cell surface area, ANP mRNA expression, JNK and c-Jun phosphorylation, and [(3)H]-leucine incorporation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fluvastatin inhibited ET-1-induced increase in the cell surface area, ANP expression, and [(3)H]-leucine incorporation; and it suppressed the signaling cascade from JNK to c-Jun. The phosphorylated Pin1 level, an inactive form, was decreased by ET-1; however, it reached basal level by fluvastatin. Furthermore, Pin1 overexpression clearly elicited cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, which was inhibited by fluvastatin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first report that ET-1-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy is mediated through the Pin1 activation and that the inhibitory effect of fluvastatin on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy would partly be attributed to the suppression of the Pin1 function. This study firstly suggests that Pin1 determines the size of hypertrophied cardiomyocyte by regulating the activity of phosphorylated molecules and that statins exert their pleiotropic effects partly via Pin1 inactivation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan. Electronic address: ssakai@md.tsukuba.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.affiliation: Division of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobutake
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shimojo
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
authors.forename: Taizo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tajiri
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidekazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maruyama
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Homma
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kuga
authors.affiliation: Division of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
authors.forename: Taro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mizutani
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazutaka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aonuma
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; Division of Life Science Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyauchi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D006332:Cardiomegaly / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity*; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077340:Fluvastatin; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000072340:NIMA-Interacting Peptidylprolyl Isomerase; D019696:Peptidylprolyl Isomerase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D019332:Endothelin-1; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D007211:Indoles; D000072340:NIMA-Interacting Peptidylprolyl Isomerase; D000077340:Fluvastatin; C000606846:PIN1 protein, human; D019696:Peptidylprolyl Isomerase
keywords: Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy; Endothelin-1; Pin1; Statin; c-Jun