title: Protein catabolism and high lipid metabolism associated with long-distance exercise are revealed by plasma NMR metabolomics in endurance horses.
abstract: During long distance endurance races, horses undergo high physiological and metabolic stresses. The adaptation processes involve the modulation of the energetic pathways in order to meet the energy demand. The aims were to evaluate the effects of long endurance exercise on the plasma metabolomic profiles and to investigate the relationships with the individual horse performances. The metabolomic profiles of the horses were analyzed using the non-dedicated methodology, NMR spectroscopy and statistical multivariate analysis. The advantage of this method is to investigate several metabolomic pathways at the same time in a single sample. The plasmas were obtained before exercise (BE) and post exercise (PE) from 69 horses competing in three endurance races at national level (130-160 km). Biochemical assays were also performed on the samples taken at PE. The proton NMR spectra were compared using the supervised orthogonal projection on latent structure method according to several factors. Among these factors, the race location was not significant whereas the effect of the race exercise (sample BE vs PE of same horse) was highly discriminating. This result was confirmed by the projection of unpaired samples (only BE or PE sample of different horses). The metabolomic profiles proved that protein, energetic and lipid metabolisms as well as glycoproteins content are highly affected by the long endurance exercise. The BE samples from finisher horses could be discriminated according to the racing speed based on their metabolomic lipid content. The PE samples could be discriminated according to the horse ranking position at the end of the race with lactate as unique correlated metabolite. As a conclusion, the metabolomic profiles of plasmas taken before and after the race provided a better understanding of the high energy demand and protein catabolism pathway that could expose the horses to metabolic disorders.
authors.affiliation: Unité de Biologie Intégrative et Adaptation à l'Exercice, Université d'Evry Val D'Essonne-Inserm, Evry, France.
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Le Moyec
authors.affiliation: Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, INRA, Jouy-en-Josas, France; Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Université Paris Est, Maisons-Alfort, France.
authors.forename: Céline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Robert
authors.affiliation: Chimie Structures Propriétés de Biomatériaux et d'Agents Thérapeutiques, Université Paris 13 Sorbonne Paris Cité-CNRS, Bobigny, France.
authors.forename: Mohamed N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Triba
authors.affiliation: Unité de Biologie Intégrative et Adaptation à l'Exercice, Université d'Evry Val D'Essonne-Inserm, Evry, France.
authors.forename: Véronique L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Billat
authors.affiliation: Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, INRA, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Mata
authors.affiliation: Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, INRA, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schibler
authors.affiliation: Unité de Biologie Intégrative et Adaptation à l'Exercice, Université d'Evry Val D'Essonne-Inserm, Evry, France; Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, INRA, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Barrey
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D006736:Horses / Q000378:metabolism*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D055432:Metabolomics; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D011506:Proteins