title: Enhancement of memories by systemic administration of insulin-like growth factor II.
abstract: To treat cognitive disorders in humans, new effective therapies that can be easily delivered systemically are needed. Previous studies showed that a bilateral injection of insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) into the dorsal hippocampus of rats or mice enhances fear memories and facilitates fear extinction. Here, we report that, in mice, systemic treatments with IGF-II given before training significantly enhance the retention and persistence of several types of working, short-term and long-term memories, including fear conditioning, object recognition, object placement, social recognition, and spatial reference memory. IGF-II-mediated memory enhancement does not alter memory flexibility or the ability for new learning and also occurs when IGF-II treatment is given in concert with memory retrieval. Thus IGF-II may represent a potentially important and effective treatment for enhancing human cognitive and executive functions.
authors.affiliation: 1] Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA [2] Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Sarah A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Stern
authors.affiliation: 1] Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA [2] Graduate Program in Psychology, University at Albany-SUNY, Albany, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Amy S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Kohtz
authors.affiliation: Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pollonini
authors.affiliation: Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Cristina M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Alberini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D003213:Conditioning, Psychological / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005239:Fear / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D017781:Genes, Immediate-Early / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007858:Learning / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D057567:Memory, Long-Term / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018697:Nootropic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017527:Receptor, IGF Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D021641:Recognition, Psychology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D012938:Social Perception; D065852:Spatial Memory / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D018697:Nootropic Agents; D017527:Receptor, IGF Type 2; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II