title: Retention and bandwidths prediction in fast gradient liquid chromatography. Part 2-Core-shell columns.
abstract: Recently, we confirmed that the well-established theory of gradient elution can be employed for prediction of retention in gradient elution from the isocratic data, method development and optimization in fast gradient chromatography employing short packed fully porous and monolithic columns and gradient times in between 1 and 2min, or even less. In the present work, we extended this study to short core-shell reversed-phase columns. We investigated the effects of the specification of the stationary phase in the core-shell structure on the prediction of gradient retention data. Two simple retention models describing the effects of the mobile phase on the retention by two-parameter equations yield comparable accuracy and can be used for prediction of elution times. The log-log model provides improved prediction of gradient bandwidths, especially for less retained compounds. A more sophisticated three-parameter model did not offer significant improvement of prediction. We compared the efficiency, selectivity and peak capacity of fast gradient separations of alkylbenzenes, phenolic acids and flavones on seven core shell columns with different lengths and chemistry of bonded shell stationary phase. Within the limits dictated by a fixed short separation time, appropriate adjustment of the range of the composition of mobile phase during gradient elution is the most efficient means to optimize the gradient separation. The gradient range affects sample bandwidths equally or even more significantly than the column length. Both 5-cm and 3-cm core-shell columns may provide comparable peak capacity in a fixed short gradient time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ-53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic. Electronic address: Pavel.Jandera@upce.cz.
authors.forename: Pavel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jandera
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ-53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Tomáš
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hájek
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ-53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Kateřina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vyňuchalová
mesh_terms: D056148:Chromatography, Reverse-Phase / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D047309:Flavones / Q000032:analysis; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis; D016062:Porosity
chemical_list: D047309:Flavones; D010636:Phenols
keywords: Core–shell columns; Flavones; Gradient peak capacity; Phenolic acids; Prediction of retention with fast gradients