title: Critical role of DNA methylation in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus: new advances and future challenges.
abstract: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic multi-organ autoimmune disease with different immunological characteristics and clinical manifestations characterized by an autoantibody response to nuclear and cytoplasmic antigens; the etiology of this disease remains largely unknown. Most recent genome-wide association studies demonstrate that genetics significantly predispose to SLE onset, but the incomplete disease concordance rates between monozygotic twins indicates a role for other complementary factors in SLE pathogenesis. Recently, much evidence strongly supports other molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of gene expression ultimately causing autoimmune disease, and several studies, both in clinical settings and experimental models, have demonstrated that epigenetic modifications may hold the key to a better understanding of SLE initiation and development. DNA methylation changes the structure of chromatin, being typically able to modulate the fine interactions between promoter-transcription factors and encoding genes within the transcription machinery. Alteration in DNA methylation has been confirmed as a major epigenetic mechanism that may potentially cause a breakdown of immune tolerance and perpetuation of SLE. Based on recent findings, DNA methylation treatments already being used in oncology may soon prove beneficial to patients with SLE. We herein discuss what we currently know, and what we expect in the future.
authors.affiliation: School of Food and Drug, Anhui Science and Technology University, Bengbu, China School of Pharmacy, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
authors.forename: C-G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Miao
authors.affiliation: School of Food and Drug, Anhui Science and Technology University, Bengbu, China.
authors.forename: J-T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
authors.forename: Y-Y
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: School of Food and Drug, Anhui Science and Technology University, Bengbu, China.
authors.forename: C-L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
authors.forename: X-W
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China fensheng1981@126.com.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D019175:DNA Methylation / Q000502:physiology; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000235:genetics*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics
keywords: DNA methylation; DNA methyltransferase; Systemic lupus erythematosus; autoimmune disease; microRNA