title: Temporal genetic structure of major dengue vector Aedes aegypti from Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
abstract: In recent years, high levels of Aedes aegypti infestation and several dengue outbreaks with fatal outcome cases have been reported in Manaus, State of Amazonas, Brazil. This situation made it important to understand the genetic structure and gene flow patterns among the populations of this vector in Manaus, vital pieces of information for their management and development of new control strategies. In this study, we used nine microsatellite loci to examine the effect of seasonality on the genetic structure and gene flow patterns in Ae. aegypti populations from four urban neighborhoods of Manaus, collected during the two main rainy and dry seasons. All loci were polymorphic in the eight samples from the two seasons, with a total of 41 alleles. The genetic structure analyses of the samples from the rainy season revealed genetic homogeneity and extensive gene flow, a result consistent with the abundance of breeding sites for this vector. However, the samples from the dry season were significantly structured, due to a reduction of Ne in two (Praça 14 de Janeiro and Cidade Nova) of the four samples analyzed, and this was the primary factor influencing structure during the dry season. Genetic bottleneck analyses suggested that the Ae. aegypti populations from Manaus are being maintained continuously throughout the year, with seasonal reduction rather than severe bottleneck or extinction, corroborating previous reports. These findings are of extremely great importance for designing new dengue control strategies in Manaus.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Conservação e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto Nacional Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus CEP 69.067-375, Amazonas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Barbara Alessandra Alves
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Mendonça
authors.affiliation: Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa CEP 58.051-900, Paraíba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adna Cristina Barbosa
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: de Sousa
authors.affiliation: Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas CEP 13.083-970, São Paulo, Brazil; Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas CEP 13.083-970, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Anete Pereira
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Conservação e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto Nacional Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus CEP 69.067-375, Amazonas, Brazil; Laboratório de Genética de Populações e Evolução de Mosquitos Vetores de Malária e Dengue, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus CEP 69.067-375, Amazonas, Brazil. Electronic address: vera@inpa.gov.br.
authors.forename: Vera Margarete
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Scarpassa
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*; D000818:Animals; D001938:Brazil; D003715:Dengue / Q000635:transmission*; D051456:Gene Flow; D040342:Genetic Structures; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D007303:Insect Vectors; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D012621:Seasons; D014505:Urban Population
keywords: Brazil; Dengue vector; Gene flow; Microsatellites; Molecular entomology; Population genetics