title: Urinary peptidomics identifies potential biomarkers for major depressive disorder.
abstract: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a debilitating psychiatric illness with no available objective laboratory-based diagnostic test. In this study, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS)-based peptidomics was applied to identify potential urinary diagnostic biomarkers for MDD. A training set of 42 first-episode drug-naive MDD patients and 28 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HC) was used to develop a peptide diagnostic pattern. Then, the diagnostic efficacy of this pattern was assessed in an independent blinded test set consisting of 24 MDD patients and 13 age- and gender-matched HC. A combination of five potential biomarkers was identified, yielding a sensitivity of 91.7% and specificity of 84.6% in the test set. Moreover, the protein precursors of four of the five peptides were identified by tandem mass spectrometric analysis: serum albumin, apolipoprotein A-I, protein AMBP, and basement membrane-specific heparan sulfate proteoglycan core protein. Taken together, the peptide pattern may be valuable for establishing an objective laboratory-based diagnostic test for MDD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Jianjun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Hong-Bo
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Jiaju
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Chanjuan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Bioyong (Beijing) Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Qingwei
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Bioyong (Beijing) Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China. Electronic address: xiepeng@cqmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Xie
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010455:Peptides / Q000652:urine*; D020543:Proteome / Q000032:analysis; D040901:Proteomics; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010455:Peptides; D020543:Proteome
keywords: Depression; Diagnosis; Diagnostic; MDD; Peptide pattern; Urine