title: Treatment of myofascial pain.
abstract: SUMMARY The objective of this article was to perform a narrative review regarding the treatment of myofascial pain syndrome and to provide clinicians with treatment recommendations. This paper reviews the efficacy of various myofascial pain syndrome treatment modalities, including pharmacological therapy, injection-based therapies and physical therapy interventions. Outcomes evaluated included pain (visual analog scale), pain pressure threshold and range of motion. The evidence found significant benefit with multiple treatments, including diclofenac patch, thiocolchicoside and lidocaine patches. Trigger point injections, ischemic compression therapy, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, spray and stretch, and myofascial release were also efficacious. The authors recommend focusing on treating underlying pathologies, including spinal conditions, postural abnormalities and underlying behavioral issues. To achieve maximum pain reduction and improve function, we recommend physicians approach myofascial pain syndrome with a multimodal plan, which includes a combination of pharmacologic therapies, various physical therapeutic modalities and injection therapies.
authors.affiliation: George Washington University Medical Center, The GW Spine & Pain Center, 2131 K Street, NW Suite 600, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: Mehul J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Desai
authors.forename: Matthew C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Bean
authors.forename: Thomas W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Heckman
authors.forename: Dhinu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jayaseelan
authors.forename: Nick
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Moats
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nava