title: Increased levels of eotaxin and MCP-1 in juvenile dermatomyositis median 16.8 years after disease onset; associations with disease activity, duration and organ damage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare cytokine profiles in patients with juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) after medium to long-term follow-up with matched controls, and to examine associations between cytokine levels and disease activity, disease duration and organ damage.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-four JDM patients were examined median 16.8 years (2-38) after disease onset (follow-up) and compared with 54 sex- and age-matched controls. Cytokine concentrations in serum were quantified by Luminex technology. In patients, disease activity score (DAS), myositis damage index (MDI) and other disease parameters were collected by chart review (early parameters) and clinical examination (follow-up).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum levels of eotaxin, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and interferon-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) were elevated in JDM patients compared to controls (31.5%, 37.2% and 43.2% respectively, all p<0.05). Patients with active (n = 28), but not inactive disease (n = 26) had a higher level of MCP-1 than their respective controls. Levels of eotaxin and MCP-1 correlated with disease duration (r = 0.47 and r = 0.64, both p<0.001) and age in patients, but not with age in controls. At follow-up, MDI was associated with MCP-1(standardized β = 0.43, p = 0.002) after adjusting for disease duration and gender. High MDI 1 year post-diagnosis predicted high levels of eotaxin and MCP-1 at follow-up (standardized β = 0.24 and 0.29, both p<0.05) after adjusting for disease duration and gender.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with JDM had higher eotaxin, MCP-1 and IP-10 than controls. High eotaxin and MCP-1 at follow-up was predicted by early disease parameters, and MCP-1 was associated with organ damage at follow-up, highlighting a role of these chemokines in JDM.
authors.affiliation: Section of Rheumatology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Competence Centre of Pediatric and Adolescent Rheumatology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Helga
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sanner
authors.affiliation: Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål, Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.affiliation: Section of Rheumatology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Berit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Flatø
authors.affiliation: Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål, Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vistnes
authors.affiliation: Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål, Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Geir
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Christensen
authors.affiliation: Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål, Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Ivar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sjaastad
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D054413:Chemokine CCL11 / Q000097:blood*; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000097:blood*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003882:Dermatomyositis / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C515456:CCL11 protein, human; D054413:Chemokine CCL11; D018932:Chemokine CCL2