title: Association of interferon gamma gene polymorphisms with BK virus infection among Hispanic renal allograft recipients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  BK virus nephropathy is one of the most common viral infections that affect up to 10% of renal transplant recipients (RTRs), causing allograft dysfunction and graft loss. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) gene polymorphisms have been associated with parvovirus B19, hepatitis C virus, HIV-1/AIDS infection, cytomegalovirus viremia, and disease. IFN-γ is known to have potent inhibitory effects on BK virus gene expression, both at the level of transcription and translation.
  
  
  METHODS
  It was investigated whether IFN-γ polymorphisms are associated with BKV infection. Genotyping of four single-nucleotide polymorphisms located in the IFN-γ gene were performed on DNA collected from a total of 251 RTRs (71 RTRs with BKV infection and 180 without BKV infection).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analysis of the results showed that IFN-γ (rs12369470) CC genotype was significantly associated with susceptibility to BKV infection (OR: 2.9, 95% CI: 1.29-6.44, P=0.007) while the IFN-γ +874 (rs2435061) TT and (rs2406918) CC genotypes appear to be markers for protection against BKV infection (OR: 0.29, 95% CI: 0.1-0.83, P=0.01 for rs245061; OR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.4-0.94, P=0.02 for rs24069718). A haplotype analysis using the combination of rs2435061-rs2406918-rs2870953 showed that the A-G-T haplotype was associated with a significantly reduced risk for BKV infection (OR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.25-0.73, P=0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Polymorphisms in the IFN-γ gene may confer certain protection or predisposition for BKV infection.
authors.affiliation: 1 Mendez National Institute of Transplantation, Los Angeles, CA. 2 Saint Vincent Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA. 3 Western University of Health Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Pomona, CA. 4 Transplant Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA. 5 University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 6 Address correspondence to: David I. Min, Pharm.D., F.C.C.P., F.A.S.H.P., Western University of Health Sciences 309 E.2nd Street, Pomona, CA 91766.
authors.forename: Don
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vu
authors.forename: Prashant
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sakharkar
authors.forename: Tariq
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Naraghi
authors.forename: Qazi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yasir
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hutchinson
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Min
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001739:BK Virus / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006239:Haplotypes; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000235:genetics*; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010641:Phenotype; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D027601:Polyomavirus Infections / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014412:Tumor Virus Infections / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: C573415:IFNG protein, human; D007371:Interferon-gamma