title: Imaging the thyroid in children.
abstract: Color Doppler Ultrasounds (CDU) and Thyroid Scanning (TS) have much improved in recent years and offer a likely diagnosis of the disorder and its main subtypes. This especially applies when diagnosing permanent or transient causes of congenital hypothyroidism (CH), where dual imaging has proven to be more informative than single scanning. Though both isotopes have acceptable performances, the use of (123)I appears more advisable, since it more accurately identifies the various aetiologies of CH and probably has better dosimetric characteristics than (99m)Tc. Detailed dual imaging patterns are presented in connection with most of the underlying mechanisms explaining CH, thyroid dysgenesis (75%) and dyshormonogenesis (20%). Imaging of thyroid autoimmunity, of immunogenic thyrotoxicosis and of thyroid autonomy, is helped by CDU but most often requires a quantified (123)I-TS (molecular imaging). We finally show the interest of CDU to sort suspicious nodule and present the new TIRADS scoring system.
authors.affiliation: Université Paris Descartes and Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cochin Hospital, 27 rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques, 75679 Paris Cedex 14, France. Electronic address: jerome.clerc@cch.aphp.fr.
authors.forename: Jérôme
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Clerc
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003409:Congenital Hypothyroidism / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D013667:Technetium; D013959:Thyroid Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D050033:Thyroid Dysgenesis / Q000175:diagnosis; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000276:immunology; D016606:Thyroid Nodule / Q000175:diagnosis; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color
chemical_list: D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D013667:Technetium
keywords: color doppler ultrasounds; iodine 123 congenital hypothyroidism; thyroid autonomy; thyroid nodule; thyroid scintigraphy; thyrotoxicosis