title: Early response monitoring to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in osteosarcoma using sequential ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT and MRI.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the potential of sequential fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose ((18) F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) and MRI (PET/MRI) after one cycle of neoadjuvant chemotherapy to predict a poor histologic response in osteosarcoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study was conducted on 30 patients with osteosarcoma treated with two cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery. All patients underwent PET/MRI before, after one cycle, and after the completion of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, respectively. Imaging parameters [maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), total lesion glycolysis (TLG), and tumor volume based on magnetic resonance (MR) images (MRV)] and their % changes were calculated on each PET/MRI data set, and histological responses were evaluated on the postsurgical specimen.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 17 patients (57%) exhibited a poor histologic response after two cycles of chemotherapy. Unlike the little volumetric change in MRI, PET parameters significantly decreased after one and two cycles of chemotherapy, respectively. After one cycle of chemotherapy, SUVmax, MTV, and TLG predicted the poor responders. Among these parameters, either MTV ≥ 47 mL or TLG ≥ 190 g after one cycle of chemotherapy was significantly associated with a poor histologic response on multivariate logistic regression analysis (OR 8.98, p = 0.039). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of these parameters were 71%, 85% and 77%; and 71%, 85% and 77 %, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The histologic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in osteosarcoma can be predicted accurately by FDG PET after one course of chemotherapy. Among PET parameters, MTV and TLG were independent predictors of the histologic response.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Nuclear Medicine, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Byung Hyun
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Byun
authors.forename: Chang-Bae
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: Ilhan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Byung Il
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Chang Woon
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Won Seok
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Wan Hyeong
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Dae-Geun
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.forename: Jae-Soo
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.forename: Soo-Yong
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sang Moo
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D064847:Multimodal Imaging; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D012516:Osteosarcoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18