title: Assessment of carbon footprint and energy performance of the extra virgin olive oil chain in Umbria, Italy.
abstract: The cradle to grave carbon footprint (CF) and energy footprint (EF) analysis of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) produced in the Province of Perugia (Umbria, Italy) is assessed. In this study, olive orchard cultivation, EVOO extraction, bottling, packaging, storage at -18°C and distribution in the main importing countries were studied from a life cycle assessment perspective, with the main objective of identifying the processes with the largest environmental impacts. The selected functional unit was 1L of EVOO, packaged for distribution. Inventory data was gathered mainly through both direct communication using questionnaires and direct measurements. To determine the CF the ISO/TS 14067:2013 was followed while the EF was evaluated according to ISO standards 14040 and 14044. Results showed that the most impacting process is the distribution, mainly due to the choice of employing air transport. The main other hot spots identified were the olive orchard fertilization, EVOO freezing during its storage at the olive mill factory and the manufacture of glass bottles. Suggested improvement opportunities included shifts in the EVOO transportation policy, the introduction of lighter glass bottles in the bottling process, the use of cooling agent with lower global warming potential and the employment of biodiesel in the farming machineries.
authors.affiliation: CRB-Biomass Research Centre, Via G. Duranti, 67-06125 Perugia, Italy. Electronic address: rinaldi@crbnet.it.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rinaldi
authors.affiliation: CRB-Biomass Research Centre, Via G. Duranti, 67-06125 Perugia, Italy. Electronic address: marco.barbanera@unipg.it.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barbanera
authors.affiliation: CRB-Biomass Research Centre, Via G. Duranti, 67-06125 Perugia, Italy. Electronic address: lascaro@crbnet.it.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lascaro
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000032:analysis; D058572:Carbon Footprint / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D007558:Italy; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010938:Plant Oils
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010938:Plant Oils; D002245:Carbon Dioxide
keywords: Cumulative energy demand; Extra virgin olive oil; Global warming; ISO/TS 14067; Life cycle assessment