title: Molecular characterization of antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas and Aeromonas isolates from catfish of the Mekong Delta, Vietnam.
abstract: A collection of 116 motile Pseudomonas spp. and 92 Aeromonas spp. isolated from 15 Vietnamese intensive catfish farms was analyzed to examine the molecular antibiotic resistance characteristics and the transferability of resistance markers within and between species. High levels of resistance to ampicillin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, nalidixic acid, chloramphenicol, and nitrofurantoin were observed. The percentage of multiple drug resistance of Pseudomonas spp. and Aeromonas spp. isolates was 96.6% and 61.9%, respectively. The multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index mean values of 0.457 and 0.293 of Pseudomonas and Aeromonas isolates, respectively, indicated that these isolates were exposed to high risk sources of contamination where antibiotics were commonly used. Approximately 33% of Pseudomonas spp. and 28% of Aeromonas spp. isolates from catfish contained class 1 integrons, but no class 2 integrons were detected. Several common resistance genes including aadA, dfrA and catB were harbored in class 1 integrons. Large plasmids (>55 kb) were frequently detected in 50% and 71.4% of the plasmids extracted from Pseudomonas and Aeromonas isolates, respectively. Conjugation and transformation experiments demonstrated the successful transfer of all or part of the resistance phenotypes of catfish isolates to the recipient strains, including laboratory strains and strains isolated from this study. These results highlight the likely role of catfish bacteria as a reservoir of antibiotic resistant, Gram-negative bacteria harboring a pool of mobile genetic elements that can readily be transferred intra- and interspecies. To our knowledge, this is the first report on molecular characterization of antibiotic resistance of bacteria isolated from catfish in Vietnam.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Fisheries, Nong Lam University, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia.
authors.forename: Hoang Nam Kha
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia.
authors.forename: Thi Thu Hao
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Van
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Fisheries, Nong Lam University, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
authors.forename: Huu Thinh
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia.
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Smooker
authors.affiliation: School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia.
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shimeta
authors.affiliation: School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia. Electronic address: pcoloe@rmit.edu.au.
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Coloe
mesh_terms: D000333:Aeromonas / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017756:Aquaculture; D002397:Catfishes / Q000382:microbiology*; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D022761:Gene Transfer, Horizontal / Q000235:genetics*; D032023:Integrons / Q000235:genetics; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics; D011549:Pseudomonas / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D013045:Species Specificity; D014744:Vietnam
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: Aeromonas; Antibiotic resistance; Catfish; Integrons; Plasmids; Pseudomonas