title: Probing for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in live dorsal root ganglion neurons with atomic force microscopy.
abstract: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) remains a major reason for cancer patients to withdraw from their lifesaving therapy. CIPN results in irreversible sensory and motor impairments; however, the epidemiology is largely unknown. Here, we report for the first time that chemotherapy drug vincristine not only reduced axonal regeneration in primary dorsal root ganglion neuron but also induced substantial changes in cell mechanical properties detected by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Confocal imaging analysis revealed vincristine-induced microtubule depolymerization. By using AFM for high-resolution live cell imaging and quantitative analysis, we observed significant changes in cell surface roughness and stiffness of vincristine-treated neurons. Elastic modulus was decreased (21-45%) with increasing dosage of vincristine. Further study with paclitaxel, another well-known CIPN drug, confirmed the link between cell mechanics and cytoskeleton organization. These data support that our system can be used for probing potential CIPN drugs that are of enormous benefit to new chemotherapy drug development.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  This study concludes that reduced cell elasticity in dorsal root ganglion neurons accompanies the development of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy, providing a model system that enables testing of upcoming chemotherapy agents for this particularly inconvenient and often treatment-limiting complication.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong; Centre for Biosystems, Neuroscience, and Nanotechnology, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Ngan Pan Bennett
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Au
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong; Centre for Robotic and Automation, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Yuqiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong; Centre for Robotic and Automation, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Xi
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong; Centre for Robotic and Automation, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong. Electronic address: kinglai@cityu.edu.hk.
authors.forename: King Wai Chiu
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong; Centre for Biosystems, Neuroscience, and Nanotechnology, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong. Electronic address: eddiema@cityu.edu.hk.
authors.forename: Chi Him Eddie
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D055119:Elastic Modulus; D005727:Ganglia, Spinal / Q000166:cytology*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force / Q000379:methods*; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010523:Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D014750:Vincristine / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D014750:Vincristine; D017239:Paclitaxel
keywords: AFM live cell imaging; Cell mechanic; Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy; Dorsal root ganglion neurons; Nanoindentation