title: Determination of pesticide residues in honeybees using modified QUEChERS sample work-up and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
abstract: Increasing emissions of chemical compounds to the environment, especially of pesticides, is one of factors that may explain present honeybee colony losses. In this work, an analytical method employing liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was optimized for the simultaneous screening of 19 pesticides which have not been yet determined in honeybee samples from northern Poland (Pomerania). The sample preparation, based on the QuEChERS method combining salting-out liquid-liquid extraction to acetonitrile and a dispersive-SPE clean-up, was adjusted to honeybee samples by adding a small amount of hexane to eliminate beeswax. The recovery of analytes ranged from 70% to 120% with relative standard deviation ≤20%. The limits of detection were in the range of 0.91-25 ng/g. A total of 19 samples of honeybees from suspected pesticide poisoning incidents were analyzed, in which 19 different pesticides were determined.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, Gdańsk 80-233, Poland. zanjarz@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Żaneta
authors.initials: Ż
authors.lastname: Bargańska
authors.affiliation: Perlan Technologies Polska Sp. z.o.o., Puławska 303, Warszawa 02-785, Poland. mslebioda@perlan.com.pl.
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Slebioda
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, Gdańsk 80-233, Poland. jacek.namiesnik@pg.gda.pl.
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Namieśnik
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001516:Bees; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D010573:Pesticide Residues