title: Systematic review on noninvasive assessment of subclinical cardiovascular disease in obstructive sleep apnea: new kid on the block!
abstract: Patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) have a high burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) but a causal relationship between OSA and atherosclerotic CVD remains unclear. We systematically reviewed the literature analyzing the relationship. A review of the Medline database for studies noninvasively evaluating subclinical CVD in OSA was conducted. A total of fifty-two studies were included in this review. Across the studies the prevalence of atherosclerosis, as assessed by coronary artery calcification, carotid intima-media thickness, brachial artery flow-mediated dilation and pulse wave velocity was higher in patients with OSA and correlated with increasing severity and duration of OSA. This study shows OSA is an independent predictor of subclinical CVD as CVD is more likely to occur in patients with long standing and severe OSA. Further research is however necessary to identify specific OSA populations that would benefit from aggressive screening.
authors.affiliation: Center for Prevention and Wellness Research, Baptist Health Medical Group, Miami FL, USA; University of Manchester School of Medicine, Manchester, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Shozab S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Center for Prevention and Wellness Research, Baptist Health Medical Group, Miami FL, USA.
authors.forename: Ebenezer T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Oni
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Haider J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Warraich
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Blaha
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Roger S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Blumenthal
authors.affiliation: Center for Prevention and Wellness Research, Baptist Health Medical Group, Miami FL, USA.
authors.forename: Adil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karim
authors.affiliation: Center for Prevention and Wellness Research, Baptist Health Medical Group, Miami FL, USA.
authors.forename: Sameer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shaharyar
authors.affiliation: Center for Prevention and Wellness Research, Baptist Health Medical Group, Miami FL, USA.
authors.forename: Omar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Jamal
authors.affiliation: Baptist Hospital of Miami and Baptist Cardiac & Vascular Institute, Miami, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fialkow
authors.affiliation: Baptist Hospital of Miami and Baptist Cardiac & Vascular Institute, Miami, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cury
authors.affiliation: Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Budoff
authors.affiliation: Center for Prevention and Wellness Research, Baptist Health Medical Group, Miami FL, USA.
authors.forename: Arthur S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Agatston
authors.affiliation: Center for Prevention and Wellness Research, Baptist Health Medical Group, Miami FL, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA; Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA. Electronic address: KhurramN@baptisthealth.net.
authors.forename: Khurram
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nasir
mesh_terms: D058070:Asymptomatic Diseases; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D006801:Humans; D012307:Risk Factors; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000150:complications*
keywords: Atherosclerosis; Cardiovascular disease; Coronary artery calcium; Endothelial dysfunction; Flow-mediated dilation; Intima media thickness; Obstructive sleep apnea; Pulse wave velocity