title: Inhibition of HepG2 cell proliferation by ursolic acid and polysaccharides via the downregulation of cyclooxygenase-2.
abstract: Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, a multi-functional molecule, is overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinomas. In order to understand cell proliferation and its association with COX-2 in HepG2 cells in the presence of ursolic acid (UA), viili exopolysaccharides (VEPS) and Astragalus polysaccharides (APS), the cell proliferation, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and metabolic malondialdehyde (MDA) of fatty acids, COX-2, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), as well as apoptotic morphology and rate were investigated. The results revealed that the activities of SOD, COX-2 and PGE2 were reduced, MDA was markedly decreased, apoptotic blebs were induced, and HepG2 cells were accumulated in the G1 and sub G1/apoptotic phases in test groups. The results indicated that UA, VEPS, APS and any combination of these possess anticancer properties, particularly by downregulating COX-2 expression, which may have increased internal oxidation and triggered apoptosis together with a change in internal antioxidant response elements, leading to a reduction in cell proliferation.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jingkai
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Meiling
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xiaohong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jinlu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Zhenjing
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Likui
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science, Chinese University of Science and Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jihui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Luo
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D059447:Cell Cycle Checkpoints / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D015536:Down-Regulation; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects*; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000097245:Ursolic Acid
chemical_list: D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D015232:Dinoprostone; D011134:Polysaccharides; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014315:Triterpenes; D000097245:Ursolic Acid