title: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in pediatric patients: case report and literature review.
abstract: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is a rare, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system caused by JC virus. Fewer than 30 cases have been reported in HIV- and non-infected children. We report the case of a 15-year-old girl with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and AIDS who presented with nystagmus, dysarthria and ataxia. Following combined antiretroviral therapy, she developed immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, which proved fatal.
authors.affiliation: From the *Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; †Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; ‡Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA; §Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital; ¶Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; ‖Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; **Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; ††Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Hayden
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schwenk
authors.forename: Lynn
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ramirez-Avila
authors.forename: Shu-Hsien
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Sheu
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wuthrich
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Waugh
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Was
authors.forename: Umberto
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Degirolami
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Burchett
authors.forename: Igor J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Koralnik
authors.forename: Asim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ahmed
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D054019:Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome; D007577:JC Virus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D007968:Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D055815:Young Adult