title: The effects of elastic tubing-based resistance training compared with conventional resistance training in patients with moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of elastic tubing training compared with conventional resistance training on the improvement of functional exercise capacity, muscle strength, fat-free mass, and systemic inflammation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, randomized, eight-week clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted in a university-based, outpatient, physical therapy clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 49 patients with moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were randomly assigned to perform elastic tubing training or conventional resistance training three times per week for eight weeks.
  
  
  METHODS
  The primary outcome measure was functional exercise capacity. The secondary outcome measures were peripheral muscle strength, health-related quality of life assessed by the Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire (CRDQ), fat-free mass, and cytokine profile.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After eight weeks, the mean distance covered during six minutes increased by 73 meters (±69) in the elastic tubing group and by 42 meters (±59) in the conventional group (p < 0.05). The muscle strength and quality of life improved in both groups (P < 0.05), with no significant differences between the groups. There was a trend toward an improved fat-free mass in both groups (P = 0.05). After the first and last sessions, there was an increase in interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) in both groups, while tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) was stimulated only in the conventional training group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elastic tubing training had a greater effect on functional exercise capacity than conventional resistance training. Both interventions were equally effective in improving muscle strength and quality of life.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiotherapy, State University of Sao Paulo, Presidente Prudente, Brazil ercy@fct.unesp.br.
authors.forename: Ercy Mara Cipulo
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiotherapy, State University of Sao Paulo, Presidente Prudente, Brazil Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alessandra Choqueta
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: de Toledo-Arruda
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiotherapy, State University of Sao Paulo, Presidente Prudente, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciana Cristina
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Fosco
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiotherapy, State University of Sao Paulo, Presidente Prudente, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rafaela
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bonfim
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiotherapy, State University of Sao Paulo, Presidente Prudente, Brazil.
authors.forename: Giovana Navarro
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Bertolini
authors.affiliation: Pathological Science, State University of Londrina, Parana, Brazil.
authors.forename: Flavia Alessandra
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Guarnier
authors.affiliation: Pathological Science, State University of Londrina, Parana, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rubens
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cecchini
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiotherapy, State University of Sao Paulo, Presidente Prudente, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos Marcelo
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Pastre
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Langer
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Rik
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gosselink
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiotherapy, State University of Sao Paulo, Presidente Prudente, Brazil.
authors.forename: Dionei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ramos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D017079:Exercise Tolerance / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011446:Prospective Studies; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D011788:Quality of Life; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; muscle strength; rehabilitation; resistance training