title: Comparative reactivity of different types of stable cyclic and acyclic mono- and diamino carbenes with simple organic substrates.
abstract: A series of stable carbenes, featuring a broad range of electronic properties, were reacted with simple organic substrates. The N,N-dimesityl imidazolylidene (NHC) does not react with isocyanides, whereas anti-Bredt di(amino)carbene (pyr-NHC), cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene (CAAC), acyclic di(amino)carbene (ADAC), and acyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene (AAAC) give rise to the corresponding ketenimines. NHCs are known to promote the benzoin condensation, and we found that the CAAC, pyr-NHC, and ADAC react with benzaldehyde to give the ketone tautomer of the Breslow intermediate, whereas the AAAC first gives the corresponding epoxide and ultimately the Breslow intermediate, which can be isolated. Addition of excess benzaldehyde to the latter does not lead to benzoin but to a stable 1,3-dioxolane. Depending on the electronic properties of carbenes, different products are also obtained with methyl acrylate as a substrate. The critical role of the carbene electrophilicity on the outcome of reactions is discussed.
authors.affiliation: UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (UMI 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093-0343, United States.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Canac
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lavallo
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bertrand