title: Study of insomnia and associated factors in traumatic brain injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study is designed to investigate prevalence and risk factors of insomnia in TBI. This study has also tried to explore the connection between insomnia with neuroanatomical localization of TBI as well as depression.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  All eligible participants were evaluated initially after two week interval for first 4 weeks and monthly interval subsequently till one year. Demographic and injury characteristics of the participants were assessed on a self-designed semi structured performa. Interviews focused on assessment of severity of TBI, insomnia and depression using GCS, ISI and PHQ-9 respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total 204 patients were included, mean age was 33.34 years. 40.2% participants were found to have insomnia. None of the demographic variables were associated with insomnia except severity and duration of TBI. Moderate TBI patient (70.73%) had significantly higher occurrence of insomnia than the mild cases (19.67%) (P=0.000, df 1). First three month after TBI witnessed more than half (63.41%) of those patient who had insomnia. This was found statistically significant (P<0.017). Neuroanatomical localization was also correlated with insomnia. Cerebral contusion was the most common (40.24%) site of impact. Almost half (42.42%) of the patients with insomnia had multiple contusions. 32.84% of the study population had depression. No significant correlation could be established between depression and insomnia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Insomnia is a prevalent condition after TBI requiring more clinical and scientific attention as it may have important repercussions on rehabilitation.
authors.affiliation: ESIC Model Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. Electronic address: akhilesic@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Akhilesh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.affiliation: Sawai Man Singh Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Mittal
authors.affiliation: Sawai Man Singh Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
authors.forename: Achal
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Sawai Man Singh Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. Electronic address: Dranandsharma100123@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Anand
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Sawai Man Singh Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
authors.forename: I D
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Gupta
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Depression; Insomnia; Traumatic brain injury