title: Effective reprocessing of reusable dispensers for surface disinfection tissues - the devil is in the details.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It has recently been reported that reusable dispensers for surface disinfection tissues may be contaminated, especially with adapted Achromobacter species 3, when products based on surface-active ingredients are used. Fresh solution may quickly become recontaminated if dispensers are not processed adequately.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated the abilities of six manual and three automatic processes for processing contaminated dispensers to prevent recolonisation of a freshly-prepared disinfectant solution (Mikrobac forte 0.5%). Dispensers were left at room temperature for 28 days. Samples of the disinfectant solution were taken every 7 days and assessed quantitatively for bacterial contamination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All automatic procedures prevented recolonisation of the disinfectant solution when a temperature of 60-70°C was ensured for at least 5 min, with or without the addition of chemical cleaning agents. Manual procedures prevented recontamination of the disinfectant solution when rinsing with hot water or a thorough cleaning step was performed before treating all surfaces with an alcohol-based disinfectant or an oxygen-releaser. Other cleaning and disinfection procedures, including the use of an alcohol-based disinfectant, did not prevent recolonisation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that not all processes are effective for processing reusable dispensers for surface-disinfectant tissues, and that a high temperature during the cleaning step or use of a biofilm-active cleaning agent are essential.
authors.affiliation: Bode Science Center, Bode Chemie GmbH, Hamburg, Germany ; Institut für Hygiene und Umweltmedizin, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt Universität Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: Günter
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kampf
authors.affiliation: Microbiology, Bode Chemie GmbH, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Stina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Degenhardt
authors.affiliation: Microbiology, Bode Chemie GmbH, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Sibylle
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lackner
authors.affiliation: Microbiology, Bode Chemie GmbH, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Christiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ostermeyer
keywords: Achromobacter spp.; processing; surface disinfection; tissue dispenser