title: Propionibacterium acnes, an emerging pathogen: from acne to implant-infections, from phylotype to resistance.
abstract: Propionibacterium acnes colonizes the lipid-rich sebaceous glands of the skin. This preferential anaerobic bacterium is easily identified if cultures are prolonged. It is involved in the inflammation process of acne, but until recently, it was neglected in other clinical presentations. Despite a reported low virulence, the new genomic, transcriptomic, and phylogenetic studies have allowed better understanding of this pathogen's importance that causes many chronic and recurrent infections, including orthopedic and cardiac prosthetic, and breast or eye implant-infections. These infections, facilitated by the ability of P. acnes to produce a biofilm, require using anti-biofilm active antibiotics such as rifampicin. The antibiogram of P. acnes is not systematically performed in microbiology laboratories because of its susceptibility to a wide range of antibiotics. However, in the last 10 years, the rate of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has increased, especially for macrolides and tetracyclines. Recently, rpoB gene mutations conferring resistance to rifampicin have been also reported. Thus in case of a biofilm growth mode, the therapeutic strategy should be discussed, according to the resistance phylotype and phenotype so as to optimize the treatment of these severe infections.
authors.affiliation: Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène, Institut de biologie des hôpitaux de Nantes, CHU de Nantes, 9, quai Moncousu, 44093 Nantes cedex 01, France; EA3826 Thérapeutiques cliniques et expérimentales des infections, Université de Nantes, faculté de médecine, 44000 Nantes, France.
authors.forename: G G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Aubin
authors.affiliation: Microbiology Laboratory, Laboratori de Referència de Catalunya, Carrer de la Selva, 10, Edifici Inblau A. Parc de Negocis Mas Blau, 08820 El Prat de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Portillo
authors.affiliation: Charité - University Medicine Free and Humboldt-University of Berlin Charitéplatz, 1D-10117 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Trampuz
authors.affiliation: Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène, Institut de biologie des hôpitaux de Nantes, CHU de Nantes, 9, quai Moncousu, 44093 Nantes cedex 01, France; EA3826 Thérapeutiques cliniques et expérimentales des infections, Université de Nantes, faculté de médecine, 44000 Nantes, France. Electronic address: stephane.corvec@chu-nantes.fr.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Corvec
mesh_terms: D000152:Acne Vulgaris / Q000382:microbiology; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D018441:Biofilms; D018427:Breast Implants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000382:microbiology; D002557:Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts / Q000009:adverse effects; D021821:Communicable Diseases, Emerging; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D009877:Endophthalmitis / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology; D015818:Eye Infections, Bacterial / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D016908:Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000635:transmission; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D007910:Lenses, Intraocular / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000382:microbiology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000379:methods; D010802:Phylogeny; D011425:Propionibacterium acnes / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D016459:Prosthesis-Related Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D014774:Virulence / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial
keywords: Acne; Acné; Antibiotic resistance; Phylotype; Prosthesis or device-related infections; Prothèse; Résistance aux antibiotiques