title: Oral administration with attenuated Salmonella encoding a Trichinella cystatin-like protein elicited host immunity.
abstract: Trichinellosis is a public health problem and is regarded as an emergent/re-emergent disease in various countries. The cDNA encoding a cystatin-like protein (Ts-cystatin) was identified by immunoscreening intestinal muscle larvae cDNA libraries with serum from pigs experimentally infected with 20,000 Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae. To study its impact on host immunity, we chose a eukaryotic expression system based on several comparisons of immunogenicity between the two Salmonella typhimurium administration schemes, which indicated that the eukaryotic expression system was superior. Humoral IgG and mucosal IgA were measured to determine the antibody response. To explore whether Th1 and Th2 responses were responsible for the induced protection, Th1- and Th2-specific cellular transcription factors and the cytokine profile were examined. Changes in the T lymphocyte and macrophage populations were detected by flow cytometry. Lastly, parasitological examination was examined. The results showed that Ts-cystatin induced a Th1/Th2-mixed type of immune response and decreased STAT6 transcription. The intestinal adult recovery increased by 10.9% in the Ts-cystatin group, the Ts-cystatin group fecundity rate was decreased by 91%. Furthermore, the number of muscle larvae did not change compared with the control group. In conclusion, our results suggest that Ts-cystatin plays an important role in Trichinella resistance to rapid expulsion by the host and is worth further study.
authors.affiliation: Key Lab for Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China.
authors.forename: X D
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Lab for Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China.
authors.forename: X L
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Lab for Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: Key Lab for Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China.
authors.forename: X L
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 207 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai 200025, PR China. Electronic address: xpwu@jlu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: X P
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Key Lab for Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China. Electronic address: zhaoyingsohu@sohu.com.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Key Lab for Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Key Lab for Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: X Z
authors.initials: XZ
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China.
authors.forename: Z Q
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Lab for Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Lab for Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, PR China. Electronic address: liumy@jlu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: M Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D015891:Cystatins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory / Q000032:analysis; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012475:Salmonella; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D017160:Trichinella spiralis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D014235:Trichinellosis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D015891:Cystatins; D016207:Cytokines; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic
keywords: Attenuated Salmonella; Cystatin-like protein; Eukaryotic expression system; Immunosuppressive; Th1/Th2; Trichinella spiralis