title: Evaluating the virucidal efficacy of hydrogen peroxide vapour.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Surface contamination has been implicated in the transmission of certain viruses, and surface disinfection can be an effective measure to interrupt the spread of these agents.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the in-vitro efficacy of hydrogen peroxide vapour (HPV), a vapour-phase disinfection method, for the inactivation of a number of structurally distinct viruses of importance in the healthcare, veterinary and public sectors. The viruses studied were: feline calicivirus (FCV, a norovirus surrogate); human adenovirus type 1; transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus of pigs (TGEV, a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus [SARS-CoV] surrogate); avian influenza virus (AIV); and swine influenza virus (SwIV).
  
  
  METHODS
  The viruses were dried on stainless steel discs in 20- or 40-μL aliquots and exposed to HPV produced by a Clarus L generator (Bioquell, Horsham, PA, USA) in a 0.2-m(3) environmental chamber. Three vaporized volumes of hydrogen peroxide were tested in triplicate for each virus: 25, 27 and 33 mL.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No viable viruses were identified after HPV exposure at any of the vaporized volumes tested. HPV was virucidal (>4-log reduction) against FCV, adenovirus, TGEV and AIV at the lowest vaporized volume tested (25 mL). For SwIV, due to low virus titre on the control discs, >3.8-log reduction was shown for the 25-mL vaporized volume and >4-log reduction was shown for the 27-mL and 33-mL vaporized volumes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HPV was virucidal for structurally distinct viruses dried on surfaces, suggesting that HPV can be considered for the disinfection of virus-contaminated surfaces.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA. Electronic address: goyal001@umn.edu.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Goyal
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chander
authors.affiliation: Bioquell UK Ltd, Andover, UK.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yezli
authors.affiliation: Bioquell UK Ltd, Andover, UK; Centre for Clinical Infection and Diagnostics Research (CIDR), Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London School of Medicine and Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, UK.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Otter
mesh_terms: D004202:Disinfectants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004783:Environmental Microbiology; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000187:drug effects*; D013227:Steam; D014780:Viruses / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D004202:Disinfectants; D013227:Steam; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide
keywords: Adenovirus; Decontamination; Disinfection; Feline calicivirus; HPV; Hydrogen peroxide vapour; Influenza virus; Norovirus; SARS; Transmissible gastroenteritis virus