title: A comprehensive dosimetric study of pancreatic cancer treatment using three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT), intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), volumetric-modulated radiation therapy (VMAT), and passive-scattering and modulated-scanning proton therapy (PT).
abstract: With traditional photon therapy to treat large postoperative pancreatic target volume, it often leads to poor tolerance of the therapy delivered and may contribute to interrupted treatment course. This study was performed to evaluate the potential advantage of using passive-scattering (PS) and modulated-scanning (MS) proton therapy (PT) to reduce normal tissue exposure in postoperative pancreatic cancer treatment. A total of 11 patients with postoperative pancreatic cancer who had been previously treated with PS PT in University of Pennsylvania Roberts Proton Therapy Center from 2010 to 2013 were identified. The clinical target volume (CTV) includes the pancreatic tumor bed as well as the adjacent high-risk nodal areas. Internal (iCTV) was generated from 4-dimensional (4D) computed tomography (CT), taking into account target motion from breathing cycle. Three-field and 4-field 3D conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT), 5-field intensity-modulated radiation therapy, 2-arc volumetric-modulated radiation therapy, and 2-field PS and MS PT were created on the patients' average CT. All the plans delivered 50.4Gy to the planning target volume (PTV). Overall, 98% of PTV was covered by 95% of the prescription dose and 99% of iCTV received 98% prescription dose. The results show that all the proton plans offer significant lower doses to the left kidney (mean and V18Gy), stomach (mean and V20Gy), and cord (maximum dose) compared with all the photon plans, except 3-field 3DCRT in cord maximum dose. In addition, MS PT also provides lower doses to the right kidney (mean and V18Gy), liver (mean dose), total bowel (V20Gy and mean dose), and small bowel (V15Gy absolute volume ratio) compared with all the photon plans and PS PT. The dosimetric advantage of PT points to the possibility of treating tumor bed and comprehensive nodal areas while providing a more tolerable treatment course that could be used for dose escalation and combining with radiosensitizing chemotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
authors.forename: Xuanfeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dionisi
authors.affiliation: Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
authors.forename: Shikui
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ingram
authors.affiliation: Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
authors.forename: Chun-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.affiliation: Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
authors.forename: Evangelos
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Prionas
authors.affiliation: Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
authors.forename: Phil
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lichtenwalner
authors.affiliation: Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Butterwick
authors.affiliation: Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
authors.forename: Huifang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhai
authors.affiliation: Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
authors.forename: Lingshu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
authors.forename: Haibo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kassaee
authors.affiliation: Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. Electronic address: stephen.avery@uphs.upenn.edu.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Avery
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D061766:Proton Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted; D050397:Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
keywords: IMRT; Pancreatic cancer; VMAT; proton therapy; treatment planning