title: Antinociceptive effect of ethanol extract of leaves of Lannea coromandelica.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr. is a plant locally called "Jiga", found all over Bangladesh. Leaf of the plant is traditionally used in the treatment of local swellings, pains of body, toothache etc. This study evaluated the antinociceptive effect of the ethanol extract of L. coromandelica leaves (EELC).
  
  
  METHODS
  The antinociceptive activity of the extract (at the doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) was evaluated by using chemical- and heat-induced pain models such as acetic acid-induced writhing, hot plate, tail immersion, formalin, and glutamate test. To verify the possible involvement of opioid receptor in the central antinociceptive effect of EELC, naloxone was used to antagonize the effect. Besides, the involvements of ATP-sensitive K(+) channel and cGMP pathway were also justified by using glibenclemide and methylene blue.
  
  
  RESULTS
  EELC demonstrated significant dose-dependent antinociceptive activity in the chemical- and heat-induced nociception in mice models (p<0.05). These findings imply the involvement of both peripheral and central antinociceptive mechanisms. The use of naloxone confirmed the association of opioid receptors in the central antinociceptive effect. EELC also showed the involvements of ATP-sensitive K(+) channel and cGMP pathway for antinociceptive activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study reported the antinociceptive activity of the leaf of L. coromandelica and rationalized the traditional use of the leaf in the treatment of different painful conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Stamford University Bangladesh, 51, Siddeswari Road, Dhaka 1217, Bangladesh. Electronic address: zafarimam@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mohammad Zafar
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Imam
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Stamford University Bangladesh, 51, Siddeswari Road, Dhaka 1217, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Md
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moniruzzaman
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid; D027926:Anacardiaceae; D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use* / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000502:physiology; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D005557:Formaldehyde; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D005905:Glyburide / Q000494:pharmacology; D006358:Hot Temperature; D054086:KATP Channels / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008751:Methylene Blue / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use* / Q000633:toxicity; D018515:Plant Leaves; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D054086:KATP Channels; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents; D005557:Formaldehyde; D000431:Ethanol; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D006152:Cyclic GMP; D019342:Acetic Acid; D005905:Glyburide; D008751:Methylene Blue
keywords: Anacardiaceae; Analgesic; Lannea coromandelica; Medicinal plant; Pain