title: Antitumor activity of fermented noni exudates and its fractions.
abstract: Noni has been extensively used in folk medicine by Polynesians for over 2000 year. Recent studies have shown that noni has a wide spectrum of therapeutic activities including inhibition of angiogenesis, anti-inflammatory effects and anti-cancer activities. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of fermented noni exudates (fNE) were previously found to induce significant tumor rejection in a S180 mouse sarcoma tumor model, while natural killer (NK) cells were demonstrated to be markedly involved in fNE-induced antitumor activity. In this study, fNE was partitioned into three fractions and their antitumor effects were examined using i.p. injection or as water supplement. Thein vivoanimal study results showed that when delivered by i.p. injection, n-butanol fraction of fNE (BuOH) effectively rejected (100%) tumor challenge and eradicated existing tumors (75%). When delivered as a water supplement, 62.5% of the mice receiving the n-butanol or ethyl acetate fractions resisted tumor cells. The tumor-resistant mice effectively rejected more and higher doses of tumor challenge, indicating that the immune system was activated. The findings confirm those of an earlier study showing fNE to have anti-tumor activity and demonstrating that the n-butanol fraction of fNE contains active antitumor components, to be further identified. More importantly, the antitumor effect of fNE and its fractions as water supplements renders a significant potential for identifying novel and powerful new dietary products for cancer prevention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634;
authors.forename: Jinhua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii-Hilo;
authors.forename: Leng-Chee
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, United States Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center Hilo, HI 96720;
authors.forename: Marisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wall
authors.affiliation: Department of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, John Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii-Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
authors.forename: D K W
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634;
authors.forename: Xianzhong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634;
authors.forename: Yanzhang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wei
keywords: cancer; fermented noni exudates; noni