title: Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium-infected pigs with different shedding levels exhibit distinct clinical, peripheral cytokine and transcriptomic immune response phenotypes.
abstract: Foodborne salmonellosis costs the US $2.7 billion/year, including $100.0 million in annual losses to pork producers. Pigs colonized with Salmonella are usually asymptomatic with varied severity and duration of fecal shedding. Thus, understanding the responses that result in less shedding may provide a mechanism for control. Fifty-four pigs were inoculated with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (ST) and clinical signs, fecal ST shedding, growth performance, peripheral cytokines and whole blood gene expression were measured. Persistently shedding (PS) pigs had longer pyrexia and elevated serum IL-1β, TNF-α and IFN-γ compared with low shedding (LS) pigs, while LS pigs had brief pyrexia, less shedding that decreased more rapidly and greater serum CXCL8 than PS pigs. The PS pigs up-regulated genes involved with the STAT1, IFNB1 and IFN-γ networks on d 2, while up-regulation of genes involved in immune response regulation were only detected in LS pigs. This is the first study to examine host responses to ST infection at a clinical, performance, cytokine and transcriptomic level. The results indicated that pigs with different shedding outcomes developed distinct immune responses within the first 2 d of ST infection, and elucidated alternative mechanisms that could be targeted to reduce Salmonella shedding and spread.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Knetter
authors.affiliation: National Animal Disease Center, USDA-ARS, Ames, IA, USA.
authors.forename: Shawn M D
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Bearson
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
authors.forename: Ting-Hua
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
authors.forename: Dason
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kurkiewicz
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
authors.forename: Martine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schroyen
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nettleton
authors.affiliation: Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Berman
authors.affiliation: Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Valerie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.affiliation: Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Joan K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Lunney
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
authors.forename: Amanda E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Ramer-Tait
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Wannemuehler
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA cktuggle@iastate.edu.
authors.forename: Christopher K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Tuggle
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D057138:Bacterial Shedding / Q000276:immunology; D001775:Blood Circulation; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D007109:Immunity; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism; D010641:Phenotype; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D012485:Salmonella typhi / Q000502:physiology*; D034421:Sus scrofa / Q000276:immunology*; D059467:Transcriptome / Q000276:immunology; D014435:Typhoid Fever / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D016209:Interleukin-8; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor
keywords: Cytokine; Salmonella; immune response; swine; transcriptomics