title: Initiatives and strategies for development of nanotechnology in nations: a lesson for Africa and other least developed countries.
abstract: It is a known fact that the progress and development of different nations of the world is strongly connected with the type of materials under their use. This paper highlighted the development of nanotechnology in some selected countries of the world through a careful review of their road maps by way of public and private initiatives, funding/investment profile, human resources development, industrial potentials, and focus in order to draw inferences. The peculiar challenges and opportunities for some African nations and other least developed countries (LDC) were drawn for their economic and technological developments. This investigation was simply based on open access literatures. The review showed that although nanotechnology is new globally, most countries of the world have had growing public and private investments aimed at bringing about new materials and systems that can impact positively on their economy and ensure their global competitiveness and sustainability. The global scenario suggests the crucial role of cooperation in a multidisciplinary collaboration/partnership between government ministries, agencies, institutions, and private sector/donor agencies in order to pool enough resource capital required for activities in nanotechnology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Enugu, Nigeria. ikeezema@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ikechukwu C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Ezema
authors.forename: Peter O
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Ogbobe
authors.forename: Augustine D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Omah