title: Perceived risk of HIV infection among deported male injection drug users in Tijuana, Mexico.
abstract: Deported injection drug users (IDUs) in Mexico may be vulnerable to HIV infection following expulsion from the USA. We examined factors associated with HIV risk perception among a sample of deportees in Tijuana. From January to April 2010, 313 male IDUs who reported ever being deported from the USA completed a questionnaire. Overall, 35% (N=110) of deportees perceived HIV risk. In multivariate logistic regression analyses, factors independently associated with HIV risk perception included ever having a steady female partner in Tijuana post-deportation (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.26; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01-5.07) and years spent in a US prison (AOR: 1.29 per year; 95% CI: 1.13-1.48). Conversely, years of drug injection use (AOR: 0.95 per year; 95% CI: 0.91-0.99), ever witnessing family members use drugs prior to first migration trip (AOR: 0.24; 95% CI: 0.09-0.65), years of residence in the USA (AOR: 0.91 per year; 95% CI: 0.84-0.98) and being a Tijuana native (AOR: 0.40; 95% CI: 0.16-0.99) were negatively associated with HIV risk perception. US-Mexico border cities that receive deported migrants should target HIV prevention interventions to specific subgroups, including drug-using male deportees. Interventions should consider migrant's time in the USA, the role of their social networks, and reducing missed opportunities for HIV testing/education.
authors.affiliation: a Division of Global Public Health, Department of Medicine , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pinedo
authors.forename: José Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Burgos
authors.forename: Angela M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.forename: Alicia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vera
authors.forename: Remedios
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lozada
authors.forename: Victoria D
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Ojeda
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D055030:Drug Users / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000523:psychology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico; D016485:Needle Sharing / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000208:ethnology*; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology; D014171:Transients and Migrants / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: HIV risk perception; Mexico; US–Mexico border; deportees; injection drug use; migrants