title: UK Renal Registry 16th annual report: chapter 8 survival and cause of death of UK adult patients on renal replacement therapy in 2012: national and centre-specific analyses.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  These analyses examine: a) survival from the start of renal replacement therapy (RRT); b) survival amongst all prevalent dialysis patients alive on 31st December 2011; c) the cause of death for incident and prevalent patients and d) the projected life years remaining for patients starting RRT. Changes in survival between the 1997 and 2011 cohort are also reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  Survival was calculated for both incident and prevalent patients on RRT. Survival of incident patients (starting RRT during 2011) was calculated both from the start of RRT and from 90 days after starting RRT, both with and without censoring at transplantation. Prevalent dialysis patients were censored at transplantation. Both Kaplan-Meier and Cox adjusted models were used to calculate survival. The relative risk of death was calculated and compared with the UK general population.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The unadjusted 1 year after 90 day survival for patients starting RRT in 2011 was 87.5%, representing an increase from the previous year (87.3%). The age-adjusted one year survival (adjusted to age 60) of prevalent dialysis patients increased from 88.2% in the 2002 cohort to 89.7% in the 2011 cohort. Prevalent diabetic patient one year survival rose from 81.6% in the 2002 cohort to 84.9% in the 2011 cohort. The age-standardised mortality ratio for prevalent RRT patients compared with the general population was 16.6 for age group 35-39 and 2.7 at age 85+ years. In the prevalent RRT dialysis population, cardiovascular disease accounted for 22% of deaths, infection 17% and treatment withdrawal 19%. The median life years remaining for a 25-29 year old on RRT was 18.5 years and approximately 2.5 for a 75+ year old.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Survival of patients starting RRT has improved in the 2011 incident cohort. The relative risk of death on RRT compared with the general population has fallen since 2001.
authors.affiliation: UK Renal Registry, Bristol, UK.
authors.forename: Rishi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pruthi
authors.forename: Retha
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Steenkamp
authors.forename: Terry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Feest
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000847:Annual Reports as Topic; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000401:mortality; D002391:Catchment Area, Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002423:Cause of Death; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007239:Infections / Q000401:mortality; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy*; D008017:Life Expectancy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012042:Registries / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017582:Renal Replacement Therapy / Q000401:mortality*; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology; D028761:Withholding Treatment; D055815:Young Adult