title: Assessment of well water quality in Tsunami affected regions of south-west coast of Kerala, India.
abstract: The quality of well waters, based on 23 parameters of water, at 12 stations of south-west coast of Kerala, India, was assessed during monsoon, 2009 and summer, 2010, to determine their suitability for drinking and other domestic purposes. The stations selected were grouped into four regions viz. least, slightly, moderately and severely affected ones based on the severity of 2004 Asian Tsunami at each station. The depths of wells showed variations depending on the seasons and on their distance from the seacoast. The average water temperatures during monsoon and summer seasons were 28.5 degrees C and 30.2 degrees C respectively. The pH of well waters were below 6.5 in least and slightly affected regions and above this value in moderately and severely affected regions. In all the four regions, the well water parameters of electrical conductivity, hardness, fluoride, free chlorine, copper, zinc, calcium and nickel were below, and phosphorus, lead, iron cadmium and manganese were above the standard permissible levels set for them in drinking water. The values of salinity, sodium and potassium in the well waters of moderately and severely affected regions, and the values of nitrate-nitrogen, nitrate and magnesium in the well waters of severely affected regions were above the permissible limits set for them in drinking water. Water quality index calculated on the basis of drinking water standards revealed that the well waters of least and slightly affected regions were moderately polluted in both monsoon and summer seasons and the same of moderately affected region were excessively polluted during monsoon and severely polluted during summer seasons, whereas the well waters of severely affected regions were severely polluted in both seasons. Suitable recommendations were made to improve the quality of well waters of least and slightly affected regions.
authors.forename: G Achuthan
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.forename: R Pratap
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Chandran
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sukumar
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Santhosh
authors.lastname: Vijayamohanan
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sobha
mesh_terms: D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D007194:India; D057192:Tsunamis; D060753:Water Quality; D014881:Water Supply / Q000032:analysis*