title: The challenge of valve-in-valve procedures in degenerated Mitroflow bioprostheses and the advantage of using the JenaValve transcatheter heart valve.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recently, the feasibility of valve-in-valve procedures using current first-generation transcatheter heart valves (THV) in cases of structural valve degeneration has been reported as an alternative to conventional open repeat valve replacement. By design, certain biological valve xenografts carry a high risk of coronary ostia occlusion due to lateral displacement of leaflets after valve-in-valve procedures. In the present report we aimed to prove feasibility and safety of transapical valve-in-valve implantation of the JenaValve THV in two cases of degenerated Mitroflow bioprostheses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We herein report two cases of successful transapical valve-in-valve procedures using a JenaValve THV implanted in Sorin Mitroflow bioprostheses for structural valve degeneration. Both patients were alive and in good clinical condition at 30 days from the procedure. However, increased transvalvular gradients were noted in both cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transcatheter valve-in-valve implantation of a JenaValve THV is a valid alternative for patients with degenerated Mitroflow bioprostheses of sufficient size and in the presence of short distances to the coronary ostia who are too ill for conventional repeat open heart surgery. Increased pressure gradients have to be expected and weighed against the disadvantages of other treatment options when planning such a procedure.
authors.affiliation: University Heart Center Hamburg, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Lenard
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Conradi
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kloth
authors.forename: Moritz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seiffert
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schirmer
authors.forename: Dietmar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Koschyk
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Blankenberg
authors.forename: Hermann
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Reichenspurner
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Diemert
authors.forename: Hendrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Treede
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001022:Aortic Valve Insufficiency / Q000601:surgery*; D001705:Bioprosthesis; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D065467:Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement / Q000379:methods*