title: Urban groundwater contamination by residues of UV filters.
abstract: The occurrence and fate of UV filters (UV F) in an urban aquifer in correlation with (1) the spatial distribution of UV F in Barcelona's groundwater, (2) the depth of the groundwater sample, (3) the physicochemical properties of the target compounds, (4) the recharge sources, and (5) the redox conditions of the Barcelona aquifers, were studied for the first time. The highest groundwater concentrations and the largest number of detected UV F were observed in an aquifer recharged by a polluted river (around 55 ng/L in SAP-4). In contrast, the urbanized areas had lower concentrations (around 20 ng/L in MPSP-1). Two pathways can be identified for UV F to enter the aquifers: (1) leakage of row sewage from the sewage network in urbanized areas and (2) wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents discharged into the river. Measured concentrations of UV F were significantly much lower than those estimated from the waste water proportion in groundwater samples suggesting that UV F might undergo transformation processes in both reducing and oxidizing conditions.
authors.affiliation: GHS, Department of Geosciences, Institute of Environmental Assessment & Water Research (IDAEA), CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Spain; GHS, Dept Geotechnical Engineering and Geosciences, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, UPC-Barcelona Tech, Jordi Girona 1-3, Barcelona 08034, Spain. Electronic address: sdcqam@cid.csic.es.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jurado
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment & Water Research (IDAEA), CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Spain.
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gago-Ferrero
authors.affiliation: GHS, Department of Geosciences, Institute of Environmental Assessment & Water Research (IDAEA), CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Spain.
authors.forename: Enric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vàzquez-Suñé
authors.affiliation: GHS, Department of Geosciences, Institute of Environmental Assessment & Water Research (IDAEA), CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Spain.
authors.forename: Jesus
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carrera
authors.affiliation: GHS, Department of Geosciences, Institute of Environmental Assessment & Water Research (IDAEA), CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Spain; GHS, Dept Geotechnical Engineering and Geosciences, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, UPC-Barcelona Tech, Jordi Girona 1-3, Barcelona 08034, Spain.
authors.forename: Estanislao
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pujades
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment & Water Research (IDAEA), CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Spain.
authors.forename: M Silvia
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Díaz-Cruz
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment & Water Research (IDAEA), CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Spain; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Emili Grahit, 101, Edifici H2O, Parc Científic i Tecnològic de la Universitat de Girona, Girona 17003, Spain.
authors.forename: Damià
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Barceló
mesh_terms: D002947:Cities; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D060587:Groundwater / Q000032:analysis*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D012722:Sewage; D013030:Spain; D013473:Sunscreening Agents / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D012722:Sewage; D013473:Sunscreening Agents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Aquifer contamination; Redox conditions; Transformation products; UV filters; Urban groundwater