title: Connecting diverse knowledge systems for enhanced ecosystem governance: the multiple evidence base approach.
abstract: Indigenous and local knowledge systems as well as practitioners' knowledge can provide valid and useful knowledge to enhance our understanding of governance of biodiversity and ecosystems for human well-being. There is, therefore, a great need within emerging global assessment programs, such as the IPBES and other international efforts, to develop functioning mechanisms for legitimate, transparent, and constructive ways of creating synergies across knowledge systems. We present the multiple evidence base (MEB) as an approach that proposes parallels whereby indigenous, local and scientific knowledge systems are viewed to generate different manifestations of knowledge, which can generate new insights and innovations through complementarities. MEB emphasizes that evaluation of knowledge occurs primarily within rather than across knowledge systems. MEB on a particular issue creates an enriched picture of understanding, for triangulation and joint assessment of knowledge, and a starting point for further knowledge generation.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tengö
authors.forename: Eduardo S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Brondizio
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Elmqvist
authors.forename: Pernilla
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Malmer
authors.forename: Marja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Spierenburg
mesh_terms: D044822:Biodiversity; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D017753:Ecosystem