title: Haptoglobin genotype and risk of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a study on a Spanish population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Few reports have studied the possible association between the haptoglobin (Hp) genotype and the risk of diabetic nephropathy (DN) in type 1 diabetes (T1D), with conflicting results to date.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study whether the 2-2 Hp genotype is associated with an increased risk of overt DN in a Spanish population with T1D.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a case-control study in a Spanish population.
  
  
  METHODS
  T1D patients with end-stage renal disease (stage 5 of NKF-KDOQI), awaiting reno-pancreatic transplantation or having already been transplanted (reno-pancreatic or renal alone).
  
  
  METHODS
  T1D patients, matched for sex and time of diabetes evolution, with preserved renal function and normal urinary albumin excretion. Hp genotyping was done using polymerase chain reaction and electrophoresis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We included 57 cases and 57 controls in the study. There were no statistically significant differences in gender (70% vs. 61% males, p=1.0) or the duration of diabetes (23.0 ± 6.7 vs. 20.8 ± 9.3 years; p=0.1), although the age of onset of diabetes was lower in the cases (14.1 ± 6.8 vs. 17.7 ± 10.1 years, p=0.03). The frequency of genotypes 1-1, 1-2 and 2-2 was 19.3%, 42.1% and 38.6% in cases and 17.5%, 49.1% and 33.4% in controls, respectively, with no statistically significant differences between groups (p=0.8). Conditional logistic regression analysis showed no significant association between genotype 2-2 of Hp and the development of DN (OR 1.14, CI 0.52-2.52).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our sample of a Spanish population with T1D, no association was found between the Hp genotype and risk of overt DN.
authors.forename: Antonio J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Amor
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Canivell
authors.forename: Josep
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oriola
authors.forename: Maria J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Ricart
authors.forename: Ana M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: de Hollanda
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bosch-Comas
authors.forename: Enric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Esmatjes
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006242:Haptoglobins / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012306:Risk; D013030:Spain
chemical_list: C485359:HP protein, human; D006242:Haptoglobins