title: Maternal Childhood Maltreatment and Offspring Emotional and Behavioral Problems: Maternal and Paternal Mechanisms of Risk Transmission.
abstract: This study examined hostility and harsh discipline of both mothers and fathers as potential mechanisms explaining the association between a maternal maltreatment history and her offspring's internalizing and externalizing problems. Prospective data from fetal life to age 6 were collected from a total of 4,438 families participating in the Generation R Study. Maternal maltreatment was assessed during pregnancy using a self-administered questionnaire. Mothers and fathers each reported on their psychological distress and harsh discipline when the child was 3 years. Children's internalizing and externalizing problems were assessed by parental reports and child interview at age 6. Findings from structural equation modeling showed that the association between a maternal maltreatment history and her offspring's externalizing problems was explained by maternal hostility and harsh discipline and, at least partially, also by paternal hostility and harsh discipline. Child interview data provided support for both these indirect paths, with associations largely similar to those observed for parent reports.
authors.affiliation: The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jolien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rijlaarsdam
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Gonneke W J M
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Pauline W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Jansen
authors.affiliation: The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ank P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Ringoot
authors.affiliation: The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Vincent W V
authors.initials: VW
authors.lastname: Jaddoe
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hofman
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands Departments of Psychiatry, Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA.
authors.forename: Lynsay
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ayer
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Frank C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Verhulst
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands Departments of Psychiatry, Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: James J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Hudziak
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands h.tiemeier@erasmusmc.nl.
authors.forename: Henning
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tiemeier
keywords: child; child maltreatment; cohort studies; fathers; parenting; psychopathology