title: Discovery of Apo-A1 as a potential bladder cancer biomarker by urine proteomics and analysis.
abstract: Bladder cancer is clinically characterized by high recurrent rate and poor prognosis and thereby patients need regular re-examinations which are invasive, unpleasant, and expensive. A noninvasive and less expensive method for detecting and monitoring bladder cancer would thus be advantageous. In this study, by using the two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) approach with subsequent mass spectrometry (MS), we demonstrated the increased expression of apolipoprotein-A1 (Apo-A1) in individual urine from patients with bladder cancer, which was confirmed by Western blot results. A further analysis of the urinary Apo-A1 levels by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay yielded results that were consistent with the Western blot, and suggested Apo-A1 could provide diagnostic utility to distinguish patients with bladder cancer from healthy controls at 19.21 ng/ml. Further validation assay in a larger number of urine samples (n=379) showed that Apo-A1 could be used as a biomarker to diagnosis bladder cancer with a sensitivity and specificity of 89.2% and 84.6% respectively. Moreover, the application of exfoliative urinary cytology in combination with the urine Apo-A1 detection could significantly increased the sensitivity in detecting bladder cancer. Our data showed a significant relationship of expressed Apo-A1 was established between bladder cancer and normal controls. Apo-A1 could be a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of bladder cancer.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Immunity Research Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China. Electronic address: lichangying80@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Changying
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei United University, Tangshan, China.
authors.forename: Hongjie
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Cancer Immunity Research Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Cancer Immunity Research Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Jianmin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Library of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Lingling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Cancer Immunity Research Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China. Electronic address: jwchang_cirl@163.com.
authors.forename: Jiwu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000652:urine*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*; D012372:ROC Curve; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000473:pathology; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor
keywords: Apolipoprotein-A1; Biomarker; Bladder cancer; Diagnosis; Proteomics