title: Heme acts through the Bach1b/Nrf2a-MafK pathway to regulate exocrine peptidase precursor genes in porphyric zebrafish.
abstract: Using a zebrafish model of hepatoerythropoietic porphyria (HEP), we identify a previously unknown mechanism underlying heme-mediated regulation of exocrine zymogens. Zebrafish bach1b, nrf2a and mafK are all expressed in the zebrafish exocrine pancreas. Overexpression of bach1b or knockdown of nrf2a result in the downregulation of the expression of the exocrine zymogens, whereas overexpression of nrf2a or knockdown of bach1b cause their upregulation. In vitro luciferase assays demonstrate that heme activates the zymogens in a dosage-dependent manner and that the zymogen promoter activities require the integral Maf recognition element (MARE) motif. The Bach1b-MafK heterodimer represses the zymogen promoters, whereas the Nrf2a-MafK heterodimer activates them. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays show that MafK binds to the MARE sites in the 5' regulatory regions of the zymogens. Taken together, these data indicate that heme stimulates the exchange of Bach1b for Nrf2a at MafK-occupied MARE sites and that, particularly in heme-deficient porphyria, the repressive Bach1b-MafK heterodimer dominates, which can be exchanged for the activating Nrf2a-MafK heterodimer upon treatment with hemin. These results provide novel insights into the regulation of exocrine function, as well as the pathogenesis of porphyria, and should be useful for designing new therapies for both types of disease.
authors.affiliation: Center for Circadian Clocks, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China. School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Shuqing
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Center for Circadian Clocks, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China. School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Minrui
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Center for Circadian Clocks, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China. School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Center for Circadian Clocks, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China. School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Lili
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Center for Circadian Clocks, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China. School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Yanqing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Center for Circadian Clocks, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China. School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Jingyao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606, USA.
authors.forename: Shuo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Center for Circadian Clocks, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China. School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China. han.wang88@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Han
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D047369:Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; D004792:Enzyme Precursors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D006418:Heme / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D051379:Mice; D008954:Models, Biological; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D059372:Nucleotide Motifs / Q000235:genetics; D046790:Pancreas, Exocrine / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000235:genetics*; D017094:Porphyrias, Hepatic / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D055503:Protein Multimerization; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000235:genetics*; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004792:Enzyme Precursors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins; D006418:Heme; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases
keywords: Bach1b; Heme; MafK; Nrf2a; Porphyria; Zebrafish; Zymogens