title: Fretting and corrosion in modular-neck total hip arthroplasty femoral stems.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  During total hip arthroplasty, use of a modular femoral neck on a stemmed implant allows optimization of neck anteversion, length, and offset, resulting in more accurate balance. We performed a retrospective analysis of a consecutive cohort of patients who had undergone total hip arthroplasty with a modular-neck hip system with ceramic-on-ceramic bearings.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the results in fifteen patients who had received an ABG II dual modular hip system (Stryker Orthopaedics, Mahwah, New Jersey) from May 2007 to August 2008. Anteroposterior radiographs of the pelvis were reviewed and scored with regard to medial calcar erosion. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed to assess for adverse local tissue reaction around the hip joint. Calcar resorption was correlated with subsequent MRI findings. Retrieval analysis was performed on the implants removed at revision.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean duration of follow-up for all patients was 42.3 months (range, thirty-three to sixty months). Cobalt-ion levels were elevated in all patients; chromium levels were within the normal range. Medial femoral calcar erosion was noted in seven of the fifteen cases. All patients with grade-2 or 3 calcar erosion on radiographs had positive MRI findings consistent with adverse local tissue reaction. At the time of writing, seven patients had undergone revision arthroplasty. Intraoperatively, tissue staining with tissue and bone necrosis and pseudotumor formation were observed in all revision cases. Histological analysis confirmed the presence of metal-on-metal synovitis, with changes similar to those seen with metal-on-metal bearings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ABG II dual modular hip system is associated with a high rate of early failure secondary to fretting and corrosion at the femoral neck-stem taper. The component has subsequently been recalled and is no longer in use. Surgeons using modular hip systems with a titanium stem and cobalt-chromium neck should be vigilant about annual follow-up with radiographs, and use of MRIs as indicated.
authors.affiliation: Specialist Orthopaedic Group, Suite 1.08, Level One, 3-9 Gillies Street, Wollstonecraft NSW 2065, Australia.
authors.forename: Dennis O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Molloy
authors.affiliation: Specialist Orthopaedic Group, Suite 1.08, Level One, 3-9 Gillies Street, Wollstonecraft NSW 2065, Australia.
authors.forename: Selin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Munir
authors.affiliation: Specialist Orthopaedic Group, Suite 1.08, Level One, 3-9 Gillies Street, Wollstonecraft NSW 2065, Australia.
authors.forename: Christopher M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Jack
authors.affiliation: Specialist Orthopaedic Group, Suite 1.08, Level One, 3-9 Gillies Street, Wollstonecraft NSW 2065, Australia.
authors.forename: Michael B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Cross
authors.affiliation: Specialist Orthopaedic Group, Suite 1.08, Level One, 3-9 Gillies Street, Wollstonecraft NSW 2065, Australia.
authors.forename: William L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Walter
authors.affiliation: Specialist Orthopaedic Group, Suite 1.08, Level One, 3-9 Gillies Street, Wollstonecraft NSW 2065, Australia.
authors.forename: William K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Walter
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D019644:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip; D002857:Chromium / Q000097:blood; D003035:Cobalt / Q000097:blood; D003343:Corrosion; D005260:Female; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D006622:Hip Prosthesis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D002857:Chromium; D003035:Cobalt