title: Smoking and Pancreatic Disease.
abstract: Smoking is a major risk factor for chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. However, the mechanisms through which it causes the diseases remain unknown. In the present manuscript we reviewed the latest knowledge gained on the effect of cigarette smoke and smoking compounds on cell signaling pathways mediating both diseases. We also reviewed the effect of smoking on the pancreatic cell microenvironment including inflammatory cells and stellate cells.
authors.affiliation: Cedars-Sinai Medical Center & University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
authors.forename: Mouad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Edderkaoui
authors.affiliation: Yale University & VA CT Healthcare, New Haven, USA.
authors.forename: Edwin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Thrower
keywords: Pancreatic Cancer; Pancreatitis; Smoking