title: Residency and specialties training in nutrition: a call for action.
abstract: Despite evidence that nutrition interventions reduce morbidity and mortality, malnutrition, including obesity, remains highly prevalent in hospitals and plays a major role in nearly every major chronic disease that afflicts patients. Physicians recognize that they lack the education and training in medical nutrition needed to counsel their patients and to ensure continuity of nutrition care in collaboration with other health care professionals. Nutrition education and training in specialty and subspecialty areas are inadequate, physician nutrition specialists are not recognized by the American Board of Medical Specialties, and nutrition care coverage by third payers remains woefully limited. This article focuses on residency and fellowship education and training in the United States and provides recommendations for improving medical nutrition education and practice.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Nutrition, Boston Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (CML); the Department of Community Health and Social Medicine, City College of New York, New York, NY (DDD); Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA (BB); University of Texas Medical School, Houston, TX (MSE); the Vanderbilt Center for Human Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (DLS); the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (MMM); University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC (MK); and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (NFK).
authors.forename: Carine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Lenders
authors.forename: Darwin D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Deen
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bistrian
authors.forename: Marilyn S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: Douglas L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Seidner
authors.forename: M Molly
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: McMahon
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kohlmeier
authors.forename: Nancy F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Krebs
mesh_terms: D004501:Education, Medical / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D044623:Nutrition Therapy; D052756:Nutritional Sciences / Q000193:education*; D010820:Physicians; D014481:United States; D000078329:Workforce