title: Serum leptin is associated with metabolic syndrome in obese Mexican subjects.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of metabolic abnormalities including insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, high blood pressure, and abdominal adiposity. Obese patients develop leptin resistance, and an increased waist circumference (WC) due to deposition of abdominal fat. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between circulating leptin levels and MetS among sample adult Mexican workers.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 204 workers aged 20-56 were evaluated. Anthropometric index, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, and lipid profile were measured by spectrophotometric methods. Fasting insulin and leptin were measured by inmunoenzimatic methods. Furthermore, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of MetS according to the ATP-III criteria was 33.8% and leptin concentrations were 2.5 times higher in women than men. Subjects with MetS had higher levels of leptin (26.7 ± 13.7) compared with those without MetS (20.1 ± 13.9; P <0.001). Leptin increased significantly while BMI increased as well (normal 14.0 ± 8.9, overweight 22.7 ± 11.7 and obese 31.4 ± 14.6) in addition to other variables such as WC, HDL-C, insulin levels, and HOMA index. Each component of MetS was stratified by sex and submitted by linear regression with a 95% of accuracy. The 50% and 53% of the BMI is explained by the concentration of leptin in men and women, respectively (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study found that leptin was associated with the MetS, especially in obesity and insulin resistance, indicating a high risk for university workers to develop hypertension, DM2, and cardiovascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Bioquímica clínica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001 Col. Chamilpa, C.P. 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México; CA "Farmacia clínica y diagnostico molecular" Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: García-Jiménez
authors.forename: German
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bernal Fernández
authors.forename: Maria Fernanda
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Martínez Salazar
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Monroy Noyola
authors.forename: Cairo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Toledano Jaimes
authors.forename: Angelica
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Meneses Acosta
authors.forename: Leticia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gonzalez Maya
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Aveleyra Ojeda
authors.forename: Maria A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Terrazas Meraz
authors.forename: Marie-Catherine
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Boll
authors.forename: Miguel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Alemán
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000886:Anthropometry; D001786:Blood Glucose; D001794:Blood Pressure; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D008055:Lipids; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D008800:Mexico; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013057:Spectrum Analysis; D055105:Waist Circumference; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D020738:Leptin; D008055:Lipids
keywords: leptin; metabolic syndrome; obesity