title: Evaluation of the metabolism of glycosaminoglycans in patients with interstitial cystis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis (PBS/IC) pathogenesis is not fully known, but evidence shows that glycosaminoglycans (GAG) of bladder urothelium can participate in its genesis. The loss of these compounds facilitates the contact of urine compounds with deeper portions of bladder wall triggering an inflammatory process. We investigated GAG in urine and tissue of PBS/IC and pure stress urinary incontinence (SUI) patients to better understand its metabolism.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tissue and urine of 11 patients with PBS/IC according to NIDDK criteria were compared to 11 SUI patients. Tissue samples were analyzed by histological, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence methods. Statistical analysis were performed using t Student test and Anova, considering significant when p < 0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PBS/IC patients had lower concentration of GAG in urine when compared to SUI (respectively 0.45 ± 0.11 x 0.62 ± 0.13 mg/mg creatinine, p < 0.05). However, there was no reduction of the content of GAG in the urothelium of both groups. Immunofluorescence showed that PBS/IC patients had a stronger staining of TGF-beta, decorin (a proteoglycan of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate), fibronectin and hyaluronic acid.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  the results suggest that GAG may be related to the ongoing process of inflammation and remodeling of the dysfunctional urothelium that is present in the PBS/IC.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lucon
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: João Roberto
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Katia Ramos Moreira
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Leite
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Soler
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Helena B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Nader
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Srougi
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Homero
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bruschini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D018856:Cystitis, Interstitial / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000652:urine; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008875:Middle Aged; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000473:pathology; D014550:Urinary Incontinence, Stress / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D019459:Urothelium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D003404:Creatinine