title: Immobilized papain on gold nanorods as heterogeneous biocatalysts.
abstract: Papain, a thiol protease present in the latex of Carica papaya, is an enzyme which exhibits broad proteolytic activity, and, for this reason, it is utilized in a variety of industrial applications. Immobilization of papain on gold nanoparticles highly preserves its activity and enhances the stability, allowing the reuse of the linked enzyme many times without any significant loss of its catalytic performance. In particular, kcat and KM values remain substantially unchanged, while immobilized form shows a higher activity on a wider pH range retains 80 % residual activity also at 90 °C and shows higher functionality than the free form when incubated for long time (1 h) at 90 °C and at extreme pH values (3 and 12). A higher activity of immobilized papain with respect to the free form in the presence of various bivalent metal ions, known as strong inhibitors of papain, was also found. The reasons of this enhanced stability of gold nanorods immobilized papain are discussed.
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Homaei
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Barkheh
authors.forename: Reyhaneh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sariri
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stevanato
mesh_terms: D002384:Catalysis; D004795:Enzyme Stability; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D006046:Gold; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D043942:Nanotubes / Q000737:chemistry*; D010206:Papain / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D055672:Static Electricity
chemical_list: D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D006046:Gold; D010206:Papain