title: A comparison among the tissue-specific effects of aging and calorie restriction on TFAM amount and TFAM-binding activity to mtDNA in rat.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mitochondrial Transcription Factor A (TFAM) is regarded as a histone-like protein of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), performing multiple functions for this genome. Aging affects mitochondria in a tissue-specific manner and only calorie restriction (CR) is able to delay or prevent the onset of several age-related changes also in mitochondria.
  
  
  METHODS
  Samples of the frontal cortex and soleus skeletal muscle from 6- and 26-month-old ad libitum-fed and 26-month-old calorie-restricted rats and of the livers from 18- and 28-month-old ad libitum-fed and 28-month-old calorie-restricted rats were used to detect TFAM amount, TFAM-binding to mtDNA and mtDNA content.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found an age-related increase in TFAM amount in the frontal cortex, not affected by CR, versus an age-related decrease in the soleus and liver, fully prevented by CR. The semi-quantitative analysis of in vivo binding of TFAM to specific mtDNA regions, by mtDNA immunoprecipitation assay and following PCR, showed a marked age-dependent decrease in TFAM-binding activity in the frontal cortex, partially prevented by CR. An age-related increase in TFAM-binding to mtDNA, fully prevented by CR, was found in the soleus and liver. MtDNA content presented a common age-related decrease, completely prevented by CR in the soleus and liver, but not in the frontal cortex.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The modulation of TFAM expression, TFAM-binding to mtDNA and mtDNA content with aging and CR showed a trend shared by the skeletal muscle and liver, but not by the frontal cortex counterpart.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aging and CR appear to induce similar mitochondrial molecular mechanisms in the skeletal muscle and liver, different from those elicited in the frontal cortex.
authors.affiliation: Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, Division of Biology of Aging, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Rd, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Picca
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Vito
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pesce
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Flavio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fracasso
authors.affiliation: Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, Division of Biology of Aging, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Rd, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
authors.forename: Anna-Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Joseph
authors.affiliation: Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, Division of Biology of Aging, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Rd, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
authors.forename: Christiaan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Leeuwenburgh
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy. Electronic address: angelamariaserena.lezza@uniba.it.
authors.forename: Angela Maria Serena
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Lezza
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D009928:Organ Specificity; D011485:Protein Binding; D051381:Rats; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; C489030:Tfam protein, rat; D014157:Transcription Factors
keywords: Aging rat; Calorie restriction; Mitochondrial Transcription Factor A; Mitochondrial Transcription Factor A–mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid binding; Tissue-specificity