title: Co-occurrence of antisocial behavior and substance use: testing for sex differences in the impact of older male friends, low parental knowledge and friends' delinquency.
abstract: Delinquency and substance use (SU) are commonly comorbid during adolescence. In the present study we investigate this co-morbidity with 3 main objectives: 1. Evaluate reciprocal relationships between delinquency/SU across early adolescence. 2. Assess the impact of older male friends, low parental knowledge and friends' delinquency on subsequent development and inter-relationships of delinquency and SU. 3. Evaluate sex differences in these relationships. We applied cross-lagged structural equation models to the analysis of a longitudinal sample (n=3699). Findings demonstrated: (1) At ages 13-14 delinquency predicted SU more so than vice versa but effects became equal between ages 14 and 15. (2) Low parental knowledge and friends' delinquency predicted delinquency and SU. Older male friends predicted ASB. (3) Sex differences were present. For example, in the absence of antisocial friends low parent knowledge at age 12 indirectly predicted increased age 15 SU for girls more than boys.
authors.affiliation: MRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK. Electronic address: tom.mcadams@kcl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Tom A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: McAdams
authors.affiliation: Psychology Department, University of Alabama, USA. Electronic address: rsalekin@ua.edu.
authors.forename: Randall T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Salekin
authors.affiliation: Oregon Research Institute, Eugene, OR, USA. Electronic address: nate78701@gmail.com.
authors.forename: C Nathan
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Marti
authors.affiliation: Iowa Depression and Clinical Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA. Electronic address: whitney-lester@uiowa.edu.
authors.forename: Whiney S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Lester
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK. Electronic address: ted.barker@kcl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Edward D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Barker
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000987:Antisocial Personality Disorder / Q000150:complications*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D033062:Friends; D006801:Humans; D007604:Juvenile Delinquency; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents; D010379:Peer Group; D012737:Sex Factors; D012932:Social Facilitation; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: Adolescents; Antisocial behavior; Longitudinal; Parental knowledge; Peers; Substance use