title: Elevated interleukin-32 expression is associated with Helicobacter pylori-related gastritis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Interleukin-32 (IL-32) is a recently discovered proinflammatory cytokine involved in inflammatory diseases. We investigated the expression of IL-32 and its regulation mechanism in the inflammatory response of patients with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  IL-32 mRNA and protein expression in gastric tissues was detected by quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. The regulation of IL-32 in human gastric epithelia cell line AGS was investigated by different cytokine stimulation and different H. pylori strain infection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gastric IL-32 mRNA and protein expression were elevated in patients with H. pylori infection and positively correlated with gastritis. In H. pylori-infected patients, the mRNA level of IL-32 was also correlated with that of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α. In vitro IL-1β and TNF-α could upregulate IL-32 mRNA and protein level in AGS cells, which was dependent on NF-κB signal pathway. The regulation of IL-32 expression in response to H. pylori-infection could be weakened by using neutralizing antibodies to block IL-1β and TNF-α. Moreover, H. pylori-infected AGS cells also induced IL-32 mRNA and protein expression, which was dependent on CagA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IL-32 level is elevated in patients with H. pylori infection and its expression is regulated by proinflammatory stimuli, suggesting that IL-32 may play a role in the pathogenesis of H. pylori-related gastritis.
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.
authors.forename: Liu-Sheng
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhuang
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.
authors.forename: Wen-Hua
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.
authors.forename: Yuan-Yuan
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.
authors.forename: Ting-Ting
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.
authors.forename: Bo-Sheng
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.
authors.forename: Shi-Ming
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: School of Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Wei-San
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.
authors.forename: Quan-Ming
authors.initials: QM
authors.lastname: Zou
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D002460:Cell Line; D005260:Female; D005756:Gastritis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D007378:Interleukins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C496971:IL32 protein, human; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D007378:Interleukins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha