title: Evaluation of anxiety and depressive levels in tinnitus patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims of this study were to evaluate the relationship between tinnitus and the level of anxiety and depression experienced by subjective tinnitus patients, and to determine the effect of the level of anxiety and depression to the results of tinnitus treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 104 patients were included in this study. All the patients conducted Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), State Trait Anxiety Inventory 1, 2 (STAI 1, 2) to evaluate their psychometric properties. The subjective patterns of tinnitus before and after treatment were assessed through questionnaires.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant correlation between THI scores and BDI, STAI 1, 2 scores were observed in the moderate and severe tinnitus group. The patients were classified into two groups depending on their THI scores, and also classified into two groups according to BDI, STAI 1, 2 results. Analysis of differences after treatment indicated significantly improved VAS scores after treatment in all groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The subjective level of tinnitus is significantly related with depression and anxiety symptoms when inconvenience caused by tinnitus was moderate or over. Assessments on tinnitus after treatment appeared to have improved significantly regardless of the severity of tinnitus, level of depression or anxiety disorder.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolayrngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Chang Gun
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolayrngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Jun Hyuk
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolayrngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Jun
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolayrngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Kyeong
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolayrngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Bo Hae
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Kim
keywords: Anxiety disorder; Depression; Tinnitus