title: An exploratory study of microbial diversity in sinus infections of cystic fibrosis patients by molecular methods.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  For the first time microorganisms in CF sinuses are investigated by molecular methods in response to an absence of anaerobes in CF sinus samples during a two-year period at the Copenhagen CF center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Endoscopic sinus surgery was performed in 19 CF patients. DNA from intact bacterial cells was investigated by 16S rRNA gene analysis and quantitative PCR. Results were compared to culture-dependent routine diagnosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Molecular methods showed a large microbial diversity, which included undetected anaerobes that may play a pathogenic role. Importantly, the culture methods did not always detect known CF pathogens. Quantitative PCR showed generally a higher abundance of classic CF pathogens e.g. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus compared with the anaerobe Propionibacterium acnes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that the culture methods in some cases may not be suitable as stand-alone method for this patient group, as diversity may be underestimated and important species undetected.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Environmental Engineering, Aalborg University, Sohngaardholmsvej 49, DK-9000 Aalborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Vibeke Børsholt
authors.initials: VB
authors.lastname: Rudkjøbing
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Kasper
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aanaes
authors.affiliation: Life Science Division, Danish Technological Institute, Kongsvang Allé 29, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
authors.forename: Tine Yding
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Wolff
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: von Buchwald
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Juliane Maries Vej 22, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Helle Krogh
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Johansen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Environmental Engineering, Aalborg University, Sohngaardholmsvej 49, DK-9000 Aalborg, Denmark; Life Science Division, Danish Technological Institute, Kongsvang Allé 29, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. Electronic address: trt@teknologisk.dk.
authors.forename: Trine Rolighed
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Thomsen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001420:Bacteria, Aerobic / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D001421:Bacteria, Anaerobic / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000628:therapy; D002648:Child; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D003718:Denmark; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D015723:Gene Library; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000601:surgery; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
keywords: Anaerobes; Culture; Molecular methods; Sinuses