title: Perceptions of risk among childhood and young adult cancer survivors who smoke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Despite the fact that childhood and young adult cancer survivors are at increased risk for chronic health problems as a result of their cancer treatment, many use tobacco, thereby increasing their risks. Perceptions of risk related to tobacco use can be targeted for interventions aimed at improving health behaviors for childhood, adolescent, and young adult cancer survivors. Understanding the covariates of perceptions of health risks among young adult survivors who smoke will help to determine targets for intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred seventy-four participants who were diagnosed with cancer prior to age 35, currently between 18 and 55 years of age, and current smokers were recruited as part of a larger smoking cessation study, Partnership for Health-2 (PFH-2). Data were collected by telephone survey.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, women had the highest perception of risk for serious health problems, a second cancer, and heart problems. Additionally, those participants who were dependent on nicotine endorsed that they were at higher risk of serious health problems and second cancers, but not heart problems. Finally, Hodgkin lymphoma survivors reported that they were at increased risk for second cancers and heart problems compared to their “healthy” peers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Young adult cancer survivors who smoke correctly perceived some of their increased health risks. Additional motivation and education is needed for those young adult cancer survivors who perceive their increased health risks yet continue to smoke. Further education is needed for young survivors so they have a fully appropriate sense of risk, especially as it relates to their tobacco use.
authors.forename: Jennifer S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Ford
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Puleo
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sprunck-Harrild
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: deMoor
authors.forename: Karen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Emmons
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology*; D010465:Perception; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017741:Survivors / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult