title: Effectiveness of EEG-Biofeedback on Attentiveness, Working Memory and Quantitative Electroencephalography on Reading Disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cognitive factors are the important correlates of reading disorder and their impairments are established in children with reading disorder. Neurofeedback as an intervention has been reported to be useful in improvement of cognitive deficits. The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of this treatment on attentiveness and working memory and related electroencephalographic (EEG) changes in children with reading disorder.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this single subject study, six children with reading disorder aged 8-10 years old completed twenty 30-minunt sessions of treatment. Continuous performance task, the digit span subscale of the 3(rd) edition of Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-III) and quantitative electroencephalography were used to evaluate the changes at pre and post-treatment. The data were evaluated by visual inspection of the graph, the mean percentage improvement and signal detection measures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed improvements in attention and working memory. Furthermore, EEG analysis did not show notable changes in the power of the targeted bands (delta, theta, and beta), rather the normalization of coherence was explicit in theta band at T3-T4, delta band at Cz-Fz, beta band at Cz-Fz, Cz-Pz and Cz-C4.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These significant changes in coherence are possible indications of the connectivity between frontal and posterior association and integration between sensory and motor areas that explain the improvements in attention and working memory.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  None.
authors.affiliation: Psychologist, PhD Student, Department of Psychology, School of Psychology, The University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Elnaz
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mosanezhad Jeddi
authors.affiliation: Neuroscientist, Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, School of Psychology,The University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Nazari
keywords: Coherence; Neurofeedback Training; Reading Disorder