title: Factors predicting adverse short-term outcomes in patients with acute cholangitis undergoing ERCP: A single center experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify potential factors that can predict adverse short-term outcomes in patients with acute cholangitis undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of consecutive patients admitted to our center for acute cholangitis and underwent ERCP from 2001 to 2012. Involvement of two or more organ systems was termed as organ failure (OF). Cardiovascular failure was defined based on a systolic blood pressure of < 90 mmHg despite fluid replacement and/or requiring vasopressor treatment; respiratory failure if the Pa02/Fi02 ratio was < 300 mmHg and/or required mechanical ventilation; coagulopathy if the platelet count was < 80; and renal insufficiency if serum creatinine was > 1.9 mg/dL. Variables associated with short term adverse clinical outcomes defined as persistent OF and/or 30-d mortality was determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 172 patients (median age 62 years, 56.4% female) were included. The median door to ERCP time was 17 h. Bile duct stones were the most common etiology (n = 67, 39.2%). In multivariate analysis, factors that were independently associated with persistent OF and/or 30-d mortality included American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) physical classification score > 3 (OR = 7.70; 95%CI: 2.73-24.40), presence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (OR = 3.67; 95%CI: 1.34-10.3) and door to ERCP time greater than 72 h (OR = 3.36; 95%CI: 1.12-10.20). Door to ERCP time greater than 72 h was also associated with 70% increase in the mean length of stay (P < 0.001). Every one point increase in the ASA physical classification and every 1 mg/dL increase in the pre-ERCP bilirubin level was associated with a 34% and 2% increase in the mean length of hospital stay, respectively. Transfer status did not impact clinical outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher ASA physical classification and delays in ERCP are associated with adverse clinical outcomes and prolonged length of hospital stay in patients with acute cholangitis undergoing ERCP.
authors.affiliation: Udayakumar Navaneethan, Norma G Gutierrez, Ramprasad Jegadeesan, Preethi GK Venkatesh, Madhusudhan R Sanaka, John J Vargo, Mansour A Parsi, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States.
authors.forename: Udayakumar
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Navaneethan
authors.affiliation: Udayakumar Navaneethan, Norma G Gutierrez, Ramprasad Jegadeesan, Preethi GK Venkatesh, Madhusudhan R Sanaka, John J Vargo, Mansour A Parsi, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States.
authors.forename: Norma G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Gutierrez
authors.affiliation: Udayakumar Navaneethan, Norma G Gutierrez, Ramprasad Jegadeesan, Preethi GK Venkatesh, Madhusudhan R Sanaka, John J Vargo, Mansour A Parsi, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States.
authors.forename: Ramprasad
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jegadeesan
authors.affiliation: Udayakumar Navaneethan, Norma G Gutierrez, Ramprasad Jegadeesan, Preethi GK Venkatesh, Madhusudhan R Sanaka, John J Vargo, Mansour A Parsi, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States.
authors.forename: Preethi Gk
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Venkatesh
authors.affiliation: Udayakumar Navaneethan, Norma G Gutierrez, Ramprasad Jegadeesan, Preethi GK Venkatesh, Madhusudhan R Sanaka, John J Vargo, Mansour A Parsi, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States.
authors.forename: Madhusudhan R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Sanaka
authors.affiliation: Udayakumar Navaneethan, Norma G Gutierrez, Ramprasad Jegadeesan, Preethi GK Venkatesh, Madhusudhan R Sanaka, John J Vargo, Mansour A Parsi, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States.
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Vargo
authors.affiliation: Udayakumar Navaneethan, Norma G Gutierrez, Ramprasad Jegadeesan, Preethi GK Venkatesh, Madhusudhan R Sanaka, John J Vargo, Mansour A Parsi, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States.
authors.forename: Mansour A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Parsi
keywords: Cholangitis; Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; Outcomes