title: Parental role modeling of fruits and vegetables at meals and snacks is associated with children's adequate consumption.
abstract: Research has shown that parental role modeling of healthful eating behaviors is positively correlated to children's dietary intake and fruit and vegetable (F&V) preferences. The purpose of this study is to (1) examine associations between parent and child report of parental role modeling of F&V consumption at snacks and dinner and (2) determine whether parental role modeling is associated with children meeting daily F&V recommendations. Parent-child dyads (N = 160) participating in the HOME Plus study completed baseline surveys on parental role modeling of F&V at snacks and dinner. Children also completed 24-hour dietary recalls. Spearman correlations and chi-square/Fisher's exact tests were used to examine relationships between parent and child report of parental role modeling of F&V at snacks and dinner and whether children met daily recommendations. On average, children consumed less than three daily servings of F&V with only 23% consuming the recommended servings. Statistically significant correlations were seen between parent and child report of parental role modeling fruit at dinner and green salad at dinner. Children who reported parental role modeling of vegetables at snack and salad at dinner were significantly more likely, than those who did not, to meet daily F&V recommendations. Parents who reported role modeling fruit at snack were significantly more likely to have children who met daily F&V recommendations. Results indicate that children are aware of their parents' eating behaviors and on occasion report this behavior similarly to their parents. Parents should be encouraged to utilize the opportunity to role model healthful dietary intake, especially at snacks, where consumption of F&V appears low.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. Electronic address: parke511@umn.edu.
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Draxten
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
authors.forename: Jayne A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Fulkerson
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Friend
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
authors.forename: Colleen F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Flattum
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schow
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D002149:Energy Intake; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005518:Food Preferences; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D062407:Meals; D008875:Middle Aged; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D016487:Parenting; D010290:Parents; D062410:Snacks; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014675:Vegetables
keywords: Child nutrition; Family meals; Fruit and vegetable; Parent; Role modeling; Snacks