title: Serum from patients with systemic vasculitis induces alternatively activated macrophage M2c polarization.
abstract: Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody associated vasculitides (AAV) are conditions defined by an autoimmune small vessel inflammation. Dying neutrophils are found around the inflamed vessels and the balance between infiltrating neutrophils and macrophages is important to prevent autoimmunity. Here we investigate how sera from AAV patients may regulate macrophage polarization and function. Macrophages from healthy individuals were differentiated into M0, M1, M2a, M2b or M2c macrophages using a standardized protocol, and phenotyped according to their expression surface markers and cytokine production. These phenotypes were compared with those of macrophages stimulated with serum from AAV patients or healthy controls. While the healthy control sera induced a M0 macrophage, AAV serum promoted polarization towards the M2c subtype. No sera induced M1, M2a or M2b macrophages. The M2c subtype showed increased phagocytosis capacity compared with the other subtypes. The M2c polarization found in AAV is consistent with previous reports of increased levels of M2c-associated cytokines.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences in Lund, Section of Nephrology, Lund University, BMC B13, 221 84 Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Susanne M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Ohlsson
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences in Lund, Section of Rheumatology, Lund University, Lund University Hospital, 221 85 Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Carl Petrus
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Linge
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine in Lund, Section of MIG, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Birgitta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gullstrand
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences in Lund, Section of Rheumatology, Lund University, Lund University Hospital, 221 85 Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lood
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Section of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Asa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences in Lund, Section of Nephrology, Lund University, BMC B13, 221 84 Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohlsson
authors.affiliation: BioInvent International, Sölvegatan 41, 223 70 Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lundqvist
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences in Lund, Section of Rheumatology, Lund University, Lund University Hospital, 221 85 Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Anders A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Bengtsson
authors.affiliation: BioInvent International, Sölvegatan 41, 223 70 Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Fredric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Carlsson
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences in Lund, Section of Nephrology, Lund University, BMC B13, 221 84 Lund, Sweden. Electronic address: Thomas.Hellmark@med.lu.se.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hellmark
mesh_terms: D019268:Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic / Q000276:immunology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D015551:Autoimmunity / Q000276:immunology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000276:immunology; D002460:Cell Line; D016764:Cell Polarity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000276:immunology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000276:immunology; D010641:Phenotype; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D056647:Systemic Vasculitis / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology*; D000076202:c-Mer Tyrosine Kinase
chemical_list: D019268:Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic; D016207:Cytokines; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; C097072:MERTK protein, human; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D000076202:c-Mer Tyrosine Kinase
keywords: ANCA; IL-10; IL-12; Macrophage polarization; Macrophages; Systemic vasculitis