title: ZnO nanoparticles induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in HepG2 and MCF-7 cancer cells and their antibacterial activity.
abstract: Liver and breast cancer are the most traumatic diseases because they affect the major organs of the body. Nanomedicine recently emerged as a better option for the treatment of these deadly diseases. As a result, many nanoparticles have been used to treat cancer cell lines. Of the various nanoparticles, zinc oxide exhibits biocompatibility. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) against HepG2 and MCF-7 cells. The NPs (∼13±2 nm) were prepared via a non-protonated chemical route and were well-characterized through standard techniques. The study showed that treatment with NPs is notably effective against the proliferation of HepG2 and MCF-7 cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. The MTT (3-(4,5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide, a tetrazole) assays revealed the concentration-dependent cytotoxic effects of NPs in range of 2.5-100 μg/ml. HepG2 and MCF-7 cells were exposed to ZnO-NPs and exhibited a significant reduction in their cell viability (95% and 96%; p<0.05) in response to a very low concentration (25 μg/ml) of the ZnO-NPs; this finding was confirmed with FACS (fluorescence-activated cell sorting) data. The reduction in cell viability in response to NP treatment induces cytotoxicity in the cultured cells. The quantitative RT-PCR (real-time polymerase chain reaction) results demonstrate that the exposure of HepG2 cells to ZnO-NPs results in significant upregulation of the mRNA expression level of Bax, p53, and caspase-3 and the down regulation of the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2. The NPs were also tested against five pathogenic bacteria through the disk diffusion method, and their antibacterial activities were compared with that of ZnO salt.
authors.affiliation: A.R. Al-Jeraisy Chair for DNA Research, College of Science, Department of Zoology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: rwahab05@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Rizwan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wahab
authors.affiliation: A.R. Al-Jeraisy Chair for DNA Research, College of Science, Department of Zoology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Maqsood A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Siddiqui
authors.affiliation: A.R. Al-Jeraisy Chair for DNA Research, College of Science, Department of Zoology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Quaiser
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Saquib
authors.affiliation: A.R. Al-Jeraisy Chair for DNA Research, College of Science, Department of Zoology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Sourabh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dwivedi
authors.affiliation: A.R. Al-Jeraisy Chair for DNA Research, College of Science, Department of Zoology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Javed
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India.
authors.forename: Javed
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Musarrat
authors.affiliation: A.R. Al-Jeraisy Chair for DNA Research, College of Science, Department of Zoology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Abdulaziz A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Al-Khedhairy
authors.affiliation: Energy Materials and Surface Science Laboratory, Solar Energy Research Centre, School of Chemical Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyung-Shik
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Shin
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010316:Particle Size; D011419:Propidium / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011419:Propidium; D015034:Zinc Oxide
keywords: Flow cytometry; HepG2 and MCF-7 cancer cells; MTT; X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD); ZnO nanoparticles