title: Being white helps: intersections of self-concealment, stigmatization, identity formation, and psychological distress in racial and sexual minority women.
abstract: This study had two objectives: (1) examine the impact of self-concealment on identity formation and on degree of psychological distress and (2) examine the impact of perceived stigma on identity formation and on degree of psychological distress. Analyses were conducted on a diverse sample of 166 women, ages 18-32 (white lesbian, non-white lesbian, white heterosexual, and non-white heterosexual). Findings revealed that self-concealment was positively associated with psychological distress in stigmatized women, but unrelated to psychological distress in the non-stigmatized group. Furthermore, although perceived stigma negatively impacted identity formation in the heterosexual groups, it did not impact either group of lesbians. Finally, non-white heterosexual women's perception of stigma was associated with psychological distress. Implications and specific psychological health disparities between groups are discussed.
authors.affiliation: a Psychology Department , Long Island University , Brooklyn , New York , USA.
authors.forename: Shannon L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: McIntyre
authors.forename: Erica A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Antonucci
authors.forename: Sara C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Haden
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D018452:Homosexuality, Female / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008913:Minority Groups / Q000523:psychology; D012933:Social Identification; D013240:Stereotyping; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology*; D044465:White People / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult