title: Destructive septic arthritis of shoulder in adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Late sequelae of septic arthritis of the glenohumeral joint are very rare and represent a potentially devastating condition that can result in irreversible changes at the level of joint and surrounding soft tissues.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 2001 and December 2010, ten patients were treated at our institution for late sequelae of septic arthritis of the shoulder. There were eight men and two women with a mean age of 67.9 years (range 62-74 years). Eight of ten patients had previously received three or more intra-articular or subacromial injections. Surgical treatment consisted of open joint debridement, humeral head resection and implantation of an antibiotic spacer followed by a 6-8-week course of intravenous antibiotics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  White blood cell count, C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate normalized between 6 and 8 weeks postoperatively in all patients. No recurrent infection was observed in any patient. Postoperatively, the mean Constant score was 37 (range 28-46) and mean DASH score was 54 (range 40-69), demonstrating a very limited function in these patients. There was a trend toward improved outcome scores in patients who underwent early surgical debridement. Five patients underwent delayed reconstruction with a reverse shoulder prosthesis, and at minimum 1-year follow-up, the mean Constant score was 56 (range 47-69) and mean DASH score was 33 (31-38).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Antibiotic spacers are able to deliver antibiotics locally to the infected tissue while reducing the dead space and stabilizing the glenohumeral joint. An early, aggressive management of the infection is essential to maximize clinical outcomes and avoid either significant destruction or ankylosis of the shoulder joint.
authors.affiliation: Shoulder Service Hospital F. Miulli, Acquaviva delle fonti, BA, Italy. raffaelegarofalo@gmail.com.|, Via Padova 13, 70029, Santeramo in Colle, BA, Italy. raffaelegarofalo@gmail.com.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Garofalo
authors.affiliation: Shoulder Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Flanagin
authors.affiliation: Shoulder Unit, Humanitas Institute, IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cesari
authors.affiliation: Shoulder Unit, Humanitas Institute, IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vinci
authors.affiliation: Shoulder Unit, Humanitas Institute, IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Conti
authors.affiliation: Shoulder Unit, Humanitas Institute, IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Castagna
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001170:Arthritis, Infectious / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy*; D003646:Debridement / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015552:Injections, Intralesional; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: Antibiotic spacer; Glenohumeral joint; Infection; Septic arthritis