title: Improved neuroprotective effects by combining Bacopa monnieri and Rosmarinus officinalis supercritical CO2 extracts.
abstract: Ethnobotanical evidence suggests that herbs such as brahmi (Bacopa monnieri) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) may possess antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. We compared the antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of supercritical extract of Bacopa monnieri and rosemary antioxidant extract obtained from Rosmarinus officinalis as well as their combination to examine the effects on human glial (U-87 MG) and embryonic mouse hypothalamus cells. Bacopa monnieri extract, rosemary antioxidant extract, and their combination (1:1) are not cytotoxic in both glial and embryonic mouse hypothalamus cell lines up to 200 μg/mL concentration. The combination of extracts of Bacopa monnieri + rosemary antioxidant has better antioxidant potential and antilipid peroxidation activity than either agent alone. Although the extract of Bacopa monnieri + rosemary antioxidant showed almost similar inhibition of phospho tau expression as Bacopa monnieri or rosemary antioxidant extract alone, the combination has better inhibitory effect on amyloid precursor protein synthesis and higher brain-derived neurotrophic factor production in hypothalamus cells than single agents. These results suggest that the extract of Bacopa monnieri + rosemary antioxidant is more neuroprotective than Bacopa monnieri or rosemary antioxidant extract.
authors.affiliation: Dharma Biomedical LLC, Miami, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Cheppail
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ramachandran
authors.forename: Karl-Werner
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Quirin
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Escalon
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Melnick
mesh_terms: D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D034681:Bacopa / Q000737:chemistry*; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D006801:Humans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D027542:Rosmarinus / Q000737:chemistry*; D016875:tau Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D016875:tau Proteins
keywords: amyloid precursor protein; antilipid peroxidation activity; antioxidant activity; brahmi; brain-derived neurotrophic factor; neuroprotection; rosemary; supercritical extract; tau protein