title: Analysis of essential pathways for self-renewal in common marmoset embryonic stem cells.
abstract: Common marmoset (CM) is widely recognized as a useful non-human primate for disease modeling and preclinical studies. Thus, embryonic stem cells (ESCs) derived from CM have potential as an appropriate cell source to test human regenerative medicine using human ESCs. CM ESCs have been established by us and other groups, and can be cultured in vitro. However, the growth factors and downstream pathways for self-renewal of CM ESCs are largely unknown. In this study, we found that basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) rather than leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) promoted CM ESC self-renewal via the activation of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (AKT) pathway on mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) feeders. Moreover, bFGF and transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling pathways cooperatively maintained the undifferentiated state of CM ESCs under feeder-free condition. Our findings may improve the culture techniques of CM ESCs and facilitate their use as a preclinical experimental resource for human regenerative medicine.
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular and Clinical Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Takenobu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nii
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular and Clinical Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan ; Department of Advanced Molecular and Cell Therapy, Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomotoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Marumoto
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular and Clinical Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirotaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawano
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular and Clinical Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Saori
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular and Clinical Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Jiyuan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular and Clinical Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Michiyo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.affiliation: Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-0001, Japan ; Keio Advanced Research Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular and Clinical Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular and Clinical Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan ; Department of Advanced Molecular and Cell Therapy, Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenzaburo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tani
keywords: AKT, protein kinase B; CM, common marmoset; Common marmoset; EB, embryoid body; ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase; ESCs, embryonic stem cells; Embryonic stem cells; EpiSCs, epiblast stem cells; FCM, flow cytometry; JAK, janus kinase; KSR, knockout serum replacement; LIF, leukemia inhibitory factor; MEFs, mouse embryonic fibroblasts; MEK, mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase; RT-PCR, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction; SMAD2/3, mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2/3; STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; Self-renewal; TGFβ; TGFβ, transforming growth factor β; bFGF; bFGF, basic fibroblast growth factor; iPSCs, induced pluripotent stem cells