title: Point of care ultrasonography for position of tip of endotracheal tube in neonates.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare ultrasonography with chest radiograph to detect the level of endotracheal tube tip in intubated neonates.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational.
  
  
  METHODS
  Neonatal care unit of a teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  53 neonates selected by convenience sampling.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ultrasonography of chest was done with probe of 5 to 8 MHz using high parasternal view. The distance of the endotracheal tube tip to the arch of aorta on ultrasonography was compared with level of endotracheal tube tip in radiograph.
  
  
  METHODS
  Distance of endotracheal tube tip from the upper border of the arch of aorta on ultrasonography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Endotracheal tube tip was visualised on ultrasonography within 0.5 - 1.0 cm distance from upper border of arch of aorta in 48 out of 53 neonates. This corresponded with the normal position of endotracheal tip in radiograph at T2 to T3. In 5 neonates, endotracheal tube tip was not visualized on ultrasonography and in all these newborns it was at higher level in radiograph.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Distance of endotracheal tip to arch of aorta as measured on ultrasonography is helpful in early identification of the level of endotracheal tube tip.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pediatrics and *Physiology, Pramukhswami Medical College, Karamsad, Anand, Gujarat. Correspondence to: Dr Somashekhar Nimbalkar, Department of Pediatrics, Pramukhswami Medical College, Karamsad, Anand, Gujarat, India. 388 325. somu_somu@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Ankur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sethi
authors.forename: Archana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nimbalkar
authors.forename: Dipen
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kungwani
authors.forename: Somashekhar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nimbalkar
mesh_terms: D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D019095:Point-of-Care Systems; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic; D014132:Trachea / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014463:Ultrasonography