title: Optimal management of shoulder impingement syndrome.
abstract: Shoulder impingement is a progressive orthopedic condition that occurs as a result of altered biomechanics and/or structural abnormalities. An effective nonoperative treatment for impingement syndrome is aimed at addressing the underlying causative factor or factors that are identified after a complete and thorough evaluation. The clinician devises an effective rehabilitation program to regain full glenohumeral range of motion, reestablish dynamic rotator cuff stability, and implement a progression of resistive exercises to fully restore strength and local muscular endurance in the rotator cuff and scapular stabilizers. The clinician can introduce stresses and forces via sport-specific drills and functional activities to allow a return to activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, California State University, Sacramento, CA, USA ; Andrews Research and Education Institute, Gulf Breeze, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Rafael F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Escamilla
authors.affiliation: Drayer Physical Therapy Institute, Columbus, MS, USA.
authors.forename: Todd R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Hooks
authors.affiliation: Champion Sports Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA.
authors.forename: Kevin E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Wilk
keywords: internal impingement; overhead athlete; rehabilitation; rotator cuff impingement; shoulder