title: Development and phytochemical characterization of high polyphenol red lettuce with anti-diabetic properties.
abstract: Polyphenol-rich Rutgers Scarlet Lettuce (RSL) (Lactuca sativa L.) was developed through somaclonal variation and selection in tissue culture. RSL may contain among the highest reported contents of polyphenols and antioxidants in the category of common fruits and vegetables (95.6 mg/g dry weight and 8.7 mg/g fresh weight gallic acid equivalents and 2721 µmol/g dry weight and 223 µmol/g fresh weight Trolox equivalents). Three main compounds accumulate at particularly high levels in RSL: chlorogenic acid, up to 27.6 mg/g dry weight, cyanidin malonyl-glucoside, up to 20.5 mg/g dry weight, and quercetin malonyl-glucoside, up to 35.7 mg/g dry weight. Major polyphenolic constituents of RSL have been associated with health promotion as well as anti-diabetic and/or anti-inflammatory activities. Daily oral administration of RSL (100 or 300 mg/kg) for up to eight days acutely reduced hyperglycemia and improved insulin sensitivity in high fat diet-induced obese hyperglycemic mice compared to vehicle (water) control. Data presented here support possible use of RSL as a functional food for the dietary management of diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America.
authors.forename: Diana M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America.
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pogrebnyak
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kuhn
authors.affiliation: Complete Phytochemical Solutions, Cambridge, Wisconsin, United States of America.
authors.forename: Christian G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Krueger
authors.affiliation: Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America.
authors.forename: William D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America.
authors.forename: Ilya
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Raskin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000737:chemistry; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000737:chemistry; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D018545:Lactuca / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010641:Phenotype; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D000975:Antioxidants; D001786:Blood Glucose; D005419:Flavonoids; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols; C017154:cyanidin