title: Ornamental fish as a source of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes and antibiotic resistance plasmids.
abstract: Growing ornamental fish industry is associated with public health concerns including extensive antibiotic use accompanied by increasing antibiotic resistance. The aim of this study was to analyze Aeromonas isolates from imported tropical ornamental fish and coldwater koi carps bred in the Czech Republic to assess the potential risk of ornamental fish as a source of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes (PMQR) and antibiotic resistance plasmids. A collection of Aeromonas spp. with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (MIC ≥ 0.05 mg/L) was selected for the detection of PMQR genes. Isolates harbouring PMQR genes were further analyzed for the additional antibiotic resistance, integron content, clonality, biofilm production and transferability of PMQR genes by conjugation and transformation. Comparative analysis of plasmids carrying PMQR genes was performed. Fifteen (19%, n=80) isolates from koi carps and 18 (24%, n=76) isolates from imported ornamental fish were positive for qnrS2, aac(6')-Ib-cr or qnrB17 genes. PMQR-positive isolates from imported ornamental fish showed higher MIC levels to quinolones, multiresistance and diverse content of antibiotic resistance genes and integrons compared to the isolates from the carps. Related IncU plasmids harbouring qnrS2 and aac(6')-Ib-cr genes were found in Aeromonas spp. from imported ornamental fish and koi carps from various geographical areas. Ornamental fish may represent a potential source of multiresistant bacteria and mobile genetic elements for the environment and for humans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1/3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic; CEITEC VFU, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1/3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Hana
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dobiasova
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1/3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Iva
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kutilova
authors.affiliation: South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Veronika
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Piackova
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Tomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vesely
authors.affiliation: CEITEC VFU, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1/3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Alois
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cizek
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1/3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic; CEITEC VFU, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1/3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic. Electronic address: m.dolejska@centrum.cz.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dolejska
mesh_terms: D000333:Aeromonas / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D017756:Aquaculture; D001483:Base Sequence; D015139:Blotting, Southern / Q000662:veterinary; D002347:Carps / Q000382:microbiology*; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D018153:Czech Republic; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000235:genetics / Q000662:veterinary*; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000662:veterinary; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D017931:DNA Primers; D002939:Ciprofloxacin
keywords: Aeromonas; Ornamental fish; Plasmids; Quinolone resistance