title: Gastrodia elata Blume alleviates L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia by normalizing FosB and ERK activation in a 6-OHDA-lesioned Parkinson's disease mouse model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gastrodia elata Blume (GEB), commonly used medicinal herb, has been reported as a promising candidate for neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease. The dopamine precursor, L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA), is the gold-standard drug for Parkinson's disease, but long-term treatment results in the L-dopa-induced dyskinesia (LID). This study was undertaken to examine the beneficial effects of GEB on L-DOPA induced dyskinesia in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced experimental Parkinsonism.
  
  
  METHODS
  We tested the effects of GEB on LID in 6-hydroxydopamine hydrochloride-hemiparkinsonian mice. To analyze the dyskinetic anomalies, we measured abnormal involuntary movement (AIM). Immunohistological analyses of pERK and FosB expressions in the striatum are performed to explore the mechanism of GEB on LID.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The finding of this study demonstrated that GEB (200, 400 and 800 mg/kg) alleviated L-dopa induced AIMs in a dose-dependent manner. In each integrative AIM subtype analysis, we also found that the GEB (400 and 800 mg/kg) treatment decreased L-DOPA-induced axial, limb, orolingual, and locomotive AIMs compared to the LID group. In addition, GEB normalized the abnormal LID-induced increase of pERK1/2 and FosB, the immediate early genes of LID in the striatum.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, our results provide a novel insight into the pharmacological actions of GEB that could have a benefit for PD patients through the reduction of LID.
authors.forename: Ah-Reum
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Doo
authors.forename: Seung-Nam
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Dae-Hyun
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Hahm
authors.forename: Hye Hyun
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: Ji-Yeun
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Hyejung
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Songhee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.forename: Jongpil
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Studies of Translational Acupuncture Research (STAR), Acupuncture & Meridian Science Research Center (AMSRC), Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea. happyomd@khu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Seong-Uk
authors.initials: SU
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Hi-Joon
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism; D004409:Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D031668:Gastrodia; D007980:Levodopa / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D016627:Oxidopamine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D020734:Parkinsonian Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C483819:Fosb protein, mouse; D010936:Plant Extracts; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D007980:Levodopa; D016627:Oxidopamine; D004298:Dopamine