title: The antibacterial activity of traditionally used Salvadora persica L. (miswak) and Commiphora gileadensis (palsam) in Saudi Arabia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nowadays there is a need to find naturally occurring substances from plants with antimicrobial activity as an alternative to available used antibiotics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Salvadora persica (miswak) and Commiphora gileadensis were collected, dried and extracted with either methanol or warm water and the obtained extracts were assessed for their antibacterial activity against 5 different genera of bacteria using agar well diffusion method. The tested bacteria included some human pathogens.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The obtained extracts exhibited considerable inhibitory effects against all the tested bacteria with various degrees of growth inhibition. It was shown that methanol extract was more effective compared to water extracts. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the methanol extracts ranged from 50-100 °g/ml. No toxicity was found using Artimia salina as test organism and no antitumor activity against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  S. persica and C. gileadensis showed moderate to high inhibitory activity on pathogenic bacteria with no toxicity and can be used traditionally as alternative medicine.
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 12161, Jeddah 21473, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Abdulbasit I I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Al-sieni
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D029744:Commiphora; D006801:Humans; D008519:Medicine, Traditional; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018517:Plant Roots; D032121:Salvadoraceae; D012529:Saudi Arabia
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Commiphora gileadensis; MIC and antitumor; Salvadora indica; antibiotic; miswak; plant extracts; toxicity