title: Prolonged Survival of a Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patient after a Third Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation with Umbilical Cord Blood following a Second Relapse.
abstract: Although hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has been considered to be the only way for potential cure of relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML), there has been no report on a third HSCT in patients with multiple relapsed AML. Here, we report a case of 53-year-old female who received a successful third allogeneic HSCT after relapse of AML following a second allogeneic HSCT. She was treated with a toxicity reduced conditioning regimen and received direct intrabone cord blood transplantation (CBT) using a single unit of 5/6 HLA-matched cord blood as a graft source. Graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis was performed with a single agent of tacrolimus to increase graft-versus-leukemia effect. She is in remission for 8 months since the direct intrabone CBT. This report highlights not only the importance of individually adjusted approach but also the need for further investigation on the role of HSCT as a treatment modality in patients with refractory or multiple relapsed AML.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
authors.forename: Suk-Young
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-3738-5090
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1283-4307
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kurita
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
authors.forename: Koichiro
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2389-7554
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maie
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seki
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuhisa
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0366-4147
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suzukawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7157-818X
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chiba