title: Analysis of the effect of renal excretory system cooling during thermal radiofrequency ablation in an animal model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Analysis of renal excretory system integrity and efficacy of radiofrequency ablation with and without irrigation with saline at 2°C (SF2).
  
  
  METHODS
  The median third of sixteen kidneys were submitted to radiofrequency (exposition of 1 cm) controlled by intra-surgical ultrasound, with eight minutes cycles and median temperature of 90°C in eight female pigs. One excretory renal system was cooled with SF2, at a 30mL/min rate, and the other kidney was not. After 14 days of post-operatory, the biggest diameters of the lesions and the radiological aspects of the excretory system were compared by bilateral ascending pyelogram and the animals were sacrificed in order to perform histological analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences between the diameters of the kidney lesions whether or not exposed to cooling of the excretory system. Median diameter of the cooled kidneys and not cooled kidneys were respectively (in mm): anteroposterior: 11.46 vs. 12.5 (p = 0.23); longitudinal: 17.94 vs. 18.84 (p = 0.62); depth: 11.38 vs. 12.25 (p = 0.47). There was no lesion of the excretory system or signs of leakage of contrast media or hydronephrosis at ascending pyelogram.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cooling of excretory system during radiofrequency ablation does not sig¬nificantly alter generated coagulation necrosis or affect the integrity of the excretory system in the studied model.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Meireles
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Khaled Ahmed Neto
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Taha
authors.affiliation: Radium Institute, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lísias Nogueira
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Castilho
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Sao Paulo, Unifesp, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: D'Ippolito
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Radium Institute, Campinas, SP, Brazil; School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Unicamp, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leonardo Oliveira
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Reis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000379:methods*; D003080:Cold Temperature; D005260:Female; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D023421:Models, Animal; D009336:Necrosis; D009929:Organ Size; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013552:Swine; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation; D013997:Time Factors; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional / Q000379:methods; D019459:Urothelium / Q000293:injuries
chemical_list: D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic