title: The incidence, management, and evolution of rapamycin-related side effects in kidney transplant recipients.
abstract: Conversion from a calcineurin-inhibitor-based immunosuppression to a rapamycin-based immunosuppression may preserve kidney graft function. The side effects of rapamycin can limit its usefulness, but their management and evolution are rarely reported in clinical trials. We performed a retrospective cohort study in patients transplanted before December 31, 2008 and who received rapamycin to replace calcineurin inhibitors. In 219 patients studied, 98% presented ≥1 side effects after starting rapamycin. Side effects occurring in ≥10% of patients were dyslipidemia (52%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 45-59%), peripheral edema (37%, 95%CI: 31-43%), cytopenia (36%, 95% CI: 30-42%), acne (29%, 95% CI: 23-35%), proteinuria (23%, 95% CI: 17-29%), and oral ulcers 14% (95% CI: 10-18%). Proteinuria, ulcers, and edema were difficult to manage and were more likely to cause cessation of rapamycin. Rapamycin was discontinued in 46% of patients (95% CI: 40-52%). Age (odds ratio [OR] per 10-yr increase: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.05-1.59) and obesity (OR: 2.57, 95% CI: 1.10-6.01) were independently associated with cessation of rapamycin. We conclude that successful control of dyslipidemia and cytopenia can be achieved without discontinuing rapamycin. Most other side effects are harder to manage. Leaner and younger patients are less likely to discontinue rapamycin due to side effects.
authors.affiliation: Nephrology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Jacobien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Verhave
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boucher
authors.forename: Raymond
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dandavino
authors.forename: Suzon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Collette
authors.forename: Lynne
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Senécal
authors.forename: Marie-Josée
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Hebert
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Girardin
authors.forename: Héloïse
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cardinal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015994:Incidence; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000009:adverse effects*; D066027:Transplant Recipients
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D020123:Sirolimus
keywords: kidney transplantation; rapamycine; side effects