title: Epidemic of mumps among vaccinated persons, The Netherlands, 2009-2012.
abstract: To analyze the epidemiology of a nationwide mumps epidemic in the Netherlands, we reviewed 1,557 notified mumps cases in persons who had disease onset during September 1, 2009-August 31, 2012. Seasonality peaked in spring and autumn. Most case-patients were males (59%), 18-25 years of age (67.9%), and vaccinated twice with measles-mumps-rubella vaccine (67.7%). Nearly half (46.6%) of cases occurred in university students or in persons with student contacts. Receipt of 2 doses of vaccine reduced the risk for orchitis, the most frequently reported complication (vaccine effectiveness [VE] 74%, 95% CI 57%-85%); complications overall (VE 76%, 95% CI 61%-86%); and hospitalization (VE 82%, 95% CI 53%-93%). Over time, the age distribution of case-patients changed, and proportionally more cases were reported from nonuniversity cities (p<0.001). Changes in age and geographic distribution over time may reflect increased immunity among students resulting from intense exposure to circulating mumps virus.
authors.forename: Jussi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sane
authors.forename: Sigrid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gouma
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koopmans
authors.forename: Hester
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: de Melker
authors.forename: Corien
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Swaan
authors.forename: Rob
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: van Binnendijk
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hahné
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D022542:Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine / Q000276:immunology; D009107:Mumps / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology*; D009109:Mumps virus / Q000276:immunology; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D022542:Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine
keywords: MMR; epidemic; herd immunity; immunization; mumps; outbreaks; surveillance; the Netherlands; vaccination; vaccine; viruses