title: Genetic polymorphisms of twelve X-STRs of the investigator Argus X-12 kit and additional six X-STR centromere region loci in an Egyptian population sample.
abstract: Recently, many researchers have focused on analysis of different X-chromosomal STRs as they bear the potential to efficiently complement the analysis of autosomal and Y-chromosomal STRs in solving special complex kinship deficiency cases. In the current study we examined a sample of 250 unrelated Egyptian males with the Investigator Argus X-12 kit (Qiagen GmbH, Hilden, Germany) which detects 12 X-STR markers distributed over the entire X-chromosome as four closely linked clusters. Microvariant off ladder alleles as well as null alleles have been detected in some loci. Furthermore, discordant results were observed between the Investigator Argus X-12 and the Mentype(®) Argus X-8 kits (Biotype AG, Dresden, Germany). New primers were designed for loci DXS10101, DXS10146 and DXS10148 to correct the allele drop outs observed in these loci with the Investigator Argus X-12 kit. Additionally, DNA sequence analysis revealed the polymorphisms responsible for the allele drop outs. Furthermore, six additional X-STRs (DXS10161, DXS10159, DXS10162, DXS10163, DXS10164 and DXS10165) located in the centromere region at Xp11.21-Xq11.1 were examined in a single multiplex reaction. Allele and haplotype frequencies as well as different forensic statistical parameters of the 18 X-STR loci tested indicated that they are highly informative in different forensic applications in the Egyptian population. However, some modifications still need to be performed on the Investigator Argus X-12 kit before its use in forensic casework is validated.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Butenfeld 34, 22529 Hamburg, Germany; Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Champollion Street, El-khartoum Square, Azarita Medical Campus, Alexandria, Egypt. Electronic address: s.elakkary@uke.de.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Elakkary
authors.affiliation: Centre of Molecular Neurobiology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251 Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hoffmeister-Ullerich
authors.affiliation: Centre of Molecular Neurobiology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251 Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schulze
authors.affiliation: Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Champollion Street, El-khartoum Square, Azarita Medical Campus, Alexandria, Egypt.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Seif
authors.affiliation: Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Champollion Street, El-khartoum Square, Azarita Medical Campus, Alexandria, Egypt.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sheta
authors.affiliation: Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hering
authors.affiliation: Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 28, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Edelmann
authors.affiliation: Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Butenfeld 34, 22529 Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Augustin
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D002503:Centromere; D041321:Chromosomes, Human, X; D017931:DNA Primers; D004534:Egypt; D005828:Genetics, Population; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers
keywords: Egypt; Haplotype frequencies; Microvariant alleles; Null alleles; Sequencing