title: Changes in contractile and elastic properties of the triceps surae muscle induced by neuromuscular electrical stimulation training.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) training is known to induce improvement in force production capacities and fibre-type transition. The aim of this study was to determine whether NMES training also leads to changes in the mechanical properties of the human triceps surae (TS) muscle.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen young male subjects performed a training protocol (4 weeks, 18 sessions, 4-5 sessions per week) based on a high-frequency isometric NMES programme of TS muscle. Quick-release test was used to evaluate Musculo-Tendinous (MT) stiffness index (SIMT) as the slope of the linear MT stiffness-torque relationships under submaximal contraction. Sinusoidal perturbations allowed the assessment of musculo-articular stiffness index (SIMA) as well as the calculation of the maximal angular velocity ([Formula: see text]) of TS muscle using an adaptation of Hill's equation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After NMES training, Maximal Voluntary Contraction under isometric conditions and [Formula: see text] increased significantly by 17.5 and 20.6 %, respectively, while SIMT and SIMA decreased significantly (-12.7 and -9.3 %, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These changes in contractile and elastic properties may lead to functional changes of particular interest in sport-related activities as well as in the elderly.
authors.affiliation: CNRS UMR 7338, Biomécanique et Bioingénierie, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 60205, Compiègne cedex, France, jgrosset@utc.fr.
authors.forename: Jean-Francois
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Grosset
authors.forename: Francis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Canon
authors.forename: Chantal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pérot
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lambertz
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004548:Elasticity; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D007537:Isometric Contraction; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation*; D013997:Time Factors; D019415:Torque; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D034941:Upper Extremity; D055815:Young Adult