title: Perceptions of barriers to paternal presence and contribution during childbirth: an exploratory study from Syria.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The barriers that face fathers during childbirth are an understudied phenomenon. The objective of our study was to explore Syrian parents' perceptions of barriers to paternal presence and contribution during childbirth.
  
  
  METHODS
  A descriptive phenomenological qualitative approach based on Colaizzi's method was used with a purposive sample of 23 mothers and 14 fathers recruited from a major public maternity hospital in Syria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In our study, four themes on barriers to paternal presence and contribution during childbirth were found: 1) sociocultural influences and rigidity; 2) being unprepared; 3) unsupportive policies and attitudes; and 4) unfavorable reactions and circumstances.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Common and current sociocultural norms in Syria do not encourage fathers to be present or contribute during childbirth. Therefore, establishing culturally sensitive supportive policies and practices is a vital step toward overcoming these barriers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Maternal-Child Health, Faculty of Nursing, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
authors.forename: Lubna
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Abushaikha
authors.forename: Rana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Massah
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D003696:Delivery Rooms; D005220:Fathers / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D006771:Hospitals, Maternity; D006779:Hospitals, Public; D006801:Humans; D007514:Islam; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology; D016134:Organizational Policy; D036801:Parturition / Q000523:psychology*; D057240:Patient Preference; D011247:Pregnancy; D013593:Syria; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Syria; barriers; childbirth; contribution; paternal; perceptions; presence