title: Longitudinal changes in maternal hemodynamics in a population at risk for pre-eclampsia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate longitudinal changes in maternal hemodynamics from the first trimester onward in women who develop pre-eclampsia (PE) or gestational hypertension (GH).
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective longitudinal study of singleton pregnancies identified by screening at 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks' gestation as being at high risk for PE. Measurements of augmentation index (AIx), pulsed wave velocity (PWV) and aortic systolic blood pressure (SBPao) were taken every 4 weeks until delivery. Values were compared between women who developed preterm PE requiring delivery before 37 weeks, term PE or GH, and those who remained normotensive.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1198 observations were recorded in 245 women, including 181 who were normotensive, 22 with preterm PE, 22 with term PE and 20 with GH. In the normotensive group, there was a U-shaped relationship between AIx and gestational age with a trough at 25 weeks' gestation, whereas changes in levels of PWV or SBPao were minimal, with a mild increase from 25 and 30 weeks' gestation onward, respectively. In the GH and preterm PE groups, compared to the normotensive group, SBPao was higher and the difference did not change significantly with gestational age. In the term PE group, SBPao did not differ significantly from that in the normotensive group. In the preterm PE group compared to the normotensive group, PWV and AIx were significantly higher from 16-17 weeks' gestation onward and the difference increased with gestational age in both cases. In the term PE and GH groups, PWV and AIx did not differ significantly from normal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study describes temporal changes in AIx, PWV and SBPao in normotensive pregnant women and in women who develop PE or GH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Fetal Medicine, Institute for Women's Health, University College London Hospitals, London, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khalil
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Garcia-Mandujano
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Maiz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Elkhouli
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Nicolaides
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D046110:Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D011446:Prospective Studies; D063177:Pulse Wave Analysis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014463:Ultrasonography
keywords: augmentation index; blood pressure; maternal hemodynamics; pre-eclampsia; pregnancy screening; pulse wave velocity