title: Analysis of human alveolar osteoblast behavior on a nano-hydroxyapatite substrate: an in vitro study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) is a potential ideal biomaterial for bone regeneration. However, studies have yet to characterize the behavior of human osteoblasts derived from alveolar bone on nHA. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of nHA on the adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of these alveolar bone-derived cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary human alveolar osteoblasts were collected from the alveolar ridge of a male periodontal patient during osseous resective surgery and grown on culture plates coated with either polylysine or polylysine with nano-hydroxyapatite (POL/nHA) composite. The cells were grown and observed for 14 days, and then assessed for potential modifications to osteoblasts homeostasis as evaluated by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (real time RT-PCR), scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Real time PCR revealed a significant increase in the expression of the selected markers of osteoblast differentiation (bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2,-5,-7, ALP, COLL-1A2, OC, ON) in cells grown on the POL/nHA substrate. In addition, as compared with the POL surface, cells grown on the POL/nHA substrate demonstrated better osteoconductive properties, as demonstrated by the increase in adhesion and spreading, likely as a result of the increased surface roughness of the composite.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The increased expression of BMPs and osteoinductive biomarkers suggest that nano-hydroxyapatite may stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of local alveolar osteoblasts and thus encourage bone regeneration at sites of alveolar bone regeneration.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pilloni
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pompa
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Science, Pediatric Dentistry Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy. matteo.saccucci@uniroma1.it.
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saccucci
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Di Carlo
authors.forename: Lia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rimondini
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brama
authors.forename: Blerina
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zeza
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wannenes
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Migliaccio
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000032:analysis; D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000166:cytology*; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000032:analysis; D055417:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 5 / Q000032:analysis; D055419:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7 / Q000032:analysis; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000502:physiology; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000032:analysis; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008875:Middle Aged; D053761:Nanocomposites / Q000737:chemistry*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000502:physiology*; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000032:analysis; D015676:Osteonectin / Q000032:analysis; D011107:Polylysine / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: C525718:BMP2 protein, human; C525814:BMP5 protein, human; C525819:BMP7 protein, human; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D055417:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 5; D055419:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7; D024042:Collagen Type I; D015676:Osteonectin; D015675:Osteocalcin; D011107:Polylysine; D017886:Durapatite; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase