title: A fatal case of atrioesophageal fistula following radiofrequency ablation of left atrium and pulmonary veins for atrial fibrillation.
abstract: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Hemodynamic compromise and formation of thrombi within the fibrillating atrium or atrial appendage can occur. Surgical treatment aims to eliminate dysrhythmia-triggering foci in the pulmonary veins and posterior left atrium by radiofrequency ablation techniques using ohmic heat. As medical treatment may be ineffective, radiofrequency catheter ablation is increasingly being used by interventional cardiac electrophysiologists for AF. Serious complications have been observed among patients who have undergone radiofrequency ablation, atrioesophageal fistula being a very rare example. This case describes a 43-year-old man who died after the development of an atrioesophageal fistula following radiofrequency ablation of the left atrium and pulmonary veins for treatment of AF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, and Provincial Forensic Pathology Unit, 25 Morton Shulman Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M3M 0B1 Canada. Electronic address: wrasrajapaksha@gmail.com.
authors.forename: W R A S
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Rajapaksha
authors.affiliation: Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: kris.cunningham@queensu.ca.
authors.forename: Kristopher S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Cunningham
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, and Provincial Forensic Pathology Unit, 25 Morton Shulman Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M3M 0B1 Canada. Electronic address: Toby.Rose@ontario.ca.
authors.forename: Toby H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Rose
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000601:surgery*; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004937:Esophageal Fistula / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011667:Pulmonary Veins / Q000601:surgery
keywords: Atrial fibrillation; Atrioesophageal fistula; Radiofrequency ablation