title: Impact of mild thyroid hormone deficiency in pregnancy on cognitive function in children: lessons from the Generation R Study.
abstract: Animal models and epidemiological studies suggest that mild maternal thyroid hormone deficiency in early gestation has adverse consequences on the cognitive abilities of the children. However, methodological problems, lack of a consistent definition for mild thyroid hormone deficiency, and short follow-up of the children reduce the confidence in the conclusion of existing studies. In this review, we summarize the main findings of a series of studies performed in Generation R, a population-based birth cohort in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. In this iodine sufficient region, we aimed to investigate the relation between mild maternal thyroid hormone deficiency in early gestation and children's verbal and nonverbal cognitive function and executive function. We discuss the main findings of these studies, present recommendations for clinicians and formulate suggestions for future research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Centre - Sophia Children Hospital, 3000 CB Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: a.ghassabian@erasmusmc.nl.
authors.forename: Akhgar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghassabian
authors.affiliation: Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, 5037 AB Tilburg, The Netherlands. Electronic address: j.henrichs@uvt.nl.
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Henrichs
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Centre - Sophia Children Hospital, 3000 CB Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Centre, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: h.tiemeier@erasmusmc.nl.
authors.forename: Henning
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tiemeier
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D003071:Cognition; D015331:Cohort Studies; D056344:Executive Function / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000737:chemistry; D006257:Head / Q000254:growth & development; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007453:Iodide Peroxidase / Q000276:immunology; D007455:Iodine / Q000172:deficiency; D007805:Language Development Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D009426:Netherlands; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D011264:Pregnancy Trimesters; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000503:physiopathology; D013963:Thyroid Hormones; D013972:Thyrotropin / Q000097:blood; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000097:blood / Q000172:deficiency*
chemical_list: D013963:Thyroid Hormones; D013972:Thyrotropin; D007455:Iodine; D007453:Iodide Peroxidase; D013974:Thyroxine
keywords: behaviour; children; cognition; executive function; hypothyroxinaemia; iodine; pregnancy; thyroid