title: Externalizing behavior and substance use related problems at 15 years in prenatally cocaine exposed adolescents.
abstract: The effect of prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE) on externalizing behavior and substance use related problems at 15 years of age was examined. Participants consisted of 358 adolescents (183 PCE, 175 non-cocaine exposed (NCE)), primarily African-American and of low socioeconomic status, prospectively enrolled in a longitudinal study from birth. Regression analyses indicated that the amount of PCE was associated with higher externalizing behavioral problems (β = .15, p = .02). Adolescents with PCE were also 2.8 times (95% CI = 1.38-5.56) more likely to have substance use related problems than their NCE counterparts. No differences between PCE adolescents in non-kinship adoptive/foster care (n = 44) and PCE adolescents in maternal/relative care (n = 139) were found in externalizing behavior or in the likelihood of substance use related problems. Findings demonstrate teratologic effects of PCE persisting into adolescence. PCE is a reliable marker for the potential development of problem behaviors in adolescence, including substance use related problems.
authors.affiliation: Case Western Reserve University, Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, USA. Electronic address: meeyoung.min@case.edu.
authors.forename: Meeyoung O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Min
authors.affiliation: Case Western Reserve University, Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, USA.
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Minnes
authors.affiliation: Case Western Reserve University, Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, USA.
authors.forename: Adelaide
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.affiliation: Case Western Reserve University, Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, USA.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Weishampel
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Sciences, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Short
authors.affiliation: Case Western Reserve University, Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, USA.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, USA; School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, USA; School of Medicine, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, USA.
authors.forename: Lynn T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Singer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D000374:Aggression; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D003042:Cocaine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D012923:Social Class; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D003042:Cocaine
keywords: Externalizing behavior; Parental monitoring; Prenatal cocaine exposure; Substance use; Violence exposure