title: Nematocyst discharge in Pelagia noctiluca (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa) oral arms can be affected by lidocaine, ethanol, ammonia and acetic acid.
abstract: Nematocyst discharge and concomitant delivery of toxins is triggered to perform both defence and predation strategies in Cnidarians, and may lead to serious local and systemic reactions in humans. Pelagia noctiluca (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa) is a jellyfish particularly abundant in the Strait of Messina (Italy). After accidental contact with this jellyfish, not discharged nematocysts or even fragments of tentacles or oral arms may tightly adhere to the human skin and, following discharge, severely increase pain and the other adverse consequences of the sting. The aim of the present study is to verify if the local anesthetic lidocaine and other compounds, like alcohols, acetic acid and ammonia, known to provide pain relief after jellyfish stings, may also affect in situ discharge of nematocysts. Discharge was induced by a combined physico-chemical stimulation of oral arms by chemosensitizers (such as N-acetylated sugars, aminoacids, proteins and nucleotides), in the presence or absence of 1% lidocaine, 70% ethanol, 5% acetic acid or 20% ammonia, followed by mechanical stimulation by a non-vibrating test probe. The above mentioned compounds failed to induce discharge per se, and dramatically impaired the chemosensitizer-induced discharge response. We therefore suggest that prompt local treatment of the stung epidermis with lidocaine, acetic acid, ethanol and ammonia may provide substantial pain relief and help in reducing possible harmful local and systemic adverse reaction following accidental contact with P. noctiluca specimens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human and Social Sciences, Via T. Cannizzaro 278, Messina, Italy. Electronic address: rmorabito@unime.it.
authors.forename: Rossana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Morabito
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, Messina, Italy. Electronic address: marinoa@unime.it.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marino
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology Paracelsus Medizinische Privatuniversitat Strubergasse 21, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria. Electronic address: silvia.dossena@pmu.ac.at.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dossena
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, Messina, Italy. Electronic address: glaspada@unime.it.
authors.forename: Giuseppa
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: La Spada
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000641:Ammonia / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D003063:Cnidaria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D058894:Nematocyst / Q000187:drug effects*; D013268:Stimulation, Chemical
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol; D000641:Ammonia; D008012:Lidocaine; D019342:Acetic Acid
keywords: Acetic acid; Ammonia; Discharge; Ethanol; Lidocaine; Nematocysts; Pelagia noctiluca