title: Effects of barefoot trimming on hoof morphology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To monitor changes in hoof morphology in response to barefoot trimming.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven horses were trimmed every 6 weeks according to barefoot trimming principles, which involved levelling the hoof to live sole, lowering the heels, bevelling the toe and rounding the peripheral wall, while leaving the sole, frog and bars intact. A 4-month period was allowed to lower the heels sufficiently to achieve a hoof shape representative of the barefoot trim. This was regarded as the starting point for morphological adaptations in response to maintenance of the trim. Hoof morphology was measured from lateral, dorsal and solar view photographs and lateromedial radiographs taken at 0, 4 and 16 months. Changes from 0 to 4 months represented differences between a natural hoof shape and the trim, while changes from 4 to 16 months represented adaptive effects during hoof growth.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Establishment of the barefoot trim involved significant shortening of the toe, heel and medial and lateral walls, with increases in angulation at the toe, medial and lateral walls, but not at the heel. Maintenance of the trim resulted in a palmar/plantar migration of the heels, with increases in support length, heel angle and solar angle of the distal phalanx (P3).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bevelling the toe and engaging the frog and bars in the weight-bearing function of the foot resulted in elevation of the heel angle and solar angle of P3. These changes may be beneficial in treating under-run heels and negative solar plane angulation of P3.
authors.affiliation: Mary Anne McPhail Equine Performance Centre, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, and Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; claytonh@msu.edu.
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Clayton
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Kaiser
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Bowker
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D006724:Hoof and Claw / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D006736:Horses / Q000502:physiology*; D010781:Photography / Q000662:veterinary; D011859:Radiography; D016474:Weight-Bearing / Q000502:physiology
keywords: barefoot trim; biomechanics; farriery; hoof angle; horses; under-run heels