title: Frozen shoulder - A stiff problem that requires a flexible approach.
abstract: Frozen shoulder is a specific, painful and debilitating condition effecting patients mainly in middle age. While it has been recognised for over 100 years, it is still mis-diagnosed, with a natural history that is poorly understood and with limited evidence for the efficacy for various treatments. This review considers what is known about this common painful condition and the treatments available.
authors.affiliation: Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Windmill Road, Headington, Oxford OX37HE, United Kingdom. Electronic address: Paul.guyver@nhs.net.
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Guyver
authors.affiliation: Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Windmill Road, Headington, Oxford OX37HE, United Kingdom. Electronic address: Davebruce84@gmail.com.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Bruce
authors.affiliation: Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, The Botnar Research Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road, Headington, Oxford OX37LD, United Kingdom. Electronic address: jonathan.rees@ndorms.ox.ac.uk.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Rees
mesh_terms: D002062:Bursitis / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D059352:Musculoskeletal Pain / Q000628:therapy*; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012782:Shoulder / Q000473:pathology*
keywords: Adhesive capsulitis; Arthroscopic release; Frozen shoulder; Hydrodilatation; Manipulation