title: Anomalous left anterior descending artery to coronary sinus fistula with associated localized ischemia: A clinical dilemma.
abstract: METHODS
  Female, 57 FINAL DIAGNOSIS: Coronary sinus - venous fistula Symptoms: Dispnoea Medication: - Clinical Procedure: - Specialty: Cardiology.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Rare disease.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Coronary arterial fistula, or arteriovenous malformation (AVM), is a connection between the coronary tree and a cardiac chamber or great vessel, having bypassed the myocardial capillary bed. Known complications from coronary artery fistulas may include "steal" from the adjacent myocardium, resulting in myocardial ischemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report the case of a 57-year-old Hispanic woman with abnormal preoperative electrocardiogram (ECG) and symptoms of dyspnea on exertion, who underwent a stress echocardiography demonstrating inferior distribution hypokinesis at peak exercise. Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) demonstrated a venous fistula connecting the coronary sinus (CS) with the distal portion of the left anterior descending artery (LAD), occupying the territory of a left posterior descending artery (L-PDA) and corresponding in distribution with the patient's stress-induced wall motion abnormalities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anomalous left anterior descending artery to coronary sinus fistula with associated ischemia is a rare clinical dilemma with limited experience of success with either surgical or medical options.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Service, San Antonio Military Medical Center, San Antonio, TX, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Frank D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Service, San Antonio Military Medical Center, San Antonio, TX, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Homayoun R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Ahmadian
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Service, San Antonio Military Medical Center, San Antonio, TX, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Ahmad M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Slim
keywords: Arteriovenous Fistula; Computed Tomography; Coronary Sinus; Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery Fistula