title: Emotional reactivity and regulation associated with fluent and stuttered utterances of preschool-age children who stutter.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to assess the relation between emotional reactivity and regulation associated with fluent and stuttered utterances of preschool-age children who stutter (CWS) and those who do not (CWNS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were eight 3 to 6-year old CWS and eight CWNS of comparable age and gender.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were exposed to three emotion-inducing overheard conversations--neutral, angry and happy--and produced a narrative following each overheard conversation. From audio-video recordings of these narratives, coded behavioral analysis of participants' negative and positive affect and emotion regulation associated with stuttered and fluent utterances was conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results indicated that CWS were significantly more likely to exhibit emotion regulation attempts prior to and during their fluent utterances following the happy as compared to the negative condition, whereas CWNS displayed the opposite pattern. Within-group assessment indicated that CWS were significantly more likely to display negative emotion prior to and during their stuttered than fluent utterances, particularly following the positive overheard conversation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After exposure to emotional-inducing overheard conversations, changes in preschool-age CWS's emotion and emotion regulatory attempts were associated with the fluency of their utterances.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  After reading this article, the reader will be able to: (1) describe various measures of emotional reactivity and regulation, including parent-based reports and behavioral coding, and how they may contribute to childhood stuttering; (2) explain emotional differences between the stuttered and fluent utterances of CWS and CWNS; and (3) discuss how emotions may contribute to CWS' instances of stuttering.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University, 1215 21st Avenue South, Room 10221 MCE South Tower, Nashville, TN 37232, United States. Electronic address: jones.1640@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Robin M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University, 1215 21st Avenue South, Room 10221 MCE South Tower, Nashville, TN 37232, United States.
authors.forename: Edward G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Conture
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Peabody 512, 230 Appleton Place, Nashville, TN 37203, United States.
authors.forename: Tedra A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Walden
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013060:Speech; D013342:Stuttering / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: Behavior; Emotion; Preschool; Regulation; Stuttering