title: Bisphenol A affects human endometrial endothelial cell angiogenic activity in vitro.
abstract: The widespread Bisphenol A (BPA) is classified as an endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) with estrogenic properties. Human endometrial endothelial cells (HEECs) play a key role in the endometrial angiogenesis that is under the control of estradiol. The hypothesis was that BPA may affect endometrial angiogenesis by disturbing some functional properties of the HEEC. To study this, primary HEECs were exposed to environmentally relevant doses of BPA. The HEECs were co-cultured with primary endometrial stromal cells to create conditions as similar to the in vivo situation as possible. The effects of BPA were evaluated by proliferation and viability assays, tube-formation assays, quantitative PCRs, Western blots and ELISAs. BPA slightly increased HEEC tube formation and VEGF-D protein expression compared with vehicle, without affecting HEEC viability or proliferation. Bisphenol A thus caused changes in HEEC activities in vitro, and may therefore have disturbing effects on endometrial angiogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751 85, Sweden. Electronic address: Malin.helmestam@kbh.uu.se.
authors.forename: Malin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Helmestam
authors.affiliation: Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751 85, Sweden.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Davey
authors.affiliation: Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751 85, Sweden.
authors.forename: Anneli
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stavreus-Evers
authors.affiliation: Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751 85, Sweden.
authors.forename: Matts
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Olovsson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000633:toxicity*; D004717:Endometrium / Q000166:cytology*; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D010636:Phenols / Q000633:toxicity*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal; D010636:Phenols; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
keywords: Angiogenesis; Bisphenol A; EDC; Endocrine-disrupting chemicals; Endometrium; Human endometrial endothelial cells; qPCR