title: Helix kinks are equally prevalent in soluble and membrane proteins.
abstract: Helix kinks are a common feature of α-helical membrane proteins, but are thought to be rare in soluble proteins. In this study we find that kinks are a feature of long α-helices in both soluble and membrane proteins, rather than just transmembrane α-helices. The apparent rarity of kinks in soluble proteins is due to the relative infrequency of long helices (≥20 residues) in these proteins. We compare length-matched sets of soluble and membrane helices, and find that the frequency of kinks, the role of Proline, the patterns of other amino acid around kinks (allowing for the expected differences in amino acid distributions between the two types of protein), and the effects of hydrogen bonds are the same for the two types of helices. In both types of protein, helices that contain Proline in the second and subsequent turns are very frequently kinked. However, there are a sizeable proportion of kinked helices that do not contain a Proline in either their sequence or sequence homolog. Moreover, we observe that in soluble proteins, kinked helices have a structural preference in that they typically point into the solvent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, 1 South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3TG, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Henry R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Wilman
authors.forename: Jiye
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Charlotte M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Deane
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D006860:Hydrogen Bonding; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D011392:Proline / Q000737:chemistry; D017510:Protein Folding; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary
chemical_list: D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011392:Proline
keywords: helix bend; helix distortion; helix kink; membrane protein; protein helix; protein structure; soluble protein