title: Response of the pea roots defense systems to the two-element combinations of metals (Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb).
abstract: The presence of the single metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn) induces ROS (reactive oxygen species) production and causes oxidative stress in plants. While applied in two-element combinations, trace metals impact organisms in a more complex way. To assess the resultant effect we treated the pea grown hydroponically with the trace metals in variants: CuPb, CuCd, CuZn, PbCd, ZnPb, ZnCd in concentrations of 25 µM for each metal ion. Abiotic stress inhibited root elongation growth, decreased biomass production, induced changes in root colour and morphology. It changed rate of ROS production, malondialdehyde content, increased activity and altered gene expression of defence enzymes (superoxide dysmutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase).
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Collegium Biologicum, Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Arleta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Malecka
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Collegium Biologicum, Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Aneta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Piechalak
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Collegium Biologicum, Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zielińska
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Collegium Biologicum, Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kutrowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Collegium Biologicum, Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tomaszewska
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D002104:Cadmium / Q000494:pharmacology; D002374:Catalase / Q000096:biosynthesis; D003300:Copper / Q000494:pharmacology; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects; D007854:Lead / Q000494:pharmacology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D018532:Pisum sativum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000072105:Superoxide Dismutase-1; D015032:Zinc / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D002104:Cadmium; D007854:Lead; D003300:Copper; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D000072105:Superoxide Dismutase-1; D015032:Zinc