title: Physical activity in older men: longitudinal associations with inflammatory and hemostatic biomarkers, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, and onset of coronary heart disease and mortality.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine associations between habitual physical activity (PA) and changes in PA and onset of coronary heart disease (CHD) and the pathways linking PA to CHD.
  
  
  METHODS
  British Regional Heart Study population-based cohort; men completed questionnaires in 1996 and 1998 to 2000, attended rescreen in 1998 to 2000, and were followed up to June 2010.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 4,252 men recruited from primary care centers (77% of those invited and eligible) who were rescreened in 1998 to 2000, 3,320 were ambulatory and free from CHD, stroke, and heart failure and participated in the current study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Usual PA (regular walking and cycling, recreational activity and sport). Outcome was first fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 3,320 ambulatory men, 303 first and 184 fatal CHD events occurred during a median of 11 years of follow-up; 9% reported no usual PA, 23% occasional PA, and 68% light or more-intense PA. PA was inversely associated with novel risk markers C-reactive protein, D-dimer, von Willebrand Factor and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). Compared with no usual PA, hazard ratios (HRs) for CHD events, adjusted for age and region, were 0.52 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.34-0.79) for occasional PA, 0.47 (95% CI = 0.30-0.74) for light PA, 0.51 (95% CI = 0.32-0.82) for moderate PA, and 0.44 (95% CI = 0.29-0.65) for moderately vigorous or vigorous PA (P for linear trend = .004). Adjustment for established and novel risk markers somewhat attenuated HRs and abolished linear trends. Compared with men who remained inactive, men who maintained at least light PA had an HR for CHD events of 0.73 (95% CI = 0.53-1.02) and men whose PA level increased had an HR of 0.86 (95% CI = 0.55-1.35).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Even light PA was associated with significantly lower risk of CHD events in healthy older men, partly through inflammatory and hemostatic mechanisms and cardiac function (NT-proBNP).
authors.affiliation: Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK; Population Health Domain Physical Activity Research Group, University College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Barbara J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Jefferis
authors.forename: Peter H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Whincup
authors.forename: Lucy T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Lennon
authors.forename: Olia
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Papacosta
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goya Wannamethee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002423:Cause of Death / Q000639:trends; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006487:Hemostasis / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009017:Morbidity / Q000639:trends; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000097:blood*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood*; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends; D013997:Time Factors; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C109794:pro-brain natriuretic peptide (1-76); D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain
keywords: CHD; NT-proBNP; inflammation; older adults; physical activity; prospective cohort