title: Nurses' lived experiences of intensive care unit bed spaces as a place of care: a phenomenological study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The environment of an intensive care unit (ICU) is, in general, stressful and has an impact on quality of care in terms of patient outcomes and safety. Little is known about nurses' experiences, however, from a phenomenological perspective with regard to the critical care settings as a place for the provision of care for the most critically ill patients and their families.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to explore nurses' lived experiences of ICU bed spaces as a place of care for the critically ill.
  
  
  METHODS
  A combination of qualitative lifeworld interviews and photos --photovoice methodology --was used when collecting data. Fourteen nurses from three different ICUs participated. Data were analysed using a phenomenological reflective lifeworld approach.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An outer spatial dimension and an inner existential dimension constitute ICU bed spaces. Caring here means being uncompromisingly on call and a commitment to promoting recovery and well-being. The meanings of ICU bed spaces as a place of care comprise observing and being observed, a broken promise, cherishing life, ethical predicament and creating a caring atmosphere.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The architectural design of the ICU has a great impact on nurses' well-being, work satisfaction and the provision of humanistic care. Nurses need to be involved in the process of planning and building new ICU settings. There is a need for further research to highlight the quality of physical environment and its impact on caring practice.
authors.affiliation: S Olausson, PhD candidate, RN, CCRN, MSn, Department of Health Sciences, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden; Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden.
authors.forename: Sepideh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Olausson
authors.forename: Margaretha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ekebergh
authors.forename: Sofia Almerud
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Osterberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D064648:Critical Care Nursing / Q000941:ethics; D004645:Empathy; D004993:Ethics, Nursing; D005260:Female; D006749:Hospital Design and Construction; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000941:ethics; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D008297:Male; D015404:Nursing Methodology Research; D011787:Quality of Health Care
keywords: Bed spaces; ICU; Nursing Staff; Phenomenology