title: Airborne antituberculosis activity of Eucalyptus citriodora essential oil.
abstract: The rapid emergence of multi- and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR/XDR-TB) has created a pressing public health problem, which mostly affects regions with HIV/AIDS prevalence and represents a new constraint in the already challenging disease management of tuberculosis (TB). The present work responds to the need to reduce the number of contagious MDR/XRD-TB patients, protect their immediate environment, and interrupt the rapid spread by laying the groundwork for an inhalation therapy based on anti-TB-active constituents of the essential oil (EO) of Eucalyptus citriodora. In order to address the metabolomic complexity of EO constituents and active principles in botanicals, this study applied biochemometrics, a 3-D analytical approach that involves high-resolution CCC fractionation, GC-MS analysis, bioactivity measurements, and chemometric analysis. Thus, 32 airborne anti-TB-active compounds were identified in E. citriodora EO: the monoterpenes citronellol (1), linalool (3), isopulegol (5), and α-terpineol (7) and the sesquiterpenoids spathulenol (11), β-eudesmol (23), and τ-cadinol (25). The impact of the interaction of multiple components in EOs was studied using various artificial mixtures (AMxs) of the active monoterpenes 1, 2, and 5 and the inactive eucalyptol (33). Both neat 1 and the AMx containing 1, 2, and 33 showed airborne TB inhibition of >90%, while the major E. citriodora EO component, 2, was only weakly active, at 18% inhibition.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Tuberculosis Research and ‡Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States.
authors.forename: René F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Ramos Alvarenga
authors.forename: Baojie
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.forename: Taichi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inui
authors.forename: Scott G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Franzblau
authors.forename: Guido F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Pauli
authors.forename: Birgit U
authors.initials: BU
authors.lastname: Jaki
mesh_terms: D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000081005:Cyclohexane Monoterpenes; D003511:Cyclohexanols / Q000737:chemistry; D053138:Cyclohexenes / Q000737:chemistry; D016208:Databases, Factual; D000077591:Eucalyptol; D005052:Eucalyptus / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015394:Molecular Structure; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D045787:Sesquiterpenes, Eudesmane; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D018088:Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D000081005:Cyclohexane Monoterpenes; D003511:Cyclohexanols; D053138:Cyclohexenes; D039821:Monoterpenes; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D045787:Sesquiterpenes, Eudesmane; C016775:alpha-terpineol; C051082:beta-eudesmol; C018584:linalool; C007078:citronellol; D000077591:Eucalyptol