title: Congenital ptosis.
abstract: Congenital blepharoptosis presents within the first year of life either in isolation or as a part of many different ocular or systemic disorders. Surgical repair is challenging, and recurrence necessitating more than one operation is not uncommon. Not all patients with congenital ptosis require surgery, but children with amblyopia due to astigmatic anisometropia or deprivation may benefit from early surgical correction. A variety of surgical procedures to correct congenital ptosis have been described. The choice of procedure depends on a number of patient-specific factors, such as degree of ptosis and levator function, as well as surgeon preference and resource availability. We review the genetics, associated syndromes, and surgical treatments of congenital ptosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO.
authors.forename: Jeffrey R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: SooHoo
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO.
authors.forename: Brett W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.affiliation: Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Felicia D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Allard
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO; Texas Oculoplastic Consultants, Austin, TX. Electronic address: vdurairaj@tocaustin.com.
authors.forename: Vikram D
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Durairaj
mesh_terms: D019882:Blepharoplasty; D001763:Blepharoptosis / Q000151:congenital / Q000235:genetics / Q000601:surgery; D005143:Eyelids / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000601:surgery
keywords: blepharoptosis; congenital ptosis; eyelid surgery; frontalis sling; ptosis