title: Study on action mechanism of 1-(4-methoxy-2-methylphenyl)piperazine (MMPP) in acquisition, formation, and consolidation of memory in mice.
abstract: In the present study, the mechanism of action of MMPP (1-(4-methoxy-2-methylphenyl) piperazine) in the acquisition (pretraining administration), formation (posttraining administration), and consolidation (pretest administration) of memory was assessed in the passive avoidance test using a short- and long-term memory protocol in mice. MMPP modified avoidance in the acquisition and formation of memory protocols but not in the consolidation protocol. Scopolamine (0.1 mg/kg i.p.), dizocilpine (0.003 mg/kg i.p.), and buspirone (0.1 mg/kg i.p.) completely inhibited MMPP-induced effects on memory acquisition and partially inhibited memory formation in the short-term but not long-term paradigm. This suggested that cholinergic, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine-1A (5-HT1A ) receptors were implicated in the MMPP-induced improvements in memory. The sedative, anxiolytic, motor impairment, myorelaxant, and anticonvulsive (pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures) properties of MMPP were also assessed with the compound only showing a nondose-dependent myorelaxation. These results suggest that MMPP can enhance acquisition and formation, but not consolidation, of memory in short-term and long-term protocol via cholinergic, NMDA-glutamatergic, and 5-HT1A receptors.
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., 04510, México.
authors.forename: Andrés
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Navarrete
authors.forename: Francisco X
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Flores-Machorro
authors.forename: Ruth I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Téllez-Ballesteros
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alfaro-Romero
authors.forename: José Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Balderas
authors.forename: Adelfo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reyes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D008297:Male; D057567:Memory, Long-Term / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D018697:Nootropic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010879:Piperazines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D044282:Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A / Q000378:metabolism*; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000378:metabolism*; D045442:Rotarod Performance Test
chemical_list: C000593392:1-(4-methoxy-2-methylphenyl)piperazine; D018697:Nootropic Agents; D010879:Piperazines; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D044282:Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A
keywords: 1-(4-methoxy-2-methylphenyl)piperazine; nootropics; passive avoidance; phenylpiperazines