title: Depression and anxiety in adolescents and adults with cystic fibrosis in the UK: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The International Depression/anxiety Epidemiological Study (TIDES) in the UK aimed: (i) to establish the prevalence of anxiety and depression amongst people with CF compared to a normative sample; (ii) to establish the association between mood, demographic and clinical variables; and (iii) to provide guidance for specialist-referral decision-making.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients (≥12years) completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). CF-HADS scores, expressed as percentiles, were compared with a normative sample. Multiple-regression analysis explored associations between demographic, clinical and mood variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-nine CF centres recruited 2065 patients. Adults with CF were similar in terms of anxiety and depression to the general population. Adolescents with CF were less anxious and depressed. For adult patients, older age, unemployment for health reasons and poor lung function were associated with disordered mood. Gender-specific CF-percentile scores were calculated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surveillance, with attention to gender and risk factors is advocated. This work provides unique benchmark scores to aid referral decision-making.
authors.affiliation: Regional Paediatric CF Unit, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Ward 25 A Floor, Clarendon Wing, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds LS2 9NS, UK; Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK. Electronic address: alistair.duff@leedsth.nhs.uk.
authors.forename: Alistair J A
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Duff
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK. Electronic address: jabbott@uclan.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Janice
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Abbott
authors.affiliation: Adult Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK. Electronic address: Carolyn.Cowperthwaite@lhch.nhs.uk.
authors.forename: Carolyn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cowperthwaite
authors.affiliation: Adult Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK. Electronic address: Clare.Sumner@lhch.nhs.uk.
authors.forename: Clare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sumner
authors.affiliation: School of Health, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK. Electronic address: MAHurley@uclan.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Margaret A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hurley
authors.affiliation: Child Division, University of Miami, Miami, USA. Electronic address: aquittner@miami.edu.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Quittner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D000367:Age Factors; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000523:psychology*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D006113:United Kingdom; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Anxiety; Cystic fibrosis; Depression; HADS; Management; Prevalence