title: Shuttling of information between the mucosal and luminal environment drives intestinal homeostasis.
abstract: The gastrointestinal tract is a passageway for dietary nutrients, microorganisms and xenobiotics. The gut is home to diverse bacterial communities forming the microbiota. While bacteria and their metabolites maintain gut homeostasis, the host uses innate and adaptive immune mechanisms to cope with the microbiota and luminal environment. In recent years, multiple bi-directional instructive mechanisms between microbiota, luminal content and mucosal immune systems have been uncovered. Indeed, epithelial and immune cell-derived mucosal signals shape microbiota composition, while microbiota and their by-products shape the mucosal immune system. Genetic and environmental perturbations alter gut mucosal responses which impact on microbial ecology structures. On the other hand, changes in microbiota alter intestinal mucosal responses. In this review, we discuss how intestinal epithelial Paneth and goblet cells interact with the microbiota, how environmental and genetic disorders are sensed by endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy responses, how specific bacteria, bacterial- and diet-derived products determine the function and activation of the mucosal immune system. We will also discuss the critical role of HDAC activity as a regulator of immune and epithelial cell homeostatic responses.
authors.affiliation: Département d'anatomie et biologie cellulaire, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Pavillon de recherche appliquée sur le cancer, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1E 4K8, Canada. Electronic address: Claude.Asselin@USherbrooke.ca.
authors.forename: Claude
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Asselin
authors.affiliation: Département d'anatomie et biologie cellulaire, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Pavillon de recherche appliquée sur le cancer, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1E 4K8, Canada.
authors.forename: Fernand-Pierre
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Gendron
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D059865:Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress; D004777:Environment; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D064307:Microbiota; D018336:Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018336:Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon
keywords: Ah receptor; Butyrate; ER stress and autophagy; Goblet and Paneth cell; HDAC; T-regulatory cell