title: A prospective, randomized, controlled trial assessing diazepam to reduce perception and recall of pain during transrectal ultrasonography-guided biopsy of the prostate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The effect of oral anxiolytics in diminishing patient discomfort and pain perception has been demonstrated in GI endoscopy, percutaneous coronary interventions, and various procedures in the emergency department setting, but has not been prospectively studied in the setting of prostate biopsy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of diazepam on pain perception during and after prostate biopsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty patients undergoing prostate biopsy at a single academic institution were enrolled into a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study. A questionnaire was administered prebiopsy to determine baseline discomfort and pain history. A visual analog pain scale was used to determine pain associated with each step of the transrectal Ultrasonography-guided prostate biopsy and was administered 20 minutes after biopsy and 1 week later. Responses were compared between groups using the Mann-Whitney U test, Fisher exact test, and Wilcoxon signed rank test as appropriate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 60 patients (29 diazepam, 31 placebo) completed pre- and postbiopsy surveys for analysis. The number of cores sampled during biopsy was controlled during analysis and was found to have no correlation with total pain measured. There were no differences between diazepam and placebo groups in age, prebiopsy survey results, immediate and 1 week postbiopsy survey results. There was no difference in the patients' willingness to undergo a repeated procedure in the control and treatment groups. Complications of taking diazepam prebiopsy included drowsiness, chills, and ankle injury.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diazepam does not improve patient pain perception immediately after or at 1-week recall after prostate biopsy. Omitting diazepam simplifies the biopsy regimen and allows the patient to drive himself home. Based on these results, routine use of diazepam in prostate biopsy is not recommended.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Loma Linda University Medical Center , Loma Linda, California.
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Herbert C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Ruckle
authors.forename: Jon D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Creech
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Culpepper
authors.forename: Michelle A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Lightfoot
authors.forename: Muhannad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alsyouf
authors.forename: Lesli
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nicolay
authors.forename: Forrest
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jellison
authors.forename: D Duane
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Baldwin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003975:Diazepam / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D061765:Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D058748:Pain Perception / Q000187:drug effects*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011467:Prostate / Q000473:pathology*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D003975:Diazepam