title: On the history of opium
abstract: Most likely, opium was the first narcotic substance discovered at the dawn of humankind. The history of drug addiction is immensely rich and allows for tracing the long way humankind had to travel to reach the contemporary level of consciousness with respect to narcotic substances. A retrospective view of drug addiction that takes into consideration the historical context, while extending our knowledge, also allows for a better understanding of today's problems. The report presents elements of a retrospective view of problems associated with addiction to opium, morphine and heroin over the centuries, what is a subject of scientific interest in contemporary toxicology.
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kłys
authors.forename: Martyna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maciów-Głab
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rojek
mesh_terms: D014943:Global Health; D003932:Heroin / Q000266:history; D006556:Heroin Dependence / Q000266:history; D049668:History, 15th Century; D049669:History, 16th Century; D049670:History, 17th Century; D049671:History, 18th Century; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D049690:History, Ancient; D049691:History, Medieval; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs / Q000266:history*; D007880:Legislation, Drug / Q000266:history*; D009020:Morphine / Q000266:history; D009021:Morphine Dependence / Q000266:history; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000266:history*; D009892:Opium / Q000266:history*; D011639:Public Opinion
chemical_list: D013287:Illicit Drugs; D003932:Heroin; D009020:Morphine; D009892:Opium