title: The use of Hibiscus esculentus (Okra) gum in sustaining the release of propranolol hydrochloride in a solid oral dosage form.
abstract: The effectiveness of Okra gum in sustaining the release of propranolol hydrochloride in a tablet was studied. Okra gum was extracted from the pods of Hibiscus esculentus using acetone as a drying agent. Dried Okra gum was made into powder form and its physical and chemical characteristics such as solubility, pH, moisture content, viscosity, morphology study using SEM, infrared study using FTIR, crystallinity study using XRD, and thermal study using DSC and TGA were carried out. The powder was used in the preparation of tablet using granulation and compression methods. Propranolol hydrochloride was used as a model drug and the activity of Okra gum as a binder was compared by preparing tablets using a synthetic and a semisynthetic binder which are hydroxylmethylpropyl cellulose (HPMC) and sodium alginate, respectively. Evaluation of drug release kinetics that was attained from dissolution studies showed that Okra gum retarded the release up to 24 hours and exhibited the longest release as compared to HPMC and sodium alginate. The tensile and crushing strength of tablets was also evaluated by conducting hardness and friability tests. Okra gum was observed to produce tablets with the highest hardness value and lowest friability. Hence, Okra gum was testified as an effective adjuvant to produce favourable sustained release tablets with strong tensile and crushing strength.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Medical Faculty, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Nurul Dhania
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9989-2974
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Zaharuddin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Medical Faculty, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mohamed Ibrahim
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Noordin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Medical Faculty, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kadivar
mesh_terms: D028483:Abelmoschus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D000284:Administration, Oral; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004304:Dosage Forms; D007700:Kinetics; D053149:Plant Gums / Q000737:chemistry*; D062087:Plant Mucilage / Q000737:chemistry; D011433:Propranolol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013607:Tablets; D013818:Thermogravimetry; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004304:Dosage Forms; D053149:Plant Gums; D062087:Plant Mucilage; D013607:Tablets; D011433:Propranolol