title: Gender differences in publication productivity, academic position, career duration, and funding among U.S. academic radiation oncology faculty.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to analyze gender differences in rank, career duration, publication productivity, and research funding among radiation oncologists at U.S. academic institutions.
  
  
  METHODS
  For 82 domestic academic radiation oncology departments, the authors identified current faculty and recorded their academic rank, degree, and gender. The authors recorded bibliographic metrics for physician faculty from a commercially available database (Scopus, Elsevier BV), including numbers of publications from 1996 to 2012 and h-indices. The authors then concatenated these data with National Institutes of Health (NIH) funding per Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tools. The authors performed descriptive and correlative analyses, stratifying by gender and rank.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 1,031 faculty, 293 (28%) women and 738 (72%) men, men had a higher median m-index, 0.58 (range 0-3.23) versus 0.47 (0-2.5) (P < .05); h-index, 8 (0-59) versus 5 (0-39) (P < .05); and publication number, 26 (0-591) versus 13 (0-306) (P < .05). Men were more likely to be senior faculty and receive NIH funding. After stratifying for rank, these differences were largely nonsignificant. On multivariate analysis, there were correlations between gender, career duration and academic position, and h-index (P < .01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Determinants of a successful career in academic medicine are multifactorial. Data from radiation oncologists show a systematic gender association, with fewer women achieving senior faculty rank. However, women achieving seniority have productivity metrics comparable to those of male counterparts. This suggests that early career development and mentorship of female faculty may narrow productivity disparities.
authors.affiliation: Dr. Holliday is a second-year radiation oncology resident, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Dr. Jagsi is associate professor of radiation oncology and associate chair for faculty affairs, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Dr. Wilson is professor of therapeutic radiology and of dermatology; and vice chairman, clinical director, therapeutic radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut. Dr. Choi is a fifth-year radiation oncology resident, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois. Dr. Thomas is professor and chair of radiation medicine, Oregon Health & Science University Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, Oregon. Dr. Fuller is assistant professor of radiation oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, and has a joint faculty appointment, Department of Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, Oregon.
authors.forename: Emma B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Holliday
authors.forename: Reshma
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jagsi
authors.forename: Lynn D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Mehee
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Charles R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Clifton D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Fuller
mesh_terms: D000046:Academic Medical Centers / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends; D000328:Adult; D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002322:Career Mobility; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005180:Faculty, Medical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007396:Internship and Residency; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008611:Mentors / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009316:National Institutes of Health (U.S.) / Q000191:economics; D011642:Publications / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D018787:Radiation Oncology; D012109:Research Support as Topic; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States