title: Household air quality risk factors associated with childhood pneumonia in urban Dhaka, Bangladesh.
abstract: To inform interventions to reduce the high burden of pneumonia in urban settings such as Kamalapur, Bangladesh, we evaluated household air quality risk factors for radiographically confirmed pneumonia in children. In 2009-2010, we recruited children < 5 years of age with pneumonia and controls from a population-based surveillance for respiratory and febrile illnesses. Piped natural gas was used by 85% of 331 case and 91% of 663 control households. Crowding, a tin roof in the living space, low socioeconomic status, and male sex of the child were risk factors for pneumonia. The living space in case households was 28% less likely than in control households to be cross-ventilated. Particulate matter concentrations were not significantly associated with pneumonia. With increasing urbanization and supply of improved cooking fuels to urban areas, the high burden of respiratory illnesses in urban populations such as Kamalapur may be reduced by decreasing crowding and improving ventilation in living spaces.
authors.affiliation: University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York; International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Pavani K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Ram
authors.forename: Dhiman
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dutt
authors.forename: Benjamin J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Silk
authors.forename: Saumil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Doshi
authors.forename: Carole B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Rudra
authors.forename: Jaynal
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Abedin
authors.forename: Doli
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Goswami
authors.forename: Alicia M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Fry
authors.forename: W Abdullah
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Brooks
authors.forename: Stephen P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Luby
authors.forename: Adam L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Cohen
mesh_terms: D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001459:Bangladesh / Q000453:epidemiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003296:Cooking; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006798:Housing; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014505:Urban Population; D014691:Ventilation
chemical_list: D052638:Particulate Matter