title: Inositol pyrophosphates mediate the effects of aging on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by inhibiting Akt signaling.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) have been proposed as an ideal autologous stem cell source for cell-based therapy for myocardial infarction (MI). However, decreased viability and impaired function of aged MSCs hampered the therapeutic efficacy of engrafted MSCs, and the underlying mechanisms remain unclarified. Here, we investigated the role of inositol phosphates 6 kinase (IP6Ks) inhibition on the therapeutic efficacy of BM-MSCs and its underlying mechanism.
  
  
  METHODS
  BM-MSCs isolated from young (8-week-old) or aged (18-month-old) donor male C57BL/6 mice, were subjected to hypoxia and serum deprivation (H/SD) injury with or without administration of inositol phosphates 6 kinase (IP6Ks) inhibitor TNP (10 μM). MSC apoptosis induced by H/SD was determined by flow cytometry and TUNEL assays. Protein expressions were evaluated by Western blot assay. Furthermore, the paracrine effects of MSCs were measured by reverse transcriptase-polymerized chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Aged BM-MSCs exhibited more Inositol pyrophosphate 7 (IP7) production, compared with young BM-MSCs. Meanwhile, the expression of phospho-Akt (Thr308) was significantly decreased in the aged MSCs, resulting in enhanced Bad activation and decreased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Moreover, the apoptosis in aged BM-MSCs was increased, compared with young BM-MSCs. Furthermore, TNP administration significantly inhibited IP7 production and increased the phosphorylation of Akt under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Meanwhile, IP6Ks inhibition reduced apoptotic index of aged MSCs, associated with decreased expressions of pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and Bad and increased anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. The expressions of angiogenic factors, including VEGF, bFGF, IGF-1 and HGF, were decreased in MSCs from aged mice. In addition, TNP administration enhanced the paracrine efficiency of aged BM-MSCs under normoxic and hypoxic conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates for the first time that IP6Ks and IP7 play critical role in the aging related vulnerability to hypoxic injury and impaired paracrine efficiency of BM-MSCs, which is associated with impaired Akt activation.
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Chuanxu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Xing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Xiujuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Rongqing
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Congye
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Haichang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Dongdong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cao
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000628:therapy; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017856:Phosphotransferases (Phosphate Group Acceptor) / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D017856:Phosphotransferases (Phosphate Group Acceptor)