title: Intake of fruit juice and incidence of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several prospective studies have been conducted to examine the relationship between fruit juice intake and risk of incident type 2 diabetes, but results have been mixed. In the present study, we aimed to estimate the association between fruit juice intake and risk of type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  PubMed and Embase databases were searched up to December 2013. All prospective cohort studies of fruit juice intake with risk of type 2 diabetes were included. The pooled relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for highest vs. lowest category of fruit juice intake were estimated using a random-effects model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of four studies (191,686 participants, including 12,375 with type 2 diabetes) investigated the association between sugar-sweetened fruit juice and risk of incident type 2 diabetes, and four studies (137,663 participants and 4,906 cases) investigated the association between 100% fruit juice and risk of incident type 2 diabetes. A higher intake of sugar-sweetened fruit juice was significantly associated with risk of type 2 diabetes (RR = 1.28, 95%CI = 1.04-1.59, p = 0.02), while intake of 100% fruit juice was not associated with risk of developing type 2 diabetes (RR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.91-1.18, p = 0.62).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings support dietary recommendations to limit sugar-sweetened beverages, such as fruit juice with added sugar, to prevent the development of type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xi
authors.affiliation: Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
authors.forename: Shuangshuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
authors.forename: Zhaolu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
authors.forename: Huan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
authors.forename: Xiuxiu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
authors.forename: Pengcheng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Huai
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States of America.
authors.forename: Weihong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China.
authors.forename: Donghao
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States of America.
authors.forename: Lyn M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Steffen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001628:Beverages / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000209:etiology*; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects; D019422:Dietary Sucrose / Q000009:adverse effects; D005638:Fruit / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D012307:Risk Factors; D013549:Sweetening Agents / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D019422:Dietary Sucrose; D013549:Sweetening Agents