title: Coronary artery calcium score: a review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the foremost cause of death in many countries and hence, its early diagnosis is usually concerned as a major healthcare priority. Coronary artery calcium scoring (CACS) using either electron beam computed tomography (EBCT) or multislice computed tomography (MSCT) has been applied for more than 20 years to provide an early CAD diagnosis in clinical routine practice. Moreover, its association with other body organs has been a matter of vast research.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this review article, techniques of CACS using EBCT and MSCT scanners as well as clinical and research indications of CACS are searched from PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Google Scholar and Scopus databases in a time period between late 1970s through July 2013 and following appropriate selection, dealt with. Moreover, the previous and ongoing research subjects and their results are discussed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The CACS is vastly applied in early detection of CAD and in many other research fields.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CACS has remarkably changed the screening techniques to detect CAD earlier than before and is generally accepted as a standard of reference for determination of risk of further cardiac events.
authors.affiliation: Radiology Department, Modarres Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran ; Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center (ADIR), Tehran, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Abbas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arjmand Shabestari
keywords: Arteries; Atherosclerosis; Calcium; Coronary Artery Disease; Tomography, X-Ray Computed