title: Serum anticholinergic activity: a possible peripheral marker of the anticholinergic burden in the central nervous system in Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: We review the utility of serum anticholinergic activity (SAA) as a peripheral marker of anticholinergic activity (AA) in the central nervous system (CAA). We hypothesize that the compensatory mechanisms of the cholinergic system do not contribute to SAA if their system is intact and that if central cholinergic system deteriorates alone in conditions such as Alzheimer's disease or Lewy body dementia, CAA and SAA are caused by way of hyperactivity of inflammatory system and SAA is a marker of the anticholinergic burden in CNS. Taking into account the diurnal variations in the plasma levels of corticosteroids, which are thought to affect SAA, it should be measured at noon or just afterward.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Kanagawa 224-8503, Japan.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6312-5375
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hori
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Kanagawa 224-8503, Japan ; Tokyo Metropolitan Tobu Medical Center for Persons with Developmental/Multiple Disabilities, Tokyo 136-0075, Japan.
authors.forename: Kimiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Konishi
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Showa University Karasuyama Hospital, Tokyo 157-8577, Japan.
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6848-2235
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tani
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Showa University Karasuyama Hospital, Tokyo 157-8577, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tomioka
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Showa University Karasuyama Hospital, Tokyo 157-8577, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Akita
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuka
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3405-8353
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kitajima
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Kanagawa 224-8503, Japan.
authors.forename: Mari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Kanagawa 224-8503, Japan.
authors.forename: Sachiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Kanagawa 224-8503, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazunari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Azuma
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Kanagawa 224-8503, Japan.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ikuse
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Showa University Karasuyama Hospital, Tokyo 157-8577, Japan.
authors.forename: Norihisa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Akashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Kanagawa 224-8503, Japan.
authors.forename: Misa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hosoi
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Kanagawa 224-8503, Japan.
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jinbo
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Psychopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa University, Tokyo 157-8577, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsugu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hachisu
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000097:blood*; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D000109:Acetylcholine