title: Validation of the friedewald formula in patients with metabolic syndrome.
abstract: Currently, the Friedewald formula (FF) is the main method for evaluating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c). Recently, many limitations have emerged regarding its use, including patients with triglyceride levels ≥400 mg/dL, diabetes mellitus, and kidney or hepatic chronic diseases. We analyzed the use of the FF in patients with metabolic syndrome. We selected patients with known metabolic syndrome that fulfilled the National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) Final Report and excluded patients with triglyceride levels ≥400 mg/dL and chronic liver and/or kidney disease. Using direct assays, we measured total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL-c. Then, LDL-c was estimated using the FF and compared with the LDL-c by direct assay. The sample size was 135 patients. Using the FF, the mean LDL-c value was 124.4 ± 42.1 mg/dL; it was 125.1 ± 38.5 mg/dL by direct assay. The correlation coefficient between these two methods was 0.89, with statistical significance (P  value < 0.001). There were no significant differences between the patients with triglyceride levels >150 mg/dL (P = 0.618). In conclusion, FF is a good method for estimating LDL-c in patients with metabolic syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Rua Imaculada Conceição, Prado Velho, 1155 Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Knopfholz
authors.affiliation: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Rua Imaculada Conceição, Prado Velho, 1155 Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Caio César Diniz
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Disserol
authors.affiliation: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Rua Imaculada Conceição, Prado Velho, 1155 Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Andressa Jardim
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Pierin
authors.affiliation: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Rua Imaculada Conceição, Prado Velho, 1155 Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda Letícia
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Schirr
authors.affiliation: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Rua Imaculada Conceição, Prado Velho, 1155 Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Larissa
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1920-7250
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Streisky
authors.affiliation: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Rua Imaculada Conceição, Prado Velho, 1155 Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lilian Lumi
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Takito
authors.affiliation: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Rua Imaculada Conceição, Prado Velho, 1155 Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Patrícia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Massucheto Ledesma
authors.affiliation: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Rua Imaculada Conceição, Prado Velho, 1155 Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: José Rocha
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Faria-Neto
authors.affiliation: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Rua Imaculada Conceição, Prado Velho, 1155 Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Olandoski
authors.affiliation: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Rua Imaculada Conceição, Prado Velho, 1155 Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Claudio Leinig Pereira
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: da Cunha
authors.affiliation: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Rua Imaculada Conceição, Prado Velho, 1155 Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Antonio Milton
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Bandeira