title: Concentration of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in foods and its dietary exposure in China.
abstract: Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a common plasticizer used in food contact materials that has been reported as an endocrine disruptor. In the present study, DEHP concentrations were analyzed in foods in order to determine dietary exposure among the Chinese population, including the general population (aged 2-100) and four age group, that is children aged 2-6, adolescent aged 7-12, young people aged 13-17 and adults aged 18 years old and above. 1704 food samples were collected during 2011-2012 and categorized into 12 food groups which covered major foods in China. Food consumption data were taken from China National Nutrient and Health Survey which was performed in 2002 and includes data from 68,959 subjects. Mean concentrations of DEHP were combined with individual food consumption data to estimate dietary exposure. It was found that DEHP levels in foods ranged from not detected to 3.41 mg/kg, with highest mean values in meat (0.23 mg/kg) and vegetable oils (0.21 mg/kg). Mean dietary intakes of DEHP in the general population, children, and adults were 2.34, 4.51, 2.03 μg/kg bw per day, respectively. The 97.5% intakes in these populations were 5.22, 8.43, 3.64 μg/kg bw per day, respectively. The main food sources of DEHP dietary intake were cereals (39.44%), drinking water (16.94%) and meat (15.81%) in children, and cereals (44.57%), meat (15.70%) and drinking water (12.28%) for adults. These findings suggested that dietary exposure to DEHP among Chinese population was lower than tolerable daily intake of DEHP and there are no health concerns based on generally accepted exposure limits.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health (China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment), Beijing 100021, China.
authors.forename: Hai-Xia
authors.initials: HX
authors.lastname: Sui
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health (China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment), Beijing 100021, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China.
authors.forename: Ping-Gu
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health (China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment), Beijing 100021, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health (China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment), Beijing 100021, China.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yong
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health (China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment), Beijing 100021, China.
authors.forename: Da-Jin
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health (China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment), Beijing 100021, China.
authors.forename: Ding-Guo
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health (China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment), Beijing 100021, China. Electronic address: liuzhaoping@cfsa.net.cn.
authors.forename: Zhao-Ping
authors.initials: ZP
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China; D004032:Diet; D004051:Diethylhexyl Phthalate / Q000032:analysis*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010968:Plasticizers / Q000032:analysis*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D010968:Plasticizers; D004051:Diethylhexyl Phthalate
keywords: Chinese population; DEHP; Risk assessment