title: Transition temperature range of thermally activated nickel-titanium archwires.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The shape memory resulting from the superelasticity and thermoelastic effect is the main characteristic of thermally activated NiTi archwires and is closely related to the transition temperature range (TTR). The aim of this study was to evaluate the TTR of thermally activated NiTi archwires commercially available.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven different brands of 0.019" x 0.025" thermally activated nickel-titanium archwires were tested as received by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) over the temperature range from -100 °C to 150 °C at 10 °C/min.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All thermally activated NiTi archwires analyzed presented stage transformation during thermal scanning with final austenitic temperature (Af) ranging from 20.39 °C to 45.42 °C. Three brands of NiTi archwires presented Af close to the room temperature and, this way, do not present properties of shape memory and pseudoelasticity that are desirable in clinical applications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The thermally activated NiTi archwires present great variability in the TTR and the elastic parameters of each NiTi archwire should be provided by the manufacturers, to allow achievement of the best clinical performance possible.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Inga Faculty, Maringa, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tatiana Sobottka
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Spini
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Inga Faculty, Maringa, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fabricio Pinelli
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Valarelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Inga Faculty, Maringa, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodrigo Hermont
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Cançado
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Inga Faculty, Maringa, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Karina Maria Salvatore de
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Freitas
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Materials, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Denis Jardim
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Villarinho
mesh_terms: D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D003080:Cold Temperature; D004548:Elasticity; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008422:Materials Testing; D009532:Nickel / Q000737:chemistry*; D009969:Orthodontic Wires; D012016:Reference Values; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D044366:Transition Temperature
chemical_list: C040654:titanium nickelide; D009532:Nickel; D014025:Titanium