title: Comparison of recovery characteristics, postoperative nausea and vomiting, and gastrointestinal motility with total intravenous anesthesia with propofol versus inhalation anesthesia with desflurane for laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A randomized controlled study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Clinical effects, recovery characteristics, and costs of total intravenous anesthesia with different inhalational anesthetics have been investigated and compared; however, there are no reported clinical studies focusing on the effects of anesthesia with propofol and desflurane in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine the effects of total intravenous anesthesia with propofol and alfentanil compared with those of desflurane and alfentanil on recovery characteristics, postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), duration of hospitalization, and gastrointestinal motility.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I or II undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy due to benign gallbladder disease were enrolled in the study. Patients were randomly assigned at a 1:1 ratio to receive total intravenous anesthesia with propofol (2-2.5 mg/kg) and alfentanil (20 μg/kg) or desflurane (4%-6%) and alfentanil (20 μg/kg). Perioperative management during premedication, intraoperative analgesia, relaxation, ventilation, and postoperative analgesia were carried out identically in the 2 groups. Extubation time, recovery time, PONV, postoperative antiemetic requirement, time to gastrointestinal motility and flatus, duration of hospitalization, and adverse effects were recorded. Postoperative pain was assessed using a visual analogue scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-eight patients were assessed for inclusion in the study; 5 were excluded because they chose open surgery and 3 did not complete the study because they left the hospital. Sixty patients (33 women, 27 men) completed the study. Recovery time was significantly shorter in the propofol group (n = 30) compared with the desflurane group (n = 30) (8.0 [0.77] vs 9.2 [0.66] min, respectively; P < 0.005). Fifteen patients (50.0%) in the propofol group and 20 patients (66.7%) in the desflurane group experienced nausea during the first 24 hours after surgery. The difference was not considered significant. In the propofol group, significantly fewer patients had vomiting episodes compared with those in the desflurane group (2 [6.7%] vs 16 [53.3%]; P < 0.005). Significantly fewer patients in the propofol group required analgesic medication in the first 24 hours after surgery compared with those in the desflurane group (10 [33.3%] vs 15 [50.0%]; P < 0.005). Patients in the propofol group experienced bowel movements in a significantly shorter period of time compared with patients in the desflurane group (8.30 [1.67] vs 9.76 [1.88] hours; P = 0.02). The mean time to flatus occurred significantly sooner after surgery in the propofol group than in the desflurane group (8.70 [1.79] vs 9.46 [2.09] hours; P = 0.01). The duration of hospitalization after surgery was significantly shorter in the propofol group than in the desflurane group (40.60 [3.49] vs 43.60 [3.56] hours; P = 0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Total intravenous anesthesia with propofol and alfentanil was associated with a significantly reduced rate of PONV and analgesic consumption, shortened recovery time and duration of hospitalization, accelerated onset of bowel movements, and increased patient satisfaction compared with desflurane and alfentanil in these patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery who completed the study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, School of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Antakya, Hatay, Turkey.
authors.forename: B Cagla Ozbakis
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Akkurt
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Antakya, Hatay, Turkey.
authors.forename: Muhyittin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Temiz
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, School of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Antakya, Hatay, Turkey.
authors.forename: Kerem
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inanoglu
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Antakya, Hatay, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aslan
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, School of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Antakya, Hatay, Turkey.
authors.forename: Selim
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Turhanoglu
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, School of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Antakya, Hatay, Turkey.
authors.forename: Zeynel
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Asfuroglu
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Antakya, Hatay, Turkey.
authors.forename: Elif
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Canbolant
keywords: alfentanil; desflurane; laparoscopic cholecystectomy; propofol; total intravenous anesthesia