title: Can human mannequin-based simulation provide a feasible and clinically acceptable method for training tracheostomy management skills for speech-language pathologists?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Workplace training for tracheostomy management is currently recognized to be inconsistent and insufficient. A novel approach, using technology-enhanced simulation, may provide a solution to training tracheostomy management skills by providing a consistent, time-efficient, and risk-free learning environment. The current research evaluated clinicians' tracheostomy skills acquisition after training in a simulated learning environment and explored changes in clinicians' confidence and perceptions after the experience.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-two clinicians with no or low levels of tracheostomy skill attended one of six, 1-day simulation courses. The training involved both part-task skill learning and immersive simulated scenarios. To evaluate clinicians' acquisition of manual skills, performance of core tasks during the scenarios was assessed by independent observers. Questionnaires were used to examine perceived outcomes, benefits, and perceptions of the learning environment at pre-, post-, and 4 months post-training.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only 1 clinician failed to successfully execute all core practical tasks. Clinicians' confidence increased significantly ( p < .05) from pre- to post-workshop and was maintained to 4 months post-workshop across most parameters. All clinicians reported positive perceptions regarding their learning outcomes and learning in a simulated environment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings validate the use of simulation as a clinical training medium and support its future use in tracheostomy competency-training pathways.
authors.forename: Elizabeth C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: Sonia C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: Laurelie R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Wall
authors.forename: Brooke L J
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Duggan
authors.forename: Kelli L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Hancock
authors.forename: Lynell V
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Bassett
authors.forename: Trent J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Hyde
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003479:Curriculum; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007318:Inservice Training; D008297:Male; D008348:Manikins; D013066:Speech-Language Pathology / Q000193:education*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014139:Tracheostomy / Q000193:education*