title: Asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap syndrome (ACOS): current literature review.
abstract: Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are chronic diseases, very common in general population. These obstructive airway illnesses are manifested with chronic inflammation affecting the whole respiratory tract. Obstruction is usually intermittent and reversible in asthma, but is progressive and irreversible in COPD. Asthma and COPD may overlap and converge, especially in older people [overlap syndrome-asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap syndrome (ACOS)]. Although ACOS accounts approximately 15-25% of the obstructive airway diseases, is not well recognised because of the structure of clinical trials. COPD studies exclude asthma patients and asthma studies exclude COPD patients, respectively. It is crucial to define asthma, COPD and overlap syndrome (ACOS), as notable clinical entities, which they share common pathologic and functional features, but they are characterized from differences in lung function, acute exacerbations, quality of life, hospital impact and mortality.
authors.affiliation: 1 Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 2 Cardiology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Clinic, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece ; 3 Surgery Department (NHS), University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 4 Internal Medicine Department, "Theageneio" Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 5 Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ioannina, School of Medicine, Greece ; 6 Anesthisiology Department, 7 Oncology Department, 8 Cardiology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Clinic, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece.
authors.forename: Antonis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Papaiwannou
authors.affiliation: 1 Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 2 Cardiology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Clinic, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece ; 3 Surgery Department (NHS), University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 4 Internal Medicine Department, "Theageneio" Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 5 Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ioannina, School of Medicine, Greece ; 6 Anesthisiology Department, 7 Oncology Department, 8 Cardiology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Clinic, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zarogoulidis
authors.affiliation: 1 Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 2 Cardiology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Clinic, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece ; 3 Surgery Department (NHS), University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 4 Internal Medicine Department, "Theageneio" Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 5 Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ioannina, School of Medicine, Greece ; 6 Anesthisiology Department, 7 Oncology Department, 8 Cardiology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Clinic, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece.
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Porpodis
authors.affiliation: 1 Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 2 Cardiology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Clinic, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece ; 3 Surgery Department (NHS), University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 4 Internal Medicine Department, "Theageneio" Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 5 Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ioannina, School of Medicine, Greece ; 6 Anesthisiology Department, 7 Oncology Department, 8 Cardiology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Clinic, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece.
authors.forename: Dionysios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Spyratos
authors.affiliation: 1 Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 2 Cardiology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Clinic, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece ; 3 Surgery Department (NHS), University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 4 Internal Medicine Department, "Theageneio" Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 5 Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ioannina, School of Medicine, Greece ; 6 Anesthisiology Department, 7 Oncology Department, 8 Cardiology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Clinic, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece.
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kioumis
authors.affiliation: 1 Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 2 Cardiology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Clinic, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece ; 3 Surgery Department (NHS), University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 4 Internal Medicine Department, "Theageneio" Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 5 Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ioannina, School of Medicine, Greece ; 6 Anesthisiology Department, 7 Oncology Department, 8 Cardiology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Clinic, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece.
authors.forename: Georgia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pitsiou
authors.affiliation: 1 Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 2 Cardiology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Clinic, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece ; 3 Surgery Department (NHS), University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 4 Internal Medicine Department, "Theageneio" Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 5 Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ioannina, School of Medicine, Greece ; 6 Anesthisiology Department, 7 Oncology Department, 8 Cardiology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Clinic, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece.
authors.forename: Athanasia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pataka
authors.affiliation: 1 Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 2 Cardiology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Clinic, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece ; 3 Surgery Department (NHS), University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 4 Internal Medicine Department, "Theageneio" Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 5 Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ioannina, School of Medicine, Greece ; 6 Anesthisiology Department, 7 Oncology Department, 8 Cardiology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Clinic, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece.
authors.forename: Kosmas
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsakiridis
authors.affiliation: 1 Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 2 Cardiology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Clinic, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece ; 3 Surgery Department (NHS), University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 4 Internal Medicine Department, "Theageneio" Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 5 Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ioannina, School of Medicine, Greece ; 6 Anesthisiology Department, 7 Oncology Department, 8 Cardiology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Clinic, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece.
authors.forename: Stamatis
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arikas
authors.affiliation: 1 Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 2 Cardiology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Clinic, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece ; 3 Surgery Department (NHS), University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 4 Internal Medicine Department, "Theageneio" Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 5 Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ioannina, School of Medicine, Greece ; 6 Anesthisiology Department, 7 Oncology Department, 8 Cardiology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Clinic, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mpakas
authors.affiliation: 1 Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 2 Cardiology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Clinic, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece ; 3 Surgery Department (NHS), University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 4 Internal Medicine Department, "Theageneio" Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 5 Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ioannina, School of Medicine, Greece ; 6 Anesthisiology Department, 7 Oncology Department, 8 Cardiology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Clinic, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece.
authors.forename: Theodora
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsiouda
authors.affiliation: 1 Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 2 Cardiology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Clinic, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece ; 3 Surgery Department (NHS), University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 4 Internal Medicine Department, "Theageneio" Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 5 Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ioannina, School of Medicine, Greece ; 6 Anesthisiology Department, 7 Oncology Department, 8 Cardiology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Clinic, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece.
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Katsikogiannis
authors.affiliation: 1 Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 2 Cardiology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Clinic, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece ; 3 Surgery Department (NHS), University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 4 Internal Medicine Department, "Theageneio" Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 5 Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ioannina, School of Medicine, Greece ; 6 Anesthisiology Department, 7 Oncology Department, 8 Cardiology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Clinic, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece.
authors.forename: Ioanna
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kougioumtzi
authors.affiliation: 1 Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 2 Cardiology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Clinic, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece ; 3 Surgery Department (NHS), University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 4 Internal Medicine Department, "Theageneio" Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 5 Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ioannina, School of Medicine, Greece ; 6 Anesthisiology Department, 7 Oncology Department, 8 Cardiology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Clinic, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece.
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Machairiotis
authors.affiliation: 1 Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 2 Cardiology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Clinic, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece ; 3 Surgery Department (NHS), University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 4 Internal Medicine Department, "Theageneio" Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 5 Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ioannina, School of Medicine, Greece ; 6 Anesthisiology Department, 7 Oncology Department, 8 Cardiology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Clinic, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece.
authors.forename: Stavros
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Siminelakis
authors.affiliation: 1 Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 2 Cardiology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Clinic, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece ; 3 Surgery Department (NHS), University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 4 Internal Medicine Department, "Theageneio" Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 5 Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ioannina, School of Medicine, Greece ; 6 Anesthisiology Department, 7 Oncology Department, 8 Cardiology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Clinic, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kolettas
authors.affiliation: 1 Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 2 Cardiology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Clinic, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece ; 3 Surgery Department (NHS), University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 4 Internal Medicine Department, "Theageneio" Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 5 Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ioannina, School of Medicine, Greece ; 6 Anesthisiology Department, 7 Oncology Department, 8 Cardiology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Clinic, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kessis
authors.affiliation: 1 Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 2 Cardiology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Clinic, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece ; 3 Surgery Department (NHS), University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 4 Internal Medicine Department, "Theageneio" Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 5 Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ioannina, School of Medicine, Greece ; 6 Anesthisiology Department, 7 Oncology Department, 8 Cardiology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Clinic, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Beleveslis
authors.affiliation: 1 Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 2 Cardiology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Clinic, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece ; 3 Surgery Department (NHS), University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 4 Internal Medicine Department, "Theageneio" Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 5 Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ioannina, School of Medicine, Greece ; 6 Anesthisiology Department, 7 Oncology Department, 8 Cardiology Department, "Saint Luke" Private Clinic, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece.
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zarogoulidis
keywords: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); asthma; overlap