title: Gastroprotective effect of epoxy clerodane diterpene isolated from Tinospora cordifolia Miers (Guduchi) on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats.
abstract: The present study evaluated the gastroprotective effect of epoxy clerodane diterpene (ECD), isolated from Tinospora cordifolia on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats. Administration of indomethacin exhibits extreme levels of ulcer index (UI) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Indomethacin down regulated PGE2, anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10) and pro-angiogenic factors (VEGF and EGF). The ECD pretreatment considerably increased the levels of PGE2, anti-inflammatory cytokines and pro-angiogenic factors. The ulcer-healing activity of ECD was inhibited by pre-administration of the specific COX-1 inhibitor (SC560) and nonspecific NOS inhibitor (L-NAME), which indicates the involvement of PGE2 and NOS in ECD induced ulcer healing activity. These findings suggest that ECD exerts its antiulcer activity by reinforcement of defensive elements and diminishing the offensive elements.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Biosafety Research Institute, 664-14, 1GA, Duckjin-Dong, Duckjin-Gu, Jeonju City, Jeollabuk-Do 561-756, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Paulrayer
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Antonisamy
authors.affiliation: Division of Ethnopharmacology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai 600 034, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Muniyappan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dhanasekaran
authors.affiliation: Division of Ethnopharmacology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai 600 034, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Savarimuthu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ignacimuthu
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box No. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Veeramuthu
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Duraipandiyan
authors.affiliation: Division of Ethnopharmacology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai 600 034, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Joseph Devadass
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Balthazar
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Loyola College, Chennai 600 034, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Agastian
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Biosafety Research Institute, 664-14, 1GA, Duckjin-Dong, Duckjin-Gu, Jeonju City, Jeollabuk-Do 561-756, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: jhkim1@jbnu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jong-Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D045785:Diterpenes, Clerodane / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013276:Stomach Ulcer / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D031610:Tinospora / Q000737:chemistry*; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute
chemical_list: C543871:(5R,10R)-4R,8R-dihydroxy-2S,3R:15,16-diepoxycleroda-13(16),17,12S:18,1S-dilactone; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D016207:Cytokines; D045785:Diterpenes, Clerodane; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D020011:Protective Agents; D011720:Pyrazoles; C115461:SC 560; D015232:Dinoprostone; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; D007213:Indomethacin
keywords: Antiulcer; Epoxy clerodane diterpene; Gastric ulcer; Tinospora cordifolia; Ulcer index