title: Achieving competency in bronchoscopy: challenges and opportunities.
abstract: Bronchoscopy education is undergoing significant changes in step with other medical and surgical specialties that seek to incorporate simulation-based training and objective measurement of procedural skills into training programmes. Low- and high-fidelity simulators are now available and allow learners to gain fundamental bronchoscopy skills in a zero-risk environment. Testing trainees on simulators is currently possible by using validated assessment tools for both essential bronchoscopy and endobronchial ultrasound skills, and more tools are under development for other bronchoscopic techniques. Educational concepts including the 'flipped classroom' model and problem-based learning exercises are increasingly used in bronchoscopy training programmes. These learner-centric teaching modalities require well-trained educators, which is possible thorough the expansion of existing faculty development programmes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: David I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Fielding
authors.forename: Fabien
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Maldonado
authors.forename: Septimiu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Murgu
mesh_terms: D001999:Bronchoscopy / Q000193:education / Q000379:methods; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003198:Computer Simulation / Q000639:trends; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D004521:Educational Measurement / Q000379:methods; D004522:Educational Status; D006801:Humans; D018794:Problem-Based Learning / Q000379:methods; D015272:Pulmonary Medicine / Q000193:education / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D014481:United States
keywords: bronchoscopy; competency; education; interventional pulmonology; training