title: Exploratory trial of intranasal administration of glucagon-like peptide-1 in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of our newly developed nasal glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) compound and injector.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six patients with type 2 diabetes were enrolled in this double-blind placebo-controlled study. The nasal compound containing 1.2 mg of human GLP-1 (7-36) amide or placebo was administered immediately before every meal for 2 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The plasma peak concentration of active GLP-1 was 47.2 pmol/L, and its Tmax was 8.1 min. The early phase of insulin and glucagon secretion were recovered and suppressed, respectively, in the GLP-1 group. Glycoalbumin levels became significantly lower and 1,5-anhydroglucitol levels significantly higher after GLP-1 administration. No marked adverse events were observed after using nasal GLP-1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The newly developed nasal GLP-1 compound may be a potential treatment for type 2 diabetes. The long-term application of the drug should be evaluated in future trials.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Masanari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mizuta
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomomi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shiiya
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Wakaba
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tsuchimochi
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Noma
authors.affiliation: SPG Technology Co., Ltd, Miyazaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Noboru
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.affiliation: SPG Technology Co., Ltd, Miyazaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsuteru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujihara
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan nakazato@med.miyazaki-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Masamitsu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakazato
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005934:Glucagon / Q000378:metabolism*; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D005934:Glucagon