title: A medical diagnostic tool based on radial basis function classifiers and evolutionary simulated annealing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The profusion of data accumulating in the form of medical records could be of great help for developing medical decision support systems. The objective of this paper is to present a methodology for designing data-driven medical diagnostic tools, based on neural network classifiers.
  
  
  METHODS
  The proposed approach adopts the radial basis function (RBF) neural network architecture and the non-symmetric fuzzy means (NSFM) training algorithm, which presents certain advantages including better approximation capabilities and shorter computational times. The novelty in this work consists of adapting the NSFM algorithm to train RBF classifiers, and suitably tailoring the evolutionary simulated annealing (ESA) technique to optimize the produced RBF models. The integration of ESA is critical as it helps the optimization procedure to escape from local minima, which could arise from the application of the traditional simulated annealing algorithm, and thus discover improved solutions. The resulting method is evaluated in nine different medical benchmark datasets, where the common objective is to train a suitable classifier. The evaluation includes a comparison with two different schemes for training classifiers, including a standard RBF training technique and support vector machines (SVMs). Accuracy% and the Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC) are used for comparing the performance of the three classifiers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results show that the use of ESA helps to greatly improve the performance of the NSFM algorithm and provide satisfactory classification accuracy. In almost all benchmark datasets, the best solution found by the ESA-NSFM algorithm outperforms the results produced by the SFM algorithm and SVMs, considering either the accuracy% or the MCC criterion. Furthermore, in the majority of datasets, the average solution of the ESA-NSFM population is statistically significantly higher in terms of accuracy% and MCC at the 95% confidence level, compared to the global optimum solution that its rivals could achieve. As far as computational times are concerned, the proposed approach was found to be faster compared to SVMs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study suggest that the ESA-NSFM algorithm can form the basis of a generic method for knowledge extraction from data originating from different kinds of medical records. Testing the proposed approach on a number of benchmark datasets, indicates that it provides increased diagnostic accuracy in comparison with two different classifier training methods.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electronic Engineering, Technological Educational Institute of Athens, Agiou Spiridonos, Aigaleo 12210, Greece. Electronic address: alexx@teiath.gr.
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alexandridis
authors.affiliation: Department of Electronic Engineering, Technological Educational Institute of Athens, Agiou Spiridonos, Aigaleo 12210, Greece.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chondrodima
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted; D017143:Fuzzy Logic; D006801:Humans; D016571:Neural Networks, Computer
keywords: Decision support systems; Evolutionary computation; Medical diagnosis; Neural networks; Radial basis function; Simulated annealing