title: Distribution, quantitative load and characterization of Salmonella associated with swine farms in upper-northern Thailand.
abstract: This study was conducted to analyze the prevalence and quantitative loads of Salmonella spp. on pig farms in Chiang Mai, Lamphun, Thailand to assess loading levels before slaughtering. The serotype diversity, antimicrobial-resistance pattern and pulse-field type of Salmonella spp. were also characterized to assess the dynamic propagation of the pathogen. The Salmonella-positive prevalence was 246/805 (30.56%), and the quantitative loads varied from 1.48 ˜ 4.04 Log10MPN/g, with a mean ± standard deviation of 2.11 ± 0.57. AMP/S/TE (ampicillin/streptomycin/tetracycline) was the highest frequency antimicrobial resistance pattern found in this study. In addition, Salmonella Rissen was the primary serotype in this region. PFGE results indicated the occurrence of infection by cross contamination among pig farms. Our study showed that pork is easily contaminated with this pathogen. Farm control programs must be based on strict biosecurity and hygienic measures, which could further reduce the contamination pressure at slaughterhouses or retail shops.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
authors.forename: Pakpoom
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tadee
authors.forename: Kittipong
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kumpapong
authors.forename: Danai
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sinthuya
authors.forename: Panuwat
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yamsakul
authors.forename: Nipa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chokesajjawatee
authors.forename: Supachai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nuanualsuwan
authors.forename: Suchawan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pornsukarom
authors.forename: Bayleyegn Z
authors.initials: BZ
authors.lastname: Molla
authors.forename: Wondwossen A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Gebreyes
authors.forename: Prapas
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Patchanee
mesh_terms: D000003:Abattoirs; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D058491:Bacterial Load / Q000662:veterinary; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial / Q000662:veterinary; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects*; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field / Q000662:veterinary; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012475:Salmonella / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000635:transmission; D012703:Serotyping / Q000662:veterinary; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000635:transmission; D013785:Thailand / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: Salmonella; characterization; pig; prevalence; quantitative load