title: Ocular findings in children with single umbilical artery: a case series of 14 children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Single umbilical artery (SUA) is the most common malformation of the umbilical cord. However, there have been no studies on the ocular findings in SUA, except for one case report. This study aimed to investigate the ocular findings in children with SUA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen children (eight boys and six girls) with SUA were evaluated retrospectively. All children underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of abnormal ocular findings in children was up to 42.9%. Refractive errors are detected in four eyes (14.3%): myopia ≥-1.50 diopters (D) in one eye (3.6%) and hyperopia ≥+2.00 D in three eyes (10.7%). Epiblepharon was found in three children (21.4%), and strabismus was detected in one child (7.1%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Approximately half of the children with SUA showed abnormal ocular findings, therefore, our case series highlight the need for a comprehensive ocular examination and larger prospective research studies in young patients with SUA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea.
authors.forename: Jongshin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Obsterics & Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyo Hoon
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong-Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hwang
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D005141:Eyelid Diseases / Q000151:congenital* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005143:Eyelids / Q000002:abnormalities*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006956:Hyperopia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009216:Myopia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D058529:Single Umbilical Artery / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013285:Strabismus / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014469:Umbilical Arteries / Q000002:abnormalities*
keywords: Child; Ocular finding; Single umbilical artery