title: Four-dimensional versus 3-dimensional computed tomographic planning for gastric mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study compares dosimetric parameters of 4-dimensional (4D) and 3-dimensional (3D) computed tomographic (CT) planning for gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma in an attempt to identify any potential benefit of 4DCT planning.
  
  
  METHODS
  We identified 18 patients who received definitive 4DCT radiation planning from September 2006 to September 2011 for gastric MALT lymphoma at our institution. In addition to the kidneys and liver, we contoured an internal target volume (ITV) and static clinical target volume (sCTV) for each patient based on the 4D and 3D images, respectively, to develop 3D conformal radiation plans. Using the static and motion plans, we measured the volume of ITV covered by at least 95% of the prescribed dose (V95), the minimum dose received by 95% of the ITV (D95), and the volume of organs receiving at least 20 Gy or 30 Gy (V20 or V30).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Volumes of the ITV, motion liver, left kidney, and right kidney were significantly larger than their static counterparts. The static plan significantly lowered the ITV V95 and D95 compared with the motion plan. However, this undercoverage was significantly associated with the superior-inferior (SI) respiratory excursions. A V95 of >98% was observed in 92% of patients with SI excursions <15 mm versus 33% of patients with SI excursions >15 mm (P = .02). When compared with the motion plan, the static plan also significantly lowered the liver V30 and left kidney V20.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 3DCT planning can result in undercoverage of the ITV and altered estimation of doses to normal structures. However, in patients with limited respiratory excursions (<15 mm), 4D and 3D images generated similar ITV coverage.
authors.affiliation: Harvard Radiation Oncology Program, Boston, Massachusetts. Electronic address: jwjang@partners.org.
authors.forename: Joanne W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Johann G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Mauch
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Andrea K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Ng