title: Effects of dental methacrylates on oxygen consumption and redox status of human pulp cells.
abstract: Several studies have already demonstrated that the incomplete polymerization of resin-based dental materials causes the release of monomers which might affect cell metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, 1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate, urethane dimethacrylate, and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate on (1) cellular energy metabolism, evaluating oxygen consumption rate, glucose consumption, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, and lactate production, and (2) cellular redox status, through the evaluation of glutathione concentration and of the activities of enzymes regulating glutathione metabolism.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human pulp cells were used and oxygen consumption was measured by means of a Clark electrode. Moreover, reactive oxygen species production was quantified. Enzymatic activity and glucose and lactate concentrations were determined through a specific kit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, 1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate, and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate induced a decrease in oxygen consumption rate, an enhancement of glucose consumption, and lactate production, whilst glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glutathione reductase activity were not significantly modified. Moreover, the monomers induced an increase of reactive oxygen species production with a consequent increase of superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymatic activities. A depletion of both reduced and total glutathione was also observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The obtained results indicate that dental monomers might alter energy metabolism and glutathione redox balance in human pulp cells.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nocca
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Cinzia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Callà
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe Ettore
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Martorana
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio di Patologia Clinica, Ospedale M.G. Vannini, Via dell'Acqua Bullicante, 00177 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Loredana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cicillini
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Via G. Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Sandro
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-4317-8031
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rengo
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, C.N.R., c/o Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lupi
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Clinica Odontoiatrica, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cordaro
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Via G. Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Luisa Gozzo
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Via G. Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Gianrico
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-3769-9786
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Spagnuolo
mesh_terms: D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D019803:Glutathione Disulfide / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007773:Lactates / Q000378:metabolism; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects*; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000494:pharmacology; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D011140:Polyurethanes / Q000494:pharmacology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D003764:Dental Materials; D007773:Lactates; D008689:Methacrylates; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; D011140:Polyurethanes; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C029824:urethane dimethacrylate luting resin; C020946:triethylene glycol dimethacrylate; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; C005044:hydroxyethyl methacrylate; D005947:Glucose; C102737:1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate; D019803:Glutathione Disulfide