title: TNF-α promotes gallbladder cancer cell growth and invasion through autocrine mechanisms.
abstract: Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) has been suggested to be a putative tumor promoter gene, and autocrine of TNF-α expression has been found in colon cancer and ovarian cancer. As the role of autocrine TNF-α in human gallbladder cancer has not yet been elucidated, the present study examined the expression of TNF-α in gallbladder cancer-derived cell lines. Based on the data, TNF-α mRNA and TNF-α protein expression differed significantly different between the cell lines. In addition, using siRNA targeting TNF-α, the vector, pGPU-GFP-siTNF-α, was constructed and then transfected into the SGC-996 cells (gallbladder cancer cell line) which express high levels of endogenous TNF-α. In vitro experiments indicated that the silencing of TNF-α in the SGC-996 cells significantly suppressed proliferation and invasion. However, apoptosis was not induced by the silencing of TNF-α. Furthermore, we traced the mechanisms underlying these effects and found that the silencing of TNF-α affected the TNF-α-AKT-NF-κB-Bcl-2 pathway in the SGC-996 cells. Our data provide evidence that autocrine TNF-α plays a role as a tumor promoter gene in gallbladder cancer cells, possibly by promoting proliferation and invasion through autocrine mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Guangwei
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xiaoqian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Nanhong
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Feifei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: She
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yanling
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D015153:Blotting, Western; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000502:physiology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005706:Gallbladder Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha