title: Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of Eastern redcedar heartwood and sapwood using a novel size reduction technique.
abstract: This study investigated the effect of two wood zones (sapwood versus heartwood) and size reduction techniques [Crumbles® (Crumbles® is a registered trademark of Forest Concepts, LLC, Auburn, WA, USA) particles versus ground particles] on wood glucan-to-ethanol yield after acid bisulfite pretreatment and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of Eastern redcedar. SSFs were conducted at 8% solids loading (w/w dry basis) using Accellerase® 1500 at a loading of 46FPU/g glucan and Saccharomyces cerevisiae D5A for ethanol fermentation. The size reduction technique had no effect on ethanol yield. However, sapwood glucan-to-ethanol yields were significantly greater than heartwood yields. The highest wood glucan-to-ethanol yield of 187L/dryMg (95% of theoretical) was achieved with sapwood crumbled particles in 240h. Ground sapwood, crumbled heartwood and ground heartwood achieved ethanol yields of 89%, 81% and 80% of theoretical in 240h, respectively. Preliminary mass balances showed 100% glucan recovery with crumbled sapwood and extensive (72%) delignification.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
authors.forename: Karthikeyan D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Ramachandriya
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA. Electronic address: mark.wilkins@okstate.edu.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wilkins
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
authors.forename: Oscar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Pardo-Planas
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
authors.forename: Hasan K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Atiyeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
authors.forename: Nurhan T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Dunford
authors.affiliation: Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
authors.forename: Salim
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hiziroglu
mesh_terms: D056804:Biofuels; D000431:Ethanol / Q000378:metabolism*; D005285:Fermentation; D005936:Glucans / Q000378:metabolism*; D018653:Juniperus; D010316:Particle Size; D013447:Sulfites; D014934:Wood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels; D005936:Glucans; D013447:Sulfites; D000431:Ethanol; C042345:hydrogen sulfite
keywords: Acid bisulfite pretreatment; Eastern redcedar; Heartwood; SSF; Sapwood