title: Direct implantation versus platelet-rich fibrin-embedded adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in treating rat acute myocardial infarction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study tested whether adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSC) embedded in platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) scaffold is superior to direct ADMSC implantation in improving left ventricular (LV) performance and reducing LV remodeling in a rat acute myocardial infarction (AMI) model of left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) ligation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight male adult Sprague Dawley rats equally divided into group 1 [sham control], group 2 (AMI only), group 3 (AMI+direct ADMSC implantation), and group 4 (AMI+PRF-embedded autologous ADMSC) were sacrificed on day 42 after AMI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LV systolic and diastolic dimensions and volumes, and infarct/fibrotic areas were highest in group 2, lowest in group 1 and significantly higher in group 3 than in group 4, whereas LV performance and LV fractional shortening exhibited a reversed pattern (p<0.005). Protein expressions of inflammation (oxidative stress, IL-1β, MMP-9), apoptosis (mitochondrial Bax, cleaved PARP), fibrosis (Smad3, TGF-β), and pressure-overload biomarkers (BNP, MHC-β) displayed a pattern similar to that of LV dimensions, whereas anti-inflammatory (IL-10), anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2), and anti-fibrotic (Smad1/5, BMP-2) indices showed a pattern similar to that of LV performance among the four groups (all p<0.05). Angiogenesis biomarkers at protein (CXCR4, SDF-1α, VEGF), cellular (CD31+, CXCR4+, SDF-1α+), and immunohistochemical (small vessels) levels, and cardiac stem cell markers (C-kit+, Sca-1+) in infarct myocardium were highest in group 4, lowest in group 1, and significantly higher in group 3 than in group 2 (all p<0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PRF-embedded ADMSC is superior to direct ADMSC implantation in preserving LV function and attenuating LV remodeling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, E-DA Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Cheuk-Kwan
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yen-Yi
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Zhen
authors.affiliation: Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Leu
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tzu-Hsien
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: Basic Science, Nursing Department, Meiho Institute of Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Li-Teh
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jiunn-Jye
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Sheu
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yung-Lung
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chua
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Han-Tan
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Chai
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hung-I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsueh-Wen
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Fan-Yen
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taiwan; Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Taiwan. Electronic address: han.gung@msa.hinet.net.
authors.forename: Hon-Kan
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Yip
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000637:transplantation*; D000818:Animals; D001792:Blood Platelets; D005337:Fibrin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005337:Fibrin
keywords: Acute myocardial infarction; Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell; Angiogenesis; Left ventricular remodeling; Platelet-rich fibrin scaffold