title: Protocatechuic acid improves cognitive deficits and attenuates amyloid deposits, inflammatory response in aged AβPP/PS1 double transgenic mice.
abstract: Protocatechuic acid (PCA), a phenolic compound of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae (RSM), has been found to have a protective effect on improving cognitive deficits in STZ-induced AD rats. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential protection activity of PCA on improving cognitive deficits and attenuating Aβ deposition and inflammatory responses in aged AβPP/PS1 double transgenic AD-model mice. The results of Morris water maze test showed that PCA (100mg/kg) significantly prolonged the mean latency time and the path length of AβPP/PS1 mice. PCA could significantly reduce the number of Aβ positive expressions in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of AβPP/PS1 mice by immunocytochemical assay with Congo red staining and decrease remarkably APP expression level by Western blot analysis (P<0.01). The results from ELISA and Western blot analysis showed that the levels of inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 decreased remarkably by the treatment with PCA (P<0.01). Further, there was a substantial increase of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of AβPP/PS1 mice treated with PCA (P<0.01). The present study provided confirmatory evidence that PCA significantly decreased Aβ deposits, APP and inflammatory response, whereas increased learning and memory ability, as well as enhanced BDNF level. Our findings indicated that PCA is an effective neuroprotective agent for AD therapy. It might be associated with the attenuation on Aβ deposits and inflammation responses involved in the process.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Taizhen
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: The Cardiology Department of the Third Afﬁliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: The Cardiology Department of the Third Afﬁliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhibin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: yaolixue2010@126.com.
authors.forename: Juyuan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000378:metabolism; D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D053764:Presenilin-1 / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D016207:Cytokines; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D053764:Presenilin-1; C580804:presenilin 1, mouse; C009091:protocatechuic acid
keywords: Alzheimer's disease; Amyloid-β; Cognitive deficits; Inflammation; Protocatechuic acid