title: [Clinical guideline 'Turner syndrome'].
abstract: Turner syndrome occurs in women who are missing one X chromosome. The most obvious symptoms are small stature and ovarian failure. Turner patients have an increased risk of a large number of disorders, and should therefore have lifelong medical supervision. Recent insights into patient management have been incorporated into the guidelines. Patients are increasingly involved in their own treatment. In patients with 45,X karyotype, Y-chromosomal material is actively sought in a larger number of cells and/or other tissues, using FISH. Pubertal induction therapy, if required, is initiated at an appropriate age. Egg donation or vitrification are new therapeutic options for fertility treatment. Monitoring for cardiac and vascular disease using cardiac ultrasound and MRI is performed more often, partly in connection with the risk of aortal dissection. The coordination of care of patients with Turner syndrome is concentrated in specialized centres in the Netherlands and Belgium.
authors.affiliation: *Namens het Nederlands-Vlaams Multidisciplinair Netwerk Turner Syndroom. Alle auteurs van de richtlijn worden genoemd aan het eind van dit artikel.
authors.forename: Erica L T
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: van den Akker
authors.forename: A A E M Janiëlle
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: van Alfen
authors.forename: Theo  C J
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sas
authors.forename: Michiel  N
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kerstens
authors.forename: Martine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cools
authors.forename: Cornelis B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Lambalk
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000784:Aortic Dissection / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control; D001014:Aortic Aneurysm / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control; D001530:Belgium; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D059785:Karyotype; D009426:Netherlands; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D027724:Reproductive Techniques, Assisted; D014424:Turner Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics