title: Demographics, bystander CPR, and AED use in out-of-hospital pediatric arrests.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In 2005 the American Heart Association released guidelines calling for routine use of automated external defibrillators during pediatric out-of-hospital arrest. The goal of this study was to determine if these guidelines are used during resuscitations.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a secondary analysis of prospectively collected data from 29 U.S. cities that participate in the Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival (CARES). Patients were included if they were older than 1 year of age and had a documented resuscitation attempt from October 1, 2005 through December 31, 2009 from an arrest presumed to be cardiac in nature. Hierarchical multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the associations between age, demographic factors, and AED use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  129 patients were 1-8 years of age (younger children), 88 patients were 9-17 years of age (older children), and 19,338 patients were ≥18 years of age (adults). When compared to adults, younger children were less likely to be found in a shockable rhythm (young children 11.6%, adults 23.7%) and were less likely to have an AED used (young children 16.3%, adults 28.3%). Older children had a similar prevalence of shockable rhythms as adults (31.8%) and AED use (20.5%). A multivariable analysis demonstrated that, when compared to adults, younger children had decreased odds of having an AED used (OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.26-0.69), but there was no difference in AED use among older children and adults.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Young children suffering from presumed out-of-hospital cardiac arrests are less likely to have a shockable rhythm when compared to adults, and are less likely to have an AED used during resuscitation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO, United States; Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States. Electronic address: m.austin.johnson@gmail.com.
authors.forename: M Austin
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Departments of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.
authors.forename: Brian J H
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Grahan
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO, United States; Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, United States.
authors.forename: Jason S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Haukoos
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.
authors.forename: Bryan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: McNally
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States; Sibley Heart Center Cardiology, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, United States.
authors.forename: Comilla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sasson
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Las Vegas, NV, United States; Las Vegas Fire & Rescue, Las Vegas, NV, United States.
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Slattery
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D047548:Defibrillators / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D058687:Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: AED; CPR; Cardiac arrest; Pediatrics