title: Cortical network dysfunction in musicogenic epilepsy reflecting the role of snowballing emotional processes in seizure generation: an fMRI-EEG study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients suffering from musicogenic epilepsy have focal seizures triggered by auditory stimuli. In some of these patients, the emotions associated with the music appear to play a role in the process triggering the seizure, however, the significance of these emotions and the brain regions involved are unclear. In order to shed some light on this, we conducted fMRI and EEG in a case of musicogenic epilepsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a 32-year-old male patient with seizures induced by a specific piece of Russian music, we performed video-EEG monitoring as well as simultaneous fMRI and EEG registration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Video-EEG monitoring revealed a left temporo-frontal epileptogenic focus. During fMRI-EEG co-registration, BOLD signal alterations were not only found in the epileptogenic focus but also in areas known for their role in the processing of emotions. Prior to a seizure in some of these areas, BOLD contrasts exponentially increased or decreased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that in our case, dysfunction of the regulation processes of the musically-induced emotions, and not the musical stimulus itself, led to the seizures.
authors.affiliation: Sektion Neurophysiologie, Universität Ulm.
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Diekmann
authors.affiliation: Abteilung Neurologie, RKU Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
authors.forename: Anselm Cornelius
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Hoppner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D020195:Epilepsy, Reflex / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D009146:Music / Q000523:psychology; D014741:Video Recording / Q000379:methods
keywords: EEG; emotional process; exponential BOLD changes; fMRI; musicogenic epilepsy