title: Evidence of trem2 variant associated with triple risk of Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: Alzheimer's disease is one of the main causes of dementia among elderly individuals and leads to the neurodegeneration of different areas of the brain, resulting in memory impairments and loss of cognitive functions. Recently, a rare variant that is associated with 3-fold higher risk of Alzheimer's disease onset has been found. The rare variant discovered is a missense mutation in the loop region of exon 2 of Trem2 (rs75932628-T, Arg47His). The aim of this study was to investigate the evidence for potential structural and functional significance of Trem2 gene variant (Arg47His) through molecular dynamics simulations. Our results showed the alteration caused due to the variant in TREM2 protein has significant effect on the ligand binding affinity as well as structural configuration. Based on molecular dynamics (MD) simulation under salvation, the results confirmed that native form of the variant (Arg47His) might be responsible for improved compactness, hence thereby improved protein folding. Protein simulation was carried out at different temperatures. At 300K, the deviation of the theoretical model of TREM2 protein increased from 2.0 Å at 10 ns. In contrast, the deviation of the Arg47His mutation was maintained at 1.2 Å until the end of the simulation (t = 10 ns), which indicated that Arg47His had reached its folded state. The mutant residue was a highly conserved region and was similar to "immunoglobulin V-set" and "immunoglobulin-like folds". Taken together, the result from this study provides a biophysical insight on how the studied variant could contribute to the genetic susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; Genome Research Chair Unit, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Zainularifeen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Abduljaleel
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Faisal A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Al-Allaf
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Sciences, College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Wajahatullah
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Athar
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Naiyer
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shahzad
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mohiuddin M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Taher
authors.affiliation: Genome Research Chair Unit, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Elrobh
authors.affiliation: Genome Research Chair Unit, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mohammed S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Alanazi
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Sciences, College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Waseem
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: El-Huneidi
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D019295:Computational Biology; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D056004:Molecular Dynamics Simulation; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D010641:Phenotype; D017354:Point Mutation; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D055550:Protein Stability; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013816:Thermodynamics
chemical_list: D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D012997:Solvents; C498715:TREM2 protein, human