title: Development and validation of a new multidimensional measure of inspiration: associations with risk for bipolar disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Individuals at risk for, and diagnosed with, bipolar disorder (BD) appear to have heightened levels of creativity. Although inspiration is creativity, the ways in which individuals appraise and respond emotionally to inspiration in BD remain unexplored.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present study reports on a new measure of inspiration (External and Internal Sources of Inspiration Scale--EISI). The reliability and validity of EISI were explored along with associations between EISI and BD risk.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among a cross-national student sample (N = 708) 5 inspiration factors were derived from EISI (self, other, achievement, prosocial and external inspiration). Reliability, concurrent validity and convergent/divergent validity were good. Total EISI and all subscales were associated with increased positive rumination, and total EISI and the achievement EISI subscale were associated with impulsivity. Total EISI, self and prosocial EISI subscales were independently associated with BD risk and current mania symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This new measure of inspiration is multidimensional, reliable and valid. Findings suggest that self and prosocial focused inspiration are particularly associated with risk for BD after controlling for current manic symptoms. Future studies in clinical populations may illuminate the relationships between inspiration and creativity in BD.
authors.affiliation: Spectrum Centre for Mental Health Research, Faculty of Health & Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Spectrum Centre for Mental Health Research, Faculty of Health & Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Alyson
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dodd
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America.
authors.forename: June
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gruber
mesh_terms: D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D003405:Creativity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult