title: Mitogenomic circumscription of a novel percomorph fish clade mainly comprising "Syngnathoidei" (Teleostei).
abstract: Percomorpha, comprising about 60% of modern teleost fishes, has been described as the "(unresolved) bush at the top" of the tree, with its intrarelationships still being ambiguous owing to huge diversity (>15,000 species). Recent molecular phylogenetic studies based on extensive taxon and character sampling, however, have revealed a number of unexpected clades of Percomorpha, and one of which is composed of Syngnathoidei (seahorses, pipefishes, and their relatives) plus several groups distributed across three different orders. To circumscribe the clade more definitely, we sampled several candidate taxa with reference to the previous studies and newly determined whole mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) sequences for 16 percomorph species across syngnathoids, dactylopterids, and their putatively closely-related fishes (Mullidae, Callionymoidei, Malacanthidae). Unambiguously aligned sequences (13,872 bp) from those 16 species plus 78 percomorphs and two outgroups (total 96 species) were subjected to partitioned Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses. The resulting trees revealed a highly supported clade comprising seven families in Syngnathoidei (Gasterosteiformes), Dactylopteridae (Scorpaeniformes), Mullidae in Percoidei and two families in Callionymoidei (Perciformes). We herein proposed to call this clade "Syngnathiformes" following the latest nuclear DNA studies with some revisions on the included families.
authors.affiliation: Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564, Japan. Electronic address: songhy@aori.u-tokyo.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Ha Yeun
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564, Japan.
authors.forename: Kohji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mabuchi
authors.affiliation: National Museum of Nature and Science, Collection Center, 4-1-1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0005, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.affiliation: Florida Atlantic University, Wilkes Honors College, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA & Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution, Fort Pierce, FL 34946, USA.
authors.forename: Jon A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.affiliation: Fisheries Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 2971-4 Bentenjima, Maisaka-cho, Nishi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-0214, Japan.
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamanoue
authors.affiliation: Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba, 955-2 Aoba-cho, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8682, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miya
authors.affiliation: Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564, Japan; University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara-cho, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan.
authors.forename: Mutsumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishida
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D005399:Fishes / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D054629:Genome, Mitochondrial; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010473:Perciformes / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D023701:Smegmamorpha / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial
keywords: Callionymoidei; Dactylopteridae; Mullidae; Percomorpha; Seahorses; Syngnathiformes