title: Identification of clinical phenotypes using cluster analyses in COPD patients with multiple comorbidities.
abstract: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by persistent airflow limitation, the severity of which is assessed using forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1, % predicted). Cohort studies have confirmed that COPD patients with similar levels of airflow limitation showed marked heterogeneity in clinical manifestations and outcomes. Chronic coexisting diseases, also called comorbidities, are highly prevalent in COPD patients and likely contribute to this heterogeneity. In recent years, investigators have used innovative statistical methods (e.g., cluster analyses) to examine the hypothesis that subgroups of COPD patients sharing clinically relevant characteristics (phenotypes) can be identified. The objectives of the present paper are to review recent studies that have used cluster analyses for defining phenotypes in observational cohorts of COPD patients. Strengths and weaknesses of these statistical approaches are briefly described. Description of the phenotypes that were reasonably reproducible across studies and received prospective validation in at least one study is provided, with a special focus on differences in age and comorbidities (including cardiovascular diseases). Finally, gaps in current knowledge are described, leading to proposals for future studies.
authors.affiliation: Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, 27 rue du Faubourg St. Jacques, 75014 Paris, France ; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France ; Initiatives BPCO Study Group, France.
authors.forename: Pierre-Régis
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Burgel
authors.affiliation: Initiatives BPCO Study Group, France ; EFFI-STAT, 75004 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Louis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Paillasseur
authors.affiliation: Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, 27 rue du Faubourg St. Jacques, 75014 Paris, France ; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France ; Initiatives BPCO Study Group, France.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Roche
mesh_terms: D016000:Cluster Analysis; D015897:Comorbidity; D006801:Humans; D010641:Phenotype; D011379:Prognosis; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology*