title: Bioactive compound loaded stable silver nanoparticle synthesis from microwave irradiated aqueous extracellular leaf extracts of Naringi crenulata and its wound healing activity in experimental rat model.
abstract: An efficient and eco-friendly protocol for the synthesis of bioactive silver nanoparticles was developed using Naringi crenulata leaf extracts via microwave irradiation method. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized by treating N. crenulata leaf extracts with 1mM of aqueous silver nitrate solution. An effective bioactive compound such as alkaloids, phenols, saponins and quinines present in the N. crenulata reduces the Ag(+) into Ag(0). The synthesized silver nanoparticles were monitored by UV-vis spectrophotometer and further characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). UV-vis spectroscopy showed maximum absorbance at 390nm due to surface plasmon resonance of AgNPs. From FESEM results, an average crystal size of the synthesized nanoparticle was 72-98nm. FT-IR results showed sharp absorption peaks and they were assigned to phosphine, alkyl halides and sulfonate groups. Silver nanoparticles synthesized were generally found to be spherical and cubic shape. Topical application of ointment prepared from silver nanoparticles of N. crenulata were formulated and evaluated in vivo using the excision wound healing model on Wistar albino rats. The measurement of the wound areas was performed on 3rd, 6th, 9th, 12th and 15th days and the percentage of wound closures was calculated accordingly. By the 15th day, the ointment base containing 5% (w/w) of silver nanoparticles showed 100% wound healing activity compared with that of the reference as well as control bases. The results strongly suggested that the batch C ointment containing silver nanaoparticles synthesized from the leaf extracts of N. crenulata was found to be very effective in wound repair and encourages harnessing the potentials of the plant biomolecules loaded silver nanoparticle in the treatment of tropical diseases including wound healing.
authors.affiliation: Plant Genetic Engineering and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology Periyar University, Periyar Palkalai Nagar, Salem 636011, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bhuvaneswari
authors.affiliation: Plant Genetic Engineering and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology Periyar University, Periyar Palkalai Nagar, Salem 636011, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thiyagarajan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Mother Teresa Women's University, Kodaikanal 624101, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Geetha
authors.affiliation: Plant Genetic Engineering and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology Periyar University, Periyar Palkalai Nagar, Salem 636011, Tamil Nadu, India. Electronic address: pvenkat67@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Venkatachalam
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D008297:Male; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008872:Microwaves; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000627:therapeutic use* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D027821:Rutaceae / Q000737:chemistry; D012834:Silver / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014945:Wound Healing; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D012834:Silver
keywords: Leaf extracts; Naringi crenulata; Ointment; Silver nanoparticles; Wound healing