title: Water exchange in manganese-based water-oxidizing catalysts in photosynthetic systems: from the water-oxidizing complex in photosystem II to nano-sized manganese oxides.
abstract: The water-oxidizing complex (WOC), also known as the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC), of photosystem II in oxygenic photosynthetic organisms efficiently catalyzes water oxidation. It is, therefore, responsible for the presence of oxygen in the Earth's atmosphere. The WOC is a manganese-calcium (Mn₄CaO₅(H₂O)₄) cluster housed in a protein complex. In this review, we focus on water exchange chemistry of metal hydrates and discuss the mechanisms and factors affecting this chemical process. Further, water exchange rates for both the biological cofactor and synthetic manganese water splitting are discussed. The importance of fully unveiling the water exchange mechanism to understand the chemistry of water oxidation is also emphasized here. This article is part of a special issue entitled: photosynthesis research for sustainability: keys to produce clean energy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran; Center of Climate Change and Global Warming, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran. Electronic address: mmnajafpour@iasbs.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Mohammad Mahdi
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Najafpour
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohsen Abbasi
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Isaloo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Julian J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Eaton-Rye
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka 1-3, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tomo
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nishihara
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan; Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
authors.forename: Kimiyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.affiliation: Department de Chimie-Biologie, Université du Quebec à Trois Rivières, 3351, Boulevard des Forges, C.P. 500, Quebec G9A 5H7, Canada.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Carpentier
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan; Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
authors.forename: Jian-Ren
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow 127276, Russia; Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia. Electronic address: suleyman.allakhverdiev@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Suleyman I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Allakhverdiev
mesh_terms: D055162:Biocatalysis; D008345:Manganese / Q000737:chemistry*; D017895:Manganese Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D053758:Nanoparticles; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry*; D010788:Photosynthesis; D045332:Photosystem II Protein Complex / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D017895:Manganese Compounds; D010087:Oxides; D045332:Photosystem II Protein Complex; D014867:Water; D008345:Manganese; C027424:manganese oxide
keywords: Artificial photosynthesis; Manganese; Nano-sized manganese oxide; Oxygenic photosynthesis; Photosystem II; Water exchange; Water-oxidizing complex