title: Single-dose bioequivalence assessment of two formulations of polysaccharide iron complex capsules in healthy adult male Chinese volunteers: A sequence-randomized, double-blind, two-way crossover study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a common nutritional disease worldwide. Iron supplementation is an efficient method for treating patients with IDA. Polysaccharide iron complex is an oral iron supplement that is associated with generally good tolerability and good bioavailability.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of 2 branded formulations of polysaccharide iron complex in healthy adult male Chinese volunteers by determining the pharmacokinetic parameters after single-dose oral admi ni strati on.
  
  
  METHODS
  This sequence-randomized, double-blind, 2-way crossover study was carried out in the Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Medical Sciences of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China. Healthy adult male Chinese volunteers were enrolled and evenly randomized to receive 1 of 2 formulations on day 1. Subjects received an oral dose of 150 mg (1 capsule) of polysaccharide iron complex with 150 mL of warm water in the morning. Capsules were of similar size, shape, and color to ensure blinding. Four hours after administration, the subjects were given standardized meals. After a 1-week washout period, the subjects were crossed over to receive the other formulation in a similar manner. The serum iron concentration 12 hours after study drug administration was determined using atomic-absorption spectrometry. The pharmacokinetic parameters Cmax, Tmax, AUC0-t, and AUC0-∞ were obtained and analyzed using the Schuir mann 2 one-sided t test. The 2 formulations were considered bioequi valent if the test/reference ratios of Cmax, AUC0-t, and their 90% CIs were within the range of 70% to 143% for Cmax and within 80% to 125% for AUC0-t. Tolerability was monitored by inquiring whether the subjects had experienced adverse events (AEs), with a focus on gastrointestinal AEs, during the clinic visits during the 24-hour period after drag administration and subsequently via telephone throughout the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty adult male Chinese volunteers were assessed for inclusion. Twenty healthy male volunteers (10 in each group) (mean [SD] age, 21.5 [2.9] years [range, 19-23 years]; weight, 66.2 [5-8] kg [range, 56-80 kg]; height, 172.5 [5.1] cm [range, 162-180 cm]) were enrolled and completed the study. The pharmacokinetic parameters of the test and reference formulations were as follows: AUCO-t, 6.58 (2.09) and 6.58 (1.91) μg/mL · h(-1); Cmax, 1.10 (0.28) and 1.07 (0.25) μg/mL; Tmax, 3.93 (0.37) and 3-93 (0.37) hours; t½, 8.33 (0.36) and 8.38 (0.41) hours; and AUC0-∞, 6.93 (2.23) and 6.95 (2.13) μg/mL · h(-1), respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in AUC0-∞ or Tmax by formulation, period, or subject between the test and reference formulations. Similarly, there were no statistically significant differences in Cmax by period; however, a significant difference was found in Cmax by formulation (P = 0.012). No clinically significant AEs were reported with either formulation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In these healthy adult male Chinese volunteers, the test formulation of polysaccharide iron complex was found to be bioequivalent to the reference formulation according to the Chinese regulatory definition. A significant difference by formulation was found in Cmax. The sample size was smaller than that recommended by the US Food and Drug Administration for a bioequivalence study, and additional studies with larger sample sizes are needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering & Pharmaceuticals, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
authors.forename: Yuan-Yuan
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering & Pharmaceuticals, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
authors.forename: Jun-Hong
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering & Pharmaceuticals, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering & Pharmaceuticals, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
authors.forename: Ying-Tao
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Lui
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering & Pharmaceuticals, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
authors.forename: Jun-Feng
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Li
keywords: Hongyuanda™; Niferex™; bioequivalence; healthy male volunteers; polysaccharide iron complex