title: Comparison of Forsus FRD EZ and Andresen activator in the treatment of class II, division 1 malocclusions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of Forsus Fatigue-Resistant Device (FRD) EZ and Andresen activator in terms of skeletal, dental, and soft tissue changes in actively growing patients presenting with class II, division 1 malocclusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Study sample included 60 subjects. Inclusion criteria were as follows: class II division 1 malocclusion, retrognathic mandible, normal or low-angle growth pattern, and peak growth period. The first study group consisted of 20 patients who were treated with Forsus appliance, and the second group of 20 patients received treatment with Andresen activator. Control group received no treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results revealed that both appliances enhanced mandibular growth, helped increase the length of the mandible, and had a restraining growth effect on the maxilla. Anterior face height increased in both of treatment groups, whereas posterior face height had a significant increase in the activator group only. More mandibular incisors protrusion and intrusion were seen with the Forsus appliance. Moreover, occlusal plane and palatal plane rotated significantly in clockwise direction as a result of dentoalveolar changes only in the Forsus group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As well as the Forsus appliances corrected class II discrepancies mostly through dentoalveolar changes as compared to the activator group, both appliances proved effective in the treatment of growing individuals having class II malocclusions with mandibular retrognathia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By this investigation, two treatment methods, which are currently used in clinical practice, will be evaluated, and the results will be useful for clinicians.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Mustafa Kemal, Hatay, Turkey, fundagulbilgic@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Fundagül
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bilgiç
authors.forename: Güvenç
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Başaran
authors.forename: Orhan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hamamci
mesh_terms: D000202:Activator Appliances; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D006801:Humans; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000628:therapy*