title: The mesenchymal stem cell-derived microvesicles enhance sciatic nerve regeneration in rat: a novel approach in peripheral nerve cell therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The accomplishment for desired functional peripheral nerve regeneration is still challenging despite various materials and methods. The effects of local application of omental adipose mesenchymal stromal cell-derived microvesicles (MVs) on peripheral nerve regeneration were studied using a rat sciatic nerve transection model.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 10-mm gap of sciatic nerve was bridged with a chitosan conduit. The rats were divided into five experimental groups randomly as follows: cultured undifferentiated omental adipose-derived stromal cells, rest mesenchymal stem cell-derived MVs (c-MVs), anti-inflammatory mesenchymal stem cell-derived MVs (anti-MVs), proinflammatory mesenchymal stem cell-derived MVs (pro-MVs), and negative control (Chit).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The functional assessment of nerve regeneration (walking track analyses), electrophysiologic measurements, muscle mass measurements, as well as histomorphometrical and immunohistochemical indices showed drastic improvement in nerve regeneration in c-MVs and anti-MVs animals compared with pro-MVs animals (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The anti-inflammatory stem cell-derived MVs can be used as an alternative for the improvement of rat sciatic nerve regeneration.
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Clinical Sciences (A.R., S.A.), and Pathobiology (A.A.F.), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, and Department of Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology (N.D.), Institute of Biotechnology, Urmia University; and Neurophysiology Research Center (B.H.), Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; and Department of Veterinary Pathology (K.A.), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
authors.forename: Abbas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Raisi
authors.forename: Saeed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Azizi
authors.forename: Nowruz
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Delirezh
authors.forename: Behnam
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Heshmatian
authors.forename: Amir Abbas
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Farshid
authors.forename: Keyvan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Amini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D064987:Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D055724:Electrophysiological Phenomena; D008297:Male; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D009416:Nerve Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D059348:Peripheral Nerve Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology*; D012584:Sciatic Nerve / Q000293:injuries* / Q000503:physiopathology