title: Distinct cross-reactive B-cell responses to live attenuated and inactivated influenza vaccines.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The immunological bases for the efficacies of the 2 currently licensed influenza vaccines, live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) and inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV), are not fully understood. The goal of this study was to identify specific B-cell responses correlated with the known efficacies of these 2 vaccines.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared the B-cell and antibody responses after immunization with 2010/2011 IIV or LAIV in young adults, focusing on peripheral plasmablasts 6-8 days after vaccination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The quantities of vaccine-specific plasmablasts and plasmablast-derived polyclonal antibodies (PPAbs) in IIV recipients were significantly higher than those in LAIV recipients. No significant difference was detected in the avidity of vaccine-specific PPAbs between the 2 vaccine groups. Proportionally, LAIV induced a greater vaccine-specific immunoglobulin A plasmablast response, as well as a greater plasmablast response to the conserved influenza nuclear protein, than IIV. The cross-reactive plasmablast response to heterovariant strains, as indicated by the relative levels of cross-reactive plasmablasts and the cross-reactive PPAb binding reactivity, was also greater in the LAIV group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Distinct quantitative and qualitative patterns of plasmablast responses were induced by LAIV and IIV in young adults; a proportionally greater cross-reactive response was induced by LAIV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology VA Palo Alto Health Care System, California.
authors.forename: Sanae
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences.
authors.forename: Tyson H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Holmes
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute.
authors.forename: Randy A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Albrecht
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Adolfo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: García-Sastre
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics.
authors.forename: Cornelia L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Dekker
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford VA Palo Alto Health Care System, California.
authors.forename: Xiao-Song
authors.initials: XS
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford VA Palo Alto Health Care System, California.
authors.forename: Harry B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Greenberg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D003429:Cross Reactions / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000276:immunology; D056724:Immunity, Humoral / Q000276:immunology; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000276:immunology; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated
keywords: B-cell response; antibody; influenza vaccine