title: Triadic gaze intervention for young children with physical disabilities.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This randomized controlled study investigated whether a supplemental treatment designed to teach triadic gaze (TG) as a signal of coordinated joint attention would yield a significantly greater increase in TG in the experimental versus control group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen 10- to 24-month-old children with severe motor impairments were randomly assigned to an experimental ( n = 9) or control group ( n = 9). For approximately 29 sessions over 17 weeks, experimental participants received TG treatment twice weekly with a speech-language pathologist in addition to standard practice. Control participants received only standard practice from birth-to-three therapists. Coders who were masked to group assignment coded TG productions with an unfamiliar speech-language pathologist at baseline, every 3 weeks during the experimental phase, and at the final measurement session.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TG increased across groups from baseline to final measurement, with the experimental group showing slightly greater change. Performance trends were examined using experimental phase moving averages. Comparisons revealed significant differences between groups at 2 time points (at 12 weeks, r = .30, a medium effect, and at the end of the phase, r = .50, a large effect).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest the promise of a short-term, focused treatment to teach TG as a behavioral manifestation of coordinated joint attention to children with severe physical disabilities.
authors.forename: Lesley B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Olswang
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dowden
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Feuerstein
authors.forename: Kathryn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Greenslade
authors.forename: Gay Lloyd
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Pinder
authors.forename: Kandace
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fleming
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D019988:Children with Disabilities / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D018479:Early Intervention, Educational; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005403:Fixation, Ocular / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009633:Nonverbal Communication / Q000502:physiology*; D013070:Speech Therapy / Q000379:methods; D013812:Therapeutics