title: Effects of artichoke (Cynara scolymus) leaf and bloom head extracts on chemically induced DNA lesions in Drosophila melanogaster.
abstract: The genotoxicity of bloom head (BHE) and leaf (LE) extracts from artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.), and their ability to modulate the mutagenicity and recombinogenicity of two alkylating agents (ethyl methanesulfonate - EMS and mitomycin C - MMC) and the intercalating agent bleomycin (BLM), were examined using the somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) in Drosophila melanogaster. Neither the mutagenicity nor the recombinogenicity of BLM or MMC was modified by co- or post-treatment with BHE or LE. In contrast, co-treatment with BHE significantly enhanced the EMS-induced genotoxicity involving mutagenic and/or recombinant events. Co-treatment with LE did not alter the genotoxicity of EMS whereas post-treatment with the highest dose of LE significantly increased this genotoxicity. This enhancement included a synergistic increase restricted to somatic recombination. These results show that artichoke extracts promote homologous recombination in proliferative cells of D. melanogaster.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Toxicologia Aplicada, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, RS, Brazil .
authors.forename: Laura Vicedo
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Jacociunas
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Toxicologia Aplicada, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, RS, Brazil . ; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, RS, Brazil .
authors.forename: Rafael Rodrigues
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Dihl
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Toxicologia Aplicada, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, RS, Brazil . ; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, RS, Brazil .
authors.forename: Mauricio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lehmann
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Toxicologia Aplicada, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, RS, Brazil . ; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, RS, Brazil .
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Barros Falcão Ferraz
authors.affiliation: Curso de Biologia Marinha e Costeira, Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil .
authors.forename: Marc François
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Toxicologia Aplicada, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, RS, Brazil . ; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, RS, Brazil .
authors.forename: Juliana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Estomatologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil .
authors.forename: Heloísa Helena Rodrigues
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: de Andrade
keywords: Drosophila melanogaster; SMART; artichoke; recombinogenicity