title: Effects of cold narcosis on memory acquisition, consolidation and retrieval in honeybees (Apis mellifera).
abstract: In learning and memory studies on honeybees (Apis mellifera), cold-induced narcosis has been widely used to temporarily immobilize honeybees. In this study, we investigated the effects of cold narcosis on the associative memories in honeybees by using the proboscis extension response (PER) paradigm. Severe impairments in memory acquisition was found when cold narcosis was performed 30 min, instead of 1 h before training. Locomotor activities were reduced when honeybees were tested 15 min, instead of 30 min after cold narcosis. These results indicate that cold narcosis impairs locomotor activities, as well as memory acquisition in a time-dependent manner, but by comparison no such effects on memory retrieval have yet been observed.[0].
authors.affiliation: Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650550, China. chyanm2@126.com.
authors.forename: Yan-Mei
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Information School, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China. wjh16@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Jian-Hong
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001516:Bees / Q000502:physiology*; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D003080:Cold Temperature; D007858:Learning; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology*; D009812:Odorants
keywords: Associative learning; Cold narcosis; Honeybee; Memory