title: Distinctive glial and neuronal interfacing on nanocrystalline diamond.
abstract: Direct electrode/neuron interfacing is a key challenge to achieve high resolution of neuronal stimulation required for visual prostheses. Neuronal interfacing on biomaterials commonly requires the presence of glial cells and/or protein coating. Nanocrystalline diamond is a highly mechanically stable biomaterial with a remarkably large potential window for the electrical stimulation of tissues. Using adult retinal cell cultures from rats, we found that glial cells and retinal neurons grew equally well on glass and nanocrystalline diamond. The use of a protein coating increased cell survival, particularly for glial cells. However, bipolar neurons appeared to grow even in direct contact with bare diamond. We investigated whether the presence of glial cells contributed to this direct neuron/diamond interface, by using purified adult retinal ganglion cells to seed diamond and glass surfaces with and without protein coatings. Surprisingly, these fully differentiated spiking neurons survived better on nanocrystalline diamond without any protein coating. This greater survival was indicated by larger cell numbers and the presence of longer neurites. When a protein pattern was drawn on diamond, neurons did not grow preferentially on the coated area, by contrast to their behavior on a patterned glass. This study highlights the interesting biocompatibility properties of nanocrystalline diamond, allowing direct neuronal interfacing, whereas a protein coating was required for glial cell growth.
authors.affiliation: INSERM U968, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR_S968, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France; CNRS UMR7210, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Amel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bendali
authors.affiliation: CEA-LIST, Diamond Sensors Laboratory, Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Agnès
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bio- & Nanosystems - Bioelectronics (IBN2) Forschungszentrum, Juelich, Germany.
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Meffert
authors.affiliation: INSERM U968, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR_S968, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France; CNRS UMR7210, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Forster
authors.affiliation: CEA-LIST, Diamond Sensors Laboratory, Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bongrain
authors.affiliation: CEA-LIST, Diamond Sensors Laboratory, Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Charles
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Arnault
authors.affiliation: INSERM U968, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR_S968, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France; CNRS UMR7210, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France; Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, Paris, France; Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris, France; Institute of Ophthalmology, University College of London, London, United Kingdom; French Academy of Sciences, Paris, France.
authors.forename: José-Alain
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Sahel
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bio- & Nanosystems - Bioelectronics (IBN2) Forschungszentrum, Juelich, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Offenhäusser
authors.affiliation: CEA-LIST, Diamond Sensors Laboratory, Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bergonzo
authors.affiliation: INSERM U968, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR_S968, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France; CNRS UMR7210, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France; Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Serge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Picaud
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D018130:Diamond / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D008422:Materials Testing; D053758:Nanoparticles; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D018130:Diamond