title: Polyvinylimidazole/sol-gel composite as a novel solid-phase microextraction coating for the determination of halogenated benzenes from aqueous solutions.
abstract: A polyvinylimidazole/sol-gel composite is proposed as a novel solid-phase microextraction fiber to extract five halobenzenes from the headspace of aqueous solutions in combination with gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. The prepared fiber was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The obtained results showed that porous polyvinylimidazole/sol-gel composite was chemically deposited on fused silica fiber. The effect of important extraction parameters including extraction temperature, extraction time, and salt content were investigated. The optimum conditions were as follows: extraction temperature 25°C, extraction time 20 min, and salt concentration 30 w/v%. Detection limits and relative standard deviations of the developed method for halogenated benzenes were below 0.1 pg/mL and 15%, respectively. Repeatability of the proposed method, explained by relative standard deviation, varied between 5.48 and 9.15% (n = 5). The limits of detection (S/N = 3) ranged between 0.01 and 0.10 ng/L using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry with selected ion monitoring mode. For real sample analysis, three types of water samples with different matrices (ground, surface, and tap water) were studied. The optimized procedure was applied to extraction and method validation of halogenated benzenes in spiked water samples.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Manoochehr
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Farjaminezhad
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saber Tehrani
authors.forename: Parviz
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Aberoomand Azar
authors.forename: Syed Waqif
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.forename: Shahab
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bohlooli
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D001554:Benzene / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D005782:Gels / Q000737:chemistry; D060587:Groundwater / Q000737:chemistry; D006846:Hydrocarbons, Halogenated / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000737:chemistry*; D011145:Polyvinyls / Q000737:chemistry*; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D005782:Gels; D006846:Hydrocarbons, Halogenated; D007093:Imidazoles; D011145:Polyvinyls; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C072974:polyvinylimidazole; D001554:Benzene
keywords: Composite materials; Halogenated benzenes; Polyvinylimidazole; Sol-gel; Solid-phase microextraction