title: Flowable composite an alternative orthodontic bonding adhesive: an in vitro study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the clinical applicability of Ormocer based fowable adhesive (Admira fow) in comparison with BisGMA based adhesive (Transbond XT) and Ormocer based packable adhesive (Admira).
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty human premolars, divided into group I (n = 20) Transbond XT, group II (n = 20) Admira and group III (n = 20) Admira fow were bonded with metal brackets using adhesives. Brackets were debonded in shear on an Instron universal testing machine with a crosshead speed of 1 mm per minute. The mode of bond failure was determined by modifed ARI index.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results obtained from SBS evaluation and modifed ARI showed highest shear bond strength for Transbond XT (SD 11.64) 3.68 followed by Admira fow (SD 11.0) 2.87 and least for Admira (SD 9.42) 2.21. However, the difference was not statistically signifcant, but an intergroup comparison done using Independent student 't' test, showed statically signifcant difference between Transbond XT and Admira. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed least survival median value for Admira, but the survival median value is not statistically signifcant among the three groups. All groups had modifed ARI score of three (60-70%), suggestive of cohesive type of failure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The in vitro study showed that fowable Ormocer can be an good alternative to commonly used BisGMA based adhesive but the its effcacy needs clinical assessment through a survival analysis. CLINICAL SIGNIFCANCE: Admire fow can defnitely be considered as an alternative bonding system due to their comparable bond strength and debonding characters and reported properties of biocompatibility.
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, St. Joseph Dental College, Eluru, Andhra Pradesh India e-mail: supradeep_k@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: K Supradeep
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: C Hanumantha
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Vishnu Dental College Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Kv Baburam
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Rajah Muthiah Dental College and Hospital, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chidambaram
authors.affiliation: Professor and Head, Department of Oral Pathology, Rajarajeshwari Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Hc
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Girish
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Oral Pathology, Rajarajeshwari Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Murgod
mesh_terms: D000268:Adhesiveness; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D063225:Organically Modified Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D033081:Shear Strength; D012833:Siloxanes / Q000737:chemistry; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D003722:Dental Alloys; D003738:Dental Cements; D008689:Methacrylates; D063225:Organically Modified Ceramics; D019279:Resin Cements; D012833:Siloxanes; C477790:Transbond XT; C479084:admira; C525452:admira flow; C111840:flowable hybrid composite; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate