title: The need to nurse the nurse: emotional labor in neonatal intensive care.
abstract: In this 14-month ethnographic study, I examined the emotional labor and coping strategies of 114, level-4, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) nurses. Emotional labor was an underrecognized component in the care of vulnerable infants and families. The nature of this labor was contextualized within complex personal, professional, and organizational layers of demand on the emotions of NICU nurses. Coping strategies included talking with the sisterhood of nurses, being a super nurse, using social talk and humor, taking breaks, offering flexible aid, withdrawing from emotional pain, transferring out of the NICU, attending memorial services, and reframing loss to find meaning in work. The organization had strong staffing, but emotional labor was not recognized, supported, or rewarded. The findings can contribute to the development of interventions to nurse the nurse, and to ultimately facilitate NICU nurses' nurturance of stressed families. These have implications for staff retention, job satisfaction, and delivery of care.
authors.affiliation: 1University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cricco-Lizza
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000884:Anthropology, Cultural; D001293:Attitude to Death; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017283:Neonatal Nursing; D024802:Nurse's Role / Q000523:psychology*; D011368:Professional-Family Relations; D012944:Social Support
keywords: emotions / emotion work; ethnography; intensive care unit; nursing, pediatric; observation, participant