title: Strong and selective adsorption of lysozyme on graphene oxide.
abstract: Biosensing methods and devices using graphene oxide (GO) have recently been explored for detection and quantification of specific biomolecules from body fluid samples, such as saliva, milk, urine, and serum. For a practical diagnostics application, any sensing system must show an absence of nonselective detection of abundant proteins in the fluid matrix. Because lysozyme is an abundant protein in these body fluids (e.g., around 21.4 and 7 μg/mL of lysozyme is found in human milk and saliva from healthy individuals, and more than 15 or even 100 μg/mL in patients suffering from leukemia, renal disease, and sarcoidosis), it may interfere with detections and quantification if it has strong interaction with GO. Therefore, one fundamental question that needs to be addressed before any development of GO based diagnostics method is how GO interacts with lysozyme. In this study, GO has demonstrated a strong interaction with lysozyme. This interaction is so strong that we are able to subsequently eliminate and separate lysozyme from aqueous solution onto the surface of GO. Furthermore, the strong electrostatic interaction also renders the selective adsorption of lysozyme on GO from a mixture of binary and ternary proteins. This selectivity is confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), fluorescence spectroscopy, and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Biology, University of Miami , 1301 Memorial Drive, Cox Science Center, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States.
authors.forename: Shanghao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jerome J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Mulloor
authors.forename: Lingyu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yiwen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Catherine J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Mulloor
authors.forename: Miodrag
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Micic
authors.forename: Jhony
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Orbulescu
authors.forename: Roger M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Leblanc
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D009113:Muramidase / Q000737:chemistry*; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D010087:Oxides; D006108:Graphite; D009113:Muramidase