title: Pulse oximetry in newborns with delayed cord clamping and immediate skin-to-skin contact.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether defined reference ranges of oxygen saturation (SpO₂) and heart rate (HR) of term infants after birth also apply for infants born after midwifery supervised uncomplicated vaginal birth, where delayed cord clamping (DCC) and immediate skin to skin contact (ISSC) is routine management.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Infants born vaginally after uncomplicated birth, that is, no augmentation, maternal pain relief or instrumental delivery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Midwives supervising uncomplicated birth at home or in hospital in the Leiden region (The Netherlands) used an oximeter and recorded SpO₂ and HR in the first 10 min after birth.
  
  
  METHODS
  SpO₂ and HR values were compared to the international defined reference ranges.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In Leiden, values of 109 infants were obtained and are comparable with previously defined reference ranges, except for a higher SpO₂ (p<0.05) combined with a slower increase in the first 3 min. The Leiden cohort also had a lower HR (p<0.05) during the first 10 min with a slower increase in the first 3 min. In the first minutes after birth, tachycardia (HR>180 bpm) occurred less often, and a bradycardia (<80 bpm) more often (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Defined reference ranges can be used in infants born after uncomplicated vaginal birth with DCC and ISSC, but higher SpO₂ and lower HR were observed in the first minutes.
authors.forename: Marrit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Smit
authors.forename: Jennifer A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Dawson
authors.forename: Angelina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ganzeboom
authors.forename: Stuart B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Hooper
authors.forename: Jos
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Roosmalen
authors.forename: Arjan B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: te Pas
mesh_terms: D003250:Constriction; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000379:methods*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D009321:Natural Childbirth; D010092:Oximetry / Q000379:methods; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010812:Physical Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D011181:Postnatal Care / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012016:Reference Values; D013997:Time Factors; D014110:Touch; D014470:Umbilical Cord / Q000098:blood supply*
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen