title: In vivo evaluation of 18F-MNI698: an 18F-labeled radiotracer for imaging of serotonin 4 receptors in brain.
abstract: Serotonin 4 receptors (5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4 [5HT4R]) hold promise as a novel therapeutic approach to multiple brain disorders, including Alzheimer and Huntington disease. In vivo imaging of these receptors with selective 5HT4R radiotracers and PET would be valuable to investigate alterations in 5HT4R in different brain disorders and to assist drug discovery. In this study, (18)F-MNI698 was evaluated as a potential PET radiotracer for imaging of 5HT4R in the brain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen PET studies were performed in 3 adult rhesus monkeys. The radiotracer was administered as a bolus intravenous injection or bolus plus constant infusion (time that would be required to inject the bolus at the infusion rate = 60 min), and arterial blood was collected for data quantification. Kinetic models were used to estimate distribution volumes and binding potentials, for which the cerebellum was used as a reference region. (18)F-MNI698 test-retest variability and upper mass dose limits were determined. Preblocking studies using several doses of SB204070, a selective 5HT4R antagonist, were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  (18)F-MNI698 avidly entered the monkey brain (peak percentage injected dose of ∼ 6.6%), and its brain distribution was consistent with known 5HT4R densities. At 120 min after bolus injection and after the start of radiotracer infusion, only less than 5% and approximately 10% parent compound was present in blood, respectively. Measured binding potentials were underestimated by 22%-36% when noninvasive methods were used for data quantification in comparison with invasive methods. A good agreement was found between test-retest measurements. The radiotracer upper mass dose limit (<5% occupancy) was determined to be 13.1 μg per 70 kg of body weight. SB204070 blocked the radiotracer binding in a dose-dependent manner.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Data indicate that (18)F-MNI698 is a promising PET radiotracer for imaging of 5HT4R in the brain, and human studies are warranted based on these study results.
authors.affiliation: Molecular NeuroImaging, LLC, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Adriana Alexandre S
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Tavares
authors.forename: Fabien
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Caillé
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Barret
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Papin
authors.forename: Hsiaoju
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Morley
authors.forename: Krista
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fowles
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Holden
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Seibyl
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Alagille
authors.forename: Gilles D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Tamagnan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism; D001931:Brain Mapping; D004146:Dioxanes / Q000737:chemistry; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005260:Female; D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007700:Kinetics; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D010880:Piperidines / Q000737:chemistry; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000737:chemistry; D044422:Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT4 / Q000378:metabolism*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012702:Serotonin Antagonists / Q000737:chemistry; D013997:Time Factors; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D004146:Dioxanes; D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes; D010880:Piperidines; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D012702:Serotonin Antagonists; C084858:SB 204070A; D044422:Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT4
keywords: 18F-MNI698; 5HT4R; SB204070; mass effect; test–retest