title: Growth performance and carcass traits in pigs selected for indirect genetic effects on growth rate in two environments.
abstract: Production traits such as growth rate may depend on the social interactions between group members. These social interactions may be partly heritable and are referred to as indirect genetic effects (IGE) or social, associative, or competitive genetic effects. Indirect genetic effects may contribute to heritable variation in traits and can therefore be used to increase the response to selection. This, however, has hardly been tested by selection experiments. Our objective was to determine the effects of 1 generation of selection on IGE for growth (IGEg) in pigs on ADG, BW, ADFI, feed efficiency, and postmortem measurements. Sires (n = 24) and dams (n = 64) were selected to create a high vs. low contrast for IGEg in the offspring (n = 480). The IGE difference was 2.8 g ADG per pen mate, corresponding to 14 g higher ADG in high IGEg offspring compared to low IGEg offspring when housed in groups of 6 (i.e., (6 - 1) × 2.8 = 14). Male (barrows) and female (gilts) offspring were housed in groups of 6 of the same IGEg classification, in either barren concrete pens or pens enriched with straw and wood shavings (n = 80 pens). Pigs were followed from birth to slaughter. Data were analyzed in a mixed model with pen as random factor. There was no difference in ADG between high and low IGEg pigs during the finishing period (wk 10 to 23). Opposite to expectations, high IGEg tended to have a 17 g lower ADG from weaning to slaughter (P = 0.08), which was caused by a higher BW of low IGEg pigs in wk 5 (P = 0.008). This led to a 2.3 kg lower carcass weight (P = 0.02) and 2.2 mm less muscle depth for high IGEg pigs (P = 0.03). High IGEg pigs had a higher stomach wall damage score (P = 0.01). Pigs on straw had a 25 g lower ADG during finishing (P = 0.03) and less stomach wall damage (P < 0.001). Fewer interventions against harmful behavior were required in high IGEg pigs. The unexpected results regarding IGEg may be due to several reasons. Despite initial power calculations showing good power, the IGEg contrast between groups may have been too small. Moreover, measures that were taken to limit harmful behavior may have had a substantial role. Harmful behavior such as tail biting may affect ADG and might underlie the effects of selection on IGEg in pigs. Research under commercial circumstances, where harmful behavior is likely to be more profound, may give more accurate insight into the benefits of selecting for IGEg.
authors.affiliation: Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands Irene.Camerlink@sruc.ac.uk.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Camerlink
authors.affiliation: Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Bolhuis
authors.affiliation: Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands TOPIGS Research Center IPG, PO Box 43, 6640 AA Beuningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Duijvesteijn
authors.affiliation: Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J A M
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: van Arendonk
authors.affiliation: Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bijma
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry; D000818:Animals; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D012641:Selection, Genetic; D013552:Swine / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development*; D014886:Weaning
keywords: genotype by environment; growth; housing; indirect genetic effect; pig; production