title: Molecular typing of human platelet and neutrophil antigens (HPA and HNA).
abstract: Genotyping is an important tool in the diagnosis of disorders involving allo-immunisation to antigens present on the membranes of platelets and neutrophils. To date 28 human platelet antigens (HPAs) have been indentified on six polymorphic glycoproteins on the surface of platelets. Antibodies against HPAs play a role in foetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT), post-transfusion purpura (PTP) and refractoriness to donor platelets. The 11 human neutrophil antigens (HNAs) described to date have been indentified on five polymorphic proteins on the surface of granulocytes. Antibodies to HNAs are implicated with foetal and neonatal alloimmune neutropenia (FNAIN), autoimmune neutropenia (AIN) and transfusion related acute lung injury (TRALI). In this report, we will review the molecular basis and techniques currently available for the genotyping of human platelet and neutrophil antigens.
authors.affiliation: Sanquin Diagnostic Services, Department of Diagnostic Immunohematology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Sanquin Research, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Amsterdam and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: b.veldhuisen@sanquin.nl.
authors.forename: Barbera
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Veldhuisen
authors.affiliation: Sanquin Diagnostic Services, Department of Diagnostic Immunohematology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Leendert
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Porcelijn
authors.affiliation: Sanquin Research, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Amsterdam and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ellen van der Schoot
authors.affiliation: Sanquin Diagnostic Services, Department of Diagnostic Immunohematology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Masja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Haas
mesh_terms: D016824:Antigens, Human Platelet / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000276:immunology; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D001792:Blood Platelets; D001803:Blood Transfusion; D064147:Febrile Neutropenia / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D060005:Genotyping Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009504:Neutrophils; D011693:Purpura / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D054098:Thrombocytopenia, Neonatal Alloimmune / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D016824:Antigens, Human Platelet; D001323:Autoantibodies