title: A novel, visible light-induced, rapidly cross-linkable gelatin scaffold for osteochondral tissue engineering.
abstract: Osteochondral injuries remain difficult to repair. We developed a novel photo-cross-linkable furfurylamine-conjugated gelatin (gelatin-FA). Gelatin-FA was rapidly cross-linked by visible light with Rose Bengal, a light sensitizer, and was kept gelled for 3 weeks submerged in saline at 37°C. When bone marrow-derived stromal cells (BMSCs) were suspended in gelatin-FA with 0.05% Rose Bengal, approximately 87% of the cells were viable in the hydrogel at 24 h after photo-cross-linking, and the chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs was maintained for up to 3 weeks. BMP4 fusion protein with a collagen binding domain (CBD) was retained in the hydrogels at higher levels than unmodified BMP4. Gelatin-FA was subsequently employed as a scaffold for BMSCs and CBD-BMP4 in a rabbit osteochondral defect model. In both cases, the defect was repaired with articular cartilage-like tissue and regenerated subchondral bone. This novel, photo-cross-linkable gelatin appears to be a promising scaffold for the treatment of osteochondral injury.
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata, Okayama 700-8558, Japan [2] Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mazaki
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata, Okayama 700-8558, Japan [2] Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shiozaki
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata, Okayama 700-8558, Japan [2] Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamane
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Aki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Welfare Program, Kibi International University Junior College, 8 Iga-machi, Takahashi, Okayama 716-8508, Japan.
authors.forename: Mariko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials, Graduate School of Medical, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.affiliation: Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan.
authors.forename: Di
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kitajima
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata, Okayama 700-8558, Japan [2].
authors.forename: Toshifumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ozaki
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata, Okayama 700-8558, Japan [2].
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Matsukawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005780:Gelatin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008027:Light; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells; D011817:Rabbits; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D005780:Gelatin