title: Gliptins - do they increase cardiovascular risk or benefit?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In 2008, the US FDA required all new glucose-lowering therapies to show cardiovascular safety, and this applies to the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors ('gliptins').
  
  
  METHODS
  The cardiovascular safety trials of saxagliptin and alogliptin have recently been published and are the subject of this evaluation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Saxagliptin Assessment of Vascular Outcomes Recorded in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus - Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 53 trial and Examination of Cardiovascular Outcomes with Alogliptin versus Standard of Care were both multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, Phase IV clinical trials. These trials showed that saxagliptin and alogliptin did not increase the primary end point, which was a composite of cardiovascular outcomes that did not include hospitalisations for heart failure. However, saxagliptin significantly increased hospitalisation for heart failure, which was a component of the secondary end point. The effect of alogliptin on hospitalisations for heart failure has not been reported. Neither agent improved cardiovascular outcomes. As there is no published evidence of improved outcomes with gliptins, it is unclear to us why these agents are so widely available for use. We suggest that the use of gliptins be restricted to Phase IV clinical trials until such time as cardiovascular safety and benefits/superiority are clearly established.
authors.affiliation: Queensland University of Technology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health , GPO 2434, QLD 4002, Brisbane , Australia + 61 7 3138 2015 ; +61 7 3138 1534 ; sheila.doggrell@qut.edu.au.
authors.forename: Sheila A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Doggrell
authors.forename: Simon B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Dimmitt
mesh_terms: D000218:Adamantane / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D000789:Angina, Unstable / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004151:Dipeptides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D054873:Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010880:Piperidines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014498:Uracil / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*
chemical_list: D004151:Dipeptides; D054873:Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D010880:Piperidines; D014498:Uracil; D000218:Adamantane