title: Cryofibrinogenemia After a Liver Transplant: First Reported Case Posttransplant and a Case-Based Review of the Nontransplant Literature.
abstract: Cryofibrinogenemia is a rare disorder in which plasma, not serum, forms a cryoprecipitate. Patients with cryofibrinogenemia may be asymptomatic, or they may have painful ulcers, purpura, livedo reticularis, Raynaud phenomenon, perniosis of the extremities, thrombosis, and arthralgia. Cryofibrinogenemia may be primary or secondary to an underlying disorder such as connective tissue disease, malignancy, infection, drugs, or thromboembolic disease. Here, we present a 41-year-old woman with a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor who underwent a Whipple procedure in 2003 followed by 2 liver transplants for hepatic metastases. Three years posttransplant, we discovered a biopsy-proven metastatic lesion in her femur. Five years posttransplant, she developed acute, severe pain in both feet, and was found to have cryofibrinogenemia despite immunosuppression post-transplant. Testing for connective tissue diseases and hematologic malignancy were negative. She was treated with high-dose prednisone, which completely resolved her symptoms. We also conducted a review of the literature via a PubMed search to summarize the association of cryofibrinogenemia with malignancy and treating cryofibrinogenemia with corticosteroids. Our study is the first reported case of cryofibrinogenemia that developed secondary to a neuroendocrine tumor posttransplant. Our report suggests that cryofibrinogenemia may occur despite immunosuppression adequate to prevent graft rejection, and that high-dose corticosteroids are an effective treatment for posttransplant cryofibrinogenemia.
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Yuanyuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Gayatri M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Sreenivasan
authors.forename: Kam
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shojania
authors.forename: Eric M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Yoshida
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003449:Cryoglobulinemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery*; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011241:Prednisone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012086:Reoperation; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D011241:Prednisone