title: Cholinesterase inhibitory triterpenoids from the bark of Garcinia hombroniana.
abstract: Context: Garcinia hombroniana Pierre, known as manggis hutan in Malaysia is a rich source of xanthones and benzophenones.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was aimed to isolate and characterize potential cholinesterase inhibitors from the extracts of G. hombroniana bark and investigate their interactions with the enzymes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The dichloromethane extract afforded five triterpenoids which were characterized by NMR and mass spectral techniques. Cholinesterase inhibitory assay and molecular docking were performed to get insight of the inhibitory activity and molecular interactions of the compounds. The compounds were also tested for their antioxidant capacity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The isolated triterpenoids were identified as: 2β-hydroxy-3α-O-caffeoyltaraxar-14-en-28-oic acid (1), taraxerol (2), taraxerone (3), betulin (4) and betulinic acid (5). Compound 1 was the most active dual inhibitor of both AChE and BChE. Compound 1 also showed good antioxidant activities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compound 1 had dual and moderate inhibitory activity on AChE and BChE worthy for further investigations.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia , Penang , Malaysia and.
authors.forename: Nargis
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jamila
authors.forename: Melati
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khairuddean
authors.forename: Khaw Kooi
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Yeong
authors.forename: Hasnah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Osman
authors.forename: Vikneswaran
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Murugaiyah
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002091:Butyrylcholinesterase / Q000737:chemistry*; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002802:Cholinesterases / Q000737:chemistry*; D004593:Electrophorus; D029760:Garcinia / Q000737:chemistry*; D006736:Horses; D008752:Methylene Chloride; D062105:Molecular Docking Simulation; D024301:Plant Bark / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D012997:Solvents; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents; D014315:Triterpenes; D008752:Methylene Chloride; D002091:Butyrylcholinesterase; D002802:Cholinesterases
keywords: 2β-hydroxy-3α-O-caffeoyltaraxar-14-en-28-oic acid; acetylcholinesterase; butyrylcholinesterase; molecular docking; triterpenoids