title: High cholesterol intake is associated with elevated risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus - a meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Some foods rich in cholesterol are associated with high risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). To confirm the association between dietary cholesterol intake and T2D risk, we performed a meta-analysis of observational studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched for longitudinal studies that provided data on the relative risk (RR) for T2D in relation to the cholesterol intake level using MEDLINE (from 1950 for July 10, 2013) and EMBASE (from 1974 to July 10, 2013). The RR for the highest vs. lowest cholesterol intake category or for an increment of 100 mg/day in cholesterol consumption was pooled with an inverse-variance method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five studies met the inclusion criteria. Compared with the lowest category, the highest category had a significantly higher association with T2D risk (RR [95% confidence interval (CI)], 1.25 [1.16-1.36]). The pooled RR for a 100-mg/day increment was also significant (RR [95% CI], 1.11 [1.06-1.15]).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Current meta-analysis suggested that high intake of cholesterol was positively associated with future T2D risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryoko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tajima
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Management Center, Mito Kyodo General Hospital, Japan; Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kodama
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Japan.
authors.forename: Miho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hirata
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, Japan; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tsukuba Institute of Clinical Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Chika
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Horikawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tsukuba Institute of Clinical Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujihara
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Japan; Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yachi
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Sakiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshizawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Japan.
authors.forename: Kaoruko Tada
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Iida
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, Japan. Electronic address: sone@med.niigata-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hirohito
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sone
mesh_terms: D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D064887:Observational Studies as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary
keywords: Diabetes risk; Dietary cholesterol; Meta-analysis