title: Effects of the geophagous earthworm Metaphire guillelmi on sorption, mineralization, and bound-residue formation of 4-nonylphenol in an agricultural soil.
abstract: Effects of earthworms on fate of nonylphenol (NP) are obscure. Using (14)C-4-NP111 as a representative, we studied the fate of 4-NP in an agricultural soil with or without the earthworm Metaphire guillelmi and in fresh cast of the earthworm. Sorption of 4-NP on the cast (Kd 1564) was significantly higher than on the parent soil (Kd 1474). Mineralization of 4-NP was significantly lower in the cast (13.2%) and the soil with earthworms (10.4%) than in the earthworm-free soil (16.0%). One nitro metabolite of 4-NP111 (2-nitro-4-NP111) was identified in the soil and cast, and the presence of the earthworm significantly decreased its amounts. The presence of earthworm also significantly decreased formation of bound residues of 4-NP in the soil. Our results demonstrate that earthworms could significantly change the fate of 4-NP, underlining that earthworm effects should be considered when evaluating behavior and risk of 4-NP in soil.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China; Changshu Agro-ecological Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changshu 215555, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China.
authors.forename: Yongfeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China.
authors.forename: Lianhong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Changshu Agro-ecological Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changshu 215555, China. Electronic address: yanxy@issas.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Xiaoyuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China; Institute for Marine Sciences & Institute for Climate and Global Change Research, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China. Electronic address: Ji@nju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ji
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D000818:Animals; D009835:Oligochaeta / Q000378:metabolism*; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D010636:Phenols; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; C041594:4-nonylphenol
keywords: Bound residues; Earthworm casts; Endocrine disrupting chemicals; Metabolite; Mineralization