title: Changes in biosynthesis and metabolism of glutathione upon ochratoxin A stress in Arabidopsis thaliana.
abstract: Ochratoxin A (OTA) is one of the most toxic mycotoxins, which is toxic to plants and simulates oxidative stress. Glutathione is an important antioxidant in plants and is closely associated with detoxification in cells. We have previously shown that OTA exposure induces obvious expression differences in genes associated with glutathione metabolism. To characterize glutathione metabolism and understand its role in OTA phytotoxicity, we observed the accumulation of GSH in the detached leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana under OTA treatment. OTA stimulated a defense response through enhancing glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase activities, and the transcript levels of these enzymes were increased to maintain the total glutathione content. Moreover, the level of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) was increased and the ascorbate-glutathione cycle fluctuated in response to OTA. The depletion of glutathione using buthionine sulfoximine (BSO, inhibitor of glutamate-cysteine ligase) had no profound effect on OTA toxicity, as glutathione was regenerated through the ascorbate-glutathione cycle to maintain the total glutathione content. The ROS, MDA and GSH accumulation was significantly affected in the mutant gsh1, gr1 and gpx2 after treatment with OTA, which indicated that glutathione metabolism is directly involved in the oxidative stress response of Arabidopsis thaliana subjected to OTA. In conclusion, date demonstrate that glutathione-associated metabolism is closely related with OTA stress and glutathione play a role in resistance of Arabidopsis subjected to OTA.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Food Safety and Molecular Biology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China; Institute of Agro-products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Food Safety and Molecular Biology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
authors.forename: Weiwei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Food Safety and Molecular Biology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
authors.forename: Junran
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Food Safety and Molecular Biology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China; The Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center of Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, PR China. Electronic address: xuwentaoboy@sina.com.
authors.forename: Wentao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Food Safety and Molecular Biology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China; The Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center of Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, PR China.
authors.forename: Yunbo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Food Safety and Molecular Biology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
authors.forename: Weihong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: The Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center of Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhuojun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: The Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center of Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhihong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Food Safety and Molecular Biology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China; The Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center of Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, PR China.
authors.forename: Kunlun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D019328:Buthionine Sulfoximine; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism*; D019803:Glutathione Disulfide / Q000378:metabolism; D009793:Ochratoxins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D009793:Ochratoxins; C025589:ochratoxin A; D019328:Buthionine Sulfoximine; D005978:Glutathione; D019803:Glutathione Disulfide
keywords: Arabidopsis thaliana; Glutamate–cysteine ligase; Glutathione; Glutathione peroxidase; Glutathione reductase; Glutathione-S-transferase; Ochratoxin A