title: A community consultation survey to evaluate support for and success of the IMMEDIATE trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The IMMEDIATE (Immediate Myocardial Metabolic Enhancement During Initial Assessment and Treatment in Emergency care) Trial, a randomized controlled double-blind clinical effectiveness trial of glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) administered in ambulances in the out-of-hospital setting, used the Exception from Informed Consent Requirements (EFIC) for Emergency Research under Title 21 of the Code of Federal Regulations. EFIC requirements include community consultation that typically involves using a variety of communication methods and venues to inform the public of the research and to receive their feedback. Although not the primary purpose of the community consultation process, a common concern to research sponsors, staff, and institutional review boards (IRBs) is whether there will be a sufficient number of participants to justify mounting a study in their community. Information from community consultation regarding the community acceptance might inform this question.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the utility of telephone survey data done as part of the EFIC process as a way to project the ultimate rate of trial participant enrollment.
  
  
  METHODS
  A telephone survey community consultation process was undertaken in nine communities planning to be IMMEDIATE Trial sites using a representative sampling of the target population in the areas covered by participating emergency medical service (EMS) agencies. Survey respondents were read a description of the planned study and its informed consent approach that included the option for patients to decline participation in the trial while being transported for acute care in an ambulance. Survey respondents were then asked whether they would object to participating in the study. At the conclusion of actual trial enrollment, the Coordinating Center compared the survey results with the actual rates of enrollment at each site.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Approximately 200 (range = 200-271) respondents completed the survey in each of the study communities. Of 2079 survey respondents, 68% (range = 61%-75%) said that they would not object to participating in the trial if experiencing a heart attack, and 85% (range = 79%-89%) said that they would allow the study to be done in their community. During actual trial enrollment in the communities, 79% (range = 63%-91%) of the 828 potential participants agreed in the ambulance to have the study drug started and provided informed consent at the hospital, an average of 13 percentage-points higher than projected by the survey (95% confidence interval (CI): 9%-17%), 19% higher on a relative scale (CI: 14%-25%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The survey-based approach to community consultation proved to be an efficient way to obtain representative input from potential clinical trial participants. The survey data generated a relatively good and conservative estimate of the ultimate rate of trial enrollment. This information could be useful to investigators and IRBs in projecting enrollment for clinical trials using EFIC.
authors.affiliation: aCenter for Cardiovascular Health Services Research, Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Joni R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Beshansky
authors.forename: Patricia R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Sheehan
authors.forename: Kenneth J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Klima
authors.forename: Nira
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hadar
authors.forename: Ellen M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Vickery
authors.forename: Harry P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Selker
mesh_terms: D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000368:Aged; D055812:Community-Based Participatory Research / Q000379:methods*; D003625:Data Collection; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000379:methods*; D028744:Ethics Committees, Research; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007258:Informed Consent; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D011188:Potassium / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D005947:Glucose; D011188:Potassium