title: Biochemical and microbiological characteristics of in situ biofilm formed on materials containing fluoride or amorphous calcium phosphate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the biochemical and microbiological characteristics of in situ biofilm formed on materials that release fluoride (F-) or calcium (Ca++) and phosphate (Pi).
  
  
  METHODS
  This study comprised an in situ and in vitro experiment, utilizing three materials [Auralay XF and Fuji IX GP, containing fluoride, and Aegis containing amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP)] and bovine dental enamel slabs. For the in situ: 10 volunteers wore palatal devices, each containing four material specimens or enamel slabs that were treated with 20% sucrose solution. The biofilm had pH measurements on Day 7 and the composition was analyzed on Day 8 by assessing the following: F-, Ca++, Pi and insoluble extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) concentrations, and then identification of the microbiota. For the in vitro: materials/enamel were subjected to a 7-day pH-cycling regimen to determine F, Ca++ and Pi release.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The biofilm formed on F(-)-releasing materials was richer in F, Ca++ and Pi and had lower mutans streptococci counts than enamel biofilm. The biofilm on the ACP-containing material exhibited similar Ca++ and Pi concentrations to biofilm on F(-)-releasing materials. The materials showed buffering action compared with enamel. Biochemical and microbiological characteristics showed a less cariogenic biofilm on materials containing fluoride or amorphous calcium phosphate.
authors.forename: Lilian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pedrini
authors.forename: Ana Cláudia
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: Elerson Gaetti
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Jardim Júnior
authors.forename: Tássia Araújo
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Henriques
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cannon
authors.forename: Alberto Carlos Botazzo
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Delbem
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D058491:Bacterial Load; D018441:Biofilms; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry*; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D002417:Cattle; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000382:microbiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D005459:Fluorides / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D064307:Microbiota; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis; D010895:Pit and Fissure Sealants / Q000737:chemistry; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013291:Streptococcus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: C528777:Aegis Ortho adhesive; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D003738:Dental Cements; D003764:Dental Materials; C439808:Fuji IX GP Fast; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D010895:Pit and Fissure Sealants; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial; C519480:amorphous calcium phosphate; D010758:Phosphorus; D005459:Fluorides; D002118:Calcium