title: Relationship of vitamin D, HIV, HIV treatment, and lipid levels in the Women's Interagency HIV Study of HIV-infected and uninfected women in the United States.
abstract: Relationships between vitamin D, lipids, HIV infection, and HIV treatment (±antiretroviral therapy [ART]) were investigated with Women's Interagency HIV Study data (n = 1758 middle-aged women) using multivariable regression. Sixty-three percent of women had vitamin D deficiency. Median 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH vitamin D) was highest in HIV-infected + ART-treated women (17 ng/mL; P < .001) and was the same in HIV-uninfected or HIV-infected women without ART (14 ng/mL). Vitamin D levels were lower if efavirenz (EFV) was included in ART (15 versus 19 ng/mL; P < .001). The most common lipid abnormality was high triglycerides (≥200 mg/dL) in HIV-infected + ART-treated women (13% versus 7% of HIV-infected without ART and 5% of HIV-uninfected; P < .001), with a positive relationship between 25-OH vitamin D and triglycerides (95% confidence interval 0.32-1.69; P < .01). No relationships between 25-OH vitamin D and cholesterol were detected. Vitamin D deficiency is common irrespective of HIV status but influenced by HIV treatment. Similarly, vitamin D levels were positively related to triglycerides only in ART-treated HIV-infected women and unrelated to cholesterol.
authors.affiliation: Research Department, Jewish Home, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Janice B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: Kelly L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Anjali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Merenstein
authors.forename: Talat
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.forename: Elizabeth T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Golub
authors.forename: Phyllis C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Tien
authors.forename: Oluwatoyin M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Adeyemi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents; D008055:Lipids; D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D
keywords: 25-OH vitamin D; HIV infected; HIV uninfected; LDL cholesterol; WIHS; cholesterol; lipids; triglycerides; vitamin D