title: The characterization of IgG antibodies to GalNAc beta-terminated glycans of gastric cancer survivors.
abstract: The elevated anti-GalNAcβ IgG level of serum was shown to be associated with the significantly better survival of patients with gastrointestinal cancer.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To characterize the specificity of IgG antibodies to GalNAcβ-terminated glycans of long-term gastric cancer survivors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum antibodies and affinity-isolated antibodies were analysed by the indirect and competitive ELISA using glycan-polyacrylamide (PAA) conjugates as well as by isoelectric focusing and Western blotting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the serum probes, a partial cross-reactivity of antibodies to GalNAcβ, GalNAcβ1-3Galβ (X2di), GalNAcβ1-3GalNAcβ (PFdi) and GlcNAcβ was observed. The isolated anti-GalNAcβ IgGs demonstrated the cross-reactivity to the X2di glycan mainly. The affinity of the X2di-PAA to anti-GalNAcβ IgGs was 11-21 times lower than that of the GalNAcβ-PAA. Anti-X2di and anti-PFdi IgGs demonstrated monoreactivity to their key glycans-PAA used in isolation. The IC50 values of key glycoconjugates ranged from 1 to 5 · 10(-7) M. No polyreactivity of antibodies to the unrelated antigens (ferritin, casein and DNA) was found. The polyclonal or oligoclonal distribution of IgG bands was established and the monoreactivity of antibodies was not associated with the clonal distribution of bands.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The cross-reactivity of anti-GalNAcβ antibodies to X2di and related glycans deserves attention in the clarification of the role of antibodies in cancer progression and enhancement of the prognostic potential in the combined determination of antibody markers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology &amp; Immunology, National Institute for Health Development, Hiiu 42, 11619 Tallinn, Estonia.
authors.forename: E P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Smorodin
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology &amp; Immunology, National Institute for Health Development, Hiiu 42, 11619 Tallinn, Estonia.
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Sergeyev
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology &amp; Immunology, National Institute for Health Development, Hiiu 42, 11619 Tallinn, Estonia.
authors.forename: O A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Kurtenkov
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000906:Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D000918:Antibody Specificity / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D005700:Galactosyltransferases / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D016019:Survival Analysis; D017741:Survivors
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D011509:Proteoglycans; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; C071736:betaglycan; C071307:GalNAc beta1-4 GlcNAc-R beta1-3-galactosyltransferase; D005700:Galactosyltransferases