title: Biological activities of selected polyphenol-rich fruits related to immunity and gastrointestinal health.
abstract: Small fruits are a rich source of bioactive substances, including polyphenols, and are therefore suitable raw materials for the production of functional foods. In the current work, we studied the antioxidative properties of six fruits: rosehip, chokeberry, hawthorn, blackcurrant, blueberry and rowanberry via different methods (ORAC, TRAP, HORAC and inhibition of lipid peroxidation). Their effect on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by phagocytes, antimicrobial properties against 11 human pathogens, and mitogenic effect on hamster spleen lymphocytes were also tested. Rosehip extract showed the highest antioxidant activity via ORAC, TRAP and HORAC assays, whereas blueberry extract was the most potent inhibitor of lipid peroxidation. All extracts inhibited ROS production of opsonized zymosan-activated phagocytes, indicating that extracts interfere with the signaling cascade of phagocyte activation upstream to the protein kinase C activation. Chokeberry, blackcurrant and rowanberry extracts revealed strong antimicrobial properties against a broad spectrum of microorganisms and also had the highest mitogenic activity.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria. Electronic address: petkodenev@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Petko
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Denev
authors.affiliation: Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria. Electronic address: lbas@plov.omega.bg.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kratchanova
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biophysics of the AS CR, Kralovopolska 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic. Electronic address: milanciz@ibp.cz.
authors.forename: Milan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ciz
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biophysics of the AS CR, Kralovopolska 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic. Electronic address: alojek@ibp.cz.
authors.forename: Antonin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lojek
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biophysics of the AS CR, Kralovopolska 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic. Electronic address: ondrej.vasicek@ibp.cz.
authors.forename: Ondrej
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Vasicek
authors.affiliation: University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritsa Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria. Electronic address: pl.nedelcheva@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Plamena
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nedelcheva
authors.affiliation: University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritsa Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria. Electronic address: dblazheva@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Denitsa
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Blazheva
authors.affiliation: Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 2, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria. Electronic address: reneta_toshkova@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Reneta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Toshkova
authors.affiliation: Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 2, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria. Electronic address: elena.gardeva@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gardeva
authors.affiliation: Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 2, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria. Electronic address: lilyayosifova@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Liliya
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yossifova
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic. Electronic address: hyrsl@sci.muni.cz.
authors.forename: Pavel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hyrsl
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic. Electronic address: libor.vojtek@mail.muni.cz.
authors.forename: Libor
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vojtek
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000737:chemistry*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D016897:Respiratory Burst
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species
keywords: Antimicrobial properties; Antioxidant activity; Mitogenic activity; Oxidative burst; Polyphenols; Small fruits