title: Inherited thrombophilia and recurrent pregnancy loss.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is a common health problem. The polymorphisms G20210A of prothrombin gene (FII G 20210A), and G 1691A of factor V gene (Factor V Leiden, FVL) are the most extensively studied thrombophilic mutations in association to recurrent miscarriage.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the frequency of FII G20210A and FVL polymorphisms as well as protein C and protein S deficiency in a series of patients with RPL compared with control group.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study group included 90 randomly selected patients with three or more consecutive miscarriages with the same partner in <20 weeks gestation in 2012. The control population consisted of 44 age-matched women with at least one live born children and no history of pregnancy loss. Functional activity of protein C and S, activated protein C resistance, FVL assay by polymerase chain reaction and prothrombin gene mutation were assessed. The polymorphism frequencies were recorded for each group and comparisons were made.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean functional activity of protein C and protein S were not significantly different between case and control groups (P >0.05). Frequency of protein C deficiency was also not significantly different between the case and control groups (P=0.906), but frequency of protein S deficiency was significantly higher in patients than controls (P=0.03). Genotype pattern of the patients and healthy individuals were not significantly different with regard to either FVL or Prothrombin G20210A (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We determined a significant higher frequency of protein S deficiency in patients with RPL compared with controls. But the frequency of protein C deficiency and the frequency of two common thrombophilic mutations (Factor V Leiden and Prothrombin G20210A), were not significantly different between patients with recurrent miscarriage and healthy women.
authors.affiliation: Iranian Hospital, Dubai, UAE.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Parand
authors.affiliation: Infertility Research Center, Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Jale
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zolghadri
authors.affiliation: Infertility Research Center, Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Mozhgan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nezam
authors.affiliation: Hematology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Abdolreza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Afrasiabi
authors.affiliation: Hematology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Sezaneh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haghpanah
authors.affiliation: Hematology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Mehran
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karimi
keywords: Inherited; Pregnancy loss; Thrombophilia