title: Evaluation of arsenate content of rice and rice bran purchased from local markets in the People's Republic of China.
abstract: In previous studies, inorganic arsenic and total arsenic concentrations in rice bran have been much higher than those in polished rice obtained from the same whole paddy rice. However, the arsenic species distribution between rice and bran is still unknown, especially for arsenite (AsIII) and arsenate (AsV). To characterize the arsenic species in rice and bran and explain the elevated concentrations of inorganic arsenic and total arsenic, four arsenic species, AsIII, AsV, dimethylarsinic acid, and monomethylarsonic acid, were evaluated. Rice and bran samples (n = 108) purchased from local markets in the People's Republic of China were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography with hydride generation and atomic fluorescence spectrometry and then microwave extraction. As expected, most of the arsenic was found in bran, with bran/rice ratios of 6.8 for total arsenic species and 6.4 for inorganic arsenic. Among four arsenic species, the maximum bran/rice ratio was 104.7 (335/3.2 μg kg(-1)) for AsV followed by 1.2 (69.2/56.1) for AsIII, 1.3 (6.7/5.2) for dimethylarsinic acid, and 4.0 (0.8/0.2) for monomethylarsonic acid. Thus, the large difference in arsenic concentration between rice and bran was mostly due to the difference in the AsV concentration, which account for 96 and 95 % of the difference for total arsenic species and inorganic arsenic, respectively. Therefore, the possibility of AsV contamination in rice bran and its by-products needs more study. This study is the first in which concentrations of AsIII and AsV in rice and bran have been documented, revealing that a higher percentage of AsV occurs in bran than in rice.
authors.affiliation: Public Monitoring Center for Agro-product of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Science, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China; Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shouhui
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: Public Monitoring Center for Agro-product of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Science, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China. yanghui8890@163.com.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xuefei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Quanji
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Public Monitoring Center for Agro-product of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Science, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Fuhua
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China;, Email: wangmincaas@126.com.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D001149:Arsenates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis*; D001151:Arsenic / Q000032:analysis; D018053:Arsenites / Q000032:analysis; D002681:China; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry*; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence
chemical_list: D001149:Arsenates; D018053:Arsenites; C015001:arsenite; D001151:Arsenic