title: Tear film interferometry and corneal surface roughness.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous studies of optical interference from the whole thickness of the precorneal tear film showed much lower contrast than from the pre-contact lens tear film. It is hypothesized that the recorded low contrast is related to roughness of the corneal surface compared with the smooth contact lens surface. This hypothesis is tested, and characteristics of this roughness are studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Reflectance spectra were recorded from 20 healthy individuals using a silicon-based sensor used in previous studies (wavelength range, 562-1030 nm) and an indium-gallium-arsenide (InGaAs) sensor responding at longer wavelengths (912-1712 nm). Interference from the whole thickness of the precorneal tear film caused oscillations in the reflectance spectra.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Spectral oscillations recorded with the InGaAs sensor were found to decay as a Gaussian function of wave number (1/wavelength). This is consistent with a rough corneal surface, whose distribution of surface height is also a Gaussian function. Contrast of spectral oscillations for the InGaAs sensor was, on average, approximately four times greater than that for the silicon sensor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For the Gaussian roughness model based on InGaAs spectra, the corneal surface was characterized by a surface height SD of 0.129 μm. Spectral oscillations recorded with a silicon-based camera can have higher contrast than expected from this Gaussian roughness model, indicating some reflectance from a smoother or more compact surface. The results also indicate that InGaAs cameras could provide whole-thickness interference images of higher contrast than silicon-based cameras.
authors.affiliation: College of Optometry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States.
authors.forename: P Ewen
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: King-Smith
authors.forename: Samuel H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kimball
authors.forename: Jason J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Nichols
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003315:Cornea / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007368:Interferometry / Q000379:methods; D008027:Light; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D013666:Tears / Q000737:chemistry*
keywords: corneal epithelium; corneal surface; infrared spectroscopy; interference; tears