title: Dental implants in cleft lip, alveolus, and palate patients: a systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Missing teeth are a major problem in cleft patients, who require specialized prosthetic management, including dental implants. The aim of this review was to investigate the optimal date for implant insertion in patients born with cleft lip and palate after bone grafting and to assess the long-term prognosis of the inserted dental implants.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic review of the current literature electronically in several databases and additional hand searching were performed. Relevant publications were assessed with regard to their evidence according to the guidelines of the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-nine publications (prospective and retrospective clinical studies, case series, and case reports) were included for analysis, but only 18 clinical papers reported survival rates for dental implants (in all, 670 implants in 460 cleft patients). Most studies were evidence level 3b (case-control studies) or 4 (case series, case reports). Reported 5-year survival rates for dental implants in cleft patients ranged from 80% to 96% (mean, 88.6%). Implant placement is favored after growth is complete and is generally recommended within 4 to 6 months after bone grafting.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dental implants in patients with cleft lip and palate show high success rates and allow for sufficient oral rehabilitation. However, because of a lack of sufficient prospective clinical studies on dental implants in cleft patients, the available evidence is poor and insufficient.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wermker
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Joos
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kleinheinz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000601:surgery*; D016025:Bone Transplantation; D002648:Child; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000601:surgery*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000601:surgery*; D015921:Dental Implants; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants