title: An exploration of relational aggression in the nursing workplace.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study provides a 1st look at relational aggression (RA) and the consequences among nurses.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Interpersonal hostility, bullying, and a toxic work environment (WE) can impact patient care delivery as well as nurses' personal health and job satisfaction.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Relational Aggression Assessment Scale, measuring aggressors, victims, and bystanders, was used to measure RA in a sample of 842 nurses. Additional variables measured included a demographic profile, job satisfaction, and intent to leave.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nurses were most likely to identify with victim behaviors, but a minority of nurses reported relying on aggressor behaviors and bystander behaviors. There was a positive correlation among aggressor, victim, and bystander items, suggesting overlap in roles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A few relationally aggressive individuals can create a toxic WE. Interventions to address RA among nurses must be tested, as well as strategies for improving job satisfaction and promoting healthy WEs through positive relationships.
authors.affiliation: Author Affiliations: Professor of Humanities and Professor of Women's Studies (Dr Dellasega); Assistant Professor (Dr Volpe); and Research Assistant (Ms Hopkins), College of Medicine, Department of Humanities, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey; and Chief Nursing Officer (Dr Edmonson), Texas Health Dallas.
authors.forename: Cheryl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dellasega
authors.forename: Rebecca L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Volpe
authors.forename: Cole
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Edmonson
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hopkins
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000374:Aggression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009740:Nursing Staff; D010558:Personnel Loyalty; D017132:Workplace