title: Characterization of salivary proteins of schizophrenic and bipolar disorder patients by top-down proteomics.
abstract: The analysis of whole saliva of 32 subjects with diagnosis of schizophrenia (SZ), 17 with diagnosis of bipolar disorder (BD), and 31 healthy subjects divided in non-smokers (HN; n=19) and smokers (HS; n=12) using an HPLC-ESI-MS top-down platform is reported in this study. Both SZ and BD revealed more than 10 fold mean increase of α-defensins 1-4, S100A12, cystatin A and S-derivatives of cystatin B levels with respect to the HN and HS control groups. No differences of protein levels were observed between SZ and BD groups and between HN and HS groups. Moreover, the correlation coefficients among the different proteins were significantly better in BD group than in SZ group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study on whole saliva confirms a schizophrenia-associated dysregulation of immune pathway of peripheral white blood cells and suggests that the dysregulation of BD group could involve the activation of more specific cell type than that of SZ group.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Cattolica e Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare CNR, Roma, Italy.
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Iavarone
authors.affiliation: Dip. di Medicina dei Sistemi, Unità Operativa di Psichiatria, Univ. di Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy.
authors.forename: Marianna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Melis
authors.affiliation: Dip. di Medicina dei Sistemi, Unità Operativa di Psichiatria, Univ. di Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Platania
authors.affiliation: Dip. di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Sezione di Biochimica e Biologia Molecolare Università di Cagliari, Italy.
authors.forename: Tiziana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cabras
authors.affiliation: Dip. di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Sezione di Biochimica e Biologia Molecolare Università di Cagliari, Italy.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Manconi
authors.affiliation: Dip. di Scienze Sperimentali e Cliniche, Univ. G. D'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: Raffaele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Petruzzelli
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Clinica Odontostomatologica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Cattolica, Roma, Italy.
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cordaro
authors.affiliation: Dip. di Medicina dei Sistemi, Unità Operativa di Psichiatria, Univ. di Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Siracusano
authors.affiliation: Dip. di Scienze Chirurgiche, Sez. Anatomia Patologica, Università di Cagliari, Italy.
authors.forename: Gavino
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Faa
authors.affiliation: Dip. di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Sezione di Biochimica e Biologia Molecolare Università di Cagliari, Italy.
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Messana
authors.affiliation: Dip. di Medicina dei Sistemi, Unità Operativa di Psichiatria, Univ. di Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zanasi
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Cattolica e Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare CNR, Roma, Italy. Electronic address: massimo.castagnola@icrm.cnr.it.
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Castagnola
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D015891:Cystatins / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000502:physiology; D040901:Proteomics; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D000067616:S100A12 Protein; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides / Q000737:chemistry*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D023084:alpha-Defensins / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D015891:Cystatins; D009418:S100 Proteins; D000067616:S100A12 Protein; C090441:S100A12 protein, human; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides; D023084:alpha-Defensins
keywords: Alpha-defensins; Bipolar disorder; Cystatins; S100 A12; Schizophrenia; Whole saliva