title: Protein removal from waste brines generated during ham salting through acidification and centrifugation.
abstract: The salting step in food processes implies the production of large quantities of waste brines, having high organic load, high conductivity, and other pollutants with high oxygen demand. Direct disposal of the residual brine implies salinization of soil and eutrophication of water. Since most of the organic load of the waste brines comes from proteins leaked from the salted product, precipitation of dissolved proteins by acidification and removal by centrifugation is an operation to be used in waste brine cleaning. The aim of this study is optimizing the conditions for carrying out the separation of proteins from waste brines generated in the pork ham salting operation, by studying the influence of pH, centrifugal force, and centrifugation time. Models for determining the removal of proteins depending on the pH, centrifugal force, and time were obtained. The results showed a high efficacy of the proposed treatment for removing proteins, suggesting that this method could be used for waste brine protein removal. The best pH value to be used in an industrial process seems to be 3, while the obtained results indicate that almost 90% of the proteins from the brine can be removed by acidification followed by centrifugation. A further protein removal from the brine should have to be achieved using filtrating techniques, which efficiency could be highly improved as a consequence of the previous treatment through acidification and centrifugation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Waste brines from meat salting have high organic load and electrical conductivity. Proteins can be removed from the waste brine by acidification and centrifugation. The total protein removal can be up to 90% of the initial content of the waste brine. Protein removal is highly dependent on pH, centrifugation rate, and time.
authors.affiliation: Dept. de Ingeniería Química y Nuclear, Univ. Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, Valencia 46022, Spain.
authors.forename: Maria del Rosario
authors.initials: Mdel R
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez-Martínez
authors.forename: Hernán
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Muñoz-Guerrero
authors.forename: Maria Isabel
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Alcaína-Miranda
authors.forename: José Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Barat
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002498:Centrifugation; D005374:Filtration; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007220:Industrial Waste; D008460:Meat; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D012492:Salts; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D012996:Solutions; D013552:Swine; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D014867:Water; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D011506:Proteins; D012492:Salts; D012996:Solutions; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C017082:brine; D014867:Water; D012965:Sodium Chloride
keywords: acidification; ham salting; protein precipitation; protein removal; waste brine