title: [Non-celiac gluten sensitivity: a critical review of current evidence].
abstract: Non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) is an emerging disorder characterized by intestinal and extra-intestinal symptoms related to the ingestion of gluten-containing food in non-celiac patients. Its prevalence has been estimated to be six to ten-times higher than that of celiac disease (CD). A gluten-free diet is the most widely recommended therapy, but the causative agent remains unknown and there are no consensus diagnostic criteria. Recent studies on NCGS have included patients with possibly overlooked minor CD and diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome without self-reported gluten intolerance, but showing a response to a gluten-free diet. Furthermore, FODMAPs (Fermentable Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides And Polyols) have recently been postulated as the culprit component for NCGS in wheat, instead of gluten. This review updates evidence on the pathophysiology of NCGS and the efficacy of different dietary interventions in its treatment, stressing the need for proper screening for CD before a diagnosis of NCGS is made.
authors.affiliation: Servicios de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital San Pedro de Alcántara, Cáceres, España. Electronic address: xavi_molina@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Molina-Infante
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital San Jorge, Huesca, España.
authors.forename: Santos
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Santolaria
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital San Jorge, Huesca, España.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Montoro
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Mutua Terrassa, Barcelona, España; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas(CIBEREHD), Madrid, España.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Esteve
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Mutua Terrassa, Barcelona, España; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas(CIBEREHD), Madrid, España.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fernández-Bañares
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000175:diagnosis; D059329:Cholinergic Neurons / Q000502:physiology; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D046730:Colitis, Lymphocytic / Q000175:diagnosis; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D055050:Diet, Gluten-Free; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004382:Duodenitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005285:Fermentation; D005512:Food Hypersensitivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000209:etiology; D005762:Gastroenterology / Q000458:organization & administration; D005983:Glutens / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D043183:Irritable Bowel Syndrome / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000209:etiology; D008286:Malabsorption Syndromes / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D015995:Prevalence; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012955:Societies, Medical; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D014908:Triticum / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D005983:Glutens
keywords: Celiac disease; Dieta sin gluten; Enfermedad celiaca; FODMAP; FODMAP: oligo, di y monosacáridos fermentables y polioles; Gluten-free diet; Irritable bowel syndrome; Non-celiac gluten sensitivity; Sensibilidad al gluten no celiaca; Sindrome del intestino irritable; Trigo; Wheat