title: Accuracy, consensus, in-group bias, and cultural frame shifting in the context of national character stereotypes.
abstract: We examined Finns' and bilingual Swedish-Finns' stereotypes regarding personality differences between Finns and Swedish-Finns and compared them with their respective self-ratings. Stereotype ratings by both groups converged on depicting Swedish-Finns as having a more desirable personality. In-group bias also influenced stereotypes. Contrary to predictions based on the Stereotype Content Model, out-group stereotypes were not compensatory. Consistent with the kernel of truth hypothesis of national stereotypes, Swedish-Finns' aggregate self-ratings resembled their stereotype of personality differences between the two groups, and their personality self-ratings were more desirable than Finns' self-ratings. Tentatively suggesting the occurrence of cultural frame shifting, the resemblance between Swedish-Finns' self-ratings and their stereotype of Swedish-Finns was, although only marginally statistically significantly, somewhat stronger when the self-ratings were provided in Swedish.
authors.forename: Jan-Erik
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Lönnqvist
authors.forename: Kenn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Konstabel
authors.forename: Nellystiina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lönnqvist
authors.forename: Markku
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Verkasalo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002605:Character; D032921:Consensus; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003469:Culture; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D006126:Group Processes; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019303:Multilingualism; D011287:Prejudice / Q000523:psychology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013240:Stereotyping; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden