title: Pinostrobin and Cajanus lactone isolated from Cajanus cajan (L.) leaves inhibits TNF-α and IL-1β production: in vitro and in vivo experimentation.
abstract: The tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) inhibitory activities of Cajanus cajan (leaves) crude methanolic extract, its fractions and its phytochemical constituents were evaluated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated RAW 264.7 and J774A.1 cells. Phytochemical investigation of the active ethyl acetate (CCE) and n-butanol (CCB) fractions of C. cajan L. leaves yielded 14 compounds. It was observed that both pinostrobin (9) and cajanus lactone (4) were found to be most active in inhibiting TNF-α (IC50<22 μM) and IL-1β (IC50<40 μM) whereas compounds 2, 3, 5-8, 10 and 14 showed moderate and mild effects (IC50=35.50-81.22 μM for TNF-α and 38.23-89.10 μM for IL-1β) in both the cell lines. Furthermore, at dose of 20mg/kg, both pinostrobin (9) and cajanus lactone (4) were found to reduce LPS-induced TNF-α levels by 48.6% and 55.0% respectively and IL-1β levels by 53.1% and 41.8% respectively in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. These findings suggest that C. cajan L. leaves can be developed as an effective herbal remedy for the treatment and prevention of inflammation or associated ailments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali 160062, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Neeraj K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali 160062, Punjab, India. Electronic address: kkbhutani@niper.ac.in.
authors.forename: Kamlesh K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Bhutani
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D036561:Cajanus / Q000737:chemistry*; D002460:Cell Line / Q000187:drug effects; D003374:Coumarins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D044950:Flavanones / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; C000597832:Cajanus lactone; D003374:Coumarins; D016207:Cytokines; D044950:Flavanones; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C411294:pinostrobin
keywords: Cajanus cajan; Cajanus lactone; Interleukin-1β; Pinostrobin; Stilbenes; tumor necrosis factor-α