title: Lack of association between intact/deletion polymorphisms of the APOBEC3B gene and HIV-1 risk.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The human APOBEC3 family of proteins potently restricts HIV-1 replication APOBEC3B, one of the family genes, is frequently deleted in human populations. Two previous studies reached inconsistent conclusions regarding the effects of APOBEC3B loss on HIV-1 acquisition and pathogenesis. Therefore, it was necessary to verify the effects of APOBEC3B on HIV-1 infection in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intact (I) and deletion (D) polymorphisms of APOBEC3B were analyzed using PCR. The syphilis, HBV and HCV infection rates, as well as CD4(+) T cell counts and viral loads were compared among three APOBEC3B genotype groups (I/I, D/I, and D/D). HIV-1 replication kinetics was assayed in vitro using primary cells derived from PBMCs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 248 HIV-1-infected Japanese men who have sex with men (MSM) patients and 207 uninfected Japanese MSM were enrolled in this study. The genotype analysis revealed no significant differences between the APOBEC3B genotype ratios of the infected and the uninfected cohorts (p = 0.66). In addition, HIV-1 disease progression parameters were not associated with the APOBEC3B genotype. Furthermore, the PBMCs from D/D and I/I subjects exhibited comparable HIV-1 susceptibility.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our analysis of a population-based matched cohort suggests that the antiviral mechanism of APOBEC3B plays only a negligible role in eliminating HIV-1 in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Mayumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Imahashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Japanese Foundation for AIDS Prevention, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Taisuke
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Izumi
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Osaka Medical Center, Osaka Japan.
authors.forename: Dai
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Junji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Imamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsuoka
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirotaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ode
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Masaoka
authors.affiliation: Center for Human Retrovirus Research, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Department of International Health Nursing, Graduate School of Nursing, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Noriyo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.affiliation: Department of International Health Nursing, Graduate School of Nursing, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Seiichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ichikawa
authors.affiliation: Center for Human Retrovirus Research, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Koyanagi
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Akifumi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takaori-Kondo
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Utsumi
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yokomaku
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Osaka Medical Center, Osaka Japan.
authors.forename: Takuma
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shirasaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan; Department of AIDS Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Wataru
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sugiura
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan; Department of AIDS Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasumasa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iwatani
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Naoe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase / Q000235:genetics*; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000235:genetics*; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015778:Minor Histocompatibility Antigens; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic
chemical_list: D015778:Minor Histocompatibility Antigens; C495794:APOBEC3B protein, human; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase