title: Measuring cone density in a Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata) model of age-related macular degeneration with commercially available adaptive optics.
abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of using a commercially available high-resolution adaptive optics (AO) camera to image the cone mosaic in Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) with dominantly inherited drusen. The macaques examined develop drusen closely resembling those seen in humans with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). For each animal, we acquired and processed images from the AO camera, montaged the results into a composite image, applied custom cone-counting software to detect individual cone photoreceptors, and created a cone density map of the macular region. We conclude that flood-illuminated AO provides a promising method of visualizing the cone mosaic in nonhuman primates. Future studies will quantify the longitudinal change in the cone mosaic and its relationship to the severity of drusen in these animals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 3375 SW Terwilliger Blvd, 97239, Portland, OR, USA, pennesim@ohsu.edu.
authors.forename: Mark E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Pennesi
authors.forename: Anupam K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Garg
authors.forename: Shu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Keith V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Michaels
authors.forename: Travis B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Jonathan D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Fay
authors.forename: Alison R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: Laurie M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Renner
authors.forename: Sawan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hurst
authors.forename: Trevor J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: McGill
authors.forename: Anda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cornea
authors.forename: Kay D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Rittenhouse
authors.forename: Marvin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sperling
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fruebis
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Neuringer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D058452:Axial Length, Eye / Q000473:pathology; D002452:Cell Count / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D008251:Macaca; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000473:pathology*; D018295:Neoplasms, Basal Cell; D009887:Ophthalmoscopy / Q000379:methods; D015594:Optic Disk Drusen / Q000473:pathology*; D017949:Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells / Q000166:cytology*