title: Removal of partial volume averaging with free water in MR diffusion tensor imaging using inversion recovery for b0 image.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To remove the partial volume averaging effect of free water in MR diffusion imaging of neural tissues by use of the fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) without the penalty of an extended scan time.
  
  
  METHODS
  The magnetic resonance images were obtained from a normal volunteer in a coronal slice orientation at 3T with the 20-channel rf coil. In diffusion imaging only the b0 images were obtained with the FLAIR contrast while the diffusion weighted images were obtained without the FLAIR contrast. A composition of FLAIR b0 and non-FLAIR diffusion weighted images was used in calculating the diffusion tensor and fractional anisotropy after compensating the reduced signal amplitude due to the inversion recovery in the FLAIR b0 images. The fractional anisotropy of the non-FLAIR, FLAIR, and the composite methods were analyzed for the mean and histogram in the corpus callosum, cervical spine, and the fornix tracts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The partial volume averaging effect was observed in the corpus callosum, the cervical spine, and the fornix tracts in the non-FLAIR b0 and diffusion images. The partial volume averaging effect was removed in the FLAIR diffusion images which took more than twice the scan time than the non-FLAIR diffusion imaging. The proposed composite FLAIR diffusion imaging removed the partial volume averaging effect as in the FLAIR diffusion imaging. The distribution of the FA histogram was very different between the non-FLAIR and FLAIR diffusion images, while it was very similar between the FLAIR and the composite FLAIR after correcting the white matter signal in the FLAIR b0 images.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The proposed composite FLAIR diffusion imaging method was equally effective in removing the partial volume averaging effect as the FLAIR diffusion imaging at a limited increase of the scan time since only a small number of b0 images needed to be obtained with the FLAIR contrast.
authors.affiliation: Research MRI Facility, Department of Radiology, University of Louisville, KY, USA. Electronic address: jung.kwanjin@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Kwan-Jin
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Jung
mesh_terms: D016880:Anisotropy; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D003337:Corpus Callosum / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D056324:Diffusion Tensor Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D020712:Fornix, Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D014867:Water
keywords: CSF; DTI; Diffusion tensor imaging; FLAIR; Fractional anisotropy; Partial volume