title: Coffee: biochemistry and potential impact on health.
abstract: This review provides details on the phytochemicals in green coffee beans and the changes that occur during roasting. Key compounds in the coffee beverage, produced from the ground, roasted beans, are volatile constituents responsible for the unique aroma, the alkaloids caffeine and trigonelline, chlorogenic acids, the diterpenes cafestol and kahweol, and melanoidins, which are Maillard reaction products. The fate of these compounds in the body following consumption of coffee is discussed along with evidence of the mechanisms by which they may impact on health. Finally, epidemiological findings linking coffee consumption to potential health benefits including prevention of several chronic and degenerative diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, and Parkinson's disease, are evaluated.
authors.affiliation: Plant Products and Human Nutrition Group, North Laboratory, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK. alan.crozier@glasgow.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Iziar A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Ludwig
authors.forename: Michael N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Clifford
authors.forename: Michael E J
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Lean
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ashihara
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Crozier
mesh_terms: D000470:Alkaloids / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis; D002110:Caffeine / Q000032:analysis; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D003069:Coffee / Q000737:chemistry*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000517:prevention & control; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004224:Diterpenes / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D015416:Maillard Reaction; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000517:prevention & control; D011108:Polymers / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D000975:Antioxidants; D003069:Coffee; D004224:Diterpenes; D011108:Polymers; C011908:melanoidin polymers; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid; D002110:Caffeine; C009560:trigonelline; C053401:kahweol; C053400:cafestol