title: Neuromyelitis optica MOG-IgG causes reversible lesions in mouse brain.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Antibodies against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG-IgG) are present in some neuromyelitis optica patients who lack antibodies against aquaporin-4 (AQP4-IgG). The effects of neuromyelitis optica MOG-IgG in the central nervous system have not been investigated in vivo. We microinjected MOG-IgG, obtained from patients with neuromyelitis optica, into mouse brains and compared the results with AQP4-IgG.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MOG-IgG caused myelin changes and altered the expression of axonal proteins that are essential for action potential firing, but did not produce inflammation, axonal loss, neuronal or astrocyte death. These changes were independent of complement and recovered within two weeks. By contrast, AQP4-IgG produced complement-mediated myelin loss, neuronal and astrocyte death with limited recovery at two weeks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These differences mirror the better outcomes for MOG-IgG compared with AQP4-IgG patients and raise the possibility that MOG-IgG contributes to pathology in some neuromyelitis optica patients.
authors.forename: Samira
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saadoun
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Waters
authors.forename: Gregory P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Owens
authors.forename: Jeffrey L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vincent
authors.affiliation: Academic Neurosurgery Unit, St, George's, University of London, London, UK. mpapadop@sgul.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Marios C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Papadopoulos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051401:Aquaporin 4 / Q000276:immunology; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D015816:Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000633:toxicity*; D051379:Mice; D004676:Myelin Basic Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D063308:Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein / Q000276:immunology*; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009471:Neuromyelitis Optica / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D015222:Sodium Channels / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D051401:Aquaporin 4; D015816:Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal; C491322:Cntnap1 protein, mouse; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D004676:Myelin Basic Protein; D063308:Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D015222:Sodium Channels