title: Evaluation of implementation, compliance and acceptance of partial smoking bans among hospitality workers before and after the Swiss Tobacco Control Act.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The World Health Organization recommends uniform comprehensive smoking bans in public places. In Switzerland, regulations differ between various areas and are mostly incomplete for hospitality venues. As ambiguous regulations offer more leeway for implementation, we evaluated the Swiss regulations with respect to their effects on implementation, acceptance and compliance among hospitality workers.
  
  
  METHODS
  In our longitudinal study, a standardized, self-administered questionnaire was mailed to a sample of 185 hospitality workers before and 4-6 month after the smoking ban came into effect. The matched longitudinal sample comprised 71 participants (repeated response rate 38.4%). We developed a seven-item acceptance scale. Logistic regressions were performed to explore the factors associated with acceptance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Acceptance of smoking bans was influenced by smoking status and perceived annoyance with second-hand smoke in private. Although not statistically significant (P = 0.09), we found some indications that post-ban acceptance increased in an area with strict regulations, whereas it decreased in two areas with less stringent regulations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tobacco bans in Swiss hospitality venues are still in a period of consolidation. The incomplete nature of the law may also have had a negative impact on the development of greater acceptance.
authors.affiliation: Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel 4002, Switzerland University of Basel, Basel 4003, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rajkumar
authors.affiliation: Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Zürich and Center for Organizational and Occupational Sciences, ETH Zurich, Hirschengraben 84, Zurich 8001, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.affiliation: Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel 4002, Switzerland University of Basel, Basel 4003, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Röösli
authors.affiliation: Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Zürich and Center for Organizational and Occupational Sciences, ETH Zurich, Hirschengraben 84, Zurich 8001, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Georg F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Bauer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012147:Restaurants / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D012907:Smoking / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013557:Switzerland; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000517:prevention & control*; D064424:Tobacco Use / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D017132:Workplace / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution
keywords: acceptance; environmental tobacco smoke; implementation research; second-hand smoke; workplace health promotion