title: Estimating the pollution risk of cadmium in soil using a composite soil environmental quality standard.
abstract: Estimating standard-exceeding probabilities of toxic metals in soil is crucial for environmental evaluation. Because soil pH and land use types have strong effects on the bioavailability of trace metals in soil, they were taken into account by some environmental protection agencies in making composite soil environmental quality standards (SEQSs) that contain multiple metal thresholds under different pH and land use conditions. This study proposed a method for estimating the standard-exceeding probability map of soil cadmium using a composite SEQS. The spatial variability and uncertainty of soil pH and site-specific land use type were incorporated through simulated realizations by sequential Gaussian simulation. A case study was conducted using a sample data set from a 150 km(2) area in Wuhan City and the composite SEQS for cadmium, recently set by the State Environmental Protection Administration of China. The method may be useful for evaluating the pollution risks of trace metals in soil with composite SEQSs.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China.
authors.forename: Mingkai
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-3974-3242
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.affiliation: Department of Geography and Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
authors.forename: Weidong
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-4558-3292
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Geography and Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
authors.forename: Chuanrong
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5249-141X
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China.
authors.forename: Biao
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China.
authors.forename: Yongcun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D001682:Biological Availability; D002104:Cadmium / Q000032:analysis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D002104:Cadmium