title: Childhood-onset primary generalized epilepsy--impacts on children's preferences for participation in out-of-school activities.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare preferences for participation in out-of-school activities between children with childhood-onset primary generalized epilepsy and their healthy peers. Overall, participants were 56 children aged 6-11 years. The study group included 26 children with childhood-onset primary generalized epilepsy. The controls were 30 healthy children. Parents of all participants completed a demographic and health status questionnaire. All children completed the Preference Assessment of Children (PAC) that profiles the out-of-school activities the child wishes to participate in. Scores are calculated for five activity types, namely, recreational, active physical, social, skill-based, and self-improvement and for two domains of formal and informal activities. Children with generalized epilepsy showed a similar preference for participation in out-of-school activities as did their healthy peers. The study group showed a lower preference for participation in social activities but showed a higher preference for participation in self-improvement activities. In both groups, younger children (aged 6-8 years) showed a lower preference for participation in most PAC scales. Older children (aged 9-11 years) showed a higher preference for participation in social activities. Difference between genders was close to being statistically significant in the skill-based activities (F(1,21)=3.84, p=.06), where girls showed a higher preference compared with boys. Intervention policies need to be undertaken in order to encourage children with epilepsy to participate in activities together with their healthy peers, aiming to enhance the well-being of children with primary generalized epilepsy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Batya
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Engel-Yeger
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Therapy, Rambam Medical Center, Rappaport School of Medicine, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zlotnik
authors.affiliation: Child Neurology Unit & Epilepsy Service, Meyer Children Hospital, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Sarit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ravid
authors.affiliation: Child Neurology Unit & Epilepsy Service, Meyer Children Hospital, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel. Electronic address: e_shahar@rambam.health.gov.il.
authors.forename: Eli
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shahar
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D004829:Epilepsy, Generalized / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007899:Leisure Activities / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D010379:Peer Group; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D012919:Social Behavior; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Children; Daily activities; Participation; Primary generalized epilepsy