title: Dietary deprivation of each essential amino acid induces differential systemic adaptive responses in mice.
abstract: METHODS
  Dietary deprivation of essential amino acids (EAAs) in mammals is known to cause reductions in food intake and body weight. The aim of this study was to determine whether and how mice respond to deprivation of individual EAA species.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dietary deprivation of any single EAA (not non-EAA) in mice led to progressive weight loss in the order of Ile(-) > Val(-) > Thr(-) > Leu(-) > Trp(-) > His(-) > Phe(-) > Met(-) > Lys(-) , which correlated with the reduction in food intake. Decreased levels of the deprived EAAs as well as increased levels of all or some of the other amino acids were detected in the serum, although these levels differed among the diets examined. Serum biochemistry identified significant increases in creatine phosphokinase, blood urea nitrogen, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase, and decreases in glucose and triglycerides; computed tomography revealed a marked reduction in abdominal/femoral fat and muscle depots; histology identified diffuse myofiber atrophy in the rectus femoris muscle, all in that approximate order. In contrast, amino acid response, autophagy, and ubiquitination marker genes as well as amino acid transporter genes were induced in both deprived EAA-specific and tissue-specific manners.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dietary deprivation of individual EAAs induced systemic adaptive responses that differed in magnitude and molecular machinery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Keio University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shotaro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kamata
authors.forename: Junya
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Kenta
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kamijo
authors.forename: Takahito
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ochiai
authors.forename: Tamako
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.forename: Yurika
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yoshitomi
authors.forename: Yoshifumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hagiya
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.forename: Rika
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ohkubo
authors.forename: Maiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawaguchi
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Himi
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kasahara
authors.forename: Isao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ishii
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000737:chemistry; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000601:Amino Acids, Essential / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood* / Q000172:deficiency*; D000818:Animals; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D001835:Body Weight; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood; D004032:Diet; D002149:Energy Intake; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000737:chemistry; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000378:metabolism; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000601:Amino Acids, Essential; D001786:Blood Glucose; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D007328:Insulin; D012709:Serum Albumin; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D003402:Creatine Kinase
keywords: Amino acid starvation; Autophagy; Computed tomography; Essential amino acid; Muscle atrophy