title: Perceptions of health status and survival in patients with metastatic lung cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cognitive awareness of having a terminal illness is associated with critical treatment decisions and outcomes. However, little is known about the course and correlates of such perceptions in patients with metastatic lung cancer.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We explored changes in perceptions of health status over time in patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and whether awareness of having a terminal illness was associated with survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  For this secondary analysis of clinical trial data, we assessed perceptions of health status at baseline, 12, 18, and 24 weeks. At each time point, patients with metastatic NSCLC completed a measure of quality of life (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Trial Outcome Index) and also reported whether they were "relatively healthy," "seriously but not terminally ill," or "seriously and terminally ill." We reviewed patients' medical records to gather data on clinical characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline, 49.3% reported being relatively healthy, whereas the remainder self-identified as seriously but not terminally ill (38.2%) or seriously and terminally ill (12.5%). Over multiple assessments, 24.8% reported having a terminal illness. Adjusting for known prognostic factors, patients' time-varying perceptions of health status remained a significant predictor of survival (hazards ratio = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.07-2.09, P = 0.019).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A minority of patients with metastatic NSCLC acknowledged being terminally ill. Those reporting that they were seriously and terminally ill had shorter survival compared with those who did not consider themselves terminally ill, even after adjusting for decline in physical and functional well-being.
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Electronic address: jgreer2@mgh.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Greer
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: William F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Pirl
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Vicki A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Alona
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Muzikansky
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Inga T
authors.initials: IT
authors.lastname: Lennes
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Emily R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Gallagher
authors.affiliation: Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Holly G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Prigerson
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Temel
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001294:Attitude to Health; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000401:mortality* / Q000523:psychology / Q000556:secondary*; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000523:psychology / Q000556:secondary*; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013727:Terminal Care; D019452:Terminally Ill / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Non-small cell lung cancer; health status; metastatic; survival