title: Determinants of prevalent human papillomavirus in recently formed heterosexual partnerships: a dyadic-level analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We studied features that predict the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in a new sexual partnership.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed data from the "HPV Infection and Transmission Among Couples Through Heterosexual Activity" (HITCH) Cohort Study of recently formed partnerships ("dyads"). Women aged 18-24 and their male partners were recruited during 2005-2010 in Montreal, Canada. We tested genital swabs for detection of 36 HPV types. We defined HPV in a partnership as the presence of 1 or more HPV types in either or both partners. Using baseline data from 482 dyads, we calculated prevalence ratios to evaluate candidate risk factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most women (88%) were unvaccinated. Sixty-seven percent of dyads harbored HPV. For 49% of dyads, both partners were HPV+. HPV was least prevalent in dyads who were in their first vaginal sex relationship (17%) and was virtually ubiquitous in dyads for which both partners had concurrent partners (96%). Dyads that always used condoms with previous partner(s) were 27% (95% confidence interval, 9%-42%) less likely to have HPV.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The finding that condom use limited onward spread to future partners is in support of condom promotion to prevent sexually transmitted infections. Ongoing monitoring of HPV in sexual networks is needed, particularly in populations with suboptimal vaccine coverage.
authors.affiliation: Ontario HIV Treatment Network Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Ontario Department of Oncology.
authors.forename: Ann N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Burchell
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology.
authors.forename: Allita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: Ontario HIV Treatment Network.
authors.forename: Veronika
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Moravan
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal.
authors.forename: Pierre-Paul
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Tellier
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hanley
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology Département de Microbiologie et Infectiologie, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal Département de Microbiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Coutlée
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health.
authors.forename: Eduardo L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Franco
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017280:Condoms / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology; D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015995:Prevalence; D011792:Quebec / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012747:Sexual Partners; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines
keywords: HPV vaccine; condoms; human papillomavirus; prevalence; sex partners; young adults