title: Heterotopic ossification in civilians with lower limb amputations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the incidence of symptomatic heterotopic ossification (HO) in a defined civilian amputee population, describe its characteristics, and compare these findings to published data in military amputees.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective chart analysis from July 1998 to July 2009.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ambulatory amputee clinic within a large university medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adults with lower limb amputation (N=158).
  
  
  METHODS
  Not applicable.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with symptomatic HO confirmed by radiographs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 261 patients were evaluated; 158 met inclusion criteria, with 59% having traumatic etiology, 18% vascular etiology, 22% infection, and 1% tumor. Symptomatic HO was diagnosed in 36 (22.8%) patients, and 94% patients had mild HO on radiographic scoring. Rate of HO in amputations related to trauma was not increased compared with those of other etiologies. Surgical resection of the ectopic bone was required in 4 (11%) patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HO is seen commonly after civilian lower limb amputation regardless of etiology. The prevalence was less than that observed in previous reports from military populations. This is the first report estimating the prevalence of HO in adult civilian amputees.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
authors.forename: Mary E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
authors.forename: Prakash
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jayabalan
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ziebarth
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA. Electronic address: muninmc@upmc.edu.
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Munin
mesh_terms: D000671:Amputation, Surgical / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000673:Amputation, Traumatic / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001186:Artificial Limbs / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015984:Causality; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009999:Ossification, Heterotopic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D010414:Pennsylvania; D015995:Prevalence; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies
keywords: Amputation; Ossification, heterotopic; Phantom limb; Prostheses and implants; Rehabilitation