title: Effects of ethanol and acetaldehyde in zebrafish brain structures: an in vitro approach on glutamate uptake and on toxicity-related parameters.
abstract: Ethanol (EtOH) and its metabolite, acetaldehyde (ALD), induce deleterious effects on central nervous system (CNS). Here we investigate the in vitro toxicity of EtOH and ALD (concentrations of 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1%) in zebrafish brain structures [telencephalon (TE), opticum tectum (OT), and cerebellum (CE)] by measuring the functionality of glutamate transporters, MTT reduction, and extracellular LDH activity. Both molecules decreased the activity of the Na(+)-dependent glutamate transporters in all brain structures. The strongest glutamate uptake inhibition after EtOH exposure was 58% (TE-1%), and after ALD, 91% (CE-1%). The results of MTT assay and LDH released demonstrated that the actions of EtOH and its metabolite are concentration and structure-dependent, in which ALD was more toxic than EtOH. In summary, our findings demonstrate a differential toxicity in vitro of EtOH and ALD in zebrafish brain structures, which can involve changes on glutamatergic parameters. We suggest that this species may be an interesting model for assessing the toxicological actions of alcohol and its metabolite in CNS.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: kamizenki@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Kamila Cagliari
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Zenki
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ben Hur Marins
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Mussulini
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Excitotoxicidade e Neuroproteção (INCT-EN) 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eduardo Pacheco
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Rico
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), USA.
authors.forename: Diogo Lösch
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Excitotoxicidade e Neuroproteção (INCT-EN) 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), USA; Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Avenida Roraima, 1000, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: dbrosemberg@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Denis Broock
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Rosemberg
mesh_terms: D000079:Acetaldehyde / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D000431:Ethanol / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D015027:Zebrafish
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D000079:Acetaldehyde
keywords: Acetaldehyde; Ethanol; Glutamate; LDH; MTT; Zebrafish