title: Effect of electrostatic charge on deposition of uniformly charged monodisperse particles in the nasal extrathoracic airways of an infant.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The fraction of inhaled particles depositing in the nasal extrathoracic airways determines the amount of particles delivered to the lungs of infants. Electrostatic charge on particles can affect this deposition, and for this reason, deposition of charged aerosol particles in the Alberta Idealized Infant nasal geometry is examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Charged aerosol particles were generated via Plateau-Rayleigh jet breakup atomization with induction charging. Nasal deposition was measured by collecting particles on a filter membrane at the inlet and outlet of the airway and measuring their mass with an ultramicrobalance. The experiments were carried out using monodisperse, uniformly charged particles with aerodynamic diameters of 3-6 μm at two flow rates of 7.5 and 15 L/min, for a charge range of 0-10,000 e per particle.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Electrostatic charge effects are largest for the lowest flow rate, smallest particle size, and highest charge level, with deposition in this case being approximately three times that for neutral particles. Higher flow rates and larger particle size result in much weaker electrostatic effects, with even the highest charge levels giving only a few percent higher deposition for the largest particle size and flow rate considered in this study. A dimensionless empirical relation based on the experimental data was developed for predicting deposition of charged particles in the idealized infant airway.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Electrostatic charge on inhaled aerosol particles has only a minor effect on deposition for large particles at higher flow rates, because in this case inertial impaction dominates deposition. However, for particles with low inertia, for example, small particles or low flow rates, large values of electrostatic charge strongly increase nasal deposition in the present infant extrathoracic airway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta , Edmonton, AB T6G 2G8 Canada .
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Azhdarzadeh
authors.forename: Jason S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Olfert
authors.forename: Reinhard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vehring
authors.forename: Warren H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Finlay
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000336:Aerosols; D003652:Decanoic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D009038:Motion; D009666:Nose / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D010316:Particle Size; D011312:Pressure; D055672:Static Electricity; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D003652:Decanoic Acids; C037634:di-2-ethylhexyl sebacate
keywords: electrostatic effects; empirical relation; infant nasal extrathoracic airway; monodisperse uniformly charged particles