title: Dietary α-mangostin, a xanthone from mangosteen fruit, exacerbates experimental colitis and promotes dysbiosis in mice.
abstract: METHODS
  Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the colon. α-Mangostin (α-MG), the most abundant xanthone in mangosteen fruit, exerts anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities in vitro. We evaluated the impact of dietary α-MG on murine experimental colitis and on the gut microbiota of healthy mice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Colitis was induced in C57BL/6J mice by administration of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Mice were fed control diet or diet with α-MG (0.1%). α-MG exacerbated the pathology of DSS-induced colitis. Mice fed diet with α-MG had greater colonic inflammation and injury, as well as greater infiltration of CD3(+) and F4/80(+) cells, and colonic myeloperoxidase, than controls. Serum levels of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, IL-6, and serum amyloid A were also greater in α-MG-fed animals than in controls. The colonic and cecal microbiota of healthy mice fed α-MG but no DSS shifted to an increased abundance of Proteobacteria and decreased abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, a profile similar to that found in human UC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  α-MG exacerbated colonic pathology during DSS-induced colitis. These effects may be associated with an induction of intestinal dysbiosis by α-MG. Our results suggest that the use of α-MG-containing supplements by patients with UC may have unintentional risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Food Innovation Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Fabiola
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gutierrez-Orozco
authors.forename: Jennifer M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Thomas-Ahner
authors.forename: Lisa D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Berman-Booty
authors.forename: Jeffrey D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Galley
authors.forename: Chureeporn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chitchumroonchokchai
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mace
authors.forename: Sunit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suksamrarn
authors.forename: Michael T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: Steven K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Clinton
authors.forename: Gregory B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Lesinski
authors.forename: Mark L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Failla
mesh_terms: D000682:Amyloid / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology*; D003106:Colon / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000382:microbiology; D016264:Dextran Sulfate; D004032:Diet; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D064806:Dysbiosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D029762:Garcinia mangostana / Q000737:chemistry*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D020560:Proteobacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification; D044004:Xanthones / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000682:Amyloid; D015850:Interleukin-6; D044004:Xanthones; D016264:Dextran Sulfate; D009195:Peroxidase; C021053:mangostin
keywords: Diet; Gut microbiota; Inflammation; Mouse model