title: Identification of early interactions between Francisella and the host.
abstract: The adaptive immune response to Francisella tularensis is dependent on the route of inoculation. Intradermal inoculation with the F. tularensis live vaccine strain (LVS) results in a robust Th1 response in the lungs, whereas intranasal inoculation produces fewer Th1 cells and instead many Th17 cells. Interestingly, bacterial loads in the lungs are similar early after inoculation by these two routes. We hypothesize that the adaptive immune response is influenced by local events in the lungs, such as the type of cells that are first infected with Francisella. Using fluorescence-activated cell sorting, we identified alveolar macrophages as the first cell type infected in the lungs of mice intranasally inoculated with F. novicida U112, LVS, or F. tularensis Schu S4. Following bacterial dissemination from the skin to the lung, interstitial macrophages or neutrophils are infected. Overall, we identified the early interactions between Francisella and the host following two different routes of inoculation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
authors.forename: Lydia M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: Shraddha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tuladhar
authors.forename: Shaun P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Steele
authors.forename: Kristina J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Riebe
authors.forename: Ching-Ju
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: R Ian
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Cumming
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Seay
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Frothingham
authors.forename: Gregory D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Sempowski
authors.forename: Thomas H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Kawula
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Frelinger
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity; D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000818:Animals; D058491:Bacterial Load; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005604:Francisella tularensis / Q000276:immunology*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000276:immunology*; D008168:Lung / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000382:microbiology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000382:microbiology; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000382:microbiology; D014406:Tularemia / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology