title: Comparison between particulate matter and ultrafine particle emission by electronic and normal cigarettes in real-life conditions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Electronic cigarettes may be safer than conventional cigarettes as they generate less indoor pollution in terms of particulate matter (PM); however, recent findings in experimental conditions demonstrated that secondhand exposure to PM may be expected from e-cigarette smoking. The aim of the present study was to investigate the emission of PM generated by e-cigarettes and normal cigarettes under real-life conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Real-time measurement and comparison of PM and ultrafine particles (UFP) generated by electronic cigarettes with and without nicotine and by normal cigarettes in a 50 m3 office of an Italian comprehensive cancer center was performed. PM mass as PM1, PM2.5, PM7, PM10, total suspended particles (TSP) in μg/m³ and UFP in number of particles per cubic centimeter from 10 to 1,000 nanometers were measured. Outdoor concentrations were measured contemporaneously to compensate for urban background changes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Regardless of their nicotine content, e-cigarettes generated lower PM levels than conventional cigarettes. Notably, nicotine-enriched e-cigarettes produced lower PM levels than their nicotine-free counterparts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  E-cigarettes appear to generate less indoor pollution than normal cigarettes and may therefore be safer. Further studies are required to investigate the long-term health-related effects of secondhand e-cigarette exposure.
authors.forename: Ario Alberto
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Ruprecht
authors.forename: Cinzia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: De Marco
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pozzi
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Munarini
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mazza
authors.forename: Giorgia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Angellotti
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Turla
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Boffi
mesh_terms: D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor; D002173:Cancer Care Facilities; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D009538:Nicotine; D052638:Particulate Matter; D012907:Smoking; D062789:Tobacco Products
chemical_list: D052638:Particulate Matter; D009538:Nicotine