title: Oxidative changes and apoptosis induced by 1800-MHz electromagnetic radiation in NIH/3T3 cells.
abstract: To investigate the potential adverse effects of mobile phone radiation, we studied reactive oxygen species (ROS), DNA damage and apoptosis in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (NIH/3T3) after intermittent exposure (5 min on/10 min off, for various durations from 0.5 to 8 h) to an 1800-MHz GSM-talk mode electromagnetic radiation (EMR) at an average specific absorption rate of 2 W/kg. A 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate fluorescence probe was used to detect intracellular ROS levels, immunofluorescence was used to detect γH2AX foci as a marker for DNA damage, and flow cytometry was used to measure apoptosis. Our results showed a significant increase in intracellular ROS levels after EMR exposure and it reached the highest level at an exposure time of 1 h (p < 0.05) followed by a slight decrease when the exposure continued for as long as 8 h. No significant effect on the number of γH2AX was detected after EMR exposure. The percentage of late-apoptotic cells in the EMR-exposed group was significantly higher than that in the sham-exposed groups (p < 0.05). These results indicate that an 1800-MHz EMR enhances ROS formation and promotes apoptosis in NIH/3T3 cells.
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology , Beijing , China and.
authors.forename: Qingxia
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: Minglian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Shuicai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Xuemei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Guangzhou
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: An
authors.forename: Huan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xie
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000528:radiation effects*; D040421:Cell Phone; D004249:DNA Damage; D060733:Electromagnetic Radiation; D042541:Intracellular Space / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D051379:Mice; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000528:radiation effects*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species
keywords: 1800-MHz; DNA damage; ROS; apoptosis; mobile phone radiation