title: Serum levels of inflammatory markers in type 2 diabetes patients with chronic periodontitis.
abstract: Diabetes has been associated with periodontitis, but the mechanisms through which periodontal diseases affect the metabolic control remain unclear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to evaluate serum leveis of inflammatory markers, IL-8, IL-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), in type 2 diabetic patients in the presence of chronic periodontitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty two individuals were enrolled in this study and assigned to one of five groups: diabetes mellitus with inadequate glycemic control and periodontitis (DMI+P, n = 10), diabetes mellitus with adequate glycemic control and periodontitis (DMA+P, n = 10), diabetes mellitus without periodontitis (DM, n = 10), periodontitis without diabetes (P, n=6), and neither diabetes nor periodontitis (H, n = 6). Periodontal clinical examination included visible plaque index (PL), gingival bleeding index (GB), probing depth (PD), attachment level (AL) and bleeding on probing (BP). Glycemic control was evaluated by serum concentration of glycated hemoglobin (HbAlc). Inflammatory serum markers IL-8, IL-6 and (MCP-1) were measured by ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DMI+P and DMA+P groups presented higher PD (p=0.025) and AL (p=0.003) values when compared to the P group. There were no significant differences among groups for IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1 serum levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although periodontitis was more severe in diabetic patients, the serum levels of the investigated inflammatory markers did not differ among the groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Priscila Larcher
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Longo
authors.affiliation: Division of Periodontics, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Hilana Paula Carillo
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Artese
authors.affiliation: Division of Periodontics, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marianade Sousa
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Rabelo
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Dione
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kawamoto
authors.affiliation: Division of Periodontics, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adriana Moura
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Foz
authors.affiliation: Division of Periodontics, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Giuseppe Alexandre
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Romito
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sergio Atala
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Dib
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcia Pinto Alves
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Mayer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000097:blood*; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010512:Periodontal Index; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8