title: Comparison of standard-pressure and low-pressure pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a double blinded randomized controlled study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  With the safety of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) having been established, the current stress is on reducing the postoperative morbidity associated with this procedure. Hence, this study was undertaken to compare the effect of low-pressure (8 mm Hg) (LPLC) versus standard-pressure (12 mm Hg) (SPLC) pneumoperitoneum on postoperative pain, respiratory and liver functions, the stress response, and the intraoperative surgeon comfort in patients undergoing LC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients undergoing LC (n=43) were randomized into the LPLC (8 mm Hg) group (n=22) and the SPLC (12 mm Hg) group (n=21). Postoperative pain, changes in liver function, peak expiration flow rate, C-reactive protein level, and intraoperative surgeon comfort were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The postoperative pain scores (P=0.003, 0.000, 0.001, and 0.002 at 0, 4, 8, and 24 h), total analgesic requirement (P=0.001), and the number (total and good) of demands for analgesic in the first 24 hours (P=0.002 and 0.001) were lower in the LPLC group. The surgeon comfort in the LPLC group was significantly lesser (P=0.000). The liver function and peak expiration flow rate did not show any significant changes. C-reactive protein levels varied significantly only at 24 hours postoperatively (P=0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of low-pressure pneumoperitoneum (8 mm Hg) for LC is associated with a significantly lower postoperative pain. However, the use of this low-pressure pneumoperitoneum can jeopardize the surgeon's comfort.
authors.affiliation: Departments of *Plastic Surgery †Surgery ‡Anesthesiology and Critical Care §Biochemistry ∥Urology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry ¶Department of Community Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences (UCMS), New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Nandhagopal
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vijayaraghavan
authors.forename: Sarath Chandra
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Sistla
authors.forename: Pankaj
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kundra
authors.forename: Palghat Hariharan
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Ananthanarayan
authors.forename: Vilvapathy Senguttuvan
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Karthikeyan
authors.forename: Sheik Manwar
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: Sajith P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Sasi
authors.forename: Krishnamurthy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vikram
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000379:methods*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010149:Postoperative Pain; D010366:Peak Expiratory Flow Rate; D011028:Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial / Q000379:methods*; D011312:Pressure; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D002097:C-Reactive Protein