title: Supplementation of parenteral nutrition with fish oil attenuates acute lung injury in a rat model.
abstract: Fish oil rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids has diverse immunomodulatory properties and attenuates acute lung injury when administered in enternal nutrition. However, enteral nutrition is not always feasible. Therefore, we investigated the ability of parenteral nutrition supplemented with fish oil to ameliorate acute lung injury. Rats were infused with parenteral nutrition solutions (without lipids, with soybean oil, or with soybean oil and fish oil) for three days. Lipopolysaccharide (15 mg/kg) was then administered intratracheally to induce acute lung injury, characterized by impaired lung function, polymorphonuclear leukocyte recruitment, parenchymal tissue damage, and upregulation of mRNAs for inflammatory mediators. Administration of parenteral nutrition supplemented with fish oil prior to lung insult improved gas exchange and inhibited neutrophil recruitment and upregulation of mRNAs for inflammatory mediators. Parenteral nutrition supplemented with fish oil also prolonged survival. To investigate the underlying mechanisms, leukotriene B4 and leukotriene B5 secretion was measured in neutrophils from the peritoneal cavity. The neutrophils from rats treated with fish oil-rich parenteral nutrition released significantly more leukotriene B5, an anti-inflammatory eicosanoid, than neutrophils isolated from rats given standard parenteral nutrition. Parenteral nutrition with fish oil significantly reduced lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury in rats in part by promoting the synthesis of anti-inflammatory eicosanoids.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency, Disaster and Critical Care Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kohama
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency, Disaster and Critical Care Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsunori
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nakao
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency, Disaster and Critical Care Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Mariko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Terashima
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency, Disaster and Critical Care Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan ; Kobe University Graduate School of Health Science, 7-10-2, Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 654-0142, Japan.
authors.forename: Michiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aoyama-Ishikawa
authors.affiliation: Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc., 115 Kuguhara, Tateiwa, Muya-cho, Naruto, Tokushima 772-8601, Japan.
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.affiliation: Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc., 115 Kuguhara, Tateiwa, Muya-cho, Naruto, Tokushima 772-8601, Japan.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.affiliation: Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc., 115 Kuguhara, Tateiwa, Muya-cho, Naruto, Tokushima 772-8601, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsuo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.affiliation: Kobe University Graduate School of Health Science, 7-10-2, Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 654-0142, Japan.
authors.forename: Hayato
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.affiliation: Kobe University Graduate School of Health Science, 7-10-2, Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 654-0142, Japan.
authors.forename: Mayu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency, Disaster and Critical Care Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Joji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kotani
keywords: acute lung injury; fish oil; nutritional support; omega-3 fatty acids; rat model