title: Enzyme catalytic efficiency: a function of bio-nano interface reactions.
abstract: Biocatalyst immobilization onto carbon-based nanosupports has been implemented in a variety of applications ranging from biosensing to biotransformation and from decontamination to energy storage. However, retaining enzyme functionality at carbon-based nanosupports was challenged by the non-specific attachment of the enzyme as well as by the enzyme-enzyme interactions at this interface shown to lead to loss of enzyme activity. Herein, we present a systematic study of the interplay reactions that take place upon immobilization of three pure enzymes namely soybean peroxidase, chloroperoxidase, and glucose oxidase at carbon-based nanosupport interfaces. The immobilization conditions involved both single and multipoint single-type enzyme attachment onto single and multi-walled carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide nanomaterials with properties determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Our analysis showed that the different surface properties of the enzymes as determined by their molecular mapping and size work synergistically with the carbon-based nanosupports physico-chemical properties (i.e., surface chemistry, charge and aspect ratios) to influence enzyme catalytic behavior and activity at nanointerfaces. Knowledge gained from these studies can be used to optimize enzyme-nanosupport symbiotic reactions to provide robust enzyme-based systems with optimum functionality to be used for fermentation, biosensors, or biofuel applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering and ‡Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States.
authors.forename: Alan S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Chenbo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Fanke
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: Jeremy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hardinger
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Perhinschi
authors.forename: Nianqiang
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Cerasela Zoica
authors.initials: CZ
authors.lastname: Dinu
mesh_terms: D055162:Biocatalysis; D002711:Chloride Peroxidase / Q000737:chemistry*; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized / Q000737:chemistry; D005949:Glucose Oxidase / Q000737:chemistry*; D007700:Kinetics; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000737:chemistry*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D013025:Glycine max / Q000201:enzymology; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
chemical_list: D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D010940:Plant Proteins; D005949:Glucose Oxidase; D002711:Chloride Peroxidase; D009195:Peroxidase