title: Malformation of incisor teeth in Grem2⁻/⁻ mice.
abstract: GREMLIN 2 (GREM2)--formerly, protein related to Dan and cerberus (PRDC)-is a potent antagonist of the bone morphogenetic proteins 2 and 4, but little else in known about its functions. We found that Grem2(-/-) mice developed small deformed mandibular and maxillary incisors, indicating that GREMLIN2 is required for normal tooth morphogenesis. Although DEXA scans suggested that bone mineral density might be increased in Grem2(-/-) mice, histology did not reveal any evident bone phenotype. Grem2(-/-) mice did not display any other notable phenotypes evaluated in a high-throughput screening process that encompassed a range of immunologic, metabolic, ophthalmic, and behavioral parameters. Our findings indicate that Grem2 can be added to the growing list of genes that affect tooth development in mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals Inc, The Woodlands, TX, USA peter.vogel@stjude.org.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vogel
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolism, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals Inc, The Woodlands, TX, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals Inc, The Woodlands, TX, USA.
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Platt
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals Inc, The Woodlands, TX, USA.
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Read
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals Inc, The Woodlands, TX, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thiel
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals Inc, The Woodlands, TX, USA.
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Vance
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolism, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals Inc, The Woodlands, TX, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brommage
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D007180:Incisor; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009805:Odontogenesis; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2
keywords: Gremlin; bone morphogenetic protein; cusp; incisor; microdontia; molar; tooth