title: Shellfish allergy and relation to iodinated contrast media: United Kingdom survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess current practice of United Kingdom cardiologists with respect to patients with reported shellfish/iodine allergy, and in particular the use of iodinated contrast for elective coronary angiography. Moreover we have reviewed the current evidence-base and guidelines available in this area.
  
  
  METHODS
  A questionnaire survey was send to 500 senior United Kingdom cardiologists (almost 50% cardiologists registered with British Cardiovascular Society) using email and first 100 responses used to analyze practise. We involved cardiologists performing coronary angiograms routinely both at secondary and tertiary centres. Three specific questions relating to allergy were asked: (1) History of shellfish/iodine allergy in pre-angiography assessment; (2) Treatments offered for shellfish/iodine allergy individuals; and (3) Any specific treatment protocol for shellfish/iodine allergy cases. We aimed to establish routine practice in United Kingdom for patients undergoing elective coronary angiography. We also performed comprehensive PubMed search for the available evidence of relationship between shellfish/iodine allergy and contrast media.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 100 responses were received, representing 20% of all United Kingdom cardiologists. Ninety-three replies were received from consultant cardiologists, 4 from non-consultant grades and 3 from cardiology specialist nurses. Amongst the respondents, 66% routinely asked about a previous history of shellfish/iodine allergy. Fifty-six percent would pre-treat these patients with steroids and anti-histamines. The other 44% do nothing, or do nonspecific testing based on their personal experience as following: (1) Skin test with 1 mL of subcutaneous contrast before intravenous contrast; (2) Test dose 2 mL contrast before coronary injection; (3) Close observation for shellfish allergy patients; and (4) Minimal evidence that the steroid and anti-histamine regime is effective but it makes us feel better.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is no evidence that allergy to shellfish alters the risk of reaction to intravenous contrast more than any other allergy and asking about such allergies in pre-angiogram assessment will not provide any additional information except propagating the myth.
authors.affiliation: Mudassar Baig, Lancashire Cardiac Centre, Blackpool Victoria Hospital, Blackpool, Lancashire FY3 8NR, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Mudassar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baig
authors.affiliation: Mudassar Baig, Lancashire Cardiac Centre, Blackpool Victoria Hospital, Blackpool, Lancashire FY3 8NR, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Farag
authors.affiliation: Mudassar Baig, Lancashire Cardiac Centre, Blackpool Victoria Hospital, Blackpool, Lancashire FY3 8NR, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Jamal
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sajid
authors.affiliation: Mudassar Baig, Lancashire Cardiac Centre, Blackpool Victoria Hospital, Blackpool, Lancashire FY3 8NR, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Rahul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Potluri
authors.affiliation: Mudassar Baig, Lancashire Cardiac Centre, Blackpool Victoria Hospital, Blackpool, Lancashire FY3 8NR, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: R Bruce
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Irwin
authors.affiliation: Mudassar Baig, Lancashire Cardiac Centre, Blackpool Victoria Hospital, Blackpool, Lancashire FY3 8NR, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Hafiz Mohammed Idrees
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Khalid
keywords: Contrast allergy; High osmolarity contrast media; Iodinated contrast allergy; Low osmolarity contrast media; Pre-angiography assessment; Shellfish allergy