title: Secondary prevention after ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with stroke or transient ischemic attack are at increased risk of recurrent stroke. Transient ischemic attack is a harbinger for stroke merely hours to days after the initial transient ischemic attack. There is thus a narrow window of opportunity to initiate evidence-based therapies for secondary prevention of stroke. Our objective was to assess hospital adherence at discharge to secondary prevention measures after transient ischemic attack or ischemic stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational study of patients in the Get With The Guidelines-Stroke registry from 2007 to 2011. Patients were divided into 2 cohorts based on presentation: transient ischemic attack versus ischemic stroke. Adherence to evidence-based secondary prevention and other quality measures were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 858,835 patients with transient ischemic attack or ischemic stroke, 259,319 (30%) patients presented with a transient ischemic attack and 599,516 (70%) patients presented with an ischemic stroke. After adjusting for patient and hospital characteristics, adherence to secondary prevention measures was consistently lower for the transient ischemic attack cohort (vs ischemic stroke cohort), who had lower odds of being discharged on antithrombotics (odds ratio [OR] 0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59-0.66; P <.0001), anticoagulants for atrial fibrillation (OR 0.65; 95% CI, 0.61-0.68; P <.0001), lipid-lowering medication for LDL >100 mg/dL (OR 0.52; 95% CI, 0.50-0.54; P <.0001), intensive statin therapy (OR 0.74; 95% CI, 0.72-0.76; P <.0001), LDL cholesterol measurement (OR 0.66; 95% CI, 0.64-0.68; P <.0001), smoking cessation counseling (OR 0.83; 95% CI, 0.78-0.89; P <.0001), stroke education (OR 0.71; 95% CI, 0.69-0.73; P <.0001), or weight loss recommendations (OR 0.88; 95% CI, 0.85-0.90; P <.0001). The adherence to evidence-based therapies increased significantly (P <.0001) over time (2007-2011) for both the cohorts, but the increasing trend was consistently lower for patients who presented with transient ischemic attack.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients surviving an ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack, adherence to evidence-based secondary prevention discharge measures were consistently less for patients with transient ischemic attack, thus representing a missed opportunity at instituting preventive measures to reduce the risk of recurrent stroke.
authors.affiliation: New York University Medical Center, New York. Electronic address: sripalbangalore@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sripal
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bangalore
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.
authors.forename: Lee
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schwamm
authors.affiliation: Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Eric E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Mercy Heart and Vascular Institute, Sacramento, Calif.
authors.forename: Inder M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Ahmanson-UCLA Cardiomyopathy Center, Los Angeles, Calif.
authors.forename: Gregg C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Fonarow
authors.affiliation: Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart & Vascular Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
authors.forename: Deepak L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Bhatt
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D016540:Smoking Cessation
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents
keywords: Secondary prevention; Stroke; Transient ischemic attacks