title: The Effect of Lifestyle Intervention on Body Composition, Glycemic Control, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) affects 18-22% women of reproductive age. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify expected benefits of lifestyle (exercise and dietary) interventions on various clinical outcomes in PCOS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Potential studies were identified by conducting systematic search of PubMed, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Cochrane controlled trials registry (1966 to April 2013) using key concepts of PCOS, exercise, dietary and lifestyle interventions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant improvements were seen in women who received lifestyle intervention vs. usual care, in body composition parameters of body mass index, mean difference (MD) = -0.12 kg.m(-2) (95% CI [-0.22, -0.03], p = .009), body mass MD = -3.42 kg (95% CI [-4.86, -1.99], p < .00001), waist circumference MD = -1.64 cm (95% CI [-2.09, -1.19], p < .00001), waist-hip ratio MD = -0.03 (95% CI [-0.05, -0.01], p = .0002), and body fat % MD = -1.71% (95% CI [-3.10, -0.32], p = .02). Insulin did not improve, MD = -1.21 pmol/L (95% CI [-3.06, -0.63], p = .20). Lipid profile did not improve, total cholesterol MD = -0.02 mmol/L (95% CI [-0.25, 0.21], p = .89). C-reactive protein was significantly lower, MD = -0.47 mmol/L (95% CI [-0.80, -0.15], p = .004). Significant improvements were also observed in cardiorespiratory fitness with exercise alone reducing resting heart rate, MD = -1.89 beats.min(-1) (95% CI [-2.90, -0.88], p = .0002), and peak VO2, MD = 4.86 ml.kg(-1).min(-1) (95% CI [2.83, 6.88], p < .00001). Lifestyle therapy also improved, peak VO2 MD = 5.09 ml.kg(-1).min(-1) (95% CI [3.13, 7.05], p < .00001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our analyses suggest lifestyle intervention is optimal for improving body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness in women with PCOS.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Exercise Science, University of New England, Armidale, Australia.
authors.forename: Liza
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Haqq
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McFarlane
authors.forename: Gudrun
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dieberg
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Smart
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000502:physiology*; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D004032:Diet; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008019:Life Style; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000628:therapy*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D055105:Waist Circumference; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D008055:Lipids; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D002784:Cholesterol