title: Injury in Minipig Parotid Glands following Fractionated Exposure to 30 Gy of Ionizing Radiation.
abstract: To explore the effects of 30 Gy of (60)Co γ-rays on apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in minipig parotid cells as a possible mechanism for radiation-induced parotid injury.
  
  
  
  Experimental study.
  
  
  
  Department of Radiotherapy, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
  
  
  
  Forty male minipigs were divided into control and irradiated groups. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling was used for detecting apoptosis in the parotid cells, immunohistochemistry, and western blots were used to test expression of the B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and BCL2-associated X (Bax) proteins, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze the expression of Bcl-2, Bax, p53, and caspase-3 messenger ribonucleic acid. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect ROS levels in the parotid tissue.
  
  
  
  At each time point, the apoptotic rates in the irradiated group were higher than those in the control group. Furthermore, the ROS and expression levels of Bax, p53, and caspase-3 messenger ribonucleic acid and proteins gradually increased and were higher than those in the control group. Conversely, the expression of Bcl-2 was decreased in the irradiated group (P < .05).
  
  
  
  Ionizing radiation induces the production of ROS and promotes changes in the expression of several apoptotic proteins, which increases apoptosis and likely contributes to the mechanism of radiation-induced parotid injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiotherapy, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China 13807806008@163.com.
authors.forename: Ren-Sheng
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiotherapy, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
authors.forename: Ting-Ting
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiotherapy, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
authors.forename: Zhuo-Hua
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiotherapy, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiotherapy, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiotherapy, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
authors.forename: Sha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Long
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiotherapy, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
authors.forename: Hai-Ying
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Yue
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000528:radiation effects*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000528:radiation effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005720:Gamma Rays; D016158:Genes, p53 / Q000235:genetics / Q000528:radiation effects; D008297:Male; D010306:Parotid Gland / Q000293:injuries* / Q000378:metabolism*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D013552:Swine; D013556:Swine, Miniature; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D053148:Caspase 3
keywords: ROS; apoptosis; parotid glands; radiation-induced injury