title: Serum levels of malondialdehyde, vitamin C and E in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome: a meta-analysis.
abstract: It is well documented that oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS). Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a measurement of lipid oxidation; vitamin C and E are important components of antioxidants. However, the association between MDA, vitamin C or E levels and INS remains elusive. A meta-analysis was performed to investigate the alteration of serum levels of MDA, vitamin C and E in INS compared with controls. Eight studies were included in our meta-analysis according to predefined criteria. Active INS patients demonstrated significantly higher level of serum MDA (SMD: 2.13, 95% CI: 1.511 to 2.749, p < 10(-4)), markedly lower levels of serum vitamin C (SMD: -1.449, 95% CI: -2.616 to -0.281, p = 0.015) and E (SMD: -1.45, 95% CI: -2.544 to -0.356, p = 0.009) compared with those in controls. Active steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) patients showed comparable levels of serum vitamin C and E to those in controls. INS subjects in the remission stage demonstrated significantly higher level of serum MDA (SMD: 1.028, 95% CI: 0.438 to 1.617, p < 10(-4)), markedly lower level of serum vitamin C (SMD: -2.235, 95% CI: -3.048 to -1.421, p < 10(4)) and similar level of serum vitamin E compared with those in controls. No significant publication bias was observed. In conclusion, the disorder of MDA and vitamin C persists in the remission stage of INS. It seems that the serum levels of vitamin C and E is associated with the responsiveness of INS to steroids. However, more studies should be performed in the future.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China.
authors.forename: Song
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: Aihua
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Songming
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood*; D009404:Nephrotic Syndrome / Q000097:blood*; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D014810:Vitamin E; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D001205:Ascorbic Acid
keywords: Antioxidant; idiopathic nephrotic syndrome; meta-analysis