title: Dipalmitoleoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine induces apoptosis of NCI-H28 malignant mesothelioma cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The phospholipid phosphatidylethanolamine regulates a wide range of cellular processes. The present study investigated the antitumor effect of 1,2-dipalmitoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DPPE) on malignant pleural mesothelioma cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Activities of protein phosphatases (PPs) such as PP1, PP2A, and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) were assayed under cell-free conditions. 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining, and western blotting were carried out on the human Met5A non-malignant mesothelial cell line and NCI-H28 malignant mesothelioma cell line.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DPPE significantly enhanced PP2A and PTP1B activities. DPPE tended to attenuate activity of extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1 (ERK1)/ERK2, with the greater efficacy for NCI-H28 cells than that for Met5A cells. DPPE reduced NCI-H28 cell viability in a concentration (1-100 μM)-dependent manner, while it had no effect on Met5A cell viability. DPPE markedly increased TUNEL-positive cells in the NCI-H28 cell line, but otherwise induced few TUNEL-positive cells in the Met5A cell line.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the present study clearly demonstrate that DPPE induces apoptosis of NCI-H28 malignant pleural mesothelioma cells. DPPE-induced enhancement of PP2A and PTP1B activities might at least in part contribute to the apoptotic effect of DPPE.
authors.affiliation: Division of Bioinformation, Department of Physiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan. tomoyuki@hyo-med.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yoshiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kaku
authors.forename: Ayako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsuchiya
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanno
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishizaki
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D004983:Ethanolamines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects; D008654:Mesothelioma / Q000378:metabolism*; D000086002:Mesothelioma, Malignant; D010997:Pleural Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D054562:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004983:Ethanolamines; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; C494000:dipalmitoleoylphosphatidylethanolamine; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; C119357:protein phosphatase methylesterase-1; C516607:PTPN1 protein, human; D054562:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1
keywords: Dipalmitoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine; apoptosis; malignant pleural mesothelioma; protein phosphatase