title: How to overcome male infertility after 40: Influence of paternal age on fertility.
abstract: The recent trend toward delayed parenthood raises major safety concerns because of the adverse effects of aging on couple fertility. Studies have demonstrated that aging clearly affects female fertility, but can also affect male fertility. Although several theories have been proposed, the exact mechanisms responsible for the observed age-related decline in male fertility remain to be elucidated. It has been shown that advanced paternal age (PA) is associated with reduced semen volume as well as, reduced sperm count, motility and morphology. Recent studies have also reported that paternal aging is associated with a significant increase in the prevalence of both genomic and epigenomic sperm defects. In the context of natural and intrauterine insemination (IUI) conception, advanced paternal age has been associated with lower pregnancy rates and increased rates of spontaneous abortion (independent of maternal age). In IVF and oocyte donation programs, a significant decrease in late blastocyst development has been seen in those cycles using spermatozoa of men older than 55. However, no significant relationship between paternal age and IVF or ICSI pregnancy rates has been observed. Although there are no treatments that can fully restore the age-related decline in male fertility, various measures have been shown to optimize male fertility potential. Specific therapies (e.g. varicocelectomy) and lifestyle changes (e.g. dietary antioxidant supplements) may help minimize some of the age-related deleterious effects on spermatogenesis, such as, oxidative stress and endocrine abnormalities.
authors.affiliation: Eylau/Unilabs Laboratory, Reproductive Biology Unit, 55 Rue Saint Didier, 75016 Paris, France. Electronic address: Stephanie.belloc75@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Belloc
authors.affiliation: Eylau/Unilabs Laboratory, Reproductive Biology Unit, 55 Rue Saint Didier, 75016 Paris, France. Electronic address: hazout.andre@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Andre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hazout
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, McGill University, St. Mary's Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1M5 Canada. Electronic address: ziniarmand@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Armand
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zini
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medicine & Medical, Cytogenetics Department, Regional University Hospital & School of Medicine, Picardie University Jules Verne, CGO, 124 Rue Camille Desmoulins, 80054 Amiens, France. Electronic address: Merviel.Philippe@chu-Amiens.fr.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Merviel
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medicine & Medical, Cytogenetics Department, Regional University Hospital & School of Medicine, Picardie University Jules Verne, CGO, 124 Rue Camille Desmoulins, 80054 Amiens, France. Electronic address: rosalie.Cabry@chu-Amiens.fr.
authors.forename: Rosalie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cabry
authors.affiliation: Andrology Unit, ForteBio Laboratory, 16 Rue Fusilllés, 40100 Dax, France. Electronic address: Hikmat.Chahine@unilabs.com.
authors.forename: Hikmat
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chahine
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medicine & Medical, Cytogenetics Department, Regional University Hospital & School of Medicine, Picardie University Jules Verne, CGO, 124 Rue Camille Desmoulins, 80054 Amiens, France. Electronic address: copin.Henri@chu-Amiens.fr.
authors.forename: Henri
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Copin
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medicine & Medical, Cytogenetics Department, Regional University Hospital & School of Medicine, Picardie University Jules Verne, CGO, 124 Rue Camille Desmoulins, 80054 Amiens, France. Electronic address: Benkhalifamoncef78@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Moncef
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Benkhalifa
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005298:Fertility; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D010331:Paternal Age; D027724:Reproductive Techniques, Assisted; D013091:Spermatogenesis; D013094:Spermatozoa; D014646:Varicocele / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants
keywords: Diagnosis and treatment; Fertility disorders; Paternal age; Sperm parameters