title: Macrophage migration inhibitory factor in myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury.
abstract: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains one of the leading causes of death in the developed world. There is emerging evidence that the cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a crucial player in AMI. Cardioprotection by MIF is likely to be a multifactorial phenomenon mediated by receptor-mediated signalling processes, intracellular protein-protein interactions, and enzymatic redox regulation. Co-ordinating several pathways in the ischaemic heart, MIF contributes to receptor-mediated regulation of cardioprotective AMP-activated protein kinase signalling, inhibition of pro-apoptotic cascades, and the reduction of oxidative stress in the post-ischaemic heart. Moreover, the cardioprotective properties of MIF are modulated by S-nitros(yl)ation. These effects in the pathophysiology of myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury qualify MIF as a promising therapeutic target in the future. We here summarize the findings of experimental and clinical studies and emphasize the therapeutic potential of MIF in AMI.
authors.affiliation: Medical Faculty, Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, Düsseldorf D-40225, Germany.
authors.forename: Tienush
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rassaf
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bernhagen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D006801:Humans; D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors
keywords: Cardioprotection; Macrophage migration inhibitory factor; Myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury