title: Allergenic properties and differential response of walnut subjected to processing treatments.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate changes in walnut allergenicity after processing treatments by in vitro techniques and physiologically relevant assays. The allergenicity of walnuts subjected to high hydrostatic pressure and thermal/pressure treatments was evaluated by IgE-immunoblot and antibodies against walnut major allergen Jug r 4. The ability of processed walnut to cross-link IgE on effector cells was evaluated using a rat basophil leukaemia cell line and by skin prick testing. Susceptibility to gastric and duodenal digestion was also evaluated. The results showed that walnuts subjected to pressure treatment at 256 kPa, 138 °C, were able to diminish the IgE cross-linking capacity on effector cells more efficiently than high pressure treated walnuts. IgE immunoblot confirmed these results. Moreover, higher susceptibility to digestion of pressure treated walnut proteins was observed. The use of processed walnuts with decreased IgE binding capacity could be a potential strategy for walnut tolerance induction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University of Bonn Medical Center, Sigmund-Freud-Str., 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Servicio de Alergia, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Avenida de Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: Beatriz.Cabanillas@ukb.uni-bonn.de.
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cabanillas
authors.affiliation: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, 1100 Robert E. Lee Boulevard, New Orleans, LA, USA.
authors.forename: Soheila J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Maleki
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Alergia, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Avenida de Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, 1100 Robert E. Lee Boulevard, New Orleans, LA, USA.
authors.forename: Hsiaopo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: University of California, School of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Genome and Biomedical Sciences Facility 451 E. Health Sciences Drive, Suite 6510, Davis, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Suzanne S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Teuber
authors.affiliation: University of California, School of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Genome and Biomedical Sciences Facility 451 E. Health Sciences Drive, Suite 6510, Davis, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Mikhael L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Wallowitz
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, SGIT-INIA, Ctra. de La Coruña km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Mercedes
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muzquiz
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, SGIT-INIA, Ctra. de La Coruña km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Mercedes M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Pedrosa
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Rosario
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Linacero
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, SGIT-INIA, Ctra. de La Coruña km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Burbano
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University of Bonn Medical Center, Sigmund-Freud-Str., 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Natalija
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Novak
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, SGIT-INIA, Ctra. de La Coruña km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cuadrado
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Alergia, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Avenida de Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Jesús F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Crespo
mesh_terms: D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology*; D052179:Antigens, Plant / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000276:immunology; D031324:Juglans / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D052179:Antigens, Plant; C515172:Jug r 4 allergen; D010940:Plant Proteins; D007073:Immunoglobulin E
keywords: High pressure; Processing; Thermal treatments; Tree nut allergy; Walnut allergy