title: Dosimetric and cost comparison of first fraction imaging versus fractional re-imaging on critical organ dose in vaginal cuff brachytherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Vaginal cylinder high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy is currently one of the most common procedures performed in the treatment of early-stage endometrial cancer. However, current recommendations by the American Brachytherapy Society regarding fractional re-imaging and dose calculation for organs at risk for HDR vaginal cuff brachytherapy are not well defined. In this study, we aim to compare a fractional re-imaging approach using computed tomographic (CT) scans prior to each fraction with a first fraction imaging-only approach with respect to bladder, rectal, and bowel dosimetry.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nineteen endometrial cancer patients undergoing vaginal cuff brachytherapy for endometrial cancer were imaged with CT scanning prior to every HDR fraction (fractional re-imaging [FRI]). Dose to the bowel, bladder, and rectum were calculated and compared with the estimated dose if imaging and planning were done only on the first fraction (first fraction imaging [FFI]).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the analysis of FFI versus FRI, we observed mean bladder doses of 8.34 Gy vs 8.33 Gy (P = .98), mean rectal doses of 12.19 Gy versus 12.14 Gy (P = .81), and mean bowel doses of 2.82 Gy versus 2.76 Gy (P = .81). The FFI approach underestimated the FRI doses to the bladder, rectum, and bowel by 20% or more in 11%, 5%, and 29% of patients, respectively. Cost analysis revealed an estimated $663.06, or a 35% savings per patient treated with FFI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is no statistically significant difference in the mean dose to the bladder, rectum, or bowel in patients undergoing HDR vaginal cuff brachytherapy with a first fraction imaging scheme versus a fractional re-imaging scheme. These results indicate that fractional re-imaging is not necessary except in patients whose estimated dose to critical organs is near the maximum limit.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Christopher D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Corso
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Christie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jarrio
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Edwin W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Nunnery
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Arif N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Sharam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghavidel
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia. Electronic address: roberto.diaz@emory.edu.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Diaz