title: Genome-wide interaction study of smoking and bladder cancer risk.
abstract: Bladder cancer is a complex disease with known environmental and genetic risk factors. We performed a genome-wide interaction study (GWAS) of smoking and bladder cancer risk based on primary scan data from 3002 cases and 4411 controls from the National Cancer Institute Bladder Cancer GWAS. Alternative methods were used to evaluate both additive and multiplicative interactions between individual single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and smoking exposure. SNPs with interaction P values < 5 × 10(-) (5) were evaluated further in an independent dataset of 2422 bladder cancer cases and 5751 controls. We identified 10 SNPs that showed association in a consistent manner with the initial dataset and in the combined dataset, providing evidence of interaction with tobacco use. Further, two of these novel SNPs showed strong evidence of association with bladder cancer in tobacco use subgroups that approached genome-wide significance. Specifically, rs1711973 (FOXF2) on 6p25.3 was a susceptibility SNP for never smokers [combined odds ratio (OR) = 1.34, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.20-1.50, P value = 5.18 × 10(-) (7)]; and rs12216499 (RSPH3-TAGAP-EZR) on 6q25.3 was a susceptibility SNP for ever smokers (combined OR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.67-0.84, P value = 6.35 × 10(-) (7)). In our analysis of smoking and bladder cancer, the tests for multiplicative interaction seemed to more commonly identify susceptibility loci with associations in never smokers, whereas the additive interaction analysis identified more loci with associations among smokers-including the known smoking and NAT2 acetylation interaction. Our findings provide additional evidence of gene-environment interactions for tobacco and bladder cancer.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA, Institute for Cancer Research, London, UK, Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain, Municipal Institute of Medical Research, Barcelona, Spain, CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain, National School of Public Health, Athens, Greece, Maine Cancer Registry, Augusta, ME, USA, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain, Vermont Cancer Registry, Burlington, VT, USA, Center for Genomics Research, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA, Information Management Services, Inc., Rockville, MD, USA, Imperial College London, London, UK, Department of Preventive Medicine and Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA, Department of Urology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France, Centre de Recherche sur les Pathologies Prostatiques, Paris, France, Institut national de la sante et de la recherche medicale, U946, Foundation Jean Dausset Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Paris, France, Centre National de la Receherche Scientifique, UMR8200, Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Biltho
authors.forename: Jonine D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Figueroa
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA, Institute for Cancer Research, London, UK, Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain, Municipal Institute of Medical Research, Barcelona, Spain, CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain, National School of Public Health, Athens, Greece, Maine Cancer Registry, Augusta, ME, USA, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain, Vermont Cancer Registry, Burlington, VT, USA, Center for Genomics Research, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA, Information Management Services, Inc., Rockville, MD, USA, Imperial College London, London, UK, Department of Preventive Medicine and Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA, Department of Urology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France, Centre de Recherche sur les Pathologies Prostatiques, Paris, France, Institut national de la sante et de la recherche medicale, U946, Foundation Jean Dausset Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Paris, France, Centre National de la Receherche Scientifique, UMR8200, Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Biltho
authors.forename: Summer S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Institute for Cancer Research, London, UK.
authors.forename: Montserrat
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authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA, Institute for Cancer Research, London, UK, Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain, Municipal Institute of Medical Research, Barcelona, Spain, CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain, National School of Public Health, Athens, Greece, Maine Cancer Registry, Augusta, ME, USA, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain, Vermont Cancer Registry, Burlington, VT, USA, Center for Genomics Research, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA, Information Management Services, Inc., Rockville, MD, USA, Imperial College London, London, UK, Department of Preventive Medicine and Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA, Department of Urology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France, Centre de Recherche sur les Pathologies Prostatiques, Paris, France, Institut national de la sante et de la recherche medicale, U946, Foundation Jean Dausset Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Paris, France, Centre National de la Receherche Scientifique, UMR8200, Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Biltho
authors.forename: Dalsu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Baris
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
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authors.affiliation: Maine Cancer Registry, Augusta, ME, USA.
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authors.affiliation: Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Nuria
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authors.affiliation: Vermont Cancer Registry, Burlington, VT, USA.
authors.forename: Alison
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authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA, Institute for Cancer Research, London, UK, Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain, Municipal Institute of Medical Research, Barcelona, Spain, CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain, National School of Public Health, Athens, Greece, Maine Cancer Registry, Augusta, ME, USA, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain, Vermont Cancer Registry, Burlington, VT, USA, Center for Genomics Research, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA, Information Management Services, Inc., Rockville, MD, USA, Imperial College London, London, UK, Department of Preventive Medicine and Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA, Department of Urology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France, Centre de Recherche sur les Pathologies Prostatiques, Paris, France, Institut national de la sante et de la recherche medicale, U946, Foundation Jean Dausset Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Paris, France, Centre National de la Receherche Scientifique, UMR8200, Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Biltho
authors.forename: Mark P
authors.initials: MP
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authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA, Institute for Cancer Research, London, UK, Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain, Municipal Institute of Medical Research, Barcelona, Spain, CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain, National School of Public Health, Athens, Greece, Maine Cancer Registry, Augusta, ME, USA, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain, Vermont Cancer Registry, Burlington, VT, USA, Center for Genomics Research, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA, Information Management Services, Inc., Rockville, MD, USA, Imperial College London, London, UK, Department of Preventive Medicine and Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA, Department of Urology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France, Centre de Recherche sur les Pathologies Prostatiques, Paris, France, Institut national de la sante et de la recherche medicale, U946, Foundation Jean Dausset Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Paris, France, Centre National de la Receherche Scientifique, UMR8200, Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Biltho
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Caporaso
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA, Institute for Cancer Research, London, UK, Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain, Municipal Institute of Medical Research, Barcelona, Spain, CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain, National School of Public Health, Athens, Greece, Maine Cancer Registry, Augusta, ME, USA, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain, Vermont Cancer Registry, Burlington, VT, USA, Center for Genomics Research, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA, Information Management Services, Inc., Rockville, MD, USA, Imperial College London, London, UK, Department of Preventive Medicine and Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA, Department of Urology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France, Centre de Recherche sur les Pathologies Prostatiques, Paris, France, Institut national de la sante et de la recherche medicale, U946, Foundation Jean Dausset Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Paris, France, Centre National de la Receherche Scientifique, UMR8200, Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Biltho
authors.forename: Maria Teresa
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Landi
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA, Institute for Cancer Research, London, UK, Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain, Municipal Institute of Medical Research, Barcelona, Spain, CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain, National School of Public Health, Athens, Greece, Maine Cancer Registry, Augusta, ME, USA, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain, Vermont Cancer Registry, Burlington, VT, USA, Center for Genomics Research, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA, Information Management Services, Inc., Rockville, MD, USA, Imperial College London, London, UK, Department of Preventive Medicine and Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA, Department of Urology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France, Centre de Recherche sur les Pathologies Prostatiques, Paris, France, Institut national de la sante et de la recherche medicale, U946, Foundation Jean Dausset Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Paris, France, Centre National de la Receherche Scientifique, UMR8200, Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Biltho
authors.forename: Ludmila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Prokunina-Olsson
authors.affiliation: Center for Genomics Research, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Zhaoming
authors.initials: Z
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authors.affiliation: Center for Genomics Research, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA.
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authors.affiliation: Center for Genomics Research, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA.
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authors.affiliation: Information Management Services, Inc., Rockville, MD, USA.
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authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wheeler
authors.affiliation: Imperial College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Paolo
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authors.affiliation: Imperial College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Afshan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Siddiq
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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authors.affiliation: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA.
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authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France, Centre de Recherche sur les Pathologies Prostatiques, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Cussenot
authors.affiliation: Institut national de la sante et de la recherche medicale, U946, Foundation Jean Dausset Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Paris, France, Centre National de la Receherche Scientifique, UMR8200, Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France.
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Benhamou
authors.affiliation: Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Prescott
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
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authors.lastname: Porru
authors.affiliation: Imperial College London, London, UK, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: H Bas
authors.initials: HB
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authors.forename: Dimitrios
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authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Börje
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authors.affiliation: Imperial College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Elio
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authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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authors.lastname: Conti
authors.affiliation: Genomic Medicine Group, Galician Foundation of Genomic Medicine, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Servicio Galego de Saude (SERGAS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: Manuela
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authors.initials: MC
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authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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authors.affiliation: UPMC Univ Paris 06, GRC n°5,ONCOTYPE-URO, Paris, France.
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authors.affiliation: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA.
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authors.affiliation: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA.
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authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France, Centre de Recherche sur les Pathologies Prostatiques, Paris, France, UPMC Univ Paris 06, GRC n°5,ONCOTYPE-URO, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Geraldine
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authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France, Centre de Recherche sur les Pathologies Prostatiques, Paris, France, UPMC Univ Paris 06, GRC n°5,ONCOTYPE-URO, Paris, France.
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authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France, Centre de Recherche sur les Pathologies Prostatiques, Paris, France, UPMC Univ Paris 06, GRC n°5,ONCOTYPE-URO, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Eva
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authors.affiliation: Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Immaculata
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authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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authors.affiliation: Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
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authors.affiliation: Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA, Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Peter
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authors.affiliation: Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carta
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy;
authors.forename: Sofia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pavanello
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: Cecilia
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authors.affiliation: Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
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authors.affiliation: New Hampshire Department of Health and Human Services, Concord, NH, USA and.
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authors.initials: MR
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authors.affiliation: New Hampshire Department of Health and Human Services, Concord, NH, USA and.
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
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authors.affiliation: New Hampshire Department of Health and Human Services, Concord, NH, USA and.
authors.forename: Karla R
authors.initials: KR
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authors.affiliation: New Hampshire Department of Health and Human Services, Concord, NH, USA and.
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authors.affiliation: Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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authors.initials: CA
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authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA, Institute for Cancer Research, London, UK, Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain, Municipal Institute of Medical Research, Barcelona, Spain, CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain, National School of Public Health, Athens, Greece, Maine Cancer Registry, Augusta, ME, USA, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain, Vermont Cancer Registry, Burlington, VT, USA, Center for Genomics Research, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA, Information Management Services, Inc., Rockville, MD, USA, Imperial College London, London, UK, Department of Preventive Medicine and Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA, Department of Urology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France, Centre de Recherche sur les Pathologies Prostatiques, Paris, France, Institut national de la sante et de la recherche medicale, U946, Foundation Jean Dausset Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Paris, France, Centre National de la Receherche Scientifique, UMR8200, Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Biltho
authors.forename: Joseph F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Fraumeni
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA, Institute for Cancer Research, London, UK, Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain, Municipal Institute of Medical Research, Barcelona, Spain, CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain, National School of Public Health, Athens, Greece, Maine Cancer Registry, Augusta, ME, USA, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain, Vermont Cancer Registry, Burlington, VT, USA, Center for Genomics Research, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA, Information Management Services, Inc., Rockville, MD, USA, Imperial College London, London, UK, Department of Preventive Medicine and Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA, Department of Urology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France, Centre de Recherche sur les Pathologies Prostatiques, Paris, France, Institut national de la sante et de la recherche medicale, U946, Foundation Jean Dausset Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Paris, France, Centre National de la Receherche Scientifique, UMR8200, Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Biltho
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Chanock
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA, Institute for Cancer Research, London, UK, Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain, Municipal Institute of Medical Research, Barcelona, Spain, CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain, National School of Public Health, Athens, Greece, Maine Cancer Registry, Augusta, ME, USA, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain, Vermont Cancer Registry, Burlington, VT, USA, Center for Genomics Research, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA, Information Management Services, Inc., Rockville, MD, USA, Imperial College London, London, UK, Department of Preventive Medicine and Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA, Department of Urology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France, Centre de Recherche sur les Pathologies Prostatiques, Paris, France, Institut national de la sante et de la recherche medicale, U946, Foundation Jean Dausset Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Paris, France, Centre National de la Receherche Scientifique, UMR8200, Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Biltho
authors.forename: Nilanjan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chatterjee
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA, Institute for Cancer Research, London, UK, Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain, Municipal Institute of Medical Research, Barcelona, Spain, CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain, National School of Public Health, Athens, Greece, Maine Cancer Registry, Augusta, ME, USA, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain, Vermont Cancer Registry, Burlington, VT, USA, Center for Genomics Research, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA, Information Management Services, Inc., Rockville, MD, USA, Imperial College London, London, UK, Department of Preventive Medicine and Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA, Department of Urology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France, Centre de Recherche sur les Pathologies Prostatiques, Paris, France, Institut national de la sante et de la recherche medicale, U946, Foundation Jean Dausset Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Paris, France, Centre National de la Receherche Scientifique, UMR8200, Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Biltho
authors.forename: Nathaniel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rothman
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA, Institute for Cancer Research, London, UK, Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain, Municipal Institute of Medical Research, Barcelona, Spain, CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain, National School of Public Health, Athens, Greece, Maine Cancer Registry, Augusta, ME, USA, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain, Vermont Cancer Registry, Burlington, VT, USA, Center for Genomics Research, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA, Information Management Services, Inc., Rockville, MD, USA, Imperial College London, London, UK, Department of Preventive Medicine and Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA, Department of Urology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France, Centre de Recherche sur les Pathologies Prostatiques, Paris, France, Institut national de la sante et de la recherche medicale, U946, Foundation Jean Dausset Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Paris, France, Centre National de la Receherche Scientifique, UMR8200, Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Biltho
authors.forename: Debra T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Silverman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D015894:Genome, Human; D006801:Humans; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor