title: The expression of programmed death-1 in circulating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells during hepatitis B virus infection progression and its correlation with clinical baseline characteristics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Programmed death-1 (PD-1) expression was investigated in CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells from hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected patients at the chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection, liver cirrhosis (LC), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) stages.
  
  
  METHODS
  PD-1 expression in circulating CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells was detected by flow cytometry. The correlations between PD-1 expression and HBV viral load, alanine aminotransaminase (ALT) levels and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were analyzed using GraphPad Prism 5.0.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PD-1 expression in CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells was significantly increased in both the CHB group and advanced-stage group (LC plus HCC). In the CHB group, PD-1 expression in both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells was positively correlated with the HBV viral load, ALT, and AST levels. However, in the LC plus HCC group, significant correlations between PD-1 expression and the clinical parameters were nearly absent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PD-1 expression in peripheral CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells is dynamic, changes with HBV infection progression, and is related to HBV viral load and liver function, especially in CHB. PD-1 expression could be utilized as a potential clinical indicator to determine the extent of virus replication and liver injury.
authors.affiliation: The Affiliated Infectious Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China. ; Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Suzhou City, Suzhou, China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Suzhou City, Suzhou, China. ; Medical Biotechnology Institute, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yong-Jing
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: The Affiliated Infectious Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China. ; Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Suzhou City, Suzhou, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: The Affiliated Infectious Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China. ; Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Suzhou City, Suzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Yan
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Medical Biotechnology Institute, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China. ; School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
authors.forename: Hua-Feng
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Medical Biotechnology Institute, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China. ; School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
authors.forename: Li-Juan
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Medical Biotechnology Institute, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China. ; School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xue-Feng
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis; D008113:Liver Neoplasms; D008297:Male; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor / Q000378:metabolism*; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: C105992:PDCD1 protein, human; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor
keywords: Carcinoma, hepatocellular; Hepatitis B virus; Hepatitis B, chronic; Liver cirrhosis; Programmed death-1