title: Management of everyday work in Emergency Departments - an exploratory study with Swedish Managers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Through their formal mandate, position and authority, managers are responsible for managing everyday work in Emergency Departments (EDs) as well as striving for excellence and dealing with the individual needs of practitioners and patients. The aim of the present study is to explore managers' experiences of managing everyday work in Swedish EDs.
  
  
  METHODS
  A qualitative and exploratory design has been used in this study. Seven managers were interviewed at two EDs. Data was analysed using qualitative content analysis with focus on latent content.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Managers experience everyday work in the ED as lifesaving work. One of the characteristics of their approach to everyday work is their capability for rapidly identifying patients with life-threatening conditions and for treating them accordingly. The practitioners are on stand-by in order to deal with unexpected situations. This implies having to spend time waiting for the physicians' decisions. Management is characterised by a command and control approach. The managers experience difficulties in meeting the expectations of their staff. They strive to be proactive but instead they become reactive since the prevailing medical, bureaucratic and production-orientated systems constrain them.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The managers demonstrate full compliance with the organisational systems. This threatens to reduce their freedom of action and influences the way they perform their managerial duties within and outside the EDs.
authors.affiliation: University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Göteborg, Sweden; University of Borås, School of Health Sciences, Borås, Sweden. Electronic address: henrik.andersson@hb.se.
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.affiliation: University of Borås, School of Health Sciences, Borås, Sweden.
authors.forename: Birgitta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wireklint Sundström
authors.affiliation: University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.affiliation: University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jakobsson Ung
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009745:Nursing, Supervisory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D036301:Qualitative Research; D013548:Sweden; D000078329:Workforce; D016526:Workload / Q000191:economics / Q000523:psychology
keywords: Emergency Department; Emergency healthcare; Everyday work; Management; Qualitative content analysis