title: Dietary germanium biotite supplementation enhances the induction of antibody responses to foot-and-mouth disease virus vaccine in pigs.
abstract: We evaluated the potential ability of germanium biotite (GB) to stimulate the production of antibodies specific for foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). To this aim, we measured the total FMDV-specific antibody responses and IgM production after vaccination against FMD both experimentally and in the field. GB supplementation with FMDV vaccination stimulated the production of anti-FMDV antibodies, and effectively increased IFN-γ and TNF-α levels. These results suggest that GB may be a novel alternative feed supplement that can serve as a boosting agent and an immunostimulator for increasing the efficacy of FMDV vaccination in pigs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.
authors.forename: Jin-A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Bock-Gie
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Myunghwan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Tae-Hoon
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Han Sang
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: Bong-Joo
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000538:Aluminum Silicates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000276:immunology*; D000917:Antibody Formation / Q000187:drug effects; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005296:Ferrous Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005536:Foot-and-Mouth Disease / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D029544:Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus / Q000276:immunology; D005857:Germanium / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D005296:Ferrous Compounds; D005857:Germanium; C047410:biotite
keywords: adjuvant-like effect; foot-and-mouth disease virus; germanium biotite