title: Neurotoxic effects of indocyanine green -cerebellar granule cell culture viability study.
abstract: The aim of this study was to examine neurotoxicity indocyanine green (ICG). We assessed viability of primary cerebellar granule cell culture (CGC) exposed to ICG to test two mechanisms that could be the first triggers causing neuronal toxicity: imbalance in calcium homeostasis and the degree of oligomerization of ICG molecules. We have observed this imbalance in CGC after exposure to 75-125μΜ ICG and dose and application sequence dependent protective effect of Gadovist on surviving neurons in vitro when used with ICG. Spectroscopic studies suggest the major cause of toxicity of the ICG is connected with oligomers formation. ICG at concentration of 25 μM (which is about 4 times higher than the highest concentration of ICG in the brain applied in in-vivo human studies) is not neurotoxic in the cell culture.
authors.affiliation: Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, 4 Trojdena Str. 02-109 Warsaw, Poland ; Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5A Pawinskiego Str., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Beata
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Toczylowska
authors.affiliation: Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Str., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Elzbieta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zieminska
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5A Pawinskiego Str., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Grazyna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Goch
authors.affiliation: Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, 4 Trojdena Str. 02-109 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Milej
authors.affiliation: Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, 4 Trojdena Str. 02-109 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gerega
authors.affiliation: Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, 4 Trojdena Str. 02-109 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Liebert
keywords: (170.0170) Medical optics and biotechnology; (170.1530) Cell analysis; (170.1610) Clinical applications; (170.6280) Spectroscopy, fluorescence and luminescence