title: Alleviation of lead toxicity by 5-aminolevulinic acid is related to elevated growth, photosynthesis, and suppressed ultrastructural damages in oilseed rape.
abstract: Lead (Pb) is a widely spread pollutant and leads to diverse morphological and structural changes in the plants. In this study, alleviating role of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) was investigated with or without foliar application of ALA (25 mg L(-1)) in hydroponic environment under different Pb levels (0, 100, and 400 µM). Outcomes stated that plant morphology and photosynthetic attributes were reduced under the application of Pb alone. However, ALA application significantly increased the plant growth and photosynthetic parameters under Pb toxicity. Moreover, ALA also lowered the Pb concentration in shoots and roots under Pb toxicity. The microscopic studies depicted that exogenously applied ALA ameliorated the Pb stress and significantly improved the cell ultrastructures. After application of ALA under Pb stress, mesophyll cell had well-developed nucleus and chloroplast having a number of starch granules. Moreover, micrographs illustrated that root tip cell contained well-developed nucleus, a number of mitochondria, and golgi bodies. These results proposed that under 15-day Pb-induced stress, ALA improved the plant growth, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic parameters, and ultrastructural modifications in leaf mesophyll and root tip cells of the B. napus plants.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Tian
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Basharat
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5965-7352
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Crop Production Bureau, Zhejiang Provincial Department of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310020, China.
authors.forename: Yebo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Zaffar
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-4343-3733
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Malik
authors.affiliation: Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Rafaqat A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Shafaqat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Weijun
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1471-9644
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental / Q000187:drug effects; D029741:Brassica rapa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000378:metabolism; D018527:Hydroponics; D007854:Lead / Q000633:toxicity*; D058503:Mesophyll Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010788:Photosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D036226:Seedlings / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D002734:Chlorophyll; D007854:Lead; D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid