title: Effect of moisture, saliva, and blood contamination on the shear bond strength of brackets bonded with a conventional bonding system and self-etched bonding system.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The success of bonding brackets to enamel with resin bonding systems is negatively affected by contamination with oral fluids such as blood and saliva. The new self-etch primer systems combine conditioning and priming agents into a single application, making the procedure more cost effective.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of moisture, saliva and blood contamination on shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded with conventional bonding system and self-etch bonding system.
  
  
  METHODS
  Each system was examined under four enamel surface conditions (dry, water, saliva, and blood), and 80 human teeth were divided into two groups with four subgroups each of 10 according to enamel surface condition. Group 1 used conventional bonding system and Group 2 used self-etched bonding system. Subgroups 1a and 2a under dry enamel surface conditions; Subgroups 1b and 2b under moist enamel surface condition; Subgroups 3a and 3b under saliva enamel surface condition and Subgroup 4a and 4b under blood enamel surface condition. Brackets were bonded, and all the samples were then submitted to a shear bond test with a universal testing machine with a cross head speed of 1mm/sec.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that the contamination reduced the shear bond strength of all groups. In self-etch bonding system water and saliva had significantly higher bond strength when compared to other groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It was concluded that the blood contamination showed lowest bond strength from both bonding systems. Self-etch bonding system resulted in higher bond strength than conventional bonding system under all conditions except the dry enamel surface.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Narayana Dental College and Hospital, Chinthareddypalem, Nellore - 524 003, India.
authors.forename: Mandava
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Narayana Dental College and Hospital, Chinthareddypalem, Nellore - 524 003, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Shamil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mohamed
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, ABSM Institute of Dental Sciences, Deralakatte, Mangalore - 576 119, India.
authors.forename: Krishna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nayak
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, KVG Dental College, Sullia, India.
authors.forename: Sharath Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Shetty
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Narayana Dental College and Hospital, Chinthareddypalem, Nellore - 524 003, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Ashok Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Talapaneni
keywords: Blood contamination; self-etching bonding system; shear bond strength