title: Normative and mean carotid intima-media thickness values according to metabolic syndrome in Koreans: the Namwon study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We determined the gender- and age-specific normative values of carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in a healthy Korean population. We also present the mean age-specific carotid IMT values according to the presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and the number of MetS components.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 9374 subjects from the Namwon Study aged 45-74 years were included in the analysis. Subjects without hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity, and current smoking were classified as the healthy reference population (n = 2595). MetS was identified by the presence of three or more of the following five components: abdominal obesity, high triglycerides, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high blood pressure, and high fasting blood glucose. Common carotid artery IMT (CCA-IMT) and carotid bulb IMT values were determined in a region free of plaque by B-mode carotid ultrasonography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean normative CCA-IMT values of 45-49, 50-54, 55-59, 60-64, 65-69, and 70-74 year old males were 0.614, 0.671, 0.711, 0.759, 0.783, and 0.787 mm and 0.613, 0.653, 0.689, 0.718, 0.753, and 0.778 mm for females, respectively. An increase in CCA-IMT of 0.007 mm/year was estimated in both genders. The mean CCA-IMT values of subjects with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 MetS components were 0.744, 0.753, 0.765, 0.766, 0.771, and 0.798 mm for males and 0.688, 0.705, 0.724, 0.734, 0.757, and 0.762 mm for females, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The gender-specific normative carotid IMT values were determined in a large healthy Korean population. An increasing trend in the CCA-IMT values was observed with an increasing number of MetS components in both genders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine & Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University College of Medicine, Iksan, South Korea; Regional Cardiocerebrovascular Center, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Hoon
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Min-Ho
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea; Jeonnam Regional Cancer Center, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sun-Seog
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Kweon
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hae-Sung
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Seonam University College of Medicine, Namwon, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kyeong-Soo
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jin-Su
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Chosun University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Seong-Woo
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Seonam University College of Medicine, Namwon, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hye-Yeon
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine & Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University College of Medicine, Iksan, South Korea; Regional Cardiocerebrovascular Center, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Gyung-Jae
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hye-Ran
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Suk
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology & Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea. Electronic address: jeongsk@jbnu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Seul-Ki
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Jeong
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000473:pathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012016:Reference Values; D012737:Sex Factors
keywords: Atherosclerosis; Carotid intima-media thickness; Metabolic syndrome; Reference values