title: Management of gastric variceal bleeding: Role of endoscopy and endoscopic ultrasound.
abstract: Gastric varices (GVs) are notorious to bleed massively and often difficult to manage with conventional techniques. This mini-review addresses endoscopic management principles for gastric variceal bleeding, including limitations of ligation and sclerotherapy and merits of endoscopic variceal obliteration. The article also discusses how emerging use of endoscopic ultrasound provides optimism of better diagnosis, improved classification, innovative management strategies and confirmatory tool for eradication of GVs.
authors.affiliation: Mohit Girotra, Rayburn F Rego, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), Little Rock, AR 72202, United States.
authors.forename: Mohit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Girotra
authors.affiliation: Mohit Girotra, Rayburn F Rego, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), Little Rock, AR 72202, United States.
authors.forename: Saikiran
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Raghavapuram
authors.affiliation: Mohit Girotra, Rayburn F Rego, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), Little Rock, AR 72202, United States.
authors.forename: Rtika R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Abraham
authors.affiliation: Mohit Girotra, Rayburn F Rego, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), Little Rock, AR 72202, United States.
authors.forename: Mrinal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pahwa
authors.affiliation: Mohit Girotra, Rayburn F Rego, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), Little Rock, AR 72202, United States.
authors.forename: Archna R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Pahwa
authors.affiliation: Mohit Girotra, Rayburn F Rego, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), Little Rock, AR 72202, United States.
authors.forename: Rayburn F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Rego
keywords: Balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration; Endoscopic ultrasound; Endoscopic variceal obliteration; Endoscopy; Gastric; Ligation; Management; Sclerotherapy; Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt; Varices