title: Short- and long-term cure rates of short-duration trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole treatment in female dogs with uncomplicated bacterial cystitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Long-duration beta-lactam antibiotics are used for empirical treatment in female dogs with uncomplicated bacterial cystitis. However, women with bacterial cystitis are treated with short-duration potentiated sulfonamides because longer courses of beta-lactams result in lower cure and higher recurrence rates.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Short-duration potentiated sulfonamide treatment is more efficacious than long-duration beta-lactam treatment in achieving clinical and microbiological cures in female dogs with uncomplicated bacterial cystitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-eight client-owned female dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Dogs were treated with TMP-SMX (15 mg/kg PO q12h for 3 days followed by a placebo capsule PO q12h for 7 days; Group SDS; n = 20) or cephalexin (20 mg/kg PO q12h for 10 days; Group LDBL; n = 18). Dogs were monitored for clinical and microbiological cure during treatment and at short- and long-term follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No statistically significant differences were found between treatment groups in clinical cure rates after 3 days of treatment (89% SDS, 94% LDBL; P = 1.00) and 4 days (85% SDS, 72% LDBL; P = .44) or >30 days (50% SDS, 65% LDBL; P = .50) after conclusion of treatment or in microbiological cure rates 4 days (59% SDS, 36% LDBL; P = .44) or >30 days (44% SDS, 20% LDBL; P = .40) after conclusion of treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We did not identify a difference in cure rates between short-duration sulfonamide and long-duration beta-lactam treatments in female dogs with uncomplicated cystitis. Long-term cure rates in both treatment groups were low. In some female dogs, "uncomplicated" bacterial cystitis may be more complicated than previously recognized.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Clare
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Hartmann
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jooss
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bachar
authors.forename: Y Y
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Trepanier
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Viviano
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000892:Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003556:Cystitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D004285:Dogs; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D012008:Recurrence; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000892:Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination
keywords: Beta-lactam; Cephalexin; Lower urinary tract infection; Sulfonamide