title: Palliative and end-of-life care in stroke: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this statement is to delineate basic expectations regarding primary palliative care competencies and skills to be considered, learned, and practiced by providers and healthcare services across hospitals and community settings when caring for patients and families with stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  Members of the writing group were appointed by the American Heart Association Stroke Council's Scientific Statement Oversight Committee and the American Heart Association's Manuscript Oversight Committee. Members were chosen to reflect the diversity and expertise of professional roles in delivering optimal palliative care. Writing group members were assigned topics relevant to their areas of expertise, reviewed the appropriate literature, and drafted manuscript content and recommendations in accordance with the American Heart Association's framework for defining classes and level of evidence and recommendations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The palliative care needs of patients with serious or life-threatening stroke and their families are enormous: complex decision making, aligning treatment with goals, and symptom control. Primary palliative care should be available to all patients with serious or life-threatening stroke and their families throughout the entire course of illness. To optimally deliver primary palliative care, stroke systems of care and provider teams should (1) promote and practice patient- and family-centered care; (2) effectively estimate prognosis; (3) develop appropriate goals of care; (4) be familiar with the evidence for common stroke decisions with end-of-life implications; (5) assess and effectively manage emerging stroke symptoms; (6) possess experience with palliative treatments at the end of life; (7) assist with care coordination, including referral to a palliative care specialist or hospice if necessary; (8) provide the patient and family the opportunity for personal growth and make bereavement resources available if death is anticipated; and (9) actively participate in continuous quality improvement and research.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Addressing the palliative care needs of patients and families throughout the course of illness can complement existing practices and improve the quality of life of stroke patients, their families, and their care providers. There is an urgent need for further research in this area.
authors.forename: Robert G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Holloway
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.forename: Claire J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Creutzfeldt
authors.forename: Eldrin F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Barbara J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Lutz
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: McCann
authors.forename: Alejandro A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Rabinstein
authors.forename: Gustavo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Saposnik
authors.forename: Kevin N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Sheth
authors.forename: Darin B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Zahuranec
authors.forename: Gregory J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Zipfel
authors.forename: Richard D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Zorowitz
mesh_terms: D000572:American Heart Association; D003657:Decision Making; D022143:Family Nursing / Q000379:methods / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards; D006282:Health Personnel; D006801:Humans; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000379:methods* / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000592:standards*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D020521:Stroke / Q000628:therapy*; D014481:United States
keywords: AHA Scientific Statements; end of life care; hospice care; palliative care; prognosis; stroke