title: Soft tissue cephalometric analysis applied to regional Indian population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Importance of soft tissue consideration in establishing treatment goals for orthodontics and orthognathic surgery has been recognized and various cephalometric analysis incorporating soft tissue parameters have evolved. The great variance in soft tissue drape of the human face and perception of esthetics exists and normative data based on one population group cannot be applied to all. The study was conducted to compare the standard soft tissue cephalometric analysis (STCA) norms with norms derived for population of western Uttar Pradesh region of India.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample consisted of lateral cephalograms taken in natural head position of 33 normal subjects (16 males, 17 females). The cephalograms were analyzed with soft tissue cephalometric analysis for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning, and the Student's t test was used to compare the difference in means between study population and standard STCA norms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with established STCA norms, females in our study had steeper maxillary occlusal plane, more proclined mandibular incisors, and less protrusive lips. Both males and females showed an overall decrease in facial lengths, less prominent midface and mandibular structures and more convex profile compared with established norms for the White population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Statistically significant differences were found in certain key parameters of STCA for western Uttar Pradesh population when compared with established norms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Dr. Z.A. Dental College, AMU, Aligarh, India.
authors.forename: Jay S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Upadhyay
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Dr. Z.A. Dental College, AMU, Aligarh, India.
authors.forename: Sandhya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maheshwari
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Dr. Z.A. Dental College, AMU, Aligarh, India.
authors.forename: Sanjeev K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Verma
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Dr. Z.A. Dental College, AMU, Aligarh, India.
authors.forename: Syed Naved
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Zahid
keywords: Cephalometrics; orthognathic; soft tissue