title: Utility values in health technology assessments: a statistician's perspective.
abstract: This paper provides an introduction to utilities for statisticians working mainly in clinical research who have not had experience of health technology assessment work. Utility is the numeric valuation applied to a health state based on the preference of being in that state relative to perfect health. Utilities are often combined with survival data in health economic modelling to obtain quality-adjusted life years. There are several methods available for deriving the preference weights and the health states to which they are applied, and combining them to estimate utilities, and the clinical statistician has valuable skills that can be applied in ensuring the robustness of the trial design, data collection and analyses to obtain and handle this data. In addition to raising awareness of the subject and providing source references, the paper outlines the concepts and approaches around utilities using examples, discusses some of the key issues, and proposes areas where statisticians can collaborate with health economic colleagues to improve the quality of this important element of health technology assessment.
authors.affiliation: Whately-Smith Ltd, King's Langley, Hertfordshire, UK.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Whately-Smith
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Watkins
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mann
authors.forename: Chrissie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fletcher
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ducournau
mesh_terms: D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003625:Data Collection / Q000379:methods; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D006801:Humans; D018803:Models, Economic; D019057:Quality-Adjusted Life Years; D012107:Research Design; D013673:Technology Assessment, Biomedical / Q000379:methods*
keywords: EQ-5D; QALY; health states; quality of life; utility