title: Scoliosis secondary to ganglioneuroma: a case report and up to date literature review.
abstract: Idiopathic scoliosis is the most common form of spinal deformity in children. However, secondary causes of scoliosis, such as ganglioneuroma, should be always considered to avoid wrong diagnosis, and further investigations are required when there are atypical signs. We report a case of ganglioneuroma misdiagnosed as idiopathic scoliosis and review the literature to identify the red flags useful for physicians during the evaluation of a child with scoliosis. On the basis of both clinical and radiographic criteria that emerged from this study, we propose an algorithm that could help in the differential diagnosis, suggesting when to perform an MRI.
authors.affiliation: Departments of aPediatrics bOrthopaedics and Traumatology, 'Sapienza', University of Rome.
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: D'Eufemia
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Properzi
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Palombaro
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lodato
authors.forename: Loretta
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mellino
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tetti
authors.forename: Lorena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Martini
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Persiani
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D002648:Child; D003663:Decision Trees; D003951:Diagnostic Errors; D005260:Female; D005729:Ganglioneuroma / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008479:Mediastinal Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*