title: The IL-1 family in fish: swimming through the muddy waters of inflammasome evolution.
abstract: Inflammatory diseases are a significant burden on global healthcare systems, and tackling these diseases is a major focus of modern medicine. Key to many inflammatory diseases is the cytokine, Interleukin-1 (IL-1). Due to its apical role in initiating the inflammatory response, dysregulated IL-1 signalling results in a number of pathologies. Treatment of inflammatory diseases with anti-IL-1 therapies has offered many therapeutic benefits, however current therapies are protein based, with all the accompanying limitations. The non-conventional pathways involved in IL-1 signalling provide a number of potential therapeutic targets for clinical intervention and this has led to the exploitation of a number of model organisms for the study of IL-1 biology. Murine models have long been used to study IL-1 processing and release, but do not allow direct visualisation in vivo. Recently, fish models have emerged as genetically tractable and optically transparent inflammatory disease models. These models have raised questions on the evolutionary origins of the IL-1 family and the conservation in its processing and activation. Here we review the current understanding of IL-1 evolution in fish and discuss the study of IL-1 processing in these models.
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council Centre for Developmental and Biomedical Genetics, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Cardiovascular Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom. Electronic address: n.ogryzko@sheffield.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Nikolay V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Ogryzko
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council Centre for Developmental and Biomedical Genetics, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Infection and Immunity and MRC Centre for Developmental and Biomedical Genetics, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Stephen A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Renshaw
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Heather L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Wilson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D020170:Caspase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005399:Fishes / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D058847:Inflammasomes / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D010802:Phylogeny
chemical_list: D029941:Fish Proteins; D058847:Inflammasomes; D007375:Interleukin-1; D020170:Caspase 1
keywords: Inflammasome; Inflammation; Interleukin-1; Zebrafish