title: Enhancing the benefits of written emotional disclosure through response training.
abstract: Writing about a personal stressful event has been found to have psychological and physical health benefits, especially when physiological response increases during writing. Response training was developed to amplify appropriate physiological reactivity in imagery exposure. The present study examined whether response training enhances the benefits of written emotional disclosure. Participants were assigned to either a written emotional disclosure condition (n=113) or a neutral writing condition (n=133). Participants in each condition wrote for 20 minutes on 3 occasions and received response training (n=79), stimulus training (n=84) or no training (n=83). Heart rate and skin conductance were recorded throughout a 10-minute baseline, 20-minute writing, and a 10-minute recovery period. Self-reported emotion was assessed in each session. One month after completing the sessions, participants completed follow-up assessments of psychological and physical health outcomes. Emotional disclosure elicited greater physiological reactivity and self-reported emotion than neutral writing. Response training amplified physiological reactivity to emotional disclosure. Greater heart rate during emotional disclosure was associated with the greatest reductions in event-related distress, depression, and physical illness symptoms at follow-up, especially among response trained participants. Results support an exposure explanation of emotional disclosure effects and are the first to demonstrate that response training facilitates emotional processing and may be a beneficial adjunct to written emotional disclosure.
authors.affiliation: Virginia Commonwealth University.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Konig
authors.affiliation: Virginia Commonwealth University.
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eonta
authors.affiliation: Virginia Commonwealth University.
authors.forename: Stephanie R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Dyal
authors.affiliation: Virginia Commonwealth University. Electronic address: srvrana@vcu.edu.
authors.forename: Scott R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Vrana
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological / Q000502:physiology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology*; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology*; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology*; D014342:Truth Disclosure; D014956:Writing; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: expressive writing; heart rate; response training; skin conductance; written emotional disclosure