title: [The role of genetic and environmental factors in the etiology of esophageal atresia and tracheo-esophageal fistula].
abstract: Esophageal atresia and tracheo-esophageal fistula are severe congenital malformations, whose etiology is still poorly understood. So far, numerous genetic and environmental factors that may contribute to the occurrence of these defects have been described and the literature is dominated by the view of their common involvement in the etiology and pathogenesis of congenital esophageal atresia. In this review the authors present current knowledge on the embryogenesis of the esophagus and trachea, discuss environmental risk factors, and also list and describe genetic alterations identified so far in patients with congenital esophageal atresia.
authors.affiliation: Katedra i Zakład Genetyki, Uniwersytet Medyczny im. Piastów Śląskich we Wrocławiu.
authors.forename: Damian
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bednarczyk
authors.affiliation: Katedra Pielęgniarstwa Pediatrycznego, Zakład Pediatrii Społecznej, Uniwersytet Medyczny im. Piastów Śląskich we Wrocławiu.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Śmigiel
authors.affiliation: Katedra i Zakład Genetyki, Uniwersytet Medyczny im. Piastów Śląskich we Wrocławiu.
authors.forename: Maria Małgorzata
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Sąsiadek
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004933:Esophageal Atresia / Q000235:genetics*; D004947:Esophagus / Q000196:embryology; D006801:Humans; D014132:Trachea / Q000196:embryology; D014138:Tracheoesophageal Fistula / Q000235:genetics*