title: Use of the swim bladder and lateral line in near-field sound source localization by fish.
abstract: We investigated the roles of the swim bladder and the lateral line system in sound localization behavior by the plainfin midshipman fish (Porichthys notatus). Reproductive female midshipman underwent either surgical deflation of the swim bladder or cryoablation of the lateral line and were then tested in a monopolar sound source localization task. Fish with nominally 'deflated' swim bladders performed similar to sham-deflated controls; however, post-experiment evaluation of swim bladder deflation revealed that a majority of 'deflated' fish (88%, seven of the eight fish) that exhibited positive phonotaxis had partially inflated swim bladders. In total, 95% (21/22) of fish that localized the source had at least partially inflated swim bladders, indicating that pressure reception is likely required for sound source localization. In lateral line experiments, no difference was observed in the proportion of females exhibiting positive phonotaxis with ablated (37%) versus sham-ablated (47%) lateral line systems. These data suggest that the lateral line system is likely not required for sound source localization, although this system may be important for fine-tuning the approach to the sound source. We found that midshipman can solve the 180 deg ambiguity of source direction in the shallow water of our test tank, which is similar to their nesting environment. We also found that the potential directional cues (phase relationship between pressure and particle motion) in shallow water differs from a theoretical free-field. Therefore, the general question of how fish use acoustic pressure cues to solve the 180 deg ambiguity of source direction from the particle motion vector remains unresolved.
authors.affiliation: Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
authors.forename: Allison B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Coffin
authors.affiliation: JASCO Applied Sciences, Silver Spring, MD 20902, USA.
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Zeddies
authors.affiliation: Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.
authors.forename: Richard R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Fay
authors.affiliation: Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
authors.forename: Peter W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Alderks
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
authors.forename: Ashwin A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Bhandiwad
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Mohr
authors.affiliation: George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.affiliation: George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
authors.forename: Peter H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.affiliation: Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA sisneros@u.washington.edu.
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Sisneros
mesh_terms: D000400:Air Sacs / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D024541:Batrachoidiformes / Q000502:physiology*; D002140:California; D003463:Cues; D005260:Female; D053403:Lateral Line System / Q000502:physiology*; D009038:Motion; D011312:Pressure; D013017:Sound Localization
keywords: Hearing; Lateral line; Phonotaxis; Swim bladder