title: Association of classical risk factors and coronary artery disease in type 2 diabetic patients submitted to coronary angiography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death among individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). T2DM accelerates atherosclerosis alongside classical risk factors such as dyslipidemia and hypertension. This study aims to investigate the association of hyperglycemia and associated risk factors with CAD in outpatients with T2DM undergoing coronary angiography.
  
  
  METHODS
  818 individuals referred to coronary angiography were evaluated for glucose disturbances. After exclusion of those with prediabetes, 347 individuals with T2DM and 94 normoglycemic controls were studied for BMI, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, lipids, HOMA, adiponectin, Framingham risk score, number of clinically significant coronary lesions (stenosis > 50%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among T2DM subjects, those with CAD (n = 237) had worse glycemic control (fasting glucose 162.3 + 69.8 vs. 143.4 + 48.9 mg/dL, p = 0.004; HbA1c 8.03 + 1.91 vs. 7.59 + 1.55%, p = 0.03), lower HDL (39.2 + 13.2 vs. 44.4 + 15.9 mg/dL, p = 0.003), and higher triglycerides (140 [106-204] vs. 121 [78.5-184.25] mg/dL, p = 0.002), reached more often therapeutic goals for LDL (63.4% vs. 51.4%, p = 0.037) and less often goals for HDL (26.6% vs. 37.3%, p = 0.04), when compared to CAD-free individuals (n = 110). The same differences were not seen in normoglycemic controls. In T2DM subjects HbA1c tertiles were associated with progressively higher number of significant coronary lesions (median number of lesions 2 [A1c < 6.8%]; 2.5 [A1c 6.8-8.2%]; 4 [A1c > 8.2%]; p = 0.01 for trend).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Classic risk factors such as glycemic control and lipid profile were associated with presence of CAD in T2DM subjects undergoing coronary angiography. Glycemic control is progressively associated with number and extent of coronary lesions in patients with T2DM.
authors.forename: Célia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bittencourt
authors.forename: Valdecira M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Piveta
authors.forename: Carolina Sv
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Felipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Crispim
authors.forename: Deyse
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Meira
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Saddi-Rosa
authors.forename: Fernando Ma
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Giuffrida
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)-Escola Paulista de Medicina, Diabetes Center, Rua Pedro de Toledo 910, São Paulo CEP 04039-002, SP, Brazil. andrefreis@terra.com.br.
authors.forename: André F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Reis