title: Fesoterodine for overactive bladder: A review of the literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Overactive bladder (OAB) is a chronic condition affecting both men and women, with prevalence increasing with age. Antimuscarinics form the cornerstone of treatment of OAB. Fesoterodine, a nonselective muscarinic-receptor antagonist, was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in late 2008 for once daily, oral administration in the treatment of OAB to relieve the symptoms of urinary urge incontinence, urgency, and frequency.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this review was to provide an overview of the mechanism of action of and clinical trial data for fesoterodine, and to discuss the present status of fesoterodine in the management of OAB.
  
  
  METHODS
  The MEDLINE and Google Scholar databases were searched (June 1, 1999-December 1, 2009) using the terms fesoterodine, overactive bladder, and muscarinic antagonists. Full-text articles in English were selected for reference, and articles presenting the mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, and data from clinical trials were included. The parameters measured were tolerability, efficacy, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Trials involving animals and Phase I studies were excluded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The initial literature search yielded 48 papers. A total of 20 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria. In two 12-week, randomized, multicenter, Phase III clinical trials involving patients with increased micturition frequency and urgency and/or urinary urge incontinence (n = 836 and 1132 in each trial), both fesoterodine 4 and 8 mg were associated with significantly improved symptoms of OAB (frequency of micturition, urgency, and urge incontinence) compared with placebo (P < 0.05). In a post hoc analysis of pooled data of the Phase III trials, HRQoL improved significantly with both doses. In a 12-week, Phase Illb trial, fesoterodine 4 and 8 mg led to treatment satisfaction in ∼80% of patients (of 516 enrolled) who were initially unsatisfied with their previous treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A review of the literature suggests that fesoterodine is an efficacious and well-tolerated treatment option for patients with OAB.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, India.
authors.forename: Kanchan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, India.
authors.forename: Kirandeep
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kaur
authors.affiliation: Transplant Unit, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, India.
authors.forename: Baldev Singh
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Aulakh
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, India.
authors.forename: Sandeep
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaushal
keywords: fesoterodine; muscarinic antagonists; overactive bladder