title: Epicardial fat, rather than pericardial fat, is independently associated with diastolic filling in subjects without apparent heart disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Epicardial and pericardial fat are separate fat depots surrounding the heart. Previous studies found epicardial fat to be associated with diastolic dysfunction, but they had some limitations. Pericardial fat association with diastolic dysfunction was not examined. Our aim was to assess the relation of epicardial and pericardial fat with diastolic filling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 73 volunteers without known heart disease or complaints, using echocardiography, we measured epicardial and pericardial fat thickness from long(LAX) and short(SAX) axis views and assessed diastolic filling: mitral inflow (E/A ratio, E wave deceleration time[DT]), pulmonary vein flow (systolic/diastolic ratio [S/D], systolic filling fraction[SFR], late retrograde velocity[Ar]), color M-mode flow propagation velocity [Vp], and tissue Doppler derived mitral early annular velocities at the septum [e' sep] and lateral wall [e'-lat]. By Spearman's correlation, epicardial fat from LAX had a weak, but statistically significant correlations with several diastolic filling indices (SFR{rs = 0.29, P = 0.02}, Ar{rs = 0.3, P = 0.01}, Vp{rs = -0.3, P = 0.01}, e' sep{rs = -0.23, P = 0.04}, e' lat{rs = -0.26, P = 0.03}). In multivariate logistic regression model adjusting for age, gender, diabetes, systolic blood pressure and left ventricle mass index, epicardial fat thickness from LAX (and not from SAX) was the only independent predictor of e' [e' sep < 8: OR = 1.8, 95%CI = 1.1-2.9; e' lat<10: OR = 1.6, 95%CI = 1.01-2.6]. After adjustment, Pericardial fat measured from LAX was independent predictor of e' lat only[e' lat < 10:OR = 1.3, 95% CI 1.03-1.6).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Epicardial fat measured from LAX is an independent predictor of myocardial relaxation. Pericardial fat independent association with diastolic filling is uncertain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Ziv Medical Center and Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel. Electronic address: saleem.d@ziv.health.gov.il.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dabbah
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Ziv Medical Center and Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Komarov
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Ziv Medical Center and Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marmor
authors.affiliation: Liver Disease Unit, Ziv Medical Center and Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Assy
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D003971:Diastole; D004452:Echocardiography; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000503:physiopathology; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010496:Pericardium / Q000502:physiology*; D013599:Systole
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose
keywords: Diastolic dysfunction; Echocardiography; Epicardial fat; Long axis; Pericardial fat; Short axis