title: Foot deformation during walking: differences between static and dynamic 3D foot morphology in developing feet.
abstract: The complex functions of feet require a specific composition, which is progressively achieved by developmental processes. This development should take place without being affected by footwear. The aim of this study is to evaluate differences between static and dynamic foot morphology in developing feet. Feet of 2554 participants (6-16 years) were recorded using a new scanner system (DynaScan4D). Each foot was recorded in static half and full weight-bearing and during walking. Several foot measures corresponding to those used in last construction were calculated. The differences were identified by one-way ANOVA and paired Student's t-test. Static and dynamic values of each foot measure must be considered to improve the fit of footwear. In particular, footwear must account for the increase of forefoot width and the decrease of midfoot girth. Furthermore, the toe box should have a more rounded shape. The findings are important for the construction of footwear for developing feet.
authors.affiliation: a Medical Clinic, Department of Sports Medicine , University of Tuebingen , Tuebingen , Germany.
authors.forename: Bettina
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Barisch-Fritz
authors.forename: Timo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schmeltzpfenning
authors.forename: Clemens
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Plank
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grau
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D005528:Foot / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000254:growth & development; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008297:Male; D012775:Shoes; D016138:Walking; D016474:Weight-Bearing
keywords: anthropometry; biomechanics; children; health-care ergonomics; industrial ergonomics