title: Symptoms as solutions: hypnosis and biofeedback for autonomic regulation in autism spectrum disorders.
abstract: The Autonomic Dysregulation Theory of autism posits that a phylogenetically early autonomic defect leads to overarousal and impairments in language and social engagement. Cognitive rigidity and repetitive behaviors manifest as mitigating efforts. Focusing on the implications of this premise may provide more productive therapeutic approaches than existing methods. It suggests that self-regulation therapy using hypnosis and biofeedback should be highly effective, especially for young people. Hypnotic strategies can utilize restrictive repetitive behaviors in trance as resources for comfort and control. Biofeedback training can be tailored to focus on autonomic regulation. The authors develop this theory and describe methods of integrating hypnosis and biofeedback that have been therapeutic for people with autism. Directions for future research to validate this approach are discussed.
authors.forename: Laurence I
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Sugarman
authors.forename: Brian L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Garrison
authors.forename: Kelsey L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Williford
mesh_terms: D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001676:Biofeedback, Psychology / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D002659:Child Development Disorders, Pervasive / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D006990:Hypnosis / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D011582:Psychological Theory