title: Coacervate whey protein improves inflammatory milieu in mice fed with high-fat diet.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Functional foods with bioactive properties may help in treat obesity, as they can lead to a decreased risks of inflammatory diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of chitosan coacervate whey protein on the proinflammatory processes in mice fed with high-fat diet.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mice were divided into two groups receiving either a normolipidic or high-fat diet; the animals in each of the two diet groups were given a diet supplement of either coacervate (gavage, 36 mg protein/kg of body weight) or tap water for four weeks [groups: normolipidic diet plus water (C); normolipidic diet and coacervate (CC); high-fat diet and water (H); and high-fat diet and coacervate (HC)].
  
  
  RESULTS
  The high-fat diet promoted inflammation, possibly by decreased adiponectin/sum of adipose tissues ratio and increased phosphorylation of NF-κB p50. In HC we observed a positive correlation between IL-10 and TNF-α in mesenteric adipose tissue, retroperitoneal adipose tissue and liver tissue. We also observed a positive correlation between lipopolisaccharide with IL-10 in the liver tissue.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High-fat diet treatment promoted metabolic alterations and inflammation, and chitosan coacervate whey protein modulated inflammatory milieu.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiologia, Disciplina de Fisiologia da Nutrição, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mayara Franzoi
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiologia, Disciplina de Fisiologia da Nutrição, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gabriel Inácio de Morais Honorato
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiologia, Disciplina de Fisiologia da Nutrição, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Claudia Losinskas
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Hachul
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiologia, Disciplina de Fisiologia da Nutrição, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dos Santos
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiologia, Disciplina de Fisiologia da Nutrição, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcos Hiromu
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Okuda
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiologia, Disciplina de Fisiologia da Nutrição, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nelson Inácio Pinto
authors.initials: NI
authors.lastname: Neto
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiologia, Disciplina de Fisiologia da Nutrição, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Valter Tadeu
authors.initials: VT
authors.lastname: Boldarine
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Esposito
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiologia, Disciplina de Fisiologia da Nutrição, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eliane Beraldi
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiologia, Disciplina de Fisiologia da Nutrição, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Claudia Maria da Penha Oller
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: do Nascimento
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiologia, Disciplina de Fisiologia da Nutrição, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Aline de Piano
authors.initials: Ade P
authors.lastname: Ganen
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiologia, Disciplina de Fisiologia da Nutrição, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lila Missae
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Oyama
keywords: Cytokines; IL-10; Mesenteric adipose tissue