title: Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in parkinsonian conditions: an update and future directions.
abstract: Parkinsonian diseases comprise a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders, which show significant clinical and pathological overlap. Accurate diagnosis still largely relies on clinical acumen; pathological diagnosis remains the gold standard. There is an urgent need for biomarkers to diagnose parkinsonian disorders, particularly in the early stages when diagnosis is most difficult. In this review, several of the most promising cerebrospinal fluid candidate markers will be discussed. Their strengths and limitations will be considered together with future developments in the field.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Magdalinou
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Lees
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zetterberg
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D020734:Parkinsonian Disorders / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins
keywords: CSF; Corticobasal Degeneration; Multiple System Atrophy; Parkinson's Disease; Progressive Supranuclear Palsy