title: Accuracy of a computer-assisted planning and placement system for anatomical femoral tunnel positioning in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Femoral tunnel positioning is a difficult, but important factor in successful anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Computer navigation can improve the anatomical planning procedure besides the tunnel placement procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  The accuracy of the computer-assisted femoral tunnel positioning method for anatomical double bundle ACL-reconstruction with a three-dimensional template was determined with respect to both aspects for AM and PL bundles in 12 cadaveric knees.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The accuracy of the total tunnel positioning procedure was 2.7 mm (AM) and 3.2 mm (PL). These values consisted of the accuracies for planning (AM:2.9 mm; PL:3.2 mm) and for placement (about 0.4 mm). The template showed a systematic bias for the PL-position.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The computer-assisted templating method showed high accuracy for tunnel placement and has promising capacity for application in anatomical tunnel planning. Improvement of the template will result in an accurate and robust navigation system for femoral tunnel positioning in ACL-reconstruction.
authors.affiliation: Research, Development & Education, Sint Maartenskliniek, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J W H
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Luites
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Wymenga
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Blankevoort
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Eygendaal
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Verdonschot
mesh_terms: D059549:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction / Q000379:methods*; D005269:Femur / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*
keywords: anatomical double bundle femoral tunnel; anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction; computer-assisted; orthopedic surgery; tunnel placement; tunnel planning