title: Notable decrease of malignant pleural effusion after treatment with sorafenib in radioiodine-refractory follicular thyroid carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) caused by metastatic differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) is usually associated with a rapid fatal outcome and should be recognized as a grim prognostic indicator. A standard therapeutic strategy has not been established for this situation. Here, we report a radioiodine-refractory follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) patient in whom a notable decrease of MPE was achieved after treatment with sorafenib.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 50-year-old patient underwent a total thyroidectomy and resection of recurrence for poorly differentiated FTC followed by radioiodine therapy with a negative whole body scan. One year later, dissection of the inferior lobe of the left lung was performed because two fluorodeoxyglucose-avid nodules were identified; pathological examination revealed a metastatic poorly differentiated FTC. Half a year later, he was referred to our clinic because of cough, thoracic pain, nausea, and loss of appetite. Chest computed tomography showed right lung multiple nodules, left pleural effusion, and left lung collapse with left-sided pleural thickening. We treated him with sorafenib. Clinical and radiographic assessments were performed periodically.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Symptoms and signs improved dramatically and continuously after initiation of sorafenib treatment. A duration of more than 12 weeks of apparent reduction of pleural effusion was achieved, which was confirmed by consecutive computed tomography examinations. Despite grade 1 alopecia, no other obvious treatment-related adverse events occurred.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As a grim prognostic indicator for patients with DTC, no standard treatment recommendation for pleural effusion exists. Targeted therapy using sorafenib may be an effective therapeutic strategy in the treatment of MPE caused by FTC.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital , Shanghai, China .
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Maomei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ruan
authors.forename: Minghua
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Libo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D018263:Adenocarcinoma, Follicular / Q000150:complications* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000150:complications* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016066:Pleural Effusion, Malignant / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D000077157:Sorafenib; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D013965:Thyroidectomy; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D009536:Niacinamide; D000077157:Sorafenib