title: Screening of atmospheric short- and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins in India and Pakistan using polyurethane foam based passive air sampler.
abstract: Production and use of chlorinated paraffins (CPs) have been increasing in India. Distribution of CPs in the area and vicinity have become a great concern due to their persistency and toxicity. Polyurethane foam based passive air samplers (PUF-PAS) was deployed in order to screen the presence of short- and medium- chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs and MCCPs) in the outdoor atmosphere at many sites in India (in winter 2006) and Pakistan (in winter 2011). Concentrations of SCCPs and MCCPs ranged from not detected (ND) to 47.4 and 0 to 38.2 ng m(-3) with means of 8.11 and 4.83 ng m(-3), respectively. Indian concentrations showed higher average levels of both SCCPs and MCCPs India (10.2 ng m(-3) and 3.62 ng m(-3)than the samples from Pakistan (5.13 ng m(-3) and 4.21 ng m(-3)). Relative abundance patterns of carbon number are C10 > C11 > C12 ∼ C13 for SCCPs and C14 > C15 > C16 C17 for MCCP with similarity to the profiles of samples from China, the biggest CPs producer in the world. Principal Component Analysis suggested that detected SCCPs and MCCPs in this study originated from the same emission source.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou, 510640, China.
authors.forename: Chakra
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chaemfa
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Paromita
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chakraborty
authors.forename: Jabir
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hussain Syed
authors.forename: Riffat
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Naseem Malik
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Chongguo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Gan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Kevin C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D000388:Air; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000032:analysis*; D007194:India; D010154:Pakistan; D010232:Paraffin / Q000737:chemistry*; D011140:Polyurethanes / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D011140:Polyurethanes; D010232:Paraffin; C028279:polyurethane foam