title: Whole exome sequencing implicates PTCH1 and COL17A1 genes in ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the cervical spine in Chinese patients.
abstract: Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) of the cervical spine is a complex multifactorial disease. Patients with OPLL commonly present with symptoms in their 40s or 50s. The genetic basis of OPLL remains poorly understood. Exome capture combined with massively parallel DNA sequencing has been proposed as an efficient strategy to search for disease-causing genes of both monogenic and multigenic disorders. To identify candidate pathogenic genes associated with OPLL, we performed whole exome sequencing (WES) on two unrelated southern Chinese OPLL patients. The entire DNA coding region of the candidate genes was amplified by PCR and Sanger sequenced. The common single nucleotide polymorphisms were analyzed by association studies. WES revealed p.T265S/PTCH1, p.P1232L/PTCH1, and p.T902S/COL17A1 mutants in the two female cases with mixed OPLL. These were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. p.P1232L/PTCH1, p.N1374D/COL17A1 and p.T902S/COL17A1 were subsequently identified in three males with continuous OPLL and one female with mixed OPLL. The association studies indicated that the SNPs rs805698 and rs4918079 in COL17A1 were significantly associated with OPLL. This study suggests that WES may be a practical approach to revealing significant genetic involvement in OPLL. Variants of the PTCH1 and COL17A1 genes may contribute to the development of OPLL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University of PLA, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: H-L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: C-Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, National Education Base for Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, National Education Base for Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, National Education Base for Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: W-T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, National Education Base for Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Z F
authors.initials: ZF
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, National Education Base for Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: X-L
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, National Education Base for Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China zhangxianning@zju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: X N
authors.initials: XN
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics; D001324:Autoantigens / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000473:pathology; D059472:Exome; D005260:Female; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D006801:Humans; D007438:Introns; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D024041:Non-Fibrillar Collagens / Q000235:genetics*; D017887:Ossification of Posterior Longitudinal Ligament / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000235:genetics; D000072079:Patched Receptors; D000072081:Patched-1 Receptor; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000235:genetics*; D000097805:Collagen Type XVII
chemical_list: D001324:Autoantigens; D024041:Non-Fibrillar Collagens; D000072079:Patched Receptors; D000072081:Patched-1 Receptor; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D000097805:Collagen Type XVII; C000606236:PTCH1 protein, human