title: Overexpression of lactate dehydrogenase-A in human intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: its implication for treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies have shown that lactate dehydrogenase-A (LDH-A) is strongly expressed in several malignancies, that LDH-A expression is associated with poor prognosis, and that LDH-A inhibition severely diminishes tumorigenicity. However, little is known about the implications of LDH-A expression in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of LDH-A and to clarify its effect on intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied the expression of LDH-A in tissue samples from patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (n = 54) using the ultrasensitive surfactant protein (S-P) immunohistochemical method. We then inhibited LDH-A using small hairpin RNA (shRNA) in the cholangiocarcinoma cell line HuCCT-1 in vitro to study the role it plays in promoting growth and escaping apoptosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We report that LDH-A was overexpressed in 52 of 54 (96%) paraffin-embedded cancer tissue samples and 0 of 54 para-carcinoma tissue samples. Reduction of LDH-A by RNA interference (RNAi) inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis in HuCCT-1 cells. This result correlated with the elevation of cytoplasmic reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LDH-A expression is closely correlated with histopathological variables of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, indicating that LDH-A may serve as a new treatment target.
authors.forename: Yaping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Minqi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Ruiwen
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Division of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, NO, 300, Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China. fuzan2011@163.com.
authors.forename: Zan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fu
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000080864:Lactate Dehydrogenase 5; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D011379:Prognosis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D007527:Isoenzymes; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D000080864:Lactate Dehydrogenase 5