title: Influence of Vertical Soft Tissue Thickness on Crestal Bone Changes Around Implants with Platform Switching: A Comparative Clinical Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Numerous studies have shown the superiority of platform-switched implants in preserving crestal bone as compared with platform-matched implants. However, the influence of initial soft tissue thickness on development of crestal bone loss has not been addressed in previous studies; thus, further research is needed.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate crestal bone levels around platform-switched implants placed in thin and thick mucosal tissue.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty patients (38 male and 42 female, mean age 44 ± 3.34 years) received 80 bone-level implants of 4.1 mm in diameter with platform switching (Institut Straumann AG, Basel, Switzerland). Tissue thickness was measured, and cases were distributed to Group 1, with thin soft tissue (2 mm or less, n = 40), and Group 2, with thick tissue (more than 2 mm, n = 40). Implants were placed with a one-stage approach and restored with screw-retained restorations. Radiographic examination was performed after implant placement, 2 months after healing, after restoration, and at 1-year follow-up post-reconstruction. Crestal bone loss was calculated. The Mann-Whitney U-test was applied, and significance was set to p ≤ .05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Implants in Group 1 (thin tissue) showed 0.79 mm of bone loss after 2 months. After 1-year follow-up, bone loss was 1.17 mm. Implants in Group 2 (thick tissue) showed bone loss of 0.17 mm after 2 months of implant placement and 0.21 mm after 1-year follow-up. The differences between groups were significant (p < .001) at both time points.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It can be concluded that platform switching does not prevent crestal bone loss if, at the time of implant placement, mucosal tissue is thin. In thick soft tissue, use of platform-switched implants maintained crestal bone level with minimal remodeling.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Odontology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.|Vilnius Research Group.|Vilnius Implantology Center, Vilnius, Lithuania.
authors.forename: Tomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Linkevicius
authors.affiliation: Vilnius Research Group.|Vilnius Implantology Center, Vilnius, Lithuania.
authors.forename: Algirdas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Puisys
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Marius
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Steigmann
authors.affiliation: Vilnius Research Group.|Vilnius Implantology Center, Vilnius, Lithuania.
authors.forename: Egle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vindasiute
authors.affiliation: Institute of Odontology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Linkeviciene
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000473:pathology*; D059605:Dental Implant-Abutment Design; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods*; D019250:Dental Implants, Single-Tooth; D005260:Female; D005881:Gingiva / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007576:Jaw, Edentulous, Partially / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: clinical study; crestal bone loss; implant design