title: Iatrogenic biliary injuries: identification, classification, and management.
abstract: Because it offers several advantages over open cholecystectomy, laparoscopic cholecystectomy has largely replaced open cholecystectomy for the management of symptomatic gallstone disease. The only potential disadvantage is a higher incidence of major bile duct injury. Although prevention of these biliary injuries is ideal, when they do occur, early identification and appropriate treatment are critical to improving the outcomes of patients suffering a major bile duct injury. This report delineates the key factors in classification (and its relationship to mechanism and management), identification (intraoperative and postoperative), and management principles of these bile duct injuries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery (112), University of California San Francisco and San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA. Electronic address: lygia.stewart@va.gov.
authors.forename: Lygia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Stewart
mesh_terms: D001659:Biliary Tract / Q000293:injuries*; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D012086:Reoperation; D061665:Time-to-Treatment; D057772:Vascular System Injuries / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery
keywords: Bile duct injury; Biliary stricture; Biliary-enteric anastomosis; Laparoscopic cholecystectomy; Management