title: Carotid endarterectomy: comparison of complications between transverse and longitudinal incision.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cranial nerve injury (CNI) is the most common neurological complication associated with carotid endarterectomy (CEA). Some authors postulate that the transverse skin incision leads to increased risk of CNI.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We compared the incidence of CNI associated with the transverse and longitudinal skin incisions in a high-volume cerebrovascular center.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the charts of 226 consecutive patients who underwent CEAs between January 2007 and August 2009. Pre- and postoperative standardized neurological evaluations were performed by faculty neurologists and neurosurgeons.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred sixty nine of 226 (75%) CEAs were performed with the use of a transverse incision. The longitudinal incision was generally reserved for patients with a high-riding carotid bifurcation. Mean patient age was 69 years (range, 45-91 years); 62% were men; 59% of patients were symptomatic and had high-grade stenosis (70%-99%). CNI occurred in 8 cases (3.5%): 5 (3%) in transverse and 3 (5.3%) with longitudinal incisions (P = .42). There were 2 marginal mandibular nerve injuries, 1 (0.6%) transverse and 1 longitudinal; 5 recurrent laryngeal nerve injuries, 4 transverse and 1 longitudinal; and 1 case of hypoglossal nerve injury associated with longitudinal incision. One hematoma was associated with CNI. All injuries were transient. Fourteen wound hematomas required surgical evacuation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The transverse skin incision for CEAs is not associated with an increased risk of CNI (P =.42). In this study, the incidence of CNI associated with the transverse incision was 3% (n = 5) vs 5% (n = 3) for longitudinal incisions. All CNIs were temporary.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurological Surgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona.
authors.forename: George A C
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Mendes
authors.forename: Joseph M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Zabramski
authors.forename: Ali M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Elhadi
authors.forename: M Yashar S
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Kalani
authors.forename: Mark C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Preul
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nakaji
authors.forename: Robert F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Spetzler
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000601:surgery*; D020209:Cranial Nerve Injuries / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies