title: [Evaluation of intima-media thickness in patients with chronic kidney disease not on dialysis: a prospective study of 24 months].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increased carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) is considered a marker of early-onset atherosclerosis and it seems to predict cardiovascular events in general population. The prognostic value of IMT in patients with early-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD) has not been clearly established.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to evaluate the association between IMT and cardiovascular (CV) events and mortality in CKD patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort of CKD patients in stage 2-4 was evaluated the occurrence of CV events and death in a 24 months follow-up. Laboratory data, carotid ultrasound and coronary computed tomography were performed at baseline.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 117 patients (57 ± 11 years-old, 61% male) were evaluated. Mean glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 36 ± 17 mL/min, 96% of patients had hypertension, 23% diabetes and 27% were obese. Coronary calcification was found in 48% of the patients, with higher prevalence among CKD stage 4 (p = 0.02). The median value of IMT was 0.6 mm (0.4-0.7 mm). When compared to patients with IMT ≤ 0.6 mm, those with IMT > 0.6 mm were older (p = 0.001), had higher prevalence of male (p = 0.001) and had lower eGFR (p = 0.01). These patients also had higher prevalence of coronary calcification (p = 0.001). During the follow-up, there were no differences in the occurrence of cardiovascular events and deaths between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IMT in early-stage CKD patients was related to coronary calcification, but not with the occurrence of cardiovascular events or death.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo.
authors.forename: Andrea Gaspar
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Marcos
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo.
authors.forename: Renato
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo.
authors.forename: Marcelo Montebello
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Lemos
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo.
authors.forename: Maria Eugenia Fernandes
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Canziani
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000150:complications*; D013997:Time Factors