title: Interleukin-8 and interleukin-17 for cancer.
abstract: Pro-inflammatory cytokines have been associated with chronic inflammation and inflammatory diseases. Increased levels of interleukins (ILs) have been associated with inflammatory disease exacerbation. ILs levels have been observed to be associated with advance stage cancer for several types of cancer and a poor prognostic maker for malignant disease. Moreover; increased levels of cytokines induce tumorigenesis. There are several paradigms such as the hepatocellular carcinoma induced from chronic inflammation of an underlying hepatitis. In the current review, we will focus on IL-8 and -17. These two ILs as in the case of others, induce neo-angiogenesis through activation of the vascular endothelial growth (VEGF) factor pathway. Additionally, they enhance the activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 (MMP-2,-9) which in turn increase the metastatic activity of the underlying malignancy. Inhibition of cytokine production could be a potential treatment both for chronic inflammatory diseases and tumor modulation. Local microenvironment modulation could be applied in surgery resected patients as in the case of lung cancer in order to enhance the local immune activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary, Oncology Unit, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece;
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zarogoulidis
authors.forename: Fotini
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Katsikogianni
authors.forename: Theodora
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsiouda
authors.forename: Antonios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sakkas
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Katsikogiannis
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zarogoulidis
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000378:metabolism*; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism*; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D020381:Interleukin-17; D016209:Interleukin-8; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C522361:MMP2 protein, human; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; C579270:MMP9 protein, human; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9