title: Green leaf allowance and dairy ewe performance grazing on tropical pasture.
abstract: The objective of this study was to explain the influence of green leaf allowance levels on the performance of dairy ewes grazing a tropical grass. Seventy-two lactating ewes grazed Aruana guineagrass (Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Aruana) for 80 d. The treatments were 4 daily levels of green leaf allowance (GLA) on a DM basis corresponding to 4, 7, 10, and 13 kg DM/100 kg BW, which were named low, medium-low, medium-high, and high level, respectively. The experimental design was completely randomized with 3 replications. During the experimental period, 4 grazing cycles were evaluated in a rotational stocking grazing method (4 d of grazing and 16 d of rest). There was a linear effect of GLA on forage mass, and increasing GLA resulted in increased total leaf mass, reaching an asymptotic plateau around the medium-high GLA level. The stem mass increased with increased GLA, and a pronounced increase was observed between medium-high and high GLAs. Increasing GLA increased both forage disappearance rate and postgrazing forage mass. Leaf proportion increased with GLA, peaking at the medium-high level, and the opposite occurred for stem proportions, which reduced until medium-high GLA level, followed by an increase on high GLA. Forage CP decreased linearly with GLA, and increasing GLA from low to high reduced CP content by 31%. On the other hand, NDF increased 14% and ADF increased 26%, both linearly in response to greater GLA levels. Total digestible nutrients decreased linearly by 8% when GLA increased from low to high level. Milk yield increased, peaking at medium-high GLA (1.75 kg ewe(-1) d(-1)) and decreased at high GLA level (1.40 kg ewe(-1) d(-1)). Milk composition was not affected by the GLA levels. There was a reduction in stocking rate from 72 to 43 ewes/ha when GLA increased from low to high level. Productivity (milk yield kg ha(-1) d(-1)) increased as GLA increased, peaking at medium-low level (115 kg ha(-1) d(-1)). Although this tropical grass showed the same pattern in responses to GLA levels as reported in the literature with temperate pastures, the magnitude of the process changed and the maximum response in milk yield from lactating dairy ewes grazing a tropical pasture would be achieved with higher forage allowances than in temperate pastures. Overall, Aruana guineagrass grazed by lactating dairy ewes should be managed to provide 7 to 10 GLA in kg DM/100 kg BW according to the production goals.
authors.affiliation: University of Sao Paulo, ESALQ, Piracicaba, 13418-900, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: De Souza
authors.affiliation: University of Sao Paulo, ESALQ, Piracicaba, 13418-900, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Batistel
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Production, Santa Catarina State University, Lages, Santa Catarina, 88520-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ticiani
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Production, Santa Catarina State University, Lages, Santa Catarina, 88520-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Sandri
authors.affiliation: University of Sao Paulo, ESALQ, Piracicaba, 13418-900, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: C G S
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Pedreira
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Production, Santa Catarina State University, Lages, Santa Catarina, 88520-000, Brazil dimas.oliveira@udesc.br.
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Oliveira
mesh_terms: D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D005248:Feeding Methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D060434:Herbivory / Q000502:physiology*; D007774:Lactation / Q000502:physiology; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018515:Plant Leaves; D006109:Poaceae; D012756:Sheep; D034561:Sheep, Domestic / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: milk yield; pastures; performance; productivity; stocking rate