title: Relationship between Serum Level of Lymphatic Vessel Endothelial Hyaluronan Receptor-1 and Prognosis in Patients with Lung Cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor-1 (LYVE-1) is a hyaluronic acid receptor that is selectively expressed in the endothelia of lymphatic capillaries. The density of lymphatic vessels expressing LYVE-1 on immunohistochemistry negatively correlates with prognosis of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. However, the relationship between LYVE-1 serum levels and lung cancer staging is unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  We collected blood samples from 58 lung cancer patients before treatment and measured LYVE-1 serum levels using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean serum LYVE-1 levels were 1,420 pg/mL. Serum LYVE-1 levels correlated positively with serum albumin levels, but inversely with primary tumor size, leukocyte counts, and platelet counts by Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient. A high cancer staging, occurrence of lymph-node metastases, and occurrence of distant metastases were significantly associated with low LYVE-1 levels. Moreover, multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that LYVE-1 levels were predictive of the presence of lymph node and distant metastases, independently of the other factors. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the survival of patients with serum LYVE-1 ≤1,553 pg/mL was significantly poorer than that of patients with serum LYVE-1 >1,553 pg/mL. This survival difference relative to LYVE-1 levels remained statistically significant after adjusting for age and gender by the Cox proportional-hazard analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum LYVE-1 is significantly low in lung cancer patients with metastasis, compared with those without. Measuring LYVE-1 levels in lung cancer patients may be useful for evaluating lung cancer progression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology,Yamagata University School of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan.
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nunomiya
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology,Yamagata University School of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology,Yamagata University School of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan.
authors.forename: Shuichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology,Yamagata University School of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan.
authors.forename: Sumito
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology,Yamagata University School of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Igarashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology,Yamagata University School of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan.
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamauchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology,Yamagata University School of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomomi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology,Yamagata University School of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Aida
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology,Yamagata University School of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan.
authors.forename: Takako
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nemoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology,Yamagata University School of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan.
authors.forename: Masamichi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology,Yamagata University School of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kishi
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology,Yamagata University School of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology,Yamagata University School of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan.
authors.forename: Kento
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology,Yamagata University School of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan.
authors.forename: Isao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kubota
keywords: LYVE-1; biomarker.; lung cancer; metastasis; survival