title: Sensing of phosphates by using luminescent Eu(III) and Tb(III) complexes: application to the microalgal cell Chlorella vulgaris.
abstract: Phenanthroline-based chiral ligands L(1) and L(2) as well as the corresponding Eu(III) and Tb(III) complexes were synthesized and characterized. The coordination compounds show red and green emission, which was explored for the sensing of a series of anions such as F(-), Cl(-), Br(-), I(-), NO3(-), NO2(-), HPO4(2-), HSO4(-), CH3COO(-), and HCO3(-). Among the anions, HPO4(2-) exhibited a strong response in the emission property of both europium(III) and terbium(III) complexes. The complexes showed interactions with the nucleoside phosphates adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and adenosine monophosphate (AMP). Owing to this recognition, these complexes have been applied as staining agents in the microalgal cell Chlorella vulgaris. The stained microalgal cells were monitored through fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Initially, the complexes bind to the outer cell wall and then enter the cell wall through holes in which they probably bind to phospholipids. This leads to a quenching of the luminescence properties.
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Inorganic Materials and Catalysis; Central Salt and Marine Chemicals, Research Institute (CSIR), Bhavnagar, 364 002, Gujarat (India).
authors.forename: Sandeep
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nadella
authors.forename: Jashobanta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sahoo
authors.forename: Palani S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Subramanian
authors.forename: Abhishek
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sahu
authors.forename: Sandhya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Albrecht
mesh_terms: D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate / Q000032:analysis; D000249:Adenosine Monophosphate / Q000032:analysis; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000032:analysis; D048408:Chlorella vulgaris / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000166:cytology; D056831:Coordination Complexes / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D005063:Europium / Q000737:chemistry*; D008024:Ligands; D049408:Luminescent Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D010710:Phosphates / Q000032:analysis*; D013725:Terbium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D056831:Coordination Complexes; D008024:Ligands; D049408:Luminescent Agents; D010710:Phosphates; D013725:Terbium; D000249:Adenosine Monophosphate; D005063:Europium; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate
keywords: lanthanides; ligands; luminescence; phosphates; sensors