title: Translational implications of the β-cell epigenome in diabetes mellitus.
abstract: Diabetes mellitus is a disorder of glucose homeostasis that affects more than 24 million Americans and 382 million individuals worldwide. Dysregulated insulin secretion from the pancreatic β cells plays a central role in the pathophysiology of all forms of diabetes mellitus. Therefore, an enhanced understanding of the pathways that contribute to β-cell failure is imperative. Epigenetics refers to heritable changes in DNA transcription that occur in the absence of changes to the linear DNA nucleotide sequence. Recent evidence suggests an expanding role of the β-cell epigenome in the regulation of metabolic health. The goal of this review is to discuss maladaptive changes in β-cell DNA methylation patterns and chromatin architecture, and their contribution to diabetes pathophysiology. Efforts to modulate the β-cell epigenome as a means to prevent, diagnose, and treat diabetes are also discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind.
authors.forename: Justin S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind; Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind; Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind; Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind; Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Ind. Electronic address: cevansmo@iu.edu.
authors.forename: Carmella
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Evans-Molina
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019175:DNA Methylation; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000235:genetics*; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D057170:Translational Research, Biomedical
chemical_list: D006657:Histones