title: MMP-2 as an early synovial biomarker for cranial cruciate ligament disease in dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure the activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2 and -9 in synovial fluid from the stifle joints of dogs with cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) rupture and to compare that to values from contralateral stifle joints and dogs with clinically normal stifle joints. Additionally, the C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were also measured.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen large breed dogs with unilateral CrCL rupture and 11 large breed normal dogs were included in this prospective clinical study. Synovial fluid was collected from CrCL-ruptured stifle joints, contralateral clinically normal stifle joints of the same dogs, and stifle joints of normal dogs. Serum was also collected. Synovial fluid activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and serum CRP level were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The MMP-2 activity in synovial fluid was significantly higher in CrCL-ruptured joints compared to contralateral joints and to stifles from normal dogs. There was no significant difference in activity of MMP-2 in contralateral joints of CrCL-ruptured dogs compared to normal dogs. Both serum CRP level and MMP-9 activity did not differ significantly between the studied conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It was confirmed that MMP-2 activity is significantly related to CrCL rupture, but there was a failure to demonstrate any significant increase in the contralateral joints compared to the stifle joints of normal dogs. The MMP-2 involvement in progressing CrCL disease still has to be defined.
authors.affiliation: Laetitia Boland, 12, Rue de L'Abbé Lemire, 59110 La Madeleine, France, Phone: +33 6 33 24 51 54, E-mail: laetitiaboland@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Boland
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Danger
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Cabon
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rabillard
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brouard
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bouvy
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gauthier
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000473:pathology; D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D004285:Dogs; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D012421:Rupture / Q000662:veterinary; D013264:Stifle / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology; D013582:Synovial Fluid / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9
keywords: C-reactive protein; Cranial cruciate ligament disease; contra-lateral rupture; dog; matrix metalloproteinases