title: Genetic modification of T cells.
abstract: Gene transfer technology has advanced rapidly from simple physical-chemical laboratory methods in the 1970s and 1980s to the sophisticated viral and nonviral methods currently in clinical practice. Herein, we review 4 gene transfer methodologies applied in human gene therapy clinical trials transferring chimeric antigen receptors into T cells for the treatment of B-cell malignancies. The 4 methods include 2 viral vector gene transfer technologies, gamma retroviral vectors and lentiviral vectors, and 2 nonviral methods, transposons and mRNA electroporation.
authors.affiliation: From Bluebird Bio, Cambridge, MA.R.A.M. and S.K. are employees of and own equity in Bluebird Bio.
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: Sunitha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kakarla
mesh_terms: D004251:DNA Transposable Elements / Q000235:genetics*; D018274:Electroporation / Q000379:methods; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D006801:Humans; D016086:Lentivirus / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D012190:Retroviridae / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D012333:RNA, Messenger