title: Relapse assessment following allogeneic SCT in patients with MDS and AML.
abstract: Options to pre-emptively treat impending relapse of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) continuously increase. In recent years, the spectrum of diagnostic methods and parameters to perform post-transplant monitoring in patients with AML and MDS has grown. Cytomorphology, histomorphology, and chimaerism analysis are the mainstay in any panel of post-transplant monitoring. This may be individually combined with multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) for the detection of residual cells with a leukaemia phenotype and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR) to assess gene expression, e.g., of WT1 or the residual mutation load (e.g., in case of an NPM1 mutation). Data evaluating the aforementioned methods alone or in combination are discussed in this review with particular emphasis on data pointing towards their suitability to steer pre-emptive post-transplant interventions such as immunotherapy, chemotherapy or therapy with demethylating agents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, The Bronx, NY, 10461, USA, mchristo@einstein.yu.edu.
authors.forename: Maximilian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Christopeit
authors.forename: Nicolaus
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kröger
authors.forename: Torsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Haferlach
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Bacher
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000601:surgery*; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D009190:Myelodysplastic Syndromes / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000601:surgery*; D000090243:Nucleophosmin; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous / Q000639:trends