title: Role of retinoic acid and fibroblast growth factor 2 in neural differentiation from cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) embryonic stem cells.
abstract: Retinoic acid is a widely used factor in both mouse and human embryonic stem cells. It suppresses differentiation to mesoderm and enhances differentiation to ectoderm. Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) is widely used to induce differentiation to neurons in mice, yet in primates, including humans, it maintains embryonic stem cells in the undifferentiated state. In this study, we established an FGF2 low-dose-dependent embryonic stem cell line from cynomolgus monkeys and then analyzed neural differentiation in cultures supplemented with retinoic acid and FGF2. When only retinoic acid was added to culture, neurons differentiated from FGF2 low-dose-dependent embryonic stem cells. When both retinoic acid and FGF2 were added, neurons and astrocytes differentiated from the same embryonic stem cell line. Thus, retinoic acid promotes the differentiation from embryonic stem cells to neuroectoderm. Although FGF2 seems to promote self-renewal in stem cells, its effects on the differentiation of stem cells are influenced by the presence or absence of supplemental retinoic acid.
authors.affiliation: Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hatori
authors.affiliation: Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuhiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shimozawa
authors.affiliation: Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Lubna
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yasmin
authors.affiliation: Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suemori
authors.affiliation: Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan, Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nakatsuji
authors.affiliation: RIKEN BioResource Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsuo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ogura
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Ken-Ichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yagami
authors.affiliation: Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. sankai@nibio.go.jp.
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sankai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007621:Karyotyping; D008252:Macaca fascicularis / Q000502:physiology*; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D054258:Neural Plate / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D014212:Tretinoin