title: Explanatory chapter: troubleshooting protein expression: what to do when the protein is not soluble.
abstract: Production of soluble protein remains a bottleneck in the biochemistry and structural biology fields. Unfortunately, there is no 'magic bullet' that solves all solubility problems. The following is a protocol to test whether a protein expressed recombinantly is soluble, and possible strategies to circumvent insolubility issues.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Krisna C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Duong-Ly
authors.affiliation: Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Electronic address: gabelli@jhmi.edu.
authors.forename: Sandra B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Gabelli
mesh_terms: D015202:Protein Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D012995:Solubility
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins
keywords: Cell lysis; Differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF); IPTG; Immunoblotting; SDS-PAGE; Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO); Troubleshooting protein expression