title: Hippocampus-specific deficiency in RNA editing of GluA2 in Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: Adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing is a base recoding process within precursor messenger RNA, catalyzed by members of the adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) family. A notable example occurs at the Q/R site of the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid glutamate receptor subunit GluA2. Abnormally, low editing at this site leads to excessive calcium influx and cell death. We studied hippocampus and caudate samples from Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and age-matched healthy controls, using direct sequencing and a high accuracy primer-extension technique to assess RNA editing at the Q/R GluA2 site. Both techniques revealed lower, more variable RNA editing in AD, specific to the hippocampus and the GluA2 site. Deficient editing also characterized the hippocampus of apolipoprotein ε4 allele carriers, regardless of clinical diagnosis. In AD, messenger RNA expression of neuronal markers was decreased in the hippocampus, and expression of the Q/R-site editing enzyme ADAR2 was decreased in caudate. These findings provide a link between neurodegenerative processes and deficient RNA editing of the GluA2 Q/R site, and may contribute to both diagnosis and treatment of AD.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research Center, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel. Electronic address: igsalomon@psy.haifa.ac.il.
authors.forename: Inna
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gaisler-Salomon
authors.affiliation: Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
authors.forename: Efrat
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kravitz
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research Center, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
authors.forename: Yulia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Feiler
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research Center, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Safran
authors.affiliation: The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
authors.forename: Anat
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Biegon
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research Center, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
authors.forename: Ninette
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Amariglio
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research Center, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Gideon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rechavi
mesh_terms: D000243:Adenosine Deaminase / Q000378:metabolism; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000483:Alleles; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000628:therapy; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4 / Q000235:genetics; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002421:Caudate Nucleus / Q000201:enzymology; D016923:Cell Death; D005260:Female; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017393:RNA Editing / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics*; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018091:Receptors, AMPA / Q000235:genetics*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D053327:Apolipoprotein E4; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D018091:Receptors, AMPA; C567955:ADARB1 protein, human; D000243:Adenosine Deaminase; C104722:glutamate receptor ionotropic, AMPA 2; D002118:Calcium
keywords: ADAR; AMPA; Alzheimer's disease; ApoE; Caudate; GluA2; Glutamate; Hippocampus; Neurodegeneration; Postmortem; Primer extension; RNA editing