title: Acute exercise does not induce an acute phase response (APR) in Standardbred trotters.
abstract: The purpose of the study was to investigate whether acute strenuous exercise (1600- to 2500-m race) would elicit an acute phase response (APR) in Standardbred trotters. Blood levels of several inflammatory markers [serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin, fibrinogen, white blood cell count (WBC), and iron], muscle enzymes [creatinine kinase (CK) and aspartate transaminase (AST)], and hemoglobin were assessed in 58 Standardbred trotters before and after racing. Hemoglobin levels increased and iron levels decreased 12 to 14 h after racing and haptoglobin concentrations, white blood cell counts, and iron levels were decreased 2 and/or 7 d after racing. Concentrations of CK, AST, SAA, and fibrinogen were unaltered in response to racing. Acute strenuous exercise did not elicit an acute phase reaction. The observed acute increase in hemoglobin levels and decreases in haptoglobin and iron levels may have been caused by exercise-induced hemolysis, which indicates that horses might experience a condition similar to athlete's anemia in humans. The pathogenesis and clinical implications of the hematological and blood-biochemical changes elicited by acute exercise in Standardbred trotters in the present study warrant further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Holstebro Equine Practice, Vinderup, Denmark (Kristensen); Department of Large Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark (Buhl, Bak, Petersen, Lindholm, Jacobsen); Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden (Nostell).
authors.forename: Lena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kristensen
authors.affiliation: Holstebro Equine Practice, Vinderup, Denmark (Kristensen); Department of Large Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark (Buhl, Bak, Petersen, Lindholm, Jacobsen); Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden (Nostell).
authors.forename: Rikke
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Buhl
authors.affiliation: Holstebro Equine Practice, Vinderup, Denmark (Kristensen); Department of Large Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark (Buhl, Bak, Petersen, Lindholm, Jacobsen); Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden (Nostell).
authors.forename: Katarina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nostell
authors.affiliation: Holstebro Equine Practice, Vinderup, Denmark (Kristensen); Department of Large Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark (Buhl, Bak, Petersen, Lindholm, Jacobsen); Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden (Nostell).
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bak
authors.affiliation: Holstebro Equine Practice, Vinderup, Denmark (Kristensen); Department of Large Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark (Buhl, Bak, Petersen, Lindholm, Jacobsen); Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden (Nostell).
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Petersen
authors.affiliation: Holstebro Equine Practice, Vinderup, Denmark (Kristensen); Department of Large Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark (Buhl, Bak, Petersen, Lindholm, Jacobsen); Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden (Nostell).
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lindholm
authors.affiliation: Holstebro Equine Practice, Vinderup, Denmark (Kristensen); Department of Large Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark (Buhl, Bak, Petersen, Lindholm, Jacobsen); Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden (Nostell).
authors.forename: Stine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jacobsen
mesh_terms: D000210:Acute-Phase Reaction / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000378:metabolism; D006242:Haptoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006736:Horses / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D007501:Iron / Q000097:blood; D007958:Leukocyte Count / Q000662:veterinary; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D000685:Serum Amyloid A Protein / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D006242:Haptoglobins; D006454:Hemoglobins; D000685:Serum Amyloid A Protein; D005340:Fibrinogen; D007501:Iron; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D003402:Creatine Kinase