title: Characteristics, process parameters, and inner components of anaerobic bioreactors.
abstract: The anaerobic bioreactor applies the principles of biotechnology and microbiology, and nowadays it has been used widely in the wastewater treatment plants due to their high efficiency, low energy use, and green energy generation. Advantages and disadvantages of anaerobic process were shown, and three main characteristics of anaerobic bioreactor (AB), namely, inhomogeneous system, time instability, and space instability were also discussed in this work. For high efficiency of wastewater treatment, the process parameters of anaerobic digestion, such as temperature, pH, Hydraulic retention time (HRT), Organic Loading Rate (OLR), and sludge retention time (SRT) were introduced to take into account the optimum conditions for living, growth, and multiplication of bacteria. The inner components, which can improve SRT, and even enhance mass transfer, were also explained and have been divided into transverse inner components, longitudinal inner components, and biofilm-packing material. At last, the newly developed special inner components were discussed and found more efficient and productive.
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Control in Textile, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China ; Industrial Research and Consultancy Center (IRCC), Khartoum 13314, Sudan.
authors.forename: Awad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abdelgadir
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Control in Textile, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoguang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Control in Textile, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
authors.forename: Jianshe
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Control in Textile, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
authors.forename: Xuehui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Control in Textile, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Control in Textile, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Control in Textile, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
authors.forename: Heng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Control in Textile, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000693:Anaerobiosis; D019149:Bioreactors / Q000382:microbiology*; D012722:Sewage / Q000382:microbiology; D018508:Water Purification / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D012722:Sewage