title: MRI scans significantly change target coverage decisions in radical radiotherapy for prostate cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Conventional clinical staging for prostate cancer has many limitations. This study evaluates the impact of adding MRI scans to conventional clinical staging for guiding decisions about radiotherapy target coverage.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective review of 115 patients who were treated between February 2002 and September 2005 with radical radiotherapy for prostate cancer. All patients had MRI scans approximately 2 weeks before the initiation of radiotherapy. The T stage was assessed by both conventional clinical methods (cT-staging) as well as by MRI (mT-staging). The radiotherapy target volumes were determined first based on cT-staging and then taking the additional mT staging into account. The number of times extracapsular extension or seminal vesicle invasion was incorporated into target volumes was quantified based on both cT-staging and the additional mT-staging.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Extracapsular extension was incorporated into target volumes significantly more often with the addition of mT-staging (46 patients (40%) ) compared with cT-staging alone (37 patients (32%) ) (P = 0.002). Seminal vesicle invasion was incorporated into target volumes significantly more often with the addition of mT-staging (21 patients (18%) ) compared with cT-staging alone (three patients (3%) ) (P < 0.001). A total of 23 patients (20%) had changes to their target coverage based on the mT-staging.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MRI scans can significantly change decisions about target coverage in radical radiotherapy for prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Radiation Oncology Centre, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Division of Radiation Oncology and Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Joe H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Daryl
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lim Joon
authors.forename: Brandon T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Chee-Yan
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Hiew
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Esler
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Angus
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.forename: Morikatsu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Quong
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Khoo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000465:Algorithms; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D061089:Radiotherapy, Image-Guided / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: magnetic resonance imaging; prostate cancer; radiotherapy; target volume delineation