title: Gastric and ectopic varices.
abstract: Although often considered together, gastric and ectopic varices represent complications of a heterogeneous group of underlying diseases. Commonly, these are known to arise in patients with cirrhosis secondary to portal hypertension; however, they also arise in patients with noncirrhotic portal hypertension, most often secondary to venous thrombosis of the portal venous system. One of the key initial assessments is to define the underlying condition leading to the formation of these portal-collateral pathways to guide management. In the authors' experience, these patients can be grouped into distinct although sometimes overlapping conditions, which can provide a helpful conceptual basis of management.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Virginia Health System, PO Box 800708, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0708, USA.
authors.forename: Zachary
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Henry
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Virginia Health System, PO Box 800708, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0708, USA.
authors.forename: Dushant
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Uppal
authors.affiliation: Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, University of Virginia Health System, PO Box 800170, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
authors.forename: Wael
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Saad
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Virginia Health System, PO Box 800708, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0708, USA. Electronic address: shc5c@virginia.edu.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Caldwell
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000465:Algorithms; D021721:Balloon Occlusion; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003487:Cyanoacrylates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; D004932:Esophageal and Gastric Varices / Q000145:classification / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D006975:Hypertension, Portal / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D008026:Ligation; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications; D011168:Portal System / Q000196:embryology; D011169:Portal Vein; D019168:Portasystemic Shunt, Transjugular Intrahepatic; D014014:Tissue Adhesives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D003487:Cyanoacrylates; D014014:Tissue Adhesives
keywords: BRTO; Duodenal varices; Ectopic varices; Gastric varices; Portal vein thrombosis; Rectal varices; Splenic vein thrombosis; TIPS