title: Aetio-pathogenesis of breast cancer.
abstract: This is a literature review on the aetiology and pathogenesis of breast cancer, which is the most common cancer worldwide, and the second leading cause of cancer death, especially in Western countries. Several aetiological factors have been implicated in its pathogenesis, and include age, genetics, family history, diet, alcohol, obesity, lifestyle, physical inactivity, as well as endocrine factors. These factors act separately or together in the causation of breast cancer. More recently, triple negative breast cancer has been described in certain categories of patients and is associated with poorer prognosis and earlier recurrence compared with the conventional breast cancer. Therefore, adequate knowledge of these factors is important in identifying high risk groups and individuals, which will help in screening, early detection and follow-up. This will help to decrease the morbidity and mortality from this life-threatening disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Leeds University Teaching Hospital, Leeds, UK.
authors.forename: Imran Haruna
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Abdulkareem
keywords: Aetiology; breast cancer; early detection; interaction; multifactorial; pathogenesis; prognosis; screening