title: Proteome changes in platelets after pathogen inactivation--an interlaboratory consensus.
abstract: Pathogen inactivation (PI) of platelet concentrates (PCs) reduces the proliferation/replication of a large range of bacteria, viruses, and parasites as well as residual leucocytes. Pathogen-inactivated PCs were evaluated in various clinical trials showing their efficacy and safety. Today, there is some debate over the hemostatic activity of treated PCs as the overall survival of PI platelets seems to be somewhat reduced, and in vitro measurements have identified some alterations in platelet function. Although the specific lesions resulting from PI of PCs are still not fully understood, proteomic studies have revealed potential damages at the protein level. This review merges the key findings of the proteomic analyses of PCs treated by the Mirasol Pathogen Reduction Technology, the Intercept Blood System, and the Theraflex UV-C system, respectively, and discusses the potential impact on the biological functions of platelets. The complementarities of the applied proteomic approaches allow the coverage of a wide range of proteins and provide a comprehensive overview of PI-mediated protein damage. It emerges that there is a relatively weak impact of PI on the overall proteome of platelets. However, some data show that the different PI treatments lead to an acceleration of platelet storage lesions, which is in agreement with the current model of platelet storage lesion in pathogen-inactivated PCs. Overall, the impact of the PI treatment on the proteome appears to be different among the PI systems. Mirasol impacts adhesion and platelet shape change, whereas Intercept seems to impact proteins of intracellular platelet activation pathways. Theraflex influences platelet shape change and aggregation, but the data reported to date are limited. This information provides the basis to understand the impact of different PI on the molecular mechanisms of platelet function. Moreover, these data may serve as basis for future developments of PI technologies for PCs. Further studies should address the impact of both the PI and the storage duration on platelets in PCs because PI may enable the extension of the shelf life of PCs by reducing the bacterial contamination risk.
authors.affiliation: Service Régional Vaudois de Transfusion Sanguine, Unité de Recherche et Développement, Lausanne, Switzerland. Electronic address: michel.prudent@mavietonsang.ch.
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Prudent
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, Tuscia University, Largo dell'Università, Viterbo, Italy.
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: D'Alessandro
authors.affiliation: UMR_S949 INSERM, Université de Strasbourg, Etablissement Français du Sang-Alsace, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Cazenave
authors.affiliation: Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Dana V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Devine
authors.affiliation: UMR_S949 INSERM, Université de Strasbourg, Etablissement Français du Sang-Alsace, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gachet
authors.affiliation: Institut für Immunologie und Transfusionsmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Greinacher
authors.affiliation: Service Régional Vaudois de Transfusion Sanguine, Unité de Recherche et Développement, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Niels
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lion
authors.affiliation: Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schubert
authors.affiliation: Interfakultäres Institut für Genetik und Funktionelle Genomforschung, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: Leif
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Steil
authors.affiliation: Institut für Immunologie und Transfusionsmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Thiele
authors.affiliation: Service Régional Vaudois de Transfusion Sanguine, Unité de Recherche et Développement, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Jean-Daniel
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Tissot
authors.affiliation: Interfakultäres Institut für Genetik und Funktionelle Genomforschung, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Völker
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, Tuscia University, Largo dell'Università, Viterbo, Italy.
authors.forename: Lello
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zolla
mesh_terms: D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001771:Blood Banks; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000821:virology*; D001793:Blood Preservation / Q000379:methods; D011564:Furocoumarins / Q000737:chemistry; D006487:Hemostasis; D006801:Humans; D010272:Parasitic Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010777:Photochemistry / Q000379:methods; D020543:Proteome; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012256:Riboflavin / Q000737:chemistry; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D011564:Furocoumarins; D020543:Proteome; C118577:amotosalen; D012256:Riboflavin