title: Avicenna's contribution to cardiology.
abstract: Ibn Sina, known in the West as Avicenna, was the most famous and influential of all the Islamic philosopher-scientists. His most important medical works are the Canon of Medicine medical encyclopedia and a treatise on cardiac drugs. His Canon of Medicine remained the standard text in both the East and West until the 16(th) century. Avicenna's description of cardiac diseases was logically presented perhaps for the first time in the history of medicine. Avicenna was the first to describe carotid sinus hypersensitivity, which presents with vasovagal syncope. He was a pioneer in pulsology and the first correct explanation of pulsation was given by Avicenna, after he refined Galen's theory of the pulse. Besides, he discussed the action of available drugs on the heart in details and mentioned their indications and contraindications. In conclusion, Avicenna made important contributions to cardiology. This article describes some of his contributions in this field.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.
authors.forename: Mohammed A R
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Chamsi-Pasha
authors.affiliation: King Fahd Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chamsi-Pasha
keywords: Avicenna; Ibn Sina; cardiology; drugs; heart disease