title: Bleeding gastroduodenal ulcers in patients without Helicobacter pylori infection and without exposure to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A high risk of bleeding in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-negative, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID)-negative ulcers highlights the clinical importance of analysis of the changing trends of peptic ulcer disease. The aim of the study was to investigate the risk factors for ulcer bleeding in patients with non-H. pylori infection, and with no NSAIDs use.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study included patients with endoscopically diagnosed ulcer disease. The patients were without H. pylori infection (verified by pathohistology and serology) and without exposure to NSAIDs and proton pump inhibitors (PPI) within 4 weeks before endoscopy. After endoscopy the patients were divided into 2 groups: the study group of 48 patients with bleeding ulcer and the control group of 47 patients with ulcer, but with no bleeding. Prior to endoscopy they had completed a questionnaire about demographics, risk factors and habits. The platelet function, von Willebrand factor (vWF) and blood groups were determined. Histopathological analysis of biopsy samples were performed with a modified Sydney system. The influence of bile reflux was analyzed by Bile reflux index (BRI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Age, gender, tobacco and alcohol use did not affect the bleeding rate. The risk of bleeding did not depend on concomitant diseases (p = 0.509) and exposure to stress (p = 0.944). Aspirin was used by 16/48 (33.3%) patients with bleeding ulcer, as opposed to 7/47 (14.9%) patients who did not bleed (p = 0.036). Abnormal platelet function had 12/48 (25.0%) patients who bled, as opposed to 2/47 (4.3%) patients who did not bleed (p = 0.004). Patients with BRI < 14 bled in 79.2%, and did not bleed in 57.4% of the cases (p = 0.023). There was no statistical difference between groups in regards to blood groups and range of vWF. Antrum atrophy was found in 14/48 (29.20%) patients with bleeding ulcer and in only 5/47 (10.6%) patients who had ulcer without bleeding (p = 0.024).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Abnormal platelet function, aspirin use and antrum atrophy were the risk factors for ulcer bleeding in non-H. pylori, non- NSAIDs ulcer disease.
authors.forename: Brigita
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Smolović
authors.forename: Dejana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stanisavljević
authors.forename: Mileta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Golubović
authors.forename: Ljiljana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vucković
authors.forename: Biljana
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Milicić
authors.forename: Srdjan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Djuranović
mesh_terms: D001241:Aspirin / Q000009:adverse effects; D001791:Blood Platelet Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010437:Peptic Ulcer / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D010438:Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011706:Pyloric Antrum / Q000473:pathology; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D001241:Aspirin