title: Confirmation of 13 sulfonamides in honey by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for monitoring plans: validation according to European Union Decision 2002/657/EC.
abstract: A rapid and reliable liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous confirmation of 13 sulfonamides in honey was developed and fully validated in accordance with the European Commission Decision No 2002/657/EC. The validation scheme was built in accordance with the target level of 50μgkg(-1) for all analytes. The sulfonamides investigated were as follows: sulfaguanidine (SGN), sulfanilamide (SNL), sulfadiazine (SDZ), sulfathiazole (STZ), sulfamerazine (SMR), sulfamethizole (SMZ), sulfadimerazine (SDM), sulfamonomethoxine (SMNM), sulfamethoxypiridazine (SMP), sulfadoxine (SDX), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), sulfaquinoxaline (SQX) and sulfadimethoxine (SDT). Several extraction procedures were investigated during the development phase. Finally, the best results were obtained with a procedure using acidic hydrolysis and cation exchange purification. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a C18 analytical column. Matrix effects were also investigated. Data acquisition implemented for the confirmatory purpose was performed by monitoring 2 MRM transitions per analyte under the positive electrospray mode. Mean relative recoveries ranged from 85.8% to 110.2% and relative standard deviations lying between 2.6% and 19.8% in intra-laboratory reproducibility conditions. The decision limits (CCα) ranged from 1.8 to 15.5μgkg(-1). High resolution mass spectrometry was used to investigate the possible formation of sulfonamide metabolites in honey. The validation results proved that the method is suitable for the screening and confirmatory steps as implemented for the French monitoring residue plan for sulfonamides residue control in honeybees.
authors.affiliation: Residues and Contaminants Unit, Fougères Laboratory, ANSES (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), 10 B rue Claude Bourgelat-Javené, CS 40608, 35306 Fougères Cedex, France. Electronic address: estelle.dubreil@anses.fr.
authors.forename: Estelle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dubreil-Chéneau
authors.affiliation: Residues and Contaminants Unit, Fougères Laboratory, ANSES (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), 10 B rue Claude Bourgelat-Javené, CS 40608, 35306 Fougères Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Yvette
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Pirotais
authors.affiliation: Residues and Contaminants Unit, Fougères Laboratory, ANSES (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), 10 B rue Claude Bourgelat-Javené, CS 40608, 35306 Fougères Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Verdon
authors.affiliation: Residues and Contaminants Unit, Fougères Laboratory, ANSES (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), 10 B rue Claude Bourgelat-Javené, CS 40608, 35306 Fougères Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hurtaud-Pessel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D056630:Beekeeping; D001516:Bees; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods; D004350:Drug Residues / Q000032:analysis; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D005062:European Union; D006722:Honey / Q000032:analysis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000032:analysis*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D013449:Sulfonamides
keywords: Analysis; Antibiotics; Honey; Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS); Residues; Sulfonamides