title: Feeding glycerol-enriched yeast culture improves performance, energy status, and heat shock protein gene expression of lactating Holstein cows under heat stress.
abstract: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplemental common yeast culture (CY) and glycerol-enriched yeast culture (GY) on performance, plasma metabolites, antioxidant status, and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) mRNA expression in lactating Holstein cows under heat stress. During summer months, 30 healthy multiparous lactating cows (parity 3.25 ± 0.48; 60 ± 13 d in milk [DIM]; 648 ± 57 kg BW; an average milk yield of 33.8 ± 1.6 kg/d) were blocked by parity, previous milk yield, and DIM and randomly allocated to 3 dietary treatments: no supplemental yeast culture (Control), 1 L/d of CY (33.1 g yeast) per cow, and 2 L/d of GY (153.2 g glycerol and 31.6 g yeast) per cow. During the 60-d experiment, values of air temperature and relative humidity inside the barn were recorded hourly every 3 d to calculate temperature-humidity index (THI). Weekly rectal temperatures (RT) and respiration rates and daily DMI and milk yield were recorded for all cows. Milk and blood samples were taken twice monthly, and BW and BCS were obtained on d 0 and 60. In this experiment, THI values indicated cows experienced a moderate heat stress. Cows supplemented with CY and GY had greater yields of milk, energy-corrected milk and milk fat, and milk fat percent but lower HSP70 mRNA expression in peripheral blood lymphocytes than Control cows (P < 0.05). Supplementing CY and GY tended (P < 0.15) to decrease RT at 1400 h, increase milk protein yield and erythrocyte glutathione, and reduce plasma urea nitrogen compared with Control. Lower plasma NEFA concentration and HSP70 mRNA expression in peripheral blood lymphocytes (P < 0.05) and tendencies towards greater plasma glucose concentration (P = 0.11) but less BW loss (P = 0.14) were observed in GY relative to CY cows. In conclusion, either CY or GY supplementation partially mitigated the negative effects of heat stress on performance and HSP70 mRNA expression of lactating cows, and GY supplementation provided additional improvements in energy status and HSP70 gene expression of lactating cows.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State 39762.
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China khhuang@njau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D002417:Cattle / Q000502:physiology*; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D005990:Glycerol / Q000494:pharmacology; D018882:Heat Stress Disorders / Q000662:veterinary*; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006813:Humidity; D007774:Lactation / Q000187:drug effects; D011247:Pregnancy; D012621:Seasons
chemical_list: D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D005990:Glycerol
keywords: cow; glycerol; heat shock protein; heat stress; yeast culture