title: The role of tyrosine kinases in systemic lupus erythematosus and their potential as therapeutic targets.
abstract: The autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus is characterized by loss of tolerance to nuclear antigens. Breakdown of tolerance is associated with alterations in T-cell and B-cell receptor signal transduction, including increased protein phosphorylation that may underlie pathogenesis and explain the characteristic hyperactivity of T and B cells and other immune cells in active disease. Tyrosine kinases play a central role in signaling processes in cells known to be important in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Considerable progress has been made in understanding the function of tyrosine kinases in immune cell signaling pathways. In this review, we will summarize the function of tyrosine kinases and their novel inhibitors from studies made in animal lupus models and systemic lupus erythematosus patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Temple Autoimmunity Center, Section of Rheumatology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Wen-Hai
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: Philip L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Cohen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D018448:Models, Immunological; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases