title: Growth performance of immunologically castrated (with Improvest) barrows (with or without ractopamine) compared to gilt, physically castrated barrow, and intact male pigs.
abstract: The study used a randomized complete block design (blocking factor was date of start on test) with 5 treatments: 1) physically castrated barrows (PC), 2) intact males (IM), 3) gilts (G), 4) immunologically castrated barrows (IC), and 5) immunologically castrated barrows fed ractopamine at 5 mg/kg (IC+RAC). The study used 192 pigs and was performed from the 16 wk of age (67.2 ± 2.52 kg BW) to a pen mean BW of 132.5 ± 3.60 kg. For IC+RAC, ractopamine was fed for the final 23 d of the study. Pigs were housed in groups of 4 (10 groups for PC, IM, G, and IC and 8 groups for IC+RAC) in a finishing building at a floor space of 1.18 m(2)/pig. Diets were formulated to meet requirements of IM except that the diet for the IC+RAC fed during the ractopamine feeding period was formulated to meet requirements of pigs on that treatment. Pigs had ad libitum access to feed and water throughout the study period and were individually weighed at the start, wk 2 and 4, and subsequently every week until the end of study. For the overall study period, IC had greater (P ≤ 0.05) ADG than the other genders (1,150, 1,024, 1,064, and 954 g/d for IC, PC, IM, and G, respectively; SEM = 25.8) and required fewer days to reach slaughter weight than the other genders (58.1, 61.6, 61.6, and 66.5 d for IC, PC, IM, and G, respectively; SEM = 1.26). Overall ADFI was less (P ≤ 0.05) for IM and G than IC and PC, which were similar (P > 0.05) in this respect (3.11, 3.06, 2.68, and 2.75 kg/d for IC, PC, IM, and G, respectively; SEM = 0.061). Overall G:F was greater (P ≤ 0.05) for IM than the other genders; IC had greater overall G:F than PC and G, which were similar in this respect (0.371, 0.335, 0.397, and 0.347 kg/kg for IC, PC, IM, and G, respectively; SEM = 0.0068). Immunologically castrated barrows had greater (P ≤ 0.05) ADG (30.7%) and ADFI (22.5%) than PC from the second week following the second Improvest dose to the end of the study. During the ractopamine feeding period, IC+RAC had greater (P ≤ 0.05) ADG (11.6%) and G:F (17.3%) than IC. The results of this study confirmed previously observed gender differences and effects of ractopamine on growth performance and that IC grew faster and had greater feed efficiency than PC during the study period.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801.
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Puls
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rojo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Boler
authors.forename: F K
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: McKeith
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Killefer
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Gaines
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Matzat
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Schroeder
mesh_terms: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D009919:Orchiectomy / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D010627:Phenethylamines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012737:Sex Factors; D013552:Swine / Q000254:growth & development*; D022642:Vaccines, Contraceptive / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D010627:Phenethylamines; D022642:Vaccines, Contraceptive; C060897:ractopamine