title: Tumor necrosis factor α is associated with viral control and early disease progression in patients with HIV type 1 infection.
abstract: Inflammation in early human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) disease progression is not well characterized. Ninety patients with untreated primary HIV-1 infection were studied to determine associations of inflammatory proteins with early disease progression. High plasma tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) levels (≥8.5 pg/mL) were significantly associated with an increased viral load set point and shorter times to reaching a CD4(+) T-cell count of <500 cells/mm(3) and initiating antiretroviral therapy. The increased risk of reaching a CD4(+) T-cell count of <500 cells/mm(3) in the group with high TNF-α levels was driven by viral load but was independent of concurrent CD4(+) T-cell count. Thus, TNF-α appears to be an important mediator of inflammation in patients with poor viral control and early HIV-1 disease progression.
authors.affiliation: Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital.
authors.forename: Sagar A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Vaidya
authors.affiliation: Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Korner
authors.affiliation: Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge.
authors.forename: Michael N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Sirignano
authors.affiliation: Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge.
authors.forename: Molly
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amero
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital.
authors.forename: Sue
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bazner
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital.
authors.forename: Jenna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rychert
authors.affiliation: Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge.
authors.forename: Todd M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital.
authors.forename: Eric S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts;
authors.forename: Ronald J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Bosch
authors.affiliation: Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge Department of Viral Immunology, Heinrich-Pette-Institut, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Marcus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Altfeld
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood*; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
keywords: HIV/AIDS; TNF-α; disease progression; inflammation; viral load set point