title: Soya and isoflavone intakes associated with reduced risk of oesophageal cancer in north-west China.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To ascertain the association between soya consumption, isoflavone intakes and oesophageal cancer risk in remote north-west China, where the incidence of oesophageal cancer is known to be high.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control study. Information on habitual consumption of soya foods and soya milk was obtained by personal interview. The intakes of isoflavones were then estimated using the US Department of Agriculture nutrient database. Logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association between soya consumption, isoflavone intakes and oesophageal cancer risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  Urumqi and Shihezi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 359 incident oesophageal cancer patients and 380 hospital-based controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The oesophageal cancer patients consumed significantly less (P < 0·001) total soya foods (mean 57·2 (sd 119·0) g/d) and soya milk (mean 18·8 (sd 51·7) ml/d) than the controls (mean 93·3 (sd 121·5) g/d and mean 35·7 (sd 73·0) ml/d). Logistic regression analyses showed an inverse association between intake of soya products and the risk of oesophageal cancer. The adjusted odds were OR = 0·33 (95 % CI 0·22, 0·49) and OR = 0·48 (95 % CI 0·31, 0·74) for consuming at least 97 g of soya foods and 60 ml of soya milk daily (the highest tertiles of consumption), respectively, relative to the lowest tertiles of consumption. Similarly, inverse associations with apparent dose-response relationships were found between isoflavone intakes and oesophageal cancer risk.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Habitual consumption of soya products appears to be associated with reduced risk of oesophageal cancer in north-west China.
authors.affiliation: 1School of Public Health,Curtin University,GPO Box U 1987,Perth,WA 6845,Australia.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: 1School of Public Health,Curtin University,GPO Box U 1987,Perth,WA 6845,Australia.
authors.forename: Andy H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: 2National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre,University of New South Wales,Sydney,New South Wales,Australia.
authors.forename: Fenglian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: 3School of Medicine,Shihezi University,North 4 Road,Shihezi,Xinjiang,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Taotao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: 4Xinjiang Tumour Hospital,Xinshi,Urumqi,Xinjiang,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.affiliation: 1School of Public Health,Curtin University,GPO Box U 1987,Perth,WA 6845,Australia.
authors.forename: Colin W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Binns
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004032:Diet / Q000208:ethnology; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D019833:Genistein / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012306:Risk; D045730:Soy Foods / Q000032:analysis; D041942:Soy Milk / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D007529:Isoflavones; C004742:daidzein; C086566:glycitein; D019833:Genistein
keywords: Isoflavone; Oesophageal cancer; Soya foods; Soya milk