title: Serum vitamin D insufficiency is related to blood pressure in diabetic pregnancy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy has been associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia. However, the association between serum vitamin D and blood pressure in pregnant women has been scarcely evaluated, particularly in women with a high risk of developing hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. We sought to evaluate the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and blood pressure in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort of 184 pregnant women with GDM was followed during the third trimester of pregnancy and early puerperium. Blood pressure was recorded in all prenatal visits, and serum vitamin D was measured by chemiluminescence immunoassay. Pearson's coefficients and multiple linear regressions were used to study predictors of blood pressure levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women with vitamin D insufficiency (<30ng/mL; n = 159) had higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure than the remaining participants. In white women (n = 136), serum vitamin D levels presented a significant negative correlation with systolic blood pressure at the beginning (r = -0.268; P = 0.002) and at the end of the third trimester (r = -0.203; P = 0.02), and vitamin D significantly affected systolic blood pressure after adjusting for confounders. This was not observed in women of other ethnicities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this cohort of pregnant women with GDM, vitamin D insufficiency was associated with higher blood pressure, and in white women, serum vitamin D was an independent predictor of systolic blood pressure during pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; leticiasweinert@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Letícia S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Weinert
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology Department, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil;
authors.forename: Angela J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Reichelt
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil;
authors.forename: Leonardo R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Schmitt
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil;
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Boff
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Obstetrics Department, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Lúcia R
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Oppermann
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Endocrinology Department, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil;
authors.forename: Joíza L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Camargo
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Endocrinology Department, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil; School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil;
authors.forename: Sandra P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Silveiro
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003971:Diastole; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D046110:Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D016014:Linear Models; D011247:Pregnancy; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third; D012307:Risk Factors; D013599:Systole; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D
keywords: blood pressure; gestational diabetes; gestational hypertension; hypertension; hypovitaminosis D; preeclampsia; vitamin D.