title: Cause-specific mortality according to urine albumin creatinine ratio in the general population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Urine albumin creatinine ratio, UACR, is positively associated with all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease and diabetes in observational studies. Whether a high UACR is also associated with other causes of death is unclear. We investigated the association between UACR and cause-specific mortality.
  
  
  METHODS
  We included a total of 9,125 individuals from two population-based studies, Monica10 and Inter99, conducted in 1993-94 and 1999-2001, respectively. Urine albumin creatinine ratio was measured from spot urine samples by standard methods. Information on causes of death was obtained from The Danish Register of Causes of Death until 31 December 2010. There were a total of 920 deaths, and the median follow-up was 11.3 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multivariable Cox regression analyses with age as underlying time axis showed statistically significant positive associations between UACR status and risk of all-cause mortality, endocrine nutritional and metabolic diseases, mental and behavioural disorders, diseases of the circulatory system, and diseases of the respiratory system with hazard ratios 1.56, 6.98, 2.34, 2.03, and 1.91, for the fourth UACR compared with the first, respectively. Using UACR as a continuous variable, we also found a statistically significant positive association with risk of death caused by diseases of the digestive system with a hazard ratio of 1.02 per 10 mg/g higher UACR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found statistically significant positive associations between baseline UACR and death from all-cause mortality, endocrine nutritional and metabolic diseases, and diseases of the circulatory system and possibly mental and behavioural disorders, and diseases of the respiratory and digestive system.
authors.affiliation: Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark.
authors.forename: Tea
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Skaaby
authors.affiliation: Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark.
authors.forename: Lise Lotte Nystrup
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Husemoen
authors.affiliation: Section of Metabolic Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Tarunveer Singh
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Ahluwalia
authors.affiliation: Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark; University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rossing
authors.affiliation: Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark; Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Medicine, Alborg University, Alborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Torben
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jørgensen
authors.affiliation: Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark.
authors.forename: Betina Heinsbæk
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Thuesen
authors.affiliation: Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark.
authors.forename: Charlotta
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pisinger
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Roskilde University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark.
authors.forename: Knud
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
authors.affiliation: Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Allan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Linneberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality* / Q000652:urine*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000401:mortality / Q000652:urine; D002423:Cause of Death; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine*; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000401:mortality / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011159:Population Surveillance; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012042:Registries; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine