title: Time course of bronchial cell inflammation following exposure to diesel particulate matter using a modified EAVES.
abstract: Electrostatic deposition of particles onto the surface of well-differentiated airway cells is a rapid and efficient means to screen for toxicity associated with exposure to fine and ultrafine particulate air pollution. This work describes the development and application of an electrostatic aerosol in vitro exposure system (EAVES) with increased throughput and ease-of-use. The modified EAVES accommodates standard tissue culture plates and uses an alternating electric field to deposit a net neutral charge of aerosol onto air-interface cell cultures. Using this higher-throughput design, we were able to examine the time-course (1, 3, 6, 9, and 24 h post-exposure) of transcript production and cytotoxicity in well-differentiated human bronchial cells exposed to diesel particulate matter at levels of 'real-world' significance. Statistically significant responses were observed at exposure levels (∼0.4 μg/cm(2)) much lower than typically reported in vitro using traditional submerged/resuspended techniques. Levels of HO-1, IL-8, CYP1A1, COX-2, and HSP-70 transcripts increased immediately following diesel particulate exposure and persisted for several hours; cytotoxicity was increased at 24h. The modified EAVES provides a platform for higher throughput, more efficient and representative testing of aerosol toxicity in vitro.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
authors.forename: Brie
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hawley
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
authors.forename: Dave
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: McKenna
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marchese
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA. Electronic address: John.Volckens@colostate.edu.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Volckens
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D001980:Bronchi / Q000166:cytology*; D002244:Carbon / Q000032:analysis; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 / Q000235:genetics; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000235:genetics; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000633:toxicity*; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D055672:Static Electricity; D018675:Toxicity Tests / Q000379:methods*; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D000393:Air Pollutants; C508606:CXCL8 protein, human; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D016209:Interleukin-8; D052638:Particulate Matter; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D001335:Vehicle Emissions; D002244:Carbon; C569463:CYP1A1 protein, human; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1; C496541:HMOX1 protein, human; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human
keywords: Bronchial; CYP1A1; Diesel particulate matter; EAVES; IL-8; In vitro