title: Imaging features of growing teratoma syndrome following a malignant ovarian germ cell tumor.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To access imaging findings of growing teratoma syndrome (GTS), which is a rare complication of malignant ovarian germ cell tumor (GCT) after chemotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five patients met the criteria for GTS. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance images were retrospectively reviewed by 2 radiologists in consensus for margin, attenuation, and the presence of gross fat or calcification of GTS lesions, which were compared with primary GCTs regarding tumor composition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Growing teratoma syndrome lesions were characterized as follows: poorly circumscribed, diffuse peritoneal masses in 2 patients; well-circumscribed, localized peritoneal masses in 1 patient, and ovarian masses in 2 patients. Features more noticeable in GTS lesions were more prominent fatty components in 4 patients and purely cystic lesion in 1 patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Growing teratoma syndrome can be manifested as intraperitoneal masses with an increased fatty or cystic component. Radiologists should consider GTS when there are such masses on follow-up imaging studies in patients with malignant ovarian GCT.
authors.affiliation: From the *Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; †Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; and ‡Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Na Yeon
authors.initials: NY
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Deuk Jae
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.forename: Beom Jin
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Min Ju
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sung Bum
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Kyeong Ah
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jae Yun
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003287:Contrast Media; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D009373:Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015588:Observer Variation; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D010053:Ovary / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D010534:Peritoneal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D010537:Peritoneum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013577:Syndrome; D013724:Teratoma / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18