title: Self-reported utilization of mental health services in the adult German population--evidence for unmet needs? Results of the DEGS1-Mental Health Module (DEGS1-MH).
abstract: This paper provides up-to-date data on service use for mental health problems and disorders among adults aged 18-79 years in Germany derived from the Mental Health Module of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults (DEGS1-MH; N=4483). Data are based exclusively on self-report. Respondents were examined by clinically trained interviewers with a modified version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview DIA-X/M-CIDI to assess diagnoses according to the criteria of DSM-IV-TR. Service use, i.e. contact to mental health care services, due to mental health problems was assessed for the past 12 months and lifetime, by type of sector and type of institution. Among respondents with a 12-month diagnosis of a mental disorder, 23.5% of the women and 11.6% of the men reported any service use in the past 12 months. Service use depends on type of diagnosis, comorbidity and socio-demographic characteristics. Lowest 12-month utilization rates were found for substance use disorders (15.6%; lifetime use 37.3%), highest for psychotic disorders (40.5%; lifetime 72.1%). Further, a considerable time lap was found between disorder onset and subsequent service use among the majority of cases with anxiety and mood disorders. This paper provides self-reported epidemiological data on mental health service use in Germany, complementing administrative statistics and the predecessor mental health module of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey (GHS-MHS) from 1998. Despite considerable changes in the mental health field in Germany and the existence of a comprehensive mental health care system without major financial barriers, we find no indications of substantially higher utilization rates for mental disorders as compared to other comparable European countries. Further, no indications of major overall changes in utilization rates are apparent. To pinpoint areas with unmet needs, more detailed analyses of the data are needed taking into account type, frequency, and adequacy of service use and treatment of mental disorders. Appropriately matched comparisons with the GHS-MHS are needed to identify changes in patterns of utilization and interventions by type of disorder.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Center of Epidemiology and Longitudinal Studies (CELOS), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mack
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jacobi
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gerschler
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Strehle
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Höfler
authors.forename: Markus A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Busch
authors.forename: Ulrike E
authors.initials: UE
authors.lastname: Maske
authors.forename: Ulfert
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hapke
authors.forename: Ingeburg
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Seiffert
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gaebel
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zielasek
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Maier
authors.forename: Hans-Ulrich
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Wittchen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D015897:Comorbidity; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D008605:Mental Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D057566:Self Report; D017678:Sex Distribution; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: mental health care; service use; service utilization