title: Sources of self-efficacy and coach/instructor behaviors underlying relation-inferred self-efficacy (RISE) in recreational youth sport.
abstract: Interpersonal feedback from coaches may be instrumental in the formation of children's self-efficacy to learn or perform sport skills. We report on two studies that explored perceived sources of self-efficacy and relation-inferred self-efficacy (RISE) in one-on-one interviews with sport camp participants (N = 61; ages 7-12) and focus groups with recreational league participants (N = 28; ages 8-12). Participants' responses indicated that prior experiences and socially constructed interactions contributed to the development of self-efficacy and RISE beliefs. Results support Bandura's (1997) theorizing that self-efficacy is developed through processing of experiential feedback as well as Lent and Lopez's (2002) tripartite theory proposing interpersonal feedback from influential others contributes to children's RISE and self-efficacy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Paul D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Saville
authors.forename: Steven R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Bray
authors.forename: Kathleen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Martin Ginis
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cairney
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Marinoff-Shupe
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pettit
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D054874:Athletic Performance / Q000523:psychology*; D002165:Camping; D002648:Child; D005246:Feedback; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D011582:Psychological Theory; D036301:Qualitative Research; D020377:Self Efficacy; D013177:Sports