title: Combining d-cycloserine with motor training does not result in improved general motor learning in neurologically intact people or in people with stroke.
abstract: Neurological rehabilitation involving motor training has resulted in clinically meaningful improvements in function but is unable to eliminate many of the impairments associated with neurological injury. Thus there is a growing need for interventions that facilitate motor learning during rehabilitation therapy, to optimize recovery. d-Cycloserine (DCS), a partial N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor agonist that enhances neurotransmission throughout the central nervous system (Ressler KJ, Rothbaum BO, Tannenbaum L, Anderson P, Graap K, Zimand E, Hodges L, Davis M. Arch Gen Psychiatry 61: 1136-1144, 2004), has been shown to facilitate declarative and emotional learning. We therefore tested whether combining DCS with motor training facilitates motor learning after stroke in a series of two experiments. Forty-one healthy adults participated in experiment I, and twenty adults with stroke participated in experiment II of this two-session, double-blind study. Session one consisted of baseline assessment, subject randomization, and oral administration of DCS or placebo (250 mg). Subjects then participated in training on a balancing task, a simulated feeding task, and a cognitive task. Subjects returned 1-3 days later for posttest assessment. We found that all subjects had improved performance from pretest to posttest on the balancing task, the simulated feeding task, and the cognitive task. Subjects who were given DCS before motor training, however, did not show enhanced learning on the balancing task, the simulated feeding task, or the associative recognition task compared with subjects given placebo. Moreover, training on the balancing task did not generalize to a similar, untrained balance task. Our findings suggest that DCS does not enhance motor learning or motor skill generalization in neurologically intact adults or in adults with stroke.
authors.affiliation: Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri;
authors.forename: Kendra M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Cherry
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri;
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Lenze
authors.affiliation: Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri; Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri; and Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri langc@wustl.edu.
authors.forename: Catherine E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Lang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D003523:Cycloserine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D020521:Stroke / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D003523:Cycloserine
keywords: behavioral training; d-cycloserine; motor learning; stroke