title: Clonidine for management of chronic pain: A brief review of the current evidences.
abstract: Clonidine, an alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonist, has well-established role in acute perioperative pain management. However, recently it has found increasing use in chronic pain conditions as well. In this review, we systematically searched and analyzed the clinical studies from "PubMed," "PubMed central" and "Scopus" database for use of clonidine in the chronic pain. Quantitative meta-analysis was not possible as clonidine has been used in various patient populations through different routes. However, qualitative analysis of nearly thirty clinical studies provides some evidence that clonidine administered through epidural, intrathecal and local/topical route may be effective in chronic pain conditions where neuropathy is a predominant component. It may also be effective where opioids are of limited use due to inadequate pain relief or adverse effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Anil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Souvik
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maitra
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Puneet
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Khanna
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Dalim Kumar
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Baidya
keywords: Chronic pain; clonidine; neuropathy