title: Maturity indices in co-composting of chicken manure and sawdust with biochar.
abstract: Several maturity indices were evaluated for in-vessel co-composting of chicken manure and pine sawdust with three different biochars. All the seven mixtures (piles) contained chicken manure and sawdust. Six of these piles contained biochar; each biochar was added at two rates, 5% and 10% wet weight. The maturity of composts was assessed by C/N, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), seed germination, NO3(-)-N/NH4(+)-N, and the Solvita test. The C/N values of finished composts were from 31.5 to 35.7, which were much higher than the optimum value of 21 for matured compost. Nevertheless, the rest of the parameters indicated that the composts were matured. The C/N values were high because of the high amount of recalcitrant carbon present in the feedstocks: biochar and sawdust. Biochar treated piles showed higher respiration as well as decomposition of DOC indicating higher microbial activity. Use of biochar in composting may reduce NH3 emission and nitrate leaching.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation (CERAR), Building X, University Blvd., University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contaminants Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), Building X, University Blvd., University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia; School of Natural and Built Environments, University of South Australia, Building P, Materials Lane, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia. Electronic address: naser.khan@mymail.unisa.edu.au.
authors.forename: Naser
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: School of Natural and Built Environments, University of South Australia, Building P, Materials Lane, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia.
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.affiliation: Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Department of Soil Conservation and Waste Management, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Miguel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Monedero
authors.affiliation: Environmental and Natural Resource Management Consultants Pty Ltd, 59 Solomon St., Fremantle, WA 6160, Australia.
authors.forename: Syd
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shea
authors.affiliation: Scientific and Technological Bio-recourse Nucleus, BIOREN-UFRO, Universidad de la Frontera, P.O. 54-D, Temuco, Chile.
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Meier
authors.affiliation: Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation (CERAR), Building X, University Blvd., University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contaminants Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), Building X, University Blvd., University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia.
authors.forename: Nanthi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bolan
mesh_terms: D064751:Ammonium Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D002244:Carbon / Q000032:analysis; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000032:analysis; D002606:Charcoal / Q000737:chemistry*; D002645:Chickens; D018525:Germination; D029686:Lepidium / Q000254:growth & development; D008372:Manure / Q000032:analysis*; D009566:Nitrates / Q000032:analysis; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis; D012987:Soil; D013696:Temperature; D014934:Wood / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D064751:Ammonium Compounds; D008372:Manure; D009566:Nitrates; D012987:Soil; C540010:biochar; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D002606:Charcoal; D002244:Carbon; D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: Ammonia; DOC; Manure; Nitrate; Seed germination