title: I give you a cup, I get a cup: a kinematic study on social intention.
abstract: While affordances have been intensively studied, the mechanisms according to how their activation is modulated by context are poorly understood. We investigated how the Agent׳s reach-to-grasp movement towards a target-object (e.g. a can) is influenced by the other׳s interaction with a second object (manipulative/functional) and by his/her eye-gaze communication. To manipulate physical context we showed participants two objects that could be linked by a spatial relation (e.g. can-knife, typically found in the same context), or by different functional relations. The functional relations could imply an action to perform with another person (functional-cooperative: e.g. can-glass), or on our own (functional-individual: e.g. can-straw). When objects were not related (e.g. can-toothbrush) participants had to refrain from responding. In order to respond, in the giving condition participants had to move the target object towards the other person, in the getting condition towards their own body. When participants (Agents) performed a reach-to-grasp movement to give the target object, in presence of eye-gaze communication they reached the wrist׳s acceleration peak faster if the Other previously interacted with the second object in accordance with its conventional use. Consistently participants reached faster the MFA when the objects were related by a functional-individual than a functional-cooperative relation. The Agent׳s getting response strongly affected the grasping component of the movement: in case of eye-gaze sharing, MFA was greater when the other previously performed a manipulative than a functional grip. Results reveal that humans have developed a sophisticated capability in detecting information from hand posture and eye-gaze, which are informative as to the Agent׳s intention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. Electronic address: claudiascorolli@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Scorolli
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Massimiliano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miatton
authors.affiliation: School of Applied Physiology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Lewis A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Wheaton
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, National Research Council, CNR, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Anna M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Borghi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D005260:Female; D006225:Hand; D018737:Hand Strength / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D033182:Intention; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D012919:Social Behavior; D014953:Wrist / Q000294:innervation; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Affordances; Eye-gaze communication; Functional grip; Manipulative grip; Physical context; Social context; Social requests