title: Formulation and evaluation of guggul lipid nanovesicles for transdermal delivery of aceclofenac.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Most new drugs have low water solubility and liposome is an important formulation to administer such drugs; however, it is quite unstable and has negligible systemic absorption.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Aceclofenac nanovesicles were made using guggul lipid for formulating stable transdermal formulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Guggul lipid was formulated into vesicles along with cholesterol and dicetyl phosphate using film hydration method. The formulations were analyzed for physicochemical properties and stability. Then its skin permeation and anti-inflammatory activity were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both categories of vesicles (PC and GL) showed optimum physicochemical properties; however, accelerated stability study showed considerable differences. GL-1 was appreciably stable for over 6 months at 4 °C. Corresponding gels (PCG-1 and GLG-1) showed C max values at 4.98 and 7.32 μg/mL along with the Tmax values at 4 and 8 hours, respectively. GLG-1 inhibited edema production by 90.81% in 6 hours. Discussion. PC liposomes are unstable at higher temperature and upon longer storage. The formulation with higher lipid content (GL-1) showed good drug retention after 24 hours and appreciable stability both at higher temperature and for longer duration. Guggul lipid being a planar molecule might be stacked in vesicle wall with cholesterol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The composition of the nanovesicle played an important role in stability and drug permeation. Guggul lipid is suitable for producing stable vesicles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, I.T.S. Paramedical (Pharmacy) College, Muradnagar, Ghaziabad 201206, India.
authors.forename: Praveen Kumar
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Gaur
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
authors.forename: Shikha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
authors.forename: Vidhu
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Aeri
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D029744:Commiphora; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D004337:Drug Carriers; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D053149:Plant Gums / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D010936:Plant Extracts; D053149:Plant Gums; D004008:Diclofenac; C018562:guggulu extract; C056498:aceclofenac