title: Meta-analysis of clinical correlates of acute mortality in takotsubo cardiomyopathy.
abstract: The incidence and clinical correlates of acute in-hospital mortality of takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC) are not clear. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to consolidate the current evidence on acute mortality in TTC. We then assessed the impact of "secondary" TTC, male gender, advancing age, and catecholamine use on mortality. A comprehensive search of 4 major databases (EMBASE, Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, and Google Scholar) was performed from their inception to the first week of July 2013. We included original research studies, recruiting ≥10 participants, published in English language, and those that reported data on mortality and cause of death in patients with TTC. Of 382 citations, 37 studies (2,120 patients with TTC) from 11 different countries were included in the analyses. The mean age of the cohort was 68 years (95% confidence interval [CI] 67 to 69) with female predominance (87%). The in-hospital mortality rate among patients with TTC was 4.5% (95% CI 3.1 to 6.2, I2=60.8%). Among all deaths, 38% were directly related to TTC complications and rest to underlying noncardiac conditions. Male gender was associated with higher TTC mortality rate (odds ratio 2.6, 95% CI 1.5 to 4.6, p=0.0008, I2=0%) so was "secondary" TTC (risk difference -0.11, 95% CI -0.18 to -0.04, p=0.003, I2=84%). The mean age of patients dying tended to be greater than that in the whole cohort (72±7 vs 65±7 years). In conclusion, TTC is not as benign as once thought. To reduce the mortality rate, greater efforts need to be directed to the diagnosis, treatment, and ultimately prevention of "secondary" TTC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, University of Adelaide, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. Electronic address: kjaulakh@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Kuljit
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Adelaide, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Basil Hetzel Institute, Woodville, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Carson
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, University of Adelaide, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Ranjit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: The Madison Practice, Hornsby, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Gagandeep
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sawhney
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Fargo, North Dakota.
authors.forename: Balwinder
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Soroka Medical Centre, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel.
authors.forename: Ajay
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Parsaik
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Harel
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gilutz
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Adelaide, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Basil Hetzel Institute, Woodville, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Zafar
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Usmani
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, University of Adelaide, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Horowitz
mesh_terms: D014943:Global Health; D017052:Hospital Mortality / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends; D054549:Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy / Q000401:mortality*