title: Comparative study of repeatability of phenol red thread test versus Schirmer test in normal adults in Saudi Arabia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the repeatability of the phenol red thread (PRT) and Schirmer tests in healthy Saudi adults. Additionally, we compared the PRT mean value with those reported previously because of significant differences between Hong Kong-Chinese, Japanese, and US subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty healthy young Saudi adults (7 men and 23 women; 60 eyes) with a mean age of 22.37±2.31 years were recruited. Participants provided consent and completed a McMonnies questionnaire. Dry eye subjects were excluded based on this questionnaire and slit-lamp examination. Both eyes of each subject were examined using the PRT and Schirmer tests. Each test was repeated three times for each eye, five minutes apart. The PRT test was applied first, followed by the Schirmer test 15 minutes later under anesthesia to avoid any inconsistency of the measurements due to reflex tears.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The PRT and Schirmer tests both demonstrated good repeatability with no statistically significant differences. There was a poor correlation between the 2 tests (r=0.286). There was no statistically significant difference between OD and OS in the two tests. The mean PRT values in normal Saudi subjects were higher than those reported previously for Hong Kong-Chinese, Japanese, and US subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both the PRT and Schirmer tests displayed good repeatability; however, there was a poor correlation between the tests, as reported previously. The mean PRT value in normal Saudis was higher, when compared with those reported previously for other ethnic groups.
authors.affiliation: Cornea Research Chair (CRC), Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Masmali
authors.forename: Tahani A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Alqahtani
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alharbi
authors.forename: Gamal A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: El-Hiti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological / Q000592:standards; D015352:Dry Eye Syndromes / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D008297:Male; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013666:Tears / Q000378:metabolism*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D007202:Indicators and Reagents