title: [Bone graft reconstruction for posterior mandibular segment using the formwork technique].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pre-implant bone graft in posterior mandibular segments is difficult because of masticatory and lingual mechanical constraints, because of the limited bone vascularization, and because of the difficulty to cover it with the mucosa. The formwork technique is especially well adapted to this topography.
  
  
  METHODS
  The recipient site is abraded with a drill. Grooves are created to receive and stabilize the grafts. The bone grafts were harvested from the ramus. The thinned cortices are assembled in a formwork and synthesized by mini-plates. The gaps are filled by bone powder collected during bone harvesting.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The bone volume reconstructed with the formwork technique allows anchoring implants more than 8mm long. The proximity of the inferior alveolar nerve does not contra indicate this technique. The formwork size and its positioning on the alveolar crest can be adapted to prosthetic requirements by using osteosynthesis plates. The lateral implant walls are supported by the formwork cortices; the implant apex is anchored on the native alveolar crest. The primary stability of implants is high, and the torque is important. The ramus harvesting decreases operative risks.
authors.affiliation: Service de chirurgie maxillo-faciale et stomatologie du Pr Blanc, centre hospitalier La-Timone, 264, rue Saint-Pierre, 13385 Marseille cedex 5, France. Electronic address: dr.pascualdimitri@gmail.com.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pascual
authors.affiliation: 13, boulevard Lord-Duveen, 13008 Marseille, France.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Roig
authors.affiliation: Service de chirurgie maxillo-faciale et stomatologie du Pr Blanc, centre hospitalier La-Timone, 264, rue Saint-Pierre, 13385 Marseille cedex 5, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chossegros
mesh_terms: D000540:Alveolar Ridge Augmentation; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008341:Mandibular Prosthesis; D063175:Mandibular Reconstruction / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D017755:Prosthesis Fitting / Q000379:methods*; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Bone grafting; Dental implants; Greffe osseuse; Implants dentaires