title: Prevention of pulmonary embolisms associated with vena cava filter implantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the prevention of pulmonary embolism (PE) by the implantation of inferior vena cava filters (IVCFs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Data of 1058 patients treated for lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT) between January 2005 and January 2012 were analyzed retrospectively and divided into those with and without PE.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 1058 patients, 34 had PEs (3.2%) and 1024 did not. Multivariable analyses showed that PEs were less likely to occur in patients with IVCFs than in those without IVCFs (odd ratio [OR] =  0.028, P < 0.001), and were more likely to occur in patients with vena cava thrombosis than in those without vena cava thrombosis (OR =  19.094, P < 0.001). Analyses stratified by DVT site showed that vena cava thrombosis was the only risk factor of PE for patients with a left DVT (crude OR =  12.814, P < 0.001), and IVCF implantation was the only protective factor for PE for patients with a right or bilateral DVT (crude OR =  0.028, P =  0.001). IVCF patency rate for follow-up was 98.7% with no filter migration, declination, or failure of expansion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IVCFs can reduce the occurrence of PEs in patients with DVTs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Baoding City, Baoding 071051, Hebei Province, China hanbingmd@163.com.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Baoding City, Baoding 071051, Hebei Province, China.
authors.forename: Chang-Qing
authors.initials: CQ
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Baoding City, Baoding 071051, Hebei Province, China.
authors.forename: Hong-Guang
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Baoding City, Baoding 071051, Hebei Province, China.
authors.forename: Chen-Guang
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Baoding City, Baoding 071051, Hebei Province, China.
authors.forename: Guo-Hui
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Baoding City, Baoding 071051, Hebei Province, China.
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Baoding City, Baoding 071051, Hebei Province, China.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000628:therapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016306:Vena Cava Filters / Q000009:adverse effects*; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants
keywords: Deep vein thrombosis; indications; inferior vena cava filter; patency rate; pulmonary embolism