title: Deployment-related risk factors of low back pain: a study among danish soldiers deployed to Iraq.
abstract: Where much is known about the consequences of spinal and low back pain (LBP) during military deployments, there is lesser knowledge of risk factors for LBP among the deployed forces. The objective of this study was to identify deployment-related exposures associated with LBP. The study was a questionnaire-based cohort study among 1,931 Danish soldiers deployed to Iraq. Of the 680 respondents, 175 (26%) reported LBP. The population of respondents was adjusted for potential nonresponse bias. The associations between LBP and explanatory variables were analyzed using ordinal logistic regression models. Older age (p = 0.016), support from leaders (odds ratio [OR] = 1.69, p = 0.019), psychological stress (OR = 1.71, p = 0.009), awkward working positions (OR = 1.98, p = 0.001), and working in depots or storehouses (OR = 2.60, p = 0.041) were found to be associated with LBP after adjustment of all other variables. Combat and exposure to work, sport, or traffic accidents were not associated with LBP in this study, which was attributed to the characteristics of the actual mission. Preventive measures should include predeployment preparation of leaders to cope with LBP and other musculoskeletal trouble among their subordinates and involve medical personnel, especially deployed physiotherapists, by giving advice to soldiers of different military occupational specialties on how to optimize ergonomics at work.
authors.affiliation: Army Operational Command, Herningvej 30, DK-7470 Karup J, Denmark.
authors.forename: Lars Ravnborg
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Nissen
authors.affiliation: The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Frederiksberg Hospital, Nordre Fasanvej 57, DK-2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jacob Louis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Marott
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, DK-2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark.
authors.forename: Finn
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gyntelberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Medicine, Koege Hospital, DK-4600 Koege, Denmark.
authors.forename: Bernadette
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Guldager
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D054542:Iraq War, 2003-2011; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008889:Military Personnel; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult