title: Expanded Quality Management Using Information Power (EQUIP): protocol for a quasi-experimental study to improve maternal and newborn health in Tanzania and Uganda.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Maternal and newborn mortality remain unacceptably high in sub-Saharan Africa. Tanzania and Uganda are committed to reduce maternal and newborn mortality, but progress has been limited and many essential interventions are unavailable in primary and referral facilities. Quality management has the potential to overcome low implementation levels by assisting teams of health workers and others finding local solutions to problems in delivering quality care and the underutilization of health services by the community. Existing evidence of the effect of quality management on health worker performance in these contexts has important limitations, and the feasibility of expanding quality management to the community level is unknown. We aim to assess quality management at the district, facility, and community levels, supported by information from high-quality, continuous surveys, and report effects of the quality management intervention on the utilization and quality of services in Tanzania and Uganda.
  
  
  METHODS
  In Uganda and Tanzania, the Expanded Quality Management Using Information Power (EQUIP) intervention is implemented in one intervention district and evaluated using a plausibility design with one non-randomly selected comparison district. The quality management approach is based on the collaborative model for improvement, in which groups of quality improvement teams test new implementation strategies (change ideas) and periodically meet to share results and identify the best strategies. The teams use locally-generated community and health facility data to monitor improvements. In addition, data from continuous health facility and household surveys are used to guide prioritization and decision making by quality improvement teams as well as for evaluation of the intervention. These data include input, process, output, coverage, implementation practice, and client satisfaction indicators in both intervention and comparison districts. Thus, intervention districts receive quality management and continuous surveys, and comparison districts-only continuous surveys.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EQUIP is a district-scale, proof-of-concept study that evaluates a quality management approach for maternal and newborn health including communities, health facilities, and district health managers, supported by high-quality data from independent continuous household and health facility surveys. The study will generate robust evidence about the effectiveness of quality management and will inform future nationwide implementation approaches for health system strengthening in low-resource settings.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  PACTR201311000681314.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. claudia.hanson@ki.se.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hanson
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Waiswa
authors.forename: Tanya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Marchant
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marx
authors.forename: Fatuma
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Manzi
authors.forename: Godfrey
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mbaruku
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rowe
authors.forename: Göran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tomson
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schellenberg
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Peterson
mesh_terms: D002662:Child Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007229:Infant Welfare / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008427:Maternal Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008429:Maternal Welfare / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D058996:Quality Improvement / Q000592:standards*; D013636:Tanzania / Q000453:epidemiology; D014454:Uganda / Q000453:epidemiology