title: Transcriptional responses of bacterial amoA gene to dimethyl sulfide inhibition in complex microbial communities.
abstract: This study presented an approach by combining the real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction with the terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) to investigate transcriptional responses of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) to dimethyl sulfide (DMS) inhibition. Batch experiments with added ammonium and DMS were conducted using three activated sludges and Nitrosomonas europaea, and the transcriptional responses of the amo subunit A (amoA) mRNA were evaluated. It was found that DMS inhibited ammonium oxidation and amoA mRNA expression in all batch experiments but the inhibition degree observed was different for different sludges examined. It is likely that the different inhibitory effects of DMS on ammonium oxidation and amoA mRNA expression stemmed from different dominant AOB populations in the sludges. The T-RFLP results for amoA mRNA suggested that inhibition of ammonium oxidation by DMS to Nm. europaea-like AOB with T-RF 219/270 is relatively minor compared to other AOB populations in the examined sludges, such as Nm. europaea-like AOB with T-RF 491/491.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Toshikazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fukushima
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Sustainable Environment Research Laboratory (SERL), National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Research Center for Energy Technology and Strategy (RCETS), National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan. Electronic address: whang@mail.ncku.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Liang-Ming
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Whang
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ya-Ching
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Dyah Wulandari
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Putri
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Po-Chun
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Sustainable Environment Research Laboratory (SERL), National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Ju
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000332:Aerobiosis / Q000187:drug effects; D000693:Anaerobiosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D061249:Batch Cell Culture Techniques; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D064307:Microbiota / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012722:Sewage / Q000382:microbiology; D013440:Sulfides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013455:Sulfur / Q000032:analysis; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012722:Sewage; D013440:Sulfides; D013455:Sulfur; D009584:Nitrogen; C004784:dimethyl sulfide
keywords: AOB; Activated sludge; Nitrification inhibition; T-RFLP; mRNA