title: Surgical treatment of hemorrhoids: a critical appraisal of the current options.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Surgical treatment of hemorrhoids is still a dilemma. New techniques have been developed leading to a lower rate of postoperative pain; however, they are associated with a greater likelihood of recurrence.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To review current indications as well as the results and complications of the main techniques currently used in the surgical treatment of hemorrhoidal disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic search of the published data on the options for treatment of hemorrhoids up to December 2012 was conducted using Medline/PubMed, Cochrane, and UpToDate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Currently available surgical treatment options include procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids (PPH), transanal hemorrhoidal dearterialization (THD), and conventional hemorrhoidectomy techniques. Excisional techniques showed similar results regarding pain, time to return to normal activities, and complication rates. PPH and THD were associated with less postoperative pain and lower complication rates; however, both had higher postoperative recurrence rates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Conventional surgical techniques yield better long-term results. Despite good results in the immediate postoperative period, PPH and THD have not shown consistent long-term favorable results.
authors.affiliation: Ernesto Dornelles Hospital, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marlise Mello
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Cerato
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nilo Luiz
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Cerato
authors.affiliation: Ernesto Dornelles Hospital, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Patrícia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Passos
authors.affiliation: Ernesto Dornelles Hospital, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Treigue
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniel C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Damin
mesh_terms: D061865:Hemorrhoidectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D006484:Hemorrhoids / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans