title: Monitoring of the serum proteome in Kawasaki disease patients before and after immunoglobulin therapy.
abstract: Kawasaki disease (KD) is a systemic vasculitis that mainly affects children younger than 5 years. The causal pathogen is unknown, therefore specific diagnostic biomarkers and therapy are unavailable. High-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is considered as the most effective therapy to reduce the prevalence of coronary artery lesion (CAL) in KD; however, it has side effects. This study aimed to (1) determine whether IVIG therapy is effective at the molecular level; (2) provide the first serum proteomic profile of KD under IVIG therapy; and (3) screen for monitoring biomarker candidates. We extracted serum proteins from samples of healthy individuals and from KD patients before and after IVIG therapy, and employed two-dimensional electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry to identify differentially expressed proteins. The identifications were validated by Western blotting. We identified 29 differentially expressed proteins in KD patients and found that IVIG therapy restored most of these proteins to near-normal levels. Tracing the protein levels of single patients before and after IVIG therapy showed that the proteins, especially Transthyretin (TTR), are potential markers for therapeutic monitoring. Functional analyses of these proteins by PANTHER and String suggested that the key influence of KD lay in the immune system, which was targeted by IVIG.
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Hong-Ling
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Wei-Min
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Institute of Microbiology/State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ministry-Guangdong Province Jointly Breeding Base, Guangzhou 510070, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Chao-Wu
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hua
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Te-Chang
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Li-Jia
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Fen
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Shu-Liang
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Ying-Yan
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Gan
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China. Electronic address: de_dengli@163.com.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China. Electronic address: zhanggong@jnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Gong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D006801:Humans; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009080:Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011228:Prealbumin / Q000378:metabolism*; D020543:Proteome / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; D011228:Prealbumin; D020543:Proteome
keywords: Differentially expressed proteins; Intravenous immunoglobulin; Kawasaki disease; Proteome