title: Tetra-sulfonate phthalocyanine zinc-bovine serum albumin conjugate-mediated photodynamic therapy of human glioma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Glioma is the most common brain malignancy with poor prognosis. The current treatments for gliomas are mainly based on surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, which exhibit limited efficacy. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) using photosensitizers has been applied to glioma therapy. However, different photosensitizers usually lead to different therapeutic effects and adverse reactions.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study investigates the anti-tumor effect of photosensitizer ZnPcS4-BSA in xenograft glioma tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  The xenograft glioma tumor model was established by inoculating nude mice with U251 cells. Tumor growth was evaluated by tumor volume, weight, and inhibition rate. Cell apoptosis was evaluated using TUNEL staining. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and microvessel density were measured by immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant decreases in tumor volume and weight as well as significant increases in tumor inhibition rate, cell apoptosis, VEGF expression, and microvessel density were observed in mice in the low- and high-dose PDT groups compared to the control, irradiation alone, and photosensitizer alone groups. No significant difference in cytotoxicity was observed between control group and photosensitizer alone group. Photosensitizer ZnPcS4-BSA significantly inhibited xenograft glioma tumor growth through induction of apoptosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PDT using ZnPcS4-BSA may be effective for the therapy of gliomas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Dianshuang
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China chenxiangyu522@126.com.
authors.forename: Xiangyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Ke'en
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yiru
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Laser medicine laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yingxin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yiquan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ke
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Danhui
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D005910:Glioma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000737:chemistry*; D054833:Isoindoles; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine / Q000737:chemistry*; D013451:Sulfonic Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D015032:Zinc / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D007211:Indoles; D054833:Isoindoles; D013451:Sulfonic Acids; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; D015032:Zinc; C013647:phthalocyanine
keywords: VEGF; ZnPcS4-BSA; apoptosis; glioma; photodynamic therapy