title: Bile metabolism and lithogenesis.
abstract: Our understanding of bile metabolism and the molecular effects of bile acids has expanded in recent years. Bile acids, which are classically recognized for their involvement in dietary lipid absorption, are now known to be involved in many aspects of energy metabolism and disease processes in humans. Cholelithiasis, a consequence of altered bile metabolism, affects a significant number of American adults. An understanding of the disease process, risk factors, and complications of gallbladder disease is necessary for the development of novel targeted treatments and prophylactic therapies against the development of gallstones.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200 West Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: O'Connell
authors.affiliation: Surgery, Bioethics and Medical Humanities, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200 West Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA. Electronic address: kbrasel@mcw.edu.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Brasel
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism; D001646:Bile / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000502:physiology; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000150:complications; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000150:complications; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000150:complications; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000150:complications; D042882:Gallstones / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000502:physiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications; D015431:Weight Loss; D000099150:Receptor, Farnesoid X-Activated
chemical_list: D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D000099150:Receptor, Farnesoid X-Activated
keywords: Bile; Bile acids; Cholelithiasis; Gallbladder; Gallstones