title: Evidence for the presence of sex steroid hormones in Zhikong scallop, Chlamys farreri.
abstract: To obtain evidence of the presence of sex steroid hormones in mollusks, hormone variation in the gonads of the Zhikong scallop Chlamys farreri was analyzed using UPLC-MS/MS. These were found, as expected, with concentrations of estrone (E1), 17beta-estradiol (E2), and testosterone (T) in the testes ranging from not detected (ND) to 0.07 ± 0.10, ND to 3.10 ± 2.00, and ND to 2.67 ± 1.55 ng/g wet weight, respectively. In the ovaries, these hormones ranged from ND to 2.45 ± 1.22, ND to 27.90 ± 4.23, and ND to 2.38 ± 1.56 ng/g ww, respectively. The levels of T in males and E2 in females followed a trend similar to the gonadal-somatic index over the course of the reproductive period. In addition, the gene expression of vitellogenin and calmodulin-2 showed similar patterns to T and E2, while the estrogen receptors and calmodulin-1 did not. These results indicate that sex steroids are present in the scallop and that they may regulate endocrine functions during the reproductive process.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment & State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
authors.forename: Bing-Hui
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment & State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China. Electronic address: anlhui@163.com.
authors.forename: Li-Hui
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: An
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment & State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment & State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Key laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Qiang
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002147:Calmodulin; D004958:Estradiol / Q000378:metabolism*; D004970:Estrone / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008297:Male; D010053:Ovary / Q000378:metabolism*; D049897:Pectinidae / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013737:Testis / Q000378:metabolism*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002147:Calmodulin; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D004970:Estrone; D013739:Testosterone; D004958:Estradiol
keywords: Gonadal-somatic index (GSI); Sex steroid; UPLC-MS/MS; Zhikong scallop; gene expression