title: Phenolic composition, antioxidant properties, and endothelial cell function of red and white cranberry fruits.
abstract: The effects of phenolic constituents in red cranberry extracts (RCE) and white cranberry extracts (WCE) on the endothelial cell function were investigated. Peonidin-3-O-galactoside, cyanidin-3-O-arabinoside, and cyanidin-3-O-galactoside were the predominant anthocyanins characterized, whereas a procyanidin tetramer was the predominant proanthocyanidin identified. The antioxidant properties of RCE and WCE were not significantly different regardless of antioxidant assays (DPPH, FRAP, and TEAC) used. Both RCE and WCE induced the phosphorylation of Akt in vitro in human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVEC), resulting in the phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, cell migration, and tube formation. The enhanced phosphorylation of PI3/Akt kinase in HUVEC, endothelial cell wound healing, and tube formation elicited by RCE and WCE suggest that overall phenolic constituents rather than individual phenolic compounds within the cranberry matrix may be responsible for these biological effects.
authors.affiliation: U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 6502 South Archer Road, Bedford Park, IL 60501, United States. Electronic address: artemio.tulio@fda.hhs.gov.
authors.forename: Artemio Z
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Tulio
authors.affiliation: U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 6502 South Archer Road, Bedford Park, IL 60501, United States.
authors.forename: Joseph E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Jablonski
authors.affiliation: U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 6502 South Archer Road, Bedford Park, IL 60501, United States.
authors.forename: Lauren S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.affiliation: U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 6502 South Archer Road, Bedford Park, IL 60501, United States; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, United States.
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology, 6502 South Archer Road, Bedford Park, IL 60501, United States.
authors.forename: Indika
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Edirisinghe
authors.affiliation: Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology, 6502 South Archer Road, Bedford Park, IL 60501, United States.
authors.forename: Britt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Burton-Freeman
keywords: Anthocyanins; Antioxidants; Cell migration; Cranberry; Endothelial cell function; Flavonols; Phenolic acids; Phenolic compounds; Proanthocyanidins; Tube formation; p-Akt