title: Culture-sensitive adaptation and validation of the community-oriented program for the control of rheumatic diseases methodology for rheumatic disease in Latin American indigenous populations.
abstract: The purpose of the study is to validate a culturally sensitive adaptation of the community-oriented program for the control of rheumatic diseases (COPCORD) methodology in several Latin American indigenous populations. The COPCORD Spanish questionnaire was translated and back-translated into seven indigenous languages: Warao, Kariña and Chaima (Venezuela), Mixteco, Maya-Yucateco and Raramuri (Mexico) and Qom (Argentina). The questionnaire was administered to almost 100 subjects in each community with the assistance of bilingual translators. Individuals with pain, stiffness or swelling in any part of the body in the previous 7 days and/or at any point in life were evaluated by physicians to confirm a diagnosis according to criteria for rheumatic diseases. Overall, individuals did not understand the use of a 0-10 visual analog scale for pain intensity and severity grading and preferred a Likert scale comprising four items for pain intensity (no pain, minimal pain, strong pain, and intense pain). They were unable to discriminate between pain intensity and pain severity, so only pain intensity was included. For validation, 702 subjects (286 male, 416 female, mean age 42.7 ± 18.3 years) were interviewed in their own language. In the last 7 days, 198 (28.2 %) subjects reported having musculoskeletal pain, and 90 (45.4 %) of these had intense pain. Compared with the physician-confirmed diagnosis, the COPCORD questionnaire had 73.8 % sensitivity, 72.9 % specificity, a positive likelihood ratio of 2.7 and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.73. The COPCORD questionnaire is a valid screening tool for rheumatic diseases in indigenous Latin American populations.
authors.affiliation: Hospital General de México "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Ingris
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Peláez-Ballestas
authors.forename: Ysabel
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Granados
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Silvestre
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alvarez-Nemegyei
authors.forename: Evart
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Valls
authors.forename: Rosana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Quintana
authors.forename: Yemina
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Figuera
authors.forename: Flor Julian
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Santiago
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goñi
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: González
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Santana
authors.forename: Romina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nieto
authors.forename: Irais
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Brito
authors.forename: Imelda
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: García
authors.forename: Maria Cecilia
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Barrios
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marcano
authors.forename: Adalberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Loyola-Sánchez
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Stekman
authors.forename: Marisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jorfen
authors.forename: Maria Victoria
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Goycochea-Robles
authors.forename: Fadua
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Midauar
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chacón
authors.forename: Maria Celeste
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Bernardo A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Pons-Estel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044467:American Indian or Alaska Native / Q000523:psychology*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D032882:Comprehension; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D065246:Culturally Competent Care; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice / Q000208:ethnology; D006801:Humans; D007843:Latin America / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012372:ROC Curve; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012216:Rheumatic Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014175:Translating; D055815:Young Adult