title: Therapeutic interventions to reduce the risk of progression from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: Clinical trials have demonstrated that it is possible to prevent diabetes through lifestyle modification, pharmacological intervention, and surgery. This review aims to summarize the effectiveness of these various therapeutic interventions in reducing the risk of progression of prediabetes to diabetes, and address the challenges to implement a diabetes prevention program at a community level. Strategies focusing on intensive lifestyle changes are not only efficient but cost-effective and/or cost-saving. Indeed, lifestyle intervention in people at high risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been successful in achieving sustained behavioral changes and a reduction in diabetes incidence even after the counseling is stopped. Although prediabetes is associated with health and economic burdens, it has not been adequately addressed by interventions or regulatory agencies in terms of prevention or disease management. Lifestyle intervention strategies to prevent T2DM should be distinct for different populations around the globe and should emphasize sex, age, ethnicity, and cultural and geographical considerations to be feasible and to promote better compliance. The translation of diabetes prevention research at a population level, especially finding the most effective methods of preventing T2DM in various societies and cultural settings remains challenging, but must be accomplished to stop this worldwide epidemic.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Katia Cristina
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Portero McLellan
authors.affiliation: Division of Diabetes, Obesity and Lipids, Department of Medicine, The Methodist Hospital Diabetes and Metabolism Institute, and the Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wyne
authors.affiliation: Division of Diabetes, Obesity and Lipids, Department of Medicine, The Methodist Hospital Diabetes and Metabolism Institute, and the Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Evangelina Trejo
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Villagomez
authors.affiliation: Division of Diabetes, Obesity and Lipids, Department of Medicine, The Methodist Hospital Diabetes and Metabolism Institute, and the Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Willa A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Hsueh
keywords: T2DM; intervention; lifestyle; prevention