title: Outcome of single immediate implants placed in post-extraction infected and non-infected sites, restored with cemented crowns: a 3-year prospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the survival of immediate implants placed in postextraction infected and non-infected sites, restored with cemented crowns.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six implants were immediately placed in non-infected sockets (control group (CG), n=18), and in infected alveoli (test group (TG), n=18) that had been debrided, curetted, cleaned with 90% hydrogen peroxide, irradiated with yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser, and irrigated with a sterile solution. Guided bone regeneration was performed under antibiotic coverture. All study patients had both a CG and a TG site. The implant osteotomy sites were extended 3-4 mm beyond the apical extent of the sockets to achieve primary stability for the implants. The prosthetic phase occurred 4.5 months after surgery. Success criteria were accepted as the presence of implant stability, absence of a radiolucent zone around the implants, absence of mucosal suppuration, and lack of pain. Clinical evaluations were performed at baseline, and at 12, 24, and 36 months of follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All of the implants were osseointegrated 3 months after surgery. The 3-year survival rate was 94.44% for TG, and 100% for CG. The clinical and radiographic variables tested yielded no significant differences among groups at 36 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Under the tested conditions, immediate implant placement can be considered a predictable treatment option for the restoration of fresh postextraction infected sockets.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Immediate implants may be indicated for replacing teeth lost due to chronic periapical lesions with endodontic failure history when appropriate preoperative procedures are taken to clean and decontaminate the surgical sites.
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Seville (US), C/Avicena s/n, 41009 Sevilla, Spain.
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Montoya-Salazar
authors.affiliation: Department of Buccofacial Prostheses, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Pza. Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: raquel.castillo@odon.ucm.es.
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Castillo-Oyagüe
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Seville (US), C/Avicena s/n, 41009 Sevilla, Spain.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Torres-Sánchez
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, CF14 4XY Cardiff, Wales, UK.
authors.forename: Christopher D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Lynch
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Seville (US), C/Avicena s/n, 41009 Sevilla, Spain.
authors.forename: José-Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez-Pérez
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Seville (US), C/Avicena s/n, 41009 Sevilla, Spain.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Torres-Lagares
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002484:Cementation / Q000379:methods; D003442:Crowns; D003646:Debridement / Q000379:methods; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods*; D019250:Dental Implants, Single-Tooth; D019094:Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D016557:Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D053685:Laser Therapy / Q000379:methods; D053844:Lasers, Solid-State / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology; D010483:Periapical Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000601:surgery*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014081:Tooth Extraction; D020390:Tooth Socket / Q000382:microbiology / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide
keywords: Fresh-socket; Immediate implant placement; Periapical lesion; Postextraction infected alveoli; Postextraction non-infected site