title: Covalent binding of nanoliposomes to the surface of magnetotactic bacteria for the synthesis of self-propelled therapeutic agents.
abstract: The targeted and effective delivery of therapeutic agents remains an unmet goal in the field of controlled release systems. Magnetococcus marinus MC-1 magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are investigated as potential therapeutic carriers. By combining directional magnetotaxis-microaerophilic control of these self-propelled agents, a larger amount of therapeutics can be delivered surpassing the diffusion limits of large drug molecules toward hard-to-treat hypoxic regions in solid tumors. The potential benefits of these carriers emphasize the need to develop an adequate method to attach therapeutic cargos, such as drug-loaded nanoliposomes, without substantially affecting the cell's ability to act as delivery agents. In this study, we report on a strategy for the attachment of liposomes to MTB (MTB-LP) through carbodiimide chemistry. The attachment efficacy, motility, and magnetic response of the MTB-LP were investigated. Results confirm that a substantial number of nanoliposomes (∼70) are efficiently linked with MTB without compromising functionality and motility. Cytotoxicity assays using three different cell types (J774, NIH/3T3, and Colo205) reveal that liposomal attachments to MTB formulation improve the biocompatibility of MTB, whereas attachment does not interfere with liposomal uptake.
authors.affiliation: NanoRobotics Laboratory, Department of Computer and Software Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal , Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C3A7.
authors.forename: Samira
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Taherkhani
authors.forename: Mahmood
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mohammadi
authors.forename: Jamal
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Daoud
authors.forename: Sylvain
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Martel
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tabrizian
mesh_terms: D020561:Alphaproteobacteria / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism*; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D002234:Carbodiimides / Q000737:chemistry; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002469:Cell Separation; D004058:Diffusion; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D008081:Liposomes / Q000737:chemistry*; D008280:Magnetics; D051379:Mice; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D011485:Protein Binding
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002234:Carbodiimides; D004337:Drug Carriers; D008081:Liposomes