title: Accumulation of hexabromocyclododecane diastereomers and enantiomers in two microalgae, Spirulina subsalsa and Scenedesmus obliquus.
abstract: Selective accumulation and bioisomerization of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) diastereomers and their enantiomers have been reported in several aquatic organisms; however, these processes have not been evaluated in algae. In the present study, the accumulation of three HBCD diastereomers (α-, β- and γ-HBCD) was studied using two microalgae, Spirulina subsalsa and Scenedesmus obliquus, in the plateau phase for seven days. The accumulation ability of S. obliquus was greater than that of S. subsalsa, with steady state BCF values in the range of 390-469 and 174-350, respectively. For the three diastereomers, the accumulation trend of α-HBCD>β-HBCD>γ-HBCD was observed in S. subsalsa, whereas the accumulation trend of β-HBCD>α-HBCD>γ-HBCD was observed in S. obliquus. Contrary to the process typically occurring in fish, the bioisomerization from β- or γ-HBCD to α-HBCD was not observed in algae. α-HBCD exhibited selective enrichment of (+)enantiomer in S. subsalsa and (-)enantiomer in S. obliquus. No significant enantioselectivity was observed for β- and γ-HBCD. New metabolites, tetrabromocyclododecadiene (TBCDi) and tribromocyclododecatriene (TriBCDie), were observed in S. subsalsa for the first time, but these were not observed in S. obliquus.
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
authors.forename: Yanwei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China. Electronic address: sunhongwen@nankai.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Hongwen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
authors.forename: Hongkai
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
authors.forename: Yuefei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ruan
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agro-Environmental Protection, The Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China.
authors.forename: Xiaowei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005399:Fishes; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D007536:Isomerism; D058086:Microalgae / Q000378:metabolism*; D044444:Scenedesmus / Q000378:metabolism*; D053545:Spirulina / Q000378:metabolism*; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C089796:hexabromocyclododecane
keywords: Accumulation; Algae; Enantioselectivity; HBCD diastereomer