title: Broncho-Vaxom attenuates allergic airway inflammation by restoring GSK3β-related T regulatory cell insufficiency.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oral administration of bacterial extracts (eg, Broncho-Vaxom (BV)) has been proposed to attenuate asthma through modulating Treg cells. However, the underlying mechanism has not been fully characterized. This study sought to assess the effects of oral administration of BV on GSK-3β expression and Treg cells in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthmatic mice models.
  
  
  METHODS
  Asthmatic mice models were established with OVA challenge and treated with oral administration of BV. Next, infiltration of inflammatory cells including eosinophil and neutrophils, mucous metaplasia, levels of Th1/Th2/Treg-typed cytokines and expression of GSK3β and Foxp3 were examined in asthmatic mice models by histological analysis, Bio-Plex and western blot, respectively. Moreover, the frequencies of Treg cells were evaluated in cultured splenocytes by flow cytometry in the presence of BV or GSK3β siRNA interference.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found significant decrease of infiltrated inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in asthmatic mice models after oral administration of BV. Oral administration of BV was shown to significantly suppress mucus metaplasia, Th2-typed cytokine levels and GSK3β expression while increasing Foxp3 production in asthmatic mice models. Moreover, BV significantly enhanced GSK3β-related expansion of Treg cells in cultured spleen cells in vitro.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings provide evidence that oral administration of BV is capable of attenuating airway inflammation in asthmatic mice models, which may be associated with GSK3β-related expansion of Treg cells.
authors.affiliation: Allergy and Cancer Center, Otorhinolarygology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Ran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: Allergy and Cancer Center, Otorhinolarygology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Allergy and Cancer Center, Otorhinolarygology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Dehong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Allergy and Cancer Center, Otorhinolarygology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xianping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: Allergy and Cancer Center, Otorhinolarygology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Mengxia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Allergy and Cancer Center, Otorhinolarygology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yueqi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Allergy and Cancer Center, Otorhinolarygology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Weiping
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: Allergy and Cancer Center, Otorhinolarygology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Huabin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D002457:Cell Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D008297:Male; D008679:Metaplasia; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000009:adverse effects; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D000095983:Bacterial Lysates
chemical_list: D002457:Cell Extracts; D016207:Cytokines; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D010047:Ovalbumin; C030259:Broncho-Vaxom; D000095983:Bacterial Lysates; C498833:Foxp3 protein, mouse; C000605507:Gsk3b protein, mouse