title: A three-dimensional finite element analysis of short dental implants in the posterior maxilla.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluated the biomechanical behavior of short dental implants with different heights of residual bone and compared it with that of standard dental implants in 13 mm or less of residual bone by means of finite element analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  It was assumed that the maxillary first and second molars had been replaced with splinted cast gold crowns supported by two implants. A total of five posterior edentulous maxilla models were fabricated with various residual bone heights (13 mm, 7 mm, 6 mm, 5 mm, and 4 mm). Residual bone height was 13 mm in the group 1 model (control) and 7, 6, 5, and 4 mm in group 2-1, group 2-2, group 2-3, and group 2-4 models, respectively. In the group 1 model, two identical implants (4.5 × 11 mm) and abutments (6 × 2.5 mm) were placed. In the group 2 models, two identical wide/short implants (6 × 5.7 mm) and abutments (6 × 5 mm) were placed. Off-axis (30 degrees) loading of 187 N was applied to the central fossae of the two implant-supported crowns.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Maximum von Mises stresses in crestal cortical bone were lower in group 2 models than in the group 1 model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This numeric simulation confirmed that, without maxillary sinus bone graft, more effective stress distribution could be obtained in 4, 5, 6, or 7 mm of residual bone with short dental implants than in 13 mm of residual bone with standard dental implants.
authors.forename: Seijoong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sungtae
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hyunmin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Daegon
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.forename: Young-Bum
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: June-Sung
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.forename: Han Sung
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Keun-Woo
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001732:Bite Force; D003442:Crowns; D015921:Dental Implants; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006801:Humans; D008437:Maxilla / Q000503:physiopathology; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D057068:Periprosthetic Fractures; D059546:Sinus Floor Augmentation; D013314:Stress, Mechanical
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants