title: Expression of tissue factor in canine mammary tumours and correlation with grade, stage and markers of haemostasis and inflammation.
abstract: Tissue factor (TF) expression in human cancers has been associated with a procoagulant state and facilitation of metastasis. This study was conducted in order to evaluate if TF was expressed in canine mammary tumours. Forty epithelial mammary tumours from 28 dogs were included. TF expression of the tumours was evaluated by immunohistochemistry using a polyclonal antibody against recombinant canine TF. In addition, thromboelastography, haemostatic and inflammatory parameters were evaluated in the patients. TF was recognized in 44% of benign and 58% of malignant tumours. TF localized to the cytoplasmic membrane of neoplastic luminal epithelial cells and/or diffusely in the cytoplasm. No association was found between TF expression and stage or grade of disease. A significant association between TF expression and antithrombin and plasminogen was found, and extensive TF expression was seen in a lymph node metastasis classified as anaplastic mammary carcinoma from a dog with concomitant disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
authors.forename: E B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Andreasen
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Section of Pathology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
authors.forename: O L
authors.initials: OL
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.affiliation: Haemophilia Pharmacology, Biopharmaceuticals Research Unit, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tranholm
authors.affiliation: In Vivo Haemophilia Pharmacology, Biopharmaceuticals Research Unit, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Knudsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Kristensen
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000662:veterinary; D000818:Animals; D000991:Antithrombins / Q000378:metabolism; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D001777:Blood Coagulation; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000662:veterinary; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000502:physiology*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism*; D015674:Mammary Neoplasms, Animal / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010958:Plasminogen / Q000378:metabolism; D013925:Thromboplastin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000991:Antithrombins; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D010958:Plasminogen; D013925:Thromboplastin
keywords: dog; haemostasis; mammary tumour; tissue factor