title: Expression of the matrix metalloproteases 2, 14, 24, and 25 and tissue inhibitor 3 as potential molecular markers in advanced human gastric cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  During progression of gastric cancer (GC), degradation of the extracellular matrix is mediated by the matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs): changes in the expression of these have been related to unfavorable prognosis in GC.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the expression of certain MMPs and TIMPs in chronic superficial gastritis (SG) and GC.
  
  
  METHODS
  The expression of MMPs and TIMPs was determined using qRT-PCR; the expression was classified, using threshold cycle (C(T)) values, as very high (C(T) ≤ 25), high (C(T) = 26-30), moderate (C(T) = 31-35), low (C(T) = 36-39), or not detected (C(T) = 40). Strength of association was estimated between the proteins, which were detected by Western blot, and the risk of developing GC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found a high expression of MMP1, MMP2, MMP14, TIMP1, and TIMP3; moderate one of MMP9 and MMP25, and low one of MMP13 and MMP24 in both tissues. In absolute mRNA levels, significant differences were found in expression of MMP2, MMP24, and MMP25, which are overexpressed in GC compared with SG. The presence of the proteins MMP-14 and TIMP-3 was associated with the risk of developing GC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We consider that MMP2, MMP24, and MMP25 and the proteins MMP-14 and TIMP-3 could be candidates for prognostic molecular markers in GC.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Sciences Doctoral Program, Biomedical Research Center, University of Veracruz, 91190 Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.
authors.forename: Sol
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: de la Peña
authors.affiliation: Institute of Public Health, University of Veracruz, 91190 Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.
authors.forename: Clara Luz
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Sampieri
authors.affiliation: Public Health Master Program, University of Veracruz, 91190 Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.
authors.forename: Mariana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ochoa-Lara
authors.affiliation: Dr. Miguel Dorantes Mesa Hospital, 91130 Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: León-Córdoba
authors.affiliation: Medical-Biological Research Institute, University of Veracruz, 91700 Veracruz, Veracruz, Mexico.
authors.forename: José María
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Remes-Troche
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005756:Gastritis / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D019717:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D059467:Transcriptome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C088390:TIMP3 protein, human; D019717:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-3; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases