title: [The efficacy of permanent epicardial pacing in the treatment of pacing-dependent patients with cardiac device related endocarditis].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Permanent epicardial pacemaker is seldom used clinically and it is even less likely to be used for the treatment of seriously ill pacing-dependent patients with cardiac electronic device related endocarditis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively analyzed the feasibility and efficacy of permanent epicardial pacing for the treatment of 3 pacing-dependent patients with cardiac electronic device related endocarditis, who were treated by removal of all pacemaker devices and reimplantation of permanent epicardial pacing system combined with antibiotics. The reason of using epicardial pacing system was as follows: uncontrolled sepsis (case 1); big vegetation on the electrode of pacemaker and tricuspid valve but not a candidate for open heart surgery because of high operative risk (case 2); occlusion of superior vena cava (case 3).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 3 patients were cured with the treatment of extraction of infected pacing system, re-implanted permanent epicardial pacing system and antibiotics. The permanent epicardial pacemaker worked well during the 2-12 months follow-up period and there was no recurrence of infection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Permanent epicardial pacing is useful and efficient in treatment of seriously ill and high risk pacing-dependent patients with cardiac device related endocarditis.
authors.affiliation: Heart Center, People's Hospital, PeKing University, Beijing 100044, China.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Heart Center, People's Hospital, PeKing University, Beijing 100044, China.
authors.forename: Dezhi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Heart Center, People's Hospital, PeKing University, Beijing 100044, China.
authors.forename: Xuebin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Heart Center, People's Hospital, PeKing University, Beijing 100044, China.
authors.forename: Jihong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Heart Center, People's Hospital, PeKing University, Beijing 100044, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Heart Center, People's Hospital, PeKing University, Beijing 100044, China.
authors.forename: Shenglong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Heart Center, People's Hospital, PeKing University, Beijing 100044, China.
authors.forename: Dayi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial / Q000379:methods*; D004696:Endocarditis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome