title: Protective effect of Actiniopteris radiata (Sw.) Link. against CCl₄ induced oxidative stress in albino rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Actiniopteris radiata is a herb with great medicinal value and is evaluated for hepatoprotective activity. To investigate the protective effect of ethanolic extract of Actiniopteris radiata (EEAR) on CCl₄ induced oxidative stress in male Wistar albino rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  EEAR were administered for 8 consecutive weeks to rats. Group I - control; Group II - toxin control (30% CCl₄); Group III and Group IV received EEAR (250 and 500 mg/kg respectively). Antioxidant status in liver were estimated by determining the activities of the antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx); as well as by determining the levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and reduced glutathione (GSH). In addition, isoenzyme pattern and mRNA expression of the antioxidants were studied. Partial characterization of EEAR was performed by Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  CCl₄ induced oxidative stress as evidenced from increase in LPO along with reduction of SOD, CAT, GPx and GSH. Treatment with EEAR (250 and 500 mg/kg) mitigated the CCl₄ induced oxidative stress. An analysis of the isozyme pattern of these antioxidant enzymes revealed variations in SOD2, CAT, GPx2 and GPx3 in CCl₄ treated rats, which were normalized after EEAR treatment. Furthermore, expression of genes for the antioxidant enzymes, were down-regulated by CCl₄ treatment, which were reversed by EEAR. The results of partial characterization of EEAR by LC-MS revealed the presence of rutin and other 7 unknown phenolic derivatives.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest the protective effect of EEAR against CCl₄ induced oxidative stress might be attributed to the presence of flavonoids and phenolic compounds.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7011, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, India. Electronic address: manjunath.manubolu@slu.se.
authors.forename: Manjunath
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Manubolu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, India; Natural Products Research Centre, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand.
authors.forename: Lavanya
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Goodla
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, India.
authors.forename: Sivajyothi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ravilla
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu-hsing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jayakumar
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thanasekaran
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Food Chemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala 756 51, Sweden.
authors.forename: Paresh
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dutta
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7011, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Kjell
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Malmlöf
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, India.
authors.forename: Vijayasarathi Reddy
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Obulum
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride; D002374:Catalase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D029625:Pteridaceae; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D007527:Isoenzymes; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione
keywords: Actiniopteris radiata; Antioxidant enzymes; Carbon tetrachloride; Gene expression; Isoforms; Oxidative stress