title: An investigation of a hypothermic to ischemic ratio in patients following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest presenting with a shockable rhythm.
abstract: Targeted temperature management (TTM) improves outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). We hypothesized that there may be a significant relationship between the dose of hypothermia, the time to return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), and survival to discharge. Retrospective pilot investigation on 99 consecutive OHCA patients with initial shockable rhythm, surviving to admission, and undergoing TTM between 2008 and 2011. Dose of hypothermia was defined as the sum of the induction interval (time to target temperature [from ROSC to 33°C]); the controlled hypothermia interval (from reaching 33°C until rewarming); and the rewarming interval (from 33°C to 37°C). Time to ROSC was measured from pulselessness or 911 call time to ROSC. The ratio between the two was termed the hypothermic to ischemic ratio. Purposeful variable selection for logistic regression modeling was used to assess the influence of the hypothermic/ischemic ratio on survival. Odds ratios (OR) were used to examine the effects of predictor variables on survival. Of 99 patients, eight were excluded for deviation from protocol, death during protocol, or missing data. From the univariate models, survivors were more likely to be younger, have a shorter time to ROSC, and have a larger hypothermic/ischemic ratio. Survivors also had a nonsignificant trend toward a longer time to target temperature. In multivariable modeling, the hypothermic/ischemic ratio was the most significant predictor for survival (OR 2.161 [95% confidence interval 1.371, 3.404]). In this pilot study, the hypothermic to ischemic ratio was significantly associated with survival to discharge for patients with an initial shockable rhythm. Further investigation of the relationship between the dose of hypothermia and time to ROSC for postresuscitation TTM is needed.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Emergency Medicine, William Beaumont Hospital , Royal Oak, Michigan.
authors.forename: Kelly N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Sawyer
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Kurz
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Elswick
mesh_terms: D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced / Q000379:methods*; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D058687:Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest / Q000628:therapy*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome