title: A review of organic and inorganic biomaterials for neural interfaces.
abstract: Recent advances in nanotechnology have generated wide interest in applying nanomaterials for neural prostheses. An ideal neural interface should create seamless integration into the nervous system and performs reliably for long periods of time. As a result, many nanoscale materials not originally developed for neural interfaces become attractive candidates to detect neural signals and stimulate neurons. In this comprehensive review, an overview of state-of-the-art microelectrode technologies provided fi rst, with focus on the material properties of these microdevices. The advancements in electro active nanomaterials are then reviewed, including conducting polymers, carbon nanotubes, graphene, silicon nanowires, and hybrid organic-inorganic nanomaterials, for neural recording, stimulation, and growth. Finally, technical and scientific challenges are discussed regarding biocompatibility, mechanical mismatch, and electrical properties faced by these nanomaterials for the development of long-lasting functional neural interfaces.
authors.forename: Pouria
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fattahi
authors.forename: Guang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Gloria
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Abidian
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008839:Microelectrodes; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry; D058117:Neural Prostheses; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials