title: Uptake and accumulation of endosulfan isomers and its metabolite endosulfan sulfate in naturally growing plants of contaminated area.
abstract: Endosulfan isomers (α+β) and its main metabolite endosulfan sulfate were analyzed in naturally growing vegetation of pesticide contaminated area in Ghaziabad, India. Seven species of dominating plants were collected at different locations within the contaminated area. Endosulfan residues from plant parts and soil were extracted and determined by a gas chromatograph equipped with 63Ni electron capture detector (GC-ECD). Endosulfan isomers and endosulfan sulfate were present in almost all soil and plant samples. The concentration of total endosulfan in plant and soil samples analyzed ranged from 14 to 343ng g(-1) and 13 to 938ng g(-1) respectively. Out of seven plant species studied, Vetiveria zizanioides (Khus Khus) and Sphenoclea zeylamica (Chikenspike) showed the highest and lowest accumulation respectively, with a significant difference at p<0.01 level. Vetiveria zizanioides and Digitaria longiflora (Crab grass) could accumulate considerable levels of endosulfan isomers (α+β) (343 and 163ng g(-1) respectively) and endosulfan sulfate (21 and 2ng g(-1), respectively). The outcomes of the study reflect the value of test species in monitoring purposes and their potential for remediation of contaminated sites.
authors.affiliation: Eco Auditing Group, National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, U.P., India. Electronic address: singh_vini02@yahoo.co.in.
authors.forename: Vandana
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Eco Auditing Group, National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, U.P., India. Electronic address: nanditasingh8@yahoo.co.in.
authors.forename: Nandita
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D049930:Chrysopogon / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D004726:Endosulfan / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D007194:India; D007536:Isomerism; D010944:Plants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; C544689:endosulfan sulfate; D004726:Endosulfan
keywords: Accumulation potential; Bioaccumulation; Endosulfan; Organic pollutants; Persistence; Remediation