title: Real-time in vivo quantitative monitoring of drug release by dual-mode magnetic resonance and upconverted luminescence imaging.
abstract: Insufficient or excess drug doses, due to unknown actual drug concentrations at the focus, are one of the main causes of chemotherapy failure for cancers. In this regard, the real-time monitoring of the release of anticancer drugs from nanoparticle drug delivery systems is of crucial importance, but it remains a critical and unsolved challenge. Herein, we report the proposal and development of a novel concept of real-time monitoring of NIR-triggered drug release in vitro and in vivo by using simultaneous upconverted luminescence (UCL) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Such a monitoring strategy features the high sensitivity of UCL and the high-resolution, noninvasiveness, and tissue-depth-independence of MR imaging. The dual-mode real-time and quantitative monitoring of drug release can be applied to determine online the drug concentrations in vivo in the tissue regions of interest and, therefore, to avoid insufficient or excess drug dosings.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Ding-xi Road, Shanghai 200050 (China).
authors.forename: Jianan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jiwen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bu
authors.forename: Wenbo
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bu
authors.forename: Shengjian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Limin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Wenpei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Liangpin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Weijun
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Kuaile
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Jiulin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Jianlin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shi
mesh_terms: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects*; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D065546:Drug Liberation; D005682:Gadolinium / Q000737:chemistry; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008163:Luminescent Measurements / Q000379:methods*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D053761:Nanocomposites / Q000737:chemistry; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D004317:Doxorubicin; D005682:Gadolinium
keywords: LRET; drug delivery; imaging; nanoparticles; sensing