title: Antifungal susceptibility patterns of opportunistic fungi in the genera Verruconis and Ochroconis.
abstract: Species of Verruconis and species of Ochroconis are dematiaceous fungi generally found in the environment but having the ability to infect humans, dogs, cats, poultry, and fish. This study presents the antifungal susceptibility patterns of these fungi at the species level. Forty strains originating from clinical and environmental sources were phylogenetically identified at the species level by using sequences of the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (rDNA ITS). In vitro antifungal susceptibility testing was performed against eight antifungals, using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) broth microdilution method. The geometric mean MICs for amphotericin B (AMB), flucytosine (5FC), fluconazole (FLC), itraconazole (ITC), voriconazole (VRC), and posaconazole (POS) and minimum effective concentrations (MECs) for caspofungin (CAS) and anidulafungin (AFG) across the Ochroconis and Verruconis species were as follows, in increasing order. For Verruconis species, the values (μg/ml) were as follows: AFG, 0.04; POS, 0.25; ITC, 0.37; AMB, 0.50; CAS, 0.65; VRC, 0.96; 5FC, 10.45; and FLC, 47.25. For Ochroconis species, the values (μg/ml) were as follows: AFG, 0.06; POS, 0.11; CAS, 0.67; VRC, 2.76; ITC, 3.94; AMB, 5.68; 5FC, 34.48; and FLC, 61.33. Antifungal susceptibility of Ochroconis and Verruconis was linked with phylogenetic distance and thermotolerance. Echinocandins and POS showed the greatest in vitro activity, providing possible treatment options for Ochroconis and Verruconis infections.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands Invasive Fungi Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran S.Seyedmousavi@gmail.com.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Seyedmousavi
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Samerpitak
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: A J M M
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Rijs
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: W J G
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Melchers
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Mouton
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Verweij
authors.affiliation: CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Peking University Health Science Center, Research Center for Medical Mycology, Beijing, China Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China Shanghai Institute of Medical Mycology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China Basic Pathology Department, Federal University of Paraná State, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil King Abdullassiz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: de Hoog
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001203:Ascomycota / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer / Q000235:genetics; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D003904:Mitosporic Fungi / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D009181:Mycoses / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D004271:DNA, Fungal; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer