title: Withholding or termination of resuscitation in pediatric out-of-hospital traumatic cardiopulmonary arrest.
abstract: This multiorganizational literature review was undertaken to provide an evidence base for determining whether recommendations for out-of-hospital termination of resuscitation could be made for children who are victims of traumatic cardiopulmonary arrest. Although there is increasing acceptance of out-of-hospital termination of resuscitation for adult traumatic cardiopulmonary arrest when there is no expectation of a good outcome, children are routinely excluded from state termination-of-resuscitation protocols. The decision to withhold resuscitative efforts in a child under specific circumstances (decapitation or dependent lividity, rigor mortis, etc) is reasonable. If there is any doubt as to the circumstances or timing of the traumatic cardiopulmonary arrest, under the current status of limiting termination of resuscitation in the field to persons older than 18 years in most states, resuscitation should be initiated and continued until arrival to the appropriate facility. If the patient has arrested, resuscitation has already exceeded 30 minutes, and the nearest facility is more than 30 minutes away, involvement of parents and family of these children in the decision-making process with assistance and guidance from medical professionals should be considered as part of an emphasis on family-centered care because the evidence suggests that either death or a poor outcome is inevitable.
authors.forename: Mary E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Fallat
mesh_terms: D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D058687:Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D013898:Thoracic Injuries / Q000150:complications; D028761:Withholding Treatment; D014949:Wounds, Nonpenetrating / Q000150:complications
keywords: adolescent; advanced life support; basic life support; blunt trauma; cardiopulmonary resuscitation; cardiorespiratory arrest; children; emergency medical services; out-of-hospital cardiac arrest; out-of-hospital termination of resuscitation; outcome; resuscitative thoracotomy; survival; traumatic cardiopulmonary arrest