title: Computed tomography for the diagnosis of mandibular invasion caused by head and neck cancer: a systematic review comparing contrast-enhanced and plain computed tomography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To detect the diagnostic efficacy of computed tomography (CT) in distinguishing mandibular invasion caused by head and neck cancer and to compare the accuracy of contrast-enhanced and plain CT in the diagnosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Studies designed as cohort studies that detected the diagnostic efficacy of CT on mandibular invasion (including bone cortex and bone marrow invasion) and mandibular medullary alone (bone marrow invasion) were included. The included studies were required to use the pathologic diagnosis as the reference standard and reported true-positive, false-positive, false-negative, true-positive, and related data. Thirteen databases were electronically and manually searched to retrieve any possible related studies. Two reviewers independently conducted the study inclusion, data extraction, and assessment of the quality of the included studies. Meta-diSc, version 1.4, and STATA, version 11.0, were used to conduct the meta-analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 30 studies with 1459 patients were included in the present study. Of those patients, 1,257 underwent CT and were accounted for in the meta-analysis. Of the included studies, 1 had a low risk and 6 had a high risk of bias; 23 studies had an unclear risk of bias. Meta-regression showed that the slight clinical heterogeneity did not influence the outcome (P > .10). The meta-analysis showed that CT for the diagnosis of mandibular invasion had a pooled sensitivity of 0.72, specificity of 0.90, positive likelihood ratio (+LR) of 5.33, negative likelihood ratio (-LR) of 0.36, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) of 21.41, area under the curve (AUC) of 0.9022, and Q* (the value of the sensitivity or specificity when the sensitivity equals the specificity on the summary receiver operating characteristics curve) of 0.8336. The CT findings for mandibular medullar invasion had a sensitivity of 0.81, specificity of 0.85, +LR of 4.76, -LR of 0.24, DOR of 29.49, AUC of 0.9240, and Q* of 0.8580. No statistical significance was found in the sensitivity (P = .809), specificity (P = .27), AUC (P = .4296), and Q* (P = .4277) between the contrast-enhanced and plain CT scans.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present clinical evidence has shown that CT had an acceptable diagnostic value in detecting mandibular invasion caused by head and neck cancer. The high specificity of CT predicted it would be helpful when it was used to confirm the clinical diagnosis of bone invasion. Contrast-enhanced and plain CT scans had a similar diagnostic efficacy.
authors.affiliation: Attending Physician and Lecturer, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Chunjie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Attending Physician and Lecturer, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Men
authors.affiliation: PhD Candidate, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Wenbin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Professor and Director, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: PhD Candidate, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Professor and Director, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. Electronic address: muzili63@163.com.
authors.forename: Longjiang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D003287:Contrast Media; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008334:Mandible / Q000473:pathology*; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media