title: The biology of distraction osteogenesis for correction of mandibular and craniomaxillofacial defects: A review.
abstract: Limb lengthening by distraction osteogenesis was first described in 1905. The technique did not gain wide acceptance until Gavril Ilizarov identified the physiologic and mechanical factors governing successful regeneration of bone formation. Distraction osteogenesis is a new variation of more traditional orthognathic surgical procedure for the correction of dentofacial deformities. It is most commonly used for the correction of more severe deformities and syndromes of both the maxilla and the mandible and can also be used in children at ages previously untreatable. The basic technique includes surgical fracture of deformed bone, insertion of device, 5-7 days rest, and gradual separation of bony segments by subsequent activation at the rate of 1 mm per day, followed by an 8-12 weeks consolidation phase. This allows surgeons, the lengthening and reshaping of deformed bone. The aim of this paper is to review the principle, technical considerations, applications and limitations of distraction osteogenesis. The application of osteodistraction offers novel solutions for surgical-orthodontic management of developmental anomalies of the craniofacial skeleton as bone may be molded into different shapes along with the soft tissue component gradually thereby resulting in less relapse.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Career Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Subodh Shankar
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Natu
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Career Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Iqbal
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Dental Sciences, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Sarwar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alam
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Dental Sciences, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Kolli Yada
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Giri
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Vananchal Dental College and Hospital, Garhwa, Jharkhand, India.
authors.forename: Anshita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, Career Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Vrishali Ajit
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Kulkarni
keywords: Biomechanics; callostasis; distraction histogenesis; distraction osteogenesis; mechanical strain; osteodistraction; vector