title: Long-term adherence to the New Nordic Diet and the effects on body weight, anthropometry and blood pressure: a 12-month follow-up study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The New Nordic Diet (NND) has induced weight loss in a 26-week controlled intervention. We aim to investigate whether high compliance and satisfaction can be maintained after the active intervention is discontinued thereby maintaining the health effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  After 26 weeks of intervention with NND or Average Danish Diet (ADD), 147 participants (mean age 43 years and mean BMI 29.1 kg/m²) were followed for further 52 weeks. All participants were encouraged to follow NND but without further guidance. The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, study id NCT01195610.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and ten participants (75%) completed the follow-up. Among participants previously randomised to NND (NND group), dietary compliance and satisfaction decreased from 4.3 to 3.0 and from 4.8 to 4.0, respectively (both p < 0.0001) (1-5 point scale). Among those originally randomised to ADD (ADD group), satisfaction with NND was significantly higher than with ADD during follow-up (3.3 vs. 2.5, p = 0.026). Weight losses during intervention of -6.2 kg and -3.0 kg were followed by regains of 4.6 kg (SE 0.5) and 1.1 kg (SE 0.7) for the NND group and ADD group, respectively [adjusted difference; mean (95 % CI): 1.8 kg (0.1-3.4), p = 0.041]. Across diet groups, every 1 score higher in compliance with NND was associated with 0.90 kg less body weight regain (p = 0.026) and those who increased physical activity regained 3.4 kg less compared to those who did not (p < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NND provides higher satisfaction, and body weight regain is reduced with higher compliance with NND and increased physical activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, 1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark, skp@life.ku.dk.
authors.forename: Sanne Kellebjerg
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Poulsen
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Crone
authors.forename: Arne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Astrup
authors.forename: Thomas Meinert
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Larsen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy; D057194:Intention to Treat Analysis; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D018673:Nutrition Policy; D050177:Overweight / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000208:ethnology; D010352:Patient Dropouts; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D058246:Prehypertension / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy; D012008:Recurrence; D012306:Risk