title: Polymorphism of circadian clock genes and temperamental dimensions of the TEMPS-A in bipolar disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previously, we found correlations between lithium efficacy in bipolar disorder and temperamental dimensions of the TEMPS-A and also genes involved in the regulation of biological rhythms ("clock" genes). Here, were attempted to investigate an association between multiple, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of four clock genes (CLOCK, ARNTL, TIM, PER3) and temperamental dimensions of the TEMPS-A, in bipolar patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 70 patients with bipolar disorder (20 males, 50 females), with a mean age of 59±12 years. The TEMPS-A questionnaire, 110 questions version, was used assessing five temperament domains: depressive, cyclothymic, hyperthymic, irritable and anxious. Genotyping was done for 9 SNPs of the CLOCK gene, 18 SNPs of the ARNTL gene, 6 SNPs of the TIM gene and 5 SNPs of the PER3 gene.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An association with hyperthymic temperament was found for three, and with anxious temperament for four SNPs of the ARTL gene. An association of cyclothymic temperament was found with two SNPs of the TIM gene and of depressive temperament with one SNP of the PER3 gene. No association was observed with SNPs of the CLOCK gene.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Relatively small number of patients studied and insufficient correction for multiple testing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results may suggest that the ARNTL, TIM and PER3 genes may be associated with temperamental dimensions measured by the TEMPS-A, each of this gene being specific to given temperamental dimension. Of special interest may be the polymorphisms of ARNTL gene also connected with predisposition to bipolar mood disorder and/or lithium response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland. Electronic address: janusz.rybakowski@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Janusz K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Rybakowski
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Psychiatric Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dmitrzak-Weglarz
authors.affiliation: Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
authors.forename: Daria
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dembinska-Krajewska
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Psychiatric Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hauser
authors.affiliation: International Mood Center, Paris, France and La Jolla, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Karen K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Akiskal
authors.affiliation: International Mood Center, Paris, France and La Jolla, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Hagop H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Akiskal
mesh_terms: D056930:ARNTL Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics; D000368:Aged; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology*; D056926:CLOCK Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D057906:Circadian Clocks / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D056950:Period Circadian Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D010555:Personality Inventory; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013694:Temperament
chemical_list: D056930:ARNTL Transcription Factors; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C512644:PER3 protein, human; D056950:Period Circadian Proteins; C509769:TIMELESS protein, human; D056926:CLOCK Proteins; C538943:CLOCK protein, human
keywords: Bipolar disorder; Clock genes; TEMPS-A; Temperament