title: Deafness gene expression patterns in the mouse cochlea found by microarray analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tonotopy is one of the most fundamental principles of auditory function. While gradients in various morphological and physiological characteristics of the cochlea have been reported, little information is available on gradient patterns of gene expression. In addition, the audiograms in autosomal dominant non syndromic hearing loss can be distinctive, however, the mechanism that accounts for that has not been clarified. We thought that it is possible that tonotopic gradients of gene expression within the cochlea account for the distinct audiograms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We compared expression profiles of genes in the cochlea between the apical, middle, and basal turns of the mouse cochlea by microarray technology and quantitative RT-PCR. Of 24,547 genes, 783 annotated genes expressed more than 2-fold. The most remarkable finding was a gradient of gene expression changes in four genes (Pou4f3, Slc17a8, Tmc1, and Crym) whose mutations cause autosomal dominant deafness. Expression of these genes was greater in the apex than in the base. Interestingly, expression of the Emilin-2 and Tectb genes, which may have crucial roles in the cochlea, was also greater in the apex than in the base.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides baseline data of gradient gene expression in the cochlea. Especially for genes whose mutations cause autosomal dominant non syndromic hearing loss (Pou4f3, Slc17a8, Tmc1, and Crym) as well as genes important for cochlear function (Emilin-2 and Tectb), gradual expression changes may help to explain the various pathological conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidekane
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan.
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takumi
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan.
authors.forename: Shin-ya
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Nishio
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuyoshi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoh-ichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iwasa
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan.
authors.forename: Shin-ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Usami
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000235:genetics; D003051:Cochlea / Q000378:metabolism*; D019295:Computational Biology; D003638:Deafness / Q000235:genetics*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D051379:Mice; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000235:genetics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D015222:Sodium Channels / Q000235:genetics; D059467:Transcriptome; D000090803:mu-Crystallins
chemical_list: D015220:Calcium Channels; C000716470:Crym protein, mouse; D015221:Potassium Channels; D015222:Sodium Channels; D000090803:mu-Crystallins