title: Where, when and what? A time study of surgeons' work in urology.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Staff time is a relevant resource in the delivery of health care interventions. Its measurement is a prerequisite for unit costing but usually complex. The aim of this study was to analyse the distribution of surgeons' work time among types and places of activities. A second aim was to use these data to calculate costs per unit of output.
  
  
  METHODS
  A self-reporting work sampling study was carried out at a department of Urology. All of twelve surgeons involved in clinical care participated in a two-week analysis of their work time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 2,485 data-points were collected, representing about 1,242 hours of work time. Surgeons spent the greater part of their work time in direct patient care, but substantial shares were required for documentation and organisation. Assistants were mainly required at the wards and consultants at the operating theatre and the outpatient unit. Staff costs of surgeons were 32 € and 29 € per patient day at the wards, respectively, 1.30 € per minute at the operating theatre and 32 € per visit at the outpatient unit.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results provided a basis for costing of health care interventions at the study site. However, future research should focus on the establishment of standardised terminology in order to increase transferability of results.
authors.affiliation: University Medical Centre Freiburg, Department of Management and Controlling, Freiburg, Germany; King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Health Service and Population Research, Centre for the Economics of Mental and Physical Health, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wolff
authors.affiliation: King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Health Service and Population Research, Centre for the Economics of Mental and Physical Health, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: McCrone
authors.affiliation: University Medical Centre Freiburg, Department of Management and Controlling, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Gerd
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Auber
authors.affiliation: University Medical Centre Freiburg, Department of Urology, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fiedler
authors.affiliation: King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Health Service and Population Research, Centre for the Economics of Mental and Physical Health, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: University Medical Centre Freiburg, Department of Urology, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Wetterauer
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures; D014572:Urology; D014573:Urology Department, Hospital; D016526:Workload