title: [Clostridium difficile infections in Spanish Internal Medicine departments during the period 2005-2010: the burden of the disease].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Clostridium Difficile infection (CDI) is increasing in Spain. A review is presented of this infection in order to evaluate the burden of the disease in this country.
  
  
  METHODS
  An analytical retrospective and descriptive study was conducted by analyzing the Minimum Basic Data Set of patients admitted to Internal Medicine Departments and with and without CDI between the years 2005-2010. Clinical and demographical variables were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age was 75.5 years (SD 15.4), 54.9% were women and mean stay was 22.2 days (SD 24.8). The Cost [(€ 5,001 (SD 4,985) vs [€ 3,934 (SD 2,738)] and diagnostic complexity [2.04 (SD 2.62) vs [1.67 (SD 1.47)] were also different. Mortality for all causes was 12.5% vs 9.8%. Death risk showed a 30% increase (odds ratio 1.30, 95% confidence interval;1.21-1.39) and readmission rate was 30.4% vs 13.5%. Distribution of cases showed season variations (more cases in winter), and annual incidence increased during the study period. Comorbidities associated to increased risk of acquiring CDI were: anemia, human immunodeficiency virus, dementia, malnutrition, chronic renal failure, and living in a nursing home.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results showed a clear negative impact of CDI on hospital admissions. A trend towards progression in its incidence without changes in mortality or readmission rates was observed, in common with the rest of Europe and the Western World.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Clínico de San Carlos, Madrid, España. Electronic address: javier.marco@elmundo.es.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marco-Martínez
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Barba-Martín
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Severo Ochoa, Leganés, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Plaza-Canteli
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital de Fuenlabrada, Fuenlabrada, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Canora-Lebrato
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Clínico de San Carlos, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Méndez-Baillón
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital del Sureste, Arganda, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: Jose M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: de Miguel-Yanes
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital de Fuenlabrada, Fuenlabrada, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zapatero-Gaviria
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016360:Clostridioides difficile; D003015:Clostridium Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003953:Diagnosis-Related Groups; D005260:Female; D006748:Hospital Departments / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007326:Institutionalization; D007388:Internal Medicine; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009735:Nursing Homes; D010359:Patient Readmission; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Burden of illness; Carga de la enfermedad; Clostridium difficile; Cost; Coste; Hospital mortality; Hospital readmission; Mortalidad hospitalaria; Reingresos hospitalarios; Seasonal variation; Variación estacional