title: Role of interleukin-6 in differentiating interleukin-11 induced fever and early bacterial infection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the role of Th1/Th2 cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ) in differentiating interleukin 11 induced fever with C-reactive protein elevation from early bacterial infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 74 patients were enrolled in this retrospective study. Serum Th1/Th2 cytokines were determined using cytometric bead array (CBA) techniques. Whenever the patients had febrile disease or elevated CRP, systemic inflammatory signs, procalcitonin (PCT), blood culture and X-ray examination were done. The patients were assigned into infected and non-infected groups based on the clinical and laboratory findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The CRP levels in both the groups were significantly increased, but no statistically significant difference was found (P = 0.574). IL-6 levels of the infected group were significantly elevated with simultaneously elevated IL-10 levels in a proportion of the patients. IL-6 levels of non-infected patients were normal. IL-6 and IL-10 levels of infected patients were significantly higher than those of non-infected patients (P = 0.005, 0.015, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For the patients treated with recombinant human interleukin 11 (rhIL-11), IL-6 and IL-10 measurements can be a useful adjuvant tool for the differentiation of rhIL-11 induced fever with C-reactive protein elevation from early bacterial infection.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology-Oncology, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Zhiyu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.forename: Xiaojun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Shilong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Fenying
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Junqing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: Chan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Diying
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Yongmin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D017370:Interleukin-11 / Q000502:physiology*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; C508611:IL11 protein, human; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D017370:Interleukin-11; D015850:Interleukin-6; D002097:C-Reactive Protein