title: Resource-oriented therapeutic models in psychiatry: conceptual review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Like other medical specialties, psychiatry has traditionally sought to develop treatments targeted at ameliorating a deficit of the patient. However, there are different therapeutic models that focus on utilising patients' personal and social resources instead of ameliorating presumed deficits. A synopsis of such models might help to guide further research and improve therapeutic interventions.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To conduct a conceptual review of resource-oriented therapeutic models in psychiatry, in order to identify their shared characteristics.
  
  
  METHODS
  The literature was searched to identify a range of resource-oriented therapeutic models, particularly for patients with severe mental illness. Key texts for each model were analysed using a narrative approach to synthesise the concepts and their characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten models were included: befriending, client-centred therapy, creative music therapy, open dialogue, peer support workers, positive psychotherapy, self-help groups, solution-focused therapy, systemic family therapy and therapeutic communities. Six types of resources were utilised: social relationships, patients' decision-making ability, experiential knowledge, patients' individual strengths, recreational activities and self-actualising tendencies. Social relationships are a key resource in all the models, including relationships with professionals, peers, friends and family. Two relationship dimensions - reciprocity and expertise - differed across the models.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The review suggests that a range of different therapeutic models in psychiatry address resources rather than deficits. In various ways, they all utilise social relationships to induce therapeutic change. A better understanding of how social relationships affect mental health may inform the development and application of resource-oriented approaches.
authors.affiliation: Stefan Priebe, FRCPsych, Serif Omer, BSc, Domenico Giacco, MD, Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry, Barts' and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary College, University of London; Mike Slade, PhD, PsychD, Health Service and Population Research Department, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Priebe
authors.forename: Serif
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Omer
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Giacco
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Slade
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D008960:Models, Psychological; D011570:Psychiatry; D011613:Psychotherapy