title: Comparative evaluation of self-etching primers and phosphoric acid effectiveness on composite to enamel bond: an in vitro study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of the one total-etch self-priming adhesive, one two-step self-etching primer adhesive, and one 'all-in-one' self-etching adhesive system on the adhesion of a resin composite to enamel.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six freshly extracted human mandibular molars were selected for this study. A fat area about 5 mm in diameter was created on the exposed mesial surface of enamel of each tooth by moist grinding with 320, 420 and 600 grit silicon carbide paper. Twelve teeth were randomly assigned into three groups. In group 1, Adper Easy One (3M ESPE), a one step self-etching primer adhesive was applied and light curing unit for 10 seconds. In group 2, Adper SE Plus, a two-step self-etching primer with bottle A containing the aqueous primer and bottle B containing the acidic adhesive was applied and light cured for 10 seconds. Group 3 (control)-etchant 37% phosphoric acid is applied to the surface for 15 seconds and rinsed with water and air dried and adhesive (single bond 2) is applied to the surface and tube is placed and light cured for 20 seconds. Composite material (Z350) was placed in the tube and light cured for 40 seconds in all the groups. Bond strength testing was done using universal testing machine at the enamel-composite interface. The debonded enamel surface was evaluated in stereomicroscope to assess the cohesive, adhesive or mixed fracture. Data was statistically analyzed by one way analysis of variance (ANOVA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Group 1 performed least among all groups with a mean score of 19.46 MPa. Group 2 had a mean score of 25.67 MPa. Group 3 had a mean score of 27.16 MPa.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Under the conditions of this in vitro study, the bond strength values of the two-step self-etching primer systems tested were similar to the total-etch. And, one step self-etching primers have lower bond strength compared to the total-etch.
authors.affiliation: Senior Lecturer, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, KLE Society's Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Center, Tumkur Road, Yeshwanthpur Suburb, Bengaluru, Karnataka India, Phone: 9886584067, e-mail: basu.patil@yahoo.co.in.
authors.forename: Basanagouda S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Patil
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics VS Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Bk Raghavendra
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.affiliation: Professor and Head, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Krishnadevaraya College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Sm
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sharathchandra
authors.affiliation: Professor and Head, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, KLE Society's Institute of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Reshma
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hegde
authors.affiliation: Reader, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, KLE Society's Institute of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: G Vinay
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Kumar
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D000268:Adhesiveness; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation; D006801:Humans; D055115:Light-Curing of Dental Adhesives / Q000379:methods; D008422:Materials Testing; D010756:Phosphoric Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: C554641:Adper single bond 2; D003188:Composite Resins; D003738:Dental Cements; D003764:Dental Materials; D010756:Phosphoric Acids; C030242:phosphoric acid