title: Larvicidal and cytotoxic potential of squamocin on the midgut of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae).
abstract: Acetogenins are secondary metabolites exclusively produced by Annonaceae, which have antitumor, cytotoxic, and pesticide activities. In this study, we evaluated the larvicidal and cytotoxic effect of squamocin from Annona squamosa on Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) midgut. The compound was solubilized in 2% Tween 20 at 10, 20, 50, 80 and 100 ppm. The assay was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications, each with 20 third-instar larvae. Larval mortality was assessed every hour until total mortality, and the data were subjected to Probit analysis. Cellular damage was evaluated every 30 min in groups comprising five larvae subjected to squamocin at 50 and 100 ppm for 240 min. The total larval mortality occurred after 360 min following application of 50, 80, and 100 ppm squamocin, and 600 min after applying other concentrations with LC50 at 6.4 ppm. Both 50 and 100 ppm of squamocin showed cytotoxic activity in the midgut epithelium of A. aegypti after 240 min with 50 ppm resulting in midgut cells with light cytoplasm containing small vacuoles, whereas at 100 ppm were found cells with cytoplasm highly vacuolated, damaged apical surface and cell protrusion toward the gut lumen. In conclusion, squamocin has the potential to control A. aegypti.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cell Ultrastructure, Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil. marilza.costa@ufv.br.
authors.forename: Marilza S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cell Ultrastructure, Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil. jamile.cossolin@ufv.br.
authors.forename: Jamile F S
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Cossolin
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Entomology, Research and Study Center of Agriculture and environment Development, University of Mato Grosso State; MT 358, Km 7, Jardim Aeroporto, Tangará da Serra 78300-000, Mato Grosso, Brazil. monica@unemat.br.
authors.forename: Mônica J B
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Avenida Lourival Melo Mota, Tabuleiro do Martins, Maceió 57072-970, Alagoas, Brazil. aegs@qui.ufal.br.
authors.forename: Antônio E G
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Sant'Ana
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Avenida Lourival Melo Mota, Tabuleiro do Martins, Maceió 57072-970, Alagoas, Brazil. miladuli@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Milena D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.affiliation: Departament of Entomology, Federal University of de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil. zanuncio@ufv.br.
authors.forename: José C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Zanuncio
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cell Ultrastructure, Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil. jeserrao@ufv.br.
authors.forename: José Eduardo
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Serrão
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000196:embryology / Q000254:growth & development; D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005663:Furans / Q000494:pharmacology*; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000196:embryology / Q000254:growth & development; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007783:Lactones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D009032:Mosquito Control / Q000379:methods*; D011156:Population Density
chemical_list: D005663:Furans; D007306:Insecticides; D007783:Lactones; C059660:squamocin