title: Association of gingival crevicular fluid cortisol/dehydroepiandrosterone levels with periodontal status.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the present study is to examine whether anxiety and depression scale scores change with regard to clinical periodontal status and to investigate the association between the levels of stress-related hormones in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and extent/severity of periodontal disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred twenty participants who fulfilled the study inclusion criteria were chosen. Patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) and those with healthy periodontal tissues/mild gingivitis were included. The clinical examinations were performed on the day after the psychologic evaluations which included anxiety and depression measurements. GCF sampling was undertaken the following day. Commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits were used to determine GCF cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) levels. Study groups were assigned as follows: group 1, non-periodontitis; group 2, localized CP; and group 3, generalized CP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences with respect to age, sex, education, income level, occupation, or smoking history among the groups (P >0.05). There were no significant differences between the non-periodontitis and CP groups for any of the psychosocial scales (P >0.05). Group 3 had significantly higher mean DHEA scores compared with group 1 (P <0.05); however, the median cortisol scores showed no statistically significant differences among the three groups (P >0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anxiety/depression scores and GCF cortisol levels did not show any difference with regard to clinical periodontal status. However, a significant association was found between elevated levels of GCF DHEA and the severity of periodontitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.
authors.forename: Omer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Cakmak
authors.forename: B Arzu
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Alkan
authors.forename: Saliha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ozsoy
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sen
authors.forename: Ummuhan
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Abdulrezzak
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000378:metabolism / Q000523:psychology; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000523:psychology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003687:Dehydroepiandrosterone / Q000032:analysis*; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D003863:Depression / Q000378:metabolism / Q000523:psychology; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000032:analysis*; D007182:Income; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009790:Occupations; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000378:metabolism / Q000523:psychology; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000378:metabolism / Q000523:psychology; D012907:Smoking; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000502:physiology; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003687:Dehydroepiandrosterone; D006854:Hydrocortisone
keywords: Dehydroepiandrosterone; depression; gingival crevicular fluid; hydrocortisone; periodontitis; stress, psychological