title: Rutin potentiates insulin receptor kinase to enhance insulin-dependent glucose transporter 4 translocation.
abstract: METHODS
  We investigated whether rutin, a flavonoid isolated from Toona sinensis Roem, has the ability to enhance insulin-dependent receptor kinase (IRK) activity and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation in differentiated myotubes. We also tested the effects of rutin treatment in insulin-resistant mice using an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rutin potentiated insulin receptor kinase (IRK) phosphorylation when IRK autophosphorylation was triggered by insulin in differentiated myotubes. Co-treatment of cells with rutin and insulin attenuated S961-mediated inhibition of insulin-dependent GLUT4 translocation. In S961-treated C57BL/6 mice, an in vivo model of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, rutin treatment showed a normoglycemic effect in the OGTT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows evidence that rutin may serve as a potential agent for glycemic control through enhancement of IRK activity, thereby inducing the insulin signaling pathway causing increased GLUT4 translocation and increased glucose uptake.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong-Hwa University, Hualien, 97401, Taiwan; Institute of Biotechnology & Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chia-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Hung-Yuan
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Shih
authors.forename: Yi-Chen
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chia
authors.forename: Chia-Hung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ashida
authors.forename: Yiu-Kay
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Ching-Feng
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Weng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4 / Q000378:metabolism*; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D029582:Meliaceae / Q000737:chemistry; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D032448:Myoblasts, Skeletal / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011972:Receptor, Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D012431:Rutin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D007328:Insulin; D010936:Plant Extracts; C495693:Slc2a4 protein, mouse; D012431:Rutin; D011972:Receptor, Insulin
keywords: Glucose transporter 4; Insulin receptor kinase; Insulin resistance; Rutin; Toona sinensis Roem