title: Developing and implementing a service charter for an integrated regional stroke service: an exploratory case study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Based on practices in commercial organizations and public services, healthcare organizations are using service charters to inform patients about the quality of service they can expect and to increase patient-centeredness. In the Netherlands, an integrated regional stroke service involving five organizations has developed and implemented a single service charter. The purpose of this study is to determine the organizational enablers for the effective development and implementation of this service charter.
  
  
  METHODS
  We have conducted an exploratory qualitative study using Grounded Theory to determine the organizational enablers of charter development and implementation. Individual semi-structured interviews were held with all members of the steering committee and the taskforce responsible for the service charter. In these twelve interviews, participants were retrospectively asked for their opinions of the enablers. Interview transcripts have been analysed using Glaser's approach of substantive coding consisting of open and selective coding in order to develop a framework of these enablers. A tabula rasa approach was used without any preconceived frameworks used in the coding process.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We have determined seven categories of enablers formed of a total of 27 properties. The categories address a broad spectrum of enablers dealing with the basic foundations for cooperation, the way to manage the project's organization and the way to implement the service charter. In addition to the enablers within each individual organization, enablers that reflect the whole chain seem to be important for the effective development and implementation of this service charter. Strategic alignment of goals within the chain, trust between organizations, willingness to cooperate and the extent of process integration are all important properties.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This first exploratory study into the enablers of the effective development and implementation was based on a single case study in the Netherlands. This is the only integrated care chain using a single service charter that we could find. Nevertheless, the results of our explorative study provide an initial framework for the development and implementation of service charters in integrated care settings. This research contributes to the literature on service charters, on patient-centeredness in integrated care and on the implementation of innovations.
authors.affiliation: University of Groningen, Mathenesserlaan 330, 3021 HZ, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. jprthomassen@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Thomassen
authors.forename: Kees
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ahaus
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Van de Walle
mesh_terms: D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D003363:Cost Control; D019033:Delivery of Health Care, Integrated / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006302:Health Services Research; D006801:Humans; D009426:Netherlands; D036301:Qualitative Research; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D012041:Regional Medical Programs / Q000458:organization & administration*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020521:Stroke / Q000628:therapy*