title: Acute oral safety study of sodium caseinate glycosylated via maillard reaction with galactose in rats.
abstract: In order to potentially use sodium caseinate (SC) glycated with galactose (Gal) in the food industry as a new functional ingredient with proved technological and biological properties, an evaluation of oral acute toxicity has been carried out. An acute safety study with SC-Gal glycoconjugates in the Wistar rat with a single oral gavage dose of 2,000 mg/kg of body weight was conducted. The SC-Gal glycoconjugates were well tolerated; no adverse effects or mortality was observed during the 2-week observation period. No abnormal signs, behavioral changes, body weight changes, or alterations in food and water consumption occurred. After this period, no changes in hematological and serum chemistry parameters, organ weights, or gross pathology or histopathology were detected. It was concluded that SC-Gal glycoconjugates obtained via the Maillard reaction were well tolerated in rats at an acute oral dose of 2,000 mg/kg of body weight. The SC-Gal glycoconjugates have a low order of acute toxicity, and the oral 50 % lethal dose for male and female rats is in excess of 2,000 mg/kg of body weight.
authors.affiliation: Departmento de Toxicología y Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain. anadon@vet.ucm.es.
authors.forename: Arturo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Anadón
authors.affiliation: Departmento de Toxicología y Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Maria A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.affiliation: Departmento de Toxicología y Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Irma
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ares
authors.affiliation: Departmento de Toxicología y Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Castellano
authors.affiliation: Departmento de Toxicología y Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Maria R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Martínez-Larrañaga
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), C/ Nicolas Cabrera 9, Campus de Cantoblanco de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Corzo-Martínez
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), C/ Nicolas Cabrera 9, Campus de Cantoblanco de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: F Javier
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), C/ Nicolas Cabrera 9, Campus de Cantoblanco de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Mar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Villamiel
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D002364:Caseins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005690:Galactose / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D006031:Glycosylation; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D015416:Maillard Reaction; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D002364:Caseins; D005690:Galactose