title: Effect of dietary supplementation of l-tryptophan on thermal tolerance and oxygen consumption rate in Cirrhinus mrigala fingerlings under varied stocking density.
abstract: A 60 day feeding trial was conducted to study the effect of dietary l-tryptophan on thermal tolerance and oxygen consumption rate of freshwater fish, mrigala, Cirrhinus mrigala reared under ambient temperature at low and high stocking density. Four hundred eighty fingerlings were distributed into eight experimental groups. Four groups each of low density group (10 fishes/75L water) and higher density group (30 fishes/75L water) were fed a diet containing 0, 0.68, 1.36 or 2.72% l-tryptophan in the diet, thus forming eight experimental groups namely, Low density control (LC) (basal feed +0% l-tryptophan); LT1 (basal feed+0.68% l-tryptophan); LT2 (basal feed+1.36% l-tryptophan); LT3 (basal feed+2.72% l-tryptophan); high density control (HC) (basal feed+0% l-tryptophan); HT1 (basal feed+0.68% l-tryptophan); HT2 (basal feed+1.36% l-tryptophan); and HT3 (basal feed+2.72% l-tryptophan) were fed at 3% of the body weight. The test diets having crude protein 34.33±0.23 to 35.81±0.18% and lipid 423.49±1.76 to 425.85±0.31KCal/100g were prepared using purified ingredients. The possible role of dietary l-tryptophan on thermal tolerance and oxygen consumption rate was assessed in terms of critical thermal maxima (CTMax), critical thermal minima (CTMin), lethal thermal maxima (LTMax) and lethal thermal minima (LTMin). The CTMax, CTMin, LTMax and LTMin values were found to be significantly higher (p<0.05) in the treatment groups with CTMax 42.94±0.037 (LT2); LT Max 43.18±0.070 (LT2); CTMin 10.47±0.088 (LT2) and LTMin 9.42±0.062 (LT3), whereas the control group showed a lower tolerance level. The same trend was observed in the high density group (CTMax 42.09±0.066 (LT3); LTMax 43 23±0.067 (HT3); CTMin 10.98±0.040 (HT3) and LTMin 9.74±0.037 (HT3). However, gradual supplementation of dietary l-tryptophan in the diet significantly reduced the oxygen consumption rate in both the low density group (Y=-26.74x+222.4, r²=0.915) and the high density group (Y=-32.96x+296.5, r²=0.8923). Dietary supplementation of l-tryptophan at a level of 1.36% improved the thermal tolerance level and reduced the oxygen consumption rate in C. mrigala fingerlings.
authors.affiliation: National Fisheries Development Board, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh 500 052, India. Electronic address: tejpal.arun@rediffmail.com.
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Tejpal
authors.affiliation: Regional Shrimp Hatchery, Department of Fisheries, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: E B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Sumitha
authors.affiliation: Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Pal
authors.affiliation: Department of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Mangalore 575002, India.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shivananda Murthy
authors.affiliation: Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: N P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Sahu
authors.affiliation: Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Siddaiah
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation; D002347:Carps / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D014364:Tryptophan / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D014364:Tryptophan
keywords: CT(Max), CT(Min), LT(Max), LT(Min); Cirrhinus mrigala; Oxygen consumption rate; Thermal tolerance; l-tryptophan