title: Deciphering microbial landscapes of fish eggs to mitigate emerging diseases.
abstract: Animals and plants are increasingly suffering from diseases caused by fungi and oomycetes. These emerging pathogens are now recognized as a global threat to biodiversity and food security. Among oomycetes, Saprolegnia species cause significant declines in fish and amphibian populations. Fish eggs have an immature adaptive immune system and depend on nonspecific innate defences to ward off pathogens. Here, meta-taxonomic analyses revealed that Atlantic salmon eggs are home to diverse fungal, oomycete and bacterial communities. Although virulent Saprolegnia isolates were found in all salmon egg samples, a low incidence of Saprolegniosis was strongly correlated with a high richness and abundance of specific commensal Actinobacteria, with the genus Frondihabitans (Microbacteriaceae) effectively inhibiting attachment of Saprolegniato salmon eggs. These results highlight that fundamental insights into microbial landscapes of fish eggs may provide new sustainable means to mitigate emerging diseases.
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands [2] Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Yiying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands [2] Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: de Bruijn
authors.affiliation: 1] Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands [2] Prescott College, Environmental Studies Program, Prescott, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Allison L H
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Jack
authors.affiliation: Landcatch, Hendrix Genetics B.V., Argyll, UK.
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Drynan
authors.affiliation: Aberdeen Oomycete Laboratory, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
authors.forename: Albert H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: van den Berg
authors.affiliation: 1] Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway [2] Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Even
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Thoen
authors.affiliation: Real Jardín Botánico CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sandoval-Sierra
authors.affiliation: Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Ida
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Skaar
authors.affiliation: Aberdeen Oomycete Laboratory, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
authors.forename: Pieter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: van West
authors.affiliation: Real Jardín Botánico CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Diéguez-Uribeondo
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Menno
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van der Voort
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Embrapa Environment, Jaguariuna, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mendes
authors.affiliation: USDA-ARS, Wenatchee, WA, USA.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mazzola
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands [2] Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jos M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Raaijmakers
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D021821:Communicable Diseases, Emerging / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D064307:Microbiota; D009868:Oomycetes / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010063:Ovum / Q000382:microbiology*; D020317:Salmo salar / Q000196:embryology / Q000382:microbiology*; D044762:Saprolegnia / Q000302:isolation & purification