title: Molecular epidemiology and genetic evolution of the whole genome of G3P[8] human rotavirus in Wuhan, China, from 2000 through 2013.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rotaviruses are a major etiologic agent of gastroenteritis in infants and young children worldwide. Since the latter of the 1990s, G3 human rotaviruses referred to as "new variant G3" have emerged and spread in China, being a dominant genotype until 2010, although their genomic evolution has not yet been well investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  The complete genomes of 33 G3P[8] human rotavirus strains detected in Wuhan, China, from 2000 through 2013 were analyzed. Phylogenetic trees of concatenated sequences of all the RNA segments and individual genes were constructed together with published rotavirus sequences.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Genotypes of 11 gene segments of all the 33 strains were assigned to G3-P[8]-I1-R1-C1-M1-A1-N1-T1-E1-H1, belonging to Wa genogroup. Phylogenetic analysis of the concatenated full genome sequences indicated that all the modern G3P[8] strains were assigned to Cluster 2 containing only one clade of G3P[8] strains in the US detected in the 1970s, which was distinct from Cluster 1 comprising most of old G3P[8] strains. While main lineages of all the 11 gene segments persisted during the study period, different lineages appeared occasionally in RNA segments encoding VP1, VP4, VP6, and NSP1-NSP5, exhibiting various allele constellations. In contrast, only a single lineage was detected for VP7, VP2, and VP3 genes. Remarkable lineage shift was observed for NSP1 gene; lineage A1-2 emerged in 2007 and became dominant in 2008-2009 epidemic season, while lineage A1-1 persisted throughout the study period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chinese G3P[8] rotavirus strains have evolved since 2000 by intra-genogroup reassortment with co-circulating strains, accumulating more reassorted genes over the years. This is the first large-scale whole genome-based study to assess the long-term evolution of common human rotaviruses (G3P[8]) in an Asian country.
authors.affiliation: Virology section, Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yuan-Hong
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Virology section, Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Bei-Bei
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Souvik
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.affiliation: Virology section, Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsuzumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shintani
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Urushibara
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yu-Wei
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Ming-Yang
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Virology section, Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Man-Qing
authors.initials: MQ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Virology section, Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Wei-Feng
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Virology section, Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jin-Song
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Virology section, Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Quan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Virology section, Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Dun-Jin
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobumichi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
mesh_terms: D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005814:Genes, Viral; D014644:Genetic Variation; D016679:Genome, Viral; D005838:Genotype; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D010641:Phenotype; D010802:Phylogeny; D015995:Prevalence; D012367:RNA, Viral; D012401:Rotavirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D012400:Rotavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000266:history / Q000821:virology*; D012621:Seasons; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D062211:Spatio-Temporal Analysis
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral