title: An autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular matrix scaffold applied with bone marrow stimulation for cartilage repair.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It is well known that implanting a bioactive scaffold into a cartilage defect site can enhance cartilage repair after bone marrow stimulation (BMS). However, most of the current scaffolds are derived from xenogenous tissue and/or artificial polymers. The implantation of these scaffolds adds risks of pathogen transmission, undesirable inflammation, and other immunological reactions, as well as ethical issues in clinical practice. The current study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of implanting autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular matrix (aBMSC-dECM) scaffolds after BMS for cartilage repair.
  
  
  METHODS
  Full osteochondral defects were performed on the trochlear groove of both knees in 24 rabbits. One group underwent BMS only in the right knee (the BMS group), and the other group was treated by implantation of the aBMSC-dECM scaffold after BMS in the left knee (the aBMSC-dECM scaffold group).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Better repair of cartilage defects was observed in the aBMSC-dECM scaffold group than in the BMS group according to gross observation, histological assessments, immunohistochemistry, and chemical assay. The glycosaminoglycan and DNA content, the distribution of proteoglycan, and the distribution and arrangement of type II and I collagen fibers in the repaired tissue in the aBMSC-dECM scaffold group at 12 weeks after surgery were similar to that surrounding normal hyaline cartilage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Implanting aBMSC-dECM scaffolds can enhance the therapeutic effect of BMS on articular cartilage repair, and this combination treatment is a potential method for successful articular cartilage repair.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, China .
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Chengzhe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Xiaotao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Byoung-Hyun
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Min
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Liming
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D064592:Autografts; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000378:metabolism*; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000293:injuries* / Q000473:pathology; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D020219:Chondrogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D004867:Equipment Design; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000637:transplantation*; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D011817:Rabbits; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds