title: Comparison of modified Hackethal bundle nailing versus anterograde nailing for fixation of surgical neck fractures of the humerus: retrospective study of 105 cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intramedullary fixation of displaced surgical neck fractures of the humerus can be performed either by retrograde pinning or anterograde nailing. The goal of the current study was to compare the postoperative reduction and stability obtained with these two techniques.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Intramedullary nailing will provide the best reduction and stabilization of these fractures.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a multicenter retrospective study that included patients with sub-tuberosity fractures with or without greater tuberosity fragment. These patients were treated either by retrograde Hackethal type pinning (group 1) or Telegraph anterograde nailing (group 2). To be included, patients needed to have A/P and lateral X-rays that had been taken before the surgery, immediately post-operative, between four and six weeks post-operative, and at the last follow-up. The outcomes were head angulation, translation and greater tuberosity position.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and five patients (40 retrograde pinning and 65 anterograde nailing) with an average age of 69 years (18-97 years) were included. The pre-operative fracture displacement was similar between the two groups. After the surgery, the A/P head angulation had been corrected in 72.5% of patients in group 1 and 84% in group 2 (no significant difference). Translation was still present in 17.5% of patients in group 1 and 1.5% in group 2 (P<0.05). At the last follow-up, union was achieved without residual angulation on lateral X-rays in 71% of patients in group 1 and 88% in group 2 (P<0.05). The fractures had healed with residual translation is 19.5% of patients in group 1 and 3% in group 2 (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In cases of displaced surgical neck fractures with or without a greater tuberosity fragment, anterograde nailing provides better reduction and stability than retrograde pinning. However, fixation of the greater tuberosity fragment must be improved.
  
  
  METHODS
  IV (retrospective comparative study).
authors.affiliation: Musculoskeletal Orthopedics, Trauma and Arthroscopic Surgery Department, CHU Nancy, hôpital Central, 29, avenue du Maréchal-De-Lattre-de-Tassigny, 54000 Nancy, France. Electronic address: loic.mil@gmail.com.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Milin
authors.affiliation: Centre chirurgical Émile-Gallé, 49, rue Hermite, 54052 Nancy cedex, France.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sirveaux
authors.affiliation: Musculoskeletal Orthopedics, Trauma and Arthroscopic Surgery Department, CHU Nancy, hôpital Central, 29, avenue du Maréchal-De-Lattre-de-Tassigny, 54000 Nancy, France.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Eloy
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery Department, CHU Nancy, hôpital Central, 29, avenue du Maréchal-De-Lattre-de-Tassigny, 54000 Nancy, France.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mainard
authors.affiliation: Centre chirurgical Émile-Gallé, 49, rue Hermite, 54052 Nancy cedex, France.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Molé
authors.affiliation: Musculoskeletal Orthopedics, Trauma and Arthroscopic Surgery Department, CHU Nancy, hôpital Central, 29, avenue du Maréchal-De-Lattre-de-Tassigny, 54000 Nancy, France.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Coudane
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001858:Bone Nails; D005260:Female; D005594:Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D006810:Humeral Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Fracture fixation; Intramedullary nailing; Shoulder fracture