title: The Strain Index and ACGIH TLV for HAL: risk of trigger digit in the WISTAH prospective cohort.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to investigate the association between job physical exposure (JPE) and incidence of flexor tendon entrapment of the digits (FTED).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  FTED, commonly known as trigger digit, is associated with age, gender, and certain health disorders. Although JPE has been suggested as a risk factor for FTED, there are no prospective cohort studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort of 516 workers was enrolled from 10 diverse manufacturing facilities and followed monthly for 6 years. Worker demographics, medical history, and symptoms of FTED were assessed. JPE was individually measured using the Strain Index (SI) and American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) threshold limit value for hand activity level (TLV for HAL). Changes in JPE (assessed quarterly) and symptoms (assessed monthly) were recorded during follow-up. FTED was defined as demonstrated triggering on examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Point prevalence of FTED at baseline was 3.6%. During follow-up there were 23 incident FTED cases (left and/or right hands). The incident rate for first occurrence of FTED from enrollment was 1.38 per 100 person-years. Risk factors were JPE, age, gender, diabetes mellitus, carpometacarpal osteoarthrosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. In multivariate models, the SI showed strong association with risk of FTED when treated as a continuous variable and marginal association when dichotomized (SI > 6.1). TLV for HAL showed a statistical trend of increasing risk of FTED using the ACGIH limits, but no association as a continuous variable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both JPE and personal risk factors are associated with FTED development. The SI and TLV for HAL are useful tools for estimating JPE.
authors.forename: Jay M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kapellusch
authors.forename: Arun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Garg
authors.forename: Kurt T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Hegmann
authors.forename: Matthew S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Thiese
authors.forename: Elizabeth J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Malloy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009790:Occupations; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D052582:Trigger Finger Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology