title: The effects of caffeine on option generation and subsequent choice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although the effects of caffeine on basic cognitive functions are well-known, its effects on more complex decision making, particularly on option generation, is yet to be explored.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We examined the effects of caffeine on option generation in decision making using everyday life decisional situations.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a double-blind placebo-controlled experiment, participants (N = 47) either received 300 mg of caffeine or a placebo. Participants had to generate choice options (things they could do) for a series of high and low familiar real-world scenarios and, subsequently, to decide among these options.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analyses revealed that participants in the caffeine condition generated significantly fewer options than participants in the placebo condition. Moreover, caffeine significantly reduced the option generation onset time, that is, participants in the caffeine condition generated their first option significantly faster than participants in the placebo condition. Regarding subsequent choice, we found evidence supporting the "take-the-first" heuristic, that is, the tendency to select the first generated option. This tendency was neither affected by caffeine nor by the familiarity of the scenarios.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Caffeine results in fewer options generated in unconstrained real-life decision-making situations and decreases generation onset times.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychology, University of Hildesheim, Marienburger Platz 22, 37141, Hildesheim, Germany, haeusser@uni-hildesheim.de.
authors.forename: Jan Alexander
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Häusser
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schlemmer
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaiser
authors.forename: Annemarie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kalis
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mojzisch
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002110:Caffeine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002755:Choice Behavior / Q000187:drug effects*; D003657:Decision Making / Q000187:drug effects*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D002110:Caffeine