title: Risk factors associated with deciduous tooth decay in Iraqi preschool children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tooth decay (TD) is common in children with significant consequences on systemic well-being, growth and quality of life, as well as increasing the risk of decay in the permanent teeth.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study is to define risk factors associated with deciduous TD (DTD) in Iraqi preschool children.
  
  
  METHODS
  From the 1(st) June to 31(st) December 2012, a case-control study was carried out on 684 children under the age of 6 years who attended Al-Aulwyiah pediatric teaching hospital in Baghdad. Clinical examination and World Health Organization caries diagnostic criteria for decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) were applied. Data including gender, residence, socio-economic status (SES), parental education level, parental smoking, tooth brushing frequency, type of feeding during infancy and the presence of any systemic disease in the child were sought.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean DMFT score in the case group was 2.03 ± 1.39, of which decayed teeth formed 1.93. Males had a higher mean DMFT (2.10 ± 1.08) than females (1.96 ± 1.70) but with no statistically significant difference. The study revealed that residence, SES, parental education level and tooth brushing frequency were dependent risk factors significantly associated with DTD. However, gender, parental smoking and pattern of feeding during infancy were not significantly associated with DTD. Only four children with systemic disorders (1.2%), namely asthma and congenital heart diseases, were noticed to have DTD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pediatricians and dentists could provide dental preventive and screening measures. Confronting relevant risk factors associated with DTD and improving access to oral care services are suggested. In addition, promotion of oral health programs through school curricula is needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Al-Kindy College of Medicine, Baghdad University, Baghdad, Iraq.
authors.forename: Mahmood Dhahir
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Al-Mendalawi
authors.affiliation: Dental Consultation Outpatient Clinic, Al-Aulwyiah Pediatric Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq.
authors.forename: Nadia Taha
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Karam
keywords: Children; Iraq; deciduous tooth decay; risk factors