title: Effects of hormone replacement therapy on plasma and tissue fibrinolytic activity in a rat model of surgically induced menopause.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of estrogen deficiency and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on fibrinolytic activity in a rat mode of surgically-induced menopause.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve-week-old, sexually mature female Sprague-Dawley rats, each weighing 200-250 g, were randomly divided into four groups: (1) sham-operated group, (2) ovariectomy group, (3) ovariectomy group followed by oral administration of daily 17β-estradiol (0.02 mg/kg/day) (E2) + norethisterone acetate (0.01 mg/kg/day), and (4) ovariectomy group followed by oral administration of daily 17β-estradiol (0.01 mg/kg/day) + drospirenone (0.02 mg/kg/day). Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) antigen, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) antigen, and PAI-1/tPA levels were measured as markers of fibrinolysis in plasma and liver and brain tissue.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with sham-operated rats, ovariectomized rats showed higher levels of fibrinolytic activity; however, the increased fibrinolytic activity in plasma and liver tissue was significantly reduced by HRT regimens. No change was observed in the levels of fibrinolytic activity in brain tissue.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HRT showed beneficial effects by decreasing fibrinolytic activity related to surgically-induced menopause. Short-term HRT treatment was associated with a shift in the procoagulant-anticoagulant balance toward a procoagulant state.
authors.forename: Ata
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Topcuoglu
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Albayrak
authors.forename: Hayriye
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Erman
authors.forename: Huriye
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Balci
authors.forename: Mesut
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karakus
authors.forename: Ilker
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Coban
authors.affiliation: . huzun59@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Hafize
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Uzun
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005342:Fibrinolysis / Q000187:drug effects*; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008593:Menopause / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism*; D010052:Ovariectomy; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator