title: Changing motives for use: outcomes from a cognitive-behavioral intervention for marijuana-dependent adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Motives for use have been identified as important predictors of substance use and related problems; however, little is known about how motives for use change following an intervention and how this change may impact future substance use behaviors. The present study sought to describe change in motives following an intervention for marijuana-dependent adults. Furthermore, investigators examined change in motives as a predictor of treatment outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study randomized 74 adults to one of two conditions: both of which received 9-sessions base treatment of cognitive behavioral therapy and motivational enhancement therapy and had access to additional sessions of cognitive behavioral treatment on an as-needed basis. The experimental condition received two additional "check-ups" during the course of follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant decreases in reported frequency of motives used were observed following treatment. Changes in Expansion and Coping were associated with differential treatment outcomes. Decreases in Expansion were associated with poorer treatment outcome, while decreases in Coping were associated with better treatment outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The relationship between expansion motives and outcomes was paradoxical. Although there were some inconsistencies in the findings, the results regarding the coping motive were consistent with hypotheses and may have important implications for treatment.
authors.affiliation: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States. Electronic address: kelseybanes@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Kelsey E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Banes
authors.affiliation: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States.
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Stephens
authors.affiliation: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States.
authors.forename: Claire E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Blevins
authors.affiliation: University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.
authors.forename: Denise D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.affiliation: University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.
authors.forename: Roger A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Roffman
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D002189:Marijuana Abuse / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D011581:Psychological Tests; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cannabis; Cognitive behavioral therapy; Marijuana; Motivational enhancement therapy; Motives; Treatment outcomes