title: Evaluation of fluoride release from experimental TiF4 and NaF varnishes in vitro.
abstract: Fluoride varnishes play an important role in the prevention of dental caries, promoting the inhibition of demineralization and the increase of remineralization.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to analyze the amount of fluoride released into water and artificial saliva from experimental TiF4 and NaF varnishes, with different concentrations, for 12 h.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fluoride varnishes were applied on acrylic blocks and then immersed in 10 ml of deionized water and artificial saliva in polystyrene bottles. The acrylic blocks were divided in seven groups (n=10): 1.55% TiF4 varnish (0.95% F, pH 1.0); 3.10% TiF4 varnish (1.90% F, pH 1.0); 3.10% and 4% TiF4 varnish (2.45% F, pH 1.0); 2.10% NaF varnish (0.95% F, pH 5.0); 4.20% NaF varnish (1.90% F, pH 5.0); 5.42% NaF varnish (2.45% F, pH 5.0) and control (no treatment, n=5). The fluoride release was analyzed after 1/2, 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 h of exposure. The analysis was performed using an ion-specific electrode coupled to a potentiometer. Two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni's test were applied for the statistical analysis (p<0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  TiF4 varnishes released larger amounts of fluoride than NaF varnishes during the first 1/2 h, regardless of their concentration; 4% TiF4 varnish released more fluoride than NaF varnishes for the first 6 h. The peak of fluoride release occurred at 3 h. There was a better dose-response relationship among the varnishes exposed to water than to artificial saliva.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 3.10% and 4% TiF4 -based varnishes have greater ability to release fluoride into water and artificial saliva compared to NaF varnish; however, more studies must be conducted to elucidate the mechanism of action of TiF4 varnish on tooth surface.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Livia Picchi
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Comar
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Beatriz Martines de
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Larissa Tercilia
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Grizzo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marília Afonso Rabelo
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Buzalaf
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Carolina
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Magalhães
mesh_terms: D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000517:prevention & control; D005459:Fluorides / Q000737:chemistry*; D005460:Fluorides, Topical / Q000737:chemistry*; D012016:Reference Values; D012464:Saliva, Artificial / Q000737:chemistry*; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000737:chemistry*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D014089:Tooth Remineralization; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D005460:Fluorides, Topical; D012464:Saliva, Artificial; D014867:Water; D012969:Sodium Fluoride; D014025:Titanium; D005459:Fluorides; C032240:titanium tetrafluoride