title: Prognostic significance of preoperative peripheral blood monocyte ratio in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Leukocyte subsets in peripheral blood, which include neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes, have not been well established as prognostic factors in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive patients who underwent curative hepatic resection for HCC at the National Cancer Center, Republic of Korea, from 2001 to 2008 were enrolled in this retrospective study. Clinicopathologic factors, cancer-specific survival (CSS), and disease-free survival (DFS) were analyzed with respect to preoperative lymphocyte subsets, especially monocyte ratio.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 603 patients had a median follow-up of 40.0 months and a 5-year overall survival rate of 67.7 %. In univariate analysis of survivals, preoperative lymphocyte ratio ≤35 % and monocyte ratio >7 % were significantly poor prognostic factors. In multivariate analysis, preoperative monocyte ratio >7 %, satellite nodule, and microvascular invasion were independent risk factors for CSS and DFS (hazard ratio of monocyte ratio >7 % = 1.77, p = 0.02 and 1.57, p = 0.006, respectively). Considering monocyte ratio with preoperative α-fetoprotein level, patients with both abnormal α-fetoprotein levels (>12 ng/mL) and monocyte ratio >7 % showed significantly worse CSS and DFS than other groups (p < 0.001). Cirrhotic patients with monocyte ratio >7 % showed significantly poor CSS and DFS compared with non-cirrhotic patients (p = 0.033 and <0.001, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A preoperative monocyte ratio >7 % of peripheral blood is an independent risk factor for CSS and DFS after hepatic resection for HCC. Preoperative monocyte ratio might be considered as a novel biomarker for HCC.
authors.affiliation: Center for Liver Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 410-769, Republic of Korea, lsd@ncc.re.kr.
authors.forename: Seung Duk
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Seong Hoon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Young-Kyu
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Soon-Ae
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sang-Jae
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006498:Hepatectomy; D006801:Humans; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D008214:Lymphocytes; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes; D009504:Neutrophils; D057234:Preoperative Period; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins