title: A role for G-CSF and GM-CSF in nonmyeloid cancers.
abstract: Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) modulate progression of certain solid tumors. The G-CSF- or GM-CSF-secreting cancers, albeit not very common are, however, among the most rapidly advancing ones due to a cytokine-mediated immune suppression and angiogenesis. Similarly, de novo angiogenesis and vasculogenesis may complicate adjuvant use of recombinant G-CSF or GM-CSF thus possibly contributing to a cancer relapse. Rapid diagnostic tools to differentiate G-CSF- or GM-CSF-secreting cancers are not well developed therefore hindering efforts to individualize treatments for these patients. Given an increasing utilization of adjuvant G-/GM-CSF in cancer therapy, we aimed to summarize recent studies exploring their roles in pathophysiology of solid tumors and to provide insights into some complexities of their therapeutic applications.
authors.affiliation: Federal Clinical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Samory Mashela 1, Moscow, 117198, Russia.
authors.forename: Alexander M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Aliper
authors.forename: Victoria P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Frieden-Korovkina
authors.forename: Anton
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Buzdin
authors.forename: Sergey A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Roumiantsev
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zhavoronkov
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000502:physiology*; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor
keywords: Bladder; G-CSF; GM-SF; bone; cancer; colorectal; glioma; lung; melanoma; metastasis; prostate