title: Fluids Intake and Beverage Consumption Pattern among University Students.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Insufficient and inappropriate daily fluid intake in a long period may have adverse effect on human's health. Therefore, the present study evaluated the amounts and sources of fluids consumed by university students to determine whether these amounts and sources of fluid were enough and appropriate.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this descriptive study, 245 (142 females and 103 males) volunteer students of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences in 2009 were recruited. Food and fluid intake of subjects were as-sessed by 24-hour recall method of 3 days (two week days and one week- end included). Dietary intake of subjects was analyzed by Nutritionist III software program. The mean total fluid intake (drinking fluid values merged with data on the water content of foods) and the rate of metabolic water were figured out. Comparisons of the results with recommended dietary values were made using student's t-test.. Data of dietary intakes for two under-reporter female subjects were not included in the statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Daily total mean of fluid intake for girls (1598±40ml) and boys (1861±59ml) reflect the sum of beverages (Girls, 818±29ml; boys, 1147±57ml) and food water (Girls, 780±47ml; boys, 714±86m). The most consumed beverage for girls and boys were water (40%) and tea (49%) respectively. Daily mean intake of milk for girls and boys were 106.31±10ml (13%) and 57.30±11ml (5%), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The mean daily fluid intake of subjects, specially water, and milk was lower than rec-ommended values. Therefore, there is an urgent need for tailored nutrition intervention targeting the young adults to improve their beverage choices.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science & Industry, School of Nutrition, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Sima
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Balaghi
authors.affiliation: Student Research Center Committee, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Elnaz
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Faramarzi
authors.affiliation: Nutritional Research Center, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mahdavi
authors.affiliation: Nutritional Research Center, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Jamal
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ghaemmaghami
keywords: Beverage Consumption Pattern; Fluid Intake; Student; University