title: Rice husk-derived graphene with nano-sized domains and clean edges.
abstract: A new synthetic method is demonstrated for transforming rice husks into bulk amounts of graphene through its calcination and chemical activation. The bulk sample consists of crystalline nano-sized graphene and corrugated individual graphene sheets; the material generally contains one, two, or a few layers, and corrugated graphene domains are typically observed in monolayers containing topological defects within the hexagonal lattice and edges. Both types of graphenes exhibit atomically smooth surfaces and edges.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Technology, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1, Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata, 940-2188, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Muramatsu
authors.forename: Yoong Ahm
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kap-Seung
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Rodolfo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cruz-Silva
authors.forename: Ikumi
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Toda
authors.forename: Takumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Mauricio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Terrones
authors.forename: Morinobu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Hidetoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Saitoh
mesh_terms: D003460:Crystallization; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D055772:Green Chemistry Technology; D006878:Hydroxides; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure; D036103:Nanotechnology; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry; D056951:Photoelectron Spectroscopy; D017680:Potassium Compounds; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman; D013818:Thermogravimetry
chemical_list: D006878:Hydroxides; D017680:Potassium Compounds; D006108:Graphite; C029943:potassium hydroxide
keywords: chemical activation; edge; graphene; rice husk