title: Nano/microfibrous polymeric constructs loaded with bioactive agents and designed for tissue engineering applications: a review.
abstract: Nano/microfibrous polymeric constructs present various inherent advantages, such as highly porous architecture and high surface to volume ratio, making them attractive for tissue engineering purposes. Electrospinning is the most preferred technique for the fabrication of polymeric nanofibrous assemblies that can mimic the physical functions of native extracellular matrix greatly favoring cells attachment and thus influencing their morphology and activities. Different approaches have been developed to apply polymeric microfiber fabrication techniques (e.g. wet-spinning) for the obtainment of scaffolds with a three-dimensional network of micropores suitable for effective cells migration. Progress in additive manufacturing technology has led to the development of complex scaffold's shapes and microfibrous structures with a high degree of automation, good accuracy and reproducibility. Various loading methods, such as direct blending, coaxial electrospinning and microparticles incorporation, are enabling to develop customized strategies for the biofunctionalization of nano/microfibrous scaffolds with a tailored kinetics of release of different bioactive agents, ranging from small molecules, such as antibiotics, to protein drugs, such as growth factors, and even cells. Recent activities on the combination of different processing techniques and loading methods for the obtainment of biofunctionalized polymeric constructs with a complex multiscale structure open new possibilities for the development of biomimetic scaffolds endowed with a hierarchical architecture and a sophisticated release kinetics of different bioactive agents. This review is aimed at summarizing current advances in technologies and methods for manufacturing nano/microfibrous polymeric constructs suitable as tissue engineering scaffolds, and for their combination with different bioactive agents to promote tissue regeneration and therapeutic effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Laboratory of Bioactive Polymeric Materials for Biomedical and Environmental Applications (BIOlab), University of Pisa, 56010, San Piero a Grado (Pi), Italy.
authors.forename: Dario
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Puppi
authors.forename: Xuanmiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Likai
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chiellini
authors.forename: Xun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Emo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chiellini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002465:Cell Movement; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D057139:Nanofibers / Q000737:chemistry*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004337:Drug Carriers; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D011108:Polymers
keywords: additive manufacturing; drug delivery; electrospinning; microfibers; nanofibers; scaffold; tissue engineering; wet-spinning