title: Time-dependent comparative evaluation of some important biomarkers of acute cyanide poisoning in rats: an aid in diagnosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study focuses on time-dependent comparative evaluation of various biomarkers of acute cyanide poisoning in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood gas (analyzer), lactate, pyruvate, cyanide, thiocyanate (spectrophotometer) and 2-amino-2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (ATCA; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) in plasma or urine, and various physiological parameters (polygraph) were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cyanide poisoning was characterized by elevated lactate, cyanide, thiocyanate and ATCA concentrations in plasma up to 15 min, 4, 16 and 24 h, respectively, while high urinary thiocyanate and ATCA levels were measured between 4 and 24 h.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ATCA concentration in plasma and urine was found to be more reliable indicator of cyanide poisoning.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology and Toxicology Division, Defence Research and Development Establishment , Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh , India .
authors.forename: Rahul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bhattacharya
authors.forename: Poonam
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Meehir
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Palit
authors.forename: Chandrakant
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Waghmare
authors.forename: Anil Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Natarajan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gopalan
authors.forename: Deo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kumar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D003486:Cyanides / Q000506:poisoning*; D008297:Male; D011041:Poisoning / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D003486:Cyanides