title: Comparing patient generated blood glucose diary records with meter memory in type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess agreement between meter and diary self monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) records, over a year, in a sample of patients with type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Meter and diary records were available, for 95 individuals, who took part in the Efficacy of self monitoring of blood glucose in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes study. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to explore the relationships between the types of error. Maximum likelihood estimation was used to explore changes over time through a structural equation modelling approach. Paired samples t-tests were used to determine if the presence of errors led to a significant difference between the mean diary and meter SMBG concentrations or coefficients of variation. Multiple regression was used to explore possible predictors of the error indices.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean over-reporting, under-reporting, concordance and overall reliability were 8.4%, 10.0%, 83.5% and 71.3%, respectively. The first week of monitoring had significantly more under-reporting, over-reporting and less concordance and overall reliability than subsequent weeks. The majority of concordance errors were not clinically significant. Those that were, tended to occur during the first three months of monitoring. Participants' at one trial site were significantly more likely to have recording errors than those at the largest site.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Error levels were similar to those described previously in type 1 diabetes and there was a suggestion of an initial learning curve for record keeping. For some individuals diary records would not be considered acceptable if held to the same standards as blood glucose meters.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nursing and Health Research, University of Ulster, Coleraine Campus, Cromore Road, Coleraine, County Londonderry BT52 1SA, UK. Electronic address: Given-J@email.ulster.ac.uk.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Given
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Chemistry, Western Health and Social Care Trust, Altnagelvin Hospital, Londonderry BT47 6SB, UK.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: O'Kane
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nursing and Health Research, University of Ulster, Coleraine Campus, Cromore Road, Coleraine, County Londonderry BT52 1SA, UK; Nursing Directorate, Western Health and Social Care Trust, Altnagelvin Hospital, Londonderry BT47 6SB, UK.
authors.forename: V E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Coates
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine Campus, Cromore Road, Coleraine, County Londonderry BT52 1SA, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of Ulster, Magee Campus, Londonderry BT48 7JL, UK.
authors.forename: B P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Bunting
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D015190:Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D057286:Electronic Health Records; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005260:Female; D055991:Health Records, Personal; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose
keywords: Blood glucose; Measurement; Medical records; Type 2 diabetes; Validity