title: HIF-1α and CA-IX as predictors of locoregional control for determining the optimal treatment modality for early-stage laryngeal carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to examine the predictive value of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, carbonic anhydrase (CA)-IX, glucose transporter (GLUT)-1, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, Ki-67, and erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) as immunohistochemical markers for determining the optimal treatment modality for early stage laryngeal carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tissue samples from 42 early stage laryngeal carcinomas treated with radiotherapy alone were analyzed immunohistochemically for the expression of 6 markers. The Kaplan-Meier method, univariate and multivariate analyses, and the Cox proportional hazards model were used to analyze the associations between patient and tumor characteristics and immunohistochemical results, and locoregional control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Increased expression of HIF-1α and CA-IX was significantly correlated with residual tumor; no correlations were observed for the other immunohistochemical markers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High levels of HIF-1α or CA-IX expression were significantly correlated with residual tumor after radiotherapy for early stage laryngeal carcinomas. Alternative treatment modalities to primary radiotherapy should be considered for early stage laryngeal carcinomas showing high HIF-1α or CA-IX expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea.
authors.forename: Oh Jin
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Jung Je
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Gyung Hyuck
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: Ji Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Bae-Kwon
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Ki Mun
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Seung Hoon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.forename: Jin Pyeong
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jeong Seok
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Hwa
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Carey
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000378:metabolism*; D000071231:Carbonic Anhydrase IX; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases / Q000378:metabolism*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D005260:Female; D005931:Glottis; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000378:metabolism*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018365:Neoplasm, Residual / Q000378:metabolism*; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D040081:Protein Array Analysis; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D000077195:Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1; C497442:HIF1A protein, human; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; C089226:CA9 protein, human; D000071231:Carbonic Anhydrase IX; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases
keywords: carbonic anhydrase IX; glucose transporter-1; hypoxia-inducible factor-1α; laryngeal carcinoma; radiotherapy