title: Comparison of vehicles to collect dentinal fluid for molecular analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that a material with higher water absorption than polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) could increase the yield of target molecules from exposed dentine.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a series of standard tests, different cellulose membranes were compared to a PVDF counterpart for their ability to absorb water and release protein. In a subsequent randomized clinical trial, the cellulose material with the most favourable values was compared to PVDF regarding the levels of MMP-2 that could be collected from exposed dentine of healthy human teeth during filling replacement. MMP-2 levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data from the laboratory experiments were compared between materials using the appropriate parametric tests. The frequency of cases yielding quantifiable levels of MMP-2 was compared between materials by Fisher's exact test. The level of significance was set at 5%.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cellulose membrane with the largest pore size (12-15μm) absorbed significantly (P<0.05) more water than PVDF. It showed a protein release that was similar to that of PVDF, while the cellulose membranes with smaller pore size retained significantly more protein (P<0.05). Using the large-pore cellulose membrane, MMP-2 could be collected at a quantifiable level from the dentine of healthy teeth in 9 of 13 cases, compared to 1 of 13 with the PVDF membrane (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Under the current conditions, a large-pore cellulose membrane yielded more of a molecule of diagnostic value compared to a standard PVDF membrane.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Molecular diagnostics of dentinal fluid are hampered by low yields. In the current study, it was shown that cellulose membranes are more useful to collect MMP-2 from dentinal fluid than PVDF membranes.
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology, and Cariology, University of Zürich, Center of Dental Medicine, Plattenstrasse 11, CH-8032 Zürich, Switzerland. Electronic address: matthias.zehnder@zzm.uzh.ch.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zehnder
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology, and Cariology, University of Zürich, Center of Dental Medicine, Plattenstrasse 11, CH-8032 Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Dan-Krister
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Rechenberg
authors.affiliation: Oral Translational Research, Institute of Oral Biology, University of Zürich, Center of Dental Medicine, Plattenstrasse 11, CH-8032 Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Nagihan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bostanci
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology, and Cariology, University of Zürich, Center of Dental Medicine, Plattenstrasse 11, CH-8032 Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Filiz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sisman
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology, and Cariology, University of Zürich, Center of Dental Medicine, Plattenstrasse 11, CH-8032 Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Attin
mesh_terms: D065966:Absorption, Physicochemical; D000328:Adult; D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent; D003804:Dentin / Q000201:enzymology; D019234:Dentinal Fluid / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000201:enzymology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000032:analysis; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D008851:Micropore Filters; D008875:Middle Aged; D011145:Polyvinyls / Q000737:chemistry; D016062:Porosity; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D011897:Random Allocation; D019233:Retreatment; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D005465:Fluorocarbon Polymers
chemical_list: D002482:Cellulose; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D011145:Polyvinyls; D011506:Proteins; D014867:Water; C024865:polyvinylidene fluoride; D005465:Fluorocarbon Polymers; C522361:MMP2 protein, human
keywords: Dentinal fluid; Diagnostics; MMP-2