title: Examining the role of acculturation in the leisure-time physical activity of South Asians living in Canada.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to examine the leisure-time physical activity of South Asians living in Canada using a four-mode, bidimensional acculturation framework.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional, descriptive study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A random sample (N=204) of South Asian adults living in Calgary, Canada completed a telephone interview that assessed their leisure-time physical activity and acculturation. Interviews were conducted in either English or Punjabi, depending on participant preference.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cluster analysis identified four acculturation clusters: Low-Separated and High-Separated (with separation signifying different preference levels for maintaining one's heritage culture while distancing oneself from the mainstream culture); and Integrated-Heritage and Integrated-Mainstream (with integration indicating a preference for maintaining one's heritage culture and being involved in the mainstream culture-albeit with the former cluster emphasizing heritage more whereas the latter cluster emphasized the mainstream more). A MANOVA performed on light, moderate, and vigorous leisure-time physical activity using the four clusters was significant (p<.05). Moderate leisure-time physical activity was greater for the two separated clusters than the two integrated clusters (p<.05), with the Separated-Low cluster being greater than both the Integrated-Mainstream (p<.05) and the Integrated-Heritage (p<.01) clusters. Vigorous leisure-time physical activity was greater for the two integrated clusters than the two separated clusters (p<.01), with the Integrated-Mainstream cluster being greater than both the Separated-Low (p<.05) and Separated-High (p<.01) clusters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An integrative, four-mode bidimensional approach should be employed when developing messages and designing programs to promote and encourage leisure-time physical activity in South Asian communities.
authors.affiliation: University of Alberta, Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, Canada. Electronic address: gordon.walker@ualberta.ca.
authors.forename: Gordon J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.affiliation: University of British Columbia, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, Canada. Electronic address: cristina.caperchione@ubc.ca.
authors.forename: Cristina M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Caperchione
authors.affiliation: University of Alberta, Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, Canada. Electronic address: kerry.mummery@ualberta.ca.
authors.forename: W Kerry
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Mummery
authors.affiliation: University of British Columbia, School of Social Work, Canada. Electronic address: shirley.chau@ubc.ca.
authors.forename: Shirley
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chau
mesh_terms: D000069:Acculturation; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002170:Canada; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000208:ethnology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010154:Pakistan / Q000208:ethnology; D011998:Recreation; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Acculturation; Health promotion; Physical activity; South Asian