title: Is autoimmune thyroid dysfunction a risk factor for gestational diabetes?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Some recent studies have related autoimmune thyroid dysfunction and gestational diabetes (GD). The common factor for both conditions could be the existence of pro-inflammatory homeostasis. The study objective was therefore to assess whether the presence of antithyroid antibodies is related to the occurrence of GD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-six pregnant women with serum TSH levels ≥ 2.5 mU/mL during the first trimester were retrospectively studied. Antithyroid antibodies were measured, and an O'Sullivan test was performed. GD was diagnosed based on the criteria of the Spanish Group on Diabetes and Pregnancy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Positive antithyroid antibodies were found in 21 (37.50%) women. GD was diagnosed in 15 patients, 6 of whom (10.71%) had positive antibodies, while 9 (16.07%) had negative antibodies. Data were analyzed using exact logistic regression by LogXact-8 Cytel; no statistically significant differences were found between GD patients with positive and negative autoimmunity (OR = 1.15 [95%CI = 0.28-4.51]; P=1.00).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of thyroid autoimmunity in women with TSH above the recommended values at the beginning of pregnancy is not associated to development of GD. However, GD prevalence was higher in these patients as compared to the Spanish general population, suggesting the need for closer monitoring in pregnant women with TSH levels ≥ 2.5 mU/mL.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, España.
authors.forename: Eider
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pascual Corrales
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, España.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Andrada
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ginecología y Obstetricia, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, España.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aubá
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ginecología y Obstetricia, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, España.
authors.forename: Alvaro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ruiz Zambrana
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, España.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guillén Grima
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, España.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salvador
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, España.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Escalada
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, España. Electronic address: jcgalofre@unav.es.
authors.forename: Juan C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Galofré
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007037:Hypothyroidism / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Autoimmunity; Autoinmunidad; Diabetes gestacional; Gestational diabetes; Hipotiroidismo; Hypothyroidism