title: Movement deviation and asymmetry assessment with three dimensional gait analysis of both upper- and lower extremity results in four different clinical relevant subgroups in unilateral cerebral palsy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In unilateral cerebral palsy, movement pattern can be difficult to define and quantify. The aim was to assess the degree of deviation and asymmetry in upper and lower extremities during walking.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-seven patients, 45 Gross Motor Function Classification Scale (GMFCS) I and 2 patients GMFCS II, mean age 17.1 years (range 13.1 to 24.0) and 15 matched controls were evaluated. Gait profile score (GPS) and arm posture score (APS) were calculated from three-dimensional gait analysis (GA). Asymmetry was the calculated difference in deviation between affected and unaffected sides.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The GPS was significantly increased compared to the control group on the affected side (6.93 (2.08) versus 4.23 (1.11) degrees) and on the unaffected side (6.67 (2.14)). The APS was also significantly increased on the affected side (10.39 (5.01) versus 5.52 (1.71) degrees) and on the unaffected side (7.13 (2.23)). The lower extremity asymmetry increased (significantly) in comparison with the control group (7.89 (3.82) versus 3.90 (1.01)) and correspondingly in the upper extremity (9.75 (4.62) versus 5.72 (1.84)). The GPS was not different between affected and unaffected sides, however the APS was different (statistically significant).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We calculated deviation and asymmetry of movement during walking in unilateral CP, identifying four important clinical groups: close to normal, deviations mainly in the leg, deviations mainly in the arm and those with deviation in the arm and leg. This method can be applied to any patient group, and aid in diagnosing, planning treatment, and prognosis.
authors.affiliation: University of Skövde, Box 408, 541 28 Skövde, Sweden. Electronic address: dan.lundh@his.se.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lundh
authors.affiliation: Motion and Sports Lab, Baylor University Medical Center, 411 N. Washington Ave Suite 2100, Dallas, TX 752 46, USA.
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Coleman
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Department, Skaraborg Hospital Skövde, 541 85 Skövde, Sweden; Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Riad
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000368:Aged; D001132:Arm / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004550:Elbow / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D011187:Posture; D016138:Walking; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Deviation; Gait; Gait analysis; Movement pattern; Symmetry; Unilateral cerebral palsy