title: The NIAID Integrated Research Facility at Frederick, Maryland: a unique international resource to facilitate medical countermeasure development for BSL-4 pathogens.
abstract: Scientists at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, coordinate and facilitate preclinical research on infectious diseases to develop medical countermeasures for high-consequence pathogens. This facility is unique in that it is the only maximum containment laboratory in the world where conventional and molecular medical imaging equipments are incorporated into the design of the facility. This capability provides investigators with unique tools to dissect disease pathogenesis, evaluate the ability of animal models to recapitulate human disease, and test candidate countermeasures. Importantly, advanced molecular imaging has the potential to provide alternative endpoints to lethality. Using these alternative endpoints, investigators can reduce the number of animals used in experiments and evaluate countermeasures in sublethal models. With the incorporation of medical imaging modalities, a clinical laboratory modeled after those existing in hospitals, and a highly trained veterinary medicine team, IRF-Frederick is uniquely suited to advance our understanding of emerging infectious diseases and to facilitate the development of medical countermeasures and clinical care paradigms previously considered impossible.
authors.affiliation: Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA; Emerging Viral Pathogens Section, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Peter B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Jahrling
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Keith
authors.forename: Marisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: St Claire
authors.forename: Reed F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bollinger
authors.forename: Matthew G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Lackemeyer
authors.forename: Lisa E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Hensley
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kindrachuk
authors.forename: Jens H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kuhn
mesh_terms: D032761:Animal Experimentation; D000818:Animals; D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000379:methods*; D019411:Clinical Laboratory Techniques / Q000379:methods; D003140:Communicable Disease Control / Q000379:methods*; D003141:Communicable Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D003264:Containment of Biohazards; D006801:Humans; D008396:Maryland; D054579:National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (U.S.); D016272:Occupational Health; D061848:Optical Imaging / Q000379:methods; D014481:United States; D014730:Veterinary Medicine / Q000379:methods
keywords: BSL-4; countermeasures; medical imaging; viral hemorrhagic fever