title: Inflammatory activity at school age in very low birth weight bronchopulmonary dysplasia survivors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Airway inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). The aim of the study was to evaluate the inflammatory activity in plasma and exhaled air in very low birth weight (VLBW) BPD survivors at school age.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one 6-14-year-old former VLBW (birth weight ≤1,500 g) children with severe radiographic BPD (radBPD), 19 without radBPD (nonBPD group) and 19 non-asthmatic term controls underwent measurement of eosinophil cationic protein, IL-6, IL-8, adiponectin, adipsin, leptin, and resistin in plasma, leukotriene B4 and 8-isoprostane in exhaled breath condensate, and NO in exhaled breath. Background data were obtained from patient records, clinical examination and parental questionnaire. Both univariate and multivariate models were applied in the statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences between the groups in any of the inflammatory markers measured. Five (25%) radBPD and 2 (11%) nonBPD children reported asthma (P = 0.058). In logistic regression analysis, exposure to chorioamnionitis was associated with low IL-8 (OR 29.0, 95% CI 3.27-258) and postnatal corticosteroid therapy with high adiponectin (OR 32.0, 95% CI 1.29-793). High body mass index standard deviation score (BMI-SDS) was associated with high plasma adipsin (OR 2.47, 95% CI 1.07-5.75) and leptin (OR 5.76, 95%CI 1.83-18.2) levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The inflammatory activity seems to decrease by school age in VLBW BPD survivors. Chorioamnionitis and postnatal corticosteroid treatment may modulate the inflammatory responsiveness in VLBW subjects even up to school age. The respiratory outcome in VLBW infants might be improved by preventing excessive weight gain.
authors.affiliation: Tampere Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Päivi H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Korhonen
authors.affiliation: Tampere Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Piia H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Suursalmi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Päijät-Häme Central Hospital, Lahti, Finland.
authors.forename: Tarja
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kopeli
authors.affiliation: The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Riina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nieminen
authors.affiliation: The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.|Allergy Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Lauri
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lehtimäki
authors.affiliation: Science Center, Pirkanmaa Hospital District and School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Tiina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Luukkaala
authors.affiliation: Tampere Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Matti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Korppi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: Antti
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saari
authors.affiliation: The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Eeva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Moilanen
authors.affiliation: Tampere Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Outi K T
authors.initials: OK
authors.lastname: Tammela
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000293:Adolescent; D001249:Asthma / Q000453:epidemiology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001997:Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D002821:Chorioamnionitis; D011416:Complement Factor D / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D019102:Infant, Very Low Birth Weight; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D016015:Logistic Models; D011247:Pregnancy; D017741:Survivors
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D015415:Biomarkers; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D020738:Leptin; D011416:Complement Factor D
keywords: adipokine; body mass index; exhaled breath; interleukin; nitric oxide; premature infant