title: Beneficial effects of Astragaloside IV for hair loss via inhibition of Fas/Fas L-mediated apoptotic signaling.
abstract: Apoptosis with premature termination of hair follicle growth induces several types of hair loss and is one of the crucial factors of hair loss. Astragaloside IV, which is a major component of Astragalus membranaceus, is a cycloartane triterpene saponin. Although an anti-apoptotic effect of Astragaloside IV has been reported, its effects against hair loss have not been investigated. To explore the underlying mechanisms of Astragaloside IV on apoptotic signaling in hair follicle, the dorsal skin of depilated C57BL/6 mice was topically treated with 1 and 100 μM Astragaloside IV for 14 days. In Astragaloside IV-treated group, TUNEL-positive cells were reduced. We found that Astragaloside IV blocked the procaspase-8, resulting in the inhibition of caspase-3 and procaspase-9 activities. The changes were accompanied with down-regulation of Bax and p53, and up-regulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL by Astragaloside IV treatment. In addition, activation of NF-κB and phosphorylation of IκB-α were inhibited, along with decreases in three MAPKs: ERK, SAPK/JNK and p38 by Astragaloside IV. The expressions of KGF, p21, TNF-α and IL-1β, which are keratinocyte terminal differentiation markers associated with catagen, were modulated by treatment with Astragaloside IV. These results demonstrated that Astragaloside IV is concerned with blocking the Fas/Fas L-mediated apoptotic pathway, which would be an alternative therapy for hair loss.
authors.affiliation: College of Korean Medicine and Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Mi Hye
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung-Hoon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: College of Korean Medicine and Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Woong Mo
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000505:Alopecia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D018859:Hair Follicle / Q000378:metabolism; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D012503:Saponins / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D016328:NF-kappa B; C000606205:Nfkbia protein, mouse; D012503:Saponins; D014315:Triterpenes; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019014:fas Receptor; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; C052064:astragaloside A; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D053148:Caspase 3