title: Extra roots and root canals in premolar and molar teeth: review of an endodontic challenge.
abstract: The main goal of endodontic treatment is healing of the periapical tissues which are gained by elimination of bacteria and their byproducts from the canal and prevention from reinfection. Understanding of root canal anatomy is an essential part in endodontic treatment. Anatomic forms and variations in special teeth should be well known, one of them is extra roots/ canals. Although possible aberrations of canal anatomy should be considered for all teeth, some teeth should be highlighted. This review addresses the prevalence, diagnosis (clinical and radiographic), and endodontic management of teeth with extra roots/canals.
authors.affiliation: Iranian Center for Endodontic research (ICER), Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Zahed
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Mohammadi
authors.affiliation: Private Dental Practice, Hamedan, Iran.
authors.forename: Sousan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shalavi
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Dental Research Center, Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, e-mail: hamid_j365@yahoo.com and jafarzadehBH@mums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Hamid
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jafarzadeh
mesh_terms: D063405:Anatomic Variation; D001641:Bicuspid / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D008963:Molar / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D012390:Root Canal Therapy / Q000379:methods; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000033:anatomy & histology*