title: The mesenterially perfused rat small intestine: A versatile approach for pharmacological testings.
abstract: Pharmaceutical compounds enter the body via several major natural gateways; i.e. the lung, the skin and the gastrointestinal tract. Drug application during surgical operations can lead to severe impairment of gastrointestinal motility, which can contribute to a paralytic ileus. Here we investigated an ex vivo perfused small intestine model that allows us to ascertain the influence of pharmaceuticals upon the gut. Corresponding segments from the proximal jejunum of adult rats were used. Their mesenteric arteries and veins were cannulated and the jejunal segment excised. The individual segments were placed in a custom designed perfusion chamber and perfusion performed through the intestinal lumen as well as the mesenteric superior artery. Three test drugs, which are commonly used in anesthesiology; i.e. pentobarbital, propofol and ketamine were administered via the blood vessels. Their effects upon gastrointestinal motility patterns were evaluated by optical measurements. Longitudinal and pendular movements were distinguishable and separately analyzed. Pharmacological effects of the individual substances could be investigated. Propofol (50-200 μg/ml) was found to decrease intestinal motility, especially longitudinal movements in a dose dependent manner. Pentobarbital decreased intestinal motility only at high concentrations, above 2.5 mg/ml. A dose of 2.5 mg/ml lead to an increase in longitudinal- and pendular movements in comparison to control, while ketamine (2.5-10 mg/ml) did not alter intestinal motility at all. Histological examination of the perfused segments revealed only minor changes in tissue morphology after perfusion. The perfusion approach shown here allows for the identification of compounds which interfere with gut motility in a highly sophisticated way. It is suitable for characterization of drug and dose specific changes in motility patterns and can be used in drug development and preclinical studies.
authors.affiliation: ENS Group, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Amerikastrasse 1, 66482 Zweibrücken, Germany. Electronic address: Dominik.Schreiber@fh-kl.de.
authors.forename: Dominik
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schreiber
authors.affiliation: ENS Group, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Amerikastrasse 1, 66482 Zweibrücken, Germany. Electronic address: MarkusKlotz1@gmx.de.
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Klotz
authors.affiliation: ENS Group, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Amerikastrasse 1, 66482 Zweibrücken, Germany.
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Laures
authors.affiliation: ENS Group, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Amerikastrasse 1, 66482 Zweibrücken, Germany. Electronic address: jacl0001@stud.fh-kl.de.
authors.forename: Jasmin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Clasohm
authors.affiliation: ENS Group, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Amerikastrasse 1, 66482 Zweibrücken, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bischof
authors.affiliation: ENS Group, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Amerikastrasse 1, 66482 Zweibrücken, Germany; Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany. Electronic address: karl-herbert.schaefer@fh-kl.de.
authors.forename: Karl-Herbert
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Schäfer
mesh_terms: D000777:Anesthetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative / Q000494:pharmacology; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility / Q000187:drug effects; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000187:drug effects*; D007649:Ketamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D010477:Perfusion; D010634:Phenobarbital / Q000494:pharmacology; D015742:Propofol / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000187:drug effects*; D013152:Splanchnic Circulation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000777:Anesthetics; D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D007649:Ketamine; D015742:Propofol; D010634:Phenobarbital
keywords: Gastrointestinal motility; Ketamine; Methods; Organ perfusion; Pentobarbital; Propofol; Small intestine