title: iPS cell technologies: significance and applications to CNS regeneration and disease.
abstract: In 2006, we demonstrated that mature somatic cells can be reprogrammed to a pluripotent state by gene transfer, generating induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. Since that time, there has been an enormous increase in interest regarding the application of iPS cell technologies to medical science, in particular for regenerative medicine and human disease modeling. In this review article, we outline the current status of applications of iPS technology to cell therapies (particularly for spinal cord injury), as well as neurological disease-specific iPS cell research (particularly for Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease). Finally, future directions of iPS cell research are discussed including a) development of an accurate assay system for disease-associated phenotypes, b) demonstration of causative relationships between genotypes and phenotypes by genome editing, c) application to sporadic and common diseases, and d) application to preemptive medicine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan. hidokano@a2.keio.jp.
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okano
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamanaka
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002493:Central Nervous System Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D057026:Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D009416:Nerve Regeneration; D044968:Regenerative Medicine / Q000379:methods*; D057905:Stem Cell Research