title: In vitro immune functions in thiamine-replete and -depleted lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush).
abstract: In this study we examined the impacts of in vivo thiamine deficiency on lake trout leukocyte function measured in vitro. When compared outside the context of individual-specific thiamine concentrations no significant differences were observed in leukocyte bactericidal activity or in concanavalin A (Con A), and phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA-P) stimulated leukocyte proliferation. Placing immune functions into context with the ratio of in vivo liver thiamine monophosphate (TMP--biologically inactive form) to thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP--biologically active form) proved to be the best indicator of thiamine depletion impacts as determined using regression modeling. These observed relationships indicated differential effects on the immune measures with bactericidal activity exhibiting an inverse relationship with TMP to TPP ratios, Con A stimulated mitogenesis exhibiting a positive relationship with TMP to TPP ratios and PHA-P stimulated mitogenesis exhibiting no significant relationships. In addition, these relationships showed considerable complexity which included the consistent observation of a thiamine-replete subgroup with characteristics similar to those seen in the leukocytes from thiamine-depleted fish. When considered together, our observations indicate that lake trout leukocytes experience cell-type specific impacts as well as an altered physiologic environment when confronted with a thiamine-limited state.
authors.affiliation: U.S. Geological Survey, Leetown Science Center, National Fish Health Research Laboratory, Leetown, WV 25430, USA. Electronic address: ottingerfamily@hughes.net.
authors.forename: Christopher A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Ottinger
authors.affiliation: U.S. Geological Survey, Leetown Science Center, Northern Appalachian Research Laboratory, Wellsboro, PA 16901, USA.
authors.forename: Dale C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Honeyfield
authors.affiliation: U.S. Geological Survey, Leetown Science Center, National Fish Health Research Laboratory, Leetown, WV 25430, USA.
authors.forename: Christine L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Densmore
authors.affiliation: U.S. Geological Survey, Leetown Science Center, National Fish Health Research Laboratory, Leetown, WV 25430, USA.
authors.forename: Luke R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Iwanowicz
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000502:physiology; D013831:Thiamine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013832:Thiamine Deficiency / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary*; D014337:Trout / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D013831:Thiamine
keywords: Great lakes; In vitro; Lake trout; Oxidative stress; Thiamine