title: The use of self-report exposure measures among novice motorcyclists: appropriateness and best practice recommendations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  While self-report methods to collect exposure information have large practical advantages in many research contexts, little research has specifically investigated the reliability and validity of motorcyclists' self-reported exposure. The present study aimed to examine the reliability and validity of different self-report exposure measures and to provide recommendations on best practice self-report riding exposure questions.
  
  
  METHODS
  The reliability and validity of different self-report exposure measures were examined amongst novice motorcyclists through t-tests, Bland Altman plots, coefficients of variation, and correlations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most valid and reliable data was provided when riding exposure was asked for the current average week rather than earlier and longer periods, and in units of time rather than distance or number of trips. The greater reliability of riding exposure found amongst commuting and rural riders compared to recreational and metropolitan riders respectively and at the second interview compared to the first suggests that factors such as riding purposes, geographical locations, and riding experience can contribute to measurement error.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  If self-reported odometer readings are used, questions on whether the respondents share their own bike or ride more than one bike, and a built-in process to ensure respondents report the exact odometer reading on their bike are recommended. It is recommended that self-report riding exposure questions ask about the hours of riding for the current average week, and data on riding purposes, locations, and experience are also collected.
authors.affiliation: a The George Institute for Global Health, School of Public Health , University of Sydney , Sydney , New South Wales , Australia.
authors.forename: Chika
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sakashita
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Senserrick
authors.forename: Soufiane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Boufous
authors.forename: Liz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: De Rome
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Elkington
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ivers
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009049:Motorcycles; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D057566:Self Report; D014507:Urbanization; D014739:Victoria; D055815:Young Adult