title: Development of on-line comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography method for the separation of biomass compounds.
abstract: Comprehensive on-line two-dimensional liquid chromatography (on-line LC × LC) was used for the characterization of bio-oils obtained by fast pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass. The resulting bio-oil contains a large number of oxygenated chemical families and must therefore be upgraded before being used as drop-in transportation biofuels. The good knowledge of its complex composition is essential for optimizing the mandatory bio-oil upgrading process to biofuels, thereby requiring powerful separation techniques designed to be hyphenated to mass spectrometry detection (LC × LC-MS). In this study, reversed phase conditions were optimized in both dimensions for the RPLC × RPLC separation of the aqueous fraction of bio-oils. The first step of method development consisted in searching for a suitable set of RP-conditions via the screening of a large number of RP-systems (made up of different stationary phases and/or mobile phases and/or temperature). The practical peak capacity and the degree of orthogonality were calculated for a sample of 38 representative compounds, both descriptors having been considered as selection criterion. Two different couplings were chosen and evaluated for the RPLC × RPLC separation of the 38 representative compounds. The best of both, in terms of real practical peak capacity, was further successfully applied to the separation of the aqueous phase of a partially dehydroxygenated bio-oil.
authors.affiliation: IFP Energies Nouvelles-Lyon, Direction Physique et Analyse, Rond-Point de l'échangeur de Solaize, BP3-69360 Solaize France.
authors.forename: Agnès
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Le Masle
authors.affiliation: Institut des Sciences Analytiques, CNRS UMR 5280, Université de Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne France.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Angot
authors.affiliation: IFP Energies Nouvelles-Lyon, Direction Physique et Analyse, Rond-Point de l'échangeur de Solaize, BP3-69360 Solaize France.
authors.forename: Cécile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gouin
authors.affiliation: Institut des Sciences Analytiques, CNRS UMR 5280, Université de Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne France.
authors.forename: Amélie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: D'Attoma
authors.affiliation: IFP Energies Nouvelles-Lyon, Direction Physique et Analyse, Rond-Point de l'échangeur de Solaize, BP3-69360 Solaize France.
authors.forename: Jérémie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ponthus
authors.affiliation: IFP Energies Nouvelles-Lyon, Direction Physique et Analyse, Rond-Point de l'échangeur de Solaize, BP3-69360 Solaize France.
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Quignard
authors.affiliation: Institut des Sciences Analytiques, CNRS UMR 5280, Université de Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne France. Electronic address: sabine.heinisch@univ-lyon1.fr.
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Heinisch
mesh_terms: D056804:Biofuels; D018533:Biomass; D056148:Chromatography, Reverse-Phase / Q000379:methods*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels
keywords: Bio-oil; Biomass; Practical peak capacity; RPLC×RPLC; Two-dimensional liquid chromatography