title: Chemical and pharmacological investigation of the stem bark of Synadenium grantii.
abstract: Based on the fact that Synadenium grantii is used in folk medicine for the treatment of peptic ulcers and inflammatory diseases, this work describes its chemical and pharmacological properties. Pharmacological investigation of the crude bark extract showed a high antioxidant activity over several scavenger systems, such as 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylenebenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)• +, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl•, O2 • - , and HOCl, as well as an enzymatic system with human myeloperoxidase and an ex vivo hemolysis system. Furthermore, the oral administration of the crude bark extract was able to reduce carrageenan-induced rat paw edema as effectively as ibuprofen. These biological activities may be associated with the presence of flavonoids and terpenes, as revealed by HPLC and NMR analyses of the crude stem bark extract. The phytochemical investigations in this study resulted in the isolation of friedelin and 3β-friedelinol for the first time, while euphol and lanosterol were also isolated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Antonio C M
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Munhoz
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bruno R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Minozzo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiza S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Cruz
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thaís L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Willian M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Airton V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Francine A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Manente
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: José C R
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Vellosa
authors.affiliation: NMR Center, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Angelita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nepel
authors.affiliation: NMR Center, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Andersson
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barison
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Flávio L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Beltrame
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D052160:Benzothiazoles / Q000378:metabolism; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D002351:Carrageenan; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D028481:Euphorbia / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D007810:Lanosterol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010851:Picrates / Q000378:metabolism; D024301:Plant Bark / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000737:chemistry; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013451:Sulfonic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000094042:Lupanes
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D052160:Benzothiazoles; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D002351:Carrageenan; D005419:Flavonoids; D007810:Lanosterol; D009195:Peroxidase; D010851:Picrates; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013451:Sulfonic Acids; D014315:Triterpenes; C002502:2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid; C062557:euphol; C060796:friedelin; D000094042:Lupanes; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl