title: The Reverend Russell H. Conwell, W. Wayne Babcock, and the "soup bone" cranioplasties of 1915.
abstract: In 1915, faced with 2 patients with large skull defects, W. Wayne Babcock, an obstetrician-gynecologist-turned-general surgeon, operating in a modest North Philadelphia hospital, did something extraordinary: he went to the hospital kitchen to look for a cranial graft. Based heavily on archival and other primary sources, the authors tell the remarkable tale of the "soup bone" cranioplasties of the Samaritan Hospital and place these operations within the context of the early modern American hospital.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University/Montefiore Medical Center; and.
authors.forename: Adam L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Sandler
authors.forename: Arundhati
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Biswas
authors.forename: James Tait
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Goodrich
mesh_terms: D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001847:Bone Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D003399:Craniotomy / Q000266:history / Q000379:methods*; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000266:history / Q000379:methods*; D019291:Skull Base / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials