title: The impact of stimulus valence and emotion regulation on sustained brain activation: task-rest switching in emotion.
abstract: Task-rest interactions, defined as the modulation of brain activation during fixation periods depending on the preceding stimulation and experimental manipulation, have been described repeatedly for different cognitively demanding tasks in various regions across the brain. However, task-rest interactions in emotive paradigms have received considerably less attention. In this study, we therefore investigated task-rest interactions evoked by the induction and instructed regulation of negative emotion. Whole-brain, functional MRI data were acquired from 55 healthy participants. Two-level general linear model statistics were computed to test for differences between conditions, separately for stimulation and for fixation periods, as well as for interactions between stimulation and fixation (task-rest interactions). Results showed that the regulation of negative emotion led to reverse task-rest interactions (decreased activation during stimulation but increased activation during fixation) in the amygdala as well as in visual cortex regions and to concordant task-rest interactions (increased activation during both, stimulation and fixation) in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex as well as in a number of brain regions at the intersection of the default mode and the dorsal attention networks. Thus, this first whole-brain investigation of task-rest interactions following the induction and regulation of negative emotion identified a widespread specific modulation of brain activation in regions subserving emotion generation and regulation as well as regions implicated in attention and default mode.
authors.affiliation: Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry & Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychology, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Jan-Peter
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Lamke
authors.affiliation: Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry & Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Judith K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Daniels
authors.affiliation: Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry & Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dörfel
authors.affiliation: Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry & Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychology, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gaebler
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Rasha
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Abdel Rahman
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Psychology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Falk
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hummel
authors.affiliation: Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry & Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Erk
authors.affiliation: Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry & Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Walter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000679:Amygdala / Q000502:physiology*; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000502:physiology; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000502:physiology; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000502:physiology; D012146:Rest / Q000502:physiology*; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult