title: [Endoscopic transnasal approach for nasopharyngeal angiofibroma without arterial embolism].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the feasibility of endoscopic resection without arterial embolism for nasopharyngeal angiofibroma and the strategy of decreasing the bleeding during the operation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The clinical data of twenty-five cases of nasopharyngeal angiofibroma were retrospective analyzed, including 3 cases of Radowski stageIIa, 5 cases of stageIIb, 4 cases of stageIIc and with 13 cases of stage IIIa. All cases did not receive the arterial embolism, and controlled hypotension were adopted under endoscopic transnasal approach during the tumor resection. Two cases were added the labiogingival incision. During the operation, under the opening vision, cutting out the outside of the infratemporal fossa, and the pterygoid process to adequate exposure the pterygopalatine fossa and infratemporal fossa.Early recognition of anatomical landmarks and establish the safety plane, along the periphery of the tumor to proceed with micro-separation, early blocking tumor nutrient vessels, en bloc resection of the tumor and some other ways to reduce bleeding and tumor resection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Amount of bleeding during operation was 600-1500 ml, none of them had internal carotid artery injury and intracranial injury or some other complication.Follow-up 2-3 years was available in all patients, except 1 case with residual of tumor surrounding the optic nerve, the other 24 cases had no residual tumor and relapses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The preoperative occlusion and artery ligation may not be needed.Surgical technique is the key to reduce blood loss, and it is feasible to have endoscopic resection of nasopharyngeal angiofibroma with proper operating technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Gaozhou people's Hospital,Guangdong 525200, China. Email: dh_yang@126.com.
authors.forename: Donghui
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Qianhui
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: Minzhi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Xianggao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Guangsheng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xia
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D018322:Angiofibroma / Q000601:surgery*; D004724:Endoscopy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D059747:Nasal Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D009303:Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult