title: Comparison of the antibacterial activity of lidocaine 1% versus alkalinized lidocaine in vitro.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Infections after epidural and spinal blocks are rare. The topical anesthetic liclocaine used in these procedures has been found to have antibacterial effects on various microorganisms.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess the antibacterial effects of alkalinized liclocaine on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lidocaine 2%, alkalinized lidocaine, and physiologic saline (as a control solution) were added to standard bacterial preparations. The final concentration of the lidocaine was 10 mg/mL (1%). At baseline and 3 and 6 hours after incubation at 37°C, 3-mL aliquots were vortexed and pipetted into sterile polystyrene spectrophotometer cuvettes. Baseline referred to the end of the period of preparation of the solution (≤20 minutes). Growth was measured as the optical density at a wavelength of 540 nm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the control, lidocaine significantly inhibited the growth of S aureus, E coli, and P aeruginosa at baseline and 3 and 6 hours after incubation (all, P < 0.05). Alkalinized lidocaine significantly inhibited the growth of S aureus at baseline and 3 and 6 hours (all, P < 0.05), while it significantly inhibited the growth of E coli and P aeruginosa only at 6 hours (both, P < 0.05). The growth of E coli was significantly less in lidocaine than in alkalinized lidocaine at 0 and 3 hours (both, P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The antibacterial effect of lidocaine 1% on S aureus was not changed after alkalinization. The effect of alkalinized lidocaine on E coli and P aeruginosa was significant only at 6 hours. Lidocaine significantly inhibited the growth of these 3 microorganisms at all study periods.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Inonu University, School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Zekine
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Begec
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Inonu University, School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Nurcin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gulhas
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Inonu University, School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey.
authors.forename: H Ilksen
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Toprak
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Inonu University, School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gulay
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yetkin
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Inonu University, School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Cigdem
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kuzucu
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Inonu University, School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey.
authors.forename: M Ozcan
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Ersoy
keywords: alkalinization; lidocaine; microbiologic phenomena; sodium bicarbonate