title: Characterization of sal(A), a novel gene responsible for lincosamide and streptogramin A resistance in Staphylococcus sciuri.
abstract: Natural resistance to lincosamides and streptogramins A (LSA), which is a species characteristic of Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus faecalis, has never been documented in the Staphylococcus genus. We investigate here the molecular basis of the LSA phenotype exhibited by seven reference strains of Staphylococcus sciuri, including the type strains of the three described subspecies. By whole-genome sequencing of strain ATCC 29059, we identified a candidate gene that encodes an ATP-binding cassette protein similar to the Lsa and VmlR resistance determinants. Isolation and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) expression studies confirmed that Sal(A) can confer a moderate resistance to lincosamides (8 times the MIC of lincomycin) and a high-level resistance to streptogramins A (64 times the MIC of pristinamycin II). The chromosomal location of sal(A) between two housekeeping genes of the staphylococcal core genome supports the gene's ancient origins and thus innate resistance to these antimicrobials within S. sciuri subspecies.
authors.affiliation: Institut Pasteur, Unité des Membranes Bactériennes, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Chloé
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hot
authors.affiliation: Institut Pasteur, Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Paris, France Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, UMR 3569, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Berthet
authors.affiliation: Institut Pasteur, Unité des Membranes Bactériennes, Paris, France olivier.chesneau@pasteur.fr.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Chesneau
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D055231:Lincosamides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010641:Phenotype; D010802:Phylogeny; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D013210:Staphylococcus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D025364:Streptogramin A / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D055231:Lincosamides; D025364:Streptogramin A