title: Neuropsychiatric outcomes of stroke.
abstract: The most common neuropsychiatric outcomes of stroke are depression, anxiety, fatigue, and apathy, which each occur in at least 30% of patients and have substantial overlap of prevalence and symptoms. Emotional lability, personality changes, psychosis, and mania are less common but equally distressing symptoms that are also challenging to manage. The cause of these syndromes is not known, and there is no clear relation to location of brain lesion. There are important gaps in knowledge about how to manage these disorders, even for depression, which is the most studied syndrome. Further research is needed to identify causes and interventions to prevent and treat these disorders.
authors.affiliation: The George Institute for Global Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK.
authors.forename: Maree L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Hackett
authors.affiliation: Alzheimer Centre Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Köhler
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: John T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.affiliation: Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, UK. Electronic address: gillian.e.mead@ed.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Gillian E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Mead
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications*