title: Real time observation of the formation of hollow nanostructures through solid state reactions.
abstract: We demonstrate the formation of hollow nickel germanide nanostructures of Ni-Ge core-shell nanoparticles by solid state reactions. The structural evolutions of nickel germanide hollow nanostructures have been investigated in real-time ultrahigh vacuum transmission electron microscopy (UHV-TEM). Annealed above 450 °C, the nonequilibrium interdiffusion of core and shell species occurred at the interface; thus, Ni germanide hollow nanostructures were formed by solid state reactions involving the Kirkendall effect. In addition, the different hollow nanostructures formed from different core diameters of Ni-Ge core-shell nanoparticles have been studied. Also, we propose the mechanism with effects of the size and annealing duration on the solid state reactions based on the Kirkendall effect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University , No. 1001, University Rd, East Dist., Hsinchu City, 300, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Huang-Yen
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Chun-Wei
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Chung-Hua
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.forename: Chun-Wen
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jui-Yuan
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yu-Ting
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Kuo-Chang
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Wen-Wei
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D049329:Nanostructures