title: Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation and release of fluoride from experimental resin-based composites depending on surface treatment and S-PRG filler particle fraction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate fluoride release and biofilm formation on resin-based composites (RBCs) including surface pre-reacted glass ionomer (S-PRG) filler particles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Specimens were prepared from experimental RBCs including different fractions of S-PRG fillers (0/10/30/50/70% w/v). RBCs were light cured against mylar strips (MYL), and 50% of the specimens were additionally polished to a high gloss (POL). Surface roughness (SR), surface free energy (SFE) and fluoride release were determined. Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation (SMBF) was simulated for 48 h and 120 h; adherent viable biomass was assessed using an MTT-based assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The highest SR was identified for POL specimens manufactured from the RBC with a filler fraction of 70%. For all specimens and surface treatments, polishing caused an increase in surface free energy. For both MYL and POL specimens, increasing the filler fraction coincided with an increased release of fluoride; a higher release of fluoride was identified for POL specimens with filler fractions of 50% and 70% in comparison to their MYL counterparts. Release of fluoride was lower after 120 h than after 48 h. No differences in SMBF were identified between MYL and POL specimens with identical filler fractions after 48 h of biofilm formation; with increasing filler fractions, a tendency towards decreasing SMBF was observed. After 120 h, less SMBF was identified for POL specimens with filler fractions of 30%, 50% and 70% in comparison to corresponding MYL specimens.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The inclusion of S-PRG fillers and an effective surface treatment may reduce biofilm formation on RBCs.
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hahnel
authors.forename: Daniel S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Wastl
authors.forename: Sibylle
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schneider-Feyrer
authors.forename: Franz J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Giessibl
authors.forename: Eugenio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brambilla
authors.forename: Gloria
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cazzaniga
authors.forename: Andrei
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ionescu
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development*; D018533:Biomass; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000382:microbiology; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000382:microbiology; D003775:Dental Polishing / Q000379:methods; D004058:Diffusion; D005459:Fluorides / Q000737:chemistry*; D055115:Light-Curing of Dental Adhesives / Q000379:methods; D008422:Materials Testing; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D012463:Saliva / Q000382:microbiology; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000502:physiology*; D013499:Surface Properties; D013500:Surface Tension; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003188:Composite Resins; D003764:Dental Materials; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; C015897:glass ionomer; C020946:triethylene glycol dimethacrylate; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; C022616:thiazolyl blue; D005459:Fluorides