title: Linguistic validation into 20 languages and content validity of the rheumatoid arthritis-specific Work Productivity and Activity Impairment questionnaire.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Impairments in work productivity and daily activities contribute to the burden of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It is thus essential to use an instrument assessing both work and daily activity impairments when studying the full impact of RA on individuals. The Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI) questionnaire is such an instrument.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to linguistically validate the RA-specific WPAI (WPAI:RA) instrument in 20 new languages and to assess its content validity for individuals with RA.
  
  
  METHODS
  The linguistic validation of the questionnaire followed a standard methodology that included comprehension test interviews (n = 5 individuals with RA per language) to assess the relevance, understanding and acceptability of the WPAI:RA. Content validity of the instrument was simultaneously investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Comprehension testing showed that the WPAI:RA questionnaire was well understood similarly across countries; minor changes were made to ensure fidelity to the original concepts and for ease of comprehension. The majority of interviewees (66/93) considered its content comprehensive and appropriate to measure their ability to work and perform daily activities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The WPAI:RA questionnaire is now linguistically validated in 20 new languages [Czech (Czech Republic), Dutch (Belgium), English (Canada and UK), French (Belgium, Canada and France), German (Germany), Hungarian (Hungary), Italian (Italy), Polish (Poland), Portuguese (Brazil), Romanian (Romania), Russian (Russia and Ukraine), Spanish (Argentina, Mexico, Spain and US) and Ukrainian (Ukraine)]. The WPAI:RA questionnaire shows good content validity. It can thus be used in multi-country clinical trials to assess RA-related impact on the patients' ability to work and perform daily activities.
authors.affiliation: Mapi, HEOR and Strategic Market Access, 27, Rue de la Villette, 69003, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Jérémy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lambert
authors.forename: Brian B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: Benoit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Arnould
authors.forename: Géraldine
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Grataloup
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Guillemin
authors.forename: Lise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Højbjerre
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Strandberg-Larsen
authors.forename: Margaret C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Reilly
mesh_terms: D000041:Absenteeism; D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D004526:Efficiency; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires