title: Image diagnosis of zoonotic onchocercosis by Onchocerca lupi.
abstract: Onchocerca lupi, a zoonotic nematode infecting the eyes of carnivores, has been increasingly reported in dogs from Europe and the USA. In order to improve the current status of knowledge on this neglected filarioid, diagnostic imaging tools (i.e., ultrasound scan, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging) are herein used to diagnose canine onchocercosis in two dogs, which scored positive for O. lupi microfilariae at the skin snip test and to assess the anatomical location of the nematode within the ocular apparatus. Results indicate that ultrasound tools are useful to address the diagnosis of O. lupi in dogs and to evaluate the localization of nodules or cysts containing the adult nematode.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Delia
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Franchini
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giannelli
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Giancarlo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Di Paola
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, Laboratório de Parasitologia Victor Caeiro, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal.
authors.forename: Helder
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cortes
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal; Parasite Disease Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Oporto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Luís
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Riccardo Paolo
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Lia
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Bronwyn Evelyn
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy; Aggeu Magalhães Research Institute, Recife, Brazil.
authors.forename: Filipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dantas-Torres
authors.affiliation: Private Practitioner, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lenoci
authors.affiliation: Ospedale Veterinario "Pingry", Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Eyad Abu
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Assad
authors.affiliation: Ospedale Veterinario "Pingry", Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ricciardi
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Carmela
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Valastro
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cavaliere
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Di Bello
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy. Electronic address: domenico.otranto@uniba.it.
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Otranto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D004285:Dogs; D005123:Eye / Q000469:parasitology; D005260:Female; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D009854:Onchocerca / Q000502:physiology*; D015827:Onchocerciasis, Ocular / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000662:veterinary*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000662:veterinary; D014463:Ultrasonography
keywords: Computed tomography; Diagnostic imaging; Dog; Magnetic resonance imaging; Onchocerca lupi; Ultrasound scan