title: Pharmacy student self-testing as a predictor of examination performance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if student self-testing improves performance during a doctor of pharmacy course.
  
  
  METHODS
  Students were given access to online quizzes with a large pool of randomly selected questions specific to upcoming examination content. Quizzes were electronically scored immediately upon completion and students were provided corrective feedback.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Examination scores following implementation of the practice quizzes were significantly higher in all but the last testing period. The upper fiftieth percentile of students scored higher on both the practice quizzes and subsequent examinations in all but the fourth testing period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Providing pharmacy students with self-testing opportunities could increase their retention of course material and provide feedback to both students and educators regarding learning, as well as provide students with a measure of their metacognition.
authors.affiliation: Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.affiliation: Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee ; College of Clinical and Rehabilitative Health Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Panus
authors.affiliation: Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee.
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hagemeier
authors.affiliation: Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee.
authors.forename: Jim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thigpen
authors.affiliation: College of Clinical and Rehabilitative Health Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee.
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Brooks
mesh_terms: D004512:Education, Pharmacy; D005246:Feedback; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D007858:Learning; D012153:Retention, Psychology; D012655:Self-Evaluation Programs; D013339:Students, Pharmacy; D058013:Test Taking Skills
keywords: assessment; formative assessment; metacognition; pharmacy education; retrieval practice; self-testing