title: Ultrastructural changes of podocyte foot processes during the remission phase of minimal change disease of human kidney.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The current study was designed to observe the ultrastructural changes of podocyte foot processes during the remission phase and its relationship with the amount of the proteinuria in patients with minimal change disease (MCD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Electron micrographs of glomerular capillaries were taken from 33 adult cases with MCD, including 12 cases with nephrotic syndrome, 15 cases in partial remission and six cases in complete remission. The foot processes were classified into three grades by the ratio of the height to basal width: 0.5-1, 1-2 and ≥2. The foot process width (FPW) and the number of foot processes in different grades per 10 μm of glomerular basement membrane (GBM) were measured. Normal renal tissues from 12 nephrectomies for renal carcinoma were selected as controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were statistical differences (P = 0.001) in the mean FPW among the nephrotic group (1566.4 ± 429.4 nm), partial remission group (1007.8 ± 234.9 nm), complete remission group (949.8 ± 168.2 nm) and normal controls (471.9 ± 51.8 nm). For the height-to-width ratio ≥2, the number of foot process per 10 μm GBM was significantly greater in the normal group than that in the complete remission group (0.84 ± 0.24 vs. 3.84 ± 1.80, P = 0.016). Taking all three groups of patients together, the mean FPW showed correlation with the level of proteinuria (r = 0.506, P = 0.003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There may be no causal relationship between proteinuria and foot process effacement. In complete remission phase, both FPW and shape of foot process had not returned to normal while proteinuria disappeared.
authors.affiliation: Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China; Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of CKD Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Jing
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yi-Miao
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Su-Xia
authors.initials: SX
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001706:Biopsy; D022081:Cell Surface Extensions / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods; D009402:Nephrosis, Lipoid / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009404:Nephrotic Syndrome / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D062072:Patient Acuity; D050199:Podocytes / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013223:Statistics as Topic
keywords: electron microscopy; foot process; minimal change disease; podocyte; proteinuria