title: Adiponutrin: a multimeric plasma protein.
abstract: The interest in adiponutrin stems from adiponutrin variant I148M, which is strongly associated to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Adiponutrin has to date been considered to be solely an intracellular protein, with a role in lipid metabolism in liver and adipose tissue. However, a physiologically relevant role for adiponutrin has not been found. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of adiponutrin in human plasma, a new facet of adiponutrin research. We demonstrate that adiponutrin is present in plasma as disulfide-bond dependent multimers, estimated to circulate at a concentration of 1.25-4 nM. Experiments reveal that adiponutrin is released from HepG2 cells in the presence of oleate. The presence of adiponutrin in plasma makes it accessible for clinical investigations and use as a potential biomarker for metabolic disease.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Lund University, Sweden.
authors.forename: Martin E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Winberg
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Lund University, Sweden.
authors.forename: Mahshid Khalaj
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Motlagh
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Lund University, Sweden.
authors.forename: Karin G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Stenkula
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Lund University, Sweden.
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Holm
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Lund University, Sweden. Electronic address: Helena.Jones@med.lu.se.
authors.forename: Helena A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; D019301:Oleic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D055503:Protein Multimerization
chemical_list: D008565:Membrane Proteins; C436316:adiponutrin; D019301:Oleic Acid
keywords: ADPN; Adiponutrin; HepG2 cells; NAFLD; PNPLA3; Steatosis