title: Heparin solution for maintaining peripheral venous catheter patency in children: a survey of current practice in Italian pediatric units.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prolonging the duration of peripheral venous catheters (PVC) as long as possible in children is a nursing priority. However, available studies provide conflicting evidence on what kind of flush/lock solution should be used to increase the life of PVCs in children.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe the clinical behavior of nurses working in Italian pediatric units with regards to PVCs flushing and locking practices.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study. Nurses were invited to participate using the network of the Italian Society of Pediatric Nursing Science. Those participating completed an online questionnaire available on a website established for this specific purpose. Results: 405 questionnaires were completed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The majority of nurses reported using Normal saline solution (NS) to flush 22 gauge PVCs: 77.6% in children up to 6 months of age, 74.7% in children 6 months to 2 years, and 74.6% in children over 2 years. Nurses tend to use heparin solutions (HS) more frequently when a smaller gauge PVC is used (24 instead of 22) and when access is less frequent. The use of HS for PVC lock is more common in onco-hematology units (54.5% in children over 6 months with 24 gauge PVC), pediatric surgery units (35%), and in short-stay units (55.6%), whereas NS is used more frequently in Intensive care units (9.4%) and neonatology units (12.2%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the majority of respondents use NS, we found a high variability in practices among Italian nurses. More research on the effectiveness and safety of HS in maintaining the patency of PVCs is needed.
authors.affiliation: University of L'Aquila, School of Doctorate in Science of Nursing , L'Aquila , Italy .
authors.forename: Sofia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bisogni
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Giusti
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ciofi
authors.forename: Filippo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Festini
mesh_terms: D002406:Catheterization, Peripheral / Q000451:nursing* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006493:Heparin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D024802:Nurse's Role; D015403:Nursing Evaluation Research; D015404:Nursing Methodology Research; D010371:Pediatric Nursing / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D057184:Practice Patterns, Nurses' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D012965:Sodium Chloride; D006493:Heparin