title: Evolution of management strategies for cavernous carotid aneurysms: a review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cavernous carotid aneurysms are considered benign lesions with indolent natural history. Apart from idiopathic aneurysms, traumatic, iatrogenic, and mycotic aneurysms are common in the cavernous segment of the carotid artery. With rapid advances in endovascular therapy, management of cavernous carotid aneurysms has evolved. Our aim was to review the management options available for cavernous carotid aneurysms.
  
  
  METHODS
  The English literature was searched for various studies describing the management of cavernous carotid aneurysms and the evolution of various treatments was studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Numerous treatment options are available such as conservative management, Hunterian ligation, surgical clipping, and endovascular therapy. The introduction of flow-diverting stents has revolutionized the management of these lesions. The evolution of various treatment strategies are described.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A thorough knowledge of all the options is paramount to individualize therapy. We discuss the indications of treatment, various management options for cavernous carotid aneurysms and their outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA.
authors.forename: Sudheer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ambekar
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puduchery, India.
authors.forename: Venkatesh
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Madhugiri
authors.affiliation: Center of Neuromodulation, Wexner Medical center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Mayur
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA.
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cuellar
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA. Electronic address: ananda@lsuhsc.edu.
authors.forename: Anil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nanda
mesh_terms: D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D057510:Endovascular Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy*; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Carotid aneurysm; Cavernous aneurysm; Coiling; ICA aneurysm; Stenting