title: C-phycocyanin confers protection against oxalate-mediated oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunctions in MDCK cells.
abstract: Oxalate toxicity is mediated through generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via a process that is partly dependent on mitochondrial dysfunction. Here, we investigated whether C-phycocyanin (CP) could protect against oxidative stress-mediated intracellular damage triggered by oxalate in MDCK cells. DCFDA, a fluorescence-based probe and hexanoyl-lysine adduct (HEL), an oxidative stress marker were used to investigate the effect of CP on oxalate-induced ROS production and membrane lipid peroxidation (LPO). The role of CP against oxalate-induced oxidative stress was studied by the evaluation of mitochondrial membrane potential by JC1 fluorescein staining, quantification of ATP synthesis and stress-induced MAP kinases (JNK/SAPK and ERK1/2). Our results revealed that oxalate-induced cells show markedly increased ROS levels and HEL protein expression that were significantly decreased following pre-treatment with CP. Further, JC1 staining showed that CP pre-treatment conferred significant protection from mitochondrial membrane permeability and increased ATP production in CP-treated cells than oxalate-alone-treated cells. In addition, CP treated cells significantly decreased the expression of phosphorylated JNK/SAPK and ERK1/2 as compared to oxalate-alone-treated cells. We concluded that CP could be used as a potential free radical-scavenging therapeutic strategy against oxidative stress-associated diseases including urolithiasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America.
authors.forename: Shukkur M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Farooq
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America.
authors.forename: Nithin B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Boppana
authors.forename: Asokan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Devarajan
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Devarajan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Asokan
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Shamala D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Sekaran
authors.affiliation: Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Center (TIDREC), Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Esaki M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Shankar
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America.
authors.forename: Chunying
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, National Orthopedics Center for Excellence in Research and Learning (NOCERAL), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Kaliappan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gopal
authors.affiliation: Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Center (TIDREC), Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Sazaly A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Bakar
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Harve S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Karthik
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America.
authors.forename: Abdul S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Ebrahim
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D019610:Cytoprotection / Q000187:drug effects*; D004285:Dogs; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D061985:Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D010070:Oxalates / Q000633:toxicity*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010798:Phycocyanin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010070:Oxalates; D020011:Protective Agents; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D010798:Phycocyanin; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases