title: Meniscal tears: comparison of the conventional spin-echo and fast spin-echo techniques through image processing.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Conventional spin-echo (PD-CSE) and fast spin-echo (PD-FSE) techniques are frequently used to detect meniscal tears. However, the time delay for imaging with PD-CSE has resulted in its replacement with faster techniques, such as proton density fast spin-echo (PD-FSE), which has become a frequent tool at most diagnostic centres.Qualitative analysis shows that the PD-CSE technique is more sensitive, but other authors have not found significant differences between the aforementioned techniques. Therefore, we performed a quantitative analysis in this study that aims to measure differences in the quality of the images obtained with both techniques.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared the PD-CSE and PD-FSE techniques by quantitatively analysing the obtained proton density images: the area shown, as well as the brightness and lesion contrast of the obtained image.A set of 100 images from 50 patients thought to contain meniscal tears of the knee were selected. These 100 images were obtained from all individuals using both the PD-CSE and PD-FSE techniques. The images were processed using software developed in Delphi. In addition to these quantifications, three physicians, who are specialists in radiology and capable of analysing magnetic resonance (MR) images of the musculoskeletal system, qualitatively analysed the diagnostic sensitivity of both techniques.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On average, samples obtained via the PD-CSE technique contained 22% more pixels in the lesion area. The contrast differed by 28%, and the brightness differed by 31%. The two techniques were correlated using Student's t-test, which showed a statistically significant difference. The specialists detected meniscal tears in 30 of the images obtained via the PD-CSE technique, while only 72% of these cases were detected via the PD-FSE technique.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The PD-CSE technique was shown to be superior to PD-FSE for all of the evaluated properties, making its selection preferable.
authors.affiliation: Núcleo de Pesquisas Tecnológicas, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, São Paulo, Brasil. ibevan.arruda@fasm.edu.br.
authors.forename: Ibevan A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Nogueira
authors.forename: Annie F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Frère
authors.forename: Alessandro P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Heverton C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016477:Artifacts; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007717:Knee / Q000473:pathology; D007718:Knee Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology*; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000473:pathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012984:Software; D055815:Young Adult