Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties of nostocionone isolated from Nostoc commune Vauch and its derivatives against Propionibacterium acnes.
Propionibacterium acnes is the primary pathogenic agent responsible for acne vulgaris on the skin and hair follicles. Overgrowth of this bacterium inhibits growth and promotes follicular inflammation, with an associated increase in pro-inflammatory cytokine production. P. acnes has therefore been considered the main target for the prevention and medical treatment of acne vulgaris. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro anti-P. acnes and anti-inflammatory properties of 6 compounds isolated from Nostoc commune. One of these compounds, nostocionone (Nost), and one of its derivatives, NostD3 [(1E,4E)-1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-enyl)penta-1,4-dien-3-one], significantly inhibited P. acnes growth. Furthermore, we investigated the effects of Nost and NostD3 on heat-killed (hk) P. acnes-induced inflammation in macrophages. Both Nost and NostD3 suppressed hk P. acnes-induced nitric oxide (NO) production through the suppression of inducible NO synthase expression, following inactivation of nuclear factor kappa B. Taken together, our findings suggested that both Nost and NostD3 were promising agents for the treatment of acne vulgaris, and that NostD3 showed higher efficacy than Nost.
Laboratory of Aquatic Food Science, Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan. Electronic address: titoh@nara.kindai.ac.jp.
Tomohiro
T
Itoh
Laboratory of Aquatic Food Science, Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan.
Akihiro
A
Tsuchida
Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193 Japan.
Yuji
Y
Muramatsu
Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193 Japan; Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
Masayuki
M
Ninomiya
Laboratory of Aquatic Food Science, Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan.
Masashi
M
Ando
Laboratory of Aquatic Food Science, Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan.
Yasuyuki
Y
Tsukamasa
Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193 Japan; Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
Mamoru
M
Koketsu
D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D051379:Mice; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D050501:Nostoc commune / Q000737:chemistry*; D011425:Propionibacterium acnes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse
Anti-inflammatory; Antibacterial; Nostocionone; Nostocionone derivatives; Propionibacterium acnes