Chemical Constituents and Pharmacology of the Aristolochia ( mădōu ling) species.
Aristolochia ( mădōu ling) is an important genus widely cultivated and had long been known for their extensive use in traditional Chinese medicine. The genus has attracted so much great interest because of their numerous biological activity reports and unique constituents, aristolochic acids (AAs). In 2004, we reviewed the metabolites of Aristolochia species which have appeared in the literature, concerning the isolation, structural elucidation, biological activity and literature references. In addition, the nephrotoxicity of aristolochic acids, biosynthetic studies, ecological adaptation, and chemotaxonomy researches were also covered in the past review. In the present manuscript, we wish to review the various physiologically active compounds of different classes reported from Aristolochia species in the period between 2004 and 2011. In regard to the chemical and biological aspects of the constituents from the Aristolochia genus, this review would address the continuous development in the phytochemistry and the therapeutic application of the Aristolochia species. Moreover, the recent nephrotoxicity studies related to aristolochic acids would be covered in this review and the structure-toxicity relationship would be discussed.
Department of Biotechnology, National Formosa University, Yunlin 632, Taiwan, ROC.
Ping-Chung
PC
Kuo
Department of Biotechnology, National Formosa University, Yunlin 632, Taiwan, ROC.
Yue-Chiun
YC
Li
Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, ROC ; Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, ROC ; Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan, ROC.
Tian-Shung
TS
Wu
Alkaloid; Aristolochia; Aristolochic acid; Bioactivity; Flavonoid; Terpenoid