[Effects of lipoic acid on cytokines and chemokines in astrocytes stimulated with lipopolysaccharide].
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effects of lipoic acid (LA) on the release of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and the expressions of chemokines in astrocytes stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS).


METHODS
Astrocytes were separated from the cerebral cortex of newly-born C57BL/6 mice (within 48 h after birth). After identification and purification, the second-generation astrocytes were stimulated with LPS (1 μg/mL), and then treated with LA (100 μg/mL). The production of nitric oxide (NO) was assayed by Griess assay. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 in supernatants were quantified by ELISA. The expressions of CC chemokine ligand-20 (CCL20), monocyte chemoattractive protein 1 (MCP-1) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α) mRNAs were detected using reverse transcription-PCR.


RESULTS
Compared with PBS control, LPS significantly increased the production of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, but decreased the level of IL-10 in cultured astrocytes (P<0.05). LA treatment inhibited LPS-induced NO, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 production, and enhanced IL-10 secretion, and compared with LPS stimulation alone, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). In addition, LA treatment also suppressed the expressions of CCL20, MCP-1 and MIP-1α mRNA in astrocytes stimulated with LPS.


CONCLUSIONS
LA inhibits neuroinflammatory response in LPS-activated astrocytes. The neuroprotection of LA is partly due to the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines derived from astrocytes.
Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, China.
Jian
J
Meng
Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, China.
Minfang
M
Guo
Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, China.
Jiezhong
J
Yu
Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, China.
Yanhua
Y
Li
Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, China.
Chunyun
C
Liu
Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, China.
Shaowei
S
Hou
Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, China.
Ling
L
Feng
Department of Encephalopathy, National Major Clinical Department of Ministry of Health, Third Hospital, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan 030024, China.
Wanfang
W
Yang
Department of Encephalopathy, National Major Clinical Department of Ministry of Health, Third Hospital, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan 030024, China.
Junlian
J
Li
Department of Encephalopathy, National Major Clinical Department of Ministry of Health, Third Hospital, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan 030024, China.
Qianjin
Q
Feng
Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009; Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200025, China.
Baoguo
B
Xiao
Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009; Department of Encephalopathy, National Major Clinical Department of Ministry of Health, Third Hospital, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan 030024, China.
Cungen
C
Ma
D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D018925:Chemokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008063:Thioctic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*
D000975:Antioxidants; D018925:Chemokines; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D008063:Thioctic Acid