A prospective analysis of factors influencing fluoroscopy time during therapeutic ERCP.
BACKGROUND
Fluoroscopy time (FT) in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has a linear relationship with radiation exposure to endoscopist, personnel and patients. The aim of this prospective study was to investigate the factors influencing the FT during ERCP.


METHODS
Between January 2010 and August 2011, patients with naïve papilla undergoing therapeutic ERCP were included in the study. Patient and procedural factors affecting fluoroscopy duration were investigated.


RESULTS
During the study period 549 ERCP records were included in the final analysis. The mean procedural time and FT were 19.53±7.61 min and 48.82±26.43 sec, respectively. There was no effect of age or gender on FT. Univariate analysis showed choledocholithiasis (+17.92 sec; 95%CI: 12.73-23.11, p<0.001), multiple stones (+21.21 sec; 95%CI: 14.31-30.35, p<0.001), stone size >10 mm (+27.514 sec; 95%CI: 16.62-35.71; p<0.001), precut technique (+12.46 sec; 95%CI: 6.32-18.60; p<0.001), periampullary diverticulum (+33.36 sec; 95%CI: 28.49-38.23; p<0.001), mechanical lithotripsy (+31.14 sec; 95%CI: 24.67-37.61; p<0.001) and mechanical lithotripsy plus stent placement (+42.41 sec; 95%CI: 31.93-52.89; p<0.001) to be associated with longer FT. Multivariate analysis identified choledocholithiasis (+13.24 sec; 95%CI: 4.44-22.04; p=0.003), multiple stones (+19.51 sec; 95%CI: 11.72-26.78; p<0.001), stone size >10 mm (+23.95 sec; 95%CI: 14.35-29.45; p<0.001), needle-knife papillotomy (+17.26 sec; 95%CI: 7.77-26.75; p<0.001), periampullary diverticulum (+21.99 sec; 95%CI: 17.81-26.16; p<0.001) and mechanical lithotripsy plus stent placement (+20.39 sec; 95%CI: 7.38-33.40; p=0.002) to prolong FT.


CONCLUSIONS
The identified factors influencing the FT may help endoscopists take appropriate precautions during ERCP to significantly decrease FTs.
Department of Endoscopy and Motility Unit, G. Gennimatas General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (Panagiotis Katsinelos, Anthi Gatopoulou, Stergios Gkagkalis, Kostas Fasoulas, Athanasios Beltsis, Sotiris Terzoudis, Georgia Lazaraki, Grigoris Chatzimavroudis, Ioannis Vasiliadis.
Panagiotis
P
Katsinelos
Department of Endoscopy and Motility Unit, G. Gennimatas General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (Panagiotis Katsinelos, Anthi Gatopoulou, Stergios Gkagkalis, Kostas Fasoulas, Athanasios Beltsis, Sotiris Terzoudis, Georgia Lazaraki, Grigoris Chatzimavroudis, Ioannis Vasiliadis.
Anthi
A
Gatopoulou
Department of Endoscopy and Motility Unit, G. Gennimatas General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (Panagiotis Katsinelos, Anthi Gatopoulou, Stergios Gkagkalis, Kostas Fasoulas, Athanasios Beltsis, Sotiris Terzoudis, Georgia Lazaraki, Grigoris Chatzimavroudis, Ioannis Vasiliadis.
Stergios
S
Gkagkalis
Department of Endoscopy and Motility Unit, G. Gennimatas General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (Panagiotis Katsinelos, Anthi Gatopoulou, Stergios Gkagkalis, Kostas Fasoulas, Athanasios Beltsis, Sotiris Terzoudis, Georgia Lazaraki, Grigoris Chatzimavroudis, Ioannis Vasiliadis.
Kostas
K
Fasoulas
Department of Endoscopy and Motility Unit, G. Gennimatas General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (Panagiotis Katsinelos, Anthi Gatopoulou, Stergios Gkagkalis, Kostas Fasoulas, Athanasios Beltsis, Sotiris Terzoudis, Georgia Lazaraki, Grigoris Chatzimavroudis, Ioannis Vasiliadis.
Athanasios
A
Beltsis
Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital (Christos Zavos, Jannis Kountouras).
Christos
C
Zavos
Department of Endoscopy and Motility Unit, G. Gennimatas General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (Panagiotis Katsinelos, Anthi Gatopoulou, Stergios Gkagkalis, Kostas Fasoulas, Athanasios Beltsis, Sotiris Terzoudis, Georgia Lazaraki, Grigoris Chatzimavroudis, Ioannis Vasiliadis.
Sotiris
S
Terzoudis
Department of Endoscopy and Motility Unit, G. Gennimatas General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (Panagiotis Katsinelos, Anthi Gatopoulou, Stergios Gkagkalis, Kostas Fasoulas, Athanasios Beltsis, Sotiris Terzoudis, Georgia Lazaraki, Grigoris Chatzimavroudis, Ioannis Vasiliadis.
Georgia
G
Lazaraki
Department of Endoscopy and Motility Unit, G. Gennimatas General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (Panagiotis Katsinelos, Anthi Gatopoulou, Stergios Gkagkalis, Kostas Fasoulas, Athanasios Beltsis, Sotiris Terzoudis, Georgia Lazaraki, Grigoris Chatzimavroudis, Ioannis Vasiliadis.
Grigoris
G
Chatzimavroudis
Department of Endoscopy and Motility Unit, G. Gennimatas General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (Panagiotis Katsinelos, Anthi Gatopoulou, Stergios Gkagkalis, Kostas Fasoulas, Athanasios Beltsis, Sotiris Terzoudis, Georgia Lazaraki, Grigoris Chatzimavroudis, Ioannis Vasiliadis.
Ioannis
I
Vasiliadis
Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital (Christos Zavos, Jannis Kountouras).
Jannis
J
Kountouras
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; fluoroscopy time