Reductions in resistance exercise-induced hyperglycaemic episodes are associated with circulating interleukin-6 in type 1 diabetes.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the influence of different volumes of resistance exercise on circulating interleukin-6 (IL-6) and to explore the relationships between IL-6 and glycaemia.


METHODS
Eight participants with complication-free type 1 diabetes, whose mean ± SEM age was 38 (6) years, mean ± SEM HbA(1c) concentration was 71 ±11 mmol/mol (8.7 ±1.0%) and mean ± SEM type 1 diabetes duration was 15 ±13 years, attended the research facility after an overnight fast on four separate occasions, having administered their basal insulin the night before (glargine 27.5±3.1U, n=8), but omitted morning rapid-acting insulin. Participants completed either a one-set (14-min), two-set (28-min), or three-set (42-min) resistance exercise trial (eight exercises × 10 repetitions) at 67±3% one-repetition maximum followed by a 60-min recovery, or a resting control trial. Venous blood samples were taken before and after exercise. Data were analysed using repeated-measures ANOVA (P≤0.05).


RESULTS
Whereas IL-6 levels remained similar to baseline levels after one set of resistance exercises (30 min, P=0.287; 60 min, P=0.318), IL-6 levels were > baseline levels at 60 min post-exercise after a two-set exercise trial (2.94 ± 0.94 pg/ml, P=0.002) and doubled at both 30 min (4.01 ± 1.00 pg/ml, P=0.048) and 60 min (4.28 ± 1.25 pg/ml, P=0.084) post-exercise after the three-set resistance exercise trial. Post-exercise blood glucose area under the curve (mmol/l/60 min) was greater after both the one-set (P=0.025) and two-set trials (P=0.008), than after the control trial, but similar between the three-set trial and the control trial (P=0.240). The rise in IL-6 from baseline to peak concentration significantly correlated inversely with blood glucose area under the curve (r=-0.65, P=0.041).


CONCLUSIONS
Circulating IL-6 is increased by resistance exercise in a volume-dependent manner, and resistance exercise-induced increases in IL-6 correlated with reductions in post-exercise hyperglycaemia in type 1 diabetes, suggesting a role for IL-6 in improving post-resistance exercise glycaemic disturbances in type 1 diabetes.
Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine Research Centre, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, UK; Diabetes Research Group, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, UK.
D
D
Turner
S
S
Luzio
L P
LP
Kilduff
B J
BJ
Gray
G
G
Dunseath
S C
SC
Bain
M D
MD
Campbell
D J
DJ
West
R M
RM
Bracken
D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D003927:Diet, Diabetic; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000069036:Insulin Glargine; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D055070:Resistance Training; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D015854:Up-Regulation
D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D000069036:Insulin Glargine; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting; D015850:Interleukin-6; C508600:IL6 protein, human; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human