Intermedin in the paraventricular nucleus attenuates cardiac sympathetic afferent reflex in chronic heart failure rats.
OBJECTIVE
Intermedin (IMD) is a member of calcitonin/calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) family together with adrenomedullin (AM) and amylin. It has a wide distribution in the central nervous system (CNS) especially in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN). Cardiac sympathetic afferent reflex (CSAR) is enhanced in chronic heart failure (CHF) rats. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of IMD in the PVN on CSAR and its related mechanisms in CHF rats.


RESULTS
Rats were subjected to left descending coronary artery ligation to induce CHF or sham-operation (Sham). Renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded. CSAR was evaluated by the RSNA and MAP responses to epicardial application of capsaicin. Acute experiments were carried out 8 weeks after coronary ligation or sham surgery under anesthesia. IMD and angiotensin II (Ang II) levels in the PVN were up-regulated in CHF rats. Bilateral PVN microinjection of IMD caused greater decreases in CSAR and the baseline RSNA and MAP in CHF rats than those in Sham rats. The decrease of CSAR caused by IMD was prevented by pretreatment with AM receptor antagonist AM22-52, but not CGRP receptor antagonist CGRP8-37. Ang II in the PVN significantly enhanced CSAR and superoxide anions level, which was inhibited by PVN pretreatment with IMD or tempol (a superoxide anions scavenger) in Sham and CHF rats.


CONCLUSIONS
IMD in the PVN inhibits CSAR via AM receptor, and attenuates the effects of Ang II on CSAR and superoxide anions level in CHF rats. PVN superoxide anions involve in the effect of IMD on attenuating Ang II-induced CSAR response.
Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Physiology, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.
Xian-Bing
XB
Gan
Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Hai-Jian
HJ
Sun
Department of Physiology, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.
Dan
D
Chen
Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Ling-Li
LL
Zhang
Laboratory Center for Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Physiology and Biochemistry, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Hong
H
Zhou
Department of Haematology, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
Li-Yan
LY
Chen
Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Ye-Bo
YB
Zhou
D053607:Adrenomedullin / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000344:Afferent Pathways / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide / Q000494:pharmacology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D007668:Kidney / Q000294:innervation; D008297:Male; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D010286:Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*
C499411:Adm2 protein, rat; D009479:Neuropeptides; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C104782:adrenomedullin (22-52); D013481:Superoxides; D000804:Angiotensin II; C058636:calcitonin gene-related peptide (8-37); D053607:Adrenomedullin; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide