Evaluation of Streptococcus mutans adhesion to fluoride varnishes and subsequent change in biofilm accumulation and acidogenicity.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to evaluate Streptococcus mutans adhesion to fluoride varnishes and subsequent change in biofilm accumulation and acidogenicity.


METHODS
After producing fluoride varnish-coated hydroxyapatite discs using Fluor Protector (FP), Bifluorid 12 (BIF), Cavity Shield (CASH), or Flor-Opal Varnish White (FO), S. mutans biofilms were formed on the discs. To assess S. mutans adhesion to the discs, 4-h-old biofilms were analysed. To investigate the change in biofilm accumulation during subsequent biofilm formation, the biomass, colony forming units (CFU), and water-insoluble extracellular polysaccharides (EP) of 46-, 70-, and 94-h-old biofilms were analysed. To investigate the change in acidogenicity, pH values of the culture medium were determined during the experimental period. The amount of fluoride in the culture medium was also determined during the experimental period.


RESULTS
BIF, CASH, and FO affected S. mutans adhesion (67-98% reduction) and subsequent biofilm accumulation in 46-, 70-, and 94-h-old biofilms. However, the reducing effect of the fluoride varnishes on the biomass, CFU count, water-insoluble EP amount, and acid production rate of the biofilms decreased as the biofilm age increased. These results may be related to the fluoride-release pattern of the fluoride varnishes. Of the fluoride varnishes tested, FO showed the highest reducing effect against the bacterial adhesion and subsequent biofilm accumulation.


CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that if the results of these experiments are extrapolable to the in vivo situation, then reduced clinical benefit of using fluoride varnishes may occur with time.


CONCLUSIONS
Fluoride varnish application can affect cariogenic biofilm formation but the anti-biofilm activity may be reduced with time.
Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Institute of Oral Bioscience and BK 21 Plus Program, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea.
Ngoc Phuong Thanh
NP
Chau
Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Institute of Oral Bioscience and BK 21 Plus Program, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea.
Santosh
S
Pandit
Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Institute of Oral Bioscience and BK 21 Plus Program, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea.
Ji-Eun
JE
Jung
Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Institute of Oral Bioscience and BK 21 Plus Program, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: dentjjk@jbnu.ac.kr.
Jae-Gyu
JG
Jeon
D000143:Acids; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects*; D058491:Bacterial Load / Q000187:drug effects; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D018533:Biomass; D002124:Calcium Fluoride / Q000494:pharmacology; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003470:Culture Media; D004338:Drug Combinations; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry; D005460:Fluorides, Topical / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008422:Materials Testing; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal / Q000379:methods; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D011140:Polyurethanes / Q000494:pharmacology; D012821:Silanes / Q000494:pharmacology; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000494:pharmacology; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000187:drug effects*; D013499:Surface Properties
D000143:Acids; C094502:Bifluorid 12; D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D003470:Culture Media; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005460:Fluorides, Topical; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial; D011140:Polyurethanes; D012821:Silanes; C454339:cavity shield; C022599:Fluor Protector; D012969:Sodium Fluoride; D017886:Durapatite; D002124:Calcium Fluoride
Acidogenicity; Adhesion; Biofilm accumulation; Fluoride varnishes; Streptococcus mutans