Missed opportunities for diagnosis of female genital mutilation.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate missed opportunities for diagnosing female genital mutilation (FGM) at an obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN) department in Switzerland.


METHODS
In a retrospective study, we included 129 consecutive women with FGM who attended the FGM outpatient clinic at the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics at the University Hospitals of Geneva between 2010 and 2012. The medical files of all women who had undergone at least 1 previous gynecologic exam performed by an OB/GYN doctor or a midwife at the study institution were reviewed. The type of FGM reported in the files was considered correct if it corresponded to that reported by the specialized gynecologist at the FGM clinic, according to WHO classification.


RESULTS
In 48 (37.2%) cases, FGM was not mentioned in the medical file. In 34 (26.4%) women, the diagnosis was correct. FGM was identified but erroneously classified in 28 (21.7%) cases. There were no factors (women's characteristics or FGM type) associated with missed diagnosis.


CONCLUSIONS
Opportunities to identify FGM are frequently missed. Measures should be taken to improve FGM diagnosis and care.
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. Electronic address: jasmine.abdulcadir@hcuge.ch.
Jasmine
J
Abdulcadir
Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Adeline
A
Dugerdil
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Michel
M
Boulvain
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Michal
M
Yaron
Department of Community Medicine and Primary Care, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Christiane
C
Margairaz
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Olivier
O
Irion
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Patrick
P
Petignat
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019093:Circumcision, Female / Q000145:classification / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003951:Diagnostic Errors / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006176:Gynecology / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D009774:Obstetrics / Q000592:standards*; D010044:Outpatient Clinics, Hospital; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013557:Switzerland; D055815:Young Adult
Female genital cutting; Female genital mutilation; Female genital mutilation/cutting; Missed diagnosis