Dietary fat intake and development of specific breast cancer subtypes.
We prospectively evaluated fat intake as predictor of developing breast cancer (BC) subtypes defined by estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor 2 receptor (HER2), in a large (n = 337327) heterogeneous cohort of women, with 10062 BC case patients after 11.5 years, estimating BC hazard ratios (HRs) by Cox proportional hazard modeling. High total and saturated fat were associated with greater risk of ER(+)PR(+) disease (HR = 1.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.00 to 1.45; HR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.09 to 1.52; highest vs lowest quintiles) but not ER(-)PR(-) disease. High saturated fat was statistically significantly associated with greater risk of HER2(-) disease. High saturated fat intake particularly increases risk of receptor-positive disease, suggesting saturated fat involvement in the etiology of this BC subtype.
Affiliations of authors: Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (SS, CA, VP, FB, SG, VK); Medical Statistics Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy (PC); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece (ATr); Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (VB, EV); Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain (M-JS); CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain (M-JS, M-DC, PA, EA); Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Granada, Spain (M-JS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Health Authority, Murcia, Spain (M-DC); Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, Health Department of Basque Region, San Sebastian, Spain (PA); Health Information Unit, Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain (JRQ); Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain (EA); Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain (GB); Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, ISPO-Cancer Research and Prevention Institute, Florence, Italy (GM); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (SP); Center for Cancer Prevention, Turin, Italy (CS); Human Genetics Foundation, Turin, Italy (CS); Department of Oncology, Histopathology Unit (RT), and Cancer Registry (RT), Ospedale Civile "M.P. Arezzo," Ragusa, Italy; INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, F-94805, Villejuif, France (MC-BR); Univ Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, F-94805, Villejuif, France (FC-C); IGR, F-94805, Villejuif, France (GF); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (PHMP, CHvG), and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (HBB-d-M), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands;
Sabina
S
Sieri
Affiliations of authors: Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (SS, CA, VP, FB, SG, VK); Medical Statistics Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy (PC); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece (ATr); Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (VB, EV); Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain (M-JS); CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain (M-JS, M-DC, PA, EA); Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Granada, Spain (M-JS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Health Authority, Murcia, Spain (M-DC); Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, Health Department of Basque Region, San Sebastian, Spain (PA); Health Information Unit, Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain (JRQ); Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain (EA); Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain (GB); Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, ISPO-Cancer Research and Prevention Institute, Florence, Italy (GM); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (SP); Center for Cancer Prevention, Turin, Italy (CS); Human Genetics Foundation, Turin, Italy (CS); Department of Oncology, Histopathology Unit (RT), and Cancer Registry (RT), Ospedale Civile "M.P. Arezzo," Ragusa, Italy; INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, F-94805, Villejuif, France (MC-BR); Univ Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, F-94805, Villejuif, France (FC-C); IGR, F-94805, Villejuif, France (GF); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (PHMP, CHvG), and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (HBB-d-M), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands;
Paolo
P
Chiodini
Affiliations of authors: Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (SS, CA, VP, FB, SG, VK); Medical Statistics Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy (PC); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece (ATr); Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (VB, EV); Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain (M-JS); CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain (M-JS, M-DC, PA, EA); Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Granada, Spain (M-JS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Health Authority, Murcia, Spain (M-DC); Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, Health Department of Basque Region, San Sebastian, Spain (PA); Health Information Unit, Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain (JRQ); Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain (EA); Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain (GB); Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, ISPO-Cancer Research and Prevention Institute, Florence, Italy (GM); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (SP); Center for Cancer Prevention, Turin, Italy (CS); Human Genetics Foundation, Turin, Italy (CS); Department of Oncology, Histopathology Unit (RT), and Cancer Registry (RT), Ospedale Civile "M.P. Arezzo," Ragusa, Italy; INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, F-94805, Villejuif, France (MC-BR); Univ Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, F-94805, Villejuif, France (FC-C); IGR, F-94805, Villejuif, France (GF); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (PHMP, CHvG), and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (HBB-d-M), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands;
Claudia
C
Agnoli
Affiliations of authors: Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (SS, CA, VP, FB, SG, VK); Medical Statistics Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy (PC); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece (ATr); Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (VB, EV); Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain (M-JS); CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain (M-JS, M-DC, PA, EA); Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Granada, Spain (M-JS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Health Authority, Murcia, Spain (M-DC); Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, Health Department of Basque Region, San Sebastian, Spain (PA); Health Information Unit, Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain (JRQ); Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain (EA); Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain (GB); Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, ISPO-Cancer Research and Prevention Institute, Florence, Italy (GM); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (SP); Center for Cancer Prevention, Turin, Italy (CS); Human Genetics Foundation, Turin, Italy (CS); Department of Oncology, Histopathology Unit (RT), and Cancer Registry (RT), Ospedale Civile "M.P. Arezzo," Ragusa, Italy; INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, F-94805, Villejuif, France (MC-BR); Univ Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, F-94805, Villejuif, France (FC-C); IGR, F-94805, Villejuif, France (GF); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (PHMP, CHvG), and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (HBB-d-M), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands;
Valeria
V
Pala
Affiliations of authors: Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (SS, CA, VP, FB, SG, VK); Medical Statistics Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy (PC); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece (ATr); Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (VB, EV); Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain (M-JS); CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain (M-JS, M-DC, PA, EA); Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Granada, Spain (M-JS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Health Authority, Murcia, Spain (M-DC); Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, Health Department of Basque Region, San Sebastian, Spain (PA); Health Information Unit, Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain (JRQ); Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain (EA); Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain (GB); Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, ISPO-Cancer Research and Prevention Institute, Florence, Italy (GM); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (SP); Center for Cancer Prevention, Turin, Italy (CS); Human Genetics Foundation, Turin, Italy (CS); Department of Oncology, Histopathology Unit (RT), and Cancer Registry (RT), Ospedale Civile "M.P. Arezzo," Ragusa, Italy; INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, F-94805, Villejuif, France (MC-BR); Univ Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, F-94805, Villejuif, France (FC-C); IGR, F-94805, Villejuif, France (GF); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (PHMP, CHvG), and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (HBB-d-M), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands;
Franco
F
Berrino
Affiliations of authors: Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (SS, CA, VP, FB, SG, VK); Medical Statistics Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy (PC); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece (ATr); Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (VB, EV); Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain (M-JS); CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain (M-JS, M-DC, PA, EA); Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Granada, Spain (M-JS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Health Authority, Murcia, Spain (M-DC); Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, Health Department of Basque Region, San Sebastian, Spain (PA); Health Information Unit, Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain (JRQ); Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain (EA); Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain (GB); Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, ISPO-Cancer Research and Prevention Institute, Florence, Italy (GM); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (SP); Center for Cancer Prevention, Turin, Italy (CS); Human Genetics Foundation, Turin, Italy (CS); Department of Oncology, Histopathology Unit (RT), and Cancer Registry (RT), Ospedale Civile "M.P. Arezzo," Ragusa, Italy; INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, F-94805, Villejuif, France (MC-BR); Univ Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, F-94805, Villejuif, France (FC-C); IGR, F-94805, Villejuif, France (GF); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (PHMP, CHvG), and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (HBB-d-M), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands;
Antonia
A
Trichopoulou
Affiliations of authors: Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (SS, CA, VP, FB, SG, VK); Medical Statistics Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy (PC); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece (ATr); Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (VB, EV); Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain (M-JS); CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain (M-JS, M-DC, PA, EA); Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Granada, Spain (M-JS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Health Authority, Murcia, Spain (M-DC); Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, Health Department of Basque Region, San Sebastian, Spain (PA); Health Information Unit, Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain (JRQ); Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain (EA); Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain (GB); Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, ISPO-Cancer Research and Prevention Institute, Florence, Italy (GM); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (SP); Center for Cancer Prevention, Turin, Italy (CS); Human Genetics Foundation, Turin, Italy (CS); Department of Oncology, Histopathology Unit (RT), and Cancer Registry (RT), Ospedale Civile "M.P. Arezzo," Ragusa, Italy; INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, F-94805, Villejuif, France (MC-BR); Univ Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, F-94805, Villejuif, France (FC-C); IGR, F-94805, Villejuif, France (GF); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (PHMP, CHvG), and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (HBB-d-M), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands;
Vassiliki
V
Benetou
Affiliations of authors: Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (SS, CA, VP, FB, SG, VK); Medical Statistics Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy (PC); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece (ATr); Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (VB, EV); Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain (M-JS); CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain (M-JS, M-DC, PA, EA); Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Granada, Spain (M-JS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Health Authority, Murcia, Spain (M-DC); Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, Health Department of Basque Region, San Sebastian, Spain (PA); Health Information Unit, Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain (JRQ); Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain (EA); Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain (GB); Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, ISPO-Cancer Research and Prevention Institute, Florence, Italy (GM); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (SP); Center for Cancer Prevention, Turin, Italy (CS); Human Genetics Foundation, Turin, Italy (CS); Department of Oncology, Histopathology Unit (RT), and Cancer Registry (RT), Ospedale Civile "M.P. Arezzo," Ragusa, Italy; INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, F-94805, Villejuif, France (MC-BR); Univ Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, F-94805, Villejuif, France (FC-C); IGR, F-94805, Villejuif, France (GF); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (PHMP, CHvG), and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (HBB-d-M), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands;
Effie
E
Vasilopoulou
Affiliations of authors: Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (SS, CA, VP, FB, SG, VK); Medical Statistics Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy (PC); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece (ATr); Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (VB, EV); Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain (M-JS); CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain (M-JS, M-DC, PA, EA); Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Granada, Spain (M-JS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Health Authority, Murcia, Spain (M-DC); Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, Health Department of Basque Region, San Sebastian, Spain (PA); Health Information Unit, Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain (JRQ); Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain (EA); Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain (GB); Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, ISPO-Cancer Research and Prevention Institute, Florence, Italy (GM); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (SP); Center for Cancer Prevention, Turin, Italy (CS); Human Genetics Foundation, Turin, Italy (CS); Department of Oncology, Histopathology Unit (RT), and Cancer Registry (RT), Ospedale Civile "M.P. Arezzo," Ragusa, Italy; INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, F-94805, Villejuif, France (MC-BR); Univ Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, F-94805, Villejuif, France (FC-C); IGR, F-94805, Villejuif, France (GF); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (PHMP, CHvG), and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (HBB-d-M), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands;
María-José
MJ
Sánchez
Affiliations of authors: Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (SS, CA, VP, FB, SG, VK); Medical Statistics Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy (PC); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece (ATr); Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (VB, EV); Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain (M-JS); CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain (M-JS, M-DC, PA, EA); Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Granada, Spain (M-JS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Health Authority, Murcia, Spain (M-DC); Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, Health Department of Basque Region, San Sebastian, Spain (PA); Health Information Unit, Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain (JRQ); Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain (EA); Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain (GB); Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, ISPO-Cancer Research and Prevention Institute, Florence, Italy (GM); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (SP); Center for Cancer Prevention, Turin, Italy (CS); Human Genetics Foundation, Turin, Italy (CS); Department of Oncology, Histopathology Unit (RT), and Cancer Registry (RT), Ospedale Civile "M.P. Arezzo," Ragusa, Italy; INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, F-94805, Villejuif, France (MC-BR); Univ Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, F-94805, Villejuif, France (FC-C); IGR, F-94805, Villejuif, France (GF); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (PHMP, CHvG), and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (HBB-d-M), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands;
Maria-Dolores
MD
Chirlaque
Affiliations of authors: Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (SS, CA, VP, FB, SG, VK); Medical Statistics Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy (PC); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece (ATr); Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (VB, EV); Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain (M-JS); CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain (M-JS, M-DC, PA, EA); Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Granada, Spain (M-JS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Health Authority, Murcia, Spain (M-DC); Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, Health Department of Basque Region, San Sebastian, Spain (PA); Health Information Unit, Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain (JRQ); Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain (EA); Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain (GB); Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, ISPO-Cancer Research and Prevention Institute, Florence, Italy (GM); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (SP); Center for Cancer Prevention, Turin, Italy (CS); Human Genetics Foundation, Turin, Italy (CS); Department of Oncology, Histopathology Unit (RT), and Cancer Registry (RT), Ospedale Civile "M.P. Arezzo," Ragusa, Italy; INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, F-94805, Villejuif, France (MC-BR); Univ Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, F-94805, Villejuif, France (FC-C); IGR, F-94805, Villejuif, France (GF); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (PHMP, CHvG), and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (HBB-d-M), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands;
Pilar
P
Amiano
Affiliations of authors: Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (SS, CA, VP, FB, SG, VK); Medical Statistics Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy (PC); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece (ATr); Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (VB, EV); Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain (M-JS); CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain (M-JS, M-DC, PA, EA); Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Granada, Spain (M-JS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Health Authority, Murcia, Spain (M-DC); Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, Health Department of Basque Region, San Sebastian, Spain (PA); Health Information Unit, Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain (JRQ); Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain (EA); Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain (GB); Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, ISPO-Cancer Research and Prevention Institute, Florence, Italy (GM); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (SP); Center for Cancer Prevention, Turin, Italy (CS); Human Genetics Foundation, Turin, Italy (CS); Department of Oncology, Histopathology Unit (RT), and Cancer Registry (RT), Ospedale Civile "M.P. Arezzo," Ragusa, Italy; INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, F-94805, Villejuif, France (MC-BR); Univ Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, F-94805, Villejuif, France (FC-C); IGR, F-94805, Villejuif, France (GF); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (PHMP, CHvG), and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (HBB-d-M), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands;
J Ramón
JR
Quirós
Affiliations of authors: Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (SS, CA, VP, FB, SG, VK); Medical Statistics Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy (PC); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece (ATr); Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (VB, EV); Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain (M-JS); CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain (M-JS, M-DC, PA, EA); Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Granada, Spain (M-JS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Health Authority, Murcia, Spain (M-DC); Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, Health Department of Basque Region, San Sebastian, Spain (PA); Health Information Unit, Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain (JRQ); Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain (EA); Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain (GB); Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, ISPO-Cancer Research and Prevention Institute, Florence, Italy (GM); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (SP); Center for Cancer Prevention, Turin, Italy (CS); Human Genetics Foundation, Turin, Italy (CS); Department of Oncology, Histopathology Unit (RT), and Cancer Registry (RT), Ospedale Civile "M.P. Arezzo," Ragusa, Italy; INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, F-94805, Villejuif, France (MC-BR); Univ Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, F-94805, Villejuif, France (FC-C); IGR, F-94805, Villejuif, France (GF); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (PHMP, CHvG), and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (HBB-d-M), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands;
Eva
E
Ardanaz
Affiliations of authors: Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (SS, CA, VP, FB, SG, VK); Medical Statistics Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy (PC); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece (ATr); Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (VB, EV); Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain (M-JS); CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain (M-JS, M-DC, PA, EA); Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Granada, Spain (M-JS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Health Authority, Murcia, Spain (M-DC); Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, Health Department of Basque Region, San Sebastian, Spain (PA); Health Information Unit, Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain (JRQ); Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain (EA); Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain (GB); Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, ISPO-Cancer Research and Prevention Institute, Florence, Italy (GM); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (SP); Center for Cancer Prevention, Turin, Italy (CS); Human Genetics Foundation, Turin, Italy (CS); Department of Oncology, Histopathology Unit (RT), and Cancer Registry (RT), Ospedale Civile "M.P. Arezzo," Ragusa, Italy; INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, F-94805, Villejuif, France (MC-BR); Univ Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, F-94805, Villejuif, France (FC-C); IGR, F-94805, Villejuif, France (GF); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (PHMP, CHvG), and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (HBB-d-M), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands;
Genevieve
G
Buckland
Affiliations of authors: Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (SS, CA, VP, FB, SG, VK); Medical Statistics Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy (PC); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece (ATr); Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (VB, EV); Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain (M-JS); CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain (M-JS, M-DC, PA, EA); Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Granada, Spain (M-JS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Health Authority, Murcia, Spain (M-DC); Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, Health Department of Basque Region, San Sebastian, Spain (PA); Health Information Unit, Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain (JRQ); Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain (EA); Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain (GB); Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, ISPO-Cancer Research and Prevention Institute, Florence, Italy (GM); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (SP); Center for Cancer Prevention, Turin, Italy (CS); Human Genetics Foundation, Turin, Italy (CS); Department of Oncology, Histopathology Unit (RT), and Cancer Registry (RT), Ospedale Civile "M.P. Arezzo," Ragusa, Italy; INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, F-94805, Villejuif, France (MC-BR); Univ Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, F-94805, Villejuif, France (FC-C); IGR, F-94805, Villejuif, France (GF); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (PHMP, CHvG), and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (HBB-d-M), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands;
Giovanna
G
Masala
Affiliations of authors: Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (SS, CA, VP, FB, SG, VK); Medical Statistics Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy (PC); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece (ATr); Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (VB, EV); Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain (M-JS); CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain (M-JS, M-DC, PA, EA); Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Granada, Spain (M-JS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Health Authority, Murcia, Spain (M-DC); Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, Health Department of Basque Region, San Sebastian, Spain (PA); Health Information Unit, Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain (JRQ); Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain (EA); Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain (GB); Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, ISPO-Cancer Research and Prevention Institute, Florence, Italy (GM); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (SP); Center for Cancer Prevention, Turin, Italy (CS); Human Genetics Foundation, Turin, Italy (CS); Department of Oncology, Histopathology Unit (RT), and Cancer Registry (RT), Ospedale Civile "M.P. Arezzo," Ragusa, Italy; INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, F-94805, Villejuif, France (MC-BR); Univ Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, F-94805, Villejuif, France (FC-C); IGR, F-94805, Villejuif, France (GF); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (PHMP, CHvG), and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (HBB-d-M), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands;
Salvatore
S
Panico
Affiliations of authors: Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (SS, CA, VP, FB, SG, VK); Medical Statistics Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy (PC); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece (ATr); Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (VB, EV); Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain (M-JS); CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain (M-JS, M-DC, PA, EA); Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Granada, Spain (M-JS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Health Authority, Murcia, Spain (M-DC); Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, Health Department of Basque Region, San Sebastian, Spain (PA); Health Information Unit, Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain (JRQ); Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain (EA); Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain (GB); Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, ISPO-Cancer Research and Prevention Institute, Florence, Italy (GM); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (SP); Center for Cancer Prevention, Turin, Italy (CS); Human Genetics Foundation, Turin, Italy (CS); Department of Oncology, Histopathology Unit (RT), and Cancer Registry (RT), Ospedale Civile "M.P. Arezzo," Ragusa, Italy; INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, F-94805, Villejuif, France (MC-BR); Univ Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, F-94805, Villejuif, France (FC-C); IGR, F-94805, Villejuif, France (GF); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (PHMP, CHvG), and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (HBB-d-M), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands;
Sara
S
Grioni
Affiliations of authors: Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (SS, CA, VP, FB, SG, VK); Medical Statistics Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy (PC); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece (ATr); Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (VB, EV); Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain (M-JS); CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain (M-JS, M-DC, PA, EA); Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Granada, Spain (M-JS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Health Authority, Murcia, Spain (M-DC); Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, Health Department of Basque Region, San Sebastian, Spain (PA); Health Information Unit, Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain (JRQ); Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain (EA); Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain (GB); Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, ISPO-Cancer Research and Prevention Institute, Florence, Italy (GM); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (SP); Center for Cancer Prevention, Turin, Italy (CS); Human Genetics Foundation, Turin, Italy (CS); Department of Oncology, Histopathology Unit (RT), and Cancer Registry (RT), Ospedale Civile "M.P. Arezzo," Ragusa, Italy; INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, F-94805, Villejuif, France (MC-BR); Univ Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, F-94805, Villejuif, France (FC-C); IGR, F-94805, Villejuif, France (GF); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (PHMP, CHvG), and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (HBB-d-M), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands;
Carlotta
C
Sacerdote
Affiliations of authors: Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (SS, CA, VP, FB, SG, VK); Medical Statistics Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy (PC); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece (ATr); Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (VB, EV); Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain (M-JS); CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain (M-JS, M-DC, PA, EA); Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Granada, Spain (M-JS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Health Authority, Murcia, Spain (M-DC); Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, Health Department of Basque Region, San Sebastian, Spain (PA); Health Information Unit, Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain (JRQ); Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain (EA); Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain (GB); Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, ISPO-Cancer Research and Prevention Institute, Florence, Italy (GM); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (SP); Center for Cancer Prevention, Turin, Italy (CS); Human Genetics Foundation, Turin, Italy (CS); Department of Oncology, Histopathology Unit (RT), and Cancer Registry (RT), Ospedale Civile "M.P. Arezzo," Ragusa, Italy; INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, F-94805, Villejuif, France (MC-BR); Univ Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, F-94805, Villejuif, France (FC-C); IGR, F-94805, Villejuif, France (GF); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (PHMP, CHvG), and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (HBB-d-M), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands;
Rosario
R
Tumino
Affiliations of authors: Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (SS, CA, VP, FB, SG, VK); Medical Statistics Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy (PC); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece (ATr); Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (VB, EV); Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain (M-JS); CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain (M-JS, M-DC, PA, EA); Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Granada, Spain (M-JS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Health Authority, Murcia, Spain (M-DC); Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, Health Department of Basque Region, San Sebastian, Spain (PA); Health Information Unit, Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain (JRQ); Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain (EA); Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain (GB); Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, ISPO-Cancer Research and Prevention Institute, Florence, Italy (GM); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (SP); Center for Cancer Prevention, Turin, Italy (CS); Human Genetics Foundation, Turin, Italy (CS); Department of Oncology, Histopathology Unit (RT), and Cancer Registry (RT), Ospedale Civile "M.P. Arezzo," Ragusa, Italy; INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, F-94805, Villejuif, France (MC-BR); Univ Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, F-94805, Villejuif, France (FC-C); IGR, F-94805, Villejuif, France (GF); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (PHMP, CHvG), and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (HBB-d-M), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands;
Marie-Christine
MC
Boutron-Ruault
Affiliations of authors: Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (SS, CA, VP, FB, SG, VK); Medical Statistics Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy (PC); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece (ATr); Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (VB, EV); Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain (M-JS); CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain (M-JS, M-DC, PA, EA); Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Granada, Spain (M-JS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Health Authority, Murcia, Spain (M-DC); Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, Health Department of Basque Region, San Sebastian, Spain (PA); Health Information Unit, Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain (JRQ); Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain (EA); Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain (GB); Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, ISPO-Cancer Research and Prevention Institute, Florence, Italy (GM); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (SP); Center for Cancer Prevention, Turin, Italy (CS); Human Genetics Foundation, Turin, Italy (CS); Department of Oncology, Histopathology Unit (RT), and Cancer Registry (RT), Ospedale Civile "M.P. Arezzo," Ragusa, Italy; INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, F-94805, Villejuif, France (MC-BR); Univ Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, F-94805, Villejuif, France (FC-C); IGR, F-94805, Villejuif, France (GF); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (PHMP, CHvG), and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (HBB-d-M), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands;
Françoise
F
Clavel-Chapelon
Affiliations of authors: Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (SS, CA, VP, FB, SG, VK); Medical Statistics Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy (PC); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece (ATr); Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (VB, EV); Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain (M-JS); CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain (M-JS, M-DC, PA, EA); Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Granada, Spain (M-JS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Health Authority, Murcia, Spain (M-DC); Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, Health Department of Basque Region, San Sebastian, Spain (PA); Health Information Unit, Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain (JRQ); Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain (EA); Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain (GB); Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, ISPO-Cancer Research and Prevention Institute, Florence, Italy (GM); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (SP); Center for Cancer Prevention, Turin, Italy (CS); Human Genetics Foundation, Turin, Italy (CS); Department of Oncology, Histopathology Unit (RT), and Cancer Registry (RT), Ospedale Civile "M.P. Arezzo," Ragusa, Italy; INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, F-94805, Villejuif, France (MC-BR); Univ Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, F-94805, Villejuif, France (FC-C); IGR, F-94805, Villejuif, France (GF); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (PHMP, CHvG), and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (HBB-d-M), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands;
Guy
G
Fagherazzi
Affiliations of authors: Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (SS, CA, VP, FB, SG, VK); Medical Statistics Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy (PC); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece (ATr); Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (VB, EV); Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain (M-JS); CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain (M-JS, M-DC, PA, EA); Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Granada, Spain (M-JS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Health Authority, Murcia, Spain (M-DC); Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, Health Department of Basque Region, San Sebastian, Spain (PA); Health Information Unit, Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain (JRQ); Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain (EA); Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain (GB); Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, ISPO-Cancer Research and Prevention Institute, Florence, Italy (GM); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (SP); Center for Cancer Prevention, Turin, Italy (CS); Human Genetics Foundation, Turin, Italy (CS); Department of Oncology, Histopathology Unit (RT), and Cancer Registry (RT), Ospedale Civile "M.P. Arezzo," Ragusa, Italy; INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, F-94805, Villejuif, France (MC-BR); Univ Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, F-94805, Villejuif, France (FC-C); IGR, F-94805, Villejuif, France (GF); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (PHMP, CHvG), and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (HBB-d-M), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands;
Petra H M
PH
Peeters
Affiliations of authors: Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (SS, CA, VP, FB, SG, VK); Medical Statistics Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy (PC); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece (ATr); Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (VB, EV); Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain (M-JS); CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain (M-JS, M-DC, PA, EA); Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Granada, Spain (M-JS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Health Authority, Murcia, Spain (M-DC); Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, Health Department of Basque Region, San Sebastian, Spain (PA); Health Information Unit, Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain (JRQ); Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain (EA); Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain (GB); Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, ISPO-Cancer Research and Prevention Institute, Florence, Italy (GM); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (SP); Center for Cancer Prevention, Turin, Italy (CS); Human Genetics Foundation, Turin, Italy (CS); Department of Oncology, Histopathology Unit (RT), and Cancer Registry (RT), Ospedale Civile "M.P. Arezzo," Ragusa, Italy; INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, F-94805, Villejuif, France (MC-BR); Univ Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, F-94805, Villejuif, France (FC-C); IGR, F-94805, Villejuif, France (GF); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (PHMP, CHvG), and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (HBB-d-M), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands;
Carla H
CH
van Gils
Affiliations of authors: Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (SS, CA, VP, FB, SG, VK); Medical Statistics Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy (PC); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece (ATr); Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (VB, EV); Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain (M-JS); CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain (M-JS, M-DC, PA, EA); Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Granada, Spain (M-JS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Health Authority, Murcia, Spain (M-DC); Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, Health Department of Basque Region, San Sebastian, Spain (PA); Health Information Unit, Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain (JRQ); Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain (EA); Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain (GB); Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, ISPO-Cancer Research and Prevention Institute, Florence, Italy (GM); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (SP); Center for Cancer Prevention, Turin, Italy (CS); Human Genetics Foundation, Turin, Italy (CS); Department of Oncology, Histopathology Unit (RT), and Cancer Registry (RT), Ospedale Civile "M.P. Arezzo," Ragusa, Italy; INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, F-94805, Villejuif, France (MC-BR); Univ Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, F-94805, Villejuif, France (FC-C); IGR, F-94805, Villejuif, France (GF); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (PHMP, CHvG), and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (HBB-d-M), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands;
H Bas
HB
Bueno-de-Mesquita
Affiliations of authors: Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (SS, CA, VP, FB, SG, VK); Medical Statistics Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy (PC); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece (ATr); Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (VB, EV); Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain (M-JS); CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain (M-JS, M-DC, PA, EA); Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Granada, Spain (M-JS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Health Authority, Murcia, Spain (M-DC); Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, Health Department of Basque Region, San Sebastian, Spain (PA); Health Information Unit, Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain (JRQ); Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain (EA); Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain (GB); Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, ISPO-Cancer Research and Prevention Institute, Florence, Italy (GM); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (SP); Center for Cancer Prevention, Turin, Italy (CS); Human Genetics Foundation, Turin, Italy (CS); Department of Oncology, Histopathology Unit (RT), and Cancer Registry (RT), Ospedale Civile "M.P. Arezzo," Ragusa, Italy; INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, F-94805, Villejuif, France (MC-BR); Univ Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, F-94805, Villejuif, France (FC-C); IGR, F-94805, Villejuif, France (GF); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (PHMP, CHvG), and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (HBB-d-M), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands;
Henk J
HJ
van Kranen
Affiliations of authors: Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (SS, CA, VP, FB, SG, VK); Medical Statistics Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy (PC); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece (ATr); Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (VB, EV); Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain (M-JS); CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain (M-JS, M-DC, PA, EA); Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Granada, Spain (M-JS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Health Authority, Murcia, Spain (M-DC); Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, Health Department of Basque Region, San Sebastian, Spain (PA); Health Information Unit, Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain (JRQ); Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain (EA); Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain (GB); Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, ISPO-Cancer Research and Prevention Institute, Florence, Italy (GM); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (SP); Center for Cancer Prevention, Turin, Italy (CS); Human Genetics Foundation, Turin, Italy (CS); Department of Oncology, Histopathology Unit (RT), and Cancer Registry (RT), Ospedale Civile "M.P. Arezzo," Ragusa, Italy; INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, F-94805, Villejuif, France (MC-BR); Univ Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, F-94805, Villejuif, France (FC-C); IGR, F-94805, Villejuif, France (GF); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (PHMP, CHvG), and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (HBB-d-M), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands;
Timothy J
TJ
Key
Affiliations of authors: Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (SS, CA, VP, FB, SG, VK); Medical Statistics Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy (PC); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece (ATr); Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (VB, EV); Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain (M-JS); CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain (M-JS, M-DC, PA, EA); Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Granada, Spain (M-JS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Health Authority, Murcia, Spain (M-DC); Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, Health Department of Basque Region, San Sebastian, Spain (PA); Health Information Unit, Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain (JRQ); Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain (EA); Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain (GB); Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, ISPO-Cancer Research and Prevention Institute, Florence, Italy (GM); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (SP); Center for Cancer Prevention, Turin, Italy (CS); Human Genetics Foundation, Turin, Italy (CS); Department of Oncology, Histopathology Unit (RT), and Cancer Registry (RT), Ospedale Civile "M.P. Arezzo," Ragusa, Italy; INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, F-94805, Villejuif, France (MC-BR); Univ Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, F-94805, Villejuif, France (FC-C); IGR, F-94805, Villejuif, France (GF); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (PHMP, CHvG), and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (HBB-d-M), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands;
Ruth C
RC
Travis
Affiliations of authors: Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (SS, CA, VP, FB, SG, VK); Medical Statistics Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy (PC); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece (ATr); Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (VB, EV); Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain (M-JS); CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain (M-JS, M-DC, PA, EA); Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Granada, Spain (M-JS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Health Authority, Murcia, Spain (M-DC); Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, Health Department of Basque Region, San Sebastian, Spain (PA); Health Information Unit, Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain (JRQ); Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain (EA); Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain (GB); Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, ISPO-Cancer Research and Prevention Institute, Florence, Italy (GM); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (SP); Center for Cancer Prevention, Turin, Italy (CS); Human Genetics Foundation, Turin, Italy (CS); Department of Oncology, Histopathology Unit (RT), and Cancer Registry (RT), Ospedale Civile "M.P. Arezzo," Ragusa, Italy; INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, F-94805, Villejuif, France (MC-BR); Univ Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, F-94805, Villejuif, France (FC-C); IGR, F-94805, Villejuif, France (GF); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (PHMP, CHvG), and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (HBB-d-M), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands;
Kay Tee
KT
Khaw
Affiliations of authors: Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (SS, CA, VP, FB, SG, VK); Medical Statistics Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy (PC); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece (ATr); Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (VB, EV); Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain (M-JS); CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain (M-JS, M-DC, PA, EA); Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Granada, Spain (M-JS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Health Authority, Murcia, Spain (M-DC); Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, Health Department of Basque Region, San Sebastian, Spain (PA); Health Information Unit, Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain (JRQ); Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain (EA); Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain (GB); Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, ISPO-Cancer Research and Prevention Institute, Florence, Italy (GM); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (SP); Center for Cancer Prevention, Turin, Italy (CS); Human Genetics Foundation, Turin, Italy (CS); Department of Oncology, Histopathology Unit (RT), and Cancer Registry (RT), Ospedale Civile "M.P. Arezzo," Ragusa, Italy; INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, F-94805, Villejuif, France (MC-BR); Univ Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, F-94805, Villejuif, France (FC-C); IGR, F-94805, Villejuif, France (GF); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (PHMP, CHvG), and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (HBB-d-M), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands;
Nicholas J
NJ
Wareham
Affiliations of authors: Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (SS, CA, VP, FB, SG, VK); Medical Statistics Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy (PC); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece (ATr); Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (VB, EV); Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain (M-JS); CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain (M-JS, M-DC, PA, EA); Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Granada, Spain (M-JS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Health Authority, Murcia, Spain (M-DC); Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, Health Department of Basque Region, San Sebastian, Spain (PA); Health Information Unit, Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain (JRQ); Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain (EA); Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain (GB); Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, ISPO-Cancer Research and Prevention Institute, Florence, Italy (GM); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (SP); Center for Cancer Prevention, Turin, Italy (CS); Human Genetics Foundation, Turin, Italy (CS); Department of Oncology, Histopathology Unit (RT), and Cancer Registry (RT), Ospedale Civile "M.P. Arezzo," Ragusa, Italy; INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, F-94805, Villejuif, France (MC-BR); Univ Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, F-94805, Villejuif, France (FC-C); IGR, F-94805, Villejuif, France (GF); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (PHMP, CHvG), and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (HBB-d-M), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands;
Rudolf
R
Kaaks
Affiliations of authors: Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (SS, CA, VP, FB, SG, VK); Medical Statistics Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy (PC); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece (ATr); Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (VB, EV); Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain (M-JS); CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain (M-JS, M-DC, PA, EA); Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Granada, Spain (M-JS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Health Authority, Murcia, Spain (M-DC); Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, Health Department of Basque Region, San Sebastian, Spain (PA); Health Information Unit, Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain (JRQ); Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain (EA); Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain (GB); Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, ISPO-Cancer Research and Prevention Institute, Florence, Italy (GM); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (SP); Center for Cancer Prevention, Turin, Italy (CS); Human Genetics Foundation, Turin, Italy (CS); Department of Oncology, Histopathology Unit (RT), and Cancer Registry (RT), Ospedale Civile "M.P. Arezzo," Ragusa, Italy; INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, F-94805, Villejuif, France (MC-BR); Univ Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, F-94805, Villejuif, France (FC-C); IGR, F-94805, Villejuif, France (GF); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (PHMP, CHvG), and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (HBB-d-M), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands;
Annekatrin
A
Lukanova
Affiliations of authors: Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (SS, CA, VP, FB, SG, VK); Medical Statistics Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy (PC); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece (ATr); Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (VB, EV); Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain (M-JS); CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain (M-JS, M-DC, PA, EA); Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Granada, Spain (M-JS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Health Authority, Murcia, Spain (M-DC); Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, Health Department of Basque Region, San Sebastian, Spain (PA); Health Information Unit, Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain (JRQ); Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain (EA); Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain (GB); Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, ISPO-Cancer Research and Prevention Institute, Florence, Italy (GM); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (SP); Center for Cancer Prevention, Turin, Italy (CS); Human Genetics Foundation, Turin, Italy (CS); Department of Oncology, Histopathology Unit (RT), and Cancer Registry (RT), Ospedale Civile "M.P. Arezzo," Ragusa, Italy; INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, F-94805, Villejuif, France (MC-BR); Univ Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, F-94805, Villejuif, France (FC-C); IGR, F-94805, Villejuif, France (GF); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (PHMP, CHvG), and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (HBB-d-M), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands;
Heiner
H
Boeing
Affiliations of authors: Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (SS, CA, VP, FB, SG, VK); Medical Statistics Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy (PC); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece (ATr); Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (VB, EV); Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain (M-JS); CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain (M-JS, M-DC, PA, EA); Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Granada, Spain (M-JS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Health Authority, Murcia, Spain (M-DC); Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, Health Department of Basque Region, San Sebastian, Spain (PA); Health Information Unit, Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain (JRQ); Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain (EA); Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain (GB); Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, ISPO-Cancer Research and Prevention Institute, Florence, Italy (GM); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (SP); Center for Cancer Prevention, Turin, Italy (CS); Human Genetics Foundation, Turin, Italy (CS); Department of Oncology, Histopathology Unit (RT), and Cancer Registry (RT), Ospedale Civile "M.P. Arezzo," Ragusa, Italy; INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, F-94805, Villejuif, France (MC-BR); Univ Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, F-94805, Villejuif, France (FC-C); IGR, F-94805, Villejuif, France (GF); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (PHMP, CHvG), and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (HBB-d-M), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands;
Madlen
M
Schütze
Affiliations of authors: Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (SS, CA, VP, FB, SG, VK); Medical Statistics Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy (PC); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece (ATr); Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (VB, EV); Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain (M-JS); CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain (M-JS, M-DC, PA, EA); Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Granada, Spain (M-JS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Health Authority, Murcia, Spain (M-DC); Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, Health Department of Basque Region, San Sebastian, Spain (PA); Health Information Unit, Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain (JRQ); Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain (EA); Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain (GB); Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, ISPO-Cancer Research and Prevention Institute, Florence, Italy (GM); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (SP); Center for Cancer Prevention, Turin, Italy (CS); Human Genetics Foundation, Turin, Italy (CS); Department of Oncology, Histopathology Unit (RT), and Cancer Registry (RT), Ospedale Civile "M.P. Arezzo," Ragusa, Italy; INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, F-94805, Villejuif, France (MC-BR); Univ Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, F-94805, Villejuif, France (FC-C); IGR, F-94805, Villejuif, France (GF); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (PHMP, CHvG), and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (HBB-d-M), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands;
Emily
E
Sonestedt
Affiliations of authors: Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (SS, CA, VP, FB, SG, VK); Medical Statistics Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy (PC); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece (ATr); Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (VB, EV); Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain (M-JS); CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain (M-JS, M-DC, PA, EA); Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Granada, Spain (M-JS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Health Authority, Murcia, Spain (M-DC); Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, Health Department of Basque Region, San Sebastian, Spain (PA); Health Information Unit, Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain (JRQ); Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain (EA); Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain (GB); Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, ISPO-Cancer Research and Prevention Institute, Florence, Italy (GM); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (SP); Center for Cancer Prevention, Turin, Italy (CS); Human Genetics Foundation, Turin, Italy (CS); Department of Oncology, Histopathology Unit (RT), and Cancer Registry (RT), Ospedale Civile "M.P. Arezzo," Ragusa, Italy; INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, F-94805, Villejuif, France (MC-BR); Univ Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, F-94805, Villejuif, France (FC-C); IGR, F-94805, Villejuif, France (GF); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (PHMP, CHvG), and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (HBB-d-M), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands;
Elisabeth
E
Wirfält
Affiliations of authors: Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (SS, CA, VP, FB, SG, VK); Medical Statistics Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy (PC); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece (ATr); Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (VB, EV); Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain (M-JS); CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain (M-JS, M-DC, PA, EA); Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Granada, Spain (M-JS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Health Authority, Murcia, Spain (M-DC); Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, Health Department of Basque Region, San Sebastian, Spain (PA); Health Information Unit, Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain (JRQ); Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain (EA); Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain (GB); Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, ISPO-Cancer Research and Prevention Institute, Florence, Italy (GM); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (SP); Center for Cancer Prevention, Turin, Italy (CS); Human Genetics Foundation, Turin, Italy (CS); Department of Oncology, Histopathology Unit (RT), and Cancer Registry (RT), Ospedale Civile "M.P. Arezzo," Ragusa, Italy; INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, F-94805, Villejuif, France (MC-BR); Univ Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, F-94805, Villejuif, France (FC-C); IGR, F-94805, Villejuif, France (GF); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (PHMP, CHvG), and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (HBB-d-M), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands;
Malin
M
Sund
Affiliations of authors: Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (SS, CA, VP, FB, SG, VK); Medical Statistics Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy (PC); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece (ATr); Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (VB, EV); Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain (M-JS); CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain (M-JS, M-DC, PA, EA); Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Granada, Spain (M-JS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Health Authority, Murcia, Spain (M-DC); Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, Health Department of Basque Region, San Sebastian, Spain (PA); Health Information Unit, Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain (JRQ); Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain (EA); Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain (GB); Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, ISPO-Cancer Research and Prevention Institute, Florence, Italy (GM); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (SP); Center for Cancer Prevention, Turin, Italy (CS); Human Genetics Foundation, Turin, Italy (CS); Department of Oncology, Histopathology Unit (RT), and Cancer Registry (RT), Ospedale Civile "M.P. Arezzo," Ragusa, Italy; INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, F-94805, Villejuif, France (MC-BR); Univ Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, F-94805, Villejuif, France (FC-C); IGR, F-94805, Villejuif, France (GF); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (PHMP, CHvG), and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (HBB-d-M), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands;
Anne
A
Andersson
Affiliations of authors: Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (SS, CA, VP, FB, SG, VK); Medical Statistics Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy (PC); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece (ATr); Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (VB, EV); Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain (M-JS); CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain (M-JS, M-DC, PA, EA); Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Granada, Spain (M-JS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Health Authority, Murcia, Spain (M-DC); Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, Health Department of Basque Region, San Sebastian, Spain (PA); Health Information Unit, Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain (JRQ); Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain (EA); Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain (GB); Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, ISPO-Cancer Research and Prevention Institute, Florence, Italy (GM); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (SP); Center for Cancer Prevention, Turin, Italy (CS); Human Genetics Foundation, Turin, Italy (CS); Department of Oncology, Histopathology Unit (RT), and Cancer Registry (RT), Ospedale Civile "M.P. Arezzo," Ragusa, Italy; INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, F-94805, Villejuif, France (MC-BR); Univ Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, F-94805, Villejuif, France (FC-C); IGR, F-94805, Villejuif, France (GF); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (PHMP, CHvG), and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (HBB-d-M), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands;
Veronique
V
Chajes
Affiliations of authors: Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (SS, CA, VP, FB, SG, VK); Medical Statistics Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy (PC); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece (ATr); Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (VB, EV); Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain (M-JS); CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain (M-JS, M-DC, PA, EA); Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Granada, Spain (M-JS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Health Authority, Murcia, Spain (M-DC); Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, Health Department of Basque Region, San Sebastian, Spain (PA); Health Information Unit, Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain (JRQ); Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain (EA); Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain (GB); Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, ISPO-Cancer Research and Prevention Institute, Florence, Italy (GM); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (SP); Center for Cancer Prevention, Turin, Italy (CS); Human Genetics Foundation, Turin, Italy (CS); Department of Oncology, Histopathology Unit (RT), and Cancer Registry (RT), Ospedale Civile "M.P. Arezzo," Ragusa, Italy; INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, F-94805, Villejuif, France (MC-BR); Univ Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, F-94805, Villejuif, France (FC-C); IGR, F-94805, Villejuif, France (GF); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (PHMP, CHvG), and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (HBB-d-M), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands;
Sabina
S
Rinaldi
Affiliations of authors: Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (SS, CA, VP, FB, SG, VK); Medical Statistics Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy (PC); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece (ATr); Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (VB, EV); Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain (M-JS); CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain (M-JS, M-DC, PA, EA); Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Granada, Spain (M-JS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Health Authority, Murcia, Spain (M-DC); Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, Health Department of Basque Region, San Sebastian, Spain (PA); Health Information Unit, Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain (JRQ); Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain (EA); Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain (GB); Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, ISPO-Cancer Research and Prevention Institute, Florence, Italy (GM); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (SP); Center for Cancer Prevention, Turin, Italy (CS); Human Genetics Foundation, Turin, Italy (CS); Department of Oncology, Histopathology Unit (RT), and Cancer Registry (RT), Ospedale Civile "M.P. Arezzo," Ragusa, Italy; INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, F-94805, Villejuif, France (MC-BR); Univ Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, F-94805, Villejuif, France (FC-C); IGR, F-94805, Villejuif, France (GF); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (PHMP, CHvG), and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (HBB-d-M), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands;
Isabelle
I
Romieu
Affiliations of authors: Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (SS, CA, VP, FB, SG, VK); Medical Statistics Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy (PC); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece (ATr); Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (VB, EV); Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain (M-JS); CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain (M-JS, M-DC, PA, EA); Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Granada, Spain (M-JS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Health Authority, Murcia, Spain (M-DC); Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, Health Department of Basque Region, San Sebastian, Spain (PA); Health Information Unit, Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain (JRQ); Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain (EA); Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain (GB); Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, ISPO-Cancer Research and Prevention Institute, Florence, Italy (GM); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (SP); Center for Cancer Prevention, Turin, Italy (CS); Human Genetics Foundation, Turin, Italy (CS); Department of Oncology, Histopathology Unit (RT), and Cancer Registry (RT), Ospedale Civile "M.P. Arezzo," Ragusa, Italy; INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, F-94805, Villejuif, France (MC-BR); Univ Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, F-94805, Villejuif, France (FC-C); IGR, F-94805, Villejuif, France (GF); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (PHMP, CHvG), and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (HBB-d-M), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands;
Elisabete
E
Weiderpass
Affiliations of authors: Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (SS, CA, VP, FB, SG, VK); Medical Statistics Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy (PC); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece (ATr); Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (VB, EV); Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain (M-JS); CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain (M-JS, M-DC, PA, EA); Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Granada, Spain (M-JS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Health Authority, Murcia, Spain (M-DC); Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, Health Department of Basque Region, San Sebastian, Spain (PA); Health Information Unit, Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain (JRQ); Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain (EA); Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain (GB); Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, ISPO-Cancer Research and Prevention Institute, Florence, Italy (GM); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (SP); Center for Cancer Prevention, Turin, Italy (CS); Human Genetics Foundation, Turin, Italy (CS); Department of Oncology, Histopathology Unit (RT), and Cancer Registry (RT), Ospedale Civile "M.P. Arezzo," Ragusa, Italy; INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, F-94805, Villejuif, France (MC-BR); Univ Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, F-94805, Villejuif, France (FC-C); IGR, F-94805, Villejuif, France (GF); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (PHMP, CHvG), and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (HBB-d-M), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands;
Guri
G
Skeie
Affiliations of authors: Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (SS, CA, VP, FB, SG, VK); Medical Statistics Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy (PC); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece (ATr); Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (VB, EV); Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain (M-JS); CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain (M-JS, M-DC, PA, EA); Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Granada, Spain (M-JS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Health Authority, Murcia, Spain (M-DC); Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, Health Department of Basque Region, San Sebastian, Spain (PA); Health Information Unit, Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain (JRQ); Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain (EA); Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain (GB); Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, ISPO-Cancer Research and Prevention Institute, Florence, Italy (GM); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (SP); Center for Cancer Prevention, Turin, Italy (CS); Human Genetics Foundation, Turin, Italy (CS); Department of Oncology, Histopathology Unit (RT), and Cancer Registry (RT), Ospedale Civile "M.P. Arezzo," Ragusa, Italy; INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, F-94805, Villejuif, France (MC-BR); Univ Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, F-94805, Villejuif, France (FC-C); IGR, F-94805, Villejuif, France (GF); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (PHMP, CHvG), and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (HBB-d-M), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands;
Engeset
E
Dagrun
Affiliations of authors: Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (SS, CA, VP, FB, SG, VK); Medical Statistics Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy (PC); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece (ATr); Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (VB, EV); Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain (M-JS); CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain (M-JS, M-DC, PA, EA); Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Granada, Spain (M-JS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Health Authority, Murcia, Spain (M-DC); Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, Health Department of Basque Region, San Sebastian, Spain (PA); Health Information Unit, Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain (JRQ); Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain (EA); Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain (GB); Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, ISPO-Cancer Research and Prevention Institute, Florence, Italy (GM); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (SP); Center for Cancer Prevention, Turin, Italy (CS); Human Genetics Foundation, Turin, Italy (CS); Department of Oncology, Histopathology Unit (RT), and Cancer Registry (RT), Ospedale Civile "M.P. Arezzo," Ragusa, Italy; INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, F-94805, Villejuif, France (MC-BR); Univ Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, F-94805, Villejuif, France (FC-C); IGR, F-94805, Villejuif, France (GF); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (PHMP, CHvG), and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (HBB-d-M), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands;
Anne
A
Tjønneland
Affiliations of authors: Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (SS, CA, VP, FB, SG, VK); Medical Statistics Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy (PC); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece (ATr); Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (VB, EV); Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain (M-JS); CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain (M-JS, M-DC, PA, EA); Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Granada, Spain (M-JS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Health Authority, Murcia, Spain (M-DC); Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, Health Department of Basque Region, San Sebastian, Spain (PA); Health Information Unit, Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain (JRQ); Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain (EA); Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain (GB); Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, ISPO-Cancer Research and Prevention Institute, Florence, Italy (GM); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (SP); Center for Cancer Prevention, Turin, Italy (CS); Human Genetics Foundation, Turin, Italy (CS); Department of Oncology, Histopathology Unit (RT), and Cancer Registry (RT), Ospedale Civile "M.P. Arezzo," Ragusa, Italy; INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, F-94805, Villejuif, France (MC-BR); Univ Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, F-94805, Villejuif, France (FC-C); IGR, F-94805, Villejuif, France (GF); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (PHMP, CHvG), and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (HBB-d-M), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands;
Jytte
J
Halkjær
Affiliations of authors: Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (SS, CA, VP, FB, SG, VK); Medical Statistics Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy (PC); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece (ATr); Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (VB, EV); Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain (M-JS); CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain (M-JS, M-DC, PA, EA); Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Granada, Spain (M-JS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Health Authority, Murcia, Spain (M-DC); Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, Health Department of Basque Region, San Sebastian, Spain (PA); Health Information Unit, Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain (JRQ); Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain (EA); Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain (GB); Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, ISPO-Cancer Research and Prevention Institute, Florence, Italy (GM); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (SP); Center for Cancer Prevention, Turin, Italy (CS); Human Genetics Foundation, Turin, Italy (CS); Department of Oncology, Histopathology Unit (RT), and Cancer Registry (RT), Ospedale Civile "M.P. Arezzo," Ragusa, Italy; INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, F-94805, Villejuif, France (MC-BR); Univ Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, F-94805, Villejuif, France (FC-C); IGR, F-94805, Villejuif, France (GF); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (PHMP, CHvG), and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (HBB-d-M), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands;
Kim
K
Overvard
Affiliations of authors: Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (SS, CA, VP, FB, SG, VK); Medical Statistics Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy (PC); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece (ATr); Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (VB, EV); Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain (M-JS); CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain (M-JS, M-DC, PA, EA); Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Granada, Spain (M-JS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Health Authority, Murcia, Spain (M-DC); Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, Health Department of Basque Region, San Sebastian, Spain (PA); Health Information Unit, Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain (JRQ); Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain (EA); Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain (GB); Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, ISPO-Cancer Research and Prevention Institute, Florence, Italy (GM); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (SP); Center for Cancer Prevention, Turin, Italy (CS); Human Genetics Foundation, Turin, Italy (CS); Department of Oncology, Histopathology Unit (RT), and Cancer Registry (RT), Ospedale Civile "M.P. Arezzo," Ragusa, Italy; INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, F-94805, Villejuif, France (MC-BR); Univ Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, F-94805, Villejuif, France (FC-C); IGR, F-94805, Villejuif, France (GF); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (PHMP, CHvG), and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (HBB-d-M), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands;
Melissa A
MA
Merritt
Affiliations of authors: Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (SS, CA, VP, FB, SG, VK); Medical Statistics Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy (PC); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece (ATr); Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (VB, EV); Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain (M-JS); CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain (M-JS, M-DC, PA, EA); Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Granada, Spain (M-JS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Health Authority, Murcia, Spain (M-DC); Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, Health Department of Basque Region, San Sebastian, Spain (PA); Health Information Unit, Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain (JRQ); Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain (EA); Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain (GB); Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, ISPO-Cancer Research and Prevention Institute, Florence, Italy (GM); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (SP); Center for Cancer Prevention, Turin, Italy (CS); Human Genetics Foundation, Turin, Italy (CS); Department of Oncology, Histopathology Unit (RT), and Cancer Registry (RT), Ospedale Civile "M.P. Arezzo," Ragusa, Italy; INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, F-94805, Villejuif, France (MC-BR); Univ Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, F-94805, Villejuif, France (FC-C); IGR, F-94805, Villejuif, France (GF); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (PHMP, CHvG), and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (HBB-d-M), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands;
David
D
Cox
Affiliations of authors: Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (SS, CA, VP, FB, SG, VK); Medical Statistics Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy (PC); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece (ATr); Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (VB, EV); Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain (M-JS); CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain (M-JS, M-DC, PA, EA); Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Granada, Spain (M-JS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Health Authority, Murcia, Spain (M-DC); Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, Health Department of Basque Region, San Sebastian, Spain (PA); Health Information Unit, Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain (JRQ); Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain (EA); Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain (GB); Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, ISPO-Cancer Research and Prevention Institute, Florence, Italy (GM); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (SP); Center for Cancer Prevention, Turin, Italy (CS); Human Genetics Foundation, Turin, Italy (CS); Department of Oncology, Histopathology Unit (RT), and Cancer Registry (RT), Ospedale Civile "M.P. Arezzo," Ragusa, Italy; INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, F-94805, Villejuif, France (MC-BR); Univ Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, F-94805, Villejuif, France (FC-C); IGR, F-94805, Villejuif, France (GF); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (PHMP, CHvG), and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (HBB-d-M), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands;
Elio
E
Riboli
Affiliations of authors: Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (SS, CA, VP, FB, SG, VK); Medical Statistics Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy (PC); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece (ATr); Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (VB, EV); Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain (M-JS); CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain (M-JS, M-DC, PA, EA); Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Granada, Spain (M-JS); Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Health Authority, Murcia, Spain (M-DC); Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, Health Department of Basque Region, San Sebastian, Spain (PA); Health Information Unit, Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain (JRQ); Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain (EA); Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain (GB); Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, ISPO-Cancer Research and Prevention Institute, Florence, Italy (GM); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (SP); Center for Cancer Prevention, Turin, Italy (CS); Human Genetics Foundation, Turin, Italy (CS); Department of Oncology, Histopathology Unit (RT), and Cancer Registry (RT), Ospedale Civile "M.P. Arezzo," Ragusa, Italy; INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, F-94805, Villejuif, France (MC-BR); Univ Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, F-94805, Villejuif, France (FC-C); IGR, F-94805, Villejuif, France (GF); Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (PHMP, CHvG), and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (HBB-d-M), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands;
Vittorio
V
Krogh
D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D015331:Cohort Studies; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000096:biosynthesis
D004041:Dietary Fats; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone; C508053:ERBB2 protein, human