Silver nanoparticle production by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum: nanoparticle characterisation and analysis of antifungal activity against pathogenic yeasts.
The microbial synthesis of nanoparticles is a green chemistry approach that combines nanotechnology and microbial biotechnology. The aim of this study was to obtain silver nanoparticles (SNPs) using aqueous extract from the filamentous fungus Fusarium oxysporum as an alternative to chemical procedures and to evaluate its antifungal activity. SNPs production increased in a concentration-dependent way up to 1 mM silver nitrate until 30 days of reaction. Monodispersed and spherical SNPs were predominantly produced. After 60 days, it was possible to observe degenerated SNPs with in additional needle morphology. The SNPs showed a high antifungal activity against Candida and Cryptococcus , with minimum inhibitory concentration values ≤ 1.68 µg/mL for both genera. Morphological alterations of Cryptococcus neoformans treated with SNPs were observed such as disruption of the cell wall and cytoplasmic membrane and lost of the cytoplasm content. This work revealed that SNPs can be easily produced by F. oxysporum aqueous extracts and may be a feasible, low-cost, environmentally friendly method for generating stable and uniformly sized SNPs. Finally, we have demonstrated that these SNPs are active against pathogenic fungi, such as Candida and Cryptococcus.
Laboratório de Quimioterapia Antifúngica, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
Kelly
K
Ishida
Laboratório de Biologia Celular de Fungos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro.
Talita Ferreira
TF
Cipriano
Laboratório de Física Biológica, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro.
Gustavo Miranda
GM
Rocha
Laboratório de Física Biológica, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro.
Gilberto
G
Weissmüller
Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Padronização e Qualidade Industrial, Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brasil.
Fabio
F
Gomes
Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Padronização e Qualidade Industrial, Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brasil.
Kildare
K
Miranda
Laboratório de Biologia Celular de Fungos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro.
Sonia
S
Rozental
D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002175:Candida / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002457:Cell Extracts; D003454:Cryptococcus / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D052978:Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests; D005670:Fusarium / Q000378:metabolism*; D006131:Growth Inhibitors; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D012834:Silver / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use
D000935:Antifungal Agents; D002457:Cell Extracts; D006131:Growth Inhibitors; D012834:Silver