To BMP or not to BMP during vertebrate limb bud development.
The analysis of vertebrate limb bud development provides insight of general relevance into the signaling networks that underlie the controlled proliferative expansion of large populations of mesenchymal progenitors, cell fate determination and initiation of differentiation. In particular, extensive genetic analysis of mouse and experimental manipulation of chicken limb bud development has revealed the self-regulatory feedback signaling systems that interlink the main morphoregulatory signaling pathways including BMPs and their antagonists. It this review, we showcase the key role of BMPs and their antagonists during limb bud development. This review provides an understanding of the key morphoregulatory interactions that underlie the highly dynamic changes in BMP activity and signal transduction as limb bud development progresses from initiation and setting-up the signaling centers to determination and formation of the chondrogenic primordia for the limb skeletal elements.
Developmental Genetics, Department Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland.
Emanuele
E
Pignatti
Developmental Genetics, Department Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland.
Rolf
R
Zeller
Developmental Genetics, Department Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland. Electronic address: aimee.zuniga@unibas.ch.
Aimée
A
Zuniga
D000818:Animals; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D018878:Limb Buds / Q000196:embryology* / Q000254:growth & development*; D051379:Mice; D008957:Models, Genetic; D038081:Organogenesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D014714:Vertebrates
D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D020033:Protein Isoforms
Antagonist; BMP; Limb bud; Mouse; Signaling; TGFβ