Anterior maxillary dentoalveolar and skeletal cephalometric factors involved in upper incisor crown exposure in subjects with Class II and III skeletal open bite.
OBJECTIVE
To compare the anterior dentoalveolar and skeletal maxillary cephalometric factors involved in excessive upper incisor crown exposure (UICE) in subjects with skeletal open bite Class II (SOBCIIG) and Class III (SOBCIIIG) against an untreated control group (CG).


METHODS
Seventy pretreatment lateral cephalograms of orthodontic young adult patients (34 men, 36 women) were examined. The sample was divided into three groups according to both sagittal and vertical growth pattern and occlusion. The CG group (n  =  25) included Class I, normodivergent cases with adequate overbite, and the SOBCIIG group (n  =  25) and SOBCIIIG group (n  =  20) included skeletal Class II or III malocclusions, respectively, with hyperdivergent pattern and negative overbite. Several cephalometric measurements were considered (skeletal and dental). Analysis of variance, multivariate analysis of covariance, and Tukey HSD post hoc tests were used. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used for reducing the number of cephalometric variables related to UICE. Finally, a multiple linear regression was calculated.


RESULTS
Significant differences in UICE were found between the groups (P < .05). UICE was 3.9 mm in SOBCIIG, 2.5 mm in SOBCIIIG, and 0.4 mm in CG. PCA showed that a nondental component-including vertical maxillary height (VMH) and upper lip height (ULH)-was the only component significantly associated with UICE. The regression model had a moderate prediction capability.


CONCLUSIONS
Although the UICE was statistically different in SOBCIIG, the values were within the esthetic standards. The UICE was mainly influenced by VMH and ULH.
a  Associate Professor, Division of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Científica del Sur-UCSUR, and Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, UNMSM, Lima, Perú.
Luis Ernesto
LE
Arriola-Guillén
Carlos
C
Flores-Mir
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000254:growth & development / Q000473:pathology*; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D007180:Incisor / Q000473:pathology*; D008046:Lip / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000473:pathology*; D008313:Malocclusion, Angle Class III / Q000473:pathology*; D008437:Maxilla / Q000254:growth & development / Q000473:pathology*; D024343:Open Bite / Q000473:pathology*; D057887:Overbite / Q000473:pathology; D010159:Palate / Q000473:pathology; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D019228:Tooth Crown / Q000473:pathology*; D014716:Vertical Dimension; D055815:Young Adult
Cephalometry; Skeletal open bite; Upper incisor crown exposure