Health monitors for chronic disease by gait analysis with mobile phones.
We have developed GaitTrack, a phone application to detect health status while the smartphone is carried normally. GaitTrack software monitors walking patterns, using only accelerometers embedded in phones to record spatiotemporal motion, without the need for sensors external to the phone. Our software transforms smartphones into health monitors, using eight parameters of phone motion transformed into body motion by the gait model. GaitTrack is designed to detect health status while the smartphone is carried during normal activities, namely, free-living walking. The current method for assessing free-living walking is medical accelerometers, so we present evidence that mobile phones running our software are more accurate. We then show our gait model is more accurate than medical pedometers for counting steps of patients with chronic disease. Our gait model was evaluated in a pilot study involving 30 patients with chronic lung disease. The six-minute walk test (6 MWT) is a major assessment for chronic heart and lung disease, including congestive heart failure and especially chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), affecting millions of persons. The 6 MWT consists of walking back and forth along a measured distance for 6 minutes. The gait model using linear regression performed with 94.13% accuracy in measuring walk distance, compared with the established standard of direct observation. We also evaluated a different statistical model using the same gait parameters to predict health status through lung function. This gait model has high accuracy when applied to demographic cohorts, for example, 89.22% accuracy testing the cohort of 12 female patients with ages 50-64 years.
1 Department of Medical Information Science, Department of Computer Science, Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois.
Joshua
J
Juen
Qian
Q
Cheng
Valentin
V
Prieto-Centurion
Jerry A
JA
Krishnan
Bruce
B
Schatz
D061725:Accelerometry; D040421:Cell Phone; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology*; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D018670:Monitoring, Ambulatory / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012984:Software; D060388:Support Vector Machine
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; gait analysis; health monitors; home health monitoring; m-health; mobile phones