Phylogeny of the clinically relevant species of the emerging fungus Trichoderma and their antifungal susceptibilities.
A set of 73 isolates of the emerging fungus Trichoderma isolated from human and animal clinical specimens were characterized morphologically and molecularly using a multilocus sequence analysis that included the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of the nuclear ribosomal DNA and fragments of the translation elongation factor 1 alpha (Tef1), endochitinase CHI18-5 (Chi18-5), and actin 1 (Act1) genes. The most frequent species was Trichoderma longibrachiatum (26%), followed by Trichoderma citrinoviride (18%), the Hypocrea lixii/Trichoderma harzianum species complex (15%), the newly described species Trichoderma bissettii (12%), and Trichoderma orientale (11%). The most common anatomical sites of isolation in human clinical specimens were the respiratory tract (40%), followed by deep tissue (30%) and superficial tissues (26%), while all the animal-associated isolates were obtained from superficial tissue samples. Susceptibilities of the isolates to eight antifungal drugs in vitro showed mostly high MICs, except for voriconazole and the echinocandins.
Unitat de Microbiologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.
Marcelo
M
Sandoval-Denis
Fungus Testing Laboratory, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
Deanna A
DA
Sutton
Unitat de Microbiologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.
José F
JF
Cano-Lira
Unitat de Microbiologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain josepa.gene@urv.cat.
Josepa
J
Gené
Fungus Testing Laboratory, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
Annette W
AW
Fothergill
Fungus Testing Laboratory, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
Nathan P
NP
Wiederhold
Unitat de Microbiologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.
Josep
J
Guarro
D000199:Actins / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002688:Chitinases / Q000235:genetics; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D021821:Communicable Diseases, Emerging / Q000382:microbiology*; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D058885:Multilocus Sequence Typing; D009181:Mycoses / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000662:veterinary*; D020648:Peptide Elongation Factor 1 / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D014242:Trichoderma / Q000145:classification* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification
D000199:Actins; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D004271:DNA, Fungal; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; D020648:Peptide Elongation Factor 1; D002688:Chitinases