The complete mitochondrial genome of Taeniogonalos taihorina (Bischoff) (Hymenoptera: Trigonalyidae) reveals a novel gene rearrangement pattern in the Hymenoptera.
The family Trigonalyidae is considered to be one of the most basal lineages in the suborder Apocrita of Hymenoptera. Here, we determine the first complete mitochondrial genome of the Trigonalyidae, from the species Taeniogonalos taihorina (Bischoff, 1914). This mitochondrial genome is 15,927bp long, with a high A+T-content of 84.60%. It contains all of the 37 typical animal mitochondrial genes and an A+T-rich region. The orders and directions of all genes are different from those of previously reported hymenopteran mitochondrial genomes. Eight tRNA genes, three protein-coding genes and the A+T-rich region were rearranged, with the dominant gene rearrangement events being translocation and local inversion. The arrangements of three tRNA clusters, trnY-trnM-trnI-trnQ, trnW-trnL2-trnC, and trnH-trnA-trnR-trnN-trnS-trnE-trnF, and the position of the cox1 gene, are novel to the Hymenoptera, even the insects. Six long intergenic spacers are present in the genome. The secondary structures of the RNA genes are normal, except for trnS2, in which the D-stem pairing is absent.
Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; College of Agronomy and Plant Protection, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
Qiu-Ling
QL
Wu
Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
Qian
Q
Li
College of Agronomy and Plant Protection, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
Yun
Y
Gu
Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China.
Bao-Cai
BC
Shi
Terrestrial Zoology, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands.
Cees
C
van Achterberg
Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China. Electronic address: shujun268@163.com.
Shu-Jun
SJ
Wei
Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China. Electronic address: xxchen@zju.edu.cn.
Xue-Xin
XX
Chen
D000818:Animals; D001482:Base Composition; D001483:Base Sequence; D005260:Female; D023061:Gene Order; D015321:Gene Rearrangement; D017344:Genes, Insect; D050259:Genes, Mitochondrial; D054629:Genome, Mitochondrial; D006927:Hymenoptera / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D012313:RNA / Q000235:genetics; D000077278:RNA, Mitochondrial; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
D000077278:RNA, Mitochondrial; D012313:RNA
Gene rearrangement; Intergenic spacer; Mitochondrial genome; Secondary structure; Taeniogonalos taihorina