A snapshot of plasma metabolites in first-episode schizophrenia: a capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry study.
Few biomarkers have been known that can easily measure clinical conditions in mental illnesses such as schizophrenia. Capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry (CE-TOFMS) is a new method that can measure ionized and low-molecular-weight metabolites. To explore global metabolomic alterations that characterize the onset of schizophrenia and identify biomarkers, we profiled the relative and absolute concentrations of the plasma metabolites from 30 patients with first-episode schizophrenia (FESZ, four drug-naïve samples), 38 healthy controls and 15 individuals with autism spectrum disorders using CE-TOFMS. Five metabolites had robust changes (increased creatine and decreased betaine, nonanoic acid, benzoic acid and perillic acid) in two independent sample sets. Altered levels of these metabolites are consistent with well-known hypotheses regarding abnormalities of the homocysteine metabolism, creatine kinase-emia and oxidative stress. Although it should be considered that most patients with FESZ received medication, these metabolites are candidate biomarkers to improve the determination of diagnosis, severity and clinical stages, especially for FESZ.
1] Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan [2] Division for Counseling and Support, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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S
Koike
Department of Molecular Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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M
Bundo
Department of Molecular Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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K
Iwamoto
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
M
M
Suga
1] Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan [2] Department of Child Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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H
Kuwabara
Human Metabolome Technologies, Tsuruoka, Japan.
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Y
Ohashi
Human Metabolome Technologies, Tsuruoka, Japan.
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K
Shinoda
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Y
Y
Takano
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
N
N
Iwashiro
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Y
Y
Satomura
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
T
T
Nagai
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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T
Natsubori
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
M
M
Tada
1] Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan [2] Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Tokyo, Japan.
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H
Yamasue
1] Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan [2] Japan Science and Technology Agency, National Bioscience Database Center (NBDC), Tokyo, Japan.
K
K
Kasai
D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D002659:Child Development Disorders, Pervasive / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D010949:Plasma / Q000378:metabolism*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D055815:Young Adult
D015415:Biomarkers