Contextual functions of antigen-presenting cells in the gastrointestinal tract.
The immune system of the gastrointestinal tract must be tightly regulated to limit pathologic responses toward innocuous antigens while simultaneously allowing for rapid development of effector responses against invading pathogens. Highly specialized antigen-presenting cell (APC) subsets present in the gut play a dominant role in balancing these seemingly disparate functions. In this review, we discuss new findings associated with the function of gut APCs and particularly the contextual role of these cells in both establishing tolerance to orally acquired antigens in the steady state and regulating acute inflammation during infection.
Program in Barrier Immunity and Repair, Mucosal Immunology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.
John R
JR
Grainger
Michael H
MH
Askenase
Fanny
F
Guimont-Desrochers
Denise Morais
DM
da Fonseca
Yasmine
Y
Belkaid
D000818:Animals; D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000276:immunology; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D056747:Immunomodulation; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D010586:Phagocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors
Treg; antigen-presenting cell; commensal; dendritic cell; immune regulation; macrophage; monocyte; mucosal; pathogen