Ulcerated necrobiosis lipoidica to a teenager with diabetes mellitus and obesity.
Many skin lesions are associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) type 1 or 2, due to the use of antidiabetics or to metabolic and endocrine disorders caused by this disease. Necrobiosis lipoidica (NL) occurs more frequently in patients with DM. Painful ulcerations may occur on NL areas in about 20-25% of the cases and usually they are related to trauma. We present the case of a teenager, male, 17-year-old, having NL with multiple plaques, some of them spontaneously ulcerated after about 33 months of onset. He is known with type 1 DM from 2.5 years and the NL preceding the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus with about six months, presented erythematous-infiltrative skin plaques, some ulcerated for about three months, interesting both shins. Based on clinical, histopathological and paraclinical examinations, we established the following diagnoses: ulcerated NL, type 1 DM, moderate mixed dyslipidemia, class I obesity; commissural candidiasis, juvenile acne. Under treatment with Pentoxifyllinum, Sulodexidum, Ketotifenum and topical therapy with 0.2% Hyaluronic acid two months later, we have managed to heal two of the three ulcerated plaques and of the third has become superficial. We applied 0.5% Fluocortolonum on non-ulcerated plaques recording an improvement after two weeks of treatment. NL is a skin disease with a predilection for the shins, more frequent in patients with diabetes and is a part of palisading granulomatous dermatitis, which leads to skin atrophy. NL is found in the 0.3-1.2% of diabetic patients and is rare in children with diabetes (0.006%). It is more common in the patients with type 1 DM. The onset is in the third decade in diabetic patients and in the fourth decade in non-diabetics. There is no consensus concerning the treatment of NL, and the results are often modest. Antiplatelet agents, corticosteroids (local and general), immunomodulatory drugs, cyclins, wide synthetic antipaludics, heparin, Thalidomide are used. NL treatment is very difficult, especially in the ulcerated forms. Many of the drugs listed have proven efficacy only in isolated cases. Studies are necessary on large series of patients to determine the optimal therapy of NL.
Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania; vm.patrascu@gmail.com.
Virgil
V
Pătraşcu
Claudia
C
Giurcă
Raluca Niculina
RN
Ciurea
Corneliu Cristian
CC
Georgescu
Marius Eugen
ME
Ciurea
D000293:Adolescent; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D024022:Fibrillar Collagens / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009335:Necrobiosis Lipoidica / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D014456:Ulcer / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology
D024022:Fibrillar Collagens