In vivo (1)H MRS study of potential associations between glutathione, oxidative stress and anhedonia in major depressive disorder.
Inflammation and oxidative stress are important mechanisms that have been implicated in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). Glutathione (GSH) is the most abundant antioxidant in human tissue, and a key index of antioxidant capacity and, hence, of oxidative stress. The aims of this investigation were to examine possible relationships between occipital GSH and dimensional measures of depressive symptom severity, including anhedonia - the reduced capacity to experience pleasure - and fatigue. We hypothesized that the magnitude of anhedonia and fatigue will be negatively correlated with occipital GSH levels in subjects with MDD and healthy controls (HC). Data for eleven adults with MDD and ten age- and sex-matched HC subjects were included in this secondary analysis of data from a previously published study. In vivo levels of GSH in a 3cm×3cm×2cm voxel of occipital cortex were obtained by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H MRS) on a 3T MR system, using the standard J-edited spin-echo difference technique. Anhedonia was assessed by combining interest items from depression and fatigue rating scales, and fatigue by use of the multidimensional fatigue inventory. Across the full sample of participants, anhedonia severity and occipital GSH levels were negatively correlated (r=-0.55, p=0.01). No associations were found between fatigue severity and GSH in this sample. These preliminary findings are potentially consistent with a pathophysiological role for GSH and oxidative stress in anhedonia and MDD. Larger studies in anhedonic depressed patients are indicated.
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA. Electronic address: kyle.lapidus@mssm.edu.
Kyle A B
KA
Lapidus
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA.
Vilma
V
Gabbay
Cornell Weill Medical Center, 420 East 70 Street, New York, NY 10021, USA.
Xiangling
X
Mao
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA.
Amy
A
Johnson
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA.
James W
JW
Murrough
Michael E. Debakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA; Baylor College of Medicine, 2002 Holcombe Building, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Sanjay J
SJ
Mathew
Cornell Weill Medical Center, 420 East 70 Street, New York, NY 10021, USA.
Dikoma C
DC
Shungu
D000328:Adult; D059445:Anhedonia; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005221:Fatigue / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009778:Occipital Lobe / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D066244:Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
D005978:Glutathione
Anhedonia; GSH; Glutathione; MRS; Oxidative stress