Toxicity and metabolism of layered double hydroxide intercalated with levodopa in a Parkinson's disease model.
Layered hydroxide nanoparticles are generally biocompatible, and less toxic than most inorganic nanoparticles, making them an acceptable alternative drug delivery system. Due to growing concern over animal welfare and the expense of in vivo experiments both the public and the government are interested to find alternatives to animal testing. The toxicity potential of zinc aluminum layered hydroxide (ZAL) nanocomposite containing anti-Parkinsonian agent may be determined using a PC 12 cell model. ZAL nanocomposite demonstrated a decreased cytotoxic effect when compared to levodopa on PC12 cells with more than 80% cell viability at 100 µg/mL compared to less than 20% cell viability in a direct levodopa exposure. Neither levodopa-loaded nanocomposite nor the un-intercalated nanocomposite disturbed the cytoskeletal structure of the neurogenic cells at their IC50 concentration. Levodopa metabolite (HVA) released from the nanocomposite demonstrated the slow sustained and controlled release character of layered hydroxide nanoparticles unlike the burst uptake and release system shown with pure levodopa treatment.
Laboratory of Vaccine and Immunotherapeutic, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia. aminuukura@yahoo.com.
Aminu Umar
AU
Kura
UPM MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia. aini_aini78@yahoo.com.
Nooraini Mohd
NM
Ain
Materials Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology (ITMA), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia. mzobir@science.upm.edu.my.
Mohd Zobir
MZ
Hussein
Laboratory of Vaccine and Immunotherapeutic, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia. sharida@upm.edu.my.
Sharida
S
Fakurazi
Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia. sameralali72@yahoo.com.
Samer Hasan
SH
Hussein-Al-Ali
D000535:Aluminum / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival; D006719:Homovanillic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D006878:Hydroxides; D007980:Levodopa / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053761:Nanocomposites / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D058726:Nanoconjugates / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016716:PC12 Cells; D020734:Parkinsonian Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*; D051381:Rats; D015032:Zinc / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
D006878:Hydroxides; D058726:Nanoconjugates; D007980:Levodopa; C031356:hydroxide ion; D000535:Aluminum; D015032:Zinc; D006719:Homovanillic Acid