Chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease: a focus on primary care.
The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the United States has increased in the last 20 years. As CKD and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are interrelated, it is important to note that trends in the prevalence of CKD and common risk factors it shares with CVD, such as hypertension and diabetes, are likely to affect the burden of both diseases in the future. While preventing and treating CVD is of high priority in the primary care setting, a major reason why CKD continues to burden the US healthcare system is because it remains under-recognized by primary care physicians and specialists, partly due to a lack of uniform screening recommendations. This paper will review the public health implications of CKD, including its epidemiology and economic burden in the United States, its risk factor commonalities with CVD, current screening recommendations and possible prevention strategies for improvement in the future. Additionally, an emphasis will be made on encouraging primary care physicians to play a more prominent role in CKD screening and primary prevention.
Tarleen K
TK
Singh
Vibhuti
V
Arya
Address: 929 N. Wolfe Street, Unit 1803, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. tsingh@jhsph.edu.
Nishanthika
N
Navaratnarajah
D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017281:Cost of Illness; D006801:Humans; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods; D015995:Prevalence; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D011322:Primary Prevention / Q000379:methods; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology