High mobility group box protein-1 in wound repair.
High-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), a member of highly conserved non-histone DNA binding protein family, has been studied as transcription factor and growth factor. Secreted extracellularly by activated monocytes and macrophages or passively released by necrotic or damaged cells, extracellular HMGB1 is a potent mediator of inflammation. Extracellular HMGB1 has apparently contrasting biological actions: it sustains inflammation (with the possible establishment of autoimmunity or of self-maintaining tissue damage), but it also activates and recruits stem cells, boosting tissue repair. Here, we focus on the role of HMGB1 in physiological and pathological responses, the mechanisms by which it contributes to tissue repair and therapeutic strategies base on targeting HMGB1.
Department of Sciences and Innovative Technology, (DiSIT), University of Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Viale Teresa Michel 11, Alessandria 15121, Italy. ranzato@unipmn.it.
Elia
E
Ranzato
Department of Sciences and Innovative Technology, (DiSIT), University of Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Viale Teresa Michel 11, Alessandria 15121, Italy. simona.martinotti@unipmn.it.
Simona
S
Martinotti
Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES)-Biochemistry Section, Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, Genoa 1-16132, Italy. marco.pedrazzi@unige.it.
Marco
M
Pedrazzi
Department of Sciences and Innovative Technology, (DiSIT), University of Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Viale Teresa Michel 11, Alessandria 15121, Italy. mauro.patrone@unipmn.it.
Mauro
M
Patrone