Acute maduramicin toxicosis in pregnant gilts.
Ionophores are used as feed additives for the control of coccidiosis and growth promotion in farm animals. Reports of maduramicin toxicosis in farm animals are scarce. The present work describes an acute maduramicin toxicosis affecting 22 pregnant gilts, 2 pregnant sows and 2 boars, resulting in a total mortality of 65% within 2days. The clinical and histopathological findings observed shared similar characteristics to acute ionophore toxicosis in pigs, being characterized by severe myodegeneration in skeletal muscle and degenerative changes in the myocardium. Important clinical pathology indices found were elevated levels of CPK and ALT. In contrast to the pregnant gilts, the two pregnant sows completely recovered after 1month and farrowed 2months after the intoxication event healthy piglets. The lack of effect of maduramicin on the fetuses might be indicative of poor placental penetration of maduramicin. Moreover, the present work reports for the first time maduramicin levels in livers (0.5mg/kg) of gilts exposed to lethal concentrations of maduramicin (18.5mg/kg) in the feed. As the average feed intake of the gilts was estimated to be 3.5kg feed/day, the mean maduramicin intake leading to the observed high mortality rate was 0.4mg/kg body weight/day.
Department of Toxicology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, 50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. Electronic address: jakobs@moag.gov.il.
Jakob Avi
JA
Shimshoni
National Residue Control Laboratory, Kimron Veterinary Institute, 50250 Bet Dagan, Israel.
Malka
M
Britzi
National Officer for Swine Diseases, The Veterinary Services, The Ministry of Agriculture, 50250 Bet Dagan, Israel.
Paolo S
PS
Pozzi
Department of Pathology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, 50250 Bet-Dagan, Israel.
Nir
N
Edery
Department of Pathology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, 50250 Bet-Dagan, Israel.
Asaf
A
Berkowitz
Department of Pathology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, 50250 Bet-Dagan, Israel.
Arieli
A
Bouznach
Department of Toxicology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, 50250 Bet Dagan, Israel.
Olga
O
Cuneah
National Residue Control Laboratory, Kimron Veterinary Institute, 50250 Bet Dagan, Israel.
Stefan
S
Soback
Epidemiology Department, The Veterinary Services, The Ministry of Agriculture, 50250 Bet Dagan, Israel.
Michel
M
Bellaiche
Veterinary Breeding Services, 85335 Kibutz Lahav, Israel.
Ahmad
A
Younis
Division of Feed Control, The Veterinary Services, The Ministry of Agriculture, 50250 Bet Dagan, Israel.
Einat
E
Blech
Division of Feed Control, The Veterinary Services, The Ministry of Agriculture, 50250 Bet Dagan, Israel.
Pnina
P
Oren
Israeli Veterinary Services and Animal Health, 50250 Bet Dagan, Israel.
Nadav
N
Galon
Department of Toxicology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, 50250 Bet Dagan, Israel.
Alan
A
Shlosberg
Department of Pathology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, 50250 Bet-Dagan, Israel.
Samuel
S
Perl
D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D002751:Chlortetracycline / Q000032:analysis; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004318:Doxycycline / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D007783:Lactones / Q000633:toxicity*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis; D010118:Oxytetracycline / Q000032:analysis; D010920:Placenta / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D013552:Swine; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D007783:Lactones; C018091:maduramicin; D003404:Creatinine; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D003402:Creatine Kinase; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D004318:Doxycycline; D002751:Chlortetracycline; D010118:Oxytetracycline
Gilts; Maduramicin; Pigs; Toxicosis