25-hydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone levels do not predict changes in carotid arterial stiffness: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the impact of vitamin D and parathyroid hormone (PTH) on longitudinal changes in arterial stiffness.


RESULTS
Distensibility coefficient and Young's elastic modulus of the right common carotid artery were evaluated at baseline and after a mean (SD) of 9.4 (0.5) years in 2580 Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) participants. Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations were evaluated using multivariable linear regression and analysis of covariance. At baseline, participants were 60.1 (9.4) years old (54% female; 26% black, 20% Hispanic, 14% Chinese). Mean annualized 25(OH)D was <20 ng/dL in 816 participants, and PTH was >65 pg/dL in 285 participants. In cross-sectional analyses, low 25(OH)D (<20 ng/mL) was not associated with stiffer arteries after adjustment for cardiovascular disease risk factors (P>0.4). PTH >65 pg/mL was associated with stiffer arteries after adjustment for cardiovascular disease risk factors, other than systolic blood pressure (distensibility coefficient: β=-2.4×10(-4) mm Hg(-1), P=0.003; Young's elastic modulus: β=166 mm Hg, P=0.01); however, after adjustment for systolic blood pressure, these associations no longer were statistically significant. Longitudinal arterial stiffening was associated with older age (P<0.0001), higher systolic blood pressure (P<0.008), and use of antihypertensive medications (P<0.006), but not with 25(OH)D or PTH (both P>0.1).


CONCLUSIONS
Carotid arterial stiffness is not associated with low 25(OH)D concentrations. Cross-sectional associations between arterial stiffness and high PTH were attenuated by systolic blood pressure. After nearly a decade of follow-up, neither baseline PTH nor 25(OH)D concentrations were associated with progression of carotid arterial stiffness.
From the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI (A.D.G., C.E.K., J.H.S.); Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (L.A.C., K.L.); University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle (M.B., I.H.d.B., B.K., D.S.S., J.D.K.); and Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland (M.B.).
Adam D
AD
Gepner
Laura A
LA
Colangelo
Marc
M
Blondon
Claudia E
CE
Korcarz
Ian H
IH
de Boer
Bryan
B
Kestenbaum
David S
DS
Siscovick
Joel D
JD
Kaufman
Kiang
K
Liu
James H
JH
Stein
D001741:Black or African American; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001213:Asian; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology; D017536:Carotid Artery, Common / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D055119:Elastic Modulus; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016014:Linear Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D013599:Systole; D013997:Time Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D059289:Vascular Stiffness; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology; D044465:White People
D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; C470125:PTH protein, human; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D
cardiovascular diseases; carotid arteries; parathyroid hormone; vascular stiffness; vitamin D