Do peat amendments to oil sands wet sediments affect Carex aquatilis biomass for reclamation success?
The oil sands industries of Alberta (Canada) have reclamation objectives to return the mined landscape to equivalent pre-disturbance land capability. Industrial operators are charged with reclaiming a vast landscape of newly exposed sediments on saline-sodic marine-shales sediments. Incorporated in these sediments are by-products resulting from bitumen extraction (consolidated tailings (CT), tailings-sand (TS), and oil sands processed water (OSPW)). A sedge community dominated by Carex aquatilis was identified as a desirable and representative late-succession community for wet-meadow zones of oil sands-created marshes. However, the physical and chemical conditions, including high salinity and low nutrient content of CT and TS sediments suppress plant growth and performance. We experimentally tested the response of C. aquatilis to amendments with peat-mineral-mix (PM) on oil sand sediments (CT and TS). In a two factorial design experiment, we also tested the effects of OSPW on C. aquatilis. We assessed survival, below- and aboveground biomass, and physiology (chlorophyll a fluorescence). We demonstrated that PM amendments to oil sands sediments significantly increased C. aquatilis survival as well as below and aboveground biomass. The use of OSPW significantly reduced C. aquatilis belowground biomass and affected its physiological performance. Due to its tolerance and performance, we verified that C. aquatilis was a good candidate for use in reclaiming the wet-meadow zones of oil sands-created marshes. Ultimately, amending CT and TS with PM expedited the reclamation of the wetland to a C. aquatilis-community which was similar in gross structure to undisturbed wetlands of the region.
Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H1, Canada. Electronic address: roy4@ualberta.ca.
Marie-Claude
MC
Roy
Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H1, Canada; Departamento de Biología Aplicada y Alimentos, FAUBA, C1417DSE Buenos Aires, Argentina. Electronic address: fmollard@agro.uba.ar.
Federico P O
FP
Mollard
Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H1, Canada; Devonian Botanic Garden, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada. Electronic address: leefoote@ualberta.ca.
A Lee
AL
Foote
D000416:Alberta; D018533:Biomass; D031255:Carex Plant / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000378:metabolism; D000077194:Chlorophyll A; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation; D019015:Geologic Sediments; D007220:Industrial Waste; D061329:Oil and Gas Fields; D012987:Soil
D007220:Industrial Waste; D012987:Soil; D002734:Chlorophyll; D000077194:Chlorophyll A
Biomass; Fluorescence; Oil sands wetland reclamation; Peat amendment; Survival; Water sedge