Androgen-independent proliferation of LNCaP prostate cancer cells infected by xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus.
Xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) is a novel gammaretrovirus that was originally isolated from human prostate cancer. It is now believed that XMRV is not the etiologic agent of prostate cancer. An analysis of murine leukemia virus (MLV) infection in various human cell lines revealed that prostate cancer cell lines are preferentially infected by XMRV, and this suggested that XMRV infection may confer some sort of growth advantage to prostate cancer cell lines. To examine this hypothesis, androgen-dependent LNCaP cells were infected with XMRV and tested for changes in certain cell growth properties. We found that XMRV-infected LNCaP cells can proliferate in the absence of the androgen dihydrotestosterone. Moreover, androgen receptor expression is significantly reduced in XMRV-infected LNCaP cells. Such alterations were not observed in uninfected and amphotropic MLV-infected LNCaP cells. This finding explains why prostate cancer cell lines are preferentially infected with XMRV.
Division of Cytokine Signaling, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; Department of AIDS Research, Institute of Tropical Medicine, G-COE, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan.
Katsura
K
Kakoki
Division of Cytokine Signaling, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; Department of AIDS Research, Institute of Tropical Medicine, G-COE, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan.
Haruka
H
Kamiyama
Division of Cytokine Signaling, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan.
Mai
M
Izumida
Division of Cytokine Signaling, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan.
Yuka
Y
Yashima
Division of Cytokine Signaling, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan.
Hideki
H
Hayashi
Department of AIDS Research, Institute of Tropical Medicine, G-COE, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Naoki
N
Yamamoto
Division of Cytokine Signaling, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan.
Toshifumi
T
Matsuyama
Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan.
Tsukasa
T
Igawa
Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan.
Hideki
H
Sakai
Division of Cytokine Signaling, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; Department of AIDS Research, Institute of Tropical Medicine, G-COE, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan. Electronic address: yoshinao@nagasaki-u.ac.jp.
Yoshinao
Y
Kubo
D059002:Androgen Receptor Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000728:Androgens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000813:Anilides / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D013196:Dihydrotestosterone / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009570:Nitriles / Q000494:pharmacology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000821:virology*; D051381:Rats; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects; D014105:Tosyl Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D058008:Xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus / Q000502:physiology*
D059002:Androgen Receptor Antagonists; D000728:Androgens; D000813:Anilides; D009570:Nitriles; D011944:Receptors, Androgen; D014105:Tosyl Compounds; D013196:Dihydrotestosterone; C053541:bicalutamide
Androgen; LNCaP cell; Prostate cancer; XMRV