The use of bottle caps as submerged aerated filter medium.
In this study, a submerged aerated filter (SAF) using bottle caps as a support medium was evaluated. The system was fed with effluent from an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket system at ETE 2-South wastewater treatment plant, under different volumetric organic load rates (VOLRs). The population of a particular nitrifying microbial community was assessed by fluorescent in situ hybridization with specific oligonucleotide probes. The system showed an average removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) equal to 76% for VOLRs between 2.6 and 13.6 kg COD m(-3)_media.day(-1). The process of nitrification in conjunction with the removal of organic matter was observed from applying VOLRs lower than 5.5 kg COD m(-3)_media.day(-1) resulting in 78% conversion of NH4(+)-N. As the applied organic load was reduced, an increase in the nitrifying bacteria population was observed compared with total 4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) stained cells. Generally, SAF using bottle caps as a biological aerated filter medium treating wastewater from an anaerobic system showed promising removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and conversion of NH4(+)-N.
Department of Civil Engineering, Graduate Program in Urban Engineering, State University of Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790-Bloco C67-2° Andar, CEP:87020-900, Maringá-PR, Paraná, Brazil E-mail: srlager@uem.br.
Laurence
L
Damasceno de Oliveira
Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The University of Utah, USA.
Amir Mohaghegh
AM
Motlagh
Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The University of Utah, USA.
Ramesh
R
Goel
Department of Environmental Engineering, Federal Center for Technological Education, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Beatriz
B
de Souza Missagia
Department of Basic Health Science, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
Benício
B
Alves de Abreu Filho
Department of Civil Engineering, Graduate Program in Urban Engineering, State University of Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790-Bloco C67-2° Andar, CEP:87020-900, Maringá-PR, Paraná, Brazil E-mail: srlager@uem.br.
Sandro Rogério
SR
Lautenschlager
D005374:Filtration / Q000295:instrumentation*; D018857:Food Packaging; D058465:Nitrification; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010865:Pilot Projects; D018508:Water Purification / Q000295:instrumentation*
D009930:Organic Chemicals