Minimizing radiation exposure in minimally invasive spine surgery: lessons learned from neuroendovascular surgery.
Radiation use for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes has increased in parallel with advances in minimally invasive spinal techniques and endovascular neurosurgical procedures. This change in the exposure profile of the operator and radiology personnel has raised concerns about radiation side effects and long term complications of radiation exposure. In this review, the current literature regarding risks of radiation exposure and strategies to reduce these risks are summarized. Current standards in radiation risk reduction and specific techniques that can minimize radiation exposure are also discussed.
Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, 633 North St Clair, Suite 1800, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
Najib E
NE
El Tecle
Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, 633 North St Clair, Suite 1800, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
Tarek Y
TY
El Ahmadieh
Department of Radiology, 676 N. St. Clair Street, Suite 800, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
Biraj M
BM
Patel
Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, 633 North St Clair, Suite 1800, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
Rohan R
RR
Lall
Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 North St Clair, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Radiology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 North St Clair, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 North St Clair, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. Electronic address: bbendok@nmff.org.
Bernard R
BR
Bendok
Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 North St Clair, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
Zachary A
ZA
Smith
D057510:Endovascular Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D013131:Spine / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000601:surgery*
As low as reasonably achievable; Minimally invasive spine surgery; Neuroendovascular surgery; Radiation avoidance; Radiation exposure; Spine surgery