Contribution of static and dynamic ultrasound in cubital tunnel syndrome.
BACKGROUND
Electroneuromyography (ENMG) is the gold standard examination in cubital tunnel syndrome (CuTS), but sheds no light on etiology. High-resolution ultrasound (HRU) analyzes the anatomic abnormalities and physical properties of the ulnar nerve (UN) and enables dynamic study. The present non-randomized prospective study compared HRU with clinical, ENMG and intraoperative findings.


METHODS
Sixty patients were included. The McGowan clinical classification as modified by Goldberg was employed, and ENMG lesions were ranked for severity. HRU screened for morphologic abnormalities of the ulnar nerve and cubital tunnel, measuring UN cross-sectional area (UNCSA) and flattening index (FI) in the cubital tunnel, in extension and flexion. UN stability was assessed.


RESULTS
Ultrasound found 2 stenoses, 29 pseudoneuromas 25 dedifferentiations. There were 16 morphologic abnormalities. Mean cubital tunnel UNCSA (in cm(2)) and FI were respectively 0.112 and 1.549 in extension and 0.117 and 1.827 in flexion. Nineteen cases of UN instability were found on HRU, versus 17 intraoperatively. Only 8 patients showed no abnormality on HRU. Pseudoneuroma or dedifferentiation on HRU correlated with clinical stage (P=0.2579 and 0.2615, respectively). Dedifferentiation was associated with severe abnormality on ENMG (P<0.5). Thirty-two stenoses, 18 pseudoneuromas and 10 epitrochlearis anconeus muscles were found intraoperatively, matching HRU abnormalities.


CONCLUSIONS
The present findings were comparable to those of the literature. Cubital tunnel UNCSA was elevated in case of CuTS, with cut-off at 0.112 cm(2). FI was elevated in flexion (P=0.0063). The rate of UN instability was 32%, compared to 21-60% in the literature. HRU findings matched the clinical and ENMG classifications. HRU proved to be an effective diagnostic tool for CuTS and its etiologies.


METHODS
IV.
CHRU, Hôpital Trousseau, Chirurgie Orthopédique et Traumatologique 1, 37044 Tours cedex 1, France.
D
D
Babusiaux
CHRU, Hôpital Trousseau, Chirurgie Orthopédique et Traumatologique 1, 37044 Tours cedex 1, France. Electronic address: j.laulan@chu-tours.fr.
J
J
Laulan
CHRU, Hôpital Trousseau, Radiologie, 37044 Tours cedex 1, France.
L
L
Bouilleau
CHRU, Hôpital Trousseau, Radiologie, 37044 Tours cedex 1, France.
A
A
Martin
Clinique Saint-Léonard, Village Santé Angers Loire, Radiologie, 18, rue de Bellinière, 49800 Trélazé, France.
C
C
Adrien
Clinique Saint-Léonard, Village Santé Angers Loire, Radiologie, 18, rue de Bellinière, 49800 Trélazé, France.
A
A
Aubertin
Centre de la Main, Village Santé Angers Loire, 47, rue de la Foucaudière, 49800 Trélazé, France.
F
F
Rabarin
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D020430:Cubital Tunnel Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D004551:Elbow Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000294:innervation / Q000503:physiopathology; D004576:Electromyography / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014459:Ulnar Nerve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods*
Cubital tunnel syndrome; Ulnar nerve ultrasonography