The history behind the use of injectable poly-L-lactic acid for facial and nonfacial volumization: the positive impact of evolving methodology.
Poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) was first approved for soft tissue augmentation in Europe in 1999 for the cosmetic correction of scars and wrinkles. Due, in part, to inadequate usage recommendations that included those related to product reconstitution and hydration, injection sites, techniques, and timing, and patient selection, PLLA use was initially associated with suboptimal cosmetic benefit and a high rate of specific adverse events, such as the formation of nodules. As clinical experience with PLLA has increased, the implementation of specific methodological changes has allowed greater, more consistent cosmetic effects to be achieved, with a low rate of adverse events. This enhanced PLLA methodology, coupled with an evolving understanding of the interplay between structures in the aging face, now allows predictably favorable results across a broad range of patient types.
Danny
D
Vleggaar
Rebecca
R
Fitzgerald
Z Paul
ZP
Lorenc
D003357:Cosmetic Techniques; D005145:Face; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011091:Polyesters; D011108:Polymers / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000187:drug effects*
D011091:Polyesters; D011108:Polymers; D019344:Lactic Acid; C033616:poly(lactide)