Say "no" to spinal cord injury: is nitric oxide an option for therapeutic strategies?
OBJECTIVE
a literature review was made to investigate the role of nitric oxide (NO) in spinal cord injury, a pathological condition that leads to motor, sensory, and autonomic deficit. Besides, we were interested in potential therapeutic strategies interfering with NO mechanism of secondary damage.


METHODS
A literature search using PubMed Medline database has been performed.


RESULTS
excessive NO production after spinal cord injury promotes oxidative damage perpetuating the injury causing neuronal loss at the injured site and in the surrounding area.


CONCLUSIONS
different therapeutic approaches for contrasting or avoiding NO secondary damage have been studied, these include nitric oxide synthase inhibitors, compounds that interfere with inducible NO synthase expression, and molecules working as antioxidant. Further studies are needed to explain the neuroprotective or cytotoxic role of the different isoforms of NO synthase and the other mediators that take part or influence the NO cascade. In this way, it would be possible to find new therapeutic targets and furthermore to extend the experimentation to humans.
1Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino , Torino , Italy.
Valentina
V
Tardivo
Emanuela
E
Crobeddu
Giulia
G
Pilloni
Marco
M
Fontanella
Giannantonio
G
Spena
Pier Paolo
PP
Panciani
Pedro
P
Berjano
Marco
M
Ajello
Marco
M
Bozzaro
Alessandro
A
Agnoletti
Roberto
R
Altieri
Alessandro
A
Fiumefreddo
Francesco
F
Zenga
Alessandro
A
Ducati
Diego
D
Garbossa
D000818:Animals; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D039781:PubMed / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*
D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
inducible nitric oxide synthase; nitric oxide; spinal cord injury