On the analysis of EEG power, frequency and asymmetry in Parkinson's disease during emotion processing.
OBJECTIVE
While Parkinson's disease (PD) has traditionally been described as a movement disorder, there is growing evidence of disruption in emotion information processing associated with the disease. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there are specific electroencephalographic (EEG) characteristics that discriminate PD patients and normal controls during emotion information processing.


METHODS
EEG recordings from 14 scalp sites were collected from 20 PD patients and 30 age-matched normal controls. Multimodal (audio-visual) stimuli were presented to evoke specific targeted emotional states such as happiness, sadness, fear, anger, surprise and disgust. Absolute and relative power, frequency and asymmetry measures derived from spectrally analyzed EEGs were subjected to repeated ANOVA measures for group comparisons as well as to discriminate function analysis to examine their utility as classification indices. In addition, subjective ratings were obtained for the used emotional stimuli.


RESULTS
Behaviorally, PD patients showed no impairments in emotion recognition as measured by subjective ratings. Compared with normal controls, PD patients evidenced smaller overall relative delta, theta, alpha and beta power, and at bilateral anterior regions smaller absolute theta, alpha, and beta power and higher mean total spectrum frequency across different emotional states. Inter-hemispheric theta, alpha, and beta power asymmetry index differences were noted, with controls exhibiting greater right than left hemisphere activation. Whereas intra-hemispheric alpha power asymmetry reduction was exhibited in patients bilaterally at all regions. Discriminant analysis correctly classified 95.0% of the patients and controls during emotional stimuli.


CONCLUSIONS
These distributed spectral powers in different frequency bands might provide meaningful information about emotional processing in PD patients.
School of Mechatronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau, Malaysia. yuva2257@gmail.com.
Rajamanickam
R
Yuvaraj
Murugappan
M
Murugappan
Norlinah
N
Mohamed Ibrahim
Mohd
M
Iqbal
Kenneth
K
Sundaraj
Khairiyah
K
Mohamad
Ramaswamy
R
Palaniappan
Edgar
E
Mesquita
Marimuthu
M
Satiyan
D000368:Aged; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D005239:Fear / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D021641:Recognition, Psychology / Q000502:physiology