Improvement of hairy root cultures and plants by changing biosynthetic pathways leading to pharmaceutical metabolites: strategies and applications.
A plethora of bioactive plant metabolites has been explored for pharmaceutical, food chemistry and agricultural applications. The chemical synthesis of these structures is often difficult, so plants are favorably used as producers. While whole plants can serve as a source for secondary metabolites and can be also improved by metabolic engineering, more often cell or organ cultures of relevant plant species are of interest. It should be noted that only in few cases the production for commercial application in such cultures has been achieved. Their genetic manipulation is sometimes faster and the production of a specific metabolite is more reliable, because of less environmental influences. In addition, upscaling in bioreactors is nowadays possible for many of these cultures, so some are already used in industry. There are approaches to alter the profile of metabolites not only by using plant genes, but also by using bacterial genes encoding modifying enzymes. Also, strategies to cope with unwanted or even toxic compounds are available. The need for metabolic engineering of plant secondary metabolite pathways is increasing with the rising demand for (novel) compounds with new bioactive properties. Here, we give some examples of recent developments for the metabolic engineering of plants and organ cultures, which can be used in the production of metabolites with interesting properties.
Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für Botanik, 01062 Dresden, Germany. Electronic address: Jutta.Ludwig-Mueller@tu-dresden.de.
Jutta
J
Ludwig-Müller
Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für Botanik, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
Linda
L
Jahn
Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für Botanik, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
Annemarie
A
Lippert
Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für Botanik, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
Joachim
J
Püschel
Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für Botanik, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
Antje
A
Walter
D053898:Biosynthetic Pathways; D055808:Drug Discovery; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000378:metabolism*; D010944:Plants / Q000378:metabolism*; D046509:Tissue Culture Techniques
Astin; Endophytes; Hairy roots; Halogenase; Hypericin; Paclitaxel; Pyrrolizidine alkaloids; Terpene indole alkaloids; α-Tocopherol