Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Clinical manifestations, treatment, and prognosis.
Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus is a rare but potentially fatal condition. Although the pathogenesis of this condition is unknown, high disease activity is the main characteristic; moreover, histopathology in some studies showed alveolar immune complex deposits and capillaritis. Clinical features of DAH include dyspnea, a drop in hemoglobin, and diffuse radiographic alveolar images, with or without hemoptysis. Factors associated with mortality include mechanical ventilation, renal failure, and infections. Bacterial infections have been reported frequently in patients with DAH, but also invasive fungal infections including aspergillosis. DAH treatment is based on high dose methylprednisolone; other accepted therapies include cyclophosphamide (controversial), plasmapheresis, immunoglobulin and rituximab.
Unidad de Investigaciones Reumatológicas, Hospital Central «Dr. Ignacio Morones Prieto», San Luis Potosí, México; Hospital General de Zona N.° 1, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, San Luis Potosí, México. Electronic address: c_abud@hotmail.com.
Marco Ulises
MU
Martínez-Martínez
Unidad de Investigaciones Reumatológicas, Hospital Central «Dr. Ignacio Morones Prieto», San Luis Potosí, México.
Carlos
C
Abud-Mendoza
D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000150:complications*; D011379:Prognosis; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli
Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage; Hemorragia alveolar difusa; Infecciones; Infections; Lupus eritematoso sistémico; Systemic lupus erythematosus