Use of eyeglasses among children in elementary school: perceptions, behaviors, and interventions discussed by parents, school nurses, and teachers during focus groups.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the perceptions, behaviors, and recommendations that parents, school nurses, and teachers have regarding children's use of eyeglasses.


METHODS
Focus groups with parents, school nurses, and teachers were conducted.


METHODS
The study took place in one Southern California school district.


METHODS
There were 39 participants, including 24 parents, seven school nurses, and eight teachers.


METHODS
An experienced moderator guided the focus group discussions. Transcripts were analyzed using grounded theory techniques.


RESULTS
Participants perceive visual impairment as a serious problem in the development of children. The lack of eyeglasses may lead to problems such as tiredness, headaches, inability to focus on school work, and decreased reading speed. Participants experienced disappointment, unhappiness, worry, and concern when they realized they needed eyeglasses at a young age. Negative societal perceptions toward eyeglasses, lack of eye doctors in minority communities, parental perceptions that children do not need eyeglasses, and peer bullying of children wearing eyeglasses are key obstacles to children's use of eyeglasses. Participants suggest school and national campaigns featuring respected public figures who wear eyeglasses to promote positive attitudes toward eyeglasses.


CONCLUSIONS
Parents and teachers who closely follow the academic development of children have observed that visual impairment has negative consequences for the scholastic achievement of children. They recommend interventions to promote the attractiveness of eyeglasses in society. The participants discuss the need for a national preventative message for eye care similar to the message for dental care. The public health message should emphasize the importance of embracing and respecting differences among individuals.
Gergana Damianova
GD
Kodjebacheva
Sally
S
Maliski
Anne L
AL
Coleman
D000124:Achievement; D058445:Bullying; D002140:California; D002648:Child; D003142:Communication; D005139:Eyeglasses / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D010465:Perception; D044469:Racial Groups; D012573:School Nursing; D000070777:School Teachers / Q000523:psychology*; D012574:Schools; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy
Eyeglasses; Focus Groups; Health Promotion; Health focus: intellectual health, medical self-care; Manuscript format: research; Outcome measure: behavioral; Prevention Research; Research purpose: descriptive; Schools; Setting: school; Strategy: education, skill building/behavior change, incentives; Study design: qualitative; Target population age: youth; Target population circumstances: education/income level, geographic location, race/ethnicity