Obesity and dementia: adipokines interact with the brain.
Obesity is a pandemic and a serious global health concern. Obesity is a risk factor for multiple conditions and contributes to multi-morbidities, resulting in increased health costs and millions of deaths each year. Obesity has been associated with changes in brain structure, cognitive deficits, dementia and Alzheimer׳s disease. Adipokines, defined as hormones, cytokines and peptides secreted by adipose tissue, may have more widespread influence and functionality in the brain than previously thought. In this review, six adipokines, and their actions in the obese and non-obese conditions will be discussed. Included are: plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factors alpha (TNF-α), angiotensinogen (AGT), adiponectin and leptin. Their functionality in the periphery, their ability to cross the blood brain barrier (BBB) and their influence on dementia processes within the brain will be discussed.
Department of Anatomy, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein Noord 21, 6525 EZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: Ilse.Arnoldussen@Radboudumc.nl.
Ilse A C
IA
Arnoldussen
Department of Anatomy, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein Noord 21, 6525 EZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: Amanda.Kiliaan@Radboudumc.nl.
Amanda J
AJ
Kiliaan
Department of Neurology, State University of New York-Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Box 1213, Brooklyn, NY11203, USA; UMS 011 Inserm Versailles Saint Quentin, France; Section for Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, NeuroPsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Wallinsgatan 6, 431 41 Gothenburg, Sweden. Electronic address: deborah.gustafson@neuro.gu.se.
Deborah R
DR
Gustafson
D054392:Adipokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000378:metabolism; D000808:Angiotensinogen / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003704:Dementia / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D020738:Leptin / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
D054392:Adipokines; D052242:Adiponectin; D015850:Interleukin-6; D020738:Leptin; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000808:Angiotensinogen
Adipokines; Alzheimer; Brain; Dementia; Leptin; Obesity