Divergent roles of autophagy in virus infection.
Viruses have played an important role in human evolution and have evolved diverse strategies to co-exist with their hosts. As obligate intracellular pathogens, viruses exploit and manipulate different host cell processes, including cellular trafficking, metabolism and immunity-related functions, for their own survival. In this article, we review evidence for how autophagy, a highly conserved cellular degradative pathway, serves either as an antiviral defense mechanism or, alternatively, as a pro-viral process during virus infection. Furthermore, we highlight recent reports concerning the role of selective autophagy in virus infection and how viruses manipulate autophagy to evade lysosomal capture and degradation.
Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 345, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Abhilash_Chiramel@med.uni-heidelberg.de.
Abhilash I
AI
Chiramel
Systems Biology of Cell Death Mechanisms, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Department of Surgery, Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Bioquant, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. n.brady@dkfz.de.
Nathan R
NR
Brady
Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 345, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Ralf_Bartenschlager@med.uni-heidelberg.de.
Ralf
R
Bartenschlager