Quantitative analysis of anions in glycosaminoglycans and application in heparin stability studies.
The sulfo groups of glycosaminoglycans contribute to their high charge densities, and are critical for the role they play in various physiological and pathophysiological processes. Unfortunately, the sulfo groups can be hydrolyzed to inorganic sulfate. Thus, it is important to monitor the presence of these sulfo groups. In addition, free anions, including chloride, sulfate and acetate, are often present in glycosaminoglycans as a result of multiple purification steps, and their presence also needs to be monitored. In this report, ion chromatography with conductivity detection is used to analyze the anions present in glycosaminoglycans, including heparin, heparan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate and dermatan sulfate. This method allows quantitation over a wide range of concentrations, affording a limit of quantitation of 0.1 ppm and a limit of detection of 0.05 ppm for most anions of interest. The stability of heparin was also studied, providing data on the formation of both sulfate and acetate anions.
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China.
Li
L
Liu
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA; Department of Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA.
Robert J
RJ
Linhardt
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China. Electronic address: z_zhang@suda.edu.cn.
Zhenqing
Z
Zhang
D000085:Acetates / Q000032:analysis*; D000838:Anions / Q000032:analysis; D002236:Carbohydrate Conformation; D002712:Chlorides / Q000032:analysis; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004355:Drug Stability; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000737:chemistry*; D006493:Heparin / Q000737:chemistry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D006868:Hydrolysis; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013431:Sulfates / Q000032:analysis*; D013696:Temperature
D000085:Acetates; D000838:Anions; D002712:Chlorides; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; D013431:Sulfates; D006493:Heparin
Anions; Glycosaminoglycans; Heparin stability; High-performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC); Quality; Structure