Visualizing dermal permeation of sodium channel modulators by mass spectrometric imaging.
Determining permeability of a given compound through human skin is a principal challenge owing to the highly complex nature of dermal tissue. We describe the application of an ambient mass spectrometry imaging method for visualizing skin penetration of sodium channel modulators, including novel synthetic analogs of natural neurotoxic alkaloids, topically applied ex vivo to human skin. Our simple and label-free approach enables successful mapping of the transverse and lateral diffusion of small molecules having different physicochemical properties without the need for extensive sample preparation.
Department of Chemistry, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305-5080, United States.
Livia S
LS
Eberlin
John V
JV
Mulcahy
Alexander
A
Tzabazis
Jialing
J
Zhang
Huwei
H
Liu
Matthew M
MM
Logan
Heather J
HJ
Roberts
Gordon K
GK
Lee
David C
DC
Yeomans
Justin
J
Du Bois
Richard N
RN
Zare
D000287:Administration, Topical; D000470:Alkaloids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D010539:Permeability; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism*; D012869:Skin Absorption; D026941:Sodium Channel Blockers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D015222:Sodium Channels / Q000378:metabolism
D000470:Alkaloids; D026941:Sodium Channel Blockers; D015222:Sodium Channels