Enhanced posttransplant management of patients with diabetes improves patient outcomes.
The survival of patients with diabetes mellitus in the general population has improved in recent years. Here we assessed whether similar trends have occurred in 1688 kidney recipients, including 413 with diabetes prior to transplant between 1996 and 2007. Compared to patients without diabetes, the 5-year mortality was significantly increased (hazard ratio (HR) 2.68 (1.95-3.69)) due to higher cardiovascular-, infection-, and malignancy-related deaths in those with diabetes. However, 5-year mortality in patients with diabetes significantly declined over time (HR 0.883 (0.817-0.954)), narrowing the mortality difference between patients with and those without diabetes and in more recent years largely eliminating it. Post transplant, patients with diabetes experienced a significant decline in major fatal/nonfatal cardiac events (HR 0.853 (0.782-0.930)) and infectious deaths over time. In contrast, neither cardiac events nor overall mortality declined in recipients without diabetes. The decline in mortality due to diabetes did not relate to a reduced pretransplant risk profile and was independent of posttransplant variables. The use of cardioprotective medications and glycemic control improved over time post transplant. Furthermore, graft function and serum albumin significantly improved over time and these parameters related to better survival (albumin, HR 0.365 (0.223-0.599); eGFR, HR 0.803 (0.756-0.852)). Thus, survival of kidney recipients with diabetes mellitus has improved markedly since 1996 likely reflecting, at least in part, enhanced posttransplant management and outcomes.
Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Mira T
MT
Keddis
Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Mireille
M
El Ters
Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Emilio
E
Rodrigo
1] Division of Transplantation Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA [2] William von Liebig Transplant Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Patrick
P
Dean
Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Mariana
M
Wohlfahrtova
1] William von Liebig Transplant Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA [2] Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Yogish C
YC
Kudva
Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Elizabeth C
EC
Lorenz
1] Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA [2] William von Liebig Transplant Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Fernando G
FG
Cosio
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000401:mortality*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D007239:Infections / Q000401:mortality*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000401:mortality*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009026:Mortality / Q000639:trends; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality*; D011184:Postoperative Period; D012307:Risk Factors; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000378:metabolism; D015996:Survival Rate
D012709:Serum Albumin