Effects of Fortunella margarita fruit extract on metabolic disorders in high-fat diet-induced obese C57BL/6 mice.
BACKGROUND
Obesity is a nutritional disorder associated with many health problems such as dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. In the present study, we investigated the anti-metabolic disorder effects of kumquat (Fortunella margarita Swingle) fruit extract (FME) on high-fat diet-induced C57BL/6 obese mice.


METHODS
The kumquat fruit was extracted with ethanol and the main flavonoids of this extract were analyzed by HPLC. For the preventive experiment, female C57BL/6 mice were fed with a normal diet (Chow), high-fat diet (HF), and high-fat diet with 1% (w/w) extract of kumquat (HF+FME) for 8 weeks. For the therapeutic experiment, female C57BL/6 mice were fed with high-fat diet for 3 months to induce obesity. Then the obese mice were divided into two groups randomly, and fed with HF or HF+FME for another 2 weeks. Body weight and daily food intake amounts were recorded. Fasting blood glucose, glucose tolerance test, insulin tolerance test, serum and liver lipid levels were assayed and the white adipose tissues were imaged. The gene expression in mice liver and brown adipose tissues were analyzed with a quantitative PCR assay.


RESULTS
In the preventive treatment, FME controlled the body weight gain and the size of white adipocytes, lowered the fasting blood glucose, serum total cholesterol (TC), serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) levels as well as liver lipid contents in high-fat diet-fed C57BL/6 mice. In the therapeutic treatment, FME decreased the serum triglyceride (TG), serum TC, serum LDL-c, fasting blood glucose levels and liver lipid contents, improved glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance. Compared with the HF group, FME significantly increased the mRNA expression of PPARα and its target genes.


CONCLUSIONS
Our study suggests that FME may be a potential dietary supplement for preventing and ameliorating the obesity and obesity-related metabolic disturbances.
College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Drug Discovery Lab, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China.
Si
S
Tan
College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Drug Discovery Lab, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China.
Mingxia
M
Li
College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Drug Discovery Lab, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China.
Xiaobo
X
Ding
Drug Discovery Lab, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Shengjie
S
Fan
Drug Discovery Lab, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Lu
L
Guo
Drug Discovery Lab, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Ming
M
Gu
Drug Discovery Lab, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Yu
Y
Zhang
Drug Discovery Lab, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Li
L
Feng
Citrus Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, China.
Dong
D
Jiang
Drug Discovery Lab, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Yiming
Y
Li
College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China.
Wanpeng
W
Xi
Drug Discovery Lab, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Cheng
C
Huang
College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China.
Zhiqin
Z
Zhou
D000818:Animals; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008820:Mice, Obese; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D027821:Rutaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
D010936:Plant Extracts; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol