Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM affects vitamin E acetate metabolism and intestinal bile acid signature in monocolonized mice.
Monocolonization of germ-free (GF) mice enables the study of specific bacterial species in vivo. Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM(TM) (NCFM) is a probiotic strain; however, many of the mechanisms behind its health-promoting effect remain unknown. Here, we studied the effects of NCFM on the metabolome of jejunum, cecum, and colon of NCFM monocolonized (MC) and GF mice using liquid chromatography coupled to mass-spectrometry (LC-MS). The study adds to existing evidence that NCFM in vivo affects the bile acid signature of mice, in particular by deconjugation. Furthermore, we confirmed that carbohydrate metabolism is affected by NCFM in the mouse intestine as especially the digestion of oligosaccharides (penta- and tetrasaccharides) was increased in MC mice. Additionally, levels of α-tocopherol acetate (vitamin E acetate) were higher in the intestine of GF mice than in MC mice, suggesting that NCFM affects the vitamin E acetate metabolism. NCFM did not digest vitamin E acetate in vitro, suggesting that direct bacterial metabolism was not the cause of the altered metabolome in vivo. Taken together, our results suggest that NCFM affects intestinal carbohydrate metabolism, bile acid metabolism and vitamin E metabolism, although it remains to be investigated whether this effect is unique to NCFM.
National Food Institute; Technical University of Denmark; Søborg, Denmark.
Henrik M
HM
Roager
Liggins Institute; University of Auckland; Auckland, New Zealand; School of Biological Sciences; University of Auckland; Auckland, New Zealand.
Karolina
K
Sulek
National Food Institute; Technical University of Denmark; Søborg, Denmark.
Kasper
K
Skov
National Food Institute; Technical University of Denmark; Søborg, Denmark.
Henrik L
HL
Frandsen
National Food Institute; Technical University of Denmark; Søborg, Denmark.
Jørn
J
Smedsgaard
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; København, Denmark.
Andrea
A
Wilcks
Department of Food Science; Faculty of Science; University of Copenhagen; København, Denmark.
Thomas H
TH
Skov
School of Biological Sciences; University of Auckland; Auckland, New Zealand.
Silas G
SG
Villas-Boas
National Food Institute; Technical University of Denmark; Søborg, Denmark.
Tine R
TR
Licht
D000085:Acetates / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001646:Bile / Q000737:chemistry*; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000032:analysis*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D005856:Germ-Free Life; D007422:Intestines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology*; D007779:Lactobacillus acidophilus / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D055442:Metabolome; D051379:Mice; D019936:Probiotics / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000378:metabolism*
D000085:Acetates; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D014810:Vitamin E
Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM; bile acids; germ-free; metabolomics; probiotics; vitamin E