Actinidia callosa peel (kiwi fruit) ethanol extracts protected neural cells apoptosis induced by methylglyoxal through Nrf2 activation.
BACKGROUND
Methylglyoxal (MG) is a reactive dicarbonyl compound generated as an intermediate of glycolysis during the physical glycation in the diabetic condition. MG itself has been commonly implicated in the development of diabetic neuropathy. Several active compounds in Actinidia callosa have been found to inhibit glycation and MG-protein reaction.


OBJECTIVE
This study investigated the protective effects of A. callosa (kiwi fruits) peel ethanol extracts (ACE) on MG-induced Neuro-2A cell apoptosis.


METHODS
The Neuro-2A cells pre-treated by ACE (50-200 μg/mL) or allyl-isothiocyanate (AITC) (50 μM) for 6 h, in turn, the cells were treated with MG (250 μM) for 24 h.


RESULTS
ACE or AITC treatment markedly inhibited the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the elevation of caspase-3 and capase-9 levels induced by MG in Neuro-2A cells. ACE and AITC elevated Bcl2 and inhibited Bax expressions in MG-induced Neuro-2A cells. ACE elevated Nrf2 transcriptional activity and nuclear translocation in MG-induced Neuro-2A cells. Nrf2 down-stream molecules including HO-1 and GCL were elevated by ACE or AITC treatment in MG-induced Neuro-2A cells. The protective effects of ACE on MG-induced Neuro-2A apoptosis were attenuated while Nrf2 knockdown.


CONCLUSIONS
We established the first evidence that ACE might contribute to the prevention of the development of diabetic neuropathy by blocking the MG-mediated intracellular glycation system.
Department of Food Science, National Chiayi University , Chiayi, Taiwan, ROC.
Chia-Chen
CC
Lee
Bao-Hong
BH
Lee
She-Ching
SC
Wu
D029042:Actinidia / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D051379:Mice; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011765:Pyruvaldehyde / Q000633:toxicity*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
D000975:Antioxidants; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2; C495636:Nfe2l2 protein, mouse; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D000431:Ethanol; D011765:Pyruvaldehyde