Skin-to-skin contact: multicultural perspectives on birth fluids and birth 'dirt'.
OBJECTIVE
To explore the experiences of women from three population groups of immediate skin-to-skin contact (SSC) with their newborn babies.


METHODS
A mixed methods approach was adopted in a phenomenological study to elicit the experiences of English, Pakistani and Bangladeshi women. Audiotaped diaries, semi-structured interviews, photographs and video recordings were employed. Concept mapping was central to data analysis.


RESULTS
This paper reports novel findings that women contextualized and accepted secretions and bodily fluids from birth. This contradicts the beliefs of midwives that Asian women find bodily secretions abhorrent and culturally unacceptable. All participants reported positive experiences of SSC despite varying degrees of soiling from birth fluids.


CONCLUSIONS
The study was conducted in a single setting, and participants may not have been representative of others in their cultural groups. Third-party translation may have added an unsought layer of interpretation. The imposition of cultural expectations by peers in the recruitment process excluded some potential participants.


CONCLUSIONS
Stereotypical assumptions about cultural background often characterize professional responses. When this stereotyping was put aside, women of all three cultures, whether breastfeeding or bottle-feeding, were able to enjoy SSC with their babies.


CONCLUSIONS
The findings suggest that changes will be needed in professional practice to be more open to women's expressed preferences, in local policy to ensure that choices are made clear and are available, and in national strategic direction to ensure widespread adoption of positive practices for opportunities to increase breastfeeding, promote parent-child bonding and support patient choice to be realized.
Antenatal Clinic, Pennine Acute NHS Hospitals Trust, Royal Oldham Hospital, Oldham.
V
V
Finigan
T
T
Long
D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People / Q000208:ethnology; D001294:Attitude to Health; D001459:Bangladesh / Q000208:ethnology; D001826:Body Fluids; D001903:Bottle Feeding / Q000208:ethnology*; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008880:Midwifery / Q000379:methods*; D010154:Pakistan / Q000208:ethnology; D016487:Parenting; D036801:Parturition; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000208:ethnology*; D011181:Postnatal Care / Q000523:psychology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D036301:Qualitative Research; D013240:Stereotyping; D044465:White People / Q000208:ethnology
Breastfeeding Care, Maternity; Family Health; Multicultural Issues, Culture; Parenting, Family Health; Phenomenology, Research; Post-Partum Care