Stem cell imaging: from bench to bedside.
Although cellular therapies hold great promise for the treatment of human disease, results from several initial clinical trials have not shown a level of efficacy required for their use as a first line therapy. Here we discuss how in vivo molecular imaging has helped identify barriers to clinical translation and potential strategies that may contribute to successful transplantation and improved outcomes, with a focus on cardiovascular and neurological diseases. We conclude with a perspective on the future role of molecular imaging in defining safety and efficacy for clinical implementation of stem cell therapies.
Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Patricia K
PK
Nguyen
Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Johannes
J
Riegler
Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Electronic address: joewu@stanford.edu.
Joseph C
JC
Wu
D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D058948:Cell Tracking / Q000379:methods*; D064987:Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy; D006801:Humans; D057054:Molecular Imaging; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*