Limits of Stability and Adaptation to Wearing Rocker Bottom Shoes.
BACKGROUND
Stability and balance are fundamental during static and dynamic activities. The effects of wearing rocker bottom sole (RBS) shoes on the limits of stability (LOS) and adaptation to wearing RBS shoes need to be investigated. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the LOS when wearing RBS shoes, and to evaluate if people improve their stability while wearing RBS shoes over time.


METHODS
Eleven female subjects with no lower extremity impairments participated in the study. The LOS were tested at baseline and weeks 3 and 6 using a Neurocom SMART EquiTest equipment. Center of pressure (CoP) was determined using force plates, and the center of gravity (CoG) position was estimated from the CoP measures and subjects' anthropometry. Subjects performed a series of tasks that involved leaning in different directions so as to move the vertical projection of their CoG. End-point excursions of the CoG floor projection were calculated as a percentage of the distance between the starting position and the target. Considering the body as an inverted pendulum, we recorded the average angular velocity of the inverted pendulum during the movements and quantified directional control as a percentage of movement toward versus away from the target. Shoe types were compared using paired t tests, and sessions were compared using repeated measures ANOVA.


RESULTS
The angular velocities of the inverted pendulum (ie, CoG velocity) were not significantly different between shoe conditions in the front and back directions at baseline (4 ± 3 with RBS vs 5 ± 2 deg/sec with regular shoes, and 4 ± 1 vs 6 ± 4 deg/sec). Front directional control of the CoG was significantly worse with RBS shoes at weeks 3 and 6 ( P < .015). Front end-point excursions were also lower with RBS shoes both at baseline and week 6 ( P < .014). There were no significant changes over time.


CONCLUSIONS
The findings indicate that the LOS were negatively affected by wearing RBS shoes and that people do not improve their stability while wearing these shoes even after a 6-week period of use.


CONCLUSIONS
This study shows that wearing RBS shoes increase instability and the instability remains even after wearing these shoes for six weeks.
1 Department of Physical Therapy, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
Edgar Ramos
ER
Vieira
1 Department of Physical Therapy, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
Gerardo
G
Guerrero
1 Department of Physical Therapy, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
Daniel
D
Holt
1 Department of Physical Therapy, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
Monica
M
Arreaza
1 Department of Physical Therapy, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
Valentina
V
Veroes
1 Department of Physical Therapy, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
Denis
D
Brunt
adaptation; balance; limits of stability; shoes