Hydrothermal carbonization and torrefaction of grape pomace: a comparative evaluation.
Grape pomace was treated by hydrothermal carbonization (sub-critical water, 175-275°C) and torrefaction (nitrogen atmosphere, 250 and 300°C), with mass yield of solid product (char) ranging between 47% and 78%, and energy densification ratio to 1.42-1.15 of the original feedstock. The chars were characterised with respect to their fuel properties, morphological and structural properties and combustion characteristics. The hydrothermal carbonization produced the char with greater energy density than torrefaction. The chars from torrefaction were found to be more aromatic in nature than that from hydrothermal carbonization. Hydrothermal carbonization process produced the char having high combustion reactivity. Most interesting was the finding that aqueous phase from hydrothermal carbonization had antioxidant activity. The results obtained in this study showed that HTC appears to be promising process for a winery waste having high moisture content.
Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
Mehmet
M
Pala
Ataturk Medical Technology Vocational Training School, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
Ismail Cem
IC
Kantarli
Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Fisheries, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
Hasan Baha
HB
Buyukisik
Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey; Ataturk Medical Technology Vocational Training School, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey; Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Fisheries, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey. Electronic address: jale.yanik@ege.edu.tr.
Jale
J
Yanik
D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis; D056804:Biofuels; D002606:Charcoal / Q000737:chemistry*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry*
D000975:Antioxidants; D056804:Biofuels; D002606:Charcoal
Biochar; Hydrochar; Hydrothermal carbonization; Torrefaction