Use and results of consensus definitions in pancreatic surgery: a systematic review.
BACKGROUND
Because of the lack of standardized definitions of complications in gastrointestinal operations, consensus definitions have been developed in recent years. The aim of the current study was to systematically review the available consensus definitions and to report their use, acceptance, and results.


METHODS
A systematic search of the literature was conducted of the Medline, Cochrane, and ISI Web of Science databases. All articles published until August 2011 and that applied the identified consensus definitions were considered. Inclusion criteria for quantitative analysis were studies with correct usage of the definition and 100 or more patients who were treated after the year 2000.


RESULTS
Seven consensus definitions were identified: postoperative pancreatic fistula, postpancreatectomy hemorrhage, delayed gastric emptying, posthepatectomy liver failure, bile leakage after hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery, posthepatectomy hemorrhage, and anastomotic leakage after anterior resection of the rectum. Of 1,637 articles retrieved from the literature search, 59 articles that correctly applied the definitions met the inclusion criteria. Subanalyses were feasible for definitions after pancreatic surgery. According to the consensus definitions, the median complication rates of retrospective studies were 21.9% (postoperative pancreatic fistula, n = 11,244 patients), 5.9% (postpancreatectomy hemorrhage, n = 3,311 patients), and 22.8% (delayed gastric emptying, n = 4,553 patients) after pancreatic resections. The incidences were not substantially different in prospective trials. Validation was performed for all three definitions, demonstrating that the severity grades significantly correlated with the clinical course of the patients.


CONCLUSIONS
The available consensus definitions were increasingly cited and facilitate scientific comparability and transparency if appropriately applied. The present data update the incidences of major pancreatic complications.
Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
Julian C
JC
Harnoss
Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Electronic address: alexis.ulrich@med.uni-heidelberg.de.
Alexis B
AB
Ulrich
Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
Jonathan M
JM
Harnoss
Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
Markus K
MK
Diener
Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
Markus W
MW
Büchler
Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
Thilo
T
Welsch
D006801:Humans; D010180:Pancreatectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009626:Terminology as Topic