Astrocytes, microglia/macrophages, and neurons expressing Toll-like receptor 11 contribute to innate immunity against encephalitic Toxoplasma gondii infection.
Toll-like receptor 11 (TLR11) is a specific receptor for Toxoplasma gondii and uropathogenic Escherichia coli and has recently been identified in the mouse brain. In the present study, TLR11 gene expression was measured in the mouse brain by Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Furthermore, the TLR11 protein expression profile was evaluated in neuroglia and neurons throughout the encephalitic period (10, 20, and 30days after inoculation) in mice with experimentally induced T. gondii infection. In the brains of experimental (n=21) and control (n=7) mice, TLR11, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), cd11b, NeuN, TLR11/GFAP+, TLR11/cd11b+, and TLR11/NeuN+ cells were investigated using either indirect single- or double-labeling immunoperoxidase staining. The results indicated that TLR11 gene expression increased during chronic toxoplasmic encephalitis, and there was a variable degree of TLR11 immunopositivity among cd11b+, GFAP+, and NeuN+ cells in the brain. On the tenth day of infection, there was a significant increase in TLR11 protein and gene expression, which remained stable during the later stages of infection. In this experimental model, TLR11 expression was induced in astrocytes, neurons, and microglia/macrophages during the immune response to T. gondii infection.
Department of Pathology, Kırıkkale University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kırıkkale, Turkey. Electronic address: ht_atmaca@yahoo.com.
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Atmaca
Department of Pathology, Kırıkkale University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kırıkkale, Turkey.
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Kul
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Atatürk University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey.
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Karakuş
Department of Internal Medicine, Ankara University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
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Terzi
Department of Pathology, Kırıkkale University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kırıkkale, Turkey.
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Canpolat
Department of Pathology, Kırıkkale University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kırıkkale, Turkey.
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Anteplioğlu
D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D001921:Brain / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D015870:Gene Expression; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D005911:Gliosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D017628:Microglia / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000378:metabolism*; D014124:Toxoplasmosis, Animal / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D016781:Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology
D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C482903:Tlr11 protein, mouse; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; C528900:glial fibrillary astrocytic protein, mouse
TLR11; Toxoplasma gondii; astrocyte; microglia; neuron