Nocturnal manifestations of atypical parkinsonian disorders.
Although nocturnal disturbances are increasingly recognized as an integral part of the continuum of daytime manifestations of Parkinson's disease (PD), there is still little evidence in the medical literature to support the occurrence of these complex phenomena in patients with atypical parkinsonian disorders (APDs). Based on the anatomical substrates in APDs, which are considered to be more extensive outside the basal ganglia than in PD, we might expect that patients with APDs encounter the whole range of nocturnal disturbances, including motor, sleep disorders, autonomic dysfunctions, and neuropsychiatric manifestations at a similar, or even greater, frequency than in PD. This article is a review of the current literature on the problems at nighttime of patients with progressive supranuclear palsy, multiple system atrophy, corticobasal degeneration, and dementia with Lewy bodies. MEDLINE, life science journals and online books were searched by querying appropriate key words. Reports were included if the studies were related to nocturnal manifestations in APDs. Forty articles fulfilled the selection criteria. Differences between these symptoms in APDs and PD are highlighted, given the evidence available about each manifestation. This analysis of nocturnal manifestations of APDs suggests the need for future studies to address these issues to improve the quality of life not only of patients with APDs but the caregivers who encounter the challenges of supporting these patients on a daily basis.
Chulalongkorn Center of Excellence on Parkinson's Disease & Related Disorders, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, USA.
Roongroj
R
Bhidayasiri
Chulalongkorn Center of Excellence on Parkinson's Disease & Related Disorders, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand.
Onanong
O
Jitkritsadakul
Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche, Sapienza Universitá di Roma, Rome, Italy.
Carlo
C
Colosimo
D001480:Basal Ganglia Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020734:Parkinsonian Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology
Atypical parkinsonian disorders; REM behavioral disorder; corticobasal degeneration; dementia with lewy body; hallucinations; multiple system atrophy; nocturia; nocturnal akinesia; nocturnal manifestations; progressive supranuclear palsy