The value of color Doppler imaging and intralesional steroid injection in pediatric orbital capillary hemangioma.
BACKGROUND
To evaluate color Doppler imaging (CDI) as the primary imaging modality in the diagnosis of pediatric orbital capillary hemangioma.


METHODS
This is a retrospective study of 36 consecutive cases of orbital capillary hemangiomas between January 2006 and July 2011. Data on demographic details, clinical findings, gray-scale ultrasonography, CDI characteristics, treatment, and follow-up period were reviewed.


RESULTS
The mean age of onset was 7 weeks. Twenty-nine (81%) lesions presented as eyelid masses, whereas seven (19%) presented as exophthalmos. Nineteen (53%) tumors were located on the upper eyelid, seven (19%) on the lower eyelid, six (17%) in the medial canthus, and one on both upper and lower eyelids. Ultrasonography depicted a heterogeneous, well-defined, irregular tumor with a low or moderate echogenicity. All lesions presented with abundant color blood flow on CDI. The intralesional blood flow had a mean peak systolic velocity of 37.5 ± 24.5 cm/second, and a mean resistance index of 0.69 ± 0.16, representing a shift in the pulse Doppler toward high velocity and high resistance. After a single intratumoral injection of betamethasone, 18 cases (50%) resolved. Additionally, 15 (42%) and four (11%) cases resolved after two injections and three injections, respectively. Only three (8%) masses persisted after three injections within the follow-up period.


CONCLUSIONS
The blood flow characteristics of CDI play a vital role in the differentiation of orbital capillary hemangiomas from other orbital lesions. The availability and lack of adverse effects of CDI enable its utilization in the early clinical diagnosis of pediatric orbital capillary hemangioma.
Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China. Electronic address: keyifeng2003@163.com.
Yifeng
Y
Ke
Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Clinical College of Ophthalmology Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
Rui
R
Hao
Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China.
Yanjin
Y
He
Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
Eric S
ES
Tam
Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China.
Xiaorong
X
Li
D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D018324:Hemangioma, Capillary / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D015552:Injections, Intralesional; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009918:Orbital Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color
D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones
capillary hemangioma; color Doppler imaging; orbital; pediatric; ultrasonography