Computational neuropsychiatry - schizophrenia as a cognitive brain network disorder.
Computational modeling of functional brain networks in fMRI data has advanced the understanding of higher cognitive function. It is hypothesized that functional networks mediating higher cognitive processes are disrupted in people with schizophrenia. In this article, we review studies that applied measures of functional and effective connectivity to fMRI data during cognitive tasks, in particular working memory fMRI studies. We provide a conceptual summary of the main findings in fMRI data and their relationship with neurotransmitter systems, which are known to be altered in individuals with schizophrenia. We consider possible developments in computational neuropsychiatry, which are likely to further our understanding of how key functional networks are altered in schizophrenia.
Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK.
Maria R
MR
Dauvermann
Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK.
Heather C
HC
Whalley
Department of Psychiatry, University of Basel , Basel , Switzerland ; Medical Image Analysis Center, University Hospital Basel , Basel , Switzerland.
André
A
Schmidt
McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, MA , USA.
Graham L
GL
Lee
Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK.
Liana
L
Romaniuk
Clinical Research Imaging Centre, QMRI, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK.
Neil
N
Roberts
Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK.
Eve C
EC
Johnstone
Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK.
Stephen M
SM
Lawrie
Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK.
Thomas W J
TW
Moorhead
cognition; computational neuropsychiatry; dopamine; dynamic causal modeling; fMRI; glutamate; neurotransmitter; schizophrenia