Temporomandibular disorders and headaches.
Headache and temporomandibular disorders should be treated together but separately. If there is marked limitation of opening, imaging of the joint may be necessary. The treatment should then include education regarding limiting jaw function, appliance therapy, instruction in jaw posture, and stretching exercises, as well as medications to reduce inflammation and relax the muscles. The use of physical therapies, such as spray and stretch and trigger point injections, is helpful if there is myofascial pain. Tricyclic antidepressants and the new-generation antiepileptic drugs are effective in muscle pain conditions. Arthrocentesis and/or arthroscopy may help to restore range of motion.
The Pain Center, 444 South San Vicente #1101, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Section of Oral Medicine and Orofacial Pain, UCLA School of Dentistry, 10833 Leconte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA.
Steven B
SB
Graff-Radford
Columbia University College of Dental Medicine, Division of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, 630 West 168th Street, Vanderbilt Building, 7th Floor, New York, NY 10032, USA. Electronic address: jpb2133@cumc.columbia.edu.
Jennifer P
JP
Bassiur
D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006261:Headache / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*
Bruxism; Migraine; Temporomandibular disorder; Tension-type headache