Hepatitis B and C virus reactivation in immunosuppressed patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
In recent years, a number of case reports and clinical studies have highlighted the risk of hepatitis B and C virus reactivation in patients with inflammatory bowel disease who are treated with immunosuppressive drugs. The cases of viral hepatitis reactivation that have been reported are characterized by a wide range of clinical manifestations, from viremia without clinically relevant manifestations to fulminant life-threatening hepatitis. The development and dissemination of biological immunosuppressive drugs have led to a significant increase in the number of reports of interest to physicians in a variety of clinical settings. On this topic, there have been a number of published guidelines and reviews that have collected the available evidence, providing recommendations on prophylactic and therapeutic strategies and methods for monitoring patients at risk. However, it should be noted that, to date, very few clinical studies have been published, and most of the recommendations have been borrowed from other clinical settings. The published studies are mostly retrospective and are based on very heterogeneous populations, using different therapeutic and prophylactic regimens and obtaining conflicting results. Thus, it seems clear that it is desirable to concentrate our efforts on prospective studies, not conducting further reviews of the literature in the continued absence of new evidence.
Stefano Sansone, Maria Guarino, Fabiana Castiglione, Antonio Rispo, Francesco Auriemma, Ilaria Loperto, Matilde Rea, Nicola Caporaso, Filomena Morisco, Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy.
Stefano
S
Sansone
Stefano Sansone, Maria Guarino, Fabiana Castiglione, Antonio Rispo, Francesco Auriemma, Ilaria Loperto, Matilde Rea, Nicola Caporaso, Filomena Morisco, Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy.
Maria
M
Guarino
Stefano Sansone, Maria Guarino, Fabiana Castiglione, Antonio Rispo, Francesco Auriemma, Ilaria Loperto, Matilde Rea, Nicola Caporaso, Filomena Morisco, Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy.
Fabiana
F
Castiglione
Stefano Sansone, Maria Guarino, Fabiana Castiglione, Antonio Rispo, Francesco Auriemma, Ilaria Loperto, Matilde Rea, Nicola Caporaso, Filomena Morisco, Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy.
Antonio
A
Rispo
Stefano Sansone, Maria Guarino, Fabiana Castiglione, Antonio Rispo, Francesco Auriemma, Ilaria Loperto, Matilde Rea, Nicola Caporaso, Filomena Morisco, Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy.
Francesco
F
Auriemma
Stefano Sansone, Maria Guarino, Fabiana Castiglione, Antonio Rispo, Francesco Auriemma, Ilaria Loperto, Matilde Rea, Nicola Caporaso, Filomena Morisco, Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy.
Ilaria
I
Loperto
Stefano Sansone, Maria Guarino, Fabiana Castiglione, Antonio Rispo, Francesco Auriemma, Ilaria Loperto, Matilde Rea, Nicola Caporaso, Filomena Morisco, Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy.
Matilde
M
Rea
Stefano Sansone, Maria Guarino, Fabiana Castiglione, Antonio Rispo, Francesco Auriemma, Ilaria Loperto, Matilde Rea, Nicola Caporaso, Filomena Morisco, Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy.
Nicola
N
Caporaso
Stefano Sansone, Maria Guarino, Fabiana Castiglione, Antonio Rispo, Francesco Auriemma, Ilaria Loperto, Matilde Rea, Nicola Caporaso, Filomena Morisco, Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy.
Filomena
F
Morisco
D001688:Biological Products / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016174:Hepacivirus; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000150:complications*; D006515:Hepatitis B virus; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000821:virology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012306:Risk; D014775:Virus Activation
D001688:Biological Products; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents
Biological agents; Hepatitis B virus reactivation; Hepatitis C virus reactivation; Inflammatory bowel disease; Prophylaxis