RIG-1 receptor expression in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease.
BACKGROUND
Neuroinflammation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and involves activation of the innate immune response via recognition of diverse stimuli by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). The inflammatory inducers and precise innate signaling pathway contributing to AD pathology remain largely undefined.


RESULTS
In the present study we analyzed expression levels of innate immune proteins in temporal and occipital cortices from preclinical (no cognitive impairment, NCI, N = 22) to mild cognitive impairment (MCI, N = 20) associated with AD pathology (N = 20) and AD patients (N = 23). We found that retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-1) is significantly elevated in the temporal cortex and plasma in patients with MCI. In addition, primary human astrocytes stimulated with the RIG-1 ligand 5'ppp RNA showed increased expression of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and amyloid-β (Aβ), supporting the idea that RIG-1 is involved in the pathology of MCI associated with early progression to AD.


CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest that RIG-1 may play a critical role in incipient AD.
Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA. JdeRivero@med.miami.edu.
Juan Pablo
JP
de Rivero Vaccari
Frank J
FJ
Brand
Christina
C
Sedaghat
Deborah C
DC
Mash
W Dalton
WD
Dietrich
Robert W
RW
Keane
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology*; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor / Q000378:metabolism; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology; D000071457:DEAD Box Protein 58; D053487:DEAD-box RNA Helicases / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D050838:Interferon Regulatory Factor-3 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009778:Occipital Lobe / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000494:pharmacology; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000494:pharmacology; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*
C551867:5'PPP-RNA; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; C494232:IRF3 protein, human; D050838:Interferon Regulatory Factor-3; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D012367:RNA, Viral; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; C532271:amyloid beta-protein (3-42), pyroglutamyl(3)-; C452820:RIGI protein, human; D000071457:DEAD Box Protein 58; D053487:DEAD-box RNA Helicases