Human paraoxonase-1 activity is related to the number of CD4+ T-cells and is restored by antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1-infected individuals.
BACKGROUND
Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activity is suggested to be altered in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1). We investigated PON1 activity in individuals receiving different regimens of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).


METHODS
PON1 activity was evaluated in 91 HIV-1 seronegative and 624 HIV-1 infected individuals (115 were not undergoing therapy (ART-naïve), and 509 were receiving HAART). HIV-1 infected individuals were treated with the following: efavirenz (EFV; n = 195) or nevirapine (NVP; n = 95) or lopinavir/ritonavir (LOP/r; n = 219). Serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), HDL, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) fractions and the atherogenic indices (AI, TC : HDL, and LDL : HDL ratios) were determined.


RESULTS
PON1 activity (U/L) was lower in the ART-naïve group compared with the other groups. PON1 activity correlated with CD4+ T-cell number of ART-naïve group (r = 0,121; P = 0,014). The LOP/r group showed a reduction in HDL and an increase in AI (TC : HDL ratio) in comparison with other groups.


CONCLUSIONS
PON1 activity was reduced in untreated individuals, but not in individuals receiving HAART. PON1 activity correlated with the number of CD4+ T-cells. The findings suggest that the activity of PON1 is associated with the immune status of HIV-1 infected individuals.
Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Hematology (LIM31), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, 05403-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil ; Research Division, Pró-Sangue Hemocentro de São Paulo Foundation, 05403-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Luciana Morganti Ferreira
LM
Maselli
Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Hematology (LIM31), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, 05403-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil ; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
Joel
J
da Cunha
Clinics of Parasitic and Infectious Diseases, Hospital and Clinics of the University of São Paulo School of Medicine, 05403-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Eliana Battaggia
EB
Gutierrez
Lipid Metabolism Laboratory, Heart Institute, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, 05403-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Raul Cavalcante
RC
Maranhão
Department of Clinical Laboratory, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
Celso
C
Spada
Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Hematology (LIM31), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, 05403-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Sérgio Paulo
SP
Bydlowski
D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase / Q000097:blood*; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000276:immunology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase; C468406:PON1 protein, human