Sample processing, protocol, and statistical analysis of the time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) of protein, cell, and tissue samples.
Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) is increasingly being used in analysis of biological samples. For example, it has been applied to distinguish healthy and osteoarthritic human cartilage. This chapter discusses ToF-SIMS principle and instrumentation including the three modes of analysis in ToF-SIMS. ToF-SIMS sets certain requirements for the samples to be analyzed; for example, the samples have to be vacuum compatible. Accordingly, sample processing steps for different biological samples, i.e., proteins, cells, frozen and paraffin-embedded tissues and extracellular matrix for the ToF-SIMS are presented. Multivariate analysis of the ToF-SIMS data and the necessary data preprocessing steps (peak selection, data normalization, mean-centering, and scaling and transformation) are discussed in this chapter.
Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, Biomedicum 1, P.O. Box 700, 00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland.
Goncalo
G
Barreto
Antti
A
Soininen
Tarvo
T
Sillat
Yrjö T
YT
Konttinen
Emilia
E
Kaivosoja
D000818:Animals; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D005629:Frozen Sections; D006801:Humans; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016612:Paraffin Embedding; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D018629:Spectrometry, Mass, Secondary Ion / Q000379:methods*; D016707:Tissue Fixation
D011506:Proteins