Caloric beverage drinking patterns are differentially associated with diet quality and adiposity among Spanish girls and boys.
The present study assesses the impact of beverage consumption pattern on diet quality and anthropometric proxy measures for abdominal adiposity in Spanish adolescents. Data were obtained from a representative national sample of 1,149 Spanish adolescents aged 10-18 years. Height, weight, and waist circumferences were measured. Dietary assessment was performed with a 24-h recall. Beverage patterns were identified by cluster analysis. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was measured by the KIDMED index. Three beverage clusters were identified for boys--"whole milk" (62.5 %), "low-fat milk" (17.5 %) and "soft drinks" (20.1 %)-and for girls--"whole milk" (57.8 %), "low-fat milk" (20.8 %) and juice (21.4 %), accounting for 8.3, 9.6, 13.9, 8.6, 11.5 and 12.9 % of total energy intake, respectively. Each unit of increase in the KIDMED index was associated with a 14.0 % higher (p = 0.004) and 11.0 % lower (p = 0.048) probability of membership in the "low-fat milk" and "soft drinks" cluster in girls and boys, respectively, compared with the "whole milk" cluster. Boys in the "soft drinks" cluster had a higher risk of 1-unit increase in BMI z score (29.0 %, p = 0.040), 1-cm increase in waist circumference regressed on height and age (3.0 %, p = 0.027) and 0.1-unit increase in waist/height ratio (21.4 %, p = 0.031) compared with the "whole milk" cluster.


CONCLUSIONS
A caloric beverage pattern dominated by intake of "soft drinks" is related to general and abdominal adiposity and diet quality in Spanish male adolescents.
Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (CARIN), REGICOR Study Group, Research Programme in Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Disorders (RICAD), IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain, hschroeder@imim.es.
Helmut
H
Schröder
Michelle A
MA
Mendez
Lourdes
L
Ribas
Anna N
AN
Funtikova
Santiago F
SF
Gomez
Montserrat
M
Fíto
Javier
J
Aranceta
Lluis
L
Serra-Majem
D000293:Adolescent; D000818:Animals; D001628:Beverages / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001827:Body Height; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D002253:Carbonated Beverages / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003611:Dairy Products / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D038441:Diet, Mediterranean / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D061215:Energy Drinks / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008432:Mathematical Computing; D009043:Motor Activity; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055105:Waist Circumference