Depression and psychological trauma: an overview integrating current research and specific evidence of studies in the treatment of depression in public mental health services in chile.
In the last two decades, different research has demonstrated the high prevalence of childhood trauma, including sexual abuse, among depressive women. These findings are associated with a complex, severe, and chronic psychopathology. This can be explained considering the neurobiological changes secondary to early trauma that can provoke a neuroendocrine failure to compensate in response to challenge. It suggests the existence of a distinguishable clinical-neurobiological subtype of depression as a function of childhood trauma that requires specific treatments. Among women with depression and early trauma receiving treatment in a public mental health service in Chile, it was demonstrated that a brief outpatient intervention (that screened for and focused on childhood trauma and helped patients to understand current psychosocial difficulties as a repetition of past trauma) was effective in reducing psychiatric symptoms and improving interpersonal relationships. However, in this population, this intervention did not prevent posttraumatic stress disorder secondary to the extreme earthquake that occurred in February 2010. Therefore in adults with depression and early trauma, it is necessary to evaluate prolonged multimodal treatments that integrate pharmacotherapy, social support, and interpersonal psychotherapies with trauma focused interventions (specific interventions for specific traumas).
Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, Universidad de Talca, Chile ; Mental Unit Hospital de Curicó, Curicó, Chile.
Verónica
V
Vitriol
Communal Mental Health Program, Communal Health Department of Curicó, Chile ; Mental Health Formative Practices, Medical School, Universidad de Talca, Chile.
Alfredo
A
Cancino
Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago de Chile, Chile.
Kristina
K
Weil
Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Talca, Chile ; Mental Health Unit, Hospital de Talca, Chile.
Carolina
C
Salgado
Mental Health Unit, CESFAM Curicó-Centro, Curicó, Chile.
Maria Andrea
MA
Asenjo
Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Talca, Chile ; Mental Health Unit, Hospital de Talca, Chile.
Soledad
S
Potthoff