Regional variation in the correlation of antibody and T-cell responses to Trypanosoma cruzi.
Chagas disease, caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Central and South America. Geographic variations in the sensitivity of serologic diagnostic assays to T. cruzi may reflect differences in T. cruzi exposure. We measured parasite-specific T-cell responses among seropositive individuals in two populations from South America with widely varying antibody titers against T. cruzi. Antibody titers among seropositive individuals were significantly lower in Arequipa, Peru compared with Santa Cruz, Bolivia. Similarly, the proportion of seropositive individuals with positive T-cell responses was lower in Peru than Bolivia, resulting in overall lower frequencies of interferon-γ (IFNγ)-secreting cells from Peruvian samples. However, the magnitude of the IFNγ response was similar among the IFNγ responders in both locations. These data indicate that immunological discrepancies based on geographic region are reflected in T-cell responses as well as antibody responses.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Hospital Universitario Japones, Santa Cruz, Bolivia; Asociación Benéfica PRISMA, Lima, Peru; Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Arequipa Ministry of Health, Arequipa, Peru; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú hzx3@cdc.gov.
Diana L
DL
Martin
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Hospital Universitario Japones, Santa Cruz, Bolivia; Asociación Benéfica PRISMA, Lima, Peru; Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Arequipa Ministry of Health, Arequipa, Peru; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
Morgan
M
Marks
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Hospital Universitario Japones, Santa Cruz, Bolivia; Asociación Benéfica PRISMA, Lima, Peru; Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Arequipa Ministry of Health, Arequipa, Peru; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
Gerson
G
Galdos-Cardenas
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Hospital Universitario Japones, Santa Cruz, Bolivia; Asociación Benéfica PRISMA, Lima, Peru; Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Arequipa Ministry of Health, Arequipa, Peru; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
Robert H
RH
Gilman
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Hospital Universitario Japones, Santa Cruz, Bolivia; Asociación Benéfica PRISMA, Lima, Peru; Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Arequipa Ministry of Health, Arequipa, Peru; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
Brook
B
Goodhew
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Hospital Universitario Japones, Santa Cruz, Bolivia; Asociación Benéfica PRISMA, Lima, Peru; Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Arequipa Ministry of Health, Arequipa, Peru; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
Lisbeth
L
Ferrufino
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Hospital Universitario Japones, Santa Cruz, Bolivia; Asociación Benéfica PRISMA, Lima, Peru; Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Arequipa Ministry of Health, Arequipa, Peru; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
Anthony
A
Halperin
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Hospital Universitario Japones, Santa Cruz, Bolivia; Asociación Benéfica PRISMA, Lima, Peru; Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Arequipa Ministry of Health, Arequipa, Peru; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
Gerardo
G
Sanchez
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Hospital Universitario Japones, Santa Cruz, Bolivia; Asociación Benéfica PRISMA, Lima, Peru; Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Arequipa Ministry of Health, Arequipa, Peru; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
Manuela
M
Verastegui
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Hospital Universitario Japones, Santa Cruz, Bolivia; Asociación Benéfica PRISMA, Lima, Peru; Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Arequipa Ministry of Health, Arequipa, Peru; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
Patricia
P
Escalante
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Hospital Universitario Japones, Santa Cruz, Bolivia; Asociación Benéfica PRISMA, Lima, Peru; Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Arequipa Ministry of Health, Arequipa, Peru; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
Cesar
C
Naquira
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Hospital Universitario Japones, Santa Cruz, Bolivia; Asociación Benéfica PRISMA, Lima, Peru; Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Arequipa Ministry of Health, Arequipa, Peru; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
Michael Z
MZ
Levy
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Hospital Universitario Japones, Santa Cruz, Bolivia; Asociación Benéfica PRISMA, Lima, Peru; Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Arequipa Ministry of Health, Arequipa, Peru; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
Caryn
C
Bern
D000328:Adult; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000097:blood*; D001838:Bolivia; D014355:Chagas Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D005843:Geography; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010568:Peru; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012698:Serologic Tests; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D014349:Trypanosoma cruzi / Q000276:immunology*
D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan; D007371:Interferon-gamma