[Pathophysiology of myopia: nature versus nurture].
Myopia is the most frequent refractive disorder in the world. It has become a real Public Health problem, due to its frequency and to high myopia-related blinding complications. Myopic progression depends on genetic and environmental factors. Genetic studies have identified more than forty candidate genes that take part in pathophysiological pathways, from retinal phototransduction to axial lengthening via scleral remodelling. Environmental factors also influence scleral remodelling by way of visual perception. In the case of predominant attention to near tasks, a physiological feedback loop leads to axial growth. This phenomenon, called active emmetropization, is particularly obvious in animal models and in some human populations. To date, research has failed to identify a molecule common to all the implicated metabolic pathways which could be a target for an effective preventive treatment against myopic progression.
Département d'ophtalmologie, pavillon Dieulafoy, hôpital Purpan, CHU de Toulouse, place Docteur-Baylac, 31059 Toulouse cedex, France; Centre de la rétine, hôpital Paule-de-Viguier, CHU de Toulouse, 330, avenue de Grande-Bretagne, TSA 70034, 31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France.
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Cassagne
Département d'ophtalmologie, pavillon Dieulafoy, hôpital Purpan, CHU de Toulouse, place Docteur-Baylac, 31059 Toulouse cedex, France; Centre de la rétine, hôpital Paule-de-Viguier, CHU de Toulouse, 330, avenue de Grande-Bretagne, TSA 70034, 31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France; Laboratoire GRD2E, Inserm UMRS1043, centre de physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, BP 3028, 31024 Toulouse cedex 03, France.
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Malecaze
Centre de la rétine, hôpital Paule-de-Viguier, CHU de Toulouse, 330, avenue de Grande-Bretagne, TSA 70034, 31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France; Laboratoire GRD2E, Inserm UMRS1043, centre de physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, BP 3028, 31024 Toulouse cedex 03, France. Electronic address: vincesoler@yahoo.fr.
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Soler
D016022:Case-Control Studies; D058453:Emmetropia / Q000235:genetics; D004777:Environment; D005190:Family; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D009216:Myopia / Q000209:etiology*; D018433:Twin Studies as Topic; D014785:Vision, Ocular / Q000235:genetics
Active emmetropization; Animal model; Emmétropisation active; Environment; Environnement; Genetics; Génétique; Modèle animal; Myopia; Myopie; Sclera; Sclère