Aspirin and other NSAIDs as chemoprevention agents in melanoma.
Melanoma incidence is increasing and, despite recent therapeutic advances, the prognosis for patients with metastatic disease remains poor. Thus, early detection and chemoprevention are promising strategies for improving patient outcomes. Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) have demonstrated chemoprotective activity in several other cancers, and have been proposed as chemopreventive agents for melanoma. Throughout the last decade, however, a number of case-control, prospective, and interventional studies of NSAIDs and melanoma risk have yielded conflicting results. These inconsistent findings have led to uncertainty about the clinical utility of NSAIDs for melanoma chemoprevention. This mini-review highlights current knowledge of NSAID mechanisms of action and rationale for use in melanoma, provides a comparative review of outcomes and limitations of prior studies, and discusses the future challenges in demonstrating that these drugs are effective agents for mitigating melanoma risk.
Authors' Affiliations: Huntsman Cancer Institute; Departments of Dermatology and Oncological Sciences, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.
James R
JR
Goodman
Authors' Affiliations: Huntsman Cancer Institute; Departments of Dermatology and Oncological Sciences, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UtahAuthors' Affiliations: Huntsman Cancer Institute; Departments of Dermatology and Oncological Sciences, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UtahAuthors' Affiliations: Huntsman Cancer Institute; Departments of Dermatology and Oncological Sciences, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah doug.grossman@hci.utah.edu.
Douglas
D
Grossman
D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001241:Aspirin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018890:Chemoprevention / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008545:Melanoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*
D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D001241:Aspirin