Reconstruction of historical atmospheric Pb using Dutch urban lake sediments: a Pb isotope study.
Lake sediments provide a record of atmospheric Pb deposition and changes in Pb isotope composition. To our knowledge, such an approach has not previously been performed in The Netherlands or linked to national air monitoring data. Results are presented for Pb content and isotope composition of (137)Cs dated lake sediments from 2 Dutch urban lakes. Between 1942 and 2002A.D. anthropogenic atmospheric Pb deposition rates in the two lakes varied from 12±2 to 69±16μgcm(-2)year(-1). The rise and fall of leaded gasoline is clearly reflected in the reconstructed atmospheric Pb deposition rates. After the ban on leaded gasoline, late 1970s/early 1980s, atmospheric Pb deposition rates decreased rapidly in the two urban lakes and the relative contributions of other anthropogenic Pb sources - incinerator ash (industrial Pb) and coal/galena - increased sharply. Atmospheric Pb deposition rates inferred from the lake record a clear relationship with nearby measured annual mean air Pb concentrations. Based on this relationship it was estimated that air Pb concentrations between 1942 and 2002A.D. varied between 5 and 293ng/m(3).
GeoConnect, Meester Dekkerstraat 4, 1901 PV Castricum, The Netherlands. Electronic address: n.walraven@geoconnect.nl.
N
N
Walraven
Rijksdienst voor Archeologie, Cultuurlandschap en Monumenten, P.O. Box 1600, 3800 BP Amersfoort, The Netherlands. Electronic address: b.vanos@rce.nl.
B J H
BJ
van Os
BRGM, 3 avenue Claude-Guillemin, BP 36009, 45060 Orléans Cedex 2, France. Electronic address: g.klaver@brgm.nl.
G Th
GT
Klaver
University Utrecht, Faculty of Geosciences, P.O. Box 80021, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands. Electronic address: j.b.m.middelburg@uu.nl.
J J
JJ
Middelburg
VU University Amsterdam, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Petrology, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: g.r.davies@vu.nl.
G R
GR
Davies
D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001272:Atmosphere / Q000737:chemistry; D003031:Coal; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry*; D007221:Industry; D007554:Isotopes; D060106:Lakes / Q000737:chemistry; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis*; D009426:Netherlands; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D014877:Water Pollution, Chemical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
D000393:Air Pollutants; D003031:Coal; D007554:Isotopes; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D007854:Lead
Atmospheric; Deposition; Isotopes; Lake; Lead; Sediment