Inter-compartmental transport of organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticides in South China: implications for a regional risk assessment.
The dynamic flux of an organophosphate and four pyrethroid pesticides was determined in an air-(soil)-water-sediment system based on monitoring data from Guangzhou, China. The total air-water flux, including air-water gaseous exchange and atmospheric deposition, showed deposition from air to water for chlorpyrifos, bifenthrin and cypermethrin, but volatilization for lambda-cyhalothrin and permethrin. The transport of the pesticides from overlying water to sediment suggested that sediment acted as a sink for the pesticides. Additionally, distinct annual atmospheric depositional fluxes between legacy and current-use pesticides suggested the role of consumer usage in their transport throughout the system. Finally, pesticide toxicity was estimated from annual air-water-sediment flux within an urban stream in Guangzhou. A dynamic flux-based risk assessment indicated that inter-compartmental transport of chlorpyrifos decreased its atmospheric exposure, but had little influence on its aquatic toxicity. Instead, water-to-sediment transport of pyrethroids increased their sediment toxicity, which was supported by previously reported toxicity data.
State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Huizhen
H
Li
State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Yanli
Y
Wei
Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences and Department of Zoology, 171 Life Science II, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, United States.
Michael J
MJ
Lydy
State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China. Electronic address: youjing@gig.ac.cn.
Jing
J
You
D002681:China; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry; D009570:Nitriles / Q000032:analysis; D010755:Organophosphates / Q000032:analysis*; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis*; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000032:analysis*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
D009570:Nitriles; D010755:Organophosphates; D010575:Pesticides; D011722:Pyrethrins; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C017160:cypermethrin; C099952:bifenthrin; C037304:cyhalothrin
Air-(soil)-water-sediment; Chlorpyrifos; Dynamic fluxes; Pyrethroids; Regional risk assessment