Interleukin-33 and inflammatory bowel diseases: lessons from human studies.
Interleukin- (IL-) 33 is a widely expressed cytokine present in different cell types, such as epithelial, mesenchymal, and inflammatory cells, supporting a predominant role in innate immunity. IL-33 can function as a proinflammatory cytokine inducing Th2 type of immune response being involved with the defense against parasitic infections of the gastrointestinal tract. In addition, it has been proposed that IL-33 can act as a signaling molecule alerting the immune system of danger or tissue damage. Recently, in the intestinal mucosa, overexpression of IL-33 has been reported in samples from patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). This review highlights the available data regarding IL-33 in human IBD and discusses emerging roles for IL-33 as a key modulator of intestinal inflammation.
Nutrition and Immunology Chair, Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences (ZIEL), Technische Universität München, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 2, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.
Tiago
0000-0003-2134-4171
T
Nunes
Serviço de Gastroenterologia & Laboratório Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa, Hospital Universitario, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco 255, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-913 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Claudio
0000-0003-4774-902X
C
Bernardazzi
Serviço de Gastroenterologia & Laboratório Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa, Hospital Universitario, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco 255, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-913 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil ; D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rua Diniz Cordeiro 30, Botafogo, 22281-100 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Heitor S
0000-0002-3647-7324
HS
de Souza
D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000067596:Interleukin-33; D007378:Interleukins / Q000378:metabolism*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D015398:Signal Transduction; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000166:cytology
D016207:Cytokines; C506536:IL33 protein, human; D000067596:Interleukin-33; D007378:Interleukins