Phloroglucinol inhibits ultraviolet B radiation-induced oxidative stress in the mouse skin.
OBJECTIVE
Previously we demonstrated that phloroglucinol (1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene) protected human HaCaT keratinocytes against ultraviolet B (UVB, 280-320 nm)-induced oxidative stress in vitro by scavenging intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). The current study investigated whether phloroglucinol could similarly protect the mouse skin against UVB-induced oxidative tissue damage in vivo.


METHODS
Male 7-week-old Balb/c mice were divided into the following untreated normal control, phloroglucinol only-treated, vehicle plus UVB (30 or 60 mJ/cm(2))-exposed, and phloroglucinol (10 or 50 mg/ml) plus UVB (30 or 60 mJ/cm(2))-treated groups. Following UVB exposure, phloroglucinol or phosphate buffered saline vehicle was applied to the dorsal skin of each mouse daily for 3 days. Studies were conducted at 24 h after the last of the UVB exposures. Histopathological analyses of dorsal skin lesions were performed on all mice. In addition, the levels of UVB-provoked injury to cellular components, including DNA, proteins, and lipids were detected by levels of 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG), protein carbonyls, and 8-isoprostane. Apoptosis were assessed by using western blot for B-cell lymphoma-2-associated X protein (Bax) and activated caspase-3 expression, by using immunohistochemistry.


RESULTS
UVB radiation increased the thickness of the epidermis and the dermis, and also stimulated the accumulation of mast cells in the irradiated skin. However, treatment with phloroglucinol significantly decreased all of these parameters. Furthermore, phloroglucinol decreased UVB-provoked injury to cellular components, including DNA, proteins, and lipids; down-regulated the expression of phospho-histone H2A.X in the injured skin; and reduced the UVB-generated levels of 8-oxoG, protein carbonyls, and 8-isoprostane, which are all markers of oxidative stress. In addition, phloroglucinol attenuated the UVB-induced expression of the pro-apoptotic proteins, Bax protein, and activated caspase-3.


CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that phloroglucinol safeguards the mouse skin against UVB-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis.
School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology , Jeju, 690-756 , Korea.
Mei Jing
MJ
Piao
Mee Jung
MJ
Ahn
Kyoung Ah
KA
Kang
Ki Cheon
KC
Kim
Jian
J
Zheng
Cheng Wen
CW
Yao
Ji Won
JW
Cha
Chang Lim
CL
Hyun
Hee Kyoung
HK
Kang
Nam Ho
NH
Lee
Jin Won
JW
Hyun
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000528:radiation effects*; D010696:Phloroglucinol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011836:Radiation Tolerance; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011855:Radiodermatitis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D012867:Skin; D012879:Skin Physiological Phenomena / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D010696:Phloroglucinol
Phloroglucinol; apoptosis; oxidative stress; skin tissue; ultraviolet B