Anterograde and retrograde regulation of nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial proteins during growth, development, and stress.
Mitochondrial biogenesis and function in plants require the expression of over 1000 nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial proteins (NGEMPs). The expression of these genes is regulated by tissue-specific, developmental, internal, and external stimuli that result in a dynamic organelle involved in both metabolic and a variety of signaling processes. Although the metabolic and biosynthetic machinery of mitochondria is relatively well understood, the factors that regulate these processes and the various signaling pathways involved are only beginning to be identified at a molecular level. The molecular components of anterograde (nuclear to mitochondrial) and retrograde (mitochondrial to nuclear) signaling pathways that regulate the expression of NGEMPs interact with chloroplast-, growth-, and stress-signaling pathways in the cell at a variety of levels, with common components involved in transmission and execution of these signals. This positions mitochondria as important hubs for signaling in the cell, not only in direct signaling of mitochondrial function per se, but also in sensing and/or integrating a variety of other internal and external signals. This integrates and optimizes growth with energy metabolism and stress responses, which is required in both photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic cells.
ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Australia Joint Research Laboratory in Genomics and Nutriomics, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China.
Sophia
S
Ng
Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, and Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Gent, Belgium.
Inge
I
De Clercq
ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Australia.
Olivier
O
Van Aken
Department of Botany, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Life Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, Victoria, Australia.
Simon R
SR
Law
Department of Botany, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Life Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, Victoria, Australia.
Aneta
A
Ivanova
Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, and Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Gent, Belgium Department of Medical Protein Research and Department of Biochemistry, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
Patrick
P
Willems
ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Australia Present address: Illumina, ANZ, 1 International Court, Scoresby Victoria 3179, Australia.
Estelle
E
Giraud
Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, and Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Gent, Belgium.
Frank
F
Van Breusegem
Department of Botany, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Life Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, Victoria, Australia J.Whelan@LaTrobe.edu.au.
James
J
Whelan
D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000235:genetics*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D063245:Plant Development / Q000235:genetics*; D010944:Plants / Q000235:genetics*; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000235:genetics*
D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins
mitochondria; mitochondrial retrograde regulation (MRR); organellar crosstalk; signaling.