A new mosaic pattern in glioma vascularization: exogenous endothelial progenitor cells integrating into the vessels containing tumor-derived endothelial cells.
Emerging evidence suggests that glioma stem-like cells (GSCs) transdifferentiating into vascular endothelial cells (ECs) possibly contributes to tumor resistance to antiangiogenic therapy. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), showing active migration and incorporation into neovasculature of glioma, may be a good vehicle for delivering genes to target GSCs transdifferentiation. Here, we found a new mosaic pattern that exogenous EPCs integrated into the vessels containing the tumor-derived ECs in C6 glioma rat model. Further, we evaluated the effect of these homing EPCs on C6 glioma cells transdifferentiation. The transdifferentiation frequency of C6 glioma cells and the expressions of key factors on GSCs transdifferentiation, i.e. HIF-1α, Notch1, and Flk1 in gliomas with or without EPCs transplantation showed no significant difference. Additionally, magnetic resonance imaging could track the migration and incorporation of EPCs into glioma in vivo, which was confirmed by Prussian blue staining. The number of magnetically labeled EPCs estimated from T2 maps correlated well with direct measurements of labeled cell counts by flow cytometry. Taken together, our findings may provide a rational base for the future application of EPCs as a therapeutic and imaging probe to overcome antiangiogenic resistance for glioma and monitor the efficacy of this treatment.
Department of Radiology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
Xiao
X
Chen
Jingqin
J
Fang
Shunan
S
Wang
Heng
H
Liu
Xuesong
X
Du
Jinhua
J
Chen
Xue
X
Li
Yizeng
Y
Yang
Bo
B
Zhang
Weiguo
W
Zhang
D000818:Animals; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000648:ultrastructure; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement; D058948:Cell Tracking; D054338:Cell Transdifferentiation; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D066026:Endothelial Progenitor Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D005910:Glioma / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000378:metabolism; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000473:pathology* / Q000502:physiology; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D051881:Receptor, Notch1 / Q000378:metabolism; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 / Q000378:metabolism
C497444:Hif1a protein, rat; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D051881:Receptor, Notch1; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2