H7N9: a low pathogenic avian influenza A virus infecting humans.
Human infections by the newly reassorted avian influenza A (H7N9) virus were reported for the first time in early 2013, and the virus was confirmed to be a low pathogenic avian influenza virus in poultry. Because continuously reported cases have been increasing since the summer of 2013, this novel virus poses a potential threat to public health in China and is attracting broad attention worldwide. In this review, we summarize and discuss the characteristics of the H7N9 virus revealed by the recent timely studies from the perspectives of epidemiology, host preference, clinical manifestations, immunopathogenesis, drug resistance, vaccine development, and burden of disease. This knowledge about the novel avian-origin H7N9 virus will provide a useful reference for clinical interventions of human infections and help to rapidly pave the way to develop an efficient and safe vaccine.
National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China. Electronic address: liuj333@gmail.com.
Jun
J
Liu
Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Vaccines, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China.
Haixia
H
Xiao
CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
Yan
Y
Wu
CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
Di
D
Liu
National Center for Public Health Surveillance and Information Services, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
Xiaopeng
X
Qi
Research Network of Immunity and Health, Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
Yi
Y
Shi
National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Research Network of Immunity and Health, Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Office of Director-General, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China. Electronic address: gaofu@chinacdc.cn.
George F
GF
Gao
D000818:Animals; D002681:China; D006801:Humans; D064766:Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000821:virology*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology*; D011200:Poultry
D007252:Influenza Vaccines