Prevalence of obesity was related to HLA-DQ in 2-4-year-old children at genetic risk for type 1 diabetes.
OBJECTIVE
Body size is postulated to modulate type 1 diabetes as either a trigger of islet autoimmunity or an accelerator to clinical onset after seroconversion. As overweight and obesity continue to rise among children, the aim of this study was to determine whether human leukocyte antigen DQ (HLA-DQ) genotypes may be related to body size among children genetically at risk for type 1 diabetes.


METHODS
Repeated measures of weight and height were collected from 5969 children 2-4 years of age enrolled in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young prospective study. Overweight and obesity was determined by the International Obesity Task Force cutoff values that correspond to body mass index (BMI) of 25 and 30 kg m(-)(2) at age 18.


RESULTS
The average BMI was comparable across specific HLA genotypes at every age point. The proportion of overweight was not different by HL A, but percent obesity varied by age with a decreasing trend among DQ2/8 carriers (P for trend=0.0315). A multivariable regression model suggested DQ2/2 was associated with higher obesity risk at age 4 (odds ratio, 2.41; 95% confidence interval, 1.21-4.80) after adjusting for the development of islet autoantibody and/or type 1 diabetes.


CONCLUSIONS
The HLA-DQ2/2 genotype may predispose to obesity among 2-4-year-old children with genetic risk for type 1 diabetes.
Department of Pediatrics, Pediatrics Epidemiology Center, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
J
J
Yang
Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University/CRC, Skåne University Hospital SUS, Malmö, Sweden.
Å
Å
Lernmark
Department of Pediatrics, Pediatrics Epidemiology Center, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
U M
UM
Uusitalo
Department of Pediatrics, Pediatrics Epidemiology Center, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
K F
KF
Lynch
Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
R
R
Veijola
Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, and Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, and Forschergruppe Diabetes e.V., Neuherberg, Germany.
C
C
Winkler
Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University/CRC, Skåne University Hospital SUS, Malmö, Sweden.
H E
HE
Larsson
Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.
M
M
Rewers
Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA.
J-X
JX
She
Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, and Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, and Forschergruppe Diabetes e.V., Neuherberg, Germany.
A G
AG
Ziegler
Department of Pediatrics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
O G
OG
Simell
Pacific Northwest Diabetes Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.
W A
WA
Hagopian
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA.
B
B
Akolkar
Department of Pediatrics, Pediatrics Epidemiology Center, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
J P
JP
Krischer
Department of Pediatrics, Pediatrics Epidemiology Center, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
K
K
Vehik
D017668:Age of Onset; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000235:genetics*; D015551:Autoimmunity / Q000235:genetics*; D001724:Birth Weight; D001827:Body Height; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006683:HLA-DQ Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007515:Islets of Langerhans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D009035:Mothers; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
D001323:Autoantibodies; D006683:HLA-DQ Antigens