[Inpatient acute pain management in German hospitals: results from the national survey "Akutschmerzzensus 2012"].
BACKGROUND
In 2007, the German national guidelines on "Treatment of acute perioperative and post-traumatic pain" were published. The aim of this study was to describe current structure and process data for acute pain management in German hospitals and to compare how the guidelines and other initiatives such as benchmarking or certification changed the healthcare landscape in the last decade.


METHODS
All directors of German departments of anesthesiology according to the DGAI ("Deutschen Gesellschaft für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin", German Society for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care) were mailed a standardized questionnaire on structures and processes of acute pain management in their hospitals.


RESULTS
A total of 403 completed questionnaires (46 %) could be evaluated. Of hospitals, 81 % had an acute pain service (ASD), whereby only 45 % met defined quality criteria. Written standards for acute pain management were available in 97 % of the hospitals on surgical wards and 51 % on nonsurgical wards. In 96 %, perioperative pain was regularly recorded (generally pain at rest and/or movement, pain-related functional impairment in 16 % only). Beside these routine measurements, only 38 % of hospitals monitored pain for effectiveness after acute medications. Often interdisciplinary working groups and/or pain managers are established for hospital-wide control. As specific therapy, the patient-controlled analgesia and epidural analgesia are largely prevalent (> 90 % of all hospitals). In the last decade, intravenous and oral opioid administration of opioids (including slow release preparations) has become established in acute pain management.


CONCLUSIONS
The survey was representative by evaluating 20 % of all German hospitals. The organizational requirements for appropriate pain management recommended by the German guidelines for acute pain recommended have been established in the hospital sector in recent years. However, the organizational enforcement for acute pain management in nonsurgical areas is not adequate yet, compared to the perioperative care. In all hospitals modern medication and invasive techniques are widely available.
Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Zentrum Anästhesiologie, Rettungs- und Intensivmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Deutschland, joachim.erlenwein@med.uni-goettingen.de.
J
J
Erlenwein
U
U
Stamer
R
R
Koschwitz
W
W
Koppert
M
M
Quintel
W
W
Meißner
F
F
Petzke
D000208:Acute Disease; D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000776:Anesthesiology / Q000592:standards*; D003422:Critical Care / Q000592:standards*; D005858:Germany; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006306:Health Surveys; D006779:Hospitals, Public / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D009313:National Health Programs / Q000592:standards*; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000592:standards; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000592:standards*; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care / Q000592:standards; D012955:Societies, Medical; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000150:complications*
D000700:Analgesics