HIV prevention: Making male circumcision the 'right' tool for the job.
In recent years, HIV/AIDS programming has been transformed by an ostensibly 'new' procedure: male circumcision. This article examines the rise of male circumcision as the 'right' HIV prevention tool. Treating this controversial topic as a 'matter of concern' rather than a 'matter of fact', I examine the reasons why male circumcision came to be seen as a partial solution to the problem of HIV transmission in the twenty-first century and to what effect. Grounded in a close reading of the primary literature, I suggest that the embrace of male circumcision in HIV prevention must be understood in relation to three factors: (1) the rise of evidence-based medicine as the dominant paradigm for conceptualising medical knowledge, (2) the fraught politics of HIV/AIDS research and funding, which made the possibility of a biomedical intervention attractive and (3) underlying assumptions about the nature of African 'culture' and 'sexuality'. I conclude by stressing the need to expand the parameters of the debate beyond the current polarised landscape, which presents us with a problematic either/or scenario regarding the efficacy of male circumcision.
a Department of Anthropology , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , BC , Canada.
Kirsten
K
Bell
D002944:Circumcision, Male; D014943:Global Health; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D006291:Health Policy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015229:Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission
HIV prevention; controversy; male circumcision; scientific facts; social studies of science