Anti-rotavirus effects by combination therapy of stevioside and Sophora flavescens extract.
Anti-rotaviral activities of Sophora flavescens extract (SFE) and stevioside (SV) from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni either singly or in various combinations were examined in vitro and in vivo using a porcine rotavirus G5[P7] strain. Combination of SFE and SV inhibited in vitro virus replication more efficiently than each single treatment. In the piglet model, SV had no effect on rotavirus enteritis, whereas SFE improved but did not completely cure rotaviral enteritis. Interestingly, combination therapy of SFE and SV alleviated diarrhea, and markedly improved small intestinal lesion score and fecal virus shedding. Acute toxicity tests including the piglet lethal dose 50, and body weight, organ weight and pathological changes for the combination therapy did not show any adverse effect on the piglets. These preliminary data suggest that the combination therapy of SV and SFE is a potential curative medication for rotaviral diarrhea in pigs. Determination of the efficacy of this combination therapy in other species including humans needs to be addressed in the future.
Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea.
Mia Madel
MM
Alfajaro
Bioindustrial Process Reasearch Center and AI Control Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea.
Mun-Chual
MC
Rho
Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea.
Hyun-Jeong
HJ
Kim
Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea.
Jun-Gyu
JG
Park
Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea.
Deok-Song
DS
Kim
Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea.
Myra
M
Hosmillo
Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea.
Kyu-Yeol
KY
Son
Chonnam National University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea.
Ju-Hwan
JH
Lee
Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea.
Sang-Ik
SI
Park
Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea.
Mun-Il
MI
Kang
Infection Control Material Research Center and AI Control Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea.
Young Bae
YB
Ryu
Division of Applied Life Science, EB-NCR, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea.
Ki Hun
KH
Park
Bioindustrial Process Reasearch Center and AI Control Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea.
Hyun-Mee
HM
Oh
Bioindustrial Process Reasearch Center and AI Control Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea.
Seung Woong
SW
Lee
Infection Control Material Research Center and AI Control Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea.
Su-Jin
SJ
Park
Infection Control Material Research Center and AI Control Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: wslee@kribb.re.kr.
Woo Song
WS
Lee
Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: choko@chonnam.ac.kr.
Kyoung-Oh
KO
Cho
D000818:Animals; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D045786:Diterpenes, Kaurane / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005243:Feces / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D005960:Glucosides / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006651:Histocytochemistry / Q000662:veterinary; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D011897:Random Allocation; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D012401:Rotavirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*; D012400:Rotavirus Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D029909:Sophora / Q000378:metabolism*; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000821:virology*
D045786:Diterpenes, Kaurane; D005960:Glucosides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012367:RNA, Viral; C012043:stevioside
Combination therapy; Enteritis; Rotavirus; Sophora flavescens extract; Stevioside; Synergistic effect