A review on the wettability of dental implant surfaces II: Biological and clinical aspects.
Dental and orthopedic implants have been under continuous advancement to improve their interactions with bone and ensure a successful outcome for patients. Surface characteristics such as surface topography and surface chemistry can serve as design tools to enhance the biological response around the implant, with in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies confirming their effects. However, the comprehensive design of implants to promote early and long-term osseointegration requires a better understanding of the role of surface wettability and the mechanisms by which it affects the surrounding biological environment. This review provides a general overview of the available information about the contact angle values of experimental and of marketed implant surfaces, some of the techniques used to modify surface wettability of implants, and results from in vitro and clinical studies. We aim to expand the current understanding on the role of wettability of metallic implants at their interface with blood and the biological milieu, as well as with bacteria, and hard and soft tissues.
Center for Biodiversity & Drug Discovery, Institute for Scientific Research and High Technology Services (INDICASAT-AIP), Panama, Panama. Electronic address: rgittens@indicasat.org.pa.
Rolando A
RA
Gittens
Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Section of Medical Materials and Technology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Lutz
L
Scheideler
Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Section of Medical Materials and Technology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Frank
F
Rupp
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
Sharon L
SL
Hyzy
Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Section of Medical Materials and Technology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Jürgen
J
Geis-Gerstorfer
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
Zvi
Z
Schwartz
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
Barbara D
BD
Boyan
D015921:Dental Implants; D006801:Humans; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D013499:Surface Properties; D017155:Wettability
D015921:Dental Implants
Hydrophilicity; Osseointegration; Surface conditioning; Surface energy; Titanium implant roughness