Fluoride ion release and solubility of fluoride enriched interim cements.
BACKGROUND
Interim and definitive restorations cemented with interim cements for a prolonged interval are susceptible to bacterial infiltration and caries formation.


OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the long-term fluoride release and solubility of aged ZnO-based interim cements enriched separately with 0.4% NaF and SnF2.


METHODS
Four different brands of cements (Tempbond, Tempbond NE, Procem, and Freegenol) were tested for fluoride release and solubility. For every test, 6 disk specimens of each cement with NaF and SnF2, and 6 with no fluoride enrichment (control) were fabricated, for a total of 72 specimens. The disks were incubated in deionized water. Fluoride ion release was recorded at 1, 7, 14, 21, 63, 91, and 182 days. Solubility was calculated as weight percent after 90 days of incubation. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance with repeated measures and the Tukey honestly significant difference post hoc test (P<.05).


RESULTS
Cements mixed with fluorides released fluoride ions for at least 182 days. Cements mixed with NaF released more fluoride ions than those mixed with SnF2 (P<.001). The cumulative release rates from all the tested cements mixed with either NaF or SnF2 were linear with respect to t(½) (r>.97), indicating a diffusion-controlled fluoride release. Cement and fluoride types were the main affecting factors in fluoride ion release. The addition of fluorides slightly increased the solubility of the cements.


CONCLUSIONS
Given their long-term sustained and diffusive controlled release, these fluorides, particularly NaF when mixed with ZnO-based interim cements, may be useful for caries prevention under provisionally cemented restorations.
Senior Lecturer and Director, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. Electronic address: lewins@post.tau.ac.il.
Israel
I
Lewinstein
Research Associate, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Jonathan
J
Block
Instructor, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Guy
G
Melamed
Instructor, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Eran
E
Dolev
Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Shlomo
S
Matalon
Lecturer, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Zeev
Z
Ormianer
D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D004058:Diffusion; D005054:Eugenol / Q000737:chemistry; D005459:Fluorides / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000737:chemistry; D012995:Solubility; D013997:Time Factors; D014002:Tin Fluorides / Q000737:chemistry; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000737:chemistry
D003738:Dental Cements; C078077:Freegenol; D014002:Tin Fluorides; C449162:zinc oxide-non-eugenol cement; D014867:Water; D005054:Eugenol; C076899:Temp-Bond; D012969:Sodium Fluoride; D005459:Fluorides; D015034:Zinc Oxide