A medium-chain fatty acid receptor Gpr84 in zebrafish: expression pattern and roles in immune regulation.
Gpr84 was recently identified as a receptor for medium-chain fatty acids, but its functions remain to be clarified. We reported the identification of a zebrafish Gpr84 homologue (zGpr84), which has a higher gene expression in the tissues of intestine, heart and liver. During embryogenesis, zGpr84 is maternally expressed and a significant increase is observed at segmentation period, and it is mainly restricted to the head region, pectoral fins, branchial arches, intestine and lateral line neuromast. Fasting or treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can induce significant up-regulation of zGpr84. We further demonstrated that zGpr84 is involved in the accumulation of lipid droplets in cells. Moreover, undecanoic acid (UA) can amplify LPS induced production of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-12 p40 through zGpr84, supporting the proposal that Gpr84 may play a role in directly linking fatty acid metabolism to immunological regulation. The resulting data in fish lay a foundation for a comprehensive exploration of the functions and evolution of Gpr84.
Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, China.
Qiaoyan
Q
Huang
Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, China.
Dong
D
Feng
Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, China.
Kai
K
Liu
Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, China.
Peng
P
Wang
Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, China.
Hongyan
H
Xiao
Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, China.
Ying
Y
Wang
Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, China.
Shicui
S
Zhang
Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, China. Electronic address: zhenhuiliu@ouc.edu.cn.
Zhenhui
Z
Liu
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D005215:Fasting; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000276:immunology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009928:Organ Specificity; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*
D005227:Fatty Acids; C000593909:G protein-coupled receptor 84, zebrafish; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins; C016173:undecanoic acid; D018664:Interleukin-12
Expression pattern; FFA; Gpr84; Immune; Zebrafish