Non-malignant central airway obstruction.
The most common causes of non-malignant central airway obstruction are post-intubation and post-tracheostomytracheal stenosis, followed by the presence of foreign bodies, benign endobronchial tumours and tracheobronchomalacia. Other causes, such as infectious processes or systemic diseases, are less frequent. Despite the existence of numerous classification systems, a consensus has not been reached on the use of any one of them in particular. A better understanding of the pathophysiology of this entity has allowed us to improve diagnosis and treatment. For the correct diagnosis of nonspecific clinical symptoms, pulmonary function tests, radiological studies and, more importantly, bronchoscopy must be performed. Treatment must be multidisciplinary and tailored to each patient, and will require surgery or endoscopic intervention using thermoablative and mechanical techniques.
Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, España; Unidad de broncoscopias, Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, España.
David
D
Barros Casas
Servicio de Neumología Intervencionista, Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile.
Sebastian
S
Fernández-Bussy
Division of Interventional Pulmonology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston. Estados Unidos.
Erik
E
Folch
Unidad de broncoscopias, Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, España.
Javier
J
Flandes Aldeyturriaga
Division of Interventional Pulmonology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston. Estados Unidos. Electronic address: amajid@bidmc.harvard.edu.
Adnan
A
Majid
D000402:Airway Obstruction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D001982:Bronchial Diseases / Q000150:complications; D001984:Bronchial Neoplasms / Q000150:complications; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic; D005547:Foreign Bodies / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000009:adverse effects; D016040:Lung Transplantation; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014132:Trachea / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology; D014133:Tracheal Diseases / Q000150:complications; D055089:Tracheobronchomalacia / Q000150:complications; D014139:Tracheostomy / Q000009:adverse effects
Broncoscopia diagnóstica y terapéutica; Diagnostic and therapeutic bronchoscopy; Estenosis traqueobronquial; Granulation tissue; Intubación.; Intubation.; Non-malignant airway obstruction; Patología obstructiva no maligna; Tejido de granulación; Tracheobronchial stenosis; Tracheostomy; Traqueostomía