Impact of a targeted typhoid vaccination campaign following cyclone Tomas, Republic of Fiji, 2010.
After a category 4 cyclone that caused extensive population displacement and damage to water and sanitation infrastructure in Fiji in March 2010, a typhoid vaccination campaign was conducted as part of the post-disaster response. During June-December 2010, 64,015 doses of typhoid Vi polysaccharide vaccine were administered to persons ≥ 2 years of age, primarily in cyclone-affected areas that were typhoid endemic. Annual typhoid fever incidence decreased during the post-campaign year (2011) relative to preceding years (2008-2009) in three subdivisions where a large proportion of the population was vaccinated (incidence rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals: 0.23, 0.13-0.41; 0.24, 0.14-0.41; 0.58, 0.40-0.86), and increased or remained unchanged in 12 subdivisions where little to no vaccination occurred. Vaccination played a role in reducing typhoid fever incidence in high-incidence areas after a disaster and should be considered in endemic settings, along with comprehensive control measures, as recommended by the World Health Organization.
Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Epidemic Intelligence Service, Office of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Division of Pacific Technical Support, World Health Organization, Suva, Fiji; Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Fiji Centre for Communicable Disease Control, Suva, Fiji; Health Information Unit, Ministry of Health, Suva, Fiji; Fiji Ministry of Health, Labasa, Fiji; Fiji Health Sector Improvement Program, Ministry of Health, Suva, Fiji vih8@cdc.gov.
Heather M
HM
Scobie
Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Epidemic Intelligence Service, Office of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Division of Pacific Technical Support, World Health Organization, Suva, Fiji; Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Fiji Centre for Communicable Disease Control, Suva, Fiji; Health Information Unit, Ministry of Health, Suva, Fiji; Fiji Ministry of Health, Labasa, Fiji; Fiji Health Sector Improvement Program, Ministry of Health, Suva, Fiji.
Eric
E
Nilles
Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Epidemic Intelligence Service, Office of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Division of Pacific Technical Support, World Health Organization, Suva, Fiji; Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Fiji Centre for Communicable Disease Control, Suva, Fiji; Health Information Unit, Ministry of Health, Suva, Fiji; Fiji Ministry of Health, Labasa, Fiji; Fiji Health Sector Improvement Program, Ministry of Health, Suva, Fiji.
Mike
M
Kama
Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Epidemic Intelligence Service, Office of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Division of Pacific Technical Support, World Health Organization, Suva, Fiji; Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Fiji Centre for Communicable Disease Control, Suva, Fiji; Health Information Unit, Ministry of Health, Suva, Fiji; Fiji Ministry of Health, Labasa, Fiji; Fiji Health Sector Improvement Program, Ministry of Health, Suva, Fiji.
Jacob L
JL
Kool
Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Epidemic Intelligence Service, Office of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Division of Pacific Technical Support, World Health Organization, Suva, Fiji; Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Fiji Centre for Communicable Disease Control, Suva, Fiji; Health Information Unit, Ministry of Health, Suva, Fiji; Fiji Ministry of Health, Labasa, Fiji; Fiji Health Sector Improvement Program, Ministry of Health, Suva, Fiji.
Eric
E
Mintz
Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Epidemic Intelligence Service, Office of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Division of Pacific Technical Support, World Health Organization, Suva, Fiji; Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Fiji Centre for Communicable Disease Control, Suva, Fiji; Health Information Unit, Ministry of Health, Suva, Fiji; Fiji Ministry of Health, Labasa, Fiji; Fiji Health Sector Improvement Program, Ministry of Health, Suva, Fiji.
Kathleen A
KA
Wannemuehler
Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Epidemic Intelligence Service, Office of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Division of Pacific Technical Support, World Health Organization, Suva, Fiji; Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Fiji Centre for Communicable Disease Control, Suva, Fiji; Health Information Unit, Ministry of Health, Suva, Fiji; Fiji Ministry of Health, Labasa, Fiji; Fiji Health Sector Improvement Program, Ministry of Health, Suva, Fiji.
Terri B
TB
Hyde
Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Epidemic Intelligence Service, Office of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Division of Pacific Technical Support, World Health Organization, Suva, Fiji; Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Fiji Centre for Communicable Disease Control, Suva, Fiji; Health Information Unit, Ministry of Health, Suva, Fiji; Fiji Ministry of Health, Labasa, Fiji; Fiji Health Sector Improvement Program, Ministry of Health, Suva, Fiji.
Akanisi
A
Dawainavesi
Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Epidemic Intelligence Service, Office of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Division of Pacific Technical Support, World Health Organization, Suva, Fiji; Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Fiji Centre for Communicable Disease Control, Suva, Fiji; Health Information Unit, Ministry of Health, Suva, Fiji; Fiji Ministry of Health, Labasa, Fiji; Fiji Health Sector Improvement Program, Ministry of Health, Suva, Fiji.
Sheetalpreet
S
Singh
Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Epidemic Intelligence Service, Office of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Division of Pacific Technical Support, World Health Organization, Suva, Fiji; Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Fiji Centre for Communicable Disease Control, Suva, Fiji; Health Information Unit, Ministry of Health, Suva, Fiji; Fiji Ministry of Health, Labasa, Fiji; Fiji Health Sector Improvement Program, Ministry of Health, Suva, Fiji.
Samuel
S
Korovou
Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Epidemic Intelligence Service, Office of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Division of Pacific Technical Support, World Health Organization, Suva, Fiji; Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Fiji Centre for Communicable Disease Control, Suva, Fiji; Health Information Unit, Ministry of Health, Suva, Fiji; Fiji Ministry of Health, Labasa, Fiji; Fiji Health Sector Improvement Program, Ministry of Health, Suva, Fiji.
Kylie
K
Jenkins
Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Epidemic Intelligence Service, Office of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Division of Pacific Technical Support, World Health Organization, Suva, Fiji; Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Fiji Centre for Communicable Disease Control, Suva, Fiji; Health Information Unit, Ministry of Health, Suva, Fiji; Fiji Ministry of Health, Labasa, Fiji; Fiji Health Sector Improvement Program, Ministry of Health, Suva, Fiji.
Kashmira
K
Date
D000293:Adolescent; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D055867:Cyclonic Storms; D004190:Disasters; D005260:Female; D005367:Fiji / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012485:Salmonella typhi / Q000276:immunology*; D012499:Sanitation; D014435:Typhoid Fever / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014436:Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014611:Vaccination
D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial; D014436:Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines; C057664:Vi polysaccharide vaccine, typhoid