Influence of gustatory and olfactory perception in the oral phase of swallowing in smokers.
OBJECTIVE
To analyze the difference between nonsmokers and smokers on the changes in the perceptions of smell and taste and to verify the influence of these aspects in the emergence of compensatory movements during swallowing.


METHODS
To evaluate these aspects, capabilities of olfactory and gustatory recognition were observed, as well as the compensation swallowing. Twenty-four patients were evaluated in each study group aged from 18 years, grouped in a stratified way. The olfactory evaluation consisted in presenting seven essences and one of three options should be chosen. For the taste test, 16 flavors were offered in a non-sequential and decreasing way in amount of solute. Swallowing solid and liquid was evaluated, in which aspects of compensation perioral muscles were observed.


RESULTS
Worst performance in olfactory and gustatory tests among smokers (p≤0.01) was found. Through the results of χ2 and Fisher's exact tests, it was found that the contraction of the mentalis muscle is less observed in non-smokers, and smokers have an average degree of statistically significant change compared to nonsmokers. Furthermore, through the Spearman correlation coefficient, it was found that the worsening in the sensory tests implies increased compensation during swallowing in smokers.


CONCLUSIONS
These data allowed us to verify that the sensory changes have influence on swallowing pattern, indicating that these changes are aspects that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of changes in swallowing.
Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Karoline Weber dos
KW
Santos
Universidade Luterana do Brasil, São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil.
Simone Soares
SS
Echeveste
Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Deisi Cristina Gollo Marques
DC
Vidor
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055696:Olfactory Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D055697:Taste Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055815:Young Adult