Extracellular vesicles: emerging targets for cancer therapy.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies, are released by almost all cell types, including tumour cells. Through transfer of their molecular contents, EVs are capable of altering the function of recipient cells. Increasing evidence suggests a key role for EV mediated intercellular communication in a variety of cellular processes involved in tumour development and progression, including immune suppression, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Aspects of EV biogenesis or function are therefore increasingly being considered as targets for anticancer therapy. Here, we summarise the current knowledge on the contributions of EVs to cancer pathogenesis and discuss novel therapeutic strategies to target EVs to prevent tumour growth and spread.
Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK.
Pieter
P
Vader
Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 2129, USA.
Xandra O
XO
Breakefield
Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK. Electronic address: matthew.wood@dpag.ox.ac.uk.
Matthew J A
MJ
Wood
D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002450:Cell Communication / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*; D022161:Transport Vesicles / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents
cancer therapy; exosomes; extracellular vesicles; metastasis; microvesicles; tumour microenvironment