A Cross-sectional Study to Find out the Prevalence of Different Types of Domestic Violence in Gwalior City and to Identify the Various Risk and Protective Factors for Domestic Violence.
BACKGROUND
Violence against women is a universal phenomenon that persists in all communities and in all countries of the world and the perpetrator of that violence is often well-known to the victim. Domestic violence in particular continues to be frighteningly common and well-accepted as "normal" within too many societies.


OBJECTIVE
(1) The primary aim of this study is to find out the extent of different type of domestic violence and to identify various risk factors for domestic violence against married women. (2) The secondary aim is to identify the various protective factors of domestic violence against married women.


METHODS
The present study was a population based cross-sectional study carried out in the urban area of Gwalior city for a period of one year. Stratified random sampling technique was used for the selection of the samples. The study participants were interviewed using a pretested semi-structured open-ended questionnaire. Proportion, Pearson's, chi-square test and odds ratio were calculated for the analysis of the study.


RESULTS
Of the 144 study participants, 68 participants reported some form of domestic violence, which was either physical, sexual or emotional. The most common type of violence reported was physical violence. The most important risk factor for domestic violence was alcoholism followed by literacy status. Majority of the abused women were dependent on their husbands for money, material assets and expenditure.


CONCLUSIONS
The study hereby recommends that to prevent domestic violence government has to take stringent action for making women more self-reliant especially by making the women more literate and more financially independent.
Department of Community Medicine, G.R. Medical College, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Ashok
A
Mishra
Department of Community Medicine, G.R. Medical College, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Sk
S
Patne
Department of Community Medicine, G.R. Medical College, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Ranjana
R
Tiwari
Department of Community Medicine, UP Rural Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Saifai, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Dhiraj Kumar
DK
Srivastava
Department of Community Medicine, Guru Gobind Singh Medcial College, Faridkot, Punjab, India.
Neeraj
N
Gour
Department of Community Medicine, Bundelkhand Medical College, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Manoj
M
Bansal
Domestic violence; emotional violence; physical violence; sexual violence