Innovative approaches to promoting cervical health and raising cervical cancer awareness by use of existing cultural structures in resource-limited countries: experiences with traditional marriage counseling in Zambia.
The Cervical Cancer Prevention Program in Zambia (CCPPZ) has increasingly used community-level structures to increase the uptake and ensure the sustainability of the program. Traditional marriage counselors, the alangizi, who have existed in the Zambian society for many years, are one of the structures used by the program to impart cervical cancer knowledge and increase access to screening and care using an existing community structure. Several steps were followed in developing this intervention: (a) ensuring the alangizi understood the process of screening by encouraging them to go through the screening process; (b) workshops were arranged for the alangizi to meet and share experiences during which lessons were given on cervical cancer by health workers as well; and (c) eight alangizi were chosen to help document the lessons as part of ensuring that cervical cancer information is accurate and passed in a consistent manner. Over 70 alangizi, who had undergone cervical cancer screening, were trained by CCPPZ. A 'Cervical Cancer Training Manual for Marriage Counsellors' was developed to help the alangizi integrate cervical cancer lessons in their routine teachings. An evaluation was conducted during the training of the alangizi that forms the basis for this paper. The results show that although the alangizi face key challenges in their work (e.g. changing social contexts), they are still considered relevant by most communities in Zambia and are potentially an important avenue for cervical cancer and other health information. This paper shows that it is possible to integrate sexual and reproductive health messages into existing structures in the community. However, it is important to design culturally specific and sensitive healthcare strategies that embrace locally accepted good practices.
1.Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.
Sharon
S
Kapambwe
Groesbeck
G
Parham
Mulindi
M
Mwanahamuntu
Susan
S
Chirwa
Jacob
J
Mwanza
Mary
M
Amuyunzu-Nyamongo
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003150:Community Health Workers / Q000193:education* / Q000639:trends; D003376:Counseling / Q000379:methods; D065246:Culturally Competent Care / Q000379:methods*; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000379:methods* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008393:Marriage / Q000208:ethnology; D008875:Middle Aged; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D012736:Sex Education / Q000379:methods*; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015024:Zambia
Zambia; cervical cancer; marriage counseling; screening