Ergonomics problems due to the use and design of dissector and needle holder: a survey in minimally invasive surgery.
BACKGROUND
This study analyzes the problems and consequences associated with prolonged use of laparoscopic instruments (dissector and needle holder) and equipments.


METHODS
A total of 390 questionnaires were sent to the laparoscopic surgeons of the Spanish Health System. Questions were structured on the basis of 4 categories: demographics, assessment of laparoscopic dissector, assessment of needle holder, and other informations.


RESULTS
A response rate of 30.26% was obtained. Among them, handle shape of laparoscopic instruments was identified as the main element that needed to be improved. Furthermore, the type of instrument, electrocautery pedals and height of the operating table were identified as major causes of forced positions during the use of both surgical instruments.


CONCLUSIONS
As far as we know, this is the largest Spanish survey conducted on this topic. From this survey, some ergonomic drawbacks have been identified in: (a) the instruments' design, (b) the operating tables, and (c) the posture of the surgeons.
*Bioengineering and Health Technology Unit †Laparoscopy Unit §Scientific Direction, Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, Cáceres ‡R&D Area, Institute of Biomechanics of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
Marcos
M
Lucas-Hernández
José B
JB
Pagador
Francisco J
FJ
Pérez-Duarte
Purificación
P
Castelló
Francisco M
FM
Sánchez-Margallo
D003625:Data Collection; D004867:Equipment Design; D006804:Ergonomics; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000295:instrumentation; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013525:Surgical Instruments