Associations of physical activity and sport and exercise with at-risk substance use in young men: a longitudinal study.
OBJECTIVE
This study aims to measure the associations of physical activity and one of its components, sport and exercise, with at-risk substance use in a population of young men.


METHODS
Baseline (2010-2012) and follow-up (2012-2013) data of 4748 young Swiss men from the Cohort Study on Substance Use Risk Factors (C-SURF) were used. Cross-sectional and prospective associations between at-risk substance use and both sport and exercise and physical activities were measured using Chi-squared tests and logistic regression models adjusting for covariates.


RESULTS
At baseline, logistic regression indicated that sport and exercise is negatively associated with at-risk use of cigarettes and cannabis. A positive association was obtained between physical activity and at-risk alcohol use. At baseline, sport and exercise was negatively associated with at-risk use of cigarettes and cannabis at follow-up. Adjusted for sport and exercise, physical activity was positively associated with at-risk use of cigarettes and cannabis.


CONCLUSIONS
Sport and exercise is cross-sectionally and longitudinally associated with a low prevalence of at-risk use of cigarettes and cannabis. This protective effect was not observed for physical activity broadly defined. Taking a substance use prevention perspective, the promotion of sport and exercise among young adults should be encouraged.
Alcohol Treatment Centre, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Av. Beaumont 21 bis, Pavillon 2, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland. Electronic address: Yves.Henchoz@chuv.ch.
Yves
Y
Henchoz
Alcohol Treatment Centre, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Av. Beaumont 21 bis, Pavillon 2, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, 'Geopolis' building, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
Marc
M
Dupuis
Alcohol Treatment Centre, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Av. Beaumont 21 bis, Pavillon 2, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
Stéphane
S
Deline
Alcohol Treatment Centre, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Av. Beaumont 21 bis, Pavillon 2, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
Joseph
J
Studer
Alcohol Treatment Centre, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Av. Beaumont 21 bis, Pavillon 2, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
Stéphanie
S
Baggio
Alcohol Treatment Centre, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Av. Beaumont 21 bis, Pavillon 2, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
Alexandra Adjua
AA
N'Goran
Alcohol Treatment Centre, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Av. Beaumont 21 bis, Pavillon 2, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
Jean-Bernard
JB
Daeppen
Alcohol Treatment Centre, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Av. Beaumont 21 bis, Pavillon 2, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Addiction Switzerland, Case postale 870, CH-1001 Lausanne, Switzerland; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada; University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK.
Gerhard
G
Gmel
D019973:Alcohol-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015444:Exercise; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D002189:Marijuana Abuse / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D009043:Motor Activity; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D065840:Protective Factors; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013177:Sports; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D013557:Switzerland; D055815:Young Adult
At-risk substance use; Physical activity; Prevention; Sports; Young adult