Coral snake bites and envenomation in children: a case series.
OBJECTIVE
North America is home to 2 families of venomous snakes, Crotalinae (pit viper family) and Elapidae (coral snake family). Although there are several published reports describing and reviewing the management of pit viper snakebites in children, there are no recent similar publications detailing the clinical course and management of coral snake envenomation.


METHODS
Our case series describes the hospital course of children with coral snake bites admitted to our regional pediatric intensive care. We also reviewed prior published case reports of coral snake bites in the United States.


RESULTS
We identified 4 patients with either confirmed or suspected coral snake envenomation from our hospital's records. In 2 cases, the snakebite occurred after apparent provocation. Antivenom was administered to 3 patients. The regional venom response team was consulted for management advice and supplied the antivenom. One patient had a prolonged hospital course, which was complicated by respiratory failure, bulbar palsy, and ataxia. All survived to discharge.


CONCLUSIONS
Admission to pediatric intensive care is warranted after all Eastern coral snake bites. A specialized regional or national venom response team can be a useful resource for management advice and as a source of antivenom.
From the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Miami Children's Hospital, Miami, FL.
Jun
J
Sasaki
Paul A
PA
Khalil
Madhuradhar
M
Chegondi
Andre
A
Raszynski
Keith G
KG
Meyer
Balagangadhar R
BR
Totapally
D000293:Adolescent; D000818:Animals; D000997:Antivenins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D017815:Elapidae; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015278:Intensive Care Units, Pediatric; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012909:Snake Bites / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014481:United States
D000997:Antivenins