Immunogenicity of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccine in patients with diabetes mellitus: with special reference to age, body mass index, and HbA1c.
Subjects with diabetes mellitus are considered to be at high risk of influenza infection and influenza-associated complications. To evaluate the immunogenicity of the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccine among these subjects, we performed a prospective cohort study and measured hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers at baseline and 3 weeks after vaccination in 49 patients. No serious adverse events were reported. We were able to perform analyses for 48 patients, after excluding one patient with suspected infection. The vaccine induced a rise of about 9-fold in the mean antibody level. The sero-response proportion was 79%, and the sero-protection proportion was 73%. Patients with older age and lower body mass index tended to show lower immune response. Multivariate analysis indicated an independent negative effect of hemoglobin A1c level on the sero-protection proportion. A single A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccination achieved a sufficient level of immunity among diabetic patients, but both clinicians and patients should be aware of the potential for reductions in immune response.
Department of Public Health; Faculty of Medicine; Osaka City University; Osaka, Japan.
Yumi
Y
Egawa
Department of Public Health; Faculty of Medicine; Osaka City University; Osaka, Japan.
Satoko
S
Ohfuji
Department of Public Health; Faculty of Medicine; Osaka City University; Osaka, Japan.
Wakaba
W
Fukushima
Department of Metabolism Endocrinology, and Molecular Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Osaka City University; Osaka, Japan.
Yuko
Y
Yamazaki
Department of Metabolism Endocrinology, and Molecular Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Osaka City University; Osaka, Japan.
Tomoaki
T
Morioka
Department of Metabolism Endocrinology, and Molecular Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Osaka City University; Osaka, Japan.
Masanori
M
Emoto
Kannonji Institute; Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University; Kagawa, Japan.
Kazuhiro
K
Maeda
Department of Metabolism Endocrinology, and Molecular Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Osaka City University; Osaka, Japan.
Masaaki
M
Inaba
Department of Public Health; Faculty of Medicine; Osaka City University; Osaka, Japan.
Yoshio
Y
Hirota
D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D055261:Immunogenetic Phenomena / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies
D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human
BMI; HbA1c; age; diabetes mellitus; immunogenicity; influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccine; predictors