Do photoperiod and endocrine disruptor 4-tert-octylphenol effect on spermatozoa of bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus)?
Photoperiod is an environmental signal that controls physiology and behavior of all organisms. Bank voles, which are seasonal breeders, are stimulated to reproduce by the long photoperiod associated with spring and summer. To date, physiology of bank vole spermatozoa has not been explored, although they constitute an interesting model for examining the relationship between photoperiod and xenoestrogen on spermatozoa function. In an attempt to evaluate the acute effect of 4-tert-octylphenol (OP) an in vitro system was used. Spermatozoa isolated from the cauda epididymidies of long-day (LD; 18 h light: 6 h darkness) and short-day (SD; 6 h light: 18 h darkness) bank voles were treated with two OP concentrations (10(-4) M and 10(-8)M, respectively). OP-treated spermatozoa were used for the examination of motility parameters (computer-assisted semen analyzer CEROS), acrosome integrity (Commassie blue staining), cAMP production (immunoenzymatic assay) and cell viability (flow-cytometry analysis). The study revealed the photoperiod-dependent effect of short OP-treatment on motility parameters of vole spermatozoa. In LD spermatozoa, an increase of velocities: (curvilinear velocity [VCL], average path velocity [VAP] straight line velocity [VSL]) and head activity (amplitude of the lateral head displacement, [ALH]) was found. Interestingly, in SD spermatozoa opposite effect on VCL, VAP, VSL and ALH was observed, however only after treatment with 10(-4)M OP. The dose-dependent influence of OP upon acrosome integrity, as well as cAMP levels, in relation to the reproductive status of voles was observed. Moreover, OP exposure affected spermatozoa morphology rather than spermatozoa viability.
Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland. Electronic address: malgorzata.kotula-balak@uj.edu.pl.
Malgorzata
M
Kotula-Balak
Department of Genetics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
Pawel
P
Grzmil
Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
Katarzyna
K
Chojnacka
Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
Katarzyna
K
Andryka
Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
Barbara
B
Bilinska
D000177:Acrosome / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D003411:Arvicolinae / Q000502:physiology*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D010636:Phenols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017440:Photoperiod; D055101:Semen Analysis; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D010636:Phenols; D000242:Cyclic AMP; C105260:4-tert-octylphenol
4-tert-Octylphenol; Acrosome integrity; Bank vole; Motility; Photoperiod; Spermatozoa