Non-human primate models of hormonal contraception and HIV.
OBJECTIVE
Recent concerns that hormonal contraception (HC) may increase risk of HIV acquisition has led to keen interest in using non-human primates (NHP) to understand the underlying mechanism and the magnitude of the risk. This is, in part, because some experiments which would be difficult or logistically impossible in women are more easily conducted in NHP.


METHODS
NHP models of HIV can inform HIV acquisition and pathogenesis research and identify and evaluate biomedical preventions and treatments for HIV/AIDS. Widely used species include rhesus, pigtail, and cynomolgous macaques.


RESULTS
This paper reviews past, current and proposed NHP research around the intersection of HIV and HC.


CONCLUSIONS
NHP research may lead to the identification of hormonally regulated biomarkers that correlate with HIV-acquisition risk, to a ranking of existing or next-generation HC along an HIV-acquisition risk profile, and inform research around new biomedical preventions for HIV.
Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Janet M
JM
McNicholl
Tara C
TC
Henning
Sundaram A
SA
Vishwanathan
Ellen N
EN
Kersh
D000818:Animals; D003278:Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000473:pathology / Q000635:transmission; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000472:pathogenicity; D006801:Humans; D008251:Macaca; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D023421:Models, Animal; D011374:Progesterone / Q000378:metabolism*; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000473:pathology / Q000635:transmission; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000472:pathogenicity; D014621:Vagina / Q000473:pathology*
D003278:Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate
Acquisition risk; SIVs expressing HIV genes; immune; macaque; progesterone; simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIV)