Hyperkalemia: recognition and management of a critical electrolyte disturbance.
Electrolytes, in the right balance, are essential for regulating body functions and maintaining health. Even small deviations from normal electrolyte concentrations may cause significant problems. Hyperkalemia is acknowledged as one of the most dangerous electrolyte abnormalities. Symptoms are nonspecific and predominantly related to cardiac or neuromuscular dysfunction, with potentially life-threatening consequences. Immediate and decisive treatment is necessary to lower the serum potassium level and to prevent a recurrence. This article reviews the pathophysiologic causes of hyperkalemia and discusses the manifestations, diagnostic tests, and various treatment options available to manage this electrolyte abnormality.
Professor, College of Nursing, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, Texas. Ann H. Crawford, PhD, RN, CNS, CEN, is a professor of nursing at the University of Mary Hardin-Baylor. She serves on the undergraduate and graduate faculties. Dr. Crawford earned her bachelor's and master's degrees at the University of North Dakota. She obtained her doctorate in education at Texas A&M University. In addition to teaching, Dr. Crawford works in the emergency department of a local hospital, McLane Children's Baylor Scott & White, in Temple, Texas.
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D006728:Hormones / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006947:Hyperkalemia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D011188:Potassium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood
D006728:Hormones; D011188:Potassium