Effect of a special carbohydrate-protein bar and tomato juice supplementation on oxidative stress markers and vascular endothelial dynamics in ultra-marathon runners.
It is well established that exercise induces excessive production of reactive species leading to oxidative stress, which has been implicated in oxidative damage of macromolecules, immune dysfunction, muscle damage and fatigue. The present study examined the effect of supplementation of ultra-marathon runners for a two-months-period with a special whey protein bar containing carbohydrates and protein in a specific ratio (1:1) (N=16), prepared using as starting material the by-products of cheese manufacturing, and supplementation with commercially available tomato juice (N=15). Thiobarbituric-acid reactive substances and protein carbonyls were significantly decreased in both supplementation groups, while a pronounced increased in reduced glutathione was observed in the protein bar group. Total anti-oxidant activity remained unchanged in both groups. Flow-mediated dilatation, used as an estimate of endothelial function, was increased in both groups, with a significant rise observed only in the tomato juice administration group. In conclusion, supplementation of ultra marathon runners for a two-months-period with a special protein bar and tomato juice significantly improved the oxidative status of the subjects, while tomato juice also improved vascular endothelial function in these athletes.
Cardiology Department, General Hospital of Giannitsa, End of Semertzidi, Giannitsa 58100, Greece. Electronic address: antonis_samaras@yahoo.gr.
Antonios
A
Samaras
Cardiology Department, General Hospital of Karditsa, End of Tayropos str, Karditsa 43100, Greece. Electronic address: ktsarouhas14@yahoo.gr.
Konstantinos
K
Tsarouhas
Cardiology Department, General Hospital of Giannitsa, End of Semertzidi, Giannitsa 58100, Greece. Electronic address: epasxalidis@hotmail.co.uk.
Eleftherios
E
Paschalidis
Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Larissa, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Mezourlo, Larissa 41110, Greece. Electronic address: ggiamou@emory.edu.
Grigorios
G
Giamouzis
Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Larissa, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Mezourlo, Larissa 41110, Greece. Electronic address: ftriposk@med.uth.gr.
Filippos
F
Triposkiadis
General Chemical State Laboratory of Greece, 16 Tsocha Str, Athens 11521, Greece. Electronic address: chtsitsi@yahoo.com.
Christina
C
Tsitsimpikou
Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Ploutonos 26 & Aiolou, Larissa 41221, Greece. Electronic address: beckericious@gmail.com.
Aphrodite Tousia
AT
Becker
Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Ploutonos 26 & Aiolou, Larissa 41221, Greece. Electronic address: nikgkoutz@gmail.com.
Nikolaos
N
Goutzourelas
Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Ploutonos 26 & Aiolou, Larissa 41221, Greece. Electronic address: dkouret@uth.gr.
Demetrios
D
Kouretas
D000328:Adult; D001628:Beverages; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000502:physiology; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000494:pharmacology; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005978:Glutathione / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D050050:Protein Carbonylation; D012420:Running; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D000067816:Whey Proteins
D015415:Biomarkers; D002241:Carbohydrates; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D008894:Milk Proteins; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D000067816:Whey Proteins; D005978:Glutathione
Endothelial function; FMD; Oxidative stress; Protein bar; Tomato juice