Skewing of immune cell cytokine production by mediators from adipocytes and endothelial cells.
Since adipose tissue is composed of adipocytes as well as other cell types including endothelial cells, this study sought to determine how mediators from adipocytes and from endothelial cells impact on immune cell production of cytokines. A minimalistic design was used in which media conditioned by adipocytes or by endothelial cells were added individually or as a mixture to normal spleen cells. Media from adipocytes or endothelial cells each stimulated spleen cell production of Th1 cytokines, Th2 cytokines, most of the measured inflammatory cytokines, and some chemokines. However, a mixture of media conditioned by adipocytes and by endothelial cells inhibited production of Th1 cytokines and skewed reactivity toward a Th2 and inflammatory phenotype. Adiponectin, but not leptin, was shown to contribute to the skewing of immune responsiveness to endothelial cell-derived mediators.
Department of Otolaryngology; Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston, SC USA ; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology; University of Los Andes; Merida, Venezuela.
Silvana A
SA
Vielma
Research Service; Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center; Charleston, SC USA ; Department of Medicine; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Genetic Medicine; Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston, SC USA.
Richard L
RL
Klein
Research Service; Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center; Charleston, SC USA.
Corinne A
CA
Levingston
Department of Otolaryngology; Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston, SC USA ; Research Service; Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center; Charleston, SC USA.
M Rita I
MR
Young
adipocyte; cytokines; endothelial cells; immune regulation; inflammation