Susceptibility to Salmonella carrier-state: a possible Th2 response in susceptible chicks.
Infection of chicken with Salmonella may lead to a carrier-state characterized by the persistence of bacteria in the ceca for a long period of time and result in their excretion in feces. This excretion is the source of contamination of their congeners and food. During infection, enterocytes are the primary target cells for Salmonella, the producers of soluble factors which launch immune response and cells which are reciprocally responsive to surrounding immune cells. This study used microarrays to compare the gene expression profile during carrier-state of enterocytes purified from infected and control chicks which are either resistant or susceptible to Salmonella Enteritidis carrier-state. In total, we identified 271 genes significantly differentially expressed with an absolute fold change greater than 1.5. A global analysis determined interaction networks between differentially regulated genes. Using an a priori approach, our analyses focused on differentially expressed genes which were transcriptionally linked to cytokines playing a major role in the fate of the immune response. The expression of genes transcriptionally linked to type I interferon and TGF-β was down-regulated in infected chicks from both lines. Gene expression linked to the Th1 axis suggests the latter is inhibited in both lines. Finally, the expression of genes linked to IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 indicates that susceptibility to carrier-state could be associated with a Th2 bias. Overall, these results highlight that the response to Salmonella during the acute phase and carrier-state is different and that enterocytes play a central role in this response.
INRA, UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Université de Tours, UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, F-37000 Tours, France. Electronic address: chausse@tours.inra.fr.
Anne-Marie
AM
Chaussé
INRA, UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Université de Tours, UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, F-37000 Tours, France.
Olivier
O
Grépinet
INRA, UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Université de Tours, UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, F-37000 Tours, France.
Elisabeth
E
Bottreau
INRA, UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, F-37380 Nouzilly, France.
Vincent
V
Robert
INRA, UR0083 Recherches Avicoles, F-37380 Nouzilly, France.
Christelle
C
Hennequet-Antier
INRA, UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Université de Tours, UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, F-37000 Tours, France.
Anne-Christine
AC
Lalmanach
INRA, UMR1313 Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
Jérôme
J
Lecardonnel
INRA, UR0083 Recherches Avicoles, F-37380 Nouzilly, France.
Catherine
C
Beaumont
INRA, UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Université de Tours, UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, F-37000 Tours, France.
Philippe
P
Velge
D000818:Animals; D002353:Carrier State / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000635:transmission / Q000662:veterinary*; D002645:Chickens; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D020895:Enterocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000662:veterinary; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D007370:Interferon Type I / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000662:veterinary; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000635:transmission; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000635:transmission; D012477:Salmonella enteritidis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
D007370:Interferon Type I; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta
Carrier-state; Chicken; Microarray; Salmonella