In vitro cytokines profile and ultrastructural changes of microglia and macrophages following interaction with Leishmania.
In the present study, we assessed morphological changes and cytokine production after in vitro interaction with causative agents of American cutaneous leishmaniasis and compared the microglia and macrophage immune responses. Cultures of microglia and macrophages infected with stationary-phase promastigotes of Leishmania (Viannia) shawi, Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis or Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis were evaluated 24, 48 and 72 h after interaction. Macrophages only presented the classical phagocytic process while microglia also displayed large cytoplasmic projections similar to the ruffles described in macropinocytosis. In the macrophage cultures, the percentage of infected cells increased over time, in a fashion that was dependent on the parasite species. In contrast, in microglial cells as the culture time progressed, there was a significant reduction in the percentage of infected cells independent of parasite species. Measurements of cytokines in macrophage cultures 48 h after interactions revealed distinct expression patterns for different parasites, whereas in microglial cultures they were similar for all Leishmania tested species. Taken together, our results suggest that microglia may have a higher phagocytic ability and cytotoxic potential than macrophages for all investigated species. The robust response of microglia against all parasite species may suggest microglia have an important role in the defence against cerebral leishmaniasis.
Instituto Evandro Chagas, Programa de Leishmanioses,Rod. BR-316, km 07, Bairro Levilândia, 67030-000, Ananindeua, Pará,Brazil.
Patricia Karla Santos
PK
Ramos
Laboratório de Microscopia Eletrônica,Instituto Evandro Chagas,Av. Almirante Barroso 492, Bairro Marco, 66090-000, Belém, Pará,Brazil.
Maysa de Vasconcelos
Mde V
Brito
Instituto Evandro Chagas, Programa de Leishmanioses,Rod. BR-316, km 07, Bairro Levilândia, 67030-000, Ananindeua, Pará,Brazil.
Fernando Tobias
FT
Silveira
Laboratório de Dermato-Imunologia,Universidade do Estado do Pará (UEPA), Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Unidade de Referência em Dermatologia Sanitária do Estado do Pará 'Dr. Marcello Candia' (MC),Brazil.
Cláudio Guedes
CG
Salgado
Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer,Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho,Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ,Brazil.
Wanderley
W
De Souza
Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção,Universidade Federal do Pará, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto,Brazil.
Cristovam Wanderley
CW
Picanço-Diniz
Laboratório de Microscopia Eletrônica,Instituto Evandro Chagas,Av. Almirante Barroso 492, Bairro Marco, 66090-000, Belém, Pará,Brazil.
José Antonio Junior
JA
Picanço-Diniz
D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D007891:Leishmania / Q000502:physiology*; D007896:Leishmaniasis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000276:immunology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D017628:Microglia / Q000276:immunology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D010587:Phagocytosis
D016207:Cytokines; D009569:Nitric Oxide