Prognostic biomarkers for prediction of recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma: current status and future prospects.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide, with region specific etiologies. Despite improvements made in the diagnosis of HCC, the prognosis of HCC patients remains poor due to the high recurrence rate of HCC. There is an urgent need for development of prognostic biomarkers to predict the risk of recurrence in HCC patients after "curative" treatment. Such stratification may aid in patient management and development of personalized medicine for HCC treatment. Omics based studies facilitate the study of global changes in biomolecules in a disease in a high throughput manner, and hence are well poised to understand the complex changes which led to HCC recurrence. The quantitative nature of data obtained from omics based studies allow for development of prognostic biomarkers based on changes in gene, protein and metabolite expression. In this review, we surveyed the application of transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics in the study of HCC recurrence. We summarised the data in the literature from these three fields of studies that claimed to be prognostic for HCC recurrence. We critiqued on the limitations of each area of research and the challenges faced in translating the research results for clinical application in predicting HCC recurrence.
Seow Chong Lee, Hwee Tong Tan, Maxey Ching Ming Chung, Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore.
Seow Chong
SC
Lee
Seow Chong Lee, Hwee Tong Tan, Maxey Ching Ming Chung, Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore.
Hwee Tong
HT
Tan
Seow Chong Lee, Hwee Tong Tan, Maxey Ching Ming Chung, Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore.
Maxey Ching Ming
MC
Chung
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000175:diagnosis*; D019295:Computational Biology; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000150:complications; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000378:metabolism; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000175:diagnosis*; D010641:Phenotype; D011379:Prognosis; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods; D059467:Transcriptome; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D035683:MicroRNAs
Biomarker; Liver cancer; Metabolomics; Proteomics; Recurrence; Transcriptomics