Venthamarai chooranam, a polyherbal Siddha medicine, alleviates hypertension via AT₁R and eNOS signaling pathway in 2K1C hypertensive rats.
The present study was aimed to scientifically demonstrate the anti-hypertensive action of Venthamarai chooranam (VMC) in renal hypertensive rats. Two Kidney One Clip (2K1C) Goldblatt model was adopted to induce hypertension in rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats (270-320 g) were randomized into sham (n = 6), vehicle-treated 2K1C (n = 9) and VMC-treated 2K1C (400 mg/kg, p.o; n = 8) and monitored for nine weeks. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), plasma nitrate/nitrite, carotid endothelial nitric oxide synthetase (eNOS), renal angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT₁R), angiotensin type 2 receptor (AT₂R), TNFα, IL-6, thioredoxin 1 (TRX1), and thioredoxin reductase 1 (TRXR1) mRNA expressions were studied. VMC upregulated eNOS expression which in turn improved plasma nitric oxide and decreased SBP in hypertensive rats. It down-regulated AT₁R and simultaneously upregulated AT₂R expression in comparison to vehicle-treated 2K1C rats. Further, renal TNFα and IL-6 expressions were down-regulated while TRX1 and TRXR1 were upregulated by VMC. VMC potentially interacts with renin-angiotensin components and endothelial functions, and thereby exerts its antihypertensive action. This is the first study to demonstrate the mechanism of anti-hypertensive action of VMC in an animal model of renovascular hypertension.
Chidambaram S
CS
Babu
Periyathambi
P
Kalaivani
Vijayan
V
Ranju
Sekar
S
Sathiya
Chandrasekar
C
Anbarasi
Murugappapillai V
MV
Mahadevan
Harivanzan
H
Vijayakumar
Adoor G
AG
Sunil
Sadagopan
S
Thanikachalam
D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006978:Hypertension, Renovascular / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008297:Male; D008515:Medicine, Ayurvedic; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000378:metabolism*; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D044139:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D013879:Thioredoxins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis
D015850:Interleukin-6; D028321:Plant Preparations; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; D044139:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C495697:Txn1 protein, rat; D013879:Thioredoxins; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; C496316:Nos3 protein, rat