Assessment and management of hypertension in patients on dialysis.
Hypertension is common, difficult to diagnose, and poorly controlled among patients with ESRD. However, controversy surrounds the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension. Here, we describe the diagnosis, epidemiology, and management of hypertension in dialysis patients, and examine the data sparking debate over appropriate methods for diagnosing and treating hypertension. Furthermore, we consider the issues uniquely related to hypertension in pediatric dialysis patients. Future clinical trials designed to clarify the controversial results discussed here should lead to the implementation of diagnostic and therapeutic techniques that improve long-term cardiovascular outcomes in patients with ESRD.
Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine and Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana; ragarwal@iupui.edu.
Rajiv
R
Agarwal
Division of Nephrology, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington;
Joseph
J
Flynn
formerly Division of Nephrology, Harlem Hospital, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, New York;
Velvie
V
Pogue
Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio;
Mahboob
M
Rahman
Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana; and.
Efrain
E
Reisin
Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
Matthew R
MR
Weir
D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D006435:Renal Dialysis
D000959:Antihypertensive Agents
dialysis; hemodialysis; hypertension