[Biopsies of the kidney, prostate and urinary bladder].
BACKGROUND
Biopsies of the kidney, prostate and urinary bladder are amongst the most frequent interventions in urology. A correct indication, preparation and performance are important to achieve good results and low complication rates.


OBJECTIVE
In this review complication management in biopsies of the kidney, prostate and urinary bladder are discussed.


METHODS
A selective search of the literature, with emphasis on systematic reviews and larger cohort studies was performed.


RESULTS
Complication rates are generally low. However, certain factors such as coagulation disorders, anatomical malformations, accompanying morbidities or antibiotic resistance may play a significant role and increase rates of complications. Especially complications such as hematuria and injury of contiguous organs are described in the literature.


CONCLUSIONS
Biopsies of the kidney, prostate and urinary bladder can be performed with low complication rates if general and specific factors in the planning of the intervention and prevention of complications are considered.
Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie, Kinderurologie und Andrologie, Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg GmbH, Standort Gießen, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Rudolf-Buchheim-Straße 7, 35385, Gießen, Deutschland, Wagenlehner@AOL.com.
F M E
FM
Wagenlehner
W
W
Weidner
T
T
Diemer
B
B
Altinkilic
D001707:Biopsy, Needle / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D011467:Prostate / Q000473:pathology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000473:pathology*