Bozasella gracilis n. sp. (Ciliophora, Entodiniomorphida) from Asian elephant and phylogenetic analysis of entodiniomorphids and vestibuliferids.
Bozasella gracilis n. sp. in the order Entodiniomorphida was found in fecal samples of an Asian elephant kept in a zoo. The ciliate has general and infraciliary similarities to the families Ophryoscolecidae and Cycloposthiidae. Phylogenetic trees were inferred from 18S rRNA gene sequences of B. gracilis, 45 entodiniomorphids, 10 vestibuliferids, 5 macropodiniids, and an outgroup, using maximum likelihood, Bayesian inference, and neighbor joining analyses. Of them, there were 32 new sequences; 26 entodiniomorphid species in the genera, Bozasella, Triplumaria, Gassovskiella, Ditoxum, Spirodinium, Triadinium, Tetratoxum, Pseudoentodinium, Ochoterenaia, Circodinium, Blepharocorys, Sulcoarcus, Didesmis, Alloiozona, Blepharoconus, Hemiprorodon, and Prorodonopsis, and 6 vestibuliferid species in the genera, Buxtonella, Balantidium, Helicozoster, Latteuria, and Paraisotricha. Thirty additional sequences were retrieved from the GenBank database. Phylogenetic trees revealed non-monophylies of the orders Entodiniomorphida and Vestibuliferida, the suborders Entodiniomorphina and Blepharocorythina, and the families Cycloposthiidae and Paraisotrichidae. Bozasella gracilis was sister to Triplumaria. In addition, to avoid homonymy, we propose Gilchristinidae nom. nov., Gilchristina nom. nov. and Gilchristina artemis (Ito, Van Hoven, Miyazaki & Imai, 2006) comb. nov.
Ookusa Animal Clinic, Ookusa 503, Matsue, Shimane 690-0032, Japan. Electronic address: pecora@mable.ne.jp.
Akira
A
Ito
Department of Parasitology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan.
Miki
M
Ishihara
Department of Parasitology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan.
Soichi
S
Imai
D000818:Animals; D016798:Ciliophora / Q000145:classification* / Q000166:cytology* / Q000235:genetics; D016770:Ciliophora Infections / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*; D004606:Elephants / Q000469:parasitology*; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology; D005260:Female; D007564:Japan; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D012337:RNA, Ribosomal, 18S / Q000235:genetics; D013045:Species Specificity; D013188:Sri Lanka
D012337:RNA, Ribosomal, 18S
18S rRNA gene sequence; Bozasella gracilis n. sp.; Elephant; Entodiniomorphida; Gilchristina artemis (Ito, Van Hoven, Miyazaki & Imai, 2006) comb. nov.; Vestibuliferida