The role of enteral fat as a modulator of body composition after small bowel resection.
BACKGROUND
After massive small bowel resection (SBR), a postoperative diet high in fat is associated with enhanced villus growth. The purpose of this study was to further elucidate the quantity and composition of enteral fat in structural and metabolic changes after SBR.


METHODS
C57/Bl6 mice underwent a 50% proximal SBR. Mice were then randomized to receive a low-fat diet (12% kcal fat), medium-fat diet (44% kcal fat), or high-fat diet (HFD; 71% kcal fat) ad libitum. In a separate experiment, mice underwent 50% proximal SBR and then were randomized to liquid diets of 42% kcal of fat in which the fat was composed of menhaden oil, milk fat, or olive oil. After 2 weeks, mice underwent body composition analysis and the small intestine was harvested.


RESULTS
Mice that ingested the greatest amount of enteral fat (HFD) had the greatest percent lean mass. When the effects of the different kinds of enteral fat were analyzed, mice that consumed menhaden oil had the greatest percent lean mass with the greatest overall retention of preoperative weight.


CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest that enteral fat enriched in omega-3 fatty acids may offer clinically relevant metabolic advantages for patients with short gut syndrome.
Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.
Pamela M
PM
Choi
Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.
Raphael C
RC
Sun
Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.
Joshua
J
Sommovilla
Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.
Jose
J
Diaz-Miron
Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.
Jaclyn
J
Khil
Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.
Christopher R
CR
Erwin
Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.
Jun
J
Guo
Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO. Electronic address: brad.warner@wustl.edu.
Brad W
BW
Warner
D000818:Animals; D001823:Body Composition; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D002149:Energy Intake; D004750:Enteral Nutrition; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage; D051273:Glucose Transporter Type 2 / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000178:diet therapy; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012778:Short Bowel Syndrome / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D051269:Sodium-Glucose Transporter 1 / Q000235:genetics; D015854:Up-Regulation; D015431:Weight Loss
D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D005395:Fish Oils; D051273:Glucose Transporter Type 2; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C495682:Slc2a2 protein, mouse; C495675:Slc5a1 protein, mouse; D051269:Sodium-Glucose Transporter 1; C033266:Menhaden oil