Pyrosequencing-based characterization of gastrointestinal bacteria of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) within a commercial mariculture system.
OBJECTIVE
The relationship of Atlantic salmon gastrointestinal (GI) tract bacteria to environmental factors, in particular water temperature within a commercial mariculture system, was investigated.


RESULTS
Salmon GI tract bacterial communities commercially farmed in south-eastern Tasmania were analysed, over a 13-month period across a standard commercial production farm cycle, using 454 16S rRNA-based pyrosequencing. Faecal bacterial communities were highly dynamic but largely similar between randomly selected fish. In postsmolt, the faecal bacteria population was dominated by Gram-positive fermentative bacteria; however, by midsummer, members of the family Vibrionaceae predominated. As fish progressed towards harvest, a range of different bacterial genera became more prominent corresponding to a decline in Vibrionaceae. The sampled fish were fed two different commercial diet series with slightly different protein, lipid and digestible energy level; however, the effect of these differences was minimal.


CONCLUSIONS
The overall data demonstrated dynamic hind gut communities in salmon that were related to season and fish growth phases but were less influenced by differences in commercial diets used routinely within the farm system studied.


CONCLUSIONS
This study provides understanding of farmed salmon GI bacterial communities and describes the relative impact of diet, environmental and farm factors.
Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, Food Safety Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas., Australia; School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.
K Z
KZ
Zarkasi
G C J
GC
Abell
R S
RS
Taylor
C
C
Neuman
E
E
Hatje
M L
ML
Tamplin
M
M
Katouli
J P
JP
Bowman
D000818:Animals; D004032:Diet; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000382:microbiology*; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D007777:Lactobacillaceae / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D059013:Microbial Consortia / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D020317:Salmo salar / Q000382:microbiology*; D012621:Seasons; D013648:Tasmania; D014737:Vibrionaceae / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification
D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
16S rRNA gene; Atlantic salmon; intestinal bacteria; next-generation sequencing; pyrosequencing; season