Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists for the treatment of type 2 diabetes: differences and similarities.
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a gastrointestinal hormone, secreted in response to ingestion of nutrients, and has important effects on several of the pathophysiological features of type 2 diabetes (T2D). The effects include potentiation of insulin secretion, suppression of glucagon secretion, slowing of gastric emptying and suppression of appetite. In circulation, GLP-1 has a half-life of approximately 2min due to rapid degradation by the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4). Because of this short half-life GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists, resistant to degradation by DPP-4 have been developed. At the moment four different compounds are available for the treatment of T2D and many more are in clinical development. These compounds, although all based on the effects of native GLP-1, differ with regards to structure, pharmacokinetics and size, which ultimately leads to different clinical effects. This review gives an overview of the clinical data on GLP-1R agonists that have been compared in head-to-head studies and focuses on relevant differences between the compounds. Highlighting these similarities and differences could be beneficial for physicians in choosing the best treatment strategy for their patients.
Diabetes Research Center, Department of Medicine, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
Asger
A
Lund
Diabetes Research Center, Department of Medicine, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
Filip K
FK
Knop
Diabetes Research Center, Department of Medicine, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Electronic address: t.vilsboll@dadlnet.dk.
Tina
T
Vilsbøll
D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D054873:Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D000077270:Exenatide; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000187:drug effects; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D000067757:Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000069450:Liraglutide; D010455:Peptides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D018027:Receptors, Glucagon / Q000819:agonists*; D012528:Satiety Response / Q000187:drug effects; D014688:Venoms / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000067758:Glucagon-Like Peptide-2 Receptor
D054873:Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; D000077270:Exenatide; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D000067757:Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D000069450:Liraglutide; D010455:Peptides; D018027:Receptors, Glucagon; D014688:Venoms; C000593833:GLP1R protein, human; C534611:rGLP-1 protein; C479460:lixisenatide; D000067758:Glucagon-Like Peptide-2 Receptor
Exenatide; Exenatide once-weekly; GLP-1 receptor agonists; Liraglutide; Lixisenatide; Type 2 diabetes