Contrast-induced Nephropathy.
Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is a serious complication of angiographic procedures resulting from the administration of contrast media (CM). It is the third most common cause of hospital acquired acute renal injury and represents about 12% of the cases. CIN is defined as an elevation of serum creatinine (Scr) of more than 25% or ≥0.5 mg/dl (44 μmol/l) from baseline within 48 h. More sensitive markers of renal injury are desired, therefore, several biomarkers of tubular injury are under evaluation. Multiple risk factors may contribute to the development of CIN; these factors are divided into patient- and procedure-related factors. Treatment of CIN is mainly supportive, consisting mainly of careful fluid and electrolyte management, although dialysis may be required in some cases. The available treatment option makes prevention the corner stone of management. This article will review the recent evidence concerning CIN incidence, diagnosis, and prevention strategies as well as its treatment and prognostic implications.
Department of Cardiology, Heart Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
Nazar M A
NM
Mohammed
Department of Pharmacy, Heart Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
Ahmed
A
Mahfouz
Department of Nephrology, Heart Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
Katafan
K
Achkar
Department of Cardiology, Heart Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
Ihsan M
IM
Rafie
Department of Cardiology, Heart Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
Rachel
R
Hajar
Contrast-induced nephropathy; definition; management of contrast-induced nephropathy; risk scoring and stratifications