Chronic inflammation and neutrophil activation as possible causes of joint diseases in ballet dancers.
Herein, we investigated the effects of a ballet class on the kinetic profiles of creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities, cytokines, complement component 3 (C3), and the concentrations of immunoglobulin (Ig), IgA and IgM, in ballerinas. We also verified neutrophil death and ROS release. Blood samples were taken from 13 dancers before, immediately after, and 18 hours after a ballet class. The ballet class increased the plasma activities of CK-total (2.0-fold) immediately after class, while the activities of CK-cardiac muscle (1.0-fold) and LDH (3.0-fold) were observed to increase 18 hours after the class. Levels of the TNF-α , IL-1β, IgG, and IgA were not affected under the study conditions. The exercise was found to induce neutrophil apoptosis (6.0-fold) 18 hours after the ballet class. Additionally, immediately after the ballet class, the neutrophils from the ballerinas were found to be less responsive to PMA stimulus.


CONCLUSIONS
Ballet class was found to result in inflammation in dancers. The inflammation caused by the ballet class remained for 18 hours after the exercise. These findings are important in preventing the development of chronic lesions that are commonly observed in dancers, such as those with arthritis and synovitis.
Instituto de Ciências da Atividade Física e Esportes, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, Rua Galvão Bueno 868, 13°Andar, Bloco B, 01506-000 Liberdade, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Leandro da Silva
Lda S
Borges
Instituto de Ciências da Atividade Física e Esportes, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, Rua Galvão Bueno 868, 13°Andar, Bloco B, 01506-000 Liberdade, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
José Ricardo
0000-0003-3141-4196
JR
Bortolon
Instituto de Ciências da Atividade Física e Esportes, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, Rua Galvão Bueno 868, 13°Andar, Bloco B, 01506-000 Liberdade, São Paulo, SP, Brazil ; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida Lineu Prestes 1524, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Vinicius Coneglian
VC
Santos
Instituto de Ciências da Atividade Física e Esportes, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, Rua Galvão Bueno 868, 13°Andar, Bloco B, 01506-000 Liberdade, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Nivaldo Ribeiro
NR
de Moura
Instituto de Ciências da Atividade Física e Esportes, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, Rua Galvão Bueno 868, 13°Andar, Bloco B, 01506-000 Liberdade, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Alexandre
A
Dermargos
Instituto de Ciências da Atividade Física e Esportes, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, Rua Galvão Bueno 868, 13°Andar, Bloco B, 01506-000 Liberdade, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Maria Fernanda
MF
Cury-Boaventura
Instituto de Ciências da Atividade Física e Esportes, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, Rua Galvão Bueno 868, 13°Andar, Bloco B, 01506-000 Liberdade, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Renata
R
Gorjão
Instituto de Ciências da Atividade Física e Esportes, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, Rua Galvão Bueno 868, 13°Andar, Bloco B, 01506-000 Liberdade, São Paulo, SP, Brazil ; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida Lineu Prestes 1524, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Tania Cristina
TC
Pithon-Curi
Instituto de Ciências da Atividade Física e Esportes, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, Rua Galvão Bueno 868, 13°Andar, Bloco B, 01506-000 Liberdade, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Elaine
E
Hatanaka
D000328:Adult; D002470:Cell Survival; D003176:Complement C3 / Q000378:metabolism; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D003615:Dancing; D005260:Female; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D006801:Humans; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000097:blood; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007249:Inflammation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007592:Joint Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D018375:Neutrophil Activation; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000166:cytology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
D003176:Complement C3; D016207:Cytokines; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D003402:Creatine Kinase