Host defence related responses in bovine milk during an experimentally induced Streptococcus uberis infection.
BACKGROUND
Milk contains a range of proteins of moderate or low abundance that contribute to host defence. Characterisation of these proteins, the extent to which their abundance is regulated by pathogenic stimuli, and the variability of their response between and within individual animals would facilitate a better understanding of the molecular basis for this important function of milk.


RESULTS
We have characterised the host defence proteins in bovine milk and their responses to intra-mammary infection by a common Gram positive mastitis pathogen, Streptococcus uberis, using a combination of 2D gel electrophoresis and GeLC mass spectrometry. In total, 68 host defence-associated proteins were identified, 18 of which have a direct antimicrobial function, 23 of which have a pathogen-recognition function, and 27 of which have a role in modulating inflammatory or immune signalling. The responsiveness of seven proteins was quantified by western blotting; validating the proteomic analyses, quantifying the within- and between animal variability of the responses, and demonstrating the complexity and specificity of the responses to this pathogen.


CONCLUSIONS
These data provide a foundation for understanding the role of milk in host-microbe interaction. Furthermore they provide candidate biomarkers for mastitis diagnosis, and will inform efforts to develop dairy products with improved health-promoting properties.
Dairy Foods, AgResearch, Ruakura Research Centre, Private Bag 3123, Hamilton, New Zealand.
Grant A
GA
Smolenski
Dairy Foods, AgResearch, Ruakura Research Centre, Private Bag 3123, Hamilton, New Zealand.
Marita K
MK
Broadhurst
SciLactis Ltd, Waikato Innovation Park, Hamilton, New Zealand.
Kerst
K
Stelwagen
Dairy Foods, AgResearch, Ruakura Research Centre, Private Bag 3123, Hamilton, New Zealand.
Brendan J
BJ
Haigh
Dairy Foods, AgResearch, Ruakura Research Centre, Private Bag 3123, Hamilton, New Zealand.
Thomas T
TT
Wheeler
Bovine; Host defence; Mammary; Mastitis