How hepatitis C virus invades hepatocytes: the mystery of viral entry.
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a global health problem, with an estimated 170 million people being chronically infected. HCV cell entry is a complex multi-step process, involving several cellular factors that trigger virus uptake into the hepatocytes. The high- density lipoprotein receptor scavenger receptor class B type I, tetraspanin CD81, tight junction protein claudin-1, and occludin are the main receptors that mediate the initial step of HCV infection. In addition, the virus uses cell receptor tyrosine kinases as entry regulators, such as epidermal growth factor receptor and ephrin receptor A2. This review summarizes the current understanding about how cell surface molecules are involved in HCV attachment, internalization, and membrane fusion, and how host cell kinases regulate virus entry. The advances of the potential antiviral agents targeting this process are introduced.
Yong-Zhe Zhu, Xi-Jing Qian, Ping Zhao, Zhong-Tian Qi, Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
Yong-Zhe
YZ
Zhu
Yong-Zhe Zhu, Xi-Jing Qian, Ping Zhao, Zhong-Tian Qi, Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
Xi-Jing
XJ
Qian
Yong-Zhe Zhu, Xi-Jing Qian, Ping Zhao, Zhong-Tian Qi, Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
Ping
P
Zhao
Yong-Zhe Zhu, Xi-Jing Qian, Ping Zhao, Zhong-Tian Qi, Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
Zhong-Tian
ZT
Qi
D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018955:CD36 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000821:virology; D062445:Claudin-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D004705:Endocytosis; D011992:Endosomes; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000502:physiology*; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000503:physiopathology*; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D062793:Occludin / Q000378:metabolism; D010655:Phenylenediamines / Q000494:pharmacology; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D060225:Tetraspanin 28 / Q000378:metabolism; D053586:Virus Internalization
D000998:Antiviral Agents; D018955:CD36 Antigens; D062445:Claudin-1; C583499:ITX-5061; D062793:Occludin; D010655:Phenylenediamines; D013449:Sulfonamides; D060225:Tetraspanin 28; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases
Antiviral target; Hepatitis C virus; Hepatocytes; Host kinase; Receptor; Virus entry