Self-medication among adolescents aged 18 years: the 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort study.
OBJECTIVE
To estimate the point prevalence of self-medication among adolescents aged 18 years and to evaluate the type of drugs used (either over-the-counter or prescription drugs) and socioeconomic, health-related, and behavioral correlates of self-medication.


METHODS
This cross-sectional study used data from the 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort Study. Data were obtained through the administration of a questionnaire to adolescents aged 18 years. The outcome variables were point prevalence of medicine use and self-medication collected by self-report. The independent variables studied were gender, continuous medicine use, socioeconomic status, schooling, self-rated health, body mass index, and physical activity levels. Medicines were classified into therapeutic groups according to the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification system.


RESULTS
A total of 4,106 adolescents were interviewed. The point prevalence of medicine use was 41.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] 39.6-42.6), and the proportion of self-medication among medicine users was 65.1% (95% CI 62.8-67.4). The point prevalence of self-medication was 26.7% (95% CI 25.4-28.1), and it was higher among female adolescents, those more educated, and those who rated their health as poor. Out of the drugs used for self-medication (58% of all drugs used), 1,003 (78.7%) were nonprescription drugs and 271 (21.3%) were prescription drugs. The most frequently used drugs for self-medication were analgesics (56.1%), systemic antihistamines (7.4%), and anti-inflammatory and antirheumatic products (7.1%).


CONCLUSIONS
A high point prevalence of self-medication was found among adolescents, which is particularly concerning due to high use of prescription drugs for self-medication. Interventions are needed to promote rational use of medicines in this population.
Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Electronic address: andreadamaso.epi@gmail.com.
Andréa Dâmaso
AD
Bertoldi
Department of Pharmacosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Aline Lins
AL
Camargo
Institute of Biology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Marysabel Pinto Telis
MP
Silveira
Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Ana M B
AM
Menezes
Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Maria Cecília Formoso
MC
Assunção
Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Helen
H
Gonçalves
Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Pedro Curi
PC
Hallal
D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D001294:Attitude to Health; D001938:Brazil; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D004366:Nonprescription Drugs / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D055553:Prescription Drugs / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015995:Prevalence; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012651:Self Medication; D057566:Self Report; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
D004366:Nonprescription Drugs; D055553:Prescription Drugs
Adolescent; Cohort study; Pharmacoepidemiology; Self-medication