Long-term oral feeding of lutein-fortified milk increases voluntary running distance in rats.
To evaluate the effects of lutein-fortified milk administration on running exercise, a voluntary wheel-running model was performed in rats. Four-week-old F344 rats were administered test milk (10 mL/kg) daily following a 4-h fasting period, and their running distances were measured each day for a 9-week period. Total weekly running distance significantly increased from the sixth week until the end of the test period in lutein-supplemented rats (lutein-fortified milk administered) compared with control rats (vehicle administered). This increase was not apparent in rats administered lutein alone. In the lutein-fortified-milk exercise group compared with the sedentary control group, carnitine palitroyltransferase 1 (CPT-1), total AMP-activated protein kinase (tAMPK), and phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (pAMPK) contents were significantly increased in the gastrocnemius muscle, with a concomitant decrease in triglyceride and total cholesterol levels in the blood and liver. Furthermore, the lutein level in blood of lutein-administered rats significantly decreased with exercise. These results suggest that lutein-fortified milk may enhance the effect of exercise by effective utilization of lipids when combined with voluntary running.
Department of Physical Education, College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, 3-25-40, Sakurajosui, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
Megumi
M
Matsumoto
Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; Faculty of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura-machi, Ora-gun, Gunma, Japan.
Masahito
M
Hagio
Laboratory of Animal Science, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo, Kyoto, Japan.
Ryo
R
Inoue
Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
Tomohiro
T
Mitani
Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
Masako
M
Yajima
Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
Hiroshi
H
Hara
Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
Takaji
T
Yajima
D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005527:Food, Fortified; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D014975:Lutein / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008892:Milk / Q000378:metabolism*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism
D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; D014975:Lutein