Lupus - the cold, hard facts.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem chronic disease with a multitude of clinical presentations. We review and synthesize how an environmental insult (exposure to extreme cold for a short duration) and endogenous (antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, SLE vasculitis) insults in a susceptible young female with lupus (peripheral arterial disease, smoking, SLE) led to a perfect storm resulting in catastrophic injuries (frostbite).
Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; and Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada newton.wong@medportal.ca.
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Wong
Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; and Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.
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Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; and Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.
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Ibrahim
Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; and Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.
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Slessarev
Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; and Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; and Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.
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Chandran
D000328:Adult; D003080:Cold Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005528:Foot / Q000473:pathology*; D005627:Frostbite / Q000209:etiology*; D005734:Gangrene / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000150:complications*
APLAS; SLE; frostbite; vasculitis