The role of soluble fibrinogen-like protein 2 in transplantation: protection or damage.
Soluble fibrinogen-like protein 2 (sFGL2) is the soluble form of fibrinogen like protein 2. As a novel immunoregulatory molecule, sFGL2 is secreted mainly by T cells, especially regulatory T cells, and exerts an immunoregulatory property rather than a prothrombinase function in the immune system. sFGL2 changes not only the proliferation and differentiation of T cells but also the maturation of antigen presenting cells. Besides its innate and adaptive immunoregulatory functions, sFGL2 also induces apoptosis in cells including renal tubular epithelial cells through Fcγ receptors (FcγRs). It may affect transplantation via regulation of immunity and induction of apoptosis of different cells in a spatiotemporal manner. Here, we review the research progresses on sFGL2 including its structure, functions, and molecular mechanisms via which sFGL2 might affect organ transplantation, as well as discuss its characteristics and potential of becoming a therapeutic target in patients with rejection.
1 Biomedical Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. 2 Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. 3 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. 4 Department of Respirology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. 5 Qingpu Branch Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. 6 Address correspondence to: Tongyu Zhu, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China; Qingpu Branch Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 1158 Gongyuan Road East, Shanghai, 201700, People's Republic of China.
Lingyan
L
Wang
Cheng
C
Yang
Ming
M
Xu
Mushuang
M
Hu
Xiangdong
X
Wang
Tongyu
T
Zhu
D056704:Adaptive Immunity; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D016377:Organ Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011487:Protein Conformation; D017452:Receptors, IgG / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
C095202:FGL2 protein, human; D017452:Receptors, IgG; D005340:Fibrinogen