Effects of ethanolic extract of Fumaria indica L. on rat cognitive dysfunctions.
Fumaria indica L. in Ayurveda is known as Parpat and traditionally used to calm the brain. Due to lack of scientific validation, 50% ethanolic extract of F. indica L. (FI) was evaluated for putative cognitive function modulating effects. Suspension of FI in 0.3% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was orally administered to rats during the entire experimental period of 16 days at dose levels of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/day. Piracetam was used as standard nootropic. Behavioral models of learning and memory used were modified elevated plus-maze (M-EPM) and passive avoidance (PA) tests. Scopolamine (I mg/kg, s.c.), sodium nitrite (25 mg/kg, i.p.), and electroconvulsive shock (150 mA, 0.2 sec) were used to induce amnesia. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, muscarinic receptor density, oxidative status, and cytokine expressions [tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-10] were also assessed. Piracetam (500 mg/kg/day)-like memory-enhancing and anti-amnesic activity of the extract was observed. FI showed dose-dependent decrease in brain AChE activity and increase in muscarinic receptor density, and such was also the case for its observed beneficial effects on the brain antioxidative status. FI also inhibited the scopolamine-induced overexpression of the three tested cytokines observed in rat's brain. FI possesses nootropic-like beneficial effects on cognitive functions.
Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Pharmaceutics, Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology, Varanasi, India.
Gireesh Kumar
GK
Singh
Assistant Professor, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Geeta
G
Rai
Retired Head, Pharmacology Labs, Willmar Schwabe, Stettiner Str. 1, D-76138 Karlsruhe, Germany.
Shyam Sunder
SS
Chatterjee
Associate Professor, Department of Pharmaceutics, Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Vikas
V
Kumar
Acetylcholinesterase; Fumaria indica; Parpata; cytokines; memory; muscarinic receptors