Estimated prevalence and risk factors associated with clinical Lumpy skin disease in north-eastern Ethiopia.
Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is one of the major livestock disease problems in most areas of Ethiopia. A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2011 to February 2012 in four selected districts of Afar and Tigray regions to estimate the herd-level prevalence of LSD, and to assess its associated risk factors. Herd-owners were selected based on the willingness to provide information to complete the questionnaire. A total of 393 questionnaires were collected. Out of 393 herd-owners, 173 reported having LSD in their herds, giving an estimated herd- and animal-level prevalence of (44%, 95% CI: 37-50%) and (7.4%, 95% CI: 6-8%), respectively. Herd prevalence between regions and among the districts were significantly different (χ(2)=8, P<0.01 and χ(2)=9.9, P<0.01), respectively. The risk factors of LSD occurrence were introduction of a new animal to the herd, herd size, and utilization of communal grazing and watering points. These management characteristics cannot be readily changed in the studied area, hence, disease control should rely on a greater use of effective LSD vaccines.
Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, College of Agriculture, Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, PO Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia; Semera University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, PO Box 132, Semera, Ethiopia.
Birhanu
B
Hailu
Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, College of Agriculture, Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, PO Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia; M-team and Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Unit, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics, and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. Electronic address: tadeletolosa@yahoo.com.
Tadele
T
Tolosa
National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Center, PO Box 04, Sebeta, Ethiopia.
Getachew
G
Gari
Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, College of Agriculture, Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, PO Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia; Alamata Agricultural Research Center, PO Box 56, Alamata, Ethiopia.
Teshale
T
Teklue
Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, College of Agriculture, Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, PO Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia; Wollega University, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Shambu Campus, Shambu, Ethiopia.
Belay
B
Beyene
D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005002:Ethiopia / Q000453:epidemiology; D008166:Lumpy Skin Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D008167:Lumpy skin disease virus / Q000502:physiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012621:Seasons; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
Afar; Cattle; Ethiopia; Herd level prevalence; Lumpy skin disease; Risk factors; Tigray