The endometriotic tissue lining the internal surface of endometrioma: hormonal, genetic, epigenetic status, and gene expression profile.
Ovarian endometriomas are found in a consistent proportion of patients with endometriosis and are associated with a more severe form of the disease. The endometriotic tissue lining the inside of the endometrioma has been extensively studied over the years mostly for the need to compare the molecular and cellular characteristics of eutopic and ectopic endometria. Several aspects of hormonal regulation, response to local inflammation, carcinogenesis, and modifications of the local environment have been investigated in order to characterize also the processes associated with peritoneal endometriosis. In this review, we have summarized the current knowledge of pathophysiology of endometrioma, with a particular focus on the cellular components lining the internal surface of the cyst in order to provide a comprehensive overview of the hormonal, genetic, epigenetic, and gene expression profiles of this essential part of the cyst.
Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Reproductive Sciences Laboratory, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy.
Ana Maria
AM
Sanchez
Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy vigano.paola@hsr.it.
Paola
P
Viganò
Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Neonatology, Fondazione Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy.
Edgardo
E
Somigliana
Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy.
Raffaella
R
Cioffi
Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Reproductive Sciences Laboratory, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy.
Paola
P
Panina-Bordignon
Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute University, Milano, Italy.
Massimo
M
Candiani
D000818:Animals; D010064:Embryo Implantation; D004715:Endometriosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004717:Endometrium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005819:Genetic Markers; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006728:Hormones / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D010641:Phenotype; D012307:Risk Factors
D005819:Genetic Markers; D006728:Hormones
endometrioma; gene expression; oxidative status