Recombination in the evolution of enterovirus C species sub-group that contains types CVA-21, CVA-24, EV-C95, EV-C96 and EV-C99.
Genetic recombination is considered to be a very frequent phenomenon among enteroviruses (Family Picornaviridae, Genus Enterovirus). However, the recombination patterns may differ between enterovirus species and between types within species. Enterovirus C (EV-C) species contains 21 types. In the capsid coding P1 region, the types of EV-C species cluster further into three sub-groups (designated here as A-C). In this study, the recombination pattern of EV-C species sub-group B that contains types CVA-21, CVA-24, EV-C95, EV-C96 and EV-C99 was determined using partial 5'UTR and VP1 sequences of enterovirus strains isolated during poliovirus surveillance and previously published complete genome sequences. Several inter-typic recombination events were detected. Furthermore, the analyses suggested that inter-typic recombination events have occurred mainly within the distinct sub-groups of EV-C species. Only sporadic recombination events between EV-C species sub-group B and other EV-C sub-groups were detected. In addition, strict recombination barriers were inferred for CVA-21 genotype C and CVA-24 variant strains. These results suggest that the frequency of inter-typic recombinations, even within species, may depend on the phylogenetic position of the given viruses.
National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland; Department of Virology, Haartman Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Teemu
T
Smura
National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland.
Soile
S
Blomqvist
Department of Virology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Tytti
T
Vuorinen
M.P. Chumakov Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
Olga
O
Ivanova
Republican Research and Practical Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Minsk, Republic of Belarus.
Elena
E
Samoilovich
National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland.
Haider
H
Al-Hello
National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland.
Carita
C
Savolainen-Kopra
National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland.
Tapani
T
Hovi
National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland.
Merja
M
Roivainen
D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D030015:Enterovirus C, Human / Q000235:genetics*; D004769:Enterovirus Infections / Q000821:virology; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D016679:Genome, Viral; D010802:Phylogeny; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D011995:Recombination, Genetic
D036022:Capsid Proteins; D012367:RNA, Viral