Cell atavistic transition: Paired box 2 re-expression occurs in mature tubular epithelial cells during acute kidney injury and is regulated by Angiotensin II.
The regeneration of tubular epithelial cells (TECs) after acute kidney injury (AKI) is crucial for the recovery of renal structure and function. The mechanism by which quiescent TECs re-obtain a potential to regenerate remains unknown. In this study, we observed a transient re-expression of embryonic gene Paired box 2 (Pax2) in adult rat TECs in vivo during ischemia-reperfusion induced AKI and most Pax2 positive TECs co-expressed kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), a tubular injury marker. The re-expression of Pax2 was accompanied by increased levels of intrarenal Angiotensin II, which is a crucial injury factor of AKI. Furthermore, we also found a temporary re-expression of Pax2 in NRK-52E cells under the stimulation of Angiotensin II. This stimulatory effect could be blocked by PD123319 (Angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) inhibitor) and AG490 (Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2) inhibitor). As Pax2 is essential for the phenotypic conversion from mesenchymal stem cells to TECs during kidney development, we proposed that the re-expression of Pax2 in mature TECs may be an indicator of "atavistic" transition which mimics but reverses the processes of development of TECs. This could be proved by that a progenitor marker, CD24, was also found to be transiently expressed shortly after the expression of Pax2 in NRK-52E cells stimulated with Angiotensin II. The expression of CD24 was also suppressed by PD123319 and AG490. Moreover, knockdown of Pax2 by RNA interference could significantly reduce the expression of CD24 in NRK-52E cells stimulated with Angiotension II. Those findings suggest that mature TECs can trans-differentiate into progenitor-like cells by "atavistic transition", which may participate in the recovery of tissue structure and Pax2 may play a pivotal role in this process. That might have important implications for further understanding of tubular regeneration after injury.
Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Yushen
Y
Jiang
Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Tang
T
Jiang
Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Juan
J
Ouyang
Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Qingsong
Q
Zhou
Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Yanlan
Y
Liang
Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Yingpeng
Y
Cui
Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Peisong
P
Chen
Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Bin
B
Huang
D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D051927:CD24 Antigen / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002460:Cell Line; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D053614:Janus Kinase 2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007684:Kidney Tubules / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D051762:PAX2 Transcription Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D020032:Tyrphostins / Q000494:pharmacology; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D051927:CD24 Antigen; D007093:Imidazoles; D051762:PAX2 Transcription Factor; C551986:PAX2 protein, rat; D011725:Pyridines; D020032:Tyrphostins; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; C095512:alpha-cyano-(3,4-dihydroxy)-N-benzylcinnamide; D000804:Angiotensin II; C073402:PD 123319; C507927:Jak2 protein, rat; D053614:Janus Kinase 2