title: Effect of intracameral carbachol in phacoemulsification surgery on macular morphology and retinal vessel caliber.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of intracameral carbachol in phacoemulsification surgery on central macular thickness (CMT), total macular volume (TMV) and retinal vessel caliber (RVC).
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective consecutive case series, 82 patients underwent uneventful phacoemulsification and in-the-bag intraocular lens implantation. Unlike patients in the control group (43 eyes), patients in the study group (42 eyes) were injected with intracameral 0.01% carbachol during surgery. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used to analyze the parameters of CMT, TMV and RVC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On the first postoperative day, mean CMT and TMV decreased markedly in the carbachol group, though these values did not change significantly in the control group. During follow-up visits, no statistically significant differences between the groups occurred regarding changes in mean CMT (p = 0.25, first day; p = 0.80, first week; p = 0.95, first month). However, change in mean TMV between groups on the first postoperative day was statistically significant (p = 0.01, first day; p = 0.96, first week; p = 0.68, first month). RVC values were similar on the preoperative and postoperative first days in both groups (p > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggest that the effect of intracameral carbachol on macular OCT is related to pharmacological effects, as well as optic events (e.g. miosis).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intracameral carbachol given during cataract surgery decreases macular thickness and volume in the early postoperative period but does not exert any gross effect on RVC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Pamukkale University , Camlaralti Mahallesi, Denizli , Turkey and.
authors.forename: Gökhan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pekel
authors.forename: Ramazan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yagci
authors.forename: Semra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Acer
authors.forename: Ebru Nevin
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Cetin
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cevik
authors.forename: Alper
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kasikci
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002217:Carbachol / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019654:Lens Implantation, Intraocular; D008266:Macula Lutea / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008916:Miotics / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018918:Phacoemulsification; D012161:Retinal Artery / Q000187:drug effects; D012169:Retinal Vein / Q000187:drug effects; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence
chemical_list: D008916:Miotics; D002217:Carbachol
keywords: Carbachol; intracameral injection; macula; phacoemulsification