title: Video-based method of quantifying performance and instrument motion during simulated phonosurgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the use of the Video-Based Phonomicrosurgery Instrument Tracking System to collect instrument position data during simulated phonomicrosurgery and calculate motion metrics using these data. We used this system to determine if novice subject motion metrics improved over 1 week of training.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten subjects performed simulated surgical tasks once per day for 5 days. Instrument position data were collected and used to compute motion metrics (path length, depth perception, and motion smoothness). Data were analyzed to determine if motion metrics improved with practice time. Task outcome was also determined each day, and relationships between task outcome and motion metrics were used to evaluate the validity of motion metrics as indicators of surgical performance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant decreases over time were observed for path length (P < .001), depth perception (P < .001), and task outcome (P < .001). No significant change was observed for motion smoothness. Significant relationships were observed between task outcome and path length (P < .001), depth perception (P < .001), and motion smoothness (P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our system can estimate instrument trajectory and provide quantitative descriptions of surgical performance. It may be useful for evaluating phonomicrosurgery performance. Path length and depth perception may be particularly useful indicators.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Conroy
authors.forename: Ketan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Surender
authors.forename: Zhixian
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Geng
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Seth
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dailey
authors.forename: Jack
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013517:Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014741:Video Recording; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Phonomicrosurgery; Video-Based Phonomicrosurgery Instrument Tracking System; simulated model; surgical assessment; surgical training
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