title: Explicit and implicit assessment of gender roles.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gender roles have been assessed by explicit measures and, recently, by implicit measures. In the former case, the theoretical assumptions have been questioned by empirical results. To solve this contradiction, we carried out two concatenated studies based on a relatively well-founded theoretical and empirical approach.
  
  
  METHODS
  The first study was designed to obtain a sample of genderized activities of the domestic sphere by means of an explicit assessment. Forty-two raters (22 women and 20 men, balanced on age, sex, and level of education) took part as raters. In the second study, an implicit assessment of gender roles was carried out, focusing on the response time given to the sample activities obtained from the first study. A total of 164 adults (90 women and 74 men, mean age = 43), with experience in living with a partner and balanced on age, sex, and level of education, participated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Taken together, results show that explicit and implicit assessment converge. The current social reality shows that there is still no equity in some gender roles in the domestic sphere.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These consistent results show considerable theoretical and empirical robustness, due to the double implicit and explicit assessment.
authors.affiliation: Universidad Complutense de Madrid.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fernández
authors.forename: M Ángeles
authors.initials: MÁ
authors.lastname: Quiroga
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Escorial
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Privado
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001290:Attitude; D003469:Culture; D004522:Educational Status; D005195:Family Relations; D005260:Female; D005783:Gender Identity; D006796:Household Work; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008571:Men / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D008960:Models, Psychological; D011581:Psychological Tests; D012380:Role; D063507:Sexism; D012927:Social Control, Informal; D013030:Spain; D013240:Stereotyping; D013997:Time Factors; D014930:Women / Q000523:psychology*; D017132:Workplace