title: Therapeutic applications of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in movement disorders: a review.
abstract: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is emerging as a valuable adjunctive therapeutic modality in movement disorders. It is a non-invasive technique of repeated stimulation of the cerebral cortex by a train of magnetic pulses. The therapeutic effect of rTMS was first noted in depression. Later several researchers have investigated the role of rTMS in various movement disorders, notably Parkinson's disease, dystonia, Tourette's syndrome etc. The rTMS protocols used in these studies vary widely, lacks uniformity and often the results are not consistent. The optimal rTMS parameters for each disorder are yet to be established. This review discusses the current knowledge on the therapeutic applications of rTMS in various movement disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bangalore 560029, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Nitish
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kamble
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bangalore 560029, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Netravathi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bangalore 560029, Karnataka, India. Electronic address: pal.pramod@rediffmail.com.
authors.forename: Pramod Kumar
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Pal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019054:Evoked Potentials, Motor / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000379:methods; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Cortical excitability; Intracortical facilitation; Intracortical inhibition; Motor evoked potential; Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation; Silent period