title: Ginsenoside metabolite compound k alleviates adjuvant-induced arthritis by suppressing T cell activation.
abstract: Ginsenoside metabolite compound K (CK) is the degradation product of ginsenosides in the intestine by bacteria and has many pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory effects. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory and autoimmune disease characterized by chronic synovial inflammation and articular damage in multiple joints. However, the effect of CK on RA remains unclear. In this study, the effect of CK on adjuvant arthritis (AA) and the underlying mechanisms that focused on T cell activation were investigated. Complete Freund's adjuvant was used to induce AA rats. After the onset of arthritis, rats were given CK (10, 40, and 160 mg/kg) or MTX (0.5 mg/kg). To evaluate the severity of arthritis, arthritis index and paw swelling were evaluated every 3 days. Histopathology of joint and spleen were assayed. Subsets of T cells including CD4+CD62L+ (naïve T cells), CD4+CD25+ (activated T cells), and CD4+CD25 + Foxp3+ cells (Treg) and CD25 expression were assayed by flow cytometry. Proliferation of T cell was evaluated by (3)H-TdR. IL-2 level was assayed by ELISA. We found that CK attenuated arthritis index and paw swelling, restored the histopathological change of joint and spleen, downregulated the percentage of activated T cells, and upregulated naïve T cells and Treg cells in spleen. CK significantly suppressed T cell activation (as indicated by T cell proliferation, CD25 expression, and IL-2 production). In conclusion, our results suggest that CK alleviates autoimmune arthritis by suppressing T cell activation.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Key Laboratory of Antiinflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, 230032, Hefei, China.
authors.forename: Jingyu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Huaxun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Qingtong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Kangkang
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Shasha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Pingfan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Jingjing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Wuyi
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Qiong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Lihua
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yujing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Yunfang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Aiwu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wei
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001169:Arthritis, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005620:Freund's Adjuvant / Q000633:toxicity; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D005894:Panax; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D005620:Freund's Adjuvant; D036145:Ginsenosides; C112772:ginsenoside compound K
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