title: Identifying potential clinical syndromes of hepatocellular carcinoma using PSO-based hierarchical feature selection algorithm.
abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors. Clinical symptoms attributable to HCC are usually absent, thus often miss the best therapeutic opportunities. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) plays an active role in diagnosis and treatment of HCC. In this paper, we proposed a particle swarm optimization-based hierarchical feature selection (PSOHFS) model to infer potential syndromes for diagnosis of HCC. Firstly, the hierarchical feature representation is developed by a three-layer tree. The clinical symptoms and positive score of patient are leaf nodes and root in the tree, respectively, while each syndrome feature on the middle layer is extracted from a group of symptoms. Secondly, an improved PSO-based algorithm is applied in a new reduced feature space to search an optimal syndrome subset. Based on the result of feature selection, the causal relationships of symptoms and syndromes are inferred via Bayesian networks. In our experiment, 147 symptoms were aggregated into 27 groups and 27 syndrome features were extracted. The proposed approach discovered 24 syndromes which obviously improved the diagnosis accuracy. Finally, the Bayesian approach was applied to represent the causal relationships both at symptom and syndrome levels. The results show that our computational model can facilitate the clinical diagnosis of HCC.
authors.affiliation: School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China.
authors.forename: Zhiwei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China ; The Advanced Research Institute of Intelligent Sensing Network, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China ; The Key Laboratory of Embedded System and Service Computing, Tongji University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201804, China.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001185:Artificial Intelligence; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002681:China; D020000:Decision Support Systems, Clinical; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis*; D010257:Paraneoplastic Syndromes / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis*; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
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