title: Hybrid carbon nanoparticles modified core-shell silica: a high efficiency carbon-based phase for hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography.
abstract: Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) is a fast growing separation technique for hydrophilic and polar analytes. In this work, we combine the unique selectivity of carbon surfaces with the high efficiency of core-shell silica. First, 5 μm core-shell silica is electrostatically coated with 105 nm cationic latex bearing quaternary ammonium groups. Then 50 nm anionic carbon nanoparticles are anchored onto the surface of the latex coated core-shell silica particles to produce a hybrid carbon-silica phase. The hybrid phase shows different selectivity than ten previously classified HILIC column chemistries and 36 stationary phases. The hybrid HILIC phase has shape selectivity for positional isomeric pairs (phthalic/isophthalic and 1-naphthoic/2-naphthoic acids). Fast and high efficiency HILIC separations of biologically important carboxylates, phenols and pharmaceuticals are reported with efficiencies up to 85,000 plates m(-1). Reduced plate height of 1.9 (95,000 plates m(-1)) can be achieved. The hybrid phase is stable for at least 3 months of usage and storage under typical HILIC eluents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Gunning/Lemieux Chemistry Centre, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada.
authors.forename: Mohammed E A
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Gunning/Lemieux Chemistry Centre, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada.
authors.forename: M Farooq
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Wahab
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Gunning/Lemieux Chemistry Centre, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada. Electronic address: charles.lucy@ualberta.ca.
authors.forename: Charles A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Lucy
mesh_terms: D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D002264:Carboxylic Acids / Q000032:analysis; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D007536:Isomerism; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000032:analysis; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D002264:Carboxylic Acids; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D010636:Phenols; D002244:Carbon; D012822:Silicon Dioxide
keywords: Carbon nanoparticles; Core–shell silica; High efficiency; Hydrophilic interaction chromatography; Mixed-mode; Selectivity