title: Human placental extract reduces allergic inflammation in a murine allergic rhinitis model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study, we addressed the immunotherapeutic potential of human placental extract (HPE) in a murine allergic rhinitis (AR) model and explored its immunological mechanisms.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vivo study using an animal model.
  
  
  METHODS
  HPE was administered to BALB/c mice before sensitization with allergen (Dermatophagoides farinae [Derf]) (pre-S group) or after allergen challenge (post-C group). The groups were compared with Derf-treated mice that received no HPE (Derf group) and phosphate buffered saline (PBS)-treated mice (control). Allergic symptom scores, eosinophil counts, and serum Derf-specific IgE levels were measured. mRNA expression levels of interferon (IFN)-γ, T-bet, interleukin (IL)-4, GATA-3, and Foxp3 in nasal mucosa were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. IFN-γ, T-bet, IL-4, and GATA-3 were confirmed by Western blotting analysis. Spleen CD4(+) CD25(+) Foxp3(+) T cells were detected using flow cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rubbing motions, serum Derf-specific IgE, GATA-3 mRNA levels, IL-4 mRNA levels, and tissue eosinophil counts were decreased in both pre-S and post-C groups (all P < 0.05). Western blots showed decreased expression of GATA-3 and IL-4 in both pre-S and post-C groups as compared to the Derf group. An increased percentage of CD4(+) CD25(+) Foxp3(+) T cells and an increased level of Foxp3 mRNA were found in pre-S and post-C groups as compared to those in the Derf group (all P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both prophylactic and therapeutic treatments with HPE significantly reduced allergic inflammation in nasal mucosa and had the potential to induce regulatory T cells in a murine model of AR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Boo-Young
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hyang Rim
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Ji-Hyeon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Sung Won
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Soo Whan
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000276:immunology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010924:Placental Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D065631:Rhinitis, Allergic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; C498833:Foxp3 protein, mouse; D010924:Placental Extracts; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D007073:Immunoglobulin E
keywords: Allergic rhinitis; allergic rhinitis model; human placental extract; regulatory T cells