title: Motivational interviewing with American Indian mothers to prevent early childhood caries: study design and methodology of a randomized control trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This randomized control trial assesses the effectiveness of motivational interviewing (MI) to encourage behavior change in new mothers relating to caries prevention when caring for their newborn American Indian (AI) infants and young AI children.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study is a randomized control trial. We hypothesize that when motivational interviewing is added to enhanced community oral health education services, the new mothers will achieve greater reduction of caries experience in their AI children compared to those who are receiving enhanced community services (ECS) alone. Six hundred mothers or caregivers of AI newborns will be enrolled into the study and randomized to one of the two intervention groups over a two-year period. The children will be followed until the child's third birthday. A cost analysis of the study is being conducted in tandem with the enhanced community services, motivational interviewing behavioral interventions, and the dental screenings for the length of the study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The trial is now in the implementation phase and a number of threats to successful completion, such as recruitment and retention challenges in a vast, rural geographic area, have been addressed. The protocol provides a unique model for oral health interventions using principles of community-based participatory research and is currently on schedule to meet study objectives. If the study is successful, motivational interviewing intervention can be applied in AI communities to reduce ECC disparities in this disadvantaged population, with study of further applicability in other populations and settings.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01116726.
authors.affiliation: Centers for American Indian and Alaska Native Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Mail Stop F800, 13055 E, 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA. Terry.Batliner@ucdenver.edu.
authors.forename: Terrence
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Batliner
authors.forename: Karen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Fehringer
authors.forename: Tamanna
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tiwari
authors.forename: William G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Henderson
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Angela G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Brega
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Albino
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D003153:Community Health Services; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000191:economics / Q000208:ethnology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003752:Dental Health Services; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior / Q000208:ethnology*; D017048:Health Care Costs; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice / Q000208:ethnology; D006303:Health Services, Indigenous; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American / Q000523:psychology*; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008425:Maternal Behavior / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D062405:Motivational Interviewing / Q000191:economics; D009910:Oral Hygiene; D012107:Research Design; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States
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