title: Reproducibility of in-vivo OCT measured three-dimensional human lamina cribrosa microarchitecture.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the reproducibility of automated segmentation of the three-dimensional (3D) lamina cribrosa (LC) microarchitecture scanned in-vivo using optical coherence tomography (OCT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-nine eyes (8 healthy, 19 glaucoma suspects and 12 glaucoma) from 49 subjects were scanned twice using swept-source (SS-) OCT in a 3.5×3.5×3.64 mm (400×400×896 pixels) volume centered on the optic nerve head, with the focus readjusted after each scan. The LC was automatically segmented and analyzed for microarchitectural parameters, including pore diameter, pore diameter standard deviation (SD), pore aspect ratio, pore area, beam thickness, beam thickness SD, and beam thickness to pore diameter ratio. Reproducibility of the parameters was assessed by computing the imprecision of the parameters between the scans.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The automated segmentation demonstrated excellent reproducibility. All LC microarchitecture parameters had an imprecision of less or equal to 4.2%. There was little variability in imprecision with respect to diagnostic category, although the method tends to show higher imprecision amongst healthy subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The proposed automated segmentation of the LC demonstrated high reproducibility for 3D LC parameters. This segmentation analysis tool will be useful for in-vivo studies of the LC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Eye Center, Eye and Ear Institute, Ophthalmology and Visual Science Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania, United States of America; Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Eye Center, Eye and Ear Institute, Ophthalmology and Visual Science Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
authors.forename: Jessica E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Nevins
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Eye Center, Eye and Ear Institute, Ophthalmology and Visual Science Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
authors.forename: Zach
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Nadler
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Eye Center, Eye and Ear Institute, Ophthalmology and Visual Science Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
authors.forename: Gadi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wollstein
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Eye Center, Eye and Ear Institute, Ophthalmology and Visual Science Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania, United States of America; Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Eye Center, Eye and Ear Institute, Ophthalmology and Visual Science Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania, United States of America; Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Bilonick
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Eye Center, Eye and Ear Institute, Ophthalmology and Visual Science Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania, United States of America; Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
authors.forename: Larry
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kagemann
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Eye Center, Eye and Ear Institute, Ophthalmology and Visual Science Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania, United States of America; Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
authors.forename: Ian A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Sigal
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America.
authors.forename: Ireneusz
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Grulkowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America.
authors.forename: Jonathan J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America; Department of Computer Science, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Nuremberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kraus
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America.
authors.forename: Chen D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Science, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Nuremberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hornegger
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America.
authors.forename: James G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Eye Center, Eye and Ear Institute, Ophthalmology and Visual Science Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania, United States of America; Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
authors.forename: Joel S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Schuman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D009898:Optic Disk / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000473:pathology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence
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