title: On the frontier between nucleophilic aromatic substitution and catalysis.
abstract: A study on the arylation of heteroatom nucleophiles by using activated haloarenes, with or without metal catalysts, is reported. A discussion concerning the involvement of traces of metals is presented, supported by an unexpected ''ligand'' effect in the absence of added metal catalysts. We believe that the frontier between nucleophilic aromatic substitution and catalysis will likely prove to be much harder to delimit than is generally thought.
authors.affiliation: Département de Chimie, Pavillon Alexandre-Vachon, Université Laval, 1045, avenue de la Médecine, Québec (Qc), G1V 0A6 (Canada); CNRS, UMR 5253, AM2N, Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier ENSCM, 8, rue de l'École Normale, F-34296 Montpellier Cedex 5 (France).
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pichette Drapeau
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ollevier
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taillefer
keywords: aryl halides; catalysis; diaryl ether; nucleophilic aromatic substitution; transition metals