title: Psychopathology and psychiatric co-morbidities in patients seeking rhinoplasty for cosmetic reasons.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the study was to examine psychopathological traits and psychiatric co-morbidities in seekers of cosmetic rhinoplasty.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty persons seeking cosmetic rhinoplasty and 50 control subjects were admitted to the study. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Symptom Checklist-90 [Revised] (SCL-90-R) were administered to people who requested cosmetic rhinoplasty and control subjects. All participants were also screened by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-(SCIDI/CV, SCID-II).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirteen cosmetic rhinoplasty seekers [CRS] (26%) and three control subjects (6%) had at least one psychiatric diagnosis. There was a significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.006). Beck depression inventory (p = 0.002) and BAI (p = 0.046) levels above the cut-off point were significantly higher in the CRS group than in the normal control. Somatoform disorders were statistically higher in the CRS than control group (p = 0.007). Nine CRS (18%) and two control subjects (4%) had at least one personality disorder. There were differences between the two groups (p = 0.025). The average of SCL-90-R was significantly higher in the CRS than in the control subjects (p < 0.001). The most prevalent somatoform disorders of the CRS were six with body dysmorphic disorder [BDD] (12%). The most prevalent personality disorders of the CRS were three with avoidant (6%) and three with narcissistic (6%) personality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Assessment of detailed psychopathological aspects and psychiatric co-morbidities could help to define the clinical profile of people requesting cosmetic rhinoplasty in cosmetic surgery settings. Research into these factors may be important as it is essential to detect crucial problems such as personality disorders and BDD before surgery.
authors.affiliation: Bagcilar Education and Research Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Belli
authors.affiliation: Bagcilar Education and Research Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Istanbul, Turkey. drseydabelli@gmail.com.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Belli
authors.affiliation: Bagcilar Education and Research Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ural
authors.affiliation: Bagcilar Education and Research Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akbudak
authors.affiliation: Bagcilar Education and Research Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Oktay
authors.affiliation: Yuzuncu Yil University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Van, Turkey.
authors.forename: E F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Akyuz Cim
authors.affiliation: Professor Mazhar Osman Uzman Bakirkoy Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatry, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tabo
authors.affiliation: Bagcilar Education and Research Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Umar
authors.affiliation: Bagcilar Education and Research Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pehlivan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000523:psychology*; D014421:Turkey