title: Characterization and neutralization of Nemopilema nomurai (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae) jellyfish venom using polyclonal antibody.
abstract: Jellyfish stings have often caused serious health concerns for sea bathers especially in tropical waters. In the coastal areas of Korea, China and Japan, the blooming and stinging accidents of poisonous jellyfish species have recently increased, including Nemopilema nomurai. We have generated a polyclonal antibody against N. nomurai jellyfish venom (NnV) by the immunization of white rabbits with NnV antigen. In the present study, the antibody has been characterized for its neutralizing effect against NnV. At first, the presence of NnV polyclonal antibody has been confirmed from the immunized rabbit serum by Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Then, the neutralizing activities of the polyclonal antibody have been investigated using cell-based toxicity test, hemolysis assay, and mice lethality test. When the polyclonal antibody was preincubated with NnV, it shows a high effectiveness in neutralizing the NnV toxicities in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, we explored proteomic analyses using 2-D SDS-PAGE and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry to illustrate the molecular identities of the jellyfish venom. From this, 18 different protein families have been identified as jellyfish venom-derived proteins; the main findings of which are matrix metalloproteinase-14, astacin-like metalloprotease toxin 3 precursor. It is expected that the present results would have contributed to our understandings of the envenomation by N. nomurai, their treatment and some valuable knowledge on the pathological processes of the jellyfish stinging.
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: Changkeun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: Dae-Yong
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kwang-Il
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: Min-Jung
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Pyo
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: Yunwi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Heo
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyunkyoung
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: Gon Sup
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, South Korea; Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, South Korea. Electronic address: ekim@gnu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Euikyung
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000737:chemistry*; D000997:Antivenins / Q000737:chemistry*; D003064:Cnidarian Venoms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D051379:Mice; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D011817:Rabbits; D018675:Toxicity Tests
chemical_list: D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D000997:Antivenins; D003064:Cnidarian Venoms
keywords: Jellyfish venom; Mass spectrometry; Nemopilema nomurai; Neutralizing antibody; Protective effect