title: The potential impact of family history of metabolic syndrome and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: In a highly endogamous population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to determine the potential impact of positive family history of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) among two generations, on developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and the potential relation of consanguineous marriage among patients with MetS to the risk of developing T2DM among a sample of Qataris.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary healthcare (PHC) centers.
  
  
  METHODS
  The survey and measurement were conducted from April 2011 to December 2012 among Qatari nationals above 20 years of age. Of the 2,182 subjects, who were approached to participate in the study, 1,552 (71%) gave their consent. Face-to-face interviews were conducted using a structured questionnaire followed by anthropometric measurements and laboratory tests. Metabolic syndrome was defined using the National Cholesterol Education Program-Third Adult Treatment Panel (ATP III) as well as International Diabetes Federation (IDF).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, the prevalence of MetS was 26.2% according to ATP III and 36.9% according to IDF (P < 0.0001). The mean age of MetS patients with T2DM was significantly higher than those without T2DM (Mean 48 ± 9.9 vs. 42.5 ± 9.2; P < 0.001). The proportion of females was higher among MetS patients with T2DM as compared to those without T2DM (61% vs. 51%; P = 0.053). In addition, there were significant differences between MetS patients with and without DM in terms of co-morbidities of hypertension, coronary heart disease, and high cholesterol. The proportion of MetS patients with positive family history for MetS was significantly higher in MetS patients with T2DM as compared to those without T2DM (46.7% vs. 33.8%; P = 0.009). The proportion of positive family history of MetS among fathers (35% vs. 21.9%; P = 0.005), mothers (30.5% vs. 18.8%; P = 0.008), maternal aunt (18.3% vs. 11.2%; P = 0.055), and maternal grand father (19.5% vs. 10%; P = 0.010) were significantly higher in MetS patients with T2DM as compared to the counterpart. The proportion of consanguineous marriages was almost two times higher among MetS patients with T2DM as compared to those without T2DM (80.9% vs. 41.9%; P < 0.001). The proportion of MetS patients with T2DM was lower than MetS patients without DM below 45 years, but after 45 years, the proportion of MetS patients with T2DM remained higher than their counterparts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Family history of MetS among parents, maternal aunt, maternal grandfather, and consanguineous marriages among patients of MetS are significantly associated with the development of T2DM in Qatar. These results support the necessity of earlier screening for T2DM among MetS patients with positive family history of MetS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Hamad Medical Corporation, London, UK ; Department of Public Health, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar, London, UK ; Department of Evidence for Population Health Unit, School of Epidemiology and Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: Abdulbari
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bener
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar, London, UK.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Darwish
authors.affiliation: Department of Qatar Diabetic Association and Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar, London, UK.
authors.forename: Abdulla O A
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Al-Hamaq
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Hamad Medical Corporation, London, UK ; Department of Public Health, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar, London, UK.
authors.forename: Mohammad T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Yousafzai
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Eman A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Nasralla
keywords: Consanguinity; correlates; diabetes mellitus; genetics; metabolic syndrome; prevalence
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