title: Fluorographites (CF(x))n exhibit improved heterogeneous electron-transfer rates with increasing level of fluorination: towards the sensing of biomolecules.
abstract: Halogenated sp(2) materials are of high interest owing to their important electronic and electrochemical properties. Although methods for graphite and graphene fluorination have been extensively researched, the fundamental electrochemical properties of fluorinated graphite are not well established. In this paper, the electrochemistry of three fluorographite materials of different carbon-to-fluorine ratio were studied: (CF(0.33))n, (CF(0.47))n, and (CF(0.75))n. Our findings reveal that the carbon-to-fluorine ratio of fluorographite will impact the electrochemical performance. Faster heterogeneous electron-transfer (HET) rates and lowered oxidation potentials for ascorbic acid and uric acid are progressively obtained with increasing fluorine content. The fluorographite (CF(0.75))n was in fact found to exhibit the most improved electrochemical performances with the fastest HET rates and significantly lowered overpotentials in the oxidation of ascorbic acid. Analytical parameters such as sensitivity and linearity were subsequently investigated by applying the fluorographite (CF(0.75))n in the analysis of ascorbic acid and uric acid, which can be simultaneously detected. We determined good linear responses towards the detection of both ascorbic and uric acid. Fluorographites outperform graphites in sensing applications, which will have a profound impact on applications of fluorographites and fluorographene in sensing and biosensing.
authors.affiliation: Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link 637371, Singapore (Singapore).
authors.forename: Xinyi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chia
authors.forename: Adriano
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ambrosi
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Otyepka
authors.forename: Radek
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zbořil
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pumera
mesh_terms: D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques; D004566:Electrodes; D004579:Electron Transport; D005461:Fluorine / Q000737:chemistry*; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry*; D054879:Halogenation; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D014527:Uric Acid; D005461:Fluorine; D006108:Graphite; D001205:Ascorbic Acid
keywords: electrochemistry; electron transfer; fluorographites; graphene; sensors