title: Bioplasmonic calligraphy for multiplexed label-free biodetection.
abstract: Printable multi-marker biochips that enable simultaneous quantitative detection of multiple target biomarkers in point-of-care and resource-limited settings are a holy grail in the field of biodiagnostics. However, preserving the functionality of biomolecules, which are routinely employed as recognition elements, during conventional printing approaches remains challenging. In this article, we introduce a simple yet powerful approach, namely plasmonic calligraphy, for realizing multiplexed label-free bioassays. Plasmonic calligraphy involves a regular ballpoint pen filled with biofunctionalized gold nanorods as plasmonic ink for creating isolated test domains on paper substrates. Biofriendly plasmonic calligraphy approach serves as a facile method to miniaturize the test domain size to few mm(2), which significantly improves the sensitivity of the plasmonic biosensor compared to bioplasmonic paper fabricated using immersion approach. Furthermore, plasmonic calligraphy also serves as a simple and efficient means to isolate multiple test domains on a single test strip, which facilitates multiplexed biodetection and multi-marker biochips. Plasmonic calligraphy, which can be potentially automated by implementing with a robotic arm, serves as an alternate path forward to overcome the limitations of conventional ink-jet printing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO 63130, USA.
authors.forename: Limei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO 63130, USA.
authors.forename: Sirimuvva
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tadepalli
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO 63130, USA.
authors.forename: Sang Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO 63130, USA.
authors.forename: Keng-Ku
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Jeremiah J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Morrissey
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Evan D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Kharasch
authors.affiliation: Soft Matter Materials Branch, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH 45433, USA.
authors.forename: Rajesh R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Naik
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO 63130, USA; Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. Electronic address: singamaneni@wustl.edu.
authors.forename: Srikanth
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singamaneni
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000888:Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic / Q000032:analysis; D055910:Antibodies, Immobilized / Q000737:chemistry; D004867:Equipment Design; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000737:chemistry; D051379:Mice; D043942:Nanotubes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010209:Paper; D020349:Surface Plasmon Resonance / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000888:Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic; D055910:Antibodies, Immobilized; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D006046:Gold
keywords: Calligraphy; Gold nanorods; Localized surface plasmon resonance; Plasmonic ink
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