title: Effects of enriched environment on hippocampal neuronal cell death and neurogenesis in rat global ischemia.
abstract: Enriched environments reportedly show neuroprotective effects. Here, we evaluated the effect of an enriched environment prior to cerebral ischemia on neuronal cell death and neurogenesis in rats. Male SD rats were housed under standard conditions (SC) or in an enriched environment (EE), then subjected to global ischemia. The Y-maze test and novel object cognition test were used to evaluate cognitive function before and after ischemia. At 7 days post-ischemia, we evaluated hippocampal neuronal cell death with Fluoro-Jade B staining and neurogenesis with BrdU staining. Phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein (phospho-CREB) was also evaluated immunohistochemically. The EE + ischemia group showed a significant decrease of cell death post-ischemia compared with the SC + ischemia group. There was no difference in neurogenesis post-ischemia between SC + ischemia and EE + ischemia. The EE + ischemia group showed a significant increase of performance before and after ischemia compared with the SC + ischemia group. Phospho-CREB-positive cells were significantly increased post-ischemia in EE + ischemia compared with SC + ischemia. EE suppressed hippocampal cell death due to global ischemia. Additionally, enhancement of cognitive function before and after ischemia and prevention of cognitive impairment associated with ischemia were observed compared with the controls (rats housed in SC without ischemia). The CREB pathway may play an important role in protection of cognitive ability.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurological Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-Kamimachi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomokazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurological Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-Kamimachi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Eriguchi
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurological Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-Kamimachi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan.
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurological Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-Kamimachi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurological Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-Kamimachi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsuo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yoshino
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurological Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-Kamimachi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan. sakatani.kaoru@nihon-u.ac.jp.|Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nihon University College of Engineering, NEWCAT Institute, Fukushima, Japan. sakatani.kaoru@nihon-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Kaoru
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakatani
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurological Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-Kamimachi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Katayama
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000473:pathology*; D016923:Cell Death; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D055495:Neurogenesis; D009474:Neurons / Q000473:pathology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley