title: Leisure time activities related to carcinogen exposure and lung cancer risk in never smokers. A case-control study.
abstract: We aim to assess the relationship between leisure time activities related to exposure to carcinogenic substances and lung cancer risk in a hospital-based case-control study performed in never smokers. We included never smoking cases with anatomopathologically confirmed lung cancer and never smoking controls undergoing trivial surgery, at 8 Spanish hospitals. The study was conducted between January 2011 and June 2013. Participants were older than 30 and had no previous neoplasms. All were personally interviewed focusing on lifestyle, environmental tobacco smoke exposure, occupational history and leisure time activities (including duration of such activities). Results were analyzed through logistic regression and adjusted also by residential radon and education level. We included 513 never smokers, 191 cases and 322 controls. The OR for those performing the studied leisure time activities was 1.43 (95%CI 0.78-2.61). When we restricted the analysis to those performing do-it-yourself activities for more than 10 years the OR was 2.21 (95%CI 0.93-5.27). Environmental tobacco smoke exposure did not modify this association. The effect for the different lung cancer histological types was very close to significance for adenocarcinoma but only when these activities were performed for more than 10 years. We encourage health professionals to recommend protective measures for those individuals while performing these hobbies to reduce the risk of lung cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública CIBERESP, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: alberto.ruano@usc.es.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ruano-Ravina
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine, A Coruña University Hospital Complex, Coruña, Spain.
authors.forename: José Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: García-Lavandeira
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Service of Neumology, University Hospital Complex of Vigo, Vigo, Spain.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Torres-Durán
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: Luciana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Prini-Guadalupe
authors.affiliation: Service of Neumology, Ourense Hospital Complex, Ourense, Spain.
authors.forename: Isaura
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Parente-Lamelas
authors.affiliation: Service of Neumology, University Hospital Complex of Vigo, Vigo, Spain.
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Leiro-Fernández
authors.affiliation: Service of Neumology, University Hospital Complex of A Coruña, Coruña, Spain.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Montero-Martínez
authors.affiliation: Service of Neumology, Santiago de Compostela University Clinic Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco Javier
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: González-Barcala
authors.affiliation: Service of Neumology, Santiago de Compostela University Clinic Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Golpe-Gómez
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Silicosis, University Hospital of Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.affiliation: Service of Neumology, Hospital Lucus Augusti, Lugo, Spain.
authors.forename: Olalla
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Castro-Añón
authors.affiliation: Service of Neumology, Hospital Arquitecto Marcide, Ferrol, Spain.
authors.forename: María José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Mejuto-Martí
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública CIBERESP, Barcelona, Spain; Service of Preventive Medicine, University Hospital Complex of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan Miguel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Barros-Dios
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002274:Carcinogens, Environmental / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007899:Leisure Activities; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D002274:Carcinogens, Environmental
keywords: Carcinogenic substances; Case-control studies; Leisure time activities; Lung neoplasms; Never smokers