title: Comparative pulmonary toxicity of two ceria nanoparticles with the same primary size.
abstract: Ceria nanoparticles (nano-ceria) have recently gained a wide range of applications, which might pose unwanted risks to both the environment and human health. The greatest potential for the environmental discharge of nano-ceria appears to be in their use as a diesel fuel additive. The present study was designed to explore the pulmonary toxicity of nano-ceria in mice after a single exposure via intratracheal instillation. Two types of nano-ceria with the same distribution of a primary size (3-5 nm), but different redox activity, were used: Ceria-p, synthesized by a precipitation route, and Ceria-h, synthesized by a hydrothermal route. Both Ceria-p and Ceria-h induced oxidative stress, inflammatory responses and cytotoxicity in mice, but their toxicological profiles were quite different. The mean size of Ceria-p agglomerates was much smaller compared to Ceria-h, thereby causing a more potent acute inflammation, due to their higher number concentration of agglomerates and higher deposition rate in the deep lung. Ceria-h had a higher reactivity to catalyzing the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and caused two waves of lung injury: bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) inflammation and cytotoxicity in the early stage and redox-activity-evoked lipid peroxidation and pro-inflammation in the latter stage. Therefore, the size distribution of ceria-containing agglomerates in the exhaust, as well as their surface chemistry are essential characteristics to assess the potential risks of using nano-ceria as a fuel additive.
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China. penglu10@126.com.
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Key Laboratory of Nuclear Radiation and Nuclear Energy Technology, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. hx421@ihep.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Key Laboratory of Nuclear Radiation and Nuclear Energy Technology, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. pengzhang@ihep.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. jzhang@ihep.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Key Laboratory of Nuclear Radiation and Nuclear Energy Technology, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. liyy@ihep.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Yuanyuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China. zhangjz@ihep.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Junzhe
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Key Laboratory of Nuclear Radiation and Nuclear Energy Technology, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. mayh@ihep.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Yuhui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Key Laboratory of Nuclear Radiation and Nuclear Energy Technology, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. dingyy@ihep.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Yayun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China. btzhqwu@scut.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zhenqiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Key Laboratory of Nuclear Radiation and Nuclear Energy Technology, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. chaizf@ihep.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Zhifang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chai
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Key Laboratory of Nuclear Radiation and Nuclear Energy Technology, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. zhangzhy@ihep.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Zhiyong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000135:Acid Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000166:cytology; D002563:Cerium / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010316:Particle Size; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013499:Surface Properties; D001335:Vehicle Emissions
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D001335:Vehicle Emissions; D002563:Cerium; C030583:ceric oxide; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D000135:Acid Phosphatase
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