title: Cellular prostatic acid phosphatase, a PTEN-functional homologue in prostate epithelia, functions as a prostate-specific tumor suppressor.
abstract: The inactivation of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) plays a vital role in the progression of human cancers. Nevertheless, those ubiquitous TSGs have been shown with limited roles in various stages of diverse carcinogenesis. Investigation on identifying unique TSG, especially for early stage of carcinogenesis, is imperative. As such, the search for organ-specific TSGs has emerged as a major strategy in cancer research. Prostate cancer (PCa) has the highest incidence in solid tumors in US males. Cellular prostatic acid phosphatase (cPAcP) is a prostate-specific differentiation antigen. Despite intensive studies over the past several decades on PAcP as a PCa biomarker, the role of cPAcP as a PCa-specific tumor suppressor has only recently been emerged and validated. The mechanism underlying the pivotal role of cPAcP as a prostate-specific TSG is, in part, due to its function as a protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) as well as a phosphoinositide phosphatase (PIP), an apparent functional homologue to phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) in PCa cells. This review is focused on discussing the function of this authentic prostate-specific tumor suppressor and the mechanism behind the loss of cPAcP expression leading to prostate carcinogenesis. We review other phosphatases' roles as TSGs which regulate oncogenic PI3K signaling in PCa and discuss the functional similarity between cPAcP and PTEN in prostate carcinogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
authors.forename: Sakthivel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Muniyan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ingersoll
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
authors.forename: Surinder K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Batra
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Surgery/Urology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC. Electronic address: mlin@unmc.edu.
authors.forename: Ming-Fong
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000135:Acid Phosphatase; D000818:Animals; D063646:Carcinogenesis; D004848:Epithelium / Q000201:enzymology; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D011467:Prostate / Q000201:enzymology*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000502:physiology*; D017385:Sequence Homology
chemical_list: D000135:Acid Phosphatase; C428439:prostatic acid phosphatase; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; C494929:PTEN protein, human
keywords: ErbB-2; Phosphoinositide phosphatase; Prostate cancer; Protein tyrosine phosphatase; Tumor suppressor; cPAcP
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