title: Effects of different intensities of physical exercise on insulin sensitivity and protein kinase B/Akt activity in skeletal muscle of obese mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of different intensities of acute exercise on insulin sensitivity and protein kinase B/Akt activity in skeletal muscle of obese mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Swiss mice were randomly divided into four groups, and fed either a standard diet (control group) or high fat diet (obese sedentary group and obese exercise group 1 and 2) for 12 weeks. Two different exercise protocols were used: swimming for 1 hour with or without an overload of 5% body weight. The insulin tolerance test was performed to estimate whole-body sensitivity. Western blot technique was used to determine protein levels of protein kinase B/Akt and phosphorylation by protein Kinase B/Akt in mice skeletal muscle.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A single bout of exercise inhibited the high fat diet-induced insulin resistance. There was increase in phosphorylation by protein kinase B/Akt serine, improve in insulin signaling and reduce of fasting glucose in mice that swam for 1 hour without overload and mice that swan for 1 hour with overload of 5%. However, no significant differences were seen between exercised groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Regardless of intensity, aerobic exercise was able to improve insulin sensitivity and phosphorylation by protein kinase B/Ak, and proved to be a good form of treatment and prevention of type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodolfo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marinho
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leandro Pereira de
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Moura
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Limeira, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bárbara de Almeida
authors.initials: Bde A
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Limeira, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciana Santos Souza
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Pauli
authors.affiliation: Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adelino Sanchez Ramos da
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Limeira, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eloize Cristina Chiarreotto
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Ropelle
authors.affiliation: Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Claudio Teodoro de
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Limeira, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Dennys Esper Corrêa
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Cintra
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Limeira, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eduardo Rochete
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Ropelle
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: José Rodrigo
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Pauli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D015153:Blotting, Western; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000517:prevention & control; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008820:Mice, Obese; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000502:physiology; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D011897:Random Allocation; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
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