title: A quantitative analysis of gait patterns in vestibular neuritis patients using gyroscope sensor and a continuous walking protocol.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Locomotion involves an integration of vision, proprioception, and vestibular information. The parieto-insular vestibular cortex is known to affect the supra-spinal rhythm generators, and the vestibular system regulates anti-gravity muscle tone of the lower leg in the same side to maintain an upright posture through the extra-pyramidal track. To demonstrate the relationship between locomotion and vestibular function, we evaluated the differences in gait patterns between vestibular neuritis (VN) patients and normal subjects using a gyroscope sensor and long-way walking protocol.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gyroscope sensors were attached to both shanks of healthy controls (n=10) and age-matched VN patients (n = 10). We then asked the participants to walk 88.8 m along a corridor. Through the summation of gait cycle data, we measured gait frequency (Hz), normalized angular velocity (NAV) of each axis for legs, maximum and minimum NAV, up-slope and down-slope of NAV in swing phase, stride-swing-stance time (s), and stance to stride ratio (%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most dominant walking frequency in the VN group was not different compared to normal control. The NAVs of z-axis (pitch motion) were significantly larger than the others (x-, y-axis) and the values in VN patients tended to decrease in both legs and the difference of NAV between both group was significant in the ipsi-lesion side in the VN group only (p=0.03). Additionally, the gait velocity of these individuals was decreased relatively to controls (1.11 ± 0.120 and 0.84 ± 0.061 m/s in control and VN group respectively, p<0.01), which seems to be related to the significantly increased stance and stride time of the ipsi-lesion side. Moreover, in the VN group, the maximum NAV of the lesion side was less, and the minimum one was higher than control group. Furthermore, the down-slope and up-slope of NAV decreased on the impaired side.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The walking pattern of VN patients was highly phase-dependent, and NAV of pitch motion was significantly decreased in the ipsi-lesion side. The change of gait rhythm, stance and stride time, and maximum/minimum NAV of the ipsi-lesion side were characteristics of individuals with VN.
authors.forename: Soo Chan
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Joo Yeon
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hwan Nyeong
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hwan Ho
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jae Hwan
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Nam Beom
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Mi Joo
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jong Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea. hangckr@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Gyu Cheol
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology*; D020233:Gait Disorders, Neurologic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods*; D020338:Vestibular Neuronitis / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology
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