title: Microfluidic-SERS devices for one shot limit-of-detection.
abstract: Microfluidic sensing platforms facilitate parallel, low sample volume detection using various optical signal transduction mechanisms. Herein, we introduce a simple mixing microfluidic device, enabling serial dilution of introduced analyte solution that terminates in five discrete sensing elements. We demonstrate the utility of this device with on-chip fluorescence and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection of analytes, and we demonstrate device use both when combined with a traditional inflexible SERS substrate and with SERS-active nanoparticles that are directly incorporated into microfluidic channels to create a flexible SERS platform. The results indicate, with varying sensitivities, that either flexible or inflexible devices can be easily used to create a calibration curve and perform a limit of detection study with a single experiment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455 U.S.A.
authors.forename: Donghyuk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455 U.S.A.
authors.forename: Antonio R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455 U.S.A.
authors.forename: Ashish
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Datt
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455 U.S.A.
authors.forename: Zhe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, Illinois 60208 U.S.A.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rycenga
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 505 S Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801 U.S.A.
authors.forename: Nathan D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Burrows
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, Illinois 60208 U.S.A.
authors.forename: Nathan G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Greeneltch
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, Illinois 60208 U.S.A.
authors.forename: Chad A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Mirkin
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 505 S Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801 U.S.A.
authors.forename: Catherine J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, Illinois 60208 U.S.A.
authors.forename: Richard P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Van Duyne
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455 U.S.A.
authors.forename: Christy L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Haynes
mesh_terms: D004867:Equipment Design; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry; D046210:Microfluidic Analytical Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence / Q000295:instrumentation; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure; D061848:Optical Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D006046:Gold
references.citation: Nature. 2010 Mar 18;464(7287):392-5
references.pmid: 20237566
references.citation: Anal Chem. 2009 Dec 15;81(24):10002-6
references.pmid: 19928834
references.citation: Langmuir. 2012 Feb 7;28(5):2529-35
references.pmid: 22225536
references.citation: Nano Lett. 2012 Dec 12;12(12):6218-22
references.pmid: 23136925
references.citation: J Am Chem Soc. 2003 Dec 3;125(48):14676-7
references.pmid: 14640621
references.citation: Langmuir. 2009 Dec 1;25(23):13685-93
references.pmid: 19831350
references.citation: ACS Nano. 2013 Aug 27;7(8):7157-64
references.pmid: 23859441
references.citation: Langmuir. 2006 Dec 5;22(25):10354-64
references.pmid: 17129003
references.citation: Small. 2013 Mar 25;9(6):927-32
references.pmid: 23180641
references.citation: ACS Nano. 2012 Nov 27;6(11):9574-84
references.pmid: 23036132
references.citation: Electrophoresis. 2008 Apr;29(7):1441-50
references.pmid: 18386301
references.citation: Sci Rep. 2011;1:112
references.pmid: 22355629
references.citation: J Phys Chem B. 2006 Mar 9;110(9):3990-4
references.pmid: 16509687
references.citation: Nat Photonics. 2011 Oct 1;5(10):591-597
references.pmid: 22059090
references.citation: ACS Nano. 2013 May 28;7(5):4135-50
references.pmid: 23634842
references.citation: Lab Chip. 2013 Apr 21;13(8):1501-8
references.pmid: 23459704
references.citation: Anal Chem. 2012 Nov 20;84(22):9700-5
references.pmid: 23067072
references.citation: J Phys Chem Lett. 2011 May 19;2(10):1199-203
references.pmid: 26295326
references.citation: J Am Chem Soc. 2010 Oct 13;132(40):14012-4
references.pmid: 20853848
references.citation: J Am Chem Soc. 2010 Aug 11;132(31):10903-10
references.pmid: 20681724
references.citation: Nat Protoc. 2013 Apr;8(4):677-92
references.pmid: 23471112
references.citation: Nano Lett. 2013 Nov 13;13(11):5039-45
references.pmid: 24074380
references.citation: Lab Chip. 2008 Dec;8(12):2214-9
references.pmid: 19023489
references.citation: Anal Chem. 2007 Sep 15;79(18):7036-41
references.pmid: 17711297
references.citation: Langmuir. 2004 Jul 20;20(15):6414-20
references.pmid: 15248731
references.citation: Analyst. 2010 May;135(5):837-44
references.pmid: 20419230
references.citation: Science. 2002 Aug 30;297(5586):1536-40
references.pmid: 12202825
references.citation: Anal Bioanal Chem. 2009 Aug;394(7):1819-25
references.pmid: 19305981
references.citation: Electrophoresis. 2013 Aug;34(15):2162-8
references.pmid: 23712933
references.citation: Anal Chem. 2013 Feb 19;85(4):2297-303
references.pmid: 23343409
references.citation: Anal Chem. 2012 Jul 17;84(14):6070-8
references.pmid: 22816782
references.citation: ACS Nano. 2011 Jun 28;5(6):4729-36
references.pmid: 21634405
references.citation: Small. 2014 Jan 15;10(1):127-34
references.pmid: 23606301
references.citation: Anal Chem. 2005 Jul 1;77(13):4013-9
references.pmid: 15987105
references.citation: Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2011 Jun 28;13(24):11551-67
references.pmid: 21509385
references.citation: ACS Nano. 2010 Jun 22;4(6):3259-69
references.pmid: 20503969
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Sep 5;103(36):13300-3
references.pmid: 16938832
references.citation: Nano Lett. 2010 Jun 9;10(6):2231-6
references.pmid: 20499849