title: Therapeutic implications of microRNAs in pulmonary arterial hypertension.
abstract: microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small, non-coding RNAs that play critical posttranscriptional regulatory roles typically through targeting of the 3'-untranslated region of messenger RNA (mRNA). Mature miRNAs are known to be involved in global cellular processes, such as differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and organogenesis, due to their capacity to target multiple mRNAs. Thus, imbalances in the expression and/or activity of miRNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, including pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). PAH is a progressive disease characterized by vascular remodeling due to excessive proliferation of pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs) and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Recently, studies have evaluated the roles of miRNAs involved in the pathogenesis of PAH in these pulmonary vascular cells. This review provides an overview of recent discoveries on the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of PAH and discusses the potential for miRNAs as therapeutic targets and biomarkers of PAH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 140-742, Korea.
authors.forename: Aram
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Vermont, 208 South Park Drive, Colchester, VT 05446, USA.
authors.forename: Danielle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: McLean
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 140-742, Korea.
authors.forename: Jihea
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 140-742, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyesoo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology Education, College of Education, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea.
authors.forename: Woochul
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 140-742, Korea.
authors.forename: Jongmin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D035683:MicroRNAs; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense
references.citation: Hypertension. 2012 May;59(5):1006-13
references.pmid: 22392900
references.citation: Cancer Lett. 2012 Jan 1;314(1):41-53
references.pmid: 21983130
references.citation: Genes Dev. 1996 Jul 1;10(13):1580-94
references.pmid: 8682290
references.citation: Mol Cells. 2014 Mar;37(3):196-201
references.pmid: 24608803
references.citation: Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2012 Feb 15;185(4):409-19
references.pmid: 22161164
references.citation: Circ Res. 2012 Feb 3;110(3):483-95
references.pmid: 22302755
references.citation: Nat Cell Biol. 2012 Feb 12;14(3):249-56
references.pmid: 22327366
references.citation: Eur Heart J. 2014 Dec 1;35(45):3203-11
references.pmid: 22450430
references.citation: Nat Med. 2009 Nov;15(11):1289-97
references.pmid: 19855400
references.citation: Circulation. 2012 Mar 27;125(12):1520-32
references.pmid: 22371328
references.citation: Circulation. 2010 Jul 13;122(2):156-63
references.pmid: 20585011
references.citation: PLoS One. 2012;7(10):e46808
references.pmid: 23071643
references.citation: Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2006 Dec;13(12):1097-101
references.pmid: 17099701
references.citation: Mol Cells. 2005 Feb 28;19(1):1-15
references.pmid: 15750334
references.citation: Circ Res. 2012 Jul 20;111(3):290-300
references.pmid: 22715469
references.citation: Genome Res. 2009 Jan;19(1):92-105
references.pmid: 18955434
references.citation: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2010 Dec;299(6):L861-71
references.pmid: 20693317
references.citation: J Med Genet. 2009 May;46(5):331-7
references.pmid: 19211612
references.citation: Circulation. 2009 Feb 3;119(4):566-76
references.pmid: 19153267
references.citation: Nat Cell Biol. 2011 Apr;13(4):423-33
references.pmid: 21423178
references.citation: Hum Mutat. 2006 Feb;27(2):121-32
references.pmid: 16429395
references.citation: Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011 Dec 15;184(12):1400-8
references.pmid: 21920918
references.citation: BMC Genomics. 2009 Dec 10;10:594
references.pmid: 20003303
references.citation: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2006 Mar;290(3):L450-8
references.pmid: 16361357
references.citation: Nucleic Acids Res. 2005 May 12;33(8):2697-706
references.pmid: 15891114
references.citation: Pulm Circ. 2013 Apr;3(2):315-28
references.pmid: 24015331
references.citation: PLoS One. 2013 May 23;8(5):e64396
references.pmid: 23717609
references.citation: Cell. 2002 Apr 19;109(2):145-8
references.pmid: 12007400
references.citation: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2010 Apr;30(4):716-23
references.pmid: 20110569
references.citation: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2011 Apr;31(4):814-20
references.pmid: 21233449
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2013 Aug 30;288(35):25414-25427
references.pmid: 23853098
references.citation: EMBO J. 2004 Oct 13;23(20):4051-60
references.pmid: 15372072
references.citation: J Exp Med. 2011 Mar 14;208(3):535-48
references.pmid: 21321078
references.citation: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2012 Mar 15;302(6):L521-9
references.pmid: 22227207
references.citation: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2012 Oct 15;303(8):L682-91
references.pmid: 22886504
references.citation: Cancer Res. 2008 Jul 1;68(13):5004-8
references.pmid: 18593897
references.citation: Biochem J. 2013 Jun 1;452(2):281-91
references.pmid: 23485012
references.citation: Mol Cell. 2012 May 25;46(4):384-6
references.pmid: 22633486
references.citation: Circ Res. 2009 May 22;104(10):1184-91
references.pmid: 19390056
references.citation: Circ Res. 2014 Jan 3;114(1):67-78
references.pmid: 24122720
references.citation: Nat Med. 2013 Jan;19(1):74-82
references.pmid: 23263626
references.citation: J Cell Biochem. 2014 Jun;115(6):1196-205
references.pmid: 24446351
references.citation: Cell. 2004 Jan 23;116(2):281-97
references.pmid: 14744438
references.citation: Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2013 Feb 1;187(3):294-302
references.pmid: 23220912
references.citation: Circulation. 2002 Jan 29;105(4):516-21
references.pmid: 11815437
references.citation: Nucleic Acids Res. 2011 Sep 1;39(16):7223-33
references.pmid: 21609964
references.citation: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2011 May;300(5):L753-61
references.pmid: 21335523