title: Magnetic nanoparticles as contrast agents in biomedical imaging: recent advances in iron- and manganese-based magnetic nanoparticles.
abstract: Improvements in diagnostic measures for biomedical applications have been investigated in various studies for better interpretations of biological abnormalities and several medical conditions. The use of imaging techniques, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), is widespread and becoming a standard procedure for such specialized applications. A major avenue being studied in MRI is the use of magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) as contrast agents (CAs). Among various approaches, current research also incorporates use of superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs and manganese-based NPs with biocompatible coatings for improved stability and reduced biodegradation when exposed to a biological environment. In this review, recent advances with these types of magnetic NPs and their potential use as CAs in MRI are reported, as well as new insights into the selectivity and cellular transport mechanism that occurs following injection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and.
authors.forename: Charlette
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Felton
authors.forename: Alokita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karmakar
authors.forename: Yashraj
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gartia
authors.forename: Punnamchandar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ramidi
authors.forename: Alexandru S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Biris
authors.forename: Anindya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghosh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017895:Manganese Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D050997:Nanomedicine / Q000379:methods*; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D017895:Manganese Compounds; D010087:Oxides; C000499:ferric oxide; C027424:manganese oxide