title: The expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase family in breast cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It is widely accepted that aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity is a signature of breast cancer stem cells, and high activity has been reported to be associated with poor clinical outcome. The aim of this study was to assess the expression of members of the ALDH family of isozymes in breast cancer tissues and to evaluate the implications of the results.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed paraffin-embedded tumor tissue from 160 patients with breast cancer. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was performed on the slides using antibodies against different ALDH family members. We collated the IHC results with patient clinical characteristics and determined their prognostic value. In addition, we analyzed normal, hyperplastic, and carcinomatous tissues in situ to check their ALDH distributions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the tested ALDH members were detected in the various tissue types, but at different levels. Only ALDH 1A3 was found to be significantly associated with distant metastasis (p=0.001), disease-free survival (p<0.001), and overall survival (p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The level of ALDH 1A3 in breast cancer tissue is a predictive marker of a poor clinical outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Tianjie
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Changli
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Linyong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Teng
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bu
keywords: Breast neoplasms; Metastasis; Neoplastic stem cells; Prognosis
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