title: Effect of dietary modification on incident carotid artery disease in postmenopausal women: results from the women's health initiative dietary modification trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Because the diagnosis and treatment of carotid artery disease may reduce the rate of stroke, the aim of this study was to determine whether a diet intervention was associated with incident carotid artery disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 48 835 postmenopausal women aged 50 to 79 years who were randomly assigned to either the intervention or comparison group in the Women's Health Initiative Diet Modification Trial. Incident carotid artery disease was defined as an overnight hospitalization with either symptoms or a surgical intervention to improve flow.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After a mean follow-up of 8.3 years from 1994 to 2005, there were 297 (0.61%) incident carotid artery events. In contrast to the comparison group, the risk of incident carotid disease did not differ from those assigned to the intervention group (hazard ratio, 1.08; 95% confidence interval, 0.9-1.4). In secondary analysis, there was no significant effect of the intervention on the risk for incident carotid disease during the 5 years of postintervention follow-up from 2005 to 2010 (hazard ratio, 1.24; 95% confidence interval, 0.9-1.7) and no significant effect during cumulative follow-up from 1994 to 2010 (hazard ratio, 1.13; 95% confidence interval, 0.9-1.4).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among postmenopausal women, a dietary intervention aimed at reducing total fat intake and encouraging increased intake of fruit, vegetables, and grains did not significantly change the risk for incident carotid artery disease.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00000611.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California at San Diego (M.A.A.); WHI Coordinating Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (A.A.); Department of Family Medicine and Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.E.); Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts, Boston (W.L.); Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL (L.V.H.); Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago (M.L.D.); and Department of Medicine, New York University (J.S.B.). mallison@ucsd.edu.
authors.forename: Matthew A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Allison
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California at San Diego (M.A.A.); WHI Coordinating Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (A.A.); Department of Family Medicine and Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.E.); Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts, Boston (W.L.); Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL (L.V.H.); Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago (M.L.D.); and Department of Medicine, New York University (J.S.B.).
authors.forename: Aaron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aragaki
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California at San Diego (M.A.A.); WHI Coordinating Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (A.A.); Department of Family Medicine and Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.E.); Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts, Boston (W.L.); Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL (L.V.H.); Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago (M.L.D.); and Department of Medicine, New York University (J.S.B.).
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Eaton
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California at San Diego (M.A.A.); WHI Coordinating Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (A.A.); Department of Family Medicine and Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.E.); Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts, Boston (W.L.); Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL (L.V.H.); Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago (M.L.D.); and Department of Medicine, New York University (J.S.B.).
authors.forename: Wenjun
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California at San Diego (M.A.A.); WHI Coordinating Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (A.A.); Department of Family Medicine and Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.E.); Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts, Boston (W.L.); Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL (L.V.H.); Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago (M.L.D.); and Department of Medicine, New York University (J.S.B.).
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Van Horn
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California at San Diego (M.A.A.); WHI Coordinating Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (A.A.); Department of Family Medicine and Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.E.); Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts, Boston (W.L.); Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL (L.V.H.); Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago (M.L.D.); and Department of Medicine, New York University (J.S.B.).
authors.forename: Martha L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Daviglus
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California at San Diego (M.A.A.); WHI Coordinating Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (A.A.); Department of Family Medicine and Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.E.); Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts, Boston (W.L.); Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL (L.V.H.); Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago (M.L.D.); and Department of Medicine, New York University (J.S.B.).
authors.forename: Jeffrey S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Berger
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D004041:Dietary Fats; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014675:Vegetables
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats
keywords: carotid artery diseases; diet; women
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