title: Biosynthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using panchakavya, an Indian traditional farming formulating agent.
abstract: Synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with biological properties is of vast significance in the development of scientifically valuable products. In the present study, we describe simple, unprecedented, nontoxic, eco-friendly, green synthesis of AgNPs using an Indian traditional farming formulating agent, panchakavya. Silver nitrate (1 mM) solution was mixed with panchakavya filtrate for the synthesis of AgNPs. The nanometallic dispersion was characterized by surface plasmon absorbance measuring 430 nm. Transmission electron microscopy showed the morphology and size of the AgNPs. Scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the presence of AgNPs. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed that proteins in the panchakavya were involved in the reduction and capping of AgNPs. In addition, we studied the antibacterial activity of synthesized AgNPs. The synthesized AgNPs (1-4 mM) extensively reduced the growth rate of antibiotic resistant bacteria such as Aeromonas sp., Acinetobacter sp., and Citrobacter sp., according to the increasing concentration of AgNPs.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biotechnology, Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea ; PG and Research Department of Biotechnology, Mahendra Arts and Science College, Kalippatti, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Muthusamy
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Govarthanan
authors.affiliation: PG and Research Department of Biotechnology, Mahendra Arts and Science College, Kalippatti, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Thangasamy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Selvankumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, Raja Duraisingam Government Arts College, Sivagangai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Koildhasan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Manoharan
authors.affiliation: PG and Research Department of Biotechnology, Mahendra Arts and Science College, Kalippatti, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Rajiniganth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rathika
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science, PSG College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Kuppusamy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shanthi
authors.affiliation: Division of Biotechnology, Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kui-Jae
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Division of Biotechnology, Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Division of Biotechnology, Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Seralathan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kamala-Kannan
authors.affiliation: Division of Biotechnology, Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Byung-Taek
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Oh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology; D018407:Bacterial Physiological Phenomena / Q000187:drug effects*; D001688:Biological Products / Q000737:chemistry*; D002417:Cattle; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001688:Biological Products; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D012834:Silver
keywords: antibacterial; environment; green synthesis; nanoparticles; panchakavya
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