title: Fabrication of coated bovine serum albumin (BSA)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) nanoparticles and their transport across monolayers of human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells.
abstract: The bovine serum albumin (BSA)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) nanoparticles were fabricated using a desolvation method, and coated with poly-ε-lysine or chitosan. BSA-EGCG nanoparticles (BEN), poly-ε-lysine coated BSA-EGCG nanoparticles (PBEN), and chitosan coated BSA-EGCG nanoparticles (CBEN) had a spherical morphology and a size of 186, 259, and 300 nm, respectively. The loading efficiency of EGCG in these nanoparticles was 32.3%, 35.4%, and 32.7%, whereas the loading capacity was 18.9%, 17.0%, and 16.0% (w/w), respectively. Poly-ε-lysine or chitosan coating prevented the aggregation of nanoparticles at pH 4.5-5.0. However, they caused particle aggregation at pH 6.5-7.0. BEN had negative zeta-potentials between pH 4.5 and 6.0. Poly-ε-lysine or chitosan coating changed the zeta-potentials to positive. The release study of EGCG from the nanoparticles in the simulated gastric or intestinal fluid with or without digestive enzymes showed that poly-ε-lysine and chitosan coatings delayed EGCG release from the nanoparticles. Poly-ε-lysine or chitosan coating improved the stability of EGCG during storage at 60 °C compared with EGCG in the uncoated particles. EGCG in BEN, PBEN, and CBEN had a decreasing apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) on Caco-2 monolayers, whereas pure EGCG showed relatively stable Papp during the incubation over time. EGCG in CBEN showed significantly higher Papp, suggesting that chitosan coated BSA-EGCG nanoparticles may improve the absorption of EGCG.
authors.affiliation: Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA. LGu@ufl.edu.
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jungheun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.forename: Liwei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gu
mesh_terms: D001682:Biological Availability; D001692:Biological Transport; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D002392:Catechin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000187:drug effects*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D011107:Polylysine / Q000737:chemistry; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D011107:Polylysine; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; D002392:Catechin; D048271:Chitosan; C045651:epigallocatechin gallate; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases