title: Effectiveness of Circle of Life, an HIV-preventive intervention for American Indian middle school youths: a group randomized trial in a Northern Plains tribe.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We assessed the effectiveness of Circle of Life (COL), an HIV-preventive intervention developed specifically for American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) middle school youths.
  
  
  METHODS
  By partnering with a tribal community, we conducted a longitudinal wait-listed group randomized trial with 635 seventh and eighth graders in 13 schools of a Northern Plains tribe. We surveyed participants at baseline, 3 months, and 12 months from 2006 to 2007.
  
  
  RESULTS
  COL was found to increase HIV knowledge in the short term, but had no effect on sexual activity compared with those who did not receive it. However, COL was found to be effective for delaying the onset of sexual activity, with the greatest reduction in risk occurring for those receiving COL at early ages.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Community partnership was key to successful project design, implementation, and analysis. The project confirmed the importance of the timing of interventions in early adolescence. COL may be a key resource for reducing sexual risk among AI/AN youths.
authors.affiliation: Carol E. Kaufman, Nancy Rumbaugh Whitesell, Ellen M. Keane, and Christina M. Mitchell are with the Centers for American Indian and Alaska Native Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora. At the time of the study, Jennifer A. Desserich was with the Centers for American Indian and Alaska Native Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus. Cindy Giago and Angela Sam were with the Northern Plains Field Office, Centers for American Indian and Alaska Native Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus.
authors.forename: Carol E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Kaufman
authors.forename: Nancy Rumbaugh
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Whitesell
authors.forename: Ellen M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Keane
authors.forename: Jennifer A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Desserich
authors.forename: Cindy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Giago
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sam
authors.forename: Christina M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Mitchell
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D055812:Community-Based Participatory Research; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006266:Health Education / Q000379:methods; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American / Q000193:education* / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
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