title: Characterization and Quantification of Compounds in the Hydroalcoholic Extract of the Leaves from Terminalia catappa Linn. (Combretaceae) and Their Mutagenic Activity.
abstract: Terminalia is a genus of Combretaceous plants widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. Thus, the aim of this study was to quantify the majority compounds of the hydroalcoholic extract (7 : 3, v/v) of the leaves from T. catappa by HPLC-PDA, chemically characterize by hyphenated techniques (HPLC-ESI-IT-MS(n)) and NMR, and evaluate its mutagenic activity by the Salmonella/microsome assay on S. typhimurium strains TA98, TA97a, TA100, and TA102. The quantification of analytes was performed using an external calibration standard. Punicalagin is the most abundant polyphenol found in the leaves. The presence of this compound as a mixture of anomers was confirmed using HPLC-PDA and (1)H and (13)C NMR. Mutagenic activity was observed in strains TA100 and TA97a. As the extract is a complex mixture of punicalagin, its derivatives, and several other compounds, the observed mutagenicity may be explained in part by possible synergistic interaction between the compounds present in the extract. These studies show that mutagenic activity of T. catappa in the Ames test can only be observed when measured at high concentrations. However, considering the mutagenic effects observed for T. catappa, this plant should be used cautiously for medicinal purposes.
authors.affiliation: Organic Chemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14800-900 Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Francisco José
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Mininel
authors.affiliation: Organic Chemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14800-900 Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos Sérgio
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Leonardo Junior
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14801-902 Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lívia Greghi
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Espanha
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14801-902 Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Flávia Aparecida
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Resende
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14801-902 Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eliana Aparecida
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Varanda
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14801-902 Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Clarice Queico Fujimura
authors.initials: CQ
authors.lastname: Leite
authors.affiliation: São Paulo State University (UNESP), Experimental Campus of São Vicente, 11350-000 São Vicente, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Wagner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Vilegas
authors.affiliation: Organic Chemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14800-900 Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lourdes Campaner
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Dos Santos
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