title: Efficacy of N-acetyl cysteine in traumatic brain injury.
abstract: In this study, using two different injury models in two different species, we found that early post-injury treatment with N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC) reversed the behavioral deficits associated with the TBI. These data suggest generalization of a protocol similar to our recent clinical trial with NAC in blast-induced mTBI in a battlefield setting, to mild concussion from blunt trauma. This study used both weight drop in mice and fluid percussion injury in rats. These were chosen to simulate either mild or moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI). For mice, we used novel object recognition and the Y maze. For rats, we used the Morris water maze. NAC was administered beginning 30-60 minutes after injury. Behavioral deficits due to injury in both species were significantly reversed by NAC treatment. We thus conclude NAC produces significant behavioral recovery after injury. Future preclinical studies are needed to define the mechanism of action, perhaps leading to more effective therapies in man.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America.
authors.forename: Katharine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Eakin
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Renana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Baratz-Goldstein
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Chiam G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Pick
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Ofra
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Zindel
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Neurobiology, Communication Sciences and Disorders, and Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
authors.forename: Carey D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Balaban
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Spatial Orientation Center, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Hoffer
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America.
authors.forename: Megan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lockwood
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America; Graduate Program in Neuroregeneration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Barry J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Hoffer
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D021641:Recognition, Psychology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D000111:Acetylcysteine
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