title: Novel recombinant GII.P16_GII.13 and GII.P16_GII.3 norovirus strains in Italy.
abstract: Novel norovirus strains are continuously emerging worldwide. Molecular investigation and phylogenetic analysis identified GII.P16 recombinant noroviruses from the stools of four Italian children with gastroenteritis. The capsid gene was characterized as either GII.13 or GII.3. The GII.P16_GII.13 Italian strains were closely related to German strains involved in a large outbreak in the second half of 2012 and the Italian strains are the first recorded occurrence of GII.P16_GII.13 in Europe.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Unità di Microbiologia e Virologia, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy. Electronic address: mariacristina.medici@unipr.it.
authors.forename: Maria Cristina
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Medici
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Unità di Microbiologia e Virologia, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tummolo
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università Aldo Moro di Bari, Valenzano, Italy.
authors.forename: Vito
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Martella
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze per la Promozione della Salute e Materno Infantile "G. D'Alessandro", Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni Maurizio
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Giammanco
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze per la Promozione della Salute e Materno Infantile "G. D'Alessandro", Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De Grazia
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Unità di Microbiologia e Virologia, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Cristina
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Arcangeletti
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Unità di Microbiologia e Virologia, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Flora
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: De Conto
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Unità di Microbiologia e Virologia, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chezzi
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Unità di Microbiologia e Virologia, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Calderaro
mesh_terms: D017250:Caliciviridae Infections / Q000821:virology; D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000821:virology; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007558:Italy; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D029322:Norovirus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010802:Phylogeny; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D036022:Capsid Proteins; D012367:RNA, Viral
keywords: GII.P16_GII.13; GII.P16_GII.3; Gastroenteritis; Italy; Norovirus; Recombination