title: Gasoline from biomass through refinery-friendly carbohydrate-based bio-oil produced by ketalization.
abstract: The introduction of biomass-derived compounds as an alternative feed into the refinery structure that already exists can potentially converge energy uses with ecological sustainability. Herein, we present an approach to produce a bio-oil based on carbohydrate-derived isopropylidene ketals obtained by reaction with acetone under acidic conditions directly from second-generation biomass. The obtained bio-oil showed a greater chemical inertness and miscibility with gasoil than typical bio-oil from fast pyrolysis. Catalytic upgrading of the bio-oil over zeolites (USY and Beta) yielded gasoline with a high octane number. Moreover, the co-processing of gasoil and bio-oil improved the gasoline yield and quality compared to pure gasoil and also reduced the amount of oxygenated compounds and coke compared with pure bio-oil, which demonstrates a synergistic effect.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Tecnologia, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21949-909 RJ (Brazil).
authors.forename: Nuno
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Batalha
authors.forename: Alessandra V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.forename: Matheus O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.forename: Bruna M C
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: da Costa
authors.forename: Elisa S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.forename: Thiago C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Thalita G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Barros
authors.forename: Maria L A
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.forename: Elina B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Caramão
authors.forename: Luciana R M
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: dos Santos
authors.forename: Marlon B B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.forename: Rodrigo O M A
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.forename: Yiu L
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: Nakédia M F
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: Leandro S M
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Miranda
authors.forename: Marcelo M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Pereira
mesh_terms: D000475:Alkenes / Q000737:chemistry; D056804:Biofuels; D018533:Biomass; D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry*; D017641:Zeolites / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000475:Alkenes; D056804:Biofuels; D017641:Zeolites; D002482:Cellulose; C027433:bagasse; C013658:propylene
keywords: biomass; carbohydrates; cracking; hydrolysis; isotopic labeling