title: Key determinants of short-term and long-term glioblastoma survival: a 14-year retrospective study of patients from the Hermelin Brain Tumor Center at Henry Ford Hospital.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Glioblastoma (GBM) is a heterogeneous neoplasm with a small percentage of long-term survivors. Despite aggressive surgical resection and advances in radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the median survival for patients with GBM is 12-14 months. Factors associated with a favorable prognosis include young age, high performance status, gross resection >98%, non-eloquent tumor location and O6-methylguanine methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation. We retrospectively analyzed the relationship of clinical, epidemiologic, genetic and molecular characteristics with survival in patients with GBM.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective analysis of overall survival looked at the outcomes of 480 patients diagnosed with GBM over 14 years at a single institution. Multivariate analysis was performed examining multiple patient characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median survival time improved from 11.8 months in patients diagnosed from 1995 to 1999 to 15.9 months in those diagnosed from 2005 to 2008. Factors associated with survivor groups were age, KPS, tumor resection, treatment received and early progression. 18 cancer-related genes were upregulated in short-term survivors and five genes were downregulated in short-term survivors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Epidemiologic, clinical, and molecular characteristics all contribute to GBM prognosis. Identifying factors associated with survival is important for treatment strategies as well as research for novel therapeutics and technologies. This study demonstrated improved survival for patients over time as well as significant differences among survivor groups.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neurosurgery, Hermelin Brain Tumor Center, Henry Ford Health System, 2799 West Grand Boulevard, Detroit 48202, USA.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mazaris
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neurosurgery, Hermelin Brain Tumor Center, Henry Ford Health System, 2799 West Grand Boulevard, Detroit 48202, USA.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Wayne State University School of Medicine, 1313 Scott Hall, Detroit 48201, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Altshuler
authors.affiliation: Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, 2799 West Grand Boulevard, Detroit 48202, USA.
authors.forename: Lonni
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schultz
authors.affiliation: Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, 2799 West Grand Boulevard, Detroit 48202, USA.
authors.forename: Laila M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Poisson
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neurosurgery, Hermelin Brain Tumor Center, Henry Ford Health System, 2799 West Grand Boulevard, Detroit 48202, USA; Radiology, Henry Ford Health System, 2799 West Grand Boulevard, Detroit 48202, USA.
authors.forename: Rajan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neurosurgery, Hermelin Brain Tumor Center, Henry Ford Health System, 2799 West Grand Boulevard, Detroit 48202, USA.
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mikkelsen
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neurosurgery, Hermelin Brain Tumor Center, Henry Ford Health System, 2799 West Grand Boulevard, Detroit 48202, USA.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rosenblum
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neurosurgery, Hermelin Brain Tumor Center, Henry Ford Health System, 2799 West Grand Boulevard, Detroit 48202, USA. Electronic address: skalkan1@hfhs.org.
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kalkanis
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D017567:Karnofsky Performance Status; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Gene expression; Glioblastoma; Molecular marker; Retrospective study; Survival