title: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation regulates organ blood flow and apoptosis during controlled hypotension in dogs.
abstract: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is commonly used in clinical practice for alleviating pains and physiological disorders. It has been reported that TENS could counteract the ischemic injury happened in some vital organs. To determine the protective effect of TENS on internal organs during CH in dogs, target hypotension was maintained for 60 min at 50% of the baseline mean arterial pressure (MAP). The perfusion to the brain, liver, stomach, and kidney was recorded and apoptosis within these organs was observed. Results showed that when arriving at the target MAP, and during the maintaining stage for 10 min, perfusion to the stomach and liver in the CH+TENS group was much higher than in the CH group (P<0.05). Perfusion to the cerebral cortex greatly declined in both the controlled pressure groups when compared with the general anesthesia (GA) group (P<0.05). After withdrawing CH, the hepatic blood flow in both the CH and CH+TENS groups, and the gastric and cerebral cortical blood flow in the CH+TENS group, were rapidly increased. By the end of MAP restoration, gastric blood flow in the CH group was still low. At 72 h after applying CH, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells in stomach and kidney tissue from the CH group were significantly increased compared with those in the GA group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in TUNEL-positive cells in the liver and hippocampus among the three groups. Our results demonstrated that CH with a 50% MAP level could cause lower perfusion to the liver, stomach, cerebral cortex, and kidney, with apoptosis subsequently occurring in the stomach and kidney. TENS combined GA is able to improve the blood flow to the liver, stomach, and reduce the apoptosis in the stomach and kidney.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lele
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaomei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chuanlong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaoqing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Linli
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lian
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaojing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhenhua
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yadi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mo
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jianqiao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fang
mesh_terms: D015669:Acupuncture Points; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D062186:Arterial Pressure; D004285:Dogs; D007023:Hypotension, Controlled; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D008297:Male; D009928:Organ Specificity; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D004561:Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation
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