title: Retrospective comparative study of operative repair of hammertoe deformity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes of patients with second hammertoe deformities who underwent correction using either joint resection arthroplasty, proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP) arthrodesis without osteotomy, or interpositional implant arthroplasty.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records from patients who underwent second PIP correction from July 1999 to December 2008 were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 114 patients (136 second toes) were the basis for this retrospective comparative study. The average final follow-up with weight-bearing radiographs of the 136 procedures at the second toe was 53.8 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 3 groups had significantly reduced VAS scores postoperatively (P < .01). Also, all groups had significant radiographic correction in the average measured lateral angle of the second PIP joint (P < .01). However, the interpositional implant group had significantly corrected the second PIP joint in the axial plane, with an average postoperative anterior-posterior (AP) angle of 2.9° (P < .01). The postoperative AP angle was also significantly different compared with the postoperative AP angles of the other 2 groups (P < .01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study confirms that all 3 techniques provide adequate pain relief and radiographic sagittal plane correction. However, interpositional implant arthroplasty provides significant radiographic correction in the axial plane.
  
  
  METHODS
  Therapeutic Level III, Retrospective comparative study.
authors.affiliation: White Memorial Medical Group, Los Angeles, CA (WS).
authors.forename: Wenjay
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.forename: Lowell
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Weil
authors.forename: Lowell Scott
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Weil
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001174:Arthrodesis; D001178:Arthroplasty; D019643:Arthroplasty, Replacement; D005260:Female; D037801:Hammer Toe Syndrome / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: arthrodesis; arthroplasty; hammertoe deformity; interpositional implant; operative repair