title: Human dietary exposure to PBDEs around E-waste recycling sites in Eastern China.
abstract: Analysis of 10 types of locally produced staple foods (including meat, fish, and eggs), provided estimates of dietary intakes of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) for residents of areas of Taizhou City (Zhejiang Province, Eastern China), which are long-established centers of rudimentary "e-waste" recycling. Average ∑PBDE concentrations in chicken meat, eggs, and liver and duck meat and liver were among the highest recorded to date, with BDE-209 particularly abundant. The highest estimated contributions to ∑PBDE intake under a median exposure scenario were associated with adult consumption of duck eggs (3882 ng/day) and chicken eggs (1091 ng/day), and with consumption of fish by both adults (792 ng/day) and children (634 ng/day). Including estimates for ingestion of contaminated dust reported elsewhere increased median ∑PBDE daily intakes by approximately 19% for adults and 42% for children. Normalized to body weight, estimated median ∑PBDE exposures (from food and dust combined) were 130.9 ng/kg bw/day for adults and 614.1 ng/kg bw/day for children. High-end estimates of exposure for young children exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency reference doses for BDE-47 and BDE-99 by factors of approximately 2.5 and 1.5, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Greenpeace Research Laboratories Innovation Centre Phase 2, Rennes Drive University of Exeter, Exeter , EX4 4RN United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Iryna
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Labunska
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Harrad
authors.forename: Mengjiao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Santillo
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Johnston
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D002648:Child; D002681:China; D004032:Diet; D004531:Eggs / Q000032:analysis; D059029:Electronic Waste; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D005502:Food; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis; D009821:Oils / Q000737:chemistry; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D059027:Recycling; D014481:United States
chemical_list: C477694:2,2',4,4',5-brominated diphenyl ether; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D009821:Oils; C511295:2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether; C010902:decabromobiphenyl ether