title: Mesoscale effects in electrochemical conversion: coupling of chemistry to atomic- and nanoscale structure in iron-based electrodes.
abstract: The complex coupling of atomic, chemical, and electronic transformations across multiple length scales underlies the performance of electrochemical energy storage devices. Here, the coupling of chemistry with atomic- and nanoscale structure in iron conversion electrodes is resolved by combining pair distribution function (PDF) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) analysis for a series of Fe fluorides, oxyfluorides, and oxides. The data show that the anion chemistry of the initial electrode influences the abundance of atomic defects in the Fe atomic lattice. This, in turn, is linked to different atom mobilities and propensity for particle growth. Competitive nanoparticle growth in mixed anion systems contributes to a distinct nanostructure, without the interconnected metallic nanoparticles formed for single anion systems.
authors.affiliation: X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States.
authors.forename: Kamila M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Wiaderek
authors.forename: Olaf J
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Borkiewicz
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ilavsky
authors.forename: Glenn G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Amatucci
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Chupas
authors.forename: Karena W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Chapman