title: Sequence analysis of a CTX-M-1 IncI1 plasmid found in Salmonella 4,5,12:i:-, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae on a UK pig farm.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In 2009, CTX-M Enterobacteriaceae and Salmonella isolates were recovered from a UK pig farm, prompting studies into the dissemination of the resistance and to establish any relationships between the isolates.
  
  
  METHODS
  PFGE was used to elucidate clonal relationships between isolates whilst plasmid profiling, restriction analysis, sequencing and PCR were used to characterize the CTX-M-harbouring plasmids.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella 4,5,12:i:- and Bovismorbificans resistant to cefotaxime (n = 65) were recovered and 63 were shown by PCR to harbour a group 1 CTX-M gene. The harbouring hosts were diverse, but the group 1 CTX-M plasmids were common. Three sequenced CTX-M plasmids from E. coli, K. pneumoniae and Salmonella enterica serotype 4,5,12:i:- were identical except for seven mutations and highly similar to IncI1 plasmid ColIb-P9. Two antimicrobial resistance regions were identified: one inserted upstream of yacABC harbouring ISCR2 transposases, sul2 and floR; and the other inserted within shfB of the pilV shufflon harbouring the ISEcp1 transposase followed by blaCTX-M-1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that an ST108 IncI1 plasmid encoding a blaCTX-M-1 gene had disseminated across multiple genera on this farm, an example of horizontal gene transfer of the blaCTX-M-1 gene.
authors.affiliation: AHVLA Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK i.freiremartin@surrey.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Freire Martín
authors.affiliation: AHVLA Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK.
authors.forename: Manal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: AbuOun
authors.affiliation: AHVLA Thirsk, Station Road, Thirsk, North Yorkshire YO7 1PZ, UK.
authors.forename: Rudolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Reichel
authors.affiliation: AHVLA Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Duke of Kent Building, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK.
authors.forename: Roberto M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: La Ragione
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Reading, Whiteknights Park, Reading RG6 5AP, UK.
authors.forename: Martin J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Woodward
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001483:Base Sequence; D002439:Cefotaxime / Q000494:pharmacology; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary; D022761:Gene Transfer, Horizontal; D007710:Klebsiella Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary; D007711:Klebsiella pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009154:Mutation; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000188:drug therapy; D019779:Salmonella enterica / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013552:Swine; D006113:United Kingdom; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; C055184:beta-lactamase TEM-3; D001618:beta-Lactamases; D002439:Cefotaxime
keywords: ESBLs; Enterobacteriaceae; veterinary microbiology