title: Vitreous hyper-reflective dots in optical coherence tomography and cystoid macular edema after uneventful phacoemulsification surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the observation of hyper-reflective dots in the vitreous cavity using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) after uneventful phacoemulsification cataract surgery and to investigate their association with cystoid macular edema (CME).
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records of consecutive Asian patients who had no preoperative retinopathy and underwent uneventful phacoemulsification cataract surgery from March 2012 through February 2013 were reviewed. SD-OCTs were performed before, 1 week, and 1 month after surgery. The number of vitreous hyper-reflective dots (VHDs) was counted in 5 OCT images of high-definition 5-line raster scans. The development of CME was assessed using postoperative 1-month OCT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 74 eyes of 74 patients, all of three SD-OCTs with a signal to noise ratio of 0.6 or more were available and were analyzed in this study. In preoperative OCT, the VHD was observed in 2 (2.7%) of 74 eyes; one eye had 1 VHD and the other eye had 2 VHDs. In 72 eyes with no preoperative VHD, VHDs were observed in 40 (55.6%) eyes at 1 week after the surgery. In the multivariate analysis, the number of VHDs measured at 1 week after the surgery was significantly associated with CME development at 1 month after the surgery (odds ratio = 1.93, 95% confidence interval = 1.15 to 3.24, P = 0.012).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VHDs were frequently observed in OCT after uneventful phacoemulsification cataract surgery. VHDs observed at 1 week after the surgery may be a risk factor for the development of pseudophakic CME. Further studies are needed to identify the source of the VHDs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jong-Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America.
authors.forename: Roy S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Chuck
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Rock
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Do
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, South Korea.
authors.forename: Choul Yong
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008269:Macular Edema / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018918:Phacoemulsification / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence
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