title: National patterns of Escherichia coli O157 infections, USA, 1996-2011.
abstract: US public health laboratories began reporting Escherichia coli O157 isolates to CDC in 1996. We describe temporal and geographical patterns of isolates reported from 1996 to 2011 and demographics of persons whose specimens yielded isolates. We calculated annual E. coli O157 isolation rates/100 000 persons by patient's state of residence, county of residence, age, and sex using census data. The average annual isolation rate was 0·84. The average isolation rate in northern states (1·52) was higher than in southern states (0·43). Counties with ⩾76% rural population had a lower isolation rate (0·67) than counties with ⩽25%, 26-50%, and 51-75% rural populations (0·81, 0·92, and 0·81, respectively). The highest isolation rate (3·19) was in children aged 1-4 years. Infections were seasonal with 49% of isolates collected during July to September. Research into reasons for higher incidence in northern states and for seasonality could guide strategies to prevent illnesses.
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,Atlanta, GA,USA.
authors.forename: S V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Sodha
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,Atlanta, GA,USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Heiman
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,Atlanta, GA,USA.
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Gould
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,Atlanta, GA,USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bishop
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,Atlanta, GA,USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iwamoto
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,Atlanta, GA,USA.
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Swerdlow
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,Atlanta, GA,USA.
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Griffin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D019453:Escherichia coli O157; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012621:Seasons; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
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