title: Expression of neural markers by undifferentiated mesenchymal-like stem cells from different sources.
abstract: The spontaneous expression of neural markers, already demonstrated in bone marrow (BM) mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), has been considered as evidence of the MSCs' predisposition to differentiate toward neural lineages, supporting their use in stem cell-based therapy for neural repair. In this study we have evaluated, by immunocytochemistry, immunoblotting, and flow cytometry experiments, the expression of neural markers in undifferentiated MSCs from different sources: human adipose stem cells (hASCs), human skin-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hS-MSCs), human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs,) and human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). Our results demonstrate that the neuronal markers β III-tubulin and NeuN, unlike other evaluated markers, are spontaneously expressed by a very high percentage of undifferentiated hASCs, hS-MSCs, hPDLSCs, and hDPSCs. Conversely, the neural progenitor marker nestin is expressed only by a high percentage of undifferentiated hPDLSCs and hDPSCs. Our results suggest that the expression of β III-tubulin and NeuN could be a common feature of stem cells and not exclusive to neuronal cells. This could result in a reassessment of the use of β III-tubulin and NeuN as the only evidence proving neuronal differentiation. Further studies will be necessary to elucidate the relevance of the spontaneous expression of these markers in stem cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy.
authors.forename: Dana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Foudah
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy.
authors.forename: Marianna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Monfrini
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy.
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Donzelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20129 Milano, Italy ; IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, 20161 Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Niada
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20129 Milano, Italy ; IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, 20161 Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Anna T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Brini
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences-Histology, University Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Monia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Orciani
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tredici
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy.
authors.forename: Mariarosaria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miloso
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D034961:Antigens, Nuclear / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008963:Molar / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D064231:Nestin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D009928:Organ Specificity; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D061251:Primary Cell Culture; D012867:Skin / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D014404:Tubulin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D034961:Antigens, Nuclear; D015415:Biomarkers; C577484:NES protein, human; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D064231:Nestin; C498585:TUBB3 protein, human; D014404:Tubulin; C506808:neuronal nuclear antigen NeuN, human
references.citation: Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 2000;11(3):279-303
references.pmid: 11021631
references.citation: Cells Tissues Organs. 2012;196(6):490-500
references.pmid: 22739146
references.citation: Gene. 2012 Dec 15;511(2):427-36
references.pmid: 23000064
references.citation: Transplantation. 2005 Sep 27;80(6):836-42
references.pmid: 16210973
references.citation: Stem Cells Dev. 2013 May 1;22(9):1455-76
references.pmid: 23336433
references.citation: Biosci Rep. 2010 Apr 15;30(5):319-30
references.pmid: 20406197
references.citation: Neurochem Int. 2003 Apr;42(5):419-29
references.pmid: 12510025
references.citation: J Dent Res. 2009 Sep;88(9):792-806
references.pmid: 19767575
references.citation: Cell Mol Life Sci. 2004 Oct;61(19-20):2510-22
references.pmid: 15526158
references.citation: Dev Dyn. 2007 Dec;236(12):3242-54
references.pmid: 17823935
references.citation: Biochim Biophys Acta. 2011 Jan;1815(1):26-43
references.pmid: 20940030
references.citation: Eur J Cell Biol. 2011 Oct;90(10):872-8
references.pmid: 21820201
references.citation: J Neurosci Res. 2003 Aug 1;73(3):400-9
references.pmid: 12868073
references.citation: Neurochem Res. 2000 Oct;25(9-10):1439-51
references.pmid: 11059815
references.citation: Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2001 Jul;33(7):637-68
references.pmid: 11390274
references.citation: Development. 1992 Sep;116(1):201-11
references.pmid: 1483388
references.citation: Int J Oncol. 2012 Mar;40(3):695-702
references.pmid: 22159867
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2001 Oct 12;276(41):37731-4
references.pmid: 11459852
references.citation: Br J Dermatol. 2012 Jul;167(1):68-76
references.pmid: 22356229
references.citation: Cell Motil Cytoskeleton. 2003 Jun;55(2):77-96
references.pmid: 12740870
references.citation: Mol Cell Neurosci. 2008 Oct;39(2):285-90
references.pmid: 18691653
references.citation: PLoS One. 2011;6(6):e21585
references.pmid: 21747913
references.citation: Haemostasis. 1986;16(3-4):258-72
references.pmid: 3530901
references.citation: Skin Pharmacol Physiol. 2010;23(3):124-32
references.pmid: 20051713
references.citation: J Tissue Eng Regen Med. 2007 Mar-Apr;1(2):154-7
references.pmid: 18038404
references.citation: Stem Cells Dev. 2006 Apr;15(2):141-64
references.pmid: 16646662
references.citation: Microvasc Res. 2012 Mar;83(2):257-62
references.pmid: 21958528
references.citation: Cytometry A. 2013 Jan;83(1):48-61
references.pmid: 23027703
references.citation: Biomed Res Int. 2013;2013:182965
references.pmid: 23841055
references.citation: PLoS One. 2012;7(6):e38486
references.pmid: 22701651
references.citation: Cytotherapy. 2006;8(4):315-7
references.pmid: 16923606
references.citation: Cell Immunol. 2010;264(2):171-9
references.pmid: 20619400
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2009 Nov 6;284(45):31052-61
references.pmid: 19713214
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 1997 Feb 14;272(7):4252-60
references.pmid: 9020141
references.citation: Annu Rev Neurosci. 1996;19:187-217
references.pmid: 8833441
references.citation: Free Radic Biol Med. 2010 Sep 1;49(5):830-8
references.pmid: 20541604
references.citation: Cell Mol Biol Lett. 2013 Jun;18(2):163-86
references.pmid: 23430457
references.citation: J Clin Invest. 2012 Jan;122(1):80-90
references.pmid: 22133879
references.citation: Cell Tissue Res. 2014 Jan;355(1):121-30
references.pmid: 24104559
references.citation: Cytotherapy. 2009;11(6):793-803
references.pmid: 19878065
references.citation: Stem Cells Dev. 2012 Dec 10;21(18):3309-23
references.pmid: 22651824
references.citation: J Child Neurol. 2003 Dec;18(12):851-66; discussion 867
references.pmid: 14736079
references.citation: Histochem Cell Biol. 2011 Oct;136(4):455-73
references.pmid: 21879347