title: Quinolone resistance mechanisms in Salmonella enterica serovars Hadar, Kentucky, Virchow, Schwarzengrund, and 4,5,12:i:-, isolated from humans in Switzerland, and identification of a novel qnrD variant, qnrD2, in S. Hadar.
abstract: Human isolates of Salmonella enterica serovars Hadar, Kentucky, Virchow, Schwarzengrund, and the monophasic variant of S. Typhimurium, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar 4,5,12:i:- were examined for mutations within the quinolone resistance target genes gyrA, gyrB, parC, and parE and for plasmid-mediated resistance genes. Differences were observed among the serovars. A novel variant of qnrD, qnrD2, was detected in an S. Hadar isolate.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Helga
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Abgottspon
authors.affiliation: Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zurfluh
authors.affiliation: Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nüesch-Inderbinen
authors.affiliation: Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Herbert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hächler
authors.affiliation: Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland stephanr@fsafety.uzh.ch.
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stephan
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001483:Base Sequence; D027081:DNA Gyrase / Q000235:genetics*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009268:Nalidixic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics; D015363:Quinolones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019779:Salmonella enterica / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D065288:Serogroup; D013557:Switzerland
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D015363:Quinolones; D009268:Nalidixic Acid; D027081:DNA Gyrase
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