title: Predicting of perceived self efficacy in the amount of macronutrients intake in women with metabolic syndrome - 2012.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Metabolic syndrome is a collection of metabolic disorders, which can increase the mortality rates from 20% to 80%. One of strategies to control the disease is the attention to the dietary habits. Compliance with proper diet is one of the major challenges in the management of this syndrome. Due to this fact, that the patient is responsible for the adjustment of the daily diet, it is important to identify the factors affecting the adoption of nutritional self-care. Besides, self-efficacy is considered as an important pre-requisite for this behavior because it acts as an independent part of the basic skills. This study was carried out with the purpose of determining the predictive role of perceived self-efficacy on macronutrients intake in women with metabolic syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this descriptive study with correlational nature in 2012, there were 329 patients with the metabolic syndrome. The patients were covered by Isfahan oil industry medical centers and selected by a systematic method. In order to gather information on perceived self-efficacy, the questionnaires constructed by the researchers were used and the validity and reliability had been confirmed by the calculation of content validity indexand content validity ratio values and the indices of internal consistency and stability of the tool. The 24-h dietary recall questionnaire was also used for 3 days in order to investigate the nutritional behavior. The obtained data from the dietary recall questionnaire were analyzed by the N4 nutritional software. In this study, AMOS software version 16 was used for the structural model fitting by using the generalized least squares method besides the SPSS statistical software version 16.
  
  
  RESULTS
  THESE AVERAGES OBTAINED FROM THE RESULTS: 2512.37 kcal energy intake, 70.95 g protein, 420 g carbohydrates and 61.61 g of fat per day. The mean of perceived self-efficacy score was 47.89. The Pearson correlation coefficient was indicated a significant inverse relationship between the perceived self-efficacy and intake of macronutrients in the metabolic syndrome. The most direct effect of the coefficient of perceived self-efficacy was observed on fat and carbohydrate intake (P < 0.05 and β = -0.592) and (P < 0.05 and β = -0.395).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The amount of energy, carbohydrate, fat and protein were more than the recommended dietary allowances levels and the amount of self-efficacy was moderate. The present study showed that perceived self-efficacy provided a useful framework to understand and predict adherence to dietary self-care behaviors in patients with metabolic syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Nutrition Sciences Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
authors.forename: Siamak
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mohebi
authors.affiliation: Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Leila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Azadbakht
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Avat
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Feizi
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Gholamreza
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sharifirad
authors.affiliation: Nutrition Sciences Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hozori
keywords: Macronutrients; metabolic syndrome; perceived social support
references.citation: East Mediterr Health J. 2004 Nov;10(6):887-97
references.pmid: 16335777
references.citation: Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2008 Oct;116(9):525-31
references.pmid: 18523915
references.citation: Nutr Hosp. 2004 Nov-Dec;19(6):353-61
references.pmid: 15672651
references.citation: Diabet Med. 1996 Jul;13(7):656-62
references.pmid: 8840101
references.citation: Nurs Res. 2000 May-Jun;49(3):122-9
references.pmid: 10882316
references.citation: J Am Diet Assoc. 2006 Aug;106(8):1172-80
references.pmid: 16863711
references.citation: J Nutr. 2009 Feb;139(2):335-9
references.pmid: 19074209
references.citation: Diabetes Care. 2008 Feb;31(2):223-6
references.pmid: 18000178
references.citation: Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2005 May;75(3):195-200
references.pmid: 16028635
references.citation: Diabetes Educ. 2003 Jul-Aug;29(4):653-62
references.pmid: 13677176
references.citation: Am Fam Physician. 2004 Jun 15;69(12):2875-82
references.pmid: 15222652
references.citation: Diabetes Care. 2004 Apr;27(4):984-7
references.pmid: 15047660
references.citation: Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2001 Mar;52(2):127-32
references.pmid: 11303460
references.citation: Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Oct;88(4):913-21
references.pmid: 18842776
references.citation: J Nutr. 2001 Apr;131(4):1322-6
references.pmid: 11285345
references.citation: Int J Obes (Lond). 2005 Aug;29(8):950-6
references.pmid: 15917854
references.citation: J Adv Nurs. 1999 Aug;30(2):431-8
references.pmid: 10457246
references.citation: Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2004 Oct;66(1):71-7
references.pmid: 15364164
references.citation: Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2001 Aug;155(8):897-902
references.pmid: 11483116
references.citation: J Gen Intern Med. 2003 Nov;18(11):893-902
references.pmid: 14687274
references.citation: Int J Cardiol. 2008 Dec 17;131(1):90-6
references.pmid: 18190978
references.citation: J Adv Nurs. 2004 Dec;48(5):463-74
references.pmid: 15533084
references.citation: Pediatr Diabetes. 2001 Mar;2(1):30-9
references.pmid: 15016208
references.citation: Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2008 Mar;24(2):198-203
references.pmid: 18301271
references.citation: Diabetes Educ. 2000 Jul-Aug;26(4):673-80
references.pmid: 11212851
references.citation: Arch Intern Med. 2004 May 24;164(10):1066-76
references.pmid: 15159263
references.citation: J Behav Med. 1993 Oct;16(5):509-22
references.pmid: 8254654
references.citation: East Mediterr Health J. 2004 Nov;10(6):853-62
references.pmid: 16335773
references.citation: Eur J Clin Nutr. 1999 May;53 Suppl 2:S67-71
references.pmid: 10406441
references.citation: Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2007 Feb;32(1):46-60
references.pmid: 17332784
references.citation: Curr Opin Lipidol. 2001 Aug;12(4):395-404
references.pmid: 11507324
references.citation: Public Health Nutr. 2002 Feb;5(1A):149-55
references.pmid: 12027278
references.citation: Diabetes Care. 1992 Jan;15(1):90-4
references.pmid: 1737547
references.citation: Diabetes Care. 2001 Apr;24(4):683-9
references.pmid: 11315831
references.citation: Eur J Clin Nutr. 2008 May;62(5):660-4
references.pmid: 17426738
references.citation: Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Mar;85(3):735-41
references.pmid: 17344494
references.citation: Am J Med Sci. 2005 Dec;330(6):273-9
references.pmid: 16355011
references.citation: Diabetes Care. 2005 Dec;28(12):2823-31
references.pmid: 16306540
references.citation: Nutr J. 2005 Feb 09;4:4
references.pmid: 15703071
references.citation: BMC Fam Pract. 2004 Nov 16;5:26
references.pmid: 15546482
references.citation: Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2005;14(2):163-8
references.pmid: 15927934
references.citation: J Nutr. 2005 Feb;135(2):273-8
references.pmid: 15671225
references.citation: Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2008 Dec 12;7:35
references.pmid: 19077281
references.citation: Am J Prev Med. 2002 May;22(4 Suppl):10-4
references.pmid: 11985932
references.citation: J Nurs Scholarsh. 2004;36(2):102-8
references.pmid: 15227755
references.citation: Diabetes Educ. 2004 Nov-Dec;30(6):980-93
references.pmid: 15641619
references.citation: Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2003;12(3):337-43
references.pmid: 14505998
references.citation: Proc Nutr Soc. 2005 Aug;64(3):349-57
references.pmid: 16048668
references.citation: Gerontologist. 2001 Dec;41(6):787-98
references.pmid: 11723347
references.citation: Diab Vasc Dis Res. 2007 Mar;4(1):32-8
references.pmid: 17469041
references.citation: Sch Inq Nurs Pract. 2001 Fall;15(3):183-8
references.pmid: 11871578
references.citation: Diabetes Care. 2007 Apr;30(4):974-9
references.pmid: 17229942
references.citation: Diabetes Care. 2001 Mar;24(3):561-87
references.pmid: 11289485
references.citation: Epidemiol Rev. 2004;26:63-77
references.pmid: 15234948
references.citation: Res Social Adm Pharm. 2005 Dec;1(4):508-25
references.pmid: 17138493
references.citation: Res Theory Nurs Pract. 2005 Fall;19(3):217-30
references.pmid: 16144240
references.citation: Diabetes Care. 2005 Apr;28(4):882-7
references.pmid: 15793190
references.citation: West J Nurs Res. 2006 Jun;28(4):449-68; discussion 469-74
references.pmid: 16672632
references.citation: J Am Diet Assoc. 2006 May;106(5):689-97
references.pmid: 16647326
references.citation: Med Care. 1987 Sep;25(9):868-81
references.pmid: 3320598