title: Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with graphene/polyaniline nanocomposite modified electrode for the determination of sulfonamide residues.
abstract: An ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled with graphene/polyaniline (G/PANI)-modified screen-printed carbon electrode was developed for separation and sensitive determination of eight sulfonamides (SAs) in shrimp. Electrospraying was selected for electrode modification because it can generate the well dispersion of G/PANI nanocomposites on the electrode surface. Prior to electrochemical detection, eight SAs were completely separated within 7 min by using reversed phase UPLC (C4) with mobile phase containing 70:25:5 (v/v/v) of potassium hydrogen phosphate (pH 3):acetonitrile:ethanol. For amperometric detection, the detection potential acquired from hydrodynamic voltammetry was found to be +1.4V. Under optimal conditions, a wide linearity and low limit of detection were obtained for eight SAs in the range of 0.01-10 µg mL(-1) and 1.162-6.127 ng mL(-1), respectively. Compared to boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode, a G/PANI-modified screen-printed carbon electrode offered higher sensitivity with lower operating cost. To determine SAs in shrimp samples, solid-phase extraction was used to clean up and preconcentrate the samples prior to UPLC separation. To validate this developed method, a highly quantitative agreement was accomplished with UPLC-UV system. Thus, this proposed system might be an alternative approach for rapid, inexpensive, and sensitive determination of SAs in shrimps.
authors.affiliation: Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
authors.forename: Nupattaranee
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Thammasoontaree
authors.affiliation: Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
authors.forename: Poomrat
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rattanarat
authors.affiliation: Program in Macromolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
authors.forename: Nipapan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ruecha
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Sukumvit 23 Road, Wattana 10110, Thailand.
authors.forename: Weena
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Siangproh
authors.affiliation: Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
authors.forename: Nadnudda
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rodthongkum
authors.affiliation: Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Petrochemicals, and Materials Technology, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. Electronic address: corawon@chula.ac.th.
authors.forename: Orawon
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Chailapakul
mesh_terms: D000097:Acetonitriles / Q000737:chemistry; D000814:Aniline Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D004566:Electrodes; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D015394:Molecular Structure; D053761:Nanocomposites / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D033561:Penaeidae / Q000737:chemistry; D010710:Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry; D017680:Potassium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D000097:Acetonitriles; D000814:Aniline Compounds; D010710:Phosphates; D017680:Potassium Compounds; D013449:Sulfonamides; C416807:polyaniline; D000431:Ethanol; D006108:Graphite; C013216:potassium phosphate; C032159:acetonitrile
keywords: Electrospraying; Graphene; Polyaniline; Sulfonamides; UPLC