title: Enhanced degradation of textile effluent in constructed wetland system using Typha domingensis and textile effluent-degrading endophytic bacteria.
abstract: Textile effluent is one of the main contributors of water pollution and it adversely affects fauna and flora. Constructed wetland is a promising approach to remediate the industrial effluent. The detoxification of industrial effluent in a constructed wetland system may be enhanced by applying beneficial bacteria that are able to degrade contaminants present in industrial effluent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of inoculation of textile effluent-degrading endophytic bacteria on the detoxification of textile effluent in a vertical flow constructed wetland reactor. A wetland plant, Typha domingensis, was vegetated in reactor and inoculated with two endophytic bacterial strains, Microbacterium arborescens TYSI04 and Bacillus pumilus PIRI30. These strains possessed textile effluent-degrading and plant growth-promoting activities. Results indicated that bacterial inoculation improved plant growth, textile effluent degradation and mutagenicity reduction and were correlated with the population of textile effluent-degrading bacteria in the rhizosphere and endosphere of T. domingensis. Bacterial inoculation enhanced textile effluent-degrading bacterial population in rhizosphere, root and shoot of T. domingensis. Significant reductions in COD (79%), BOD (77%) TDS (59%) and TSS (27%) were observed by the combined use of plants and bacteria within 72 h. The resultant effluent meets the wastewater discharge standards of Pakistan and can be discharged into the environment without any risks. This study revealed that the combined use of plant and endophytic bacteria is one of the approaches to enhance textile effluent degradation in a constructed wetland system.
authors.affiliation: Soil and Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P. O. Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shehzadi
authors.affiliation: Soil and Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P. O. Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Electronic address: afzal@nibge.org.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Afzal
authors.affiliation: Soil and Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P. O. Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad Umar
authors.initials: MU
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Soil and Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P. O. Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Ejazul
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.affiliation: Soil and Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P. O. Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Amina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mobin
authors.affiliation: Soil and Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P. O. Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Samina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Anwar
authors.affiliation: Soil and Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P. O. Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Qaiser Mahmood
authors.initials: QM
authors.lastname: Khan
mesh_terms: D001407:Bacillus; D001419:Bacteria; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D057919:Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; D018533:Biomass; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D010154:Pakistan; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000382:microbiology; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000382:microbiology; D058441:Rhizosphere; D013783:Textile Industry; D032401:Typhaceae / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology*; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D062065:Wastewater / Q000382:microbiology / Q000633:toxicity; D053833:Wetlands
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D062065:Wastewater
keywords: Constructed wetland; Endophytic bacteria; Phytoremediation; Plant-endophyte partnership; Textile effluent