title: Behavioral and anticonvulsant effects of the standardized extract of Ficus platyphylla stem bark.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Decoctions of Ficus platyphylla Del.-Holl (Family: Moraceae) are used in Nigeria׳s folk medicine for the management of epilepsy and their efficacies are widely acclaimed among the rural communities of northern Nigeria. The aim of the study is to examine the behavioral and anticonvulsant properties of the standardized methanol extract of Ficus platyphylla (FP) stem bark, in order to scientifically describe its potential values in the management of convulsive disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and preliminary phytochemical analysis of the methanol extract were utilized and the intraperitoneal median lethal dose (LD50) determined in mice. The effects of FP were investigated on some murine models of behavior and its anticonvulsant effects studied on pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-, strychnine (STN)-, picrotoxin (PCT)-, isoniazid (INH)-, aminophylline (AMI)- and maximal electroshock (MES)-induced seizures in mice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The intraperitoneal oral LD50 of FP was estimated to be 5000mg/kg. FP significantly reduced the locomotor activities including the total distance covered, speed, active time and rearing counts. It shortened the onset and prolonged the duration of diazepam-induced sleep, but had no effect on motor coordination on the rota-rod treadmill or beam-walking assay in mice at the doses tested. The extract protected the mice against PTZ- and STN-induced seizures and significantly delayed the latencies of myoclonic jerks and tonic seizures induced by all the standard convulsant agents (PTZ, PCT, INH, STN and AMI) used in this study, but failed to protect the mice against MES seizures at the doses tested. The HPLC fingerprint of the extract shows a spectrum profile characteristic of Ficus platyphylla, while the preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of saponins, flavonoids and tannins.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study provides scientific evidence that FP may contain psychoactive principles with potential anticonvulsant properties, thus supporting further development of the psychoactive components of this plant as anticonvulsant agents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, P.M.B. 21, Abuja, Nigeria; Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany. Electronic address: bachindo@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Ben A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Chindo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Jamilu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ya'U
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Nuhu M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Danjuma
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Plant Research and Traditional Medicine, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, P.M.B. 21, Abuja, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Samuel E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Okhale
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, P.M.B. 21, Abuja, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Karniyus S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Gamaniel
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Becker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use* / Q000633:toxicity; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D020834:Ethnopharmacology; D030681:Ficus / Q000737:chemistry*; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008297:Male; D016488:Medicine, African Traditional; D051379:Mice; D009549:Nigeria; D024301:Plant Bark / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use* / Q000633:toxicity; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000737:chemistry; D012640:Seizures / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Anticonvulsant; Behavior; Ficus platyphylla; Mice