title: Carriage rate and effects of vaccination after outbreaks of serogroup C meningococcal disease, Brazil, 2010.
abstract: During 2010, outbreaks of serogroup C meningococcal (MenC) disease occurred in 2 oil refineries in São Paulo State, Brazil, leading to mass vaccination of employees at 1 refinery with a meningococcal polysaccharide A/C vaccine. A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the prevalence of meningococci carriage among workers at both refineries and to investigate the effect of vaccination on and the risk factors for pharyngeal carriage of meningococci. Among the vaccinated and nonvaccinated workers, rates of overall meningococci carriage (21.4% and 21.6%, respectively) and of MenC carriage (6.3% and 4.9%, respectively) were similar. However, a MenC strain belonging to the sequence type103 complex predominated and was responsible for the increased incidence of meningococcal disease in Brazil. A low education level was associated with higher risk of meningococci carriage. Polysaccharide vaccination did not affect carriage or interrupt transmission of the epidemic strain. These findings will help inform future vaccination strategies.
authors.forename: Marco Aurelio Palazzi
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sáfadi
authors.forename: Telma Regina Marques Pinto
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Carvalhanas
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Paula de Lemos
authors.forename: Maria Cecilia Outeiro
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Gorla
authors.forename: Maristela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salgado
authors.forename: Lucila O
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Fukasawa
authors.forename: Maria Gisele
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Higa
authors.forename: Maria Cristina Cunto
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Brandileone
authors.forename: Claudio Tavares
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Sacchi
authors.forename: Ana Freitas
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.forename: Helena Keico
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Lucia Ferro
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Bricks
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cassio de Moraes
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002353:Carrier State / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008585:Meningitis, Meningococcal / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D008589:Meningococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000266:history / Q000517:prevention & control*; D022401:Meningococcal Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D058885:Multilocus Sequence Typing; D012307:Risk Factors; D012703:Serotyping; D014611:Vaccination; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D022401:Meningococcal Vaccines
keywords: Brazil; Neisseria meningitidis; bacteria; epidemic strain; herd immunity; meningococcal carriage; meningococcal vaccines; meningococcus; serogroup C; transmission; vaccination
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