title: Analysis of smoking and LPO in ALS.
abstract: Smoking has been suggested as one of the risk factor for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) development. In order to investigate whether adverse effects of cigarette smoke in ALS have any association with increase in oxidative stress, disease severity, lipid hydroperoxides (LPO) and superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) levels were measured in biofluids of smoker and never smoker ALS patients and clinically correlated. Serum and CSF from sporadic ALS patients (n=50) diagnosed with El Escorial criteria were collected in the study. Serum (n=50) and CSF (n=42) were also collected from normal healthy controls. The LPO levels were estimated using commercially available kits. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were used to quantitate SOD1. Their levels were further analyzed among smoker and never smoker subjects. Significantly elevated LPO in sera and CSF of ALS patients were observed (p<0.05). There was considerably increased LPO in sera and CSF of smoker ALS subjects matched with disease severity as compared to never smoker ALS (p<0.05). ALS group did not show any alteration in SOD1 when compared to controls (p>0.05). In addition, no change has been observed in SOD1 levels in ALS subjects who smoke (p>0.05). Increased LPO and unaltered SOD1 in ALS patients may suggest the neuro-pathological association of LPO with ALS disease independent of SOD1. With current findings, it may be proposed that LPO levels might constitute as probable biomarker for smoker ALS patients, however, it cannot be concluded without larger gender matched studies. Additional investigations are needed to determine whether LPO upregulation is primary or secondary to motor neuron degeneration in ALS.
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Neurology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India. Electronic address: akshay1anand@rediffmail.com.
authors.forename: Akshay
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Anand
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Neurology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India. Electronic address: ace_pawan@yahoo.co.in.
authors.forename: Pawan K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Neurology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India. Electronic address: sudeshprabhakar@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sudesh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Prabhakar
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160012, India. Electronic address: ssharma643@yahoo.co.in.
authors.forename: Suresh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Neurology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India. Electronic address: kthakur.26@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Keshav
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Thakur
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000690:Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008054:Lipid Peroxides / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012907:Smoking / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000378:metabolism*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D000072105:Superoxide Dismutase-1; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008054:Lipid Peroxides; C000606290:SOD1 protein, human; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D000072105:Superoxide Dismutase-1
keywords: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Cerebrospinal fluid; Lipid hydroperoxides; Serum; Smoking; Superoxide dismutase-1