title: Breaching the nuclear envelope in development and disease.
abstract: In eukaryotic cells the nuclear genome is enclosed by the nuclear envelope (NE). In metazoans, the NE breaks down in mitosis and it has been assumed that the physical barrier separating nucleoplasm and cytoplasm remains intact during the rest of the cell cycle and cell differentiation. However, recent studies suggest that nonmitotic NE remodeling plays a critical role in development, virus infection, laminopathies, and cancer. Although the mechanisms underlying these NE restructuring events are currently being defined, one common theme is activation of protein kinase C family members in the interphase nucleus to disrupt the nuclear lamina, demonstrating the importance of the lamina in maintaining nuclear integrity.
authors.affiliation: Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037.
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hatch
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hetzer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000502:physiology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D005057:Eukaryotic Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D009685:Nuclear Envelope / Q000378:metabolism*; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D011493:Protein Kinase C
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