title: Gel scaffolds of BMP-2-binding peptide amphiphile nanofibers for spinal arthrodesis.
abstract: Peptide amphiphile (PA) nanofibers formed by self-assembly can be customized for specific applications in regenerative medicine through the use of molecules that display bioactive signals on their surfaces. Here, the use of PA nanofibers with binding affinity for the bone promoting growth factor BMP-2 to create a gel scaffold for osteogenesis is reported. With the objective of reducing the amount of BMP-2 used clinically for successful arthrodesis in the spine, amounts of growth factor incorporated in the scaffolds that are 10 to 100 times lower than that those used clinically in collagen scaffolds are used. The efficacy of the bioactive PA system to promote BMP-2-induced osteogenesis in vivo is investigated in a rat posterolateral lumbar intertransverse spinal fusion model. PA nanofiber gels displaying BMP-2-binding segments exhibit superior spinal fusion rates relative to controls, effectively decreasing the required therapeutic dose of BMP-2 by 10-fold. Interestingly, a 42% fusion rate is observed for gels containing the bioactive nanofibers without the use of exogenous BMP-2, suggesting the ability of the nanofiber to recruit endogenous growth factor. Results obtained here demonstrate that bioactive biomaterials with capacity to bind specific growth factors by design are great targets for regenerative medicine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
authors.forename: Sungsoo S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute for BioNanotechnology in Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
authors.forename: Erin L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mendoza
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ghodasra
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Nickoli
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
authors.forename: Amruta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ashtekar
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
authors.forename: Mahesh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Polavarapu
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Babu
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
authors.forename: Rehan M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Riaz
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Nicolas
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
authors.forename: Sohaib Z
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Hashmi
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
authors.forename: Start R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Kaltz
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Earhart
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
authors.forename: Bradley R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Merk
authors.affiliation: Baxter international Inc., Deerfield, IL 60016, USA.
authors.forename: Jeff S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: McKee
authors.affiliation: Baxter international Inc., Deerfield, IL 60016, USA.
authors.forename: Shawn F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Bairstow
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
authors.forename: Ramille N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Neurological Surgery, Institute for BioNanotechnology in Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
authors.forename: Wellington K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
authors.forename: Samuel I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Stupp
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D020007:Implants, Experimental; D051379:Mice; D057139:Nanofibers / Q000737:chemistry*; D010012:Osteogenesis; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013122:Spinal Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D013123:Spinal Fusion; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: C525720:Bmp2 protein, rat; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D010455:Peptides
keywords: BMP-2 (bone morphogenetic protein-2); bone regeneration; peptide amphiphile; regenerative medicine; spinal fusion
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