title: Design and Validation of 3D Printed Complex Bone Models with Internal Anatomic Fidelity for Surgical Training and Rehearsal.
abstract: Physical models of complex bony structures can be used for surgical skills training. Current models focus on surface rendering but suffer from a lack of internal accuracy due to limitations in the manufacturing process. We describe a technique for generating internally accurate rapid-prototyped anatomical models with solid and hollow structures from clinical and microCT data using a 3D printer. In a face validation experiment, otolaryngology residents drilled a cadaveric bone and its corresponding printed model. The printed bone models were deemed highly realistic representations across all measured parameters and the educational value of the models was strongly appreciated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba.
authors.forename: Bertram J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Unger
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba.
authors.forename: Jay
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kraut
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba.
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rhodes
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba.
authors.forename: Jordan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hochman
mesh_terms: D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000473:pathology*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006801:Humans; D000074406:Mastoidectomy / Q000193:education; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D010036:Otolaryngology / Q000193:education*