title: Feasibility of corona discharge ion mobility spectrometry for direct analysis of samples extracted by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction.
abstract: The capability of corona discharge ionization ion mobility spectrometry (CD-IMS) for direct analysis of the samples extracted by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) was investigated and evaluated, for the first time. To that end, an appropriate new injection port was designed and constructed, resulting in possibility of direct injection of the known sample volume, without tedious sample preparation steps (e.g. derivatization, solvent evaporation, and re-solving in another solvent…). Malathion as a test compound was extracted from different matrices by a rapid and convenient DLLME method. The positive ion mobility spectra of the extracted malathion were obtained after direct injection of carbon tetrachloride or methanol solutions. The analyte responses were compared and the statistical results revealed the feasibility of direct analysis of the extracted samples in carbon tetrachloride, resulting in a convenient methodology. The coupled method of DLLME-CD-IMS was exhaustively validated in terms of sensitivity, dynamic range, recovery, and enrichment factor. Finally, various real samples of apple, river and underground water were analyzed, all verifying the feasibility and success of the proposed method for the easy extraction of the analyte using DLLME separation before the direct analysis by CD-IMS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran. Electronic address: jafari@cc.iut.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Mohammad T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Jafari
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.
authors.forename: Farhad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Riahi
mesh_terms: D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride / Q000737:chemistry; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D007477:Ions / Q000737:chemistry; D059627:Liquid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods*; D000432:Methanol / Q000737:chemistry; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013057:Spectrum Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D007477:Ions; D012997:Solvents; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride; D000432:Methanol
keywords: Corona discharge ionization; Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction; Ion mobility spectrometry; Malathion