title: Anastomotic urethroplasty in female urethral stricture guided by cystoscopy - a point of technique.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  During anastomotic urethroplasty for stricture urethra with false passage using standard technique, there remains a chance of anastomosis of normal distal urethra to proximal false lumen. Herein, we present a point of technique in which by using antegrade cystoscope, one cannot just identify and dissect normal anatomical proximal urethral lumen, but also perform some of the steps for anastomosis under direct vision. This will avoid making anastomosis to false lumen and thus leading to further complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report a case of 35-years-female who was presented to us with total mid-urethral stricture with false passage following multiple urethral dilatation attempts. We used antegrade cystoscopy during anastomotic urethroplasty to identify and dissect the proximal end of urethra thereby avoiding anastomosis to false tract.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We successfully performed anastomotic urethroplasty avoiding false passage. Post-operative Uroflow showed Q max of 18 ml/sec. Voiding cystourethrogram post-operatively showed anastomosis between normal anatomical lumens.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This modification of using antegrade cystoscopy helps to identify proximal urethral end which in turn helps in avoiding anastomosis to false tract and ensures anastomosis between normal lumens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, King George's Medical University (erstwhile Chattrapati Shahuji Maharaj Medical University), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Sachin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Patil
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, King George's Medical University (erstwhile Chattrapati Shahuji Maharaj Medical University), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Deepansh
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dalela
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, King George's Medical University (erstwhile Chattrapati Shahuji Maharaj Medical University), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Divakar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dalela
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, King George's Medical University (erstwhile Chattrapati Shahuji Maharaj Medical University), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Apul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goel
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, King George's Medical University (erstwhile Chattrapati Shahuji Maharaj Medical University), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Pushpalata
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sankhwar
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, King George's Medical University (erstwhile Chattrapati Shahuji Maharaj Medical University), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Satya N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Sankhwar
keywords: Anastomotic urethroplasty; antegrade cystoscopy; female urethral stricture
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