title: From trauma in austere environments to combat or medical school: how blended hyper-realism in the real and virtual worlds can better prepare surgeons.
abstract: Surgical and simulation development have always been closely associated with military activity. The last ten years have continued that trend, allowing for training in real time, under reality-based conditions, learning technical and clinical skills with the dynamic of true human factors and team training in the actual environment. We present data from diverse activities in three separate scenarios: second-year medical students in clinical scenarios; the U.S. Ski Team physicians training in austere conditions; the U.S. Navy Fleet Surgical Team training for sea and land deployment.
authors.affiliation: Rocky Vista University.
authors.forename: Anthony J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Laporta
authors.affiliation: Rocky Vista University.
authors.forename: Tuan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hoang
authors.affiliation: Rocky Vista University.
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moloff
authors.affiliation: Rocky Vista University.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tieman
authors.affiliation: Rocky Vista University.
authors.forename: Brian D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.affiliation: Rocky Vista University.
authors.forename: Sean
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Slack
authors.affiliation: Rocky Vista University.
authors.forename: Carissa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chalut
authors.affiliation: Rocky Vista University.
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Rocky Vista University.
authors.forename: Alicia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Unangst
mesh_terms: D003194:Computer-Assisted Instruction / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D004501:Education, Medical / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D000070856:High Fidelity Simulation Training / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000193:education; D016544:Patient Simulation; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000193:education* / Q000379:methods; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*