title: Characterization of the effects of a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) on mitochondrial bioenergetics of chronologically aged yeast.
abstract: Increased membrane unsaturation has been associated with shorter longevity due to higher sensitivity to lipid peroxidation (LP) leading to enhanced mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS overproduction. However, the role of LP during aging has been put in doubt along with the participation of electron leak at the electron transport chain (ETC) in ROS generation in aged organisms. Thus, to test these hypothesis and gain further information about how minimizing LP preserves ETC function during aging, we studied the effects of α-linolenic acid (C18:3) on in situ mitochondrial ETC function, ROS production and viability of chronologically aged cells of S. cerevisiae, whose membranes are intrinsically resistant to LP due to the lack of PUFA. Increased sensitivity to LP was observed in cells cultured with C18:3 at 6 days of aging. This was associated with higher viability loss, dissipated membrane potential, impaired respiration and increased ROS generation, being these effects more evident at 28 days. However, at this point, lower sensitivity to LP was observed without changes in the membrane content of C18:3, suggesting the activation of a mechanism counteracting LP. The cells without C18:3 display better viability and mitochondrial functionality with lower ROS generation even at 28 days of aging and this was attributed to full preservation of complex III activity. These results indicate that the presence of PUFA in membranes enhances ETC dysfunction and electron leak and suggest that complex III is crucial to preserve membrane potential and to maintain a low rate of ROS production during aging.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio B-3, Avenida Fco. J. Mújica S/N, Morelia, Mich, 58030, México.
authors.forename: Roxana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aguilar-Toral
authors.forename: Maricela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fernández-Quintero
authors.forename: Omar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ortiz-Avila
authors.forename: Lucio Hernández
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: de la Paz
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Calderón-Cortés
authors.forename: Alain Raimundo
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Orozco
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saavedra-Molina
authors.forename: Marissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Calderón-Torres
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cortés-Rojo
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid
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