title: Neuroprotective effect of oral choline administration after global brain ischemia in rats.
abstract: Choline - now recognized as an essential nutrient - is the most common polar group found in the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane bilayer. Brain ischemia-reperfusion causes lipid peroxidation triggering multiple cell death pathways involving necrosis and apoptosis. Membrane breakdown is, therefore, a major pathophysiologic event in brain ischemia. The ability to achieve membrane repair is a critical step for survival of ischemic neurons following reperfusion injury. The availability of choline is a rate-limiting factor in phospholipid synthesis and, therefore, may be important for timely membrane repair and cell survival. This work aimed at verifying the effects of 7-day oral administration with different doses of choline on survival of CA1 hippocampal neurons following transient global forebrain ischemia in rats. The administration of 400 mg/kg/day divided into two daily doses for 7 consecutive days significantly improved CA1 pyramidal cell survival, indicating that the local availability of this essential nutrient may limit postischemic neuronal survival.
authors.forename: Andrea Aurélio
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Borges
authors.forename: Philipe Nicolas
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: El-Batah
authors.forename: Lilia Fumie
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: Aline dos Santos
authors.initials: Ados S
authors.lastname: Santana
authors.forename: Antonio Carlos
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.forename: Edna
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Freymuller-Haapalainen
authors.forename: Cicero Galli
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Coimbra
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sinigaglia-Coimbra
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D056547:CA1 Region, Hippocampal / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002794:Choline / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D002794:Choline
keywords: Choline; Global brain ischemia; Lipid peroxidation; Membrane; Neurodegeneration; Neuroprotection; Rat; Toxicity