title: Effects of the application sequence of calcium-containing desensitising pastes during etch-and-rinse adhesive restoration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of different application sequence of calcium-containing desensitising pastes on bonding effectiveness and tubule occlusion during etch-and-rinse (E&R) adhesive restoration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy molars were sectioned parallel to the occlusal plane, polished and randomly divided into seven groups (n=10). Group 1 was etched with 35% phosphoric acid for 15s. Groups 2-4 were treated with different calcium-containing desensitisers, including an arginine-calcium carbonate (Arg-CaCO3)-containing paste, a casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP)-containing paste and a calcium-sodium phosphosilicate (Novamin)-containing paste, respectively. Afterward, these groups were etched with 35% phosphoric acid for 15s. Groups 5-7 were initially etched and then treated with Arg-CaCO3-, CPP-ACP- and Novamin-containing desensitisers, respectively. In each group, samples were equally distributed into two subgroups (n=5) to bond with either a two-step E&R adhesive Adper SingleBond 2 (SB) or a three-step E&R adhesive Adper ScotchBond Multi-Purpose (SBMP). The microtensile bond strengths (MTBS) were tested and fracture modes were analyzed by stereomicroscopy and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Eight additional dentine disks were prepared to evaluate tubule occlusion prior to bonding using FESEM.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The application sequence of calcium-containing desensitising pastes did not significantly affect MTBS irrespective of two-step SB (P>0.05) or three-step SBMP E&R adhesives (P>0.05). Effective dentinal tubule occlusion was observed in the mode of etching-desensitising.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Applying calcium-containing desensitisers (particularly Arg-CaCO3- and Novamin-based) after etching during E&R adhesive restoration could achieve effective tubule occlusion without affecting the bonding strength.
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hongye
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatology Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Dandan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pei
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhiyong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jinmei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Liqun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: huangcui@whu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Cui
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods; D000268:Adhesiveness; D001120:Arginine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D002118:Calcium / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D002119:Calcium Carbonate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D002364:Caseins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D003804:Dentin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D057133:Dentin Desensitizing Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D005459:Fluorides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D005898:Glass / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010710:Phosphates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D010756:Phosphoric Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D011897:Random Allocation; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013718:Tensile Strength; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: C554641:Adper single bond 2; D002364:Caseins; D003738:Dental Cements; D057133:Dentin Desensitizing Agents; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; C510984:NovaMin; D010710:Phosphates; D010756:Phosphoric Acids; D019279:Resin Cements; C084018:Scotchbond Multi-Purpose; C447032:casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate nanocomplex; C585805:pro-argin; D001120:Arginine; C030242:phosphoric acid; D002119:Calcium Carbonate; D005459:Fluorides; D002118:Calcium
keywords: Application sequence; Dentine bonding; Dentine hypersensitivity; Desensitising paste; Etch-and-rinse adhesive