title: Ecotoxicological effects of carbon nanotubes and cellulose nanofibers in Chlorella vulgaris.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  MWCNT and CNF are interesting NPs that possess great potential for applications in various fields such as water treatment, reinforcement materials and medical devices. However, the rapid dissemination of NPs can impact the environment and in the human health. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the MWCNT and cotton CNF toxicological effects on freshwater green microalgae Chlorella vulgaris.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exposure to MWCNT and cotton CNF led to reductions on algal growth and cell viability. NP exposure induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and a decreased of intracellular ATP levels. Addition of NPs further induced ultrastructural cell damage. MWCNTs penetrate the cell membrane and individual MWCNTs are seen in the cytoplasm while no evidence of cotton CNFs was found inside the cells. Cellular uptake of MWCNT was observed in algae cells cultured in BB medium, but cells cultured in Seine river water did not internalize MWCNTs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Under the conditions tested, such results confirmed that exposure to MWCNTs and to cotton CNFs affects cell viability and algal growth.
authors.forename: Michele M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Ludovic
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mouton
authors.forename: Claude
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yéprémian
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Couté
authors.forename: Joanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Marconcini
authors.forename: Luiz O
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Ladeira
authors.forename: Nádia R B
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Raposo
authors.forename: Humberto M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Brandão
authors.affiliation: Interfaces, Traitements, Organisation et Dynamique des Systèmes (ITODYS), University of Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 7086 Paris, France. roberta.brayner@univ-paris-diderot.fr.
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brayner
mesh_terms: D002482:Cellulose / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D048408:Chlorella vulgaris / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D057139:Nanofibers / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D010788:Photosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D002482:Cellulose
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