title: On the estimation of silent period thresholds in transcranial magnetic stimulation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the induction of corticospinal silent period (SP) using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) at stimulation intensities normalized to resting motor threshold (rMT) or silent period thresholds (SPTs). The aim was to reduce the characteristic inter-individual variation in SP measurements in healthy population to improve the sensitivity of such measurements.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cortical representation area of the right hand musculature of 12 healthy subjects was stimulated with navigated TMS with varying stimulating intensities. Subsequently, the individual SPTs for eliciting SPs of 20, 30, and 50ms in duration were determined from the input-output characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  While SPT for 20 and 50ms SPs differed from rMT, the SPT for 30ms was similar to rMT. Nevertheless, the inter-individual variation in SP duration was reduced significantly at 120% of SPT30 when compared with SP durations obtained at 120% of rMT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inter-individual variation in the SP duration decreases when applying TMS at stimulation intensities normalized to the individual SPTs instead to the rMT. This makes the SP duration more specific to inhibition and less affected by changes in cortical excitability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of individual SPTs may improve the sensitivity of the SP measures in studies with inter-individual design.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. Electronic address: elisa.kallioniemi@kuh.fi.
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kallioniemi
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Säisänen
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Clinical Radiology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: Mervi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Könönen
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Friedemann
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Awiszus
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: Petro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Julkunen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019054:Evoked Potentials, Motor / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006225:Hand / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D011712:Pyramidal Tracts / Q000502:physiology*; D012146:Rest; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Electromyography; Motor cortex; Neuronavigation; Silent period; Threshold curves; Transcranial magnetic stimulation