title: Contamination risk for operators performing semi-closed HIPEC procedure using cisplatin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Aim of this study was to assess operators' safety while performing a semi-closed HIPEC procedure for peritoneal carcinomatosis using cisplatin drugs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Environmental air, theater personnel urine, operators' gloves and hand skin contamination were assessed during two non-consecutive working days. Six operating surgeons, two anesthesiologists and two theater nurses were included in the study. Glove samples were collected from the inner surface of the external glove and from the external surface of the inner glove from operating surgeons wearing a double pair of gloves. Personnel urine samples were collected before, after and 24 h from the procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Air and urine samples permanently resulted below detectable levels for cisplatin presence on all the tested sources and sessions. Cisplatin contamination was detected on the inner surface of the external gloves and on the outer surface of the inner gloves, but in a lower concentration for the latter. Skin wipe samples were below detectable levels for platinum presence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that two pairs of gloves are adequate to protect the skin from antiblastic drugs. No sign of direct contact or systemic absorption of drugs was ever detected from the inspected samples. Semi-closed HIPEC technique appears to be a safe procedure for operators.
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Strada Provinciale 142, Km. 3.95, 10060 Candiolo, Torino, Italy. Electronic address: documenti.caneparo@gmail.com.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Caneparo
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Strada Provinciale 142, Km. 3.95, 10060 Candiolo, Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Massucco
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Strada Provinciale 142, Km. 3.95, 10060 Candiolo, Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vaira
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orthopedics and Trauma Center (CTO), Via Gianfranco Zuretti, 29, 10126 Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Maina
authors.affiliation: Prevention and Protection Service, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Strada Provinciale 142, Km. 3.95, 10060 Candiolo, Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Giovale
authors.affiliation: Division of Occupational Medicine, City of Health and Science Hospital, Orthopedics and Trauma Center (CTO), Via Gianfranco Zuretti, 29, 10126 Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Coggiola
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Strada Provinciale 142, Km. 3.95, 10060 Candiolo, Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cinquegrana
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Strada Provinciale 142, Km. 3.95, 10060 Candiolo, Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Robella
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Strada Provinciale 142, Km. 3.95, 10060 Candiolo, Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Simone
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000032:analysis* / Q000652:urine; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000601:surgery*; D010478:Chemotherapy, Cancer, Regional Perfusion / Q000379:methods; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000032:analysis* / Q000652:urine; D004868:Equipment Failure; D005260:Female; D005932:Gloves, Surgical; D006282:Health Personnel; D006801:Humans; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009726:Nurses; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D016272:Occupational Health; D010534:Peritoneal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D010820:Physicians; D012306:Risk; D012449:Safety
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D002945:Cisplatin
keywords: Cisplatin; Peritoneal neoplasms; Safety; Surgical procedure