title: Positive smoking outcome expectancies mediate the relation between alcohol consumption and smoking urge among women during a quit attempt.
abstract: Social learning models of addiction hypothesize that situational factors interact with cognitive determinants to influence a person's motivation to use substances. Ecological momentary assessment was used to examine the association between alcohol consumption, smoking outcome expectancies, and smoking urge during the first 7 days of a smoking quit attempt. Participants were 113 female smokers who enrolled in a study that tested an individually tailored smoking cessation treatment. Participants carried a palm-top personal computer for 7 days and were instructed to complete 4 random assessments each day and to initiate an assessment when they were tempted to smoke. Multilevel mediational analyses were used to examine (a) the effects of alcohol consumption before time j and positive smoking outcome expectancies at time j on smoking urge at time j + 1 (Model 1) and (b) the effects of alcohol consumption before time j and smoking urge at time j on positive smoking outcome expectancies at time j + 1 (Model 2). Model 1 found a significant effect of alcohol consumption before time j on smoking urge at time j + 1 (p = .04), and this effect was significantly mediated by positive smoking outcome expectancies at time j (p < .0001). Model 2 failed to find a significant effect of alcohol consumption before time j on positive smoking outcome expectancies at time j + 1. The findings suggest that alcohol consumption is significantly associated with increased positive smoking outcome expectancies that, in turn, are associated with increased smoking urge in women seeking to quit smoking.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Disparities Research.
authors.forename: Cho Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.affiliation: Division of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health.
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Businelle
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioral Science, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center.
authors.forename: Ludmila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cofta-Woerpel
authors.affiliation: Group Health Research Institute.
authors.forename: Jennifer B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: McClure
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioral Science, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center.
authors.forename: Paul M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Cinciripini
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Disparities Research.
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Wetter
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000523:psychology*; D016739:Behavior, Addictive / Q000523:psychology*; D034201:Computers, Handheld; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult
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