title: Predicting ADHD in school age when using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire in preschool age: a longitudinal general population study, CCC2000.
abstract: Indicated prevention of ADHD may reduce impairment and need of treatment in youth. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is a brief questionnaire assessing child mental health, reported to be a valid screening instrument for concurrent ADHD. This study aimed to examine the validity of using the SDQ in preschool age to predict ADHD in school age in a longitudinal design. The study population included 2,315 children from the Copenhagen child cohort 2000 with no prior history of clinically diagnosed ADHD, who were assessed at age 5-7 years by the SDQ completed by parents and preschool teachers. Danish National Registers were used to measure the outcome of any first time ICD-10 diagnosis for hyperkinetic disorder or attention-deficit disorder and/or prescription of central stimulants during years 2005-2012. Screening potentials of the SDQ's predictive algorithms were described, and Cox regression analyses estimated the risk of later ADHD diagnosis for screen-positive children. A total of 2.94% of the study population were clinically diagnosed and/or were treated with central stimulants for ADHD before age 11-12. Children with possible/probable disorder according to the SDQ hyperactivity/inattention algorithm showed markedly increased risk of a subsequent ADHD diagnosis, hazard ratio 20.65 (CI 95% 12.71-33.57) and sensitivity 45.6%. Other domains of psychopathology according to the SDQ were also associated with an increased risk of receiving a subsequent ADHD diagnosis. In summary, we show that the SDQ can identify a group of children with highly increased risk of later being diagnosed and/or treated for ADHD in school age.
authors.affiliation: Research Unit 7-8, Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Centre, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup Department, Ndr. Ringvej 69, 2600, Glostrup, Denmark, martin.kristian.rimvall@regionh.dk.
authors.forename: Martin K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Rimvall
authors.forename: Hanne
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Elberling
authors.forename: Charlotte Ulrikka
authors.initials: CU
authors.lastname: Rask
authors.forename: Dorte
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Helenius
authors.forename: Anne Mette
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Skovgaard
authors.forename: Pia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jeppesen
mesh_terms: D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
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