title: Early feeding factors associated with exclusive versus partial human milk feeding in neonates receiving intensive care.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate early feeding factors associated with exclusive human milk (EHM) feeding at discharge in a cohort of human milk-fed infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort of consecutively discharged infants from two NICUs over a 12-month period who received any human milk during the 24 h before hospital discharge. We used logistic regression to evaluate early feeding factors associated with EHM feeding at discharge.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We evaluated a total of 264 infants. EHM-fed infants were twice as likely to receive human milk at the first feeding compared with partial human milk-fed infants (65% vs 32%; P<0.01). In multivariable analysis, including adjustment for race and type of maternal insurance, infants receiving human milk as the initial feeding, compared with formula, had a greater odds of EHM feeding at hospital discharge (adjusted odds ratio (OR)=3.41; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.82 to 6.39; P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among infants admitted to the NICU whose mothers provide human milk, those receiving human milk as the first feeding were more likely to receive EHM feeding at discharge.
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA [2] Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA [2] Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Keene
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA [2] Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Patel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001942:Breast Feeding; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005248:Feeding Methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007232:Infant, Newborn, Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D007234:Infant, Premature; D015931:Intensive Care, Neonatal; D008297:Male; D008895:Milk, Human; D010351:Patient Discharge; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
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