title: Disturbance of the glutamatergic system in mood disorders.
abstract: The role of glutamatergic system in the neurobiology of mood disorders draws increasing attention, as disturbance of this system is consistently implicated in mood disorders including major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. Thus, the glutamate hypothesis of mood disorders is expected to complement and improve the prevailing monoamine hypothesis, and may indicate novel therapeutic targets. Since the contribution of astrocytes is found to be crucial not only in the modulation of the glutamatergic system but also in the maintenance of brain energy metabolism, alterations in the astrocytic function and neuroenergetic environment are suggested as the potential neurobiological underpinnings of mood disorders. In the present review, the evidence of glutamatergic abnormalities in mood disorders based on postmortem and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies is presented, and disrupted energy metabolism involving astrocytic dysfunction is proposed as the underlying mechanism linking altered energy metabolism, perturbations in the glutamatergic system, and pathogenesis of mood disorders.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea. ; Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea.
authors.forename: Chansoo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jun
authors.affiliation: Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea. ; Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul 151-747, Korea.
authors.forename: Yera
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea. ; Department of Radiology, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul 158-710, Korea.
authors.forename: Soo Mee
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Brain Institute and Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA.
authors.forename: Sujin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.affiliation: Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea. ; Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul 158-710, Korea.
authors.forename: Young Sun
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea. ; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University Graduate School, Seoul 120-750, Korea.
authors.forename: Jieun E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea. ; Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea.
authors.forename: In Kyoon
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Lyoo
keywords: astrocytes; bipolar disorder; glutamate; magnetic resonance spectroscopy; major depressive disorder; mood disorders
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