title: Perinatal outcome of congenital heart disease in a population with high consanguinity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the perinatal pattern and outcome of fetuses with congenital heart disease (CHD) in consanguineous marriages.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective chart review was performed for fetuses undergoing fetal echocardiography (FE) in our institution. The primary outcome was survival at 28 days after birth.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between 1 January 2005 and 31 December 2010, 1950 pregnant women carrying 2151 fetuses underwent a total of 2828 FEs. CHD was diagnosed in 152 fetuses (7.1%), and perinatal outcome was available in 120, among which 78 (65%) had consanguineous parents. Thirteen fetuses died in utero, while 86 (71.7%) survived. The most prevalent lesions included left heart obstruction (25.8%), conotruncal malformations (21.7%), septal defects (18.3%), and cardiomyopathy (15.8%). Correct diagnosis was achieved in 92.2% of the cases. Extracardiac malformations occurred in 48.3% of the fetuses and were associated with increased mortality regardless of the type of CHD (P<0.001, odds ratio 6.8, 95% confidence interval 2.7-17.5).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Joint FE clinics detect most CHD with high accuracy. Consanguinity contributes to a higher prevalence of fetal cardiac and non-cardiac malformations. The presence of extracardiac anomalies is associated with an increase in perinatal mortality.
authors.forename: Mohamed A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hamdan
authors.forename: Fares
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chedid
authors.forename: Gharid N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Bekdache
authors.forename: Muzibunissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Begam
authors.forename: Walaa
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Alsafi
authors.forename: Zainab
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sabri
authors.forename: Hisham M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Mirghani
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003241:Consanguinity; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death / Q000209:etiology; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000235:genetics / Q000401:mortality*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal; D014479:United Arab Emirates / Q000453:epidemiology