title: Effects of PYY3-36 and GLP-1 on energy intake, energy expenditure, and appetite in overweight men.
abstract: Our aim was to examine the effects of GLP-1 and PYY3-36, separately and in combination, on energy intake, energy expenditure, appetite sensations, glucose and fat metabolism, ghrelin, and vital signs in healthy overweight men. Twenty-five healthy male subjects participated in this randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, four-arm crossover study (BMI 29 ± 3 kg/m(2), age 33 ± 9 yr). On separate days they received a 150-min intravenous infusion of 1) 0.8 pmol·kg(-1)·min(-1) PYY3-36, 2) 1.0 pmol·kg(-1)·min(-1) GLP-1, 3) GLP-1 + PYY3-36, or 4) placebo. Ad libitum energy intake was assessed during the final 30 min. Measurements of appetite sensations, energy expenditure and fat oxidation, vital signs, and blood variables were collected throughout the infusion period. No effect on energy intake was found after monoinfusions of PYY3-36 (-4.2 ± 4.8%, P = 0.8) or GLP-1 (-3.0 ± 4.5%, P = 0.9). However, the coinfusion reduced energy intake compared with placebo (-30.4 ± 6.5%, P < 0.0001) and more than the sum of the monoinfusions (P < 0.001), demonstrating a synergistic effect. Coinfusion slightly increased sensation of nausea (P < 0.05), but this effect could not explain the effect on energy intake. A decrease in plasma ghrelin was found after all treatments compared with placebo (all P < 0.05); however, infusions of GLP-1 + PYY3-36 resulted in an additional decrease compared with the monoinfusions (both P < 0.01). We conclude that coinfusion of GLP-1 and PYY3-36 exerted a synergistic effect on energy intake. The satiating effect of the meal was enhanced by GLP-1 and PYY3-36 in combination compared with placebo. Coinfusion was accompanied by slightly increased nausea and a decrease in plasma ghrelin, but neither of these factors could explain the reduction in energy intake.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; jbs@nexs.ku.dk.
authors.forename: Julie Berg
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;
authors.forename: Nikolaj Ture
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Gregersen
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;
authors.forename: Sue D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;
authors.forename: Johanne L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Arentoft
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ritz
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Thue W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.affiliation: Novo Nordisk Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jens Juul
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Holst
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;
authors.forename: Arne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Astrup
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sjödin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D001066:Appetite / Q000187:drug effects*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000187:drug effects*; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005518:Food Preferences / Q000187:drug effects; D054439:Ghrelin / Q000097:blood; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009325:Nausea / Q000139:chemically induced; D050177:Overweight / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019894:Peptide YY / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019518:Postprandial Period / Q000502:physiology; D013649:Taste / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D054439:Ghrelin; D007328:Insulin; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D019894:Peptide YY; C061785:peptide YY (3-36); D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1
keywords: GLP-1; PYY; appetite; energy expenditure; energy intake