title: Therapygenetics in mindfulness-based cognitive therapy: do genes have an impact on therapy-induced change in real-life positive affective experiences?
abstract: Positive affect (PA) has an important role in resilience against depression and has been shown to increase with mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT). To elucidate the underlying mechanisms of change in PA as well as develop insights that may benefit personalized medicine, the current study examined the contribution of genetic variation to individual differences in change in PA in response to MBCT. Individuals (n=126) with residual depressive symptoms were randomized to either an MBCT group or treatment as usual. PA was assessed using experience sampling methodology (ESM). Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes known to be involved in reward functioning were selected. SNPs in the genes for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 (CHRM2), the dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) and the μ1 opioid receptor (OPRM1) significantly moderated the impact of treatment condition over time on PA. Genetic variation in the genes for CHRM2 and OPRM1 specifically had an impact on the level of PA following MBCT. The current study shows that variation in response to MBCT may be contingent on genetic factors associated with the regulation of PA. These findings contribute to our understanding of the processes moderating response to treatment and prediction of treatment outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bakker
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lieverse
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Menne-Lothmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Viechtbauer
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pishva
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kenis
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Geschwind
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Peeters
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands [2] Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, King's Health Partners, London, UK.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Os
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wichers
mesh_terms: D000339:Affect / Q000502:physiology*; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D003863:Depression / Q000235:genetics* / Q000628:therapy*; D006802:Human Activities / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D007206:Individuality; D064866:Mindfulness / Q000379:methods; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics; D016896:Treatment Outcome
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