title: The Efficacy of Computerized Cognitive Training in Adults With ADHD: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This is a randomized control trial examining the efficiency of computerized cognitive training (CCT) for adults with ADHD, comparing two training conditions with graded levels of executive cognitive demands.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adults with ADHD (n = 60) were randomized into study (n = 34) and control (n = 26) groups. Training was conducted with the computerized AttenFocus program. Control group received a simple, non-hierarchical version with less executive demands.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant positive changes in symptoms ratings, ecological measures of executive functions, and occupational performance were found in both groups. No significant changes were found in variables of neurocognitive performance battery and quality of life. No significant time by group interaction effects were found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No benefits of the intervention were found relative to the control. Lack of interaction effects may be due to insufficient power, non-specific cognitive training or placebo effects. Results demonstrate some positive findings for general CCT, yet do not support the inclusion of specific higher level executive training.
authors.affiliation: School of Occupational Therapy, Hadassah and Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel adi.schleyer@mail.huji.ac.il.|Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Adi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stern
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Elad
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Malik
authors.affiliation: Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.|Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Yehuda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Pollak
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Omer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bonne
authors.affiliation: School of Occupational Therapy, Hadassah and Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Adina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maeir
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000628:therapy*; D003071:Cognition; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D056344:Executive Function / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011788:Quality of Life; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Adult ADHD; computerized cognitive training (CCT); ecological measures; executive function (EF)