title: Remote ischemic postconditioning protects the heart by upregulating ALDH2 expression levels through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
abstract: Remote ischemic postconditioning (RIPostC) has been demonstrated to protect the myocardium against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury; however, the mediator and underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. It has been confirmed that aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is involved in the remote ischemic preconditioning pathway, but whether it is involved in RIPostC remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to determine whether increased ALDH2 expression levels were involved in the cardioprotective effect evoked by RIPostC via the phosphatidylinositol‑3‑kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway. Male Sprague Dawley rats (n=48) were randomly allocated into the following four groups: Sham group, I/R group, RIPostC group, and RIPostC plus wortmannin group (RIPostC+Wort). With the exception of the Sham group, the anesthetized rats underwent 45 min of coronary artery occlusion followed by 180 min of reperfusion to mimic an I/R injury model. Hemodynamic parameters, including the mean arterial pressure and heart rate, were recorded, the infarct size was determined and the plasma lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) content and creatine kinase (CK) activity levels were measured. The expression levels of Bcl‑2 and Bax at the mRNA level and ALDH2, Akt, phospho‑Akt (p‑Akt), caspase‑3 and cleaved caspase‑3 at the protein level in the left anterior myocardium were assessed. In the RIPostC group, the infarct size was reduced versus that of the I/R group. The plasma LDH content and CK activity levels were also reduced. The expression levels of ALDH2 protein were elevated, accompanied with increases in the levels of Bcl‑2/Bax and p‑Akt/Akt and a reduction in the levels of cleaved caspase‑3. When the PI3K inhibitor wortmannin was administered at reperfusion, the p‑Akt/Akt ratio was markedly reduced and associated with a reduction in the ALDH2 and Bcl‑2/Bax levels, and the cleaved caspase‑3 expression levels were elevated. In conclusion, ALDH2 may be an important mediator in the cardioprotection of RIPostC through the PI3K/Akt‑dependent signaling pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xian-Jie
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Qiao-Feng
authors.initials: QF
authors.lastname: Zong
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Guan-Jun
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Hong-Wei
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Su-Dong
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Guan
mesh_terms: D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism*; D000071396:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial; D000730:Androstadienes / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000502:physiology; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000378:metabolism; D006439:Hemodynamics; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D057775:Ischemic Postconditioning; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D058539:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D000077191:Wortmannin; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000730:Androstadienes; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; D000071396:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial; C505112:Aldh2 protein, rat; D058539:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D003402:Creatine Kinase; D053148:Caspase 3; D000077191:Wortmannin