title: HIV Tat protein affects circadian rhythmicity by interfering with the circadian system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sleep disorders are common in patients with HIV/AIDS, and can lead to poor quality of life. Although many studies have investigated the aetiology of these disorders, it is still unclear whether impaired sleep quality is associated with HIV itself, social problems, or side effects of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Moreover, despite its known neurological associations, little is known about the role of the trans-activator of transcription (Tat) protein in sleep disorders in patients with HIV/AIDS. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that the sleep quality of patients with HIV/AIDS affected by an altered circadian rhythm correlates with cerebrospinal HIV Tat protein concentration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-six patients with HIV/AIDS between 20 and 69 years old completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Their circadian rhythm parameters of blood pressure, Tat concentration in cerebrospinal fluid, melatonin concentration, CD4 cell count and HIV RNA viral load in serum were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The circadian amplitude of systolic blood pressure and the score for sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) were negatively correlated with HIV Tat protein concentration, while the melatonin value was positively correlated with Tat protein concentration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The HIV Tat protein affects circadian rhythmicity by interfering with the circadian system in patients with HIV/AIDS and further increases the melatonin excretion value. A Tat protein-related high melatonin value may counteract HIV-related poor sleep quality during the progression of HIV infection. This study provides the first clinical evidence offering an explanation for why sleep quality did not show an association with progression of HIV infection in previous studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Clauss
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008550:Melatonin / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010870:Pineal Gland; D011788:Quality of Life; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000821:virology; D019562:Viral Load; D054322:tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D054322:tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; D008550:Melatonin
keywords: HIV/AIDS; Tat protein; circadian rhythm; sleep
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