title: Lateral flow test strip based on colloidal selenium immunoassay for rapid detection of melamine in milk, milk powder, and animal feed.
abstract: Although high melamine (MEL) intake has been proven to cause serious health problems, MEL is sometimes illegally added to milk products and animal feed, arousing serious food safety concerns. A satisfactory method of detecting MEL in onsite or in-home testing is in urgent need of development. This work aimed to explore a rapid, convenient, and cost-effective method of identifying MEL in milk products or other food by colloidal selenium-based lateral flow immunoassay. Colloidal selenium was synthesized by L-ascorbic acid to reduce seleninic acid at room temperature. After conjugation with a monoclonal antibody anti-MEL, a test strip was successfully prepared. The detection limit of the test strip reached 150 μg/kg, 1,000 μg/kg, and 800 μg/kg in liquid milk, milk powder, and animal feed, respectively. No cross-reactions with homologues cyanuric acid, cyanurodiamide, or ammelide were found. Moreover, the MEL test strip can remain stable after storage for 1 year at room temperature. Our results demonstrate that the colloidal selenium MEL test strip can detect MEL in adulterated milk products or animal feed conveniently, rapidly, and sensitively. In contrast with a colloidal gold MEL test strip, the colloidal selenium MEL test strip was easy to prepare and more cost-efficient.
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhizeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Dejuan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhi
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hailong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ru
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China ; Institute of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hongyu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D003102:Colloids / Q000737:chemistry; D003124:Colorimetry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D011208:Powders; D011934:Reagent Strips; D012643:Selenium / Q000737:chemistry*; D014227:Triazines / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D003102:Colloids; D011208:Powders; D011934:Reagent Strips; D014227:Triazines; D012643:Selenium; C011907:melamine
keywords: animal feed; dairy food; melamine; milk; selenium nanoparticles; test strip
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