title: Neuronal activity promotes oligodendrogenesis and adaptive myelination in the mammalian brain.
abstract: Myelination of the central nervous system requires the generation of functionally mature oligodendrocytes from oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). Electrically active neurons may influence OPC function and selectively instruct myelination of an active neural circuit. In this work, we use optogenetic stimulation of the premotor cortex in awake, behaving mice to demonstrate that neuronal activity elicits a mitogenic response of neural progenitor cells and OPCs, promotes oligodendrogenesis, and increases myelination within the deep layers of the premotor cortex and subcortical white matter. We further show that this neuronal activity-regulated oligodendrogenesis and myelination is associated with improved motor function of the corresponding limb. Oligodendrogenesis and myelination appear necessary for the observed functional improvement, as epigenetic blockade of oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelin changes prevents the activity-regulated behavioral improvement.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Pediatrics, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Erin M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Purger
authors.forename: Christopher W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Mount
authors.forename: Andrea K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.forename: Grant L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Lauren S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Inema
authors.forename: Sarah E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Gregor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bieri
authors.forename: J Bradley
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Zuchero
authors.forename: Ben A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Barres
authors.forename: Pamelyn J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.forename: Hannes
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vogel
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Monje
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D019070:Cell Lineage; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D000075402:Channelrhodopsins; D003337:Corpus Callosum / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D009186:Myelin Sheath / Q000378:metabolism*; D009413:Nerve Fibers, Myelinated / Q000378:metabolism*; D058953:Neural Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D009836:Oligodendroglia / Q000166:cytology*; D018800:Thy-1 Antigens / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000075402:Channelrhodopsins; D018800:Thy-1 Antigens
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