title: Efficacy of Interpretation Bias Modification in Depressed Adolescents and Young Adults.
abstract: This study evaluated the efficacy of a four-session Cognitive Bias Modification-Interpretation program for 45 depressed adolescents and young adults (14-21 years old; 12 males, 33 females; Beck Depressive Inventory, Second Edition ≥ 14) randomized to an active intervention condition (repeated exposure to positive outcomes of depression-relevant ambiguous scenarios; n=23) or a control condition (n=22). Both conditions experienced reductions on a Test of Interpretation Bias at post-treatment, with no significant between-group differences. When limited to those with negative bias at baseline, the intervention group showed greater improvement in interpretation bias at mid- and post-treatment. In addition, the intervention group overall had greater improvements in self-reported negative cognitions than the control group at post-intervention and two-week follow-up. However, there were no differences between groups in depression or anxiety symptom change. Potential factors contributing to mixed findings are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Child Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Program, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School.
authors.forename: Jamie A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Micco
authors.affiliation: Child Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Program, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School.
authors.forename: Aude
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Henin
authors.affiliation: Child Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Program, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School.
authors.forename: Dina R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Hirshfeld-Becker
keywords: Adolescents; Cognitive bias modification; Depression; Interpretation bias
references.citation: Behav Res Ther. 2010 Mar;48(3):171-8
references.pmid: 19857859
references.citation: J Consult Clin Psychol. 1990 Jun;58(3):352-9
references.pmid: 2195085
references.citation: Eur J Pers. 2012 Mar;26(2):145-157
references.pmid: 23316101
references.citation: Psychol Bull. 2011 Nov;137(6):940-58
references.pmid: 21728399
references.citation: Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2006 Oct;15(4):1015-34, x
references.pmid: 16952773
references.citation: Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev. 2010 Dec;13(4):315-32
references.pmid: 20811944
references.citation: Depress Anxiety. 2011 Nov;28(11):981-8
references.pmid: 21898705
references.citation: Behav Res Ther. 1998 Jul-Aug;36(7-8):777-88
references.pmid: 9682533
references.citation: Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. 2008 Dec;39(4):469-80
references.pmid: 18446434
references.citation: J Consult Clin Psychol. 2012 Jun;80(3):497-511
references.pmid: 22250851
references.citation: J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1997 Jul;38(5):535-41
references.pmid: 9255697
references.citation: Br J Clin Psychol. 1997 Nov;36(4):489-503
references.pmid: 9403142
references.citation: J Anxiety Disord. 2009 Apr;23(3):333-40
references.pmid: 19201569
references.citation: J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2006 Dec;47(12):1263-71
references.pmid: 17176381
references.citation: Behav Res Ther. 2009 Dec;47(12):1085-9
references.pmid: 19679299
references.citation: J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2008 Jan;36(1):55-65
references.pmid: 17687641
references.citation: J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2011 Jan;52(1):24-32
references.pmid: 20629805
references.citation: J Abnorm Psychol. 2009 Feb;118(1):55-64
references.pmid: 19222314
references.citation: Behav Res Ther. 2012 Jan;50(1):40-6
references.pmid: 22093764
references.citation: J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2001 Jun;29(3):255-62
references.pmid: 11411787
references.citation: J Clin Psychol. 2008 Jul;64(7):791-805
references.pmid: 18442044
references.citation: J Abnorm Psychol. 2000 Nov;109(4):602-15
references.pmid: 11195984
references.citation: Behav Res Ther. 2010 Jan;48(1):4-10
references.pmid: 19765685
references.citation: J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2011;40(6):864-77
references.pmid: 22023278
references.citation: J Abnorm Psychol. 2009 Feb;118(1):15-27
references.pmid: 19222310
references.citation: J Abnorm Psychol. 1998 Nov;107(4):642-50
references.pmid: 9830251
references.citation: J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2009 Jan;37(1):79-91
references.pmid: 18679791
references.citation: Expert Rev Neurother. 2011 Feb;11(2):299-311
references.pmid: 21306216
references.citation: Behav Res Ther. 2002 Sep;40(9):1091-109
references.pmid: 12296494
references.citation: J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2009 Nov;38(6):781-9
references.pmid: 20183662
references.citation: J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2009 Nov;38(6):803-13
references.pmid: 20183664
references.citation: Behav Res Ther. 2006 Oct;44(10):1411-9
references.pmid: 16487479
references.citation: Behav Ther. 2006 Sep;37(3):209-22
references.pmid: 16942973
references.citation: Clin Psychol Psychother. 2008 Sep-Oct;15(5):329-39
references.pmid: 19115452
references.citation: Behav Res Ther. 2007 Feb;45(2):329-40
references.pmid: 16859638
references.citation: Behav Res Ther. 2009 Feb;47(2):139-45
references.pmid: 19091308
references.citation: J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2011 Oct;39(7):967-76
references.pmid: 21611733
references.citation: J Anxiety Disord. 2011 Jun;25(5):697-705
references.pmid: 21489749
references.citation: J Anxiety Disord. 2004;18(4):499-513
references.pmid: 15149710
references.citation: Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. 2011 Dec;42(6):679-93
references.pmid: 21748287
references.citation: J Consult Clin Psychol. 1995 Feb;63(1):125-32
references.pmid: 7896977
references.citation: JAMA. 2004 Aug 18;292(7):861-3
references.pmid: 15316001
references.citation: J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2012 Mar;43(1):594-601
references.pmid: 21903044
references.citation: Clin Psychol Rev. 2012 Jul;32(5):413-24
references.pmid: 22681914
references.citation: J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2003 Jul;44(5):649-63
references.pmid: 12831110
references.citation: Cogn Emot. 2011 Apr;25(3):546-58
references.pmid: 21432693
references.citation: J Abnorm Psychol. 2004 Aug;113(3):464-70
references.pmid: 15311991
references.citation: Behav Res Ther. 2005 Jun;43(6):779-97
references.pmid: 15890169