title: Amoebal endosymbiont Neochlamydia genome sequence illuminates the bacterial role in the defense of the host amoebae against Legionella pneumophila.
abstract: Previous work has shown that the obligate intracellular amoebal endosymbiont Neochlamydia S13, an environmental chlamydia strain, has an amoebal infection rate of 100%, but does not cause amoebal lysis and lacks transferability to other host amoebae. The underlying mechanism for these observations remains unknown. In this study, we found that the host amoeba could completely evade Legionella infection. The draft genome sequence of Neochlamydia S13 revealed several defects in essential metabolic pathways, as well as unique molecules with leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) and ankyrin domains, responsible for protein-protein interaction. Neochlamydia S13 lacked an intact tricarboxylic acid cycle and had an incomplete respiratory chain. ADP/ATP translocases, ATP-binding cassette transporters, and secretion systems (types II and III) were well conserved, but no type IV secretion system was found. The number of outer membrane proteins (OmcB, PomS, 76-kDa protein, and OmpW) was limited. Interestingly, genes predicting unique proteins with LRRs (30 genes) or ankyrin domains (one gene) were identified. Furthermore, 33 transposases were found, possibly explaining the drastic genome modification. Taken together, the genomic features of Neochlamydia S13 explain the intimate interaction with the host amoeba to compensate for bacterial metabolic defects, and illuminate the role of the endosymbiont in the defense of the host amoebae against Legionella infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: Kasumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.affiliation: Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sekizuka
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: Kyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hayashida
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: Junji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Matsuo
authors.affiliation: Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Fumihiko
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.affiliation: Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuroda
authors.affiliation: Division of Biomedical Imaging Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.affiliation: Division of Ultrastructural Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsutaka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.affiliation: Division of Ultrastructural Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kaori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: Chihiro
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sugimoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
mesh_terms: D000656:Amoeba / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology*; D002689:Chlamydia / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D016952:Legionella pneumophila / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D013559:Symbiosis
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