title: Populations at increased risk for HIV infection in Kenya: results from a national population-based household survey, 2012.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Populations with higher risks for HIV exposure contribute to the HIV epidemic in Kenya. We present data from the second Kenya AIDS Indicator Survey to estimate the size and HIV prevalence of populations with high-risk characteristics.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Kenya AIDS Indicator Survey 2012 was a national survey of Kenyans aged 18 months to 64 years which linked demographic and behavioral information with HIV results. Data were weighted to account for sampling probability. This analysis was restricted to adults aged 18 years and older.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 5088 men and 6745 women, 0.1% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.03 to 0.14] were persons who inject drugs (PWID). Among men, 0.6% (CI: 0.3 to 0.8) had ever had sex with other men, and 3.1% (CI: 2.4 to 3.7) were males who had ever engaged in transactional sex work (MTSW). Among women, 1.9% (CI: 1.3 to 2.5) had ever had anal sex, and 4.1% (CI: 3.5 to 4.8) were women who had ever engaged in transactional sex work (FTSW). Among men, 17.6% (CI: 15.7 to 19.6) had been male clients of transactional sex workers (TSW). HIV prevalence was 0% among men who have sex with men, 6.3% (CI: 0 to 18.1) among persons who injected drugs, 7.1% (CI: 4.8 to 9.4) among male clients of TSW, 7.6% (CI: 1.8 to 13.4) among MTSW, 12.1% (CI: 7.1 to 17.1) among FTSW, and 12.1% (CI: 5.0 to 19.2) among females who ever had engaged in anal sex.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Population-based data on high-risk populations can be used to set realistic targets for HIV prevention, care, and treatment for these groups. These data should inform priorities for high-risk populations in the upcoming Kenyan strategic plan on HIV/AIDS.
authors.affiliation: *National AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Infection Control (STI) Programme, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya; †Division of Global HIV/AIDS, Center for Global Health, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA; ‡Division of Global HIV/AIDS, Center for Global Health, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya; and §National AIDS Control Council, Nairobi, Kenya.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Githuka
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hladik
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mwalili
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cherutich
authors.forename: Mercy
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muthui
authors.forename: Joshua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gitonga
authors.forename: William K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Maina
authors.forename: Andrea A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006306:Health Surveys; D018451:Homosexuality, Male / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D007630:Kenya / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012737:Sex Factors; D011477:Sex Work / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
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