title: Electromechanical characterization of [Formula: see text] crystals as a function of crystallographic orientation and temperature.
abstract: Relaxor based [Formula: see text] ternary single crystals (PIN-PMN-PT) were reported to have broader temperature usage range [Formula: see text] and comparable piezoelectric properties to [Formula: see text] (PMNT) crystals. In this work, the orientation dependent dielectric, piezoelectric and electromechanical properties for PIN-PMN-PT crystals were investigated along [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] directions. The electromechanical couplings [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] poled crystals were found to be 0.91 and 0.91, respectively, with piezoelectric coefficients [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] on the order of 925 and -1420 pC/N. Of particular significance was the mechanical quality factor [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] oriented crystals, which was found to be [Formula: see text], much higher than the [Formula: see text] values of [Formula: see text] oriented relaxor-PT crystals [Formula: see text]. The temperature dependence of the piezoelectric properties exhibited good temperature stability up to their ferroelectric phase transition [Formula: see text], indicating [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] oriented PIN-PMN-PT are promising materials for transducer applications, with the latter for high power resonant devices where low loss (high [Formula: see text]) was required.
authors.affiliation: Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
authors.forename: Shujun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: TRS Technologies, Inc., 2820 East College Avenue, State College, Pennsylvania 16801, USA.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: TRS Technologies, Inc., 2820 East College Avenue, State College, Pennsylvania 16801, USA.
authors.forename: Wesley
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hackenberger
authors.affiliation: Applied Research Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
authors.forename: Nevin P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Sherlock
authors.affiliation: Applied Research Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.affiliation: Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Shrout
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