title: Abnormal early gamma responses to emotional faces differentiate unipolar from bipolar disorder patients.
abstract: This study investigates the cortical abnormalities of early emotion perception in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) using gamma oscillations. Twenty-three MDD patients, twenty-five BD patients, and twenty-four normal controls were enrolled and their event-related magnetoencephalographic responses were recorded during implicit emotional tasks. Our results demonstrated abnormal gamma activity within 100 ms in the emotion-related regions (amygdala, orbitofrontal (OFC) cortex, anterior insula (AI), and superior temporal pole) in the MDD patients, suggesting that these patients may have dysfunctions or negativity biases in perceptual binding of emotional features at very early stage. Decreased left superior medial frontal cortex (smFC) responses to happy faces in the MDD patients were correlated with their serious level of depression symptoms, indicating that decreased smFC activity perhaps underlies irregular positive emotion processing in depressed patients. In the BD patients, we showed abnormal activation in visual regions (inferior/middle occipital and middle temporal cortices) which responded to emotional faces within 100 ms, supporting that the BD patients may hyperactively respond to emotional features in perceptual binding. The discriminant function of gamma activation in the left smFC, right medial OFC, right AI/inferior OFC, and the right precentral cortex accurately classified 89.6% of patients as unipolar/bipolar disorders.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Brain Science, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan ; Integrated Brain Research Unit, Division of Clinical Research, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
authors.forename: T Y
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Y S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan ; Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
authors.forename: T P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Institute of Brain Science, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan ; Integrated Brain Research Unit, Division of Clinical Research, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.affiliation: Institute of Brain Science, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan ; Integrated Brain Research Unit, Division of Clinical Research, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000679:Amygdala / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D065818:Gamma Rhythm; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D011859:Radiography; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology
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