title: Quality of life amongst older Brazilians: a cross-cultural validation of the CASP-19 into Brazilian-Portuguese.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  As population ageing becomes a global phenomenon the need to understand the quality of life of older people around the world has become increasingly salient. The CASP-19 is a well established measure of quality of later life. The scale is composed of 19 items which map onto the four domains of control (C), Autonomy (A), Self-Realisation (S) and Pleasure (P). It has already been translated to 12 languages and has been used in a number of national and international studies. However use of the scale outside of Europe has been very limited. The objective of this study was to translate and evaluate the use of the CASP-19 amongst older Brazilians.
  
  
  METHODS
  The CASP-19 was translated from English to Portuguese, back-translated and submitted to an analysis of equivalence by a committee of judges. The scale was then administered to a sample of community dwelling older people in Recife, Brazil (n = 87), and tested for psychometric properties. The Control and Pleasure domains exhibited good internal consistency. By removing one item from each of the Autonomy and Self Realisation domains their internal consistency was improved.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of the sample was 75.6±0.7 years, subjects were mainly female (52.9%), white (52.9%), who lived without a partner (54%), and had a monthly income varying from USD 340.00 to USD 850.00. Translation and cross-cultural adaptation permitted good understanding and applicability of final version. Psychometric analyses revealed that the removal of two items improved the internal consistency of the Autonomy and Pleasure domains. Confirmatory factor analyses suggest that a 16 item, four factor, model best fits the data.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this small exploratory study the CASP-19 Brazil demonstrated good psychometric properties. It was easy to use for both participants and researchers. Hopefully future studies in Brazil will employ the scale so that more direct cross national comparisons can be made with older people in Europe and the US.
authors.affiliation: Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fábia M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.affiliation: Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hyde
authors.affiliation: Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Holendro Singh
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Chungkham
authors.affiliation: Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
authors.forename: Clarice
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Correia
authors.affiliation: Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alexsandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Siqueira Campos
authors.affiliation: Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marília
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.affiliation: Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
authors.forename: Moacir
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Novaes
authors.affiliation: Researcher 2 Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa (CNPq), Institute of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
authors.forename: Jerson
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Laks
authors.affiliation: Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
authors.forename: Kátia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Petribu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging; D001938:Brazil; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014175:Translating
references.citation: Qual Life Res. 2010 Mar;19(2):293-8
references.pmid: 20063124
references.citation: Qual Life Res. 2013 Nov;22(9):2549-59
references.pmid: 23504522
references.citation: Soc Indic Res. 2010 Aug;98(1):89-104
references.pmid: 23316100
references.citation: Int J Epidemiol. 2002 Aug;31(4):762-71
references.pmid: 12177016
references.citation: BMC Public Health. 2010 Aug 12;10:479
references.pmid: 20704723
references.citation: Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2013 Sep-Oct;57(2):143-50
references.pmid: 23623028
references.citation: Age Ageing. 2008 Nov;37(6):685-9
references.pmid: 18852289
references.citation: Qual Life Res. 1993 Apr;2(2):153-9
references.pmid: 8518769
references.citation: Qual Life Res. 2011 Sep;20(7):997-1004
references.pmid: 21243529
references.citation: PLoS One. 2011 Apr 29;6(4):e18952
references.pmid: 21559485
references.citation: Soc Sci Med. 2009 Jan;68(2):235-42
references.pmid: 19036488
references.citation: Obesity (Silver Spring). 2010 Oct;18(10):1981-7
references.pmid: 20075853
references.citation: Qual Life Res. 2002 Mar;11(2):135-44
references.pmid: 12018737
references.citation: J Aging Health. 2006 Apr;18(2):157-79
references.pmid: 16614339
references.citation: Soc Sci Med. 2008 Apr;66(7):1579-87
references.pmid: 18241966
references.citation: Scand J Rheumatol. 1995;24(2):61-3
references.pmid: 7747144
references.citation: J Epidemiol Community Health. 2006 Apr;60(4):357-63
references.pmid: 16537355
references.citation: Eur J Public Health. 2007 Feb;17(1):62-8
references.pmid: 16777840
references.citation: Int J Epidemiol. 2007 Feb;36(1):32-9
references.pmid: 17101614
references.citation: Psychometrika. 2009 Mar;74(1):169-173
references.pmid: 20037638
references.citation: Qual Life Res. 2009 Dec;18(10):1301-9
references.pmid: 19806468
references.citation: Qual Life Res. 2005 Dec;14(10):2197-214
references.pmid: 16328900
references.citation: Qual Life Res. 2010 Apr;19(3):445-53
references.pmid: 20127183
references.citation: Br Med Bull. 2008;85:113-26
references.pmid: 18281376
references.citation: Aging Ment Health. 2003 May;7(3):186-94
references.pmid: 12775399
references.citation: Aging Ment Health. 2008 May;12(3):310-6
references.pmid: 18728943
references.citation: Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2006 Jan-Feb;42(1):21-33
references.pmid: 16126289
references.citation: J Epidemiol Community Health. 2011 Mar;65(3):273-80
references.pmid: 20719807
references.citation: Eur J Ageing. 2010 Jul 11;7(2):59-68
references.pmid: 28798618
references.citation: Sao Paulo Med J. 2011 Jan 6;129(1):36-40
references.pmid: 21437507
references.citation: Psychometrika. 2010 Jun;75(2):243-248
references.pmid: 20640194