title: Postural control and balance self-efficacy in women with fibromyalgia: are there differences?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fibromyalgia (FM) is a rheumatic disease characterized by chronic widespread pain and symptoms such as fatigue, sleep disturbances, cognitive difficulties, and depression. Postural instability is a debilitating disorder increasingly recognized as part of FM.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess and compare postural control and balance self-efficacy in women with and without FM and verify the association of these variables with pain, symptom severity, and strength.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control study
  
  
  METHODS
  Physiotherapeutic Clinical Research and Electromyography Laboratory Department of Physical Therapy, Speech Therapy, and Occupational Therapy, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control study of 117 women ranging from age 35 to 60 years. Of these, 67 had FM.
  
  
  METHODS
  Posture control was assessed with the modified clinical test of sensory interaction on balance with patients in forceplates, balance self-efficacy with the Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale, pain severity with the Visual Analog Scale, tender point pain threshold with digital algometry, symptom severity with the fibromyalgia impact questionnaire, and lower limb strength with a dynamometer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Individuals with FM had impaired postural control showing increased speed of oscillation of the center of gravity (P=0.004) and decreased balance self-efficacy (P<0.001). They had moderate to excellent correlations of balance self-efficacy with pain (r=0.7, P<0.01), muscle strength (r=0.52, P<0.01), and symptom severity (r=0.78, P<0.10) compared with the control group. Correlation of postural control with the same variables was weak.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with FM have impaired postural control and low balance self-efficacy that are associated with pain, muscle strength, and symptom severity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Postural control and balance self-efficacy needs to be assessed in patients with FM and the treatment goals should be the improvement of postural control and balance self-efficacy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Speech Therapy and Occupational Therapy, School of Medicine of the University of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo, Brazil - pasqual@usp.br.
authors.forename: L H A
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Muto
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Sauer
authors.forename: S L K
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sousa
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Mango
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Marques
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001938:Brazil; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005356:Fibromyalgia / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D018908:Muscle Weakness / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017288:Pain Threshold; D010807:Physical Endurance; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000502:physiology*; D052097:Quadriceps Muscle / Q000503:physiopathology; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012678:Sensation Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile