title: Glutathione S-transferase T1 and M1 polymorphisms are associated with lung cancer risk in a gender-specific manner.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Glutathione S-transferase (GST) T1 and M1 are detoxification enzymes which neutralize various carcinogenic compounds. Polymorphisms of the GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes which encode the enzymes could be associated with cancer risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated the association of GSTT1 and GSTM1 null polymorphisms with lung cancer risk in a tightly matched, considerably large sample in China. Genotyping was performed utilizing polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis and DNA sequencing, and associations were measured by using logistic regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that the null genotypes of both polymorphisms resulted in an increased lung cancer risk, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.57 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.23-2.00) for GSTT1 and OR 1.87 (95% CI 1.46-2.39) for GSTM1 (p < 0.01). Significant associations remained after stratification by histopathology (p < 0.01) and smoking status (p < 0.05). When gender-stratified association was performed, we found that the GSTT1 null genotype resulted in an increased risk among males (adjusted OR 2.95, 95% CI 2.07-4.20; p < 0.01) but not females (p > 0.05), while the GSTM1 null genotype resulted in an increased risk among females (adjusted OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.54-3.10; p < 0.01) but not males (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Polymorphisms in GSTT1 and GSTM1 are associated with the risk of lung cancer in a gender-specific manner.
authors.affiliation: Radiotherapy Department of Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China.
authors.forename: Chunguo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Genhua
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Zhihong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Zhihua
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001483:Base Sequence; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics*; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005819:Genetic Markers / Q000235:genetics; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D005819:Genetic Markers; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; C413545:glutathione S-transferase T1