title: Oxidative balance score and risk for incident prostate cancer in a prospective U.S. cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Oxidative stress is defined as an imbalance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants. Previous research found that a single comprehensive oxidative balance score (OBS) that includes individual pro- and anti-oxidant exposures may be associated with various conditions (including prostate cancer) in the absence of associations with the individual factors. We investigated an OBS-incident prostate cancer association among 43,325 men in the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1999-2007, 3386 incident cases were identified. Twenty different components, used in two ways (unweighted or weighted based on literature reviews), were incorporated into the OBS, and the resulting scores were then expressed as three types of variables (continuous, quartiles, or six equal intervals). Multivariable-adjusted rate ratios were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We hypothesized that the OBS would be inversely associated with prostate cancer risk; however, the rate ratios (95% confidence intervals) comparing the highest with the lowest OBS categories ranged from 1.17 (1.04-1.32) to 1.39 (0.90-2.15) for all cases, 1.14 (0.87-1.50) to 1.59 (0.57-4.40) for aggressive disease (American Joint Committee on Cancer stage III/IV or Gleason score 8-10), and 0.91 (0.62-1.35) to 1.02 (1.02-1.04) for nonaggressive disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings are not consistent with the hypothesis that oxidative balance-related exposures collectively affect risk for prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Biostatistics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham. Electronic address: slakkur@uab.edu.
authors.forename: Sindhu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lakkur
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goodman
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA.
authors.forename: Roberd M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Bostick
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Citronberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: McClellan
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA.
authors.forename: William Dana
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Flanders
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham.
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Judd
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA.
authors.forename: Victoria L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Stevens
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015331:Cohort Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Cohort study; Oxidative stress; Prostatic neoplasms
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