title: Acute systemic infusion of bupropion decrease formalin induced pain behavior in rat.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The chronic pain can disturb physical, psychological, and social performances. Analgesic agents are widely used but some antidepressants (ADs) showed analgesia also. Bupropion is using for smoke cessation but it can change morphine withdrawal signs such as pain. This study tested the acute systemic effect of bupropion on formalin induced pain behavior in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Wistar male healthy rats were divided into 7 groups (control, sham, and 5 treated groups with 10, 30, 90, 120, and 200 mg/kg of bupropion, i.p.). The bupropion injected 3 hours prior to formalin induced pain behavior. Formalin (50 µl, 2.5%) was injected subcutaneously in dorsal region of right hindpaw in all animals. Nociceptive signs were observed continuously on-line and off-line each minute. Common pain scoring was used for pain assessment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The analysis of data by one-way ANOVA showed that bupropion can reduce pain scores in the second phase but not in first phase. Bupropion decreased the licking/biting duration significantly in first and second phase of formalin test.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results showed that bupropion has analgesic effects at systemic application. The change of second phase of the pain behavior was significant and it revealed that central mechanisms involve in bupropion analgesia.
authors.affiliation: Danesh Pey Hadi Co., Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
authors.forename: Somayyeh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Naderi
authors.affiliation: Neurophysiology Resaerch Center, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran. ; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
authors.forename: Firouz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ghaderi Pakdel
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology & Embryology, School of Medicine, Dokuz EyluL University (DEU), Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mostafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ashrafi Osalou
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology & Embryology, School of Medicine, Dokuz EyluL University (DEU), Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ulker
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Cankurt
keywords: analgesia; antidepressant; bupropion; formalin test; pain; rat
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