title: Ethnic differences in the relationship between birth weight and type 2 diabetes mellitus in postmenopausal women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between self-reported birth weight and the adult occurrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a large multi-ethnic population of women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Baseline data from the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study [n=75,993] was used to examine the association between participant birth weight category and prevalent type 2 diabetes mellitus. Models were adjusted for age, ethnicity, body mass index and other pertinent risk factors. Sub-analyses were performed stratifying by ethnicity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a strong inverse association between birth weight and type 2 diabetes mellitus with a birth weight of <6 pounds (lbs) (OR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.33) significantly associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and a birth weight of ≥10 lbs (OR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.57, 0.92) associated with a decreased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus compared to women who reported their birth weight between 7 and 8 lbs 15 ounces (oz). Stratifying by ethnicity, the inverse association between birth weight and type 2 diabetes mellitus was only apparent in White women, but not Black, Hispanic or Asian women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lower birth weight was associated with increased T2D risk in American White and Black post-menopausal women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, 145 North Riverside Drive, S400 CPHB, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States. Electronic address: kelli-ryckman@uiowa.edu.
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Ryckman
authors.affiliation: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Seattle, WA 98109, United States.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rillamas-Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, 145 North Riverside Drive, S400 CPHB, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States.
authors.forename: C N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Spracklen
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, 145 North Riverside Drive, S400 CPHB, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, 145 North Riverside Drive, S400 CPHB, Iowa City, United States.
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California at Davis, Med Sci 1C, Davis, CA, United States.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 600 Jefferson Avenue, Memphis, TN 38105, United States.
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Tylavsky
authors.affiliation: Medstar Health Research Institute and Georgetown/Howard Universities Center for Clinical and Translational Research, 6525 Belcrest Road #700, Hyattsville, MD, United States.
authors.forename: B V
authors.initials: BV
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Box 951740, 27-138 CHS, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Box 951740, 27-138 CHS, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, 3800 N Interstate Avenue, Portland, OR 97227, United States.
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: LeBlanc
authors.affiliation: Department of Family, Community and Rural Health, The Commonwealth Medical College, Medical Sciences Building, Room 1013, 525 Pine Street, Scranton, PA 18509, United States.
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: White
authors.affiliation: John A. Burns School of Medicine and Cardiovascular Division, University of Hawaii, The Queens Medical Center, 1301 Punchbowl Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, United States.
authors.forename: N I
authors.initials: NI
authors.lastname: Parikh
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, 145 North Riverside Drive, S400 CPHB, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, 145 North Riverside Drive, S400 CPHB, Iowa City, United States.
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Robinson
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001213:Asian / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001724:Birth Weight; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D047109:Fetal Development; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause; D015995:Prevalence; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016387:Women's Health
keywords: Birth weight; Diabetes; Fetal programming
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