title: Enabling an integrated rate-temporal learning scheme on memristor.
abstract: Learning scheme is the key to the utilization of spike-based computation and the emulation of neural/synaptic behaviors toward realization of cognition. The biological observations reveal an integrated spike time- and spike rate-dependent plasticity as a function of presynaptic firing frequency. However, this integrated rate-temporal learning scheme has not been realized on any nano devices. In this paper, such scheme is successfully demonstrated on a memristor. Great robustness against the spiking rate fluctuation is achieved by waveform engineering with the aid of good analog properties exhibited by the iron oxide-based memristor. The spike-time-dependence plasticity (STDP) occurs at moderate presynaptic firing frequencies and spike-rate-dependence plasticity (SRDP) dominates other regions. This demonstration provides a novel approach in neural coding implementation, which facilitates the development of bio-inspired computing systems.
authors.affiliation: 1] Data Storage Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608 [2].
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: 1] Singapore University of Technology & Design, 20 Dover Drive, Singapore 138682 [2].
authors.forename: Kejie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Data Storage Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608.
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ning
authors.affiliation: Data Storage Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608.
authors.forename: Kiruthika
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ramanathan
authors.affiliation: Optical Memory National Engineering Research Center, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
authors.forename: Guoqi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Data Storage Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Data Storage Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608.
authors.forename: Jiayin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sze
authors.affiliation: Optical Memory National Engineering Research Center, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
authors.forename: Luping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Singapore University of Technology & Design, 20 Dover Drive, Singapore 138682.
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Optical Memory National Engineering Research Center, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pei
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D008959:Models, Neurological; D009474:Neurons; D013569:Synapses
references.citation: Neural Comput. 2001 Dec;13(12):2709-41
references.pmid: 11705408
references.citation: Neuron. 1999 Apr;22(4):661-6
references.pmid: 10230787
references.citation: Nanotechnology. 2011 Jun 24;22(25):254023
references.pmid: 21572200
references.citation: Front Synaptic Neurosci. 2010 Jun 07;2:5
references.pmid: 21423491
references.citation: Neural Comput. 2001 Dec;13(12):2799-822
references.pmid: 11705411
references.citation: IEEE Trans Neural Netw. 2006 Jan;17(1):211-21
references.pmid: 16526488
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2006 Oct 11;26(41):10420-9
references.pmid: 17035526
references.citation: Biol Cybern. 2002 Dec;87(5-6):404-15
references.pmid: 12461630
references.citation: Neuron. 2001 Dec 20;32(6):1149-64
references.pmid: 11754844
references.citation: Nat Rev Neurosci. 2010 Sep;11(9):615-27
references.pmid: 20725095
references.citation: Science. 1997 Jan 10;275(5297):213-5
references.pmid: 8985014
references.citation: Sci Am. 2012 Jun;306(6):50-5
references.pmid: 22649994
references.citation: Nature. 1998 Sep 3;395(6697):37-44
references.pmid: 9738497
references.citation: Nat Commun. 2013;4:2382
references.pmid: 24008898
references.citation: Nat Rev Neurosci. 2004 Feb;5(2):97-107
references.pmid: 14735113
references.citation: Nat Nanotechnol. 2013 Jan;8(1):13-24
references.pmid: 23269430
references.citation: Sci Am. 2005 May;292(5):56-63
references.pmid: 15882022
references.citation: Nat Neurosci. 2005 Jul;8(7):839-41
references.pmid: 16136666
references.citation: Annu Rev Neurosci. 1995;18:255-81
references.pmid: 7605063
references.citation: Nature. 2005 Mar 10;434(7030):221-5
references.pmid: 15759002
references.citation: Psychol Rev. 1995 Jul;102(3):419-457
references.pmid: 7624455
references.citation: J Comp Neurol. 2009 Jun 1;514(4):343-52
references.pmid: 19330815
references.citation: Front Neurosci. 2011 May 31;5:73
references.pmid: 21747754
references.citation: Hippocampus. 2005;15(7):853-66
references.pmid: 16145693
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Dec 6;108(49):E1266-74
references.pmid: 22089232
references.citation: Nat Mater. 2011 Jun 26;10(8):591-5
references.pmid: 21706012
references.citation: J Neurosci. 1998 Dec 15;18(24):10464-72
references.pmid: 9852584
references.citation: Nat Mater. 2013 Feb;12(2):114-7
references.pmid: 23241533
references.citation: IEEE Trans Neural Netw. 2007 Sep;18(5):1472-87
references.pmid: 18220195
references.citation: Nano Lett. 2010 Apr 14;10(4):1297-301
references.pmid: 20192230
references.citation: Nano Lett. 2012 May 9;12(5):2179-86
references.pmid: 21668029
references.citation: ACS Nano. 2011 Sep 27;5(9):7669-76
references.pmid: 21861506
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2006 Jun 14;26(24):6610-7
references.pmid: 16775149
references.citation: Nat Commun. 2013;4:1771
references.pmid: 23612312
references.citation: Neural Comput. 2010 Aug;22(8):2059-85
references.pmid: 20438333
references.citation: Nano Lett. 2009 Feb;9(2):870-4
references.pmid: 19206536
references.citation: Neuron. 2012 Aug 23;75(4):556-71
references.pmid: 22920249
references.citation: Neuroscientist. 2003 Dec;9(6):463-74
references.pmid: 14678579
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2000 Dec 1;20(23):8812-21
references.pmid: 11102489
references.citation: Neural Comput. 2000 Oct;12(10):2227-58
references.pmid: 11032032
references.citation: Nature. 2008 May 1;453(7191):80-3
references.pmid: 18451858
references.citation: Nature. 2002 Jul 18;418(6895):326-31
references.pmid: 12124625
references.citation: Neuropharmacology. 1995 Nov;34(11):1387-95
references.pmid: 8606788