title: HPLC-Analysis of Polyphenolic Compounds in Gardenia jasminoides and Determination of Antioxidant Activity by Using Free Radical Scavenging Assays.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Gardenia jasminoides is a traditional medicinal plant rich in anti-inflammatory flavonoids and phenolic compounds and used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and pain. In this present study, antioxidant potential of Gardenia jasminoides leaves extract was evaluated by using various antioxidant assays.
  
  
  METHODS
  Various antioxidant assays such as 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, reducing power and total antioxidant capacity expressed as equivalent to ascorbic acid were employed. Moreover, phenolic compounds were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with diode-array detection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The methanol extract showed significant free radical scavenging activities in DPPH radical scavenging antioxidant assays compared to the reference antioxidant ascorbic acid. Total antioxidant activity was increased in a dose dependent manner. The extract also showed strong reducing power. The total phenolic content was determined as 190.97 mg/g of gallic acid equivalent. HPLC coupled with diode-array detection was used to identify and quantify the phenolic compounds in the extracts. Gallic acid, (+)-catechin, rutin hydrate and quercetin have been identified in the plant extracts. Among the phenolic compounds, catechin and rutin hydrate are present predominantly in the extract. The accuracy and precision of the presented method were corroborated by low intra- and inter-day variations in quantitative results in leaves extract.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that phenolic compounds and flavonoids might contribute to high antioxidant activities of Gardenia jasminoides leaves.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Stamford University Bangladesh, Dhaka-1217, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Riaz
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Uddin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Stamford University Bangladesh, Dhaka-1217, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Moni Rani
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Saha
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga (NSW), Australia.
authors.forename: Nusrat
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Subhan
authors.affiliation: BCSIR Laboratories, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Hemayet
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hossain
authors.affiliation: BCSIR Laboratories, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Ismet Ara
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Jahan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Stamford University Bangladesh, Dhaka-1217, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Raushanara
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Akter
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, North-South University, Dhaka-1229, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Ashraful
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alam
keywords: DPPH; Free radical; Gardenia jasminoides; Reducing power
references.citation: Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2009 Sep-Oct;2(4):191-206
references.pmid: 20716905
references.citation: Adv Pharm Bull. 2013;3(2):379-84
references.pmid: 24312864
references.citation: Adv Pharm Bull. 2013;3(1):115-20
references.pmid: 24312822
references.citation: J Chromatogr A. 2003 Nov 7;1018(1):29-40
references.pmid: 14582624
references.citation: BMC Complement Altern Med. 2012 Nov 16;12:221
references.pmid: 23153304
references.citation: BMC Res Notes. 2013 Mar 27;6:121
references.pmid: 23531304
references.citation: Free Radic Biol Med. 2004 Aug 1;37(3):304-17
references.pmid: 15223064
references.citation: Eur J Biochem. 1993 Jul 15;215(2):213-9
references.pmid: 7688300
references.citation: J Agric Food Chem. 2000 Jun;48(6):2266-70
references.pmid: 10888534
references.citation: Ann Intern Med. 1987 Oct;107(4):526-45
references.pmid: 3307585
references.citation: Free Radic Res. 2010 Oct;44(10):1216-62
references.pmid: 20836663
references.citation: J Agric Food Chem. 2003 Jan 29;51(3):609-14
references.pmid: 12537430
references.citation: J Agric Food Chem. 2005 Jun 15;53(12):4757-61
references.pmid: 15941311
references.citation: Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2006 Oct;33(10):925-33
references.pmid: 17002669
references.citation: J Ethnopharmacol. 2006 Feb 20;103(3):496-500
references.pmid: 16169698
references.citation: Drug Discov Ther. 2012 Dec;6(6):298-305
references.pmid: 23337817
references.citation: Clin Interv Aging. 2007;2(2):219-36
references.pmid: 18044138
references.citation: Anal Biochem. 1999 May 1;269(2):337-41
references.pmid: 10222007
references.citation: J Ethnopharmacol. 2003 Oct;88(2-3):275-7
references.pmid: 12963155
references.citation: Free Radic Biol Med. 1989;6(6):593-7
references.pmid: 2546864
references.citation: Adv Pharm Bull. 2012;2(1):107-14
references.pmid: 24312778
references.citation: J Agric Food Chem. 2003 Jan 29;51(3):571-81
references.pmid: 12537425
references.citation: Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2009 Nov-Dec;2(5):270-8
references.pmid: 20716914
references.citation: Food Chem Toxicol. 2013 Jan;51:15-25
references.pmid: 23017782
references.citation: Phytochemistry. 2009 Jan;70(1):11-24
references.pmid: 19147161
references.citation: Fitoterapia. 2000 Aug;71(4):395-9
references.pmid: 10925010
references.citation: Free Radic Res. 1996 Jul;25(1):57-74
references.pmid: 8814444
references.citation: Cancer Lett. 1995 Oct 20;97(1):61-7
references.pmid: 7585479
references.citation: Adv Pharmacol Sci. 2013;2013:296236
references.pmid: 23983682
references.citation: Ann Bot. 2003 Jan;91 Spec No:179-94
references.pmid: 12509339
references.citation: Food Chem Toxicol. 1995 Jul;33(7):601-17
references.pmid: 7628797
references.citation: Pharmacogn Rev. 2010 Jul;4(8):118-26
references.pmid: 22228951