title: Polymerase I and transcript release factor acts as an essential modulator of glioblastoma chemoresistance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study is to investigate if polymerase I and transcript release factor (PTRF) acts as a modulator in glioblastoma (GBM) chemoresistance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multidrug resistant (MDR) GBM cell line U251AR was established by exposing the U251 cell line to imatinib. The 2D-DIGE and MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS were performed on U251 and U251AR cell lines to screen MDR-related proteins. The expression of PTRF was determined by Western blot and quantitative RT-PCR analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When compared with the parental U251 cells, expression of 21 proteins was significantly altered in U251AR cells. Among the 21 differentially expressed proteins, the expression of PTRF was up-regulated by 2.14 folds in U251AR cells when compared with that in the parental U251 cells. Knockdown of PTRF in GBM cell lines significantly increased chemosensitivity of cells to various chemical drugs and decreased the expression levels of caveolin1, a major structural component of caveolae. Expression levels of PTRF and caveolin1 were significantly up-regulated in the relapsed GBM patients. The mRNA level of PTRF and caveolin1 showed a positive correlation in the same GBM specimens.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that PTRF acts as a modulator in GBM chemoresistance.
authors.affiliation: The National Key Clinic Specialty, the Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China; Department of Neurosurgery and Institute for Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: The National Key Clinic Specialty, the Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Tianzhu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Yifeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: The National Key Clinic Specialty, the Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Hongzhan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: The National Key Clinic Specialty, the Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Shengcong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongchuan People's Hospital, Tongchuan, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Zhenhua
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: The National Key Clinic Specialty, the Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Yanting
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Centre, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Xiaohui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: The National Key Clinic Specialty, the Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Hongbo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Guo
mesh_terms: D001549:Benzamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D051242:Caveolin 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D000068877:Imatinib Mesylate; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D040901:Proteomics; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012008:Recurrence
chemical_list: D001549:Benzamides; C497835:CAVIN1 protein, human; D051242:Caveolin 1; D010879:Piperazines; D011743:Pyrimidines; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D000068877:Imatinib Mesylate
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