title: Non-Hormonal treatment of BPH/BOO.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the use of non-hormonal pharmacotherapies in the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) due to presumed benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
  
  
  METHODS
  A search of the PUBMED database was conducted for the terms BPH, LUTS, bladder outlet obstruction, alpha-adrenoceptor blockers, anti-muscarinics, and phosphodiesterase-5-inhibitors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Medical therapy has long been established as the accepted standard of care in the treatment of male LUTS. The aim of treatment is improvement in symptoms and quality of life whilst minimizing adverse effects. The agents most widely used as 1(st) line therapy are alpha-blockers (AB), as a standalone or in combination with 2 other classes of drug; 5-α reductase inhibitors and anti-muscarinics. AB have rapid efficacy, improving symptoms and flow rate in a matter of days, these effects are then maintained over time. AB do not impact on prostate size and do not prevent acute urinary retention or the need for surgery. Anti-mucarinics, alone or in combination with an AB are safe and efficacious in the treatment of bothersome storage symptoms associated with LUTS/BPH. Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors are an emerging treatment option that improve LUTS without improving flow rates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AB are the most well-established pharmacotherapy in the management of men with LUTS/BPH. The emergence of different classes of agent offers the opportunity to target underlying pathophysiologies driving symptoms and better individualize treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Sheffield, UK.
authors.forename: Nadir I
authors.initials: NI
authors.lastname: Osman
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Sheffield, UK.
authors.forename: Altaf
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mangera
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Sheffield, UK.
authors.forename: Christopher R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Chapple
keywords: Alpha antagonists; antimuscarinics; efficacy; phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors; side effects; uroselectivity
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