title: Emodin attenuates systemic and liver inflammation in hyperlipidemic mice administrated with lipopolysaccharides.
abstract: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major epidemics of the modern societies and has an inflammatory component in the pathogenesis. However, approved anti-inflammatory therapies are not currently available for the prevention of the transition from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). We aimed to test if a Chinese herb-derived compound, emodin could halt the simple steatosis to NASH transition. LDLR-/-mice were fed a western-type diet for 10 weeks; and during the last four weeks, the mice were intra-peritoneally injected daily with LPS with or without emodin. Systemic inflammation was evaluated by measurement of serum levels of cytokines and chemokines and flow cytometric analysis of spleen leukocytes. Liver inflammation was determined by histology, immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry. Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot were performed to examine the effects of emodin on LPS-induced inflammatory responses in macrophages. Our data showed that emodin ameliorated systemic inflammation, reduced inflammatory cell infiltration in the liver, and attenuated liver function impairment. In vitro experiments showed emodin inhibited LPS-induced expression of proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages through suppressing Erk1/2 and p38 signaling. In conclusion, emodin inhibited the transition from simple steatosis to NASH in hyperlipidemic mice challenged with LPS through suppressing systemic and macrophage inflammation. Emodin may be developed as a therapy for NAFLD by the virtue of its anti-inflammatory effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia SC 29209, USA.
authors.forename: Xuemei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia SC 29209, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iwanowycz
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia SC 29209, USA Centre for Stem Cell Research and Application, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
authors.forename: Junfeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia SC 29209, USA.
authors.forename: Fatma
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Saaoud
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia SC 29209, USA Department of nutrition and food hygiene, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia SC 29209, USA.
authors.forename: Yuzhen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia SC 29208, USA.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia SC 29208, USA.
authors.forename: Saurabh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chatterjee
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia SC 29208, USA.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia SC 29209, USA daping.fan@uscmed.sc.edu.
authors.forename: Daping
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fan
keywords: Emodin; NAFLD; cytokine; inflammation; macrophage
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