title: Active and passive smoking and fecundability in Danish pregnancy planners.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the extent to which fecundability is associated with active smoking, time since smoking cessation, and passive smoking.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Denmark, 2007-2011.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 3,773 female pregnancy planners aged 18-40 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  METHODS
  Self-reported pregnancy. Fecundability ratios (FRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using a proportional probabilities model that adjusted for menstrual cycle at risk and potential confounders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among current smokers, smoking duration of ≥10 years was associated with reduced fecundability compared with never smokers (FR, 0.85, 95% CI 0.72-1.00). Former smokers who had smoked ≥10 pack-years had reduced fecundability regardless of when they quit smoking (1-1.9 years FR, 0.83, 95% CI 0.54-1.27; ≥2 years FR, 0.73, 95% CI 0.53-1.02). Among never smokers, the FRs were 1.04 (95% CI 0.89-1.21) for passive smoking in early life and 0.92 (95% CI 0.82-1.03) for passive smoking in adulthood.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among Danish pregnancy planners, cumulative exposure to active cigarette smoking was associated with delayed conception among current and former smokers. Time since smoking cessation and passive smoking were not appreciably associated with fecundability.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Electronic address: radin@bu.edu.
authors.forename: Rose G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Radin
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Elizabeth E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Hatch
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Kenneth J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Rothman
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: Ellen M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Mikkelsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: Henrik Toft
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Sørensen
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: Anders H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Riis
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Lauren A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Wise
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003718:Denmark; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D013997:Time Factors; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000517:prevention & control; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution
keywords: Fecundability; cigarette smoking; cohort study; fertility; tobacco smoke pollution
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