title: Effect of fruit juice on glucose control and insulin sensitivity in adults: a meta-analysis of 12 randomized controlled trials.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diabetes mellitus has become a worldwide health problem. Whether fruit juice is beneficial in glycemic control is still inconclusive. This study aimed to synthesize evidence from randomized controlled trials on fruit juice in relationship to glucose control and insulin sensitivity.
  
  
  METHODS
  A strategic literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library (updated to March, 2014) was performed to retrieve the randomized controlled trials that evaluated the effects of fruit juice on glucose control and insulin sensitivity. Study quality was assessed using the Jadad scale. Weighted mean differences were calculated for net changes in the levels of fasting glucose, fasting insulin, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) using fixed- or random-effects model. Prespecified subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed to explore the potential heterogeneity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve trials comprising a total of 412 subjects were included in the current meta-analysis. The numbers of these studies that reported the data on fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HbA1c and HOMA-IR were 12, 5, 3 and 3, respectively. Fruit juice consumption did not show a significant effect on fasting glucose and insulin concentrations. The net change was 0.79 mg/dL (95% CI: -1.44, 3.02 mg/dL; P = 0.49) for fasting glucose concentrations and -0.74 µIU/ml (95% CI: -2.62, 1.14 µIU/ml; P = 0.44) for fasting insulin concentrations in the fixed-effects model. Subgroup analyses further suggested that the effect of fruit juice on fasting glucose concentrations was not influenced by population region, baseline glucose concentration, duration, type of fruit juice, glycemic index of fruit juice, fruit juice nutrient constitution, total polyphenols dose and Jadad score.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This meta-analysis showed that fruit juice may have no overall effect on fasting glucose and insulin concentrations. More RCTs are warranted to further clarify the association between fruit juice and glycemic control.
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center, Chongqing, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center, Chongqing, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center, Chongqing, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Mantian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mi
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D001628:Beverages / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007328:Insulin
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