title: Effect of backward walking treadmill training on walking capacity after stroke: a randomized clinical trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Residual walking deficits are common in people after stroke. Treadmill training can increase walking speed and walking distance. A new way to increase the challenge of walking is to walk backwards. Backward treadmill walking may provide advantages by promoting improvement in balance, walking spatiotemporal parameters and quality that may reflect in improving walking distance.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study will test the hypothesis that backward treadmill walking is superior to forward treadmill walking in improving walking capacity, walking parameters, quality and balance in people with stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, single-blinded, randomized trial will randomly allocate 88 community-dwelling people after stroke into either an experimental or control group. The experimental group will undertake 30-min sessions of backward treadmill walking, three-days/week for six-weeks, while the control group will undertake the same dose of forward treadmill walking. Training will begin at the baseline overground walking speed and will increase each week by 10% of baseline speed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The primary outcome will be distance walked in the 6-min Walk Test. Secondary outcomes will be walking speed, step length, cadence, and one-leg stance time. Outcomes will be collected by a researcher blinded to group allocation at baseline (Week 0), at the end of training period (Week 6), and three-months after the cessation of intervention (Week 18).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  If backward treadmill walking can improve walking capacity more than forward treadmill training in stroke, it may have broader implications because walking capacity has been shown to predict physical activity level and community participation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Physical Therapy Master Program, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
authors.forename: Stella Maris
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Michaelsen
authors.forename: Angélica Cristiane
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Ovando
authors.forename: Fernanda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Romaguera
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ada
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005080:Exercise Test; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: ambulation; clinical trial; intervention; rehabilitation; stroke