title: Colesevelam, Ezetimibe, and Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes From a Health Care Database.
abstract: Despite the prevalence of therapies available to patients at highest coronary heart disease risk, only a minority of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients reach desired cholesterol treatment levels, with limited data regarding their outcomes.
  
  
  
  To examine "real-world" effectiveness of initiating treatment with either colesevelam or ezetimibe among individuals with evidence of T2DM and hypercholesterolemia (HCh). Key outcomes included treatment patterns and cardiovascular (CV) events.
  
  
  
  This retrospective administrative claims-based study utilized medical, pharmacy, and enrollment data linked to laboratory results information from a large United States health plan (January 1, 2006, to March 31, 2011) and included individuals with recorded evidence of T2DM and HCh. The index date was the date of first pharmacy claim for colesevelam or ezetimibe, with cohort assignment based on index medication. Assessments included baseline characteristics, follow-up treatment patterns, and composite CV event, with propensity score matching to correct for sample selection bias.
  
  
  
  In total, 4231 individuals were identified with evidence of HCh and T2DM (ezetimibe n = 3384; colesevelam n = 847). After matching, the baseline characteristics between cohorts were rendered to be similar. Mean days of persistent medication use was lower with colesevelam compared with ezetimibe (P < 0.001). Compared with ezetimibe, a smaller percentage of individuals in the colesevelam cohort experienced a follow-up composite CV event, and adjusted Cox model results suggested decreased risk (hazard ratio = 0.58; P = 0.004) of a follow-up composite CV event.
  
  
  
  In this health care database analysis among patients with HCh and T2DM, colesevelam was associated with decreased risk of a composite CV event compared with ezetimibe, despite lower persistence.
authors.affiliation: Optum, Inc, Eden Prairie, MN, USA jason.swindle@optum.com.
authors.forename: Jason P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Swindle
authors.affiliation: Daiichi Sankyo, Inc, Parsippany, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Formerly of Daiichi Sankyo, Inc, Parsippany, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Rajiv
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mallick
authors.affiliation: Optum, Inc, Eden Prairie, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Optum, Inc, Eden Prairie, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Horstman
authors.affiliation: L-Marc Research Center, Louisville, KY, USA.
authors.forename: Harold E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Bays
keywords: adherence; cardiovascular; colesevelam; diabetes; ezetimibe; persistence