title: Social isolation disrupts hippocampal neurogenesis in young non-human primates.
abstract: Social relationships are crucial for the development and maintenance of normal behavior in non-human primates. Animals that are raised in isolation develop abnormal patterns of behavior that persist even when they are later reunited with their parents. In rodents, social isolation is a stressful event and is associated with a decrease in hippocampal neurogenesis but considerably less is known about the effects of social isolation in non-human primates during the transition from adolescence to adulthood. To investigate how social isolation affects young marmosets, these were isolated from other members of the colony for 1 or 3 weeks and evaluated for alterations in their behavior and hippocampal cell proliferation. We found that anxiety-related behaviors like scent-marking and locomotor activity increased after social isolation when compared to baseline levels. In agreement, grooming-an indicative of attenuation of tension-was reduced among isolated marmosets. These results were consistent with increased cortisol levels after 1 and 3 weeks of isolation. After social isolation (1 or 3 weeks), reduced proliferation of neural cells in the subgranular zone of dentate granule cell layer was identified and a smaller proportion of BrdU-positive cells underwent neuronal fate (doublecortin labeling). Our data is consistent with the notion that social deprivation during the transition from adolescence to adulthood leads to stress and produces anxiety-like behaviors that in turn might affect neurogenesis and contribute to the deleterious consequences of prolonged stressful conditions.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Simone M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Cinini
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gabriela F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Barnabe
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte Natal, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Galvão-Coelho
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro Brazil.
authors.forename: Magda A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: de Medeiros
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Patrícia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Perez-Mendes
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte Natal, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria B C
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Sousa
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciene
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Covolan
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiz E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Mello
keywords: anxiety; hippocampal neurogenesis; isolation stress; social isolation; young marmosets
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