title: Stage-dependent DAZL localization in stallion germ cells.
abstract: Deleted in azoospermia-like (DAZL) is used as a germ cell marker in several species, including mice, rats, pigs, rhesus monkeys, bulls, and humans. Our objectives with this study were to investigate DAZL expression in stallion germ cells by using immunofluorescence, immunocytochemistry, and western blotting, and to determine the effects of reproductive stage and breeding season on the DAZL-positive cell population in seminiferous tubule cross sections. Testes were obtained during routine castration procedures at a large animal clinic and routine field service castration. The reproductive stage of the stallions was classified as pre-pubertal (<1 yr), pubertal (1-1.5 yr), post-pubertal (2-3 yr), or adult (4-8 yr). Using immunofluorescent staining, we showed that DAZL is localized to the cytoplasm of some, but not all, spermatogonia in pre-pubertal and pubertal horses. In the post-pubertal and adult testes, DAZL immunostaining was observed in spermatogonia proximal to the basement membrane of seminiferous tubules; however, few spermatogonia attached to the basement membrane were not immunolabeled. DAZL immunostaining was also observed in primary spermatocytes, but not in secondary spermatocytes, spermatids, or spermatozoa. DAZL protein was not detected in Leydig, Sertoli, or myoid cells of the testes at any reproductive stage. The immunocytochemistry analysis showed that DAZL immunolabeling was also localized to the cytoplasm of isolated germ cells such as spermatogonia or primary spermatocytes. We conclude that DAZL can be used as a marker of pre-meiotic germ cells in stallions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Biotechnology Science, College of Animal Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 742-711, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal & Food Bioscience, Research Institute for Biomedical & Health Science, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chung-ju 380-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Biotechnology Science, College of Animal Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 742-711, Republic of Korea; Department of Horse, Companion and Wild Animal Science, College of Animal Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 742-711, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: mjyoon@knu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Yoon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D015153:Blotting, Western; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006736:Horses / Q000502:physiology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012741:Sexual Maturation / Q000502:physiology; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins
keywords: DAZL; Germ cells; Spermatogonial stem cells; Stallion; Testis