title: Prevalence of temporomandibular disorder in children and adolescents from public schools in southern portugal.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prevalence of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) in children and adolescents is in the range of 6-68% and can be triggered or aggravated by emotional stress.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The study was to investigate the prevalence of TMD in Portuguese children and adolescents and its association with emotional stress.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample comprised 3,260 students aged 5-19 years. The questionnaire was used to assess the presence of TMD, and was applied in a single moment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TMD was observed in 821 (25.2%) students. The most common symptoms of TMD were: if considered tense or nervous (52%), have headaches (36.8%), and habit of clenching or grinding teeth (27.3%). The girls had a 1.36 higher probability of developing TMD than boys (95% CI: 1.14-1.63; p < 0.001); moreover, students from the older age group had a 2.31 higher probability of developing the disorder (95% CI: 1.85-2.89; p < 0.001). Students who considered themselves tense or nervous presented 8.74 higher probability (95% CI: 7.03-10.86; p < 0.001) of developing TMD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed a high prevalence of TMD in children and adolescents in southern Portugal, and revealed a significant association between this dysfunction and the levels of emotional stress. Female students, older students, and those considered tense or nervous have a higher probability of developing TMD.
authors.affiliation: School of Health Jean Piaget Algarve, Piaget Institute, Portugal ; National School of Public Health, NOVA University of Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Minghelli
authors.affiliation: School of Health Jean Piaget Algarve, Piaget Institute, Portugal.
authors.forename: Iara
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.affiliation: School of Health Jean Piaget Algarve, Piaget Institute, Portugal.
authors.forename: Melani
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Porfírio
authors.affiliation: School of Health Jean Piaget Algarve, Piaget Institute, Portugal.
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.affiliation: School of Health Jean Piaget Algarve, Piaget Institute, Portugal.
authors.forename: Sabina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cascalheiro
authors.affiliation: School of Health Jean Piaget Algarve, Piaget Institute, Portugal.
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Barreto
authors.affiliation: School of Health Jean Piaget Algarve, Piaget Institute, Portugal.
authors.forename: Andreia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Soeiro
authors.affiliation: School of Health Jean Piaget Algarve, Piaget Institute, Portugal.
authors.forename: Leandro
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Almeida
keywords: Adolescent; children; emotional stress; prevalence; temporomandibular disorder
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