title: Waist circumference provides an indication of numerous cardiometabolic risk factors in adults with cerebral palsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors in a cohort of adults with cerebral palsy (CP) and to investigate the ability of anthropometric measures to predict these factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Testing took place in a laboratory setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adults with CP (N=55; mean age, 37.5±13.3 y; Gross Motor Function Classification System levels, I-V) participated in this study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Not applicable.
  
  
  METHODS
  Total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, insulin, and C-reactive protein levels were measured from a fasting venous blood sample. Insulin resistance was calculated using the Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA-IR) index. Blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio, and waist-height ratio were also measured. The metabolic syndrome (MetS) was defined according to the 2009 Joint Interim Statement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of the MetS was 20.5% in ambulatory adults and 28.6% in nonambulatory adults. BMI was associated with HOMA-IR only (β=.451; P<.01). WC was associated with HOMA-IR (β=.480; P<.01), triglycerides (β=.450; P<.01), and systolic blood pressure (β=.352; P<.05). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that WC provided the best indication of hypertensive blood pressure, dyslipidemia, HOMA-IR, and the presence of multiple risk factors (area under the curve, .713-.763).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A high prevalence of the MetS was observed in this relatively young sample of adults with CP. WC was a better indicator of a number of risk factors than was BMI and presents as a clinically useful method of screening for cardiometabolic risk among adults with CP.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland. Electronic address: Jennifer.Ryan@brunel.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Jennifer M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Vivion E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Crowley
authors.affiliation: Central Remedial Clinic, Clontarf, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Owen
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hensey
authors.affiliation: Central Remedial Clinic, Clontarf, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Ailish
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McGahey
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gormley
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001827:Body Height; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012372:ROC Curve; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D055105:Waist Circumference; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D007328:Insulin; D014280:Triglycerides; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D002784:Cholesterol
keywords: Body mass index; Cardiovascular diseases; Cerebral palsy; Metabolic syndrome X; Rehabilitation; Risk factors; Waist circumference