title: The efficacy of a hemostatic agent in anticoagulant drug-induced rat bleeding model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bleeding is a major problem in warfarin pretreated patients who need emergency surgical procedures. APH is a hemostatic agent with ultra-hydrophilic and particulate properties. This study aimed to evaluate the in vivo hemostatic effect of APH in rats pretreated with warfarin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight Wistar rats were divided into two main groups: one group was pretreated with warfarin and the other group was not. These two groups were further divided into three subgroups according to the administration of APH, wheat meal, or saline, for a total of six subgroups. Standard full thickness tissue defects were performed on the backs of the rats. Saline, wheat meal, or APH were administered to the bleeding defect site in both main groups. Hemostasis time and amount of bleeding were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The bleeding time in rats administered APH was significantly shorter than those administered wheat meal and saline. Consequently, the amount of bleeding was significantly less in the APH groups than in the control groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  APH has an effective hemostatic property in rats pretreated or non-pretreated with anticoagulants. Hemostatic agents can be useful for incidences of external bleedings, which are increasing because of anticoagulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Bezmialem Vakıf University Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey. ertansonmez3@msn.com.
authors.forename: Ertan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sönmez
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Umut Yücel
authors.initials: UY
authors.lastname: Cavuş
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Bezmialem Vakıf University Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Cemil
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Civelek
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Bezmialem Vakıf University Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dur
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Bezmialem Vakıf University Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Eda
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Karayel
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Bezmialem Vakıf University Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Bedia
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gülen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Bezmialem Vakıf University Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Omer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Uysal
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Siyami Ersek Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Göktürk
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ipek
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006487:Hemostasis / Q000187:drug effects; D006490:Hemostatics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014859:Warfarin / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D006490:Hemostatics; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014859:Warfarin