title: Large scale implementation of clinical medication reviews in Dutch community pharmacies: drug-related problems and interventions.
abstract: Research on the benefits of clinical medication reviews (CMRs) performed by pharmacists has been conducted mostly in controlled settings and has been widely published. Less is known of the effects after large scale implementation in community pharmacies. An online CMR tool enabled the systematic registration of drug-related problems (DRPs) and implemented interventions derived from CMRs in daily practice.
  
  
  
  To describe the effects of CMRs on pharmacy practice after large-scale implementation in the Netherlands.
  
  
  
  268 community pharmacies. Pharmacists were trained on CMRs with a patient centred approach.
  
  
  
  Retrospective analyses of DRPs, pharmacists' proposals and implemented interventions recorded between January 1st and September 1st 2012.
  
  
  
  Frequencies of DRPs, intervention proposals, implemented interventions, and drugs involved.
  
  
  
  4,579 CMRs were analysed. On average 2.9 (SD 2.1) DRPs per review were identified. 4,123 (31 %) of the DRPs led to medication changes. Stopping a drug (16 %) was more frequent than starting a drug (8.1 %). Drugs related to cardiovascular risk management, diabetes and osteoporosis were most frequently involved.
  
  
  
  This study is the largest analysis of pharmacists-initiated CMRs in the Netherlands to date. The findings demonstrate the potential to reduce medication-related errors through pharmacist involvements in complex pharmacotherapy and the positive impact on the quality of drug therapy through making necessary medication changes. The data also support the need for large-scale implementation of pharmacists-initiated CMRs in the presence of proper training programmes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands,  thomasg.h.kempen@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Thomas G H
authors.initials: TGH
authors.lastname: Kempen
authors.forename: Caroline H P A
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: van de Steeg-van Gompel
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hoogland
authors.forename: Yuqian
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Marcel L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Bouvy
mesh_terms: D003157:Community Pharmacy Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D054539:Medication Therapy Management / Q000458:organization & administration*; D009426:Netherlands; D012189:Retrospective Studies
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