title: Environmental acoustic enrichment promotes recovery from developmentally degraded auditory cortical processing.
abstract: It has previously been shown that environmental enrichment can enhance structural plasticity in the brain and thereby improve cognitive and behavioral function. In this study, we reared developmentally noise-exposed rats in an acoustic-enriched environment for ∼4 weeks to investigate whether or not enrichment could restore developmentally degraded behavioral and neuronal processing of sound frequency. We found that noise-exposed rats had significantly elevated sound frequency discrimination thresholds compared with age-matched naive rats. Environmental acoustic enrichment nearly restored to normal the behavioral deficit resulting from early disrupted acoustic inputs. Signs of both degraded frequency selectivity of neurons as measured by the bandwidth of frequency tuning curves and decreased long-term potentiation of field potentials recorded in the primary auditory cortex of these noise-exposed rats also were reversed partially. The observed behavioral and physiological effects induced by enrichment were accompanied by recovery of cortical expressions of certain NMDA and GABAA receptor subunits and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. These studies in a rodent model show that environmental acoustic enrichment promotes recovery from early noise-induced auditory cortical dysfunction and indicate a therapeutic potential of this noninvasive approach for normalizing neurological function from pathologies that cause hearing and associated language impairments in older children and adults.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, and Keck Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143.
authors.forename: Xiaoqing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Huifang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Xinde
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Kilgard
authors.forename: Michael M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Merzenich
authors.forename: Xiaoming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001303:Auditory Cortex / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001304:Auditory Diseases, Central / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D001307:Auditory Perception / Q000502:physiology; D001309:Auditory Threshold; D004777:Environment; D005260:Female; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000502:physiology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D017774:Long-Term Potentiation / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009622:Noise / Q000009:adverse effects; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A / Q000378:metabolism; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000378:metabolism; D020127:Recovery of Function
chemical_list: D011963:Receptors, GABA-A; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate
keywords: BDNF; environmental acoustic enrichment; frequency discrimination performance; frequency selectivity; primary auditory cortex
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