title: Development of Localized Pulmonary Interstitial Emphysema in a Late Preterm Infant without Mechanical Ventilation.
abstract: Pulmonary interstitial emphysema (PIE) is not an uncommon finding in premature infants with respiratory distress who need respiratory support by mechanical ventilation. PIE has been reported in a few cases of neonates in whom either no treatment other than room air was given or they were given continuous positive end-expiratory pressure (CPAP) support. We present a case of a premature neonate who presented with respiratory distress, in whom PIE and spontaneous pneumothorax (PTX) developed while on CPAP therapy only. The patient was treated conservatively with subsequent resolution of the radiological findings and clinical improvement. No surgical intervention was required. It is important to know that PIE may develop independently of mechanical ventilation. We would like to add this case to the literature and describe the pertinent plain film and computed tomography (CT) findings of this entity, the possible mechanism of development, and the differential diagnosis. A review of the literature is also provided.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA.
authors.forename: Pritish
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4130-7554
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA.
authors.forename: Kultida
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Soontarapornchai
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA.
authors.forename: Agnes
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Perenyi
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA.
authors.forename: Rachelle
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-3452-9992
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Goldfisher
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Amodio
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