title: β1-integrin-dependent migration of microglia in response to neuron-released α-synuclein.
abstract: Chronic neuroinflammation is an integral pathological feature of major neurodegenerative diseases. The recruitment of microglia to affected brain regions and the activation of these cells are the major events leading to disease-associated neuroinflammation. In a previous study, we showed that neuron-released α-synuclein can activate microglia through activating the Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) pathway, resulting in proinflammatory responses. However, it is not clear whether other signaling pathways are involved in the migration and activation of microglia in response to neuron-released α-synuclein. In the current study, we demonstrated that TLR2 activation is not sufficient for all of the changes manifested by microglia in response to neuron-released α-synuclein. Specifically, the migration of and morphological changes in microglia, triggered by neuron-released α-synuclein, did not require the activation of TLR2, whereas increased proliferation and production of cytokines were strictly under the control of TLR2. Construction of a hypothetical signaling network using computational tools and experimental validation with various peptide inhibitors showed that β1-integrin was necessary for both the morphological changes and the migration. However, neither proliferation nor cytokine production by microglia was dependent on the activation of β1-integrin. These results suggest that β1-integrin signaling is specifically responsible for the recruitment of microglia to the disease-affected brain regions, where neurons most likely release relatively high levels of α-synuclein.
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea [2] IBST, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Changyoun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Eun-Deok
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: IBST, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyung-Koo
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Sungyong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: You
authors.affiliation: 1] IBST, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea [2] Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: He-Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering and Department of Chemical Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang, Kyoungbuk, Korea.
authors.forename: Daehee
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea [2] IBST, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Seung-Jae
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053263:Gene Regulatory Networks; D006801:Humans; D019012:Integrin beta1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D017628:Microglia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D051844:alpha-Synuclein / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D019012:Integrin beta1; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051844:alpha-Synuclein
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