title: Changes in respiratory activity induced by mastication during oral breathing in humans.
abstract: We examined the effect of oral breathing on respiratory movements, including the number of respirations and the movement of the thoracic wall at rest and while chewing gum. Forty normal nose breathers were selected by detecting expiratory airflow from the mouth using a CO2 sensor. Chest measurements were recorded using a Piezo respiratory belt transducer, and electromyographic (EMG) activity of the masseter and trapezius muscles were recorded at rest and while chewing gum during nasal or oral breathing. Oral breathing was introduced by completely occluding the nostrils with a nose clip. During oral breathing, the respiration rate was significantly lower while chewing gum than while at rest (P < 0.05). While chewing gum, the respiration rate was significantly lower during oral breathing than during nasal breathing (P < 0.05). During oral breathing, thoracic movement was significantly higher while chewing gum than while at rest (P < 0.05). Thoracic movement was significantly greater during oral breathing than during nasal breathing (P < 0.05). The trapezius muscle exhibited significant EMG activity when chewing gum during oral breathing. The activity of the trapezius muscle coincided with increased movement of the thoracic wall. Chewing food while breathing through the mouth interferes with and decreases the respiratory cycle and promotes unusual respiratory movement of the thoracic wall, which is directed by the activity of accessory muscles of respiration.
authors.affiliation: Division of Orofacial Functions and Orthodontics, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Daimon
authors.affiliation: Division of Orofacial Functions and Orthodontics, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka, Japan ykazu@kyu-dent.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000328:Adult; D002638:Chewing Gum; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008406:Masseter Muscle / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008409:Mastication / Q000502:physiology*; D009058:Mouth Breathing / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics; D012132:Respiratory Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology*; D056152:Respiratory Rate; D013909:Thorax / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D002638:Chewing Gum
keywords: mastication; oral breathing; thoracic wall movement