title: Increasing use of antibiotics in pregnancy during the period 2000-2010: prevalence, timing, category, and demographics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to describe the use of antibiotics in a national population-based cohort of pregnant Danish women between 2000 and 2010.
  
  
  METHODS
  Register-based, population-wide, cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Denmark, from 2000 to 2010.
  
  
  METHODS
  All pregnancies among Danish residents during the period 2000-2010 were included for analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were obtained from the Danish Medical Birth Registry, the Danish National Patient Registry, and the Registry of Medicinal Product Statistics. The filled prescriptions for systemic antibacterial, antimycotic, and antiviral drugs, as well as intravaginally applied antibiotics, were analysed. Associations with demographic variables were assessed using multivariate analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Filled prescriptions for antibiotic drugs during pregnancy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We included 987 973 pregnancies in Denmark from 2000 to 2010; 38.9% of women with a delivery and 14.8% of women with a miscarriage or termination of pregnancy had one or more antibiotic treatments during pregnancy. Systemic antibacterial drugs were the most frequently used drug group, with filled prescriptions for 33.4% of all deliveries and 12.6% of all abortions. This proportion increased from 28.4% in 2000 to 37.0% in 2010 among deliveries. The biggest change was seen for pivmecillinam, which increased among deliveries from 6.3% in 2000 to 19.5% in 2010. Obese (odds ratio 1.51; 95% CI 1.47-1.56), young (odds ratio 1.35; 95% CI 1.30-1.39), and low-educated women (odds ratio 1.37; 95% CI 1.35-1.1.39) tended to fill more prescriptions of antibiotics during pregnancy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, the number of women who filled prescriptions of antibiotics increased during the 11-year study period. In 2010, at least 41.5% of all deliveries were exposed to antibiotic therapy during pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Broe
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pottegård
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Lamont
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Jørgensen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Damkier
mesh_terms: D000028:Abortion, Induced; D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011159:Population Surveillance; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: Antibacterials; Denmark; antibiotics; antimycotic drug use; pregnancy