title: A survey of liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of mercapturic acid biomarkers in occupational and environmental exposure monitoring.
abstract: High-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) is sensitive and specific for targeted quantitative analysis and is readily utilized for small molecules from biological matrices. This brief review describes recent selected HPLC/MS methods for the determination of urinary mercapturic acids (mercapturates) which are useful as biomarkers in characterizing human exposure to electrophilic industrial chemicals in occupational and environmental studies. Electrophilic compounds owing to their reactivity are used in chemical and industrial processes. They are present in industrial emissions, are combustion products of fossil fuels, and are components in tobacco smoke. Their presence in both the industrial and general environments are of concern for human and environmental health. Urinary mercapturates which are the products of metabolic detoxification of reactive chemicals provide a non-invasive tool to investigate human exposure to electrophilic toxicants. Selected recent mercapturate quantification methods are summarized and specific cases are presented. The biological formation of mercapturates is introduced and their use as biomarkers of metabolic processing of electrophilic compounds is discussed. Also, the use of liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry in simultaneous determinations of the mercapturates of multiple parent compounds in a single determination is considered, as well as future trends and limitations in this area of research.
authors.affiliation: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Applied Science and Technology, Biomonitoring and Health Assessment Branch, Robert A. Taft Laboratories, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, United States. Electronic address: pmathias@cdc.gov.
authors.forename: Patricia I
authors.initials: PI
authors.lastname: Mathias
authors.affiliation: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Applied Science and Technology, Biomonitoring and Health Assessment Branch, Robert A. Taft Laboratories, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, United States.
authors.forename: Clayton
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: B'Hymer
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000032:analysis* / Q000652:urine*; D000818:Animals; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000111:Acetylcysteine
keywords: Industrial chemicals; Liquid chromatography; Mass spectrometry; Mercapturic acid; Occupational exposure; Urinary biomarker
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