title: Inhibition of biofilm formation by conformationally constrained indole-based analogues of the marine alkaloid oroidin.
abstract: Herein, we describe indole-based analogues of oroidin as a novel class of 2-aminoimidazole-based inhibitors of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation and, to the best of our knowledge, the first reported 2-aminoimidazole-based inhibitors of Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation. This study highlighted the indole moiety as a dibromopyrrole mimetic for obtaining inhibitors of S. aureus and S. mutans biofilm formation. The most potent compound in the series, 5-(trifluoromethoxy)indole-based analogue 4b (MBIC50 = 20 μM), emerged as a promising hit for further optimisation of novel inhibitors of S. aureus and S. mutans biofilms.
authors.affiliation: University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Žiga
authors.initials: Ž
authors.lastname: Hodnik
authors.affiliation: University of Gdańsk, Department of Molecular Biology, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
authors.forename: Joanna M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Łoś
authors.affiliation: University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Aleš
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Žula
authors.affiliation: University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Nace
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zidar
authors.affiliation: University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Žiga
authors.initials: Ž
authors.lastname: Jakopin
authors.affiliation: University of Gdańsk, Department of Molecular Biology, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Łoś
authors.affiliation: University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Marija
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sollner Dolenc
authors.affiliation: University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Janez
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ilaš
authors.affiliation: University of Gdańsk, Department of Molecular Biology, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland. Electronic address: grzegorz.wegrzyn@biol.ug.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Grzegorz
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Węgrzyn
authors.affiliation: University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. Electronic address: lucija.peterlin@ffa.uni-lj.si.
authors.forename: Lucija
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Peterlin Mašič
authors.affiliation: University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Danijel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kikelj
mesh_terms: D000470:Alkaloids / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007211:Indoles / Q000737:chemistry*; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D015394:Molecular Structure; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D007211:Indoles; D011758:Pyrroles; C077209:oroidin
keywords: Biofilm; Indole; Inhibition; Marine; Oroidin