title: [Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: retrospective study of 185 cases in Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire)].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cutaneous bullous adverse drug eruptions are a dreaded complication of drug use.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to document the epidemiological features, outcomes, and causes of these reactions, in particular, Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis (Lyell disease), in a teaching hospital in Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire).
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study reviewed the records of severe cutaneous drug reactions in patients managed in the dermatology department of the University Hospital of Treichville (Abidjan) over a period of ten years (from September 2000 through August 2010).
  
  
  RESULTS
  These diseases were diagnosed in 185 patients during the study period. Their mean age was 31.8 years (range: 2-70 years) and the M/F sex ratio was 0.6 The most frequent reactions, as expected, were Stevens-Johnson syndrome (73%) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (27%). The drugs most commonly involved were the antibacterial sulfonamides (22.1%), followed by the antiviral nevirapine (11.1%), and the antimalarial agent, sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine. The fatality rate was 22.5%, including 46% of the patients with toxic epidermal necrolysis and 14.6% of those with Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Respiratory distress (39.5%) and dehydration (23.4%) were the primary direct causes of death.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Antibacterial sulfonamides are the leading drugs implicated in the occurrence of bullous drug eruptions in Abidjan.
authors.affiliation: Service de dermatologie-vénérologie, CHU de Treichville, 12 BP 2300, Abidjan 12, 225 Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kourouma
authors.affiliation: Service de dermatologie-vénérologie, CHU de Treichville, 12 BP 2300, Abidjan 12, 225 Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sangaré
authors.affiliation: Service de dermatologie-vénérologie, CHU de Treichville, 12 BP 2300, Abidjan 12, 225 Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaloga
authors.affiliation: Service de dermatologie-vénérologie, CHU de Treichville, 12 BP 2300, Abidjan 12, 225 Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kouassi
authors.affiliation: Service de dermatologie-vénérologie, CHU de Treichville, 12 BP 2300, Abidjan 12, 225 Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ecra
authors.affiliation: Service de dermatologie-vénérologie, CHU de Treichville, 12 BP 2300, Abidjan 12, 225 Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gbery
authors.affiliation: Service de dermatologie-vénérologie, CHU de Treichville, 12 BP 2300, Abidjan 12, 225 Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ahogo
authors.affiliation: Service de dermatologie-vénérologie, CHU de Treichville, 12 BP 2300, Abidjan 12, 225 Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kouassi
authors.affiliation: Service de dermatologie-vénérologie, CHU de Treichville, 12 BP 2300, Abidjan 12, 225 Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kassi
authors.affiliation: Service de dermatologie-vénérologie, CHU de Treichville, 12 BP 2300, Abidjan 12, 225 Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Camara
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D007560:Cote d'Ivoire; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013262:Stevens-Johnson Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Côte d’Ivoire; Lyell syndrome-toxic epidermal necrolysis; Stevens-Johnson syndrome-toxic epidermal necrolysis; bullous drug eruption