title: Multilayers of cellulose derivatives and chitosan on nanofibrillated cellulose.
abstract: The aim of this work was to study the effect of solution conditions and polysaccharide structure on their Layer-by-Layer (LbL) deposition on nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC). Multilayer build-up of cellulose derivatives and chitosan on NFC model surfaces was studied using Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation (QCM-D) and Colloidal Probe Microscopy (CPM). The type of cationic polysaccharide was found to significantly affect the multilayer build-up and surface interactions. Cationic cellulose derivative quaternized hydroxyethyl cellulose ethoxylate (HECE) formed highly water-swollen layers with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and the build-up was markedly influenced by both the ionic strength and pH. The ionic strength did not significantly influence the multilayer build-up of chitosan-CMC system, and adsorbed chitosan layers decreased the viscoelasticity of the system. Based on the results, it was also confirmed that electrostatic interaction is not the only driving force in case of the build-up of polysaccharide multilayers on nanofibrillated cellulose.
authors.affiliation: Aalto University School of Chemical Technology, Department of Forest Products Technology, P.O. Box 16300, 00076 Aalto, Finland. Electronic address: karoliina.junka@aalto.fi.
authors.forename: Karoliina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Junka
authors.affiliation: Aalto University School of Chemical Technology, Department of Forest Products Technology, P.O. Box 16300, 00076 Aalto, Finland. Electronic address: ola.sundman@chem.umu.se.
authors.forename: Ola
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sundman
authors.affiliation: Aalto University School of Chemical Technology, Department of Forest Products Technology, P.O. Box 16300, 00076 Aalto, Finland. Electronic address: jani.salmi@aalto.fi.
authors.forename: Jani
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salmi
authors.affiliation: Aalto University School of Chemical Technology, Department of Forest Products Technology, P.O. Box 16300, 00076 Aalto, Finland. Electronic address: monika.osterberg@aalto.fi.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Osterberg
authors.affiliation: Aalto University School of Chemical Technology, Department of Forest Products Technology, P.O. Box 16300, 00076 Aalto, Finland. Electronic address: janne.laine@aalto.fi.
authors.forename: Janne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Laine
mesh_terms: D002482:Cellulose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry*; D048271:Chitosan / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D011134:Polysaccharides; C514968:carboxymethyl-chitosan; C531250:hydroxyethyl cellulose ethoxylate; D002482:Cellulose; D048271:Chitosan
keywords: Chitosan; Colloidal probe microscopy; Layer-by-Layer; Nanofibrillated cellulose; Polysaccharide