title: Global plant-responding mechanisms to salt stress: physiological and molecular levels and implications in biotechnology.
abstract: The increasing seriousness of salinization aggravates the food, population and environmental issues. Ameliorating the salt-resistance of plants especially the crops is the most effective measure to solve the worldwide problem. The salinity can cause damage to plants mainly from two aspects: hyperosmotic and hyperionic stresses leading to the restrain of growth and photosynthesis. To the adverse effects, the plants derive corresponding strategies including: ion regulation and compartmentalization, biosynthesis of compatible solutes, induction of antioxidant enzymes and plant hormones. With the development of molecular biology, our understanding of the molecular and physiology knowledge is becoming clearness. The complex signal transduction underlying the salt resistance is being illuminated brighter and clearer. The SOS pathway is the central of the cell signaling in salt stress. The accumulation of the compatible solutes and the activation of the antioxidant system are the effective measures for plants to enhance the salt resistance. How to make full use of our understanding to improve the output of crops is a huge challenge for us, yet the application of the genetic engineering makes this possible. In this review, we will discuss the influence of the salt stress and the response of the plants in detail expecting to provide a particular account for the plant resistance in molecular, physiological and transgenic fields.
authors.affiliation: a Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology & Bioresources Utilization , Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Yantai , China .|b University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China .
authors.forename: Xiaoli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: c Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University , Yangling , China .|d Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources , Yangling , China .
authors.forename: Xingmin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Mu
authors.affiliation: a Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology & Bioresources Utilization , Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Yantai , China .|c Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University , Yangling , China .|d Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources , Yangling , China .|e Institute for Life Sciences, Qingdao University of Science & Technology (QUST) , Qingdao , China , and.
authors.forename: Hongbo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.affiliation: a Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology & Bioresources Utilization , Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Yantai , China .|b University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China .
authors.forename: Hongyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: a Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology & Bioresources Utilization , Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Yantai , China .|f Department of Plant Physiology , Slovak Agricultural University , Nitra , Slovak Republic.
authors.forename: Marian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brestic
mesh_terms: D001709:Biotechnology; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D005818:Genetic Engineering; D010788:Photosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D020543:Proteome / Q000235:genetics*; D054712:Salinity; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D020543:Proteome
keywords: Antioxidant system; SOS pathway; eco-environment; genetic engineering; photosynthesis; salinization