title: Naringenin stimulates cholecystokinin secretion in STC-1 cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cholecystokinin (CCK), a hormone or neuropeptide, is secreted in response to intraluminal nutrients by enteroendocrine I-cells of the intestine and has important physiological actions related to appetite regulation and satiety. The stimulation on CCK secretion from the intestine is of potential relevance for body weight management. Naringenin (4',5,7-trihydroxyflavanone) and its glycoside naringin (naringenin 7-rhamnoglucoside) have been reported to have many biological functions. In the current study, we investigated the question of whether naringenin and naringin could stimulate CCK secretion and then examined the mechanisms involved in CCK release.
  
  
  METHODS
  STC-1 cells were used as a model of enteroendocrine cells. CCK release and changes in intracellular Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)]i) were measured after incubation of cells with naringenin and naringin for 1 h.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Naringenin caused significant (P < 0.05) stimulation of CCK secretion, but naringin did not. In addition, regarding the secretory mechanisms, naringenin-induced CCK secretion involved increases in [Ca(2+)]i, influx of extracellular Ca(2+), at least in part, and activation of TRP channels, including TRPA1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings of this study suggest that naringenin could have a role in appetite regulation and satiety.
authors.affiliation: Division of Metabolism and Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 62 Road-1201 Anyang-Pangyo-Ro, Bundang, Sungnam, Gyeonggi 463-746, Korea.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Division of Metabolism and Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 62 Road-1201 Anyang-Pangyo-Ro, Bundang, Sungnam, Gyeonggi 463-746, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyong
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Division of Metabolism and Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 62 Road-1201 Anyang-Pangyo-Ro, Bundang, Sungnam, Gyeonggi 463-746, Korea.
authors.forename: Yu Mi
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Division of Metabolism and Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 62 Road-1201 Anyang-Pangyo-Ro, Bundang, Sungnam, Gyeonggi 463-746, Korea.
authors.forename: Mee Ra
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Rhyu
authors.affiliation: Division of Metabolism and Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 62 Road-1201 Anyang-Pangyo-Ro, Bundang, Sungnam, Gyeonggi 463-746, Korea.
authors.forename: Hye Young
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Kim
keywords: Naringenin; TRPA1; appetite; cholecystokinin; enteroendocrine cells
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