title: Effects of acute alcohol tolerance on perceptions of danger and willingness to drive after drinking.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Drinking and driving is associated with elevated rates of motor vehicle accidents and fatalities. Previous research suggests that alcohol impairs judgments about the dangers of risky behaviors; however, how alcohol affects driving-related judgments is less clear. Impairments have also been shown to differ across limbs of the blood alcohol concentration (BAC) curve, which is known as acute tolerance.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objectives of this study were to examine whether perceptions about the dangerousness of driving after drinking and willingness to drive differed across the ascending and descending limbs of the BAC curve and to test whether reductions in perceived danger were associated with willingness to drive on the descending limb.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-six participants were randomly assigned to receive either a moderate dose of alcohol (peak BAC = 0.10 g%) or placebo. We assessed perceived dangerousness and willingness to drive at matched BACs (~0.067-0.068 g%) on the ascending and descending limbs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both perceived danger and willingness to drive showed acute tolerance in the alcohol group. Participants judged driving to be significantly less dangerous and were more willing to drive on the descending limb compared to the ascending limb. The magnitude of change in perceived danger significantly predicted willingness to drive on the descending limb.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Decreased impairment associated with acute tolerance may lead individuals to underestimate the dangerousness of driving after drinking and in turn make poor decisions regarding driving. This study further emphasizes the descending limb as a period of increased risk and offers support for enhancing prevention efforts by targeting drivers at declining BAC levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, 213 McAlester Hall, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
authors.forename: Michael T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Amlung
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: Denis M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: McCarthy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000097:blood* / Q000523:psychology*; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000523:psychology*; D003617:Dangerous Behavior; D000431:Ethanol / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011897:Random Allocation; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol
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