title: Non-coding RNAs as direct and indirect modulators of epigenetic regulation.
abstract: Epigenetic regulation of gene expression is an increasingly well-understood concept that explains much of the contribution of an organism's environment and experience to its biology. However, discussion persists as to which mechanisms can be classified as epigenetic. Ongoing research continues to uncover novel pathways, including the important role of non-protein coding RNA transcripts in epigenetic gene regulation. We know that the majority of human and other mammalian transcripts are not translated but that many of these are nonetheless functional. These non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) can be short (<200 nt) or long (<200 nt) and are further classified by genomic origin and mechanism of action. We discuss examples of ncRNAs that interact with histone modifying complexes or DNA methyltransferases to regulate gene expression, others that are targets of these epigenetic mechanisms, and propose a model in which such transcripts feed back into an epigenetic regulatory network.
authors.affiliation: Center for Therapeutic Innovation & Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; University of Miami; Miller School of Medicine; Miami, FL USA.
authors.forename: Veronica J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Peschansky
authors.affiliation: Center for Therapeutic Innovation & Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; University of Miami; Miller School of Medicine; Miami, FL USA.
authors.forename: Claes
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wahlestedt
mesh_terms: D019175:DNA Methylation / Q000235:genetics; D015254:DNA Modification Methylases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D020868:Gene Silencing; D006657:Histones / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D063146:Polycomb-Group Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D022661:RNA, Untranslated / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D006657:Histones; D063146:Polycomb-Group Proteins; D022661:RNA, Untranslated; D015254:DNA Modification Methylases
keywords: chromatin; epigenetics; gene expression; histone; lncRNA; microRNA; noncoding RNA; piRNA; polycomb
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