title: Antiplatelet activity of nifedipine is mediated by inhibition of NF-κB activation caused by enhancement of PPAR-β/-γ activity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The transcription factor NF-κB, stimulates platelet aggregation through a non-genomic mechanism. Nifedipine, a voltage-gated L-type calcium channel blocker, is widely used to treat hypertension. Nifedipine also displays antiplatelet activity, but the underlying mechanisms involved remain unclear. This study was designed to investigate whether the antiplatelet effects of nifedipine are mediated by regulating NF-κB-dependent responses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Platelet aggregation was measured turbidimetrically using an aggregometer. NF-κB and PPAR activation, intracellular Ca2+ mobilization, PKCα activity, surface glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GPIIb/IIIa) expression and platelet activation-related signalling pathways were determined in control and nifedipine-treated platelets in the presence or absence of PPAR antagonists or betulinic acid, a NF-κB activator.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exposure of platelets to nifedipine significantly increased the PPAR-β/-γ activity in activated human platelets. Treatment with nifedipine reduced collagen-induced NF-κB events, including the phosphorylation of IκB kinase-β, IκBα and p65NF-κB, which were markedly attenuated by GSK0660, a PPAR-β antagonist, or GW9662, a PPAR-γ antagonist. Furthermore, the interaction of PPAR-β/-γ with NF-κB and the PPAR-β/-γ-up-regulated NO/cGMP/PKG1 cascade may contribute to inhibition of NF-κB activation by nifedipine. Suppressing PPAR-β/-γ activity or increasing NF-κB activation greatly reversed the inhibitory effect of nifedipine on collagen-induced platelet aggregation, intracellular Ca2+ mobilization, PKCα activity and surface GPIIb/IIIa expression.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONSPPAR-β/-γ-dependent inhibition of NF-κB activation contributes to the antiplatelet activity of nifedipine. These findings provide a novel mechanism underlying the beneficial effects of nifedipine on platelet hyperactivity-related vascular and inflammatory diseases.
authors.forename: Ching-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Shih
authors.forename: I-Hsin
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: James-Cheng
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Fu-Chi
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Tz-Chong
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Chou
mesh_terms: D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000378:metabolism*; D048068:PPAR-beta / Q000378:metabolism*; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B; D047495:PPAR gamma; D048068:PPAR-beta; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D009543:Nifedipine
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