title: Surgical treatment of Lenke 1 thoracic adolescent idiopathic scoliosis with maintenance of kyphosis using the simultaneous double-rod rotation technique.
abstract: METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected, consecutive, nonrandomized series of patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the surgical outcomes of the simultaneous double-rod rotation technique for treating Lenke 1 thoracic adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  With the increasing popularity of segmental pedicle screw spinal reconstruction for treating AIS, concerns regarding the limited ability to correct hypokyphosis have also increased.
  
  
  METHODS
  A consecutive series of 32 patients with Lenke 1 main thoracic AIS treated with the simultaneous double-rod rotation technique at our institution was included. Outcome measures included patient demographics, radiographical measurements, and Scoliosis Research Society questionnaire scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 32 patients were followed up for a minimum of 2 years (average, 3.6 yr). The average main thoracic Cobb angle correction rate and the correction loss at the final follow-up were 67.8% and 3.3°, respectively. The average preoperative thoracic kyphosis (T5-T12) was 11.9°, which improved significantly to 20.5° (P < 0.0001) at the final follow-up. An increase in thoracic kyphosis was significantly correlated with an increase in lumbar lordosis at the final follow-up (r = 0.42). The average preoperative vertebral rotation angle was 19.7°, which improved significantly after surgery to 14.9° (P = 0.0001). There was no correlation between change in thoracic kyphosis and change in apical vertebral rotation (r =-0.123). The average preoperative total Scoliosis Research Society questionnaire score was 3.0, which significantly improved to 4.4 (P < 0.0001) at the final follow-up. Throughout surgery and even after, there were no instrumentation failures, pseudarthrosis, infection of the surgical site, or clinically relevant neurovascular complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The simultaneous double-rod rotation technique for treating Lenke 1 AIS provides significant sagittal correction of the main thoracic curve while maintaining sagittal profiles and correcting coronal and axial deformities.
  
  
  METHODS
  4.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan; and †Eniwa Hospital, Eniwa, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sudo
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Yuichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Kuniyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Abumi
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takahata
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagahama
authors.forename: Shigeto
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hiratsuka
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kuroki
authors.forename: Norimasa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Iwasaki
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007738:Kyphosis / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000601:surgery*; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000379:methods*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult