title: Reproductive neuroendocrine dysfunction in polycystic ovary syndrome: insight from animal models.
abstract: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrinopathy with elusive origins. A clinically heterogeneous disorder, PCOS is likely to have multiple etiologies comprised of both genetic and environmental factors. Reproductive neuroendocrine dysfunction involving increased frequency and amplitude of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release, as reflected by pulsatile luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion, is an important pathophysiologic component in PCOS. Whether this defect is primary or secondary to other changes in PCOS is unclear, but it contributes significantly to ongoing reproductive dysfunction. This review highlights recent work in animal models, with a particular emphasis on the mouse, demonstrating the ability of pre- and postnatal steroidal and metabolic factors to drive changes in GnRH/LH pulsatility and GnRH neuron function consistent with the observed abnormalities in PCOS. This work has begun to elucidate how a complex interplay of ovarian, metabolic, and neuroendocrine factors culminates in this syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
authors.forename: Alison V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Roland
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. Electronic address: smoenter@umich.edu.
authors.forename: Suzanne M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Moenter
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000378:metabolism*; D023421:Models, Animal; D009490:Neurosecretory Systems / Q000378:metabolism*; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D013739:Testosterone; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone
keywords: Androgens; Gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons; Polycystic ovary syndrome; Prenatal androgenization
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