title: Soluble ST2 and interleukin-33 levels in coronary artery disease: relation to disease activity and adverse outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  ST2 is a receptor for interleukin (IL)-33. We investigated an association of soluble ST2 (sST2) and IL-33 serum levels with different clinical stages of coronary artery disease. We assessed the predictive value of sST2 and IL-33 in patients with stable angina, non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).
  
  
  METHODS
  We included 373 patients of whom 178 had stable angina, 97 had NSTEMI, and 98 had STEMI. Patients were followed for a mean of 43 months. The control group consisted of 65 individuals without significant stenosis on coronary angiography. Serum levels of sST2 and IL-33 were measured by ELISAs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  sST2 levels were significantly increased in patients with STEMI as compared to patients with NSTEMI and stable angina as well as with controls. IL-33 levels did not differ between the four groups. During follow-up, 37 (10%) patients died and the combined endpoint (all cause death, MI and rehospitalisation for cardiac causes) occurred in 66 (17.6%) patients. sST2 serum levels significantly predicted mortality in the total cohort. When patients were stratified according to their clinical presentation, the highest quintile of sST2 significantly predicted mortality in patients with STEMI, but not with NSTEMI or stable coronary artery disease. sST2 was a significant predictor for the combined endpoint in STEMI patients and in patients with stable angina. Serum levels of IL-33 were not associated with clinical outcome in the total cohort, but the highest quintile of IL-33 predicted mortality in patients with STEMI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum levels of sST2 are increased in patients with acute coronary syndromes as compared to levels in patients with stable coronary artery disease and in individuals without coronary artery disease. sST2 and IL-33 were associated with mortality in patients with STEMI but not in patients with NSTEMI or stable angina.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Svitlana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Demyanets
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Walter S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Speidl
authors.affiliation: 3rd Medical Department for Cardiology and Emergency Medicine, Wilhelminenhospital, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tentzeris
authors.affiliation: 3rd Medical Department for Cardiology and Emergency Medicine, Wilhelminenhospital, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Rudolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jarai
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Katharina M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Katsaros
authors.affiliation: 3rd Medical Department for Cardiology and Emergency Medicine, Wilhelminenhospital, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Serdar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Farhan
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Konstantin A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Krychtiuk
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wonnerth
authors.affiliation: 3rd Medical Department for Cardiology and Emergency Medicine, Wilhelminenhospital, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Thomas W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.affiliation: 3rd Medical Department for Cardiology and Emergency Medicine, Wilhelminenhospital, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Core Facilities, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Johann
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wojta
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000072179:Interleukin-1 Receptor-Like 1 Protein; D000067596:Interleukin-33; D007378:Interleukins / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000097:blood*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012995:Solubility; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: C079241:IL1RL1 protein, human; C506536:IL33 protein, human; D000072179:Interleukin-1 Receptor-Like 1 Protein; D000067596:Interleukin-33; D007378:Interleukins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface
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