title: On-body calibration and processing for a combination of two radio-frequency personal exposimeters.
abstract: Two radio-frequency personal exposimeters (PEMs) worn on both hips are calibrated on a subject in an anechoic chamber. The PEMs' response and crosstalk are determined for realistically polarised incident electric fields using this calibration. The 50 % confidence interval of the PEMs' response is reduced (2.6 dB on average) when averaged over both PEMs. A significant crosstalk (up to a ratio of 1.2) is measured, indicating that PEM measurements can be obfuscated by crosstalk. Simultaneous measurements with two PEMs are carried out in Ghent, Belgium. The highest exposure is measured for Global System for Mobile Communication downlink (0.052 mW m(-2) on average), while the lowest exposure is found for Universal Mobile Telecommunications System uplink (0.061 μW m(-2) on average). The authors recommend the use of a combination of multiple PEMs and, considering the multivariate data, to provide the mean vector and the covariance matrix next to the commonly listed univariate summary statistics, in future PEM studies.
authors.affiliation: Wireless and Cable Group, Department of Information Technology, Ghent University/iMinds, Gaston Crommenlaan 8 Box 201, Ghent B-9050, Belgium arno.thielens@intec.ugent.be.
authors.forename: Arno
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thielens
authors.affiliation: Electromagnetics Group, Department of Information Technology, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41, Gent B-9000, Belgium.
authors.forename: Sam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Agneessens
authors.affiliation: Wireless and Cable Group, Department of Information Technology, Ghent University/iMinds, Gaston Crommenlaan 8 Box 201, Ghent B-9050, Belgium.
authors.forename: Leen
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Verloock
authors.affiliation: Wireless and Cable Group, Department of Information Technology, Ghent University/iMinds, Gaston Crommenlaan 8 Box 201, Ghent B-9050, Belgium.
authors.forename: Emmeric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tanghe
authors.affiliation: Electromagnetics Group, Department of Information Technology, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41, Gent B-9000, Belgium.
authors.forename: Hendrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rogier
authors.affiliation: Wireless and Cable Group, Department of Information Technology, Ghent University/iMinds, Gaston Crommenlaan 8 Box 201, Ghent B-9050, Belgium.
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Martens
authors.affiliation: Wireless and Cable Group, Department of Information Technology, Ghent University/iMinds, Gaston Crommenlaan 8 Box 201, Ghent B-9050, Belgium.
authors.forename: Wout
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Joseph
mesh_terms: D001530:Belgium; D002138:Calibration; D040421:Cell Phone; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields / Q000009:adverse effects; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D040362:Geographic Information Systems; D006801:Humans; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011834:Radiation Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011846:Radio Waves / Q000009:adverse effects*; D035501:Uncertainty