title: Effects of a simulated tennis match on lymphocyte subset measurements.
abstract: Tennis is an activity requiring both endurance and anaerobic components, which could have immunosuppressive effects postexercise.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of a simulated tennis match on apoptotic and migratory markers on lymphocyte subsets.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male high school (n = 5) and college (n = 3) tennis players (M(age) = 18.9 +/- 3.3 years) completed 10 sets of a tennis protocol including serves, forehand strokes, and backhand groundstrokes with 1-min rest periods between sets. Apoptosis antigen 1 receptor (CD95) and chemokine receptor fractalkine (CX3CR1) expression was analyzed on helper T lymphocytes (CD4+), cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CD8+), and B lymphocytes (CD19+) twice, at resting baseline and immediately after all 10 sets of the tennis protocol.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An increase was observed in each lymphocyte subtype (p < .02, effect size = .41), and comparison of absolute changes revealed increases in CD4+/CD95+, CD8+/CD95+, and CD8+/CX3CR1 lymphocytes following the tennis protocol (p < .01, effect size = .43), but not in CD19+ cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A simulated tennis match has adequate intensity to induce immune modulations in terms of increased cell death and cellular migration in T lymphocyte subsets. Lymphocytopenia following tennis play is influenced by both apoptotic and migratory mechanisms.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schafer
authors.forename: Holly
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kell
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Navalta
authors.forename: Ramires
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tibana
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lyons
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arnett
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D018941:Antigens, CD19; D016175:B-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000502:physiology*; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D000073883:CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1; D006801:Humans; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D008297:Male; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000502:physiology; D013715:Tennis / Q000502:physiology*; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D018941:Antigens, CD19; D000073883:CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1; C095235:CX3CR1 protein, human; C491901:FAS protein, human; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine; D019014:fas Receptor