title: Psoriasis beyond the skin: a review of the literature on cardiometabolic and psychological co-morbidities of psoriasis.
abstract: Psoriasis is increasingly associated with a range of co-morbid diseases and risk factors. Patients with co-morbidities are more likely to need hospitalisation for non-dermatological conditions, and incur greater total costs than those without co-morbidities. A literature review was conducted on two of the most common co-morbidities of psoriasis (cardiovascular (CV) and psychological co-morbidities), to establish their incidence and impact and to raise awareness of unanswered questions and highlight knowledge gaps. A large number of small controlled or cross-sectional studies report increased prevalence of cardiometabolic and psychological co-morbidities in psoriasis patients. A number of large cohort studies documented the incidence of various cardiometabolic co-morbidities. Severe psoriasis is associated with increased mortality, and the most common cause of death is CV disease. Studies on the management of co-morbidities and their impact on psoriasis treatment are scarce. Many questions on the co-morbidities of psoriasis remain to be answered.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Lluis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Puig
authors.affiliation: St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kirby
authors.affiliation: Lotus Mallbris, Pfizer Global Medical Dermatology Lead, Philadelphia, USA.
authors.forename: Lotus
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mallbris
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Federal Academic Teaching Hospital, Feldkirch, Austria.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Strohal
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D011565:Psoriasis / Q000150:complications*
keywords: cardiovascular; co-morbidities; psoriasis; psychological