title: Emerging PSA-based tests to improve screening.
abstract: This article updates advances in prostate cancer screening based on prostate-specific antigen, its derivatives, and human kallikrein markers. Many men are diagnosed with indolent disease not requiring treatment. Although there is evidence of a survival benefit from screening, the numbers needed to screen and treat remain high. There is risk of exposing men to the side effects of treatment for nonthreatening disease. A screening test is needed with sufficiently good performance characteristics to detect disease at an early stage so treatment may be offered with curative intent, while reducing the number of negative or unnecessary biopsies.
authors.affiliation: Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headley Way, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Bryant
authors.affiliation: Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headley Way, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue (Mailbox 213), New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Surgery (Urology), Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue (Mailbox 213), New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Medicine (GU-Oncology), Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue (Mailbox 213), New York, NY 10065, USA. Electronic address: liljah@mskcc.org.
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lilja
mesh_terms: D003951:Diagnostic Errors / Q000517:prevention & control; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods*; D015233:Models, Statistical; D011379:Prognosis; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen
keywords: Detection; Kallikreins; PSA; Prostate cancer; Screening
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