title: Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of N-acetyl cysteine in carbamazepine-administered rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study evaluates the hepatoprotective activity of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) against carbamazepine (CBZ)-induced hepatotoxicity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were treated with CBZ (50 mg/kg p.o.) and CBZ supplemented with NAC 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg for 45 days, after which blood samples were collected and subjected to liver function tests. Animals were killed, liver was separated, weighed and the levels of antioxidants and liver enzymes were estimated. In addition, histopathological investigation was also performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamate oxaloacetate (SGOT) transaminase, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bilirubin, lipid peroxidation, absolute and relative liver weights were significantly (P < 0.05) elevated, whereas serum levels of albumin, total protein and body weight were decreased in the CBZ-treated animals. CBZ also produced vacuolar degeneration, centrilobular congestion and hepatic necrosis as evidenced from histopathological report. NAC significantly reduced the levels of serum transaminase, ALP, bilirubin and liver weight and increased the levels of total protein, albumin and body weight.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It was observed that NAC increased the glutathione (GSH) content, reduced lipid peroxidation and reversed the CBZ-induced histopathological abnormalities. CBZ-induced hepatotoxicity may be due its toxic epoxide metabolite-induced oxidative stress.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, M.S. Ramaiah College of Pharmacy, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Eswaran
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Maheswari
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, M.S. Ramaiah College of Pharmacy, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Ganesan Raja Lekshmi
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Saraswathy
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Sri Padmavathi Mahila Visvavidyalayam (Women's University), Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Thakur
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Santhranii
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000633:toxicity*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002220:Carbamazepine / Q000633:toxicity*; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D000975:Antioxidants; D002220:Carbamazepine; D000111:Acetylcysteine
keywords: Carbamazepine; N-acetyl cysteine; hepatotoxicity; oxidative stress
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