title: Peri- and postanalgesic properties of lidokain, lornoxicam, and nitroglycerine combination at intravenous regional anesthesia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study was conducted to compare and evaluate the effect of adding lornoxicam or nitroglycerine as adjuncts to lidocaine in intravenous regional anesthesia (IVRA).
  
  
  METHODS
  60 patients were randomly separated into three groups, lidocaine group (group L), lidocaine+lornoxicam group (group LL), and lidocaine+lornoxicam+transdermal nitroglycerine group (group LL-N). Hemodynamic parameters, sensory and motor blocks onset, and recovery times were recorded. Analgesic consumption for tourniquet pain and postoperative period were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sensory block onset times and motor block onset times were shorter in the LL-N and LL groups compared with L group. Sensory block recovery time and motor block recovery time were prolonged in the LL and LL-N groups compared with group L. The amount of fentanyl required for tourniquet pain was less in group LL and group LL-N when compared with group L. VAS scores of tourniquet pain were higher in group L compared with the other study groups. Postoperative VAS scores were higher for the first 4 hours in group L compared with the other study groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The adjuvant drugs (lornoxicam or TNG) when added to lidocaine in IVRA were effective in improving the overall quality of anesthesia, reducing tourniquet pain, increasing tourniquet tolerance, and improving the postoperative analgesia.
authors.affiliation: Anesthesiology and Reanimation Department, Baskent University School of Medicine, Baskent University, Alanya Hospital, Saray Mah, Kızlarpınarı Caddesi No. 1, 07400 Alanya, Antalya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Biricik Melis
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Cakmak
authors.affiliation: Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Baskent University School of Medicine, Baskent University, Alanya Hospital, Saray Mah, Kızlarpınarı Caddesi No. 1, 07400 Alanya, Antalya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gokhan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cakmak
authors.affiliation: Anesthesiology and Reanimation Department, Baskent University School of Medicine, Baskent University, Ankara Hospital, Fevzi Çakmak Caddesi No. 10 Sokak No. 45, Bahçelievler, 06490 Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Elif
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Akpek
authors.affiliation: Anesthesiology and Reanimation Department, Baskent University School of Medicine, Baskent University, Ankara Hospital, Fevzi Çakmak Caddesi No. 10 Sokak No. 45, Bahçelievler, 06490 Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gulnaz
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Arslan
authors.affiliation: Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Baskent University School of Medicine, Baskent University, Alanya Hospital, Saray Mah, Kızlarpınarı Caddesi No. 1, 07400 Alanya, Antalya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet Sukru
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Sahin
mesh_terms: D061605:Administration, Intravenous; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000700:Analgesics; D000765:Anesthesia, Conduction / Q000379:methods*; D000771:Anesthesia, Intravenous / Q000379:methods*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D005996:Nitroglycerin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy; D010894:Piroxicam / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D011184:Postoperative Period; D013997:Time Factors; D014111:Tourniquets; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D004338:Drug Combinations; D010894:Piroxicam; D008012:Lidocaine; C059451:lornoxicam; D005996:Nitroglycerin
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