title: Emissions from South Asian brick production.
abstract: Thirteen South Asian brick kilns were tested to quantify aerosol and gaseous pollutant emissions. Particulate matter (PM2.5), carbon monoxide (CO), and optical scattering and absorption measurements in the exhaust of six kiln technologies demonstrate differences in overall emission profiles and relative climate warming resulting from kiln design and fuel choice. Emission factors differed between kiln types, in some cases by an order of magnitude. The kilns currently dominating the sector had the highest emission factors of PM2.5 and light absorbing carbon, while improved Vertical Shaft and Tunnel kilns were lower emitters. An improved version of the most common technology in the region, the zig-zag kiln, was among the lowest emitting kilns in PM2.5, CO, and light absorbing carbon. Emission factors measured here are lower than those currently used in emission inventories as inputs to global climate models; 85% lower (PM2.5) and 35% lower for elemental carbon (EC) for the most common kiln in the region, yet the ratio of EC to total carbon was higher than previously estimated (0.96 compared to 0.47). Total annual estimated emissions from the brick industry are 120 Tg CO2, 2.5 Tg CO, 0.19 Tg PM2.5, and 0.12 Tg EC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.
authors.forename: Cheryl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Weyant
authors.forename: Vasudev
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Athalye
authors.forename: Santhosh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ragavan
authors.forename: Uma
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Rajarathnam
authors.forename: Dheeraj
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lalchandani
authors.forename: Sameer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maithel
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Baum
authors.forename: Tami C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Bond
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols / Q000032:analysis; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000032:analysis; D003252:Construction Materials / Q000032:analysis*; D004787:Environmental Pollution / Q000032:analysis*; D007194:India; D007221:Industry; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis*; D014744:Vietnam
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter; D002248:Carbon Monoxide