title: Nickel-resistance determinants in Acidiphilium sp. PM identified by genome-wide functional screening.
abstract: Acidiphilium spp. are conspicuous dwellers of acidic, metal-rich environments. Indeed, they are among the most metal-resistant organisms; yet little is known about the mechanisms behind the metal tolerance in this genus. Acidiphilium sp. PM is an environmental isolate from Rio Tinto, an acidic, metal-laden river located in southwestern Spain. The characterization of its metal resistance revealed a remarkable ability to tolerate high Ni concentrations. Here we report the screening of a genomic library of Acidiphilium sp. PM to identify genes involved in Ni resistance. This approach revealed seven different genes conferring Ni resistance to E. coli, two of which form an operon encoding the ATP-dependent protease HslVU (ClpQY). This protease was found to enhance resistance to both Ni and Co in E. coli, a function not previously reported. Other Ni-resistance determinants include genes involved in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis and the synthesis of branched amino acids. The diversity of molecular functions of the genes recovered in the screening suggests that Ni resistance in Acidiphilium sp. PM probably relies on different molecular mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial, Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Patxi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: San Martin-Uriz
authors.affiliation: Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial, Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Salvador
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mirete
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Pedro J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Alcolea
authors.affiliation: Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial, Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Manuel J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Gomez
authors.affiliation: Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial, Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (UAM-CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Amils
authors.affiliation: Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial, Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Jose E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Pastor
mesh_terms: D049069:ATP-Dependent Proteases / Q000235:genetics; D041801:Acidiphilium / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D022761:Gene Transfer, Horizontal; D016680:Genome, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D015698:Genomic Library; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000096:biosynthesis; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009532:Nickel / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016366:Open Reading Frames / Q000235:genetics; D009876:Operon; D010802:Phylogeny; D045483:Rivers / Q000382:microbiology; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013030:Spain
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D009532:Nickel; D049069:ATP-Dependent Proteases
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