title: Transforming growth factor-beta 1 pathways in inflammatory airway diseases.
abstract: Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) has been reported being involved in the remodeling and immunosuppression processes of inflammatory airway diseases; understanding the regulation of TGF-β1 is therefore a key to unravel the pathomechanisms of these diseases. This review briefly summarizes the current knowledge on the influencing factors for driving TGF-β1 and its regulatory pathways in inflammatory airway diseases and discusses possible therapeutic approaches to TGF-β1 control. The factors include smoking and oxidative stress, prostaglandins (PGs), leukotrienes (LTs), bradykinin (BK), and microRNAs (miRs). Based on the summary, new innovative treatment strategies may be developed for inflammatory airway diseases with an impaired expression of TGF-β1.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lan
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Van Crombruggen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bachert
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D016718:Arachidonic Acid
keywords: airway diseases; influencing factors; oxidative stress; smoking; transforming growth factor-beta