title: 24/7/365 in-house radiologist coverage: effect on resident education.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare programs with and without 24-hour/7 days a week/365 days a year (24/7/365) in-house radiologist coverage regarding resident perceptions of their on-call experience, volume of resident dictations on call, and report turnaround time.
  
  
  METHODS
  Residents from six academic radiology departments were invited to participate in an 11-item online survey. Survey items were related to workload, level of autonomy, faculty feedback, comfort level, faculty supervision, and overall educational experience while on call from 8 pm to 8 am. Each site provided data on imaging volume, radiologist coverage, volume of examinations dictated by residents, number of residents on call, and report turnaround time from 8 pm to 8 am. F-ratios and eta-squares were calculated to determine the relationships between dependent and independent variables. A P value < .05 was considered statistically significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 146 (67%) of 217 residents responded. Residents in programs with 24/7/365 in-house radiologist coverage dictated a lower percentage of examinations (46%) compared with other residents (81%) and rated faculty feedback more positively (mean 3.8 vs. 3.3) but rated their level of autonomy (mean 3.6 vs. 4.5) and educational experience (mean 3.6 vs. 4.2) more negatively (all P < .05). Report turnaround time was lower in programs with 24/7/365 coverage than those without (mean 1.7 hours vs. 9.1 hours). The majority of resident comments were negative and related to loss of autonomy with 24/7/365 coverage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  More rapid report turnaround time related to 24/7/365 coverage may come at the expense of resident education.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 234 Goodman Street, P.O. Box 670761, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0761. Electronic address: Jannette.collins@uchealth.com.
authors.forename: Jannette
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Education, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI.
authors.forename: Larry D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Gruppen
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI.
authors.forename: Janet E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Yale University College of Medicine, New Haven, CT.
authors.forename: Syed Ahmad Jamal
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Bokhari
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Washington College of Medicine, Seattle, WA.
authors.forename: Angelisa M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Paladin
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Robbins
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH.
authors.forename: Richard D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: White
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D039602:After-Hours Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002983:Clinical Competence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004521:Educational Measurement / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D011871:Radiology / Q000193:education*; D014481:United States; D000078329:Workforce; D016526:Workload; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: All-night radiologist coverage; radiology resident education on call