title: DDIT3 overexpression increases odontoblastic potential of human dental pulp cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) with multi-potential differentiational capacity can undergo odontoblastic differentiation when stimulated with proinflammatory cytokines. However, factors linking proinflammatory stimuli and their odontoblastic differentiation have, as yet, not been completely understood. As an apoptotic transcription factor, DDIT3 plays a crucial role in the inflammatory reaction and in osteogenic differentiation. Thus, we hypothesized that DDIT3 may participate in odontoblastic differentiation of HDPCs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunofluorescent staining was used to detect expression of DDIT3 in HDPCs and effects of TNFα, on its nuclear accumulation. HDPCs that overexpressed DDIT3 were developed and their proliferation and odontoblastic differentiation abilities were examined. qRT-PCR was employed to detect mineralization-related genes, including ALP, runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx2), osterix (OSX), dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein 1 (DMP1) and osteocalcin (OCN). Western blot analysis was performed to detect expression of DSPP protein.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DDIT3 was expressed in HDPCs. TNFα treatment enhanced mRNA expression as well as nuclear accumulation of DDIT3 (slightly). DDIT3 overexpression reduced HDPC proliferation, however, it increased their calcium nodule formation and expression of OSX, DSPP, DMP1 and OCN.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DDIT3 may be a factor that links proinflammatory stimuli and differentiation of HDPCs.
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000166:cytology*; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D009804:Odontoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000076182:Sp7 Transcription Factor; D051742:Transcription Factor CHOP / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology; D000099311:Dentin Sialophosphoprotein
chemical_list: D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D015675:Osteocalcin; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins; D000076182:Sp7 Transcription Factor; D051742:Transcription Factor CHOP; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000099311:Dentin Sialophosphoprotein; C513309:DMP1 protein, human; C478163:SP7 protein, human
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