title: Mechanism of testicular protection of carvedilol in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Male sub-fertility and infertility are major complications of diabetes mellitus. The non-selective β-blocker carvedilol has been reported to have favorable effects on some of the diabetic complications based on its antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects. This study aims to evaluate the possible testicular protective effect of carvedilol in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat model and its possible mechanisms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Diabetes was induced by a single i.p. dose of 65 mg/kg of STZ. In parallel groups of diabetic rats, carvedilol in low and high doses (1 and 10 mg/kg/day orally) were administered for 4 weeks. Oxidative stress markers as reduced glutathione (GSH) and the product of lipid peroxidation; malondialdehyde (MDA) were evaluated in testicular homogenate. The level of expression of the apoptotic marker; caspase 3, was assessed using western blot, followed by densitometric analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Induction of diabetes caused distortion of histological normal testicular structure, with decrease (P < 0.05) in GSH and increase (P < 0.05) in MDA, as well as induction of caspase 3 expression. Carvedilol in low or high doses reverted diabetes-induced histological damage, restored antioxidant activity and ameliorated caspase 3 expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Carvedilol confers testicular protection against diabetes-induced damage through antioxidant and anti-apoptotic mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Department Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt.
authors.forename: Maggie M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Ramzy
authors.affiliation: Department Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt.
authors.forename: Azza A K
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: El-Sheikh
authors.affiliation: Department Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt.
authors.forename: Maha Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Kamel
authors.affiliation: Department Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt.
authors.forename: Soha A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Abdelwahab
authors.affiliation: Department Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mohamed A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Morsy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002227:Carbazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077261:Carvedilol; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D011412:Propanolamines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013311:Streptozocin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013737:Testis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002227:Carbazoles; D011412:Propanolamines; D000077261:Carvedilol; D013311:Streptozocin; D053148:Caspase 3
keywords: Apoptosis; carvedilol; diabetes; oxidative stress; testes
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