title: The association between social cognition and executive functioning and symptoms of anxiety and depression in adolescents with autism spectrum disorders.
abstract: While high levels of anxiety and depression are now recognized as major co-occurring problems in children and young people with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD), research examining possible associations with individual differences in neurocognitive functioning has been limited. This study included 90 adolescents with an ASD aged 14-16 years with a full-scale IQ > 50. Using structural equation modeling, we examined the independent relationships between multiple measures of executive functioning and social cognition on severity of anxiety or depressive symptoms. Results indicated a significant association between poorer executive functioning and higher levels of anxiety, but not depression. In contrast, social cognition ability was not associated with either anxiety or depression. This study is the first to report significant associations between executive functions and anxiety in ASD. This may suggest that poor executive functioning is one factor associated with the high prevalence of anxiety disorder in children and adolescents with ASD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Hollocks
authors.forename: Catherine R G
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pickles
authors.forename: Gillian
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Baird
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Happé
authors.forename: Tony
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Charman
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Simonoff
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology*; D002659:Child Development Disorders, Pervasive / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003469:Culture; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology*; D056348:Emotional Intelligence; D004644:Emotions; D056344:Executive Function; D005149:Facial Expression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D033182:Intention; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D056345:Theory of Mind
keywords: ASD; anxiety; depression; executive functions; neuropsychology; social cognition