title: Extralevator abdomino-perineal excision (ELAPE) or abdomino-sacral amputation of the rectum (ASAR): revitalized approach for low rectal carcinoma described by Tadeusz Koszarowski in the 50s.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, Medical University of Lublin, Poland. Electronic address: wojciech.polkowski@umlub.pl.
authors.forename: W P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Polkowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiotherapy, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Centre and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland. Electronic address: bujko@coi.waw.pl.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bujko
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Centre and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland. Electronic address: az.rutkowski@onet.eu.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rutkowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, Low-Silesian Cancer Centre, Wroclaw, Poland. Electronic address: bebmar@dco.com.pl.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bębenek
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001005:Anus Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D013505:Digestive System Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000517:prevention & control*; D059351:Organ Sparing Treatments / Q000379:methods*; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*