title: Rotavirus vaccines: current status and future considerations.
abstract: Rotavirus is the leading cause of severe diarrhea among children<5 years worldwide. Currently licensed rotavirus vaccines have been efficacious and effective, with many countries reporting substantial declines in diarrheal and rotavirus-specific morbidity and mortality. However, the full public health impact of these vaccines has not been realized. Most countries, including those with the highest disease burden, have not yet introduced rotavirus vaccines into their national immunization programs. Research activities that may help inform vaccine introduction decisions include (1) establishing effectiveness, impact, and safety for rotavirus vaccines in low-income settings; (2) identifying potential strategies to improve performance of oral rotavirus vaccines in developing countries, such as zinc supplementation; and (3) pursuing alternate approaches to oral vaccines, such as parenteral immunization. Policy- and program-level barriers, such as financial implications of new vaccine introductions, should be addressed to ensure that countries are able to make informed decisions regarding rotavirus vaccine introduction.
authors.affiliation: Division of Viral Diseases; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Atlanta, GA USA; Global Immunization Division; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Atlanta, GA USA.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yen
authors.affiliation: Division of Viral Diseases; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Atlanta, GA USA.
authors.forename: Jacqueline E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Tate
authors.affiliation: Global Immunization Division; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Atlanta, GA USA.
authors.forename: Terri B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Hyde
authors.affiliation: Division of Viral Diseases; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Atlanta, GA USA.
authors.forename: Margaret M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Cortese
authors.affiliation: Division of Viral Diseases; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Atlanta, GA USA.
authors.forename: Benjamin A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Lopman
authors.affiliation: Division of Viral Diseases; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Atlanta, GA USA.
authors.forename: Baoming
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Fogarty International Center; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD USA.
authors.forename: Roger I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Glass
authors.affiliation: Division of Viral Diseases; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Atlanta, GA USA.
authors.forename: Umesh D
authors.initials: UD
authors.lastname: Parashar
mesh_terms: D003967:Diarrhea / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D055808:Drug Discovery / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D012400:Rotavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D022243:Rotavirus Vaccines / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D022243:Rotavirus Vaccines
keywords: diarrhea; gastroenteritis; rotavirus; rotavirus vaccines; vaccine impact
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