title: Combining cattle and wound-derived synthetic attractants, POC and Bezzilure B, for sampling Chrysomya bezziana in Indonesia.
abstract: The myiasis fly Chrysomya bezziana Villeneuve (Diptera: Calliphoridae) is an obligate parasite of body orifices and unnatural openings or wounds of vertebrates. It is a major pest of livestock and responsible for economic losses throughout the Old World. Two chemical lures were tested in the present study to assess their effectiveness at trapping Ch. bezziana. Bezzilure B contains a synthetic lure of 2-mercaptoethanol originally identified from cattle wound volatiles. POC is a synthetic lure comprising 4-methyl phenol, 3-propyl phenol and racemic 1-octen-3-ol, originally identified from volatiles of ox odour and now used to control tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossina). Bezzilure B and POC lures were tested alone, and in combination, in a laboratory free flight room bioassay and in a field trial. Sticky traps were used to capture males and females of Ch. bezziana and to determine the efficacy of the lures. In the laboratory, Bezzilure B caught significantly more male and female flies than Bezzilure B+POC (p<0.001). Similarly, in the field, treatment significantly affected the total number of Ch. bezziana caught (p<0.001) but, contrastingly, Bezzilure B+POC caught significantly more flies than Bezzilure B (p<0.05). The differing results between the laboratory and field may simply reflect the different assays and could suggest different roles of semiochemicals at different operational distances. Although ineffective on its own, POC has a synergistic effect with Bezzilure B to increase fly catches in the field: by proportion, Bezzilure B+POC was 2.17 times as efficient as Bezzilure B for Ch. bezziana, and 1.16-2.68 times as efficient for other flies depending on the species collected.
authors.affiliation: Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK.
authors.forename: E C J
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Sulston
authors.affiliation: Parasitology Department, Indonesian Research Centre for Veterinary Science (Balai Besar Penelitian Veteriner), Bogor, Indonesia.
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Wardhana
authors.affiliation: Life Sciences Department, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK.
authors.forename: M J R
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.affiliation: Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK.
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Logan
authors.affiliation: School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Gezan
authors.affiliation: Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK. Electronic address: Mary.Cameron@lshtm.ac.uk.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Cameron
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004175:Diptera / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D010675:Pheromones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D010675:Pheromones; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds; C010411:insect attractants
keywords: Attractant; Bezzilure; Chrysomya bezziana; Indonesia; Old World screwworm fly; POC