title: Changes in the spinopelvic parameters of elite weight lifters.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the changes in the spinopelvic parameters in weight lifters and evaluate the factors leading to spinal anatomical changes (eg, spondylolysis and listhesis).
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary, institutional.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study group participants were practicing weight lifters in the athletes' village of the 2012 London Olympics. A total of 21 elite weight lifters were enrolled. Their data were compared with those of 45 healthy volunteers in the control group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Comparative radiological evaluations were performed among the 21 elite weight lifters. Spinopelvic parameters (radiographic analysis), including total (TLL), upper (ULL), and lower (LLL) lumbar lordoses, sacral slope, pelvic tilt (PT) and incidence, lumbar index, and disc angles, were assessed.
  
  
  METHODS
  The proportional ratio of ULL and LLL to TLL (ULL/TLL and LLL/TLL) was measured to describe the proportion effect. These values were compared with those of the control group. Weight lifters with and those without anatomical changes were subdivided into a deformed and nondeformed group, respectively, and further analyzed for differences. The correlation between these spinal parameters and the amount and duration of weight lifting training was also analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Anatomical changes in the lumbar spine were seen in 6 weight lifters (28.6%, P = 0.01). The mean TLL, ULL, and LLL values (59.8, 22.6, and 37.2 degrees, respectively) were increased, whereas PT (10.3 degrees) was decreased in the athletes compared with the volunteers (P = 0.001, 0.005, 0.07, and 0.018, respectively). The ULL/TLL was higher in the deformed group than in the nondeformed group (P = 0.036). The duration and amount of weight lifting training were not correlated with the spinopelvic parameters measured in this study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The elite weight lifters had increased lumbar lordosis and decreased PT compared with the healthy volunteers. The ULL/TLL ratio may be used as a predictive marker for lumbar deformation.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; †Department of Orthopedics, Scoliosis Research Institute, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; and ‡Department of Orthopedics, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea. There are two authors with the same name (Jae Hyuk Yang) but these are separate individuals at different institutions.
authors.forename: Jae Hyuk
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Rathinavelu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Barani
authors.forename: Amit Wasudeo
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Bhandarkar
authors.forename: Seung Woo
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Suh
authors.forename: Jae Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Hitesh N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Modi
authors.forename: Jae Hyuk
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D056352:Athletes; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008141:Lordosis / Q000209:etiology*; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D010384:Pelvic Bones / Q000502:physiology*; D014891:Weight Lifting / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult