title: Percutaneous Fine-Needle 5% Ethanol-Cisplatin Intratumoral Injection Combined with Second-Line Chemotherapy Improves On the Standard of Care in Patients with Platinum-Pretreated Stage IV Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Efficacy of second-line chemotherapy in platinum-pretreated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is poor. This study investigated efficacy of computed tomography-guided percutaneous fine-needle 5% ethanol-cisplatin intratumoral injection (CT-PFNECII) combined with second-line chemotherapy in patients with platinum-pretreated stage IV NSCLC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between October 2011 and July 2013, 34 eligible patients were randomly assigned to receive either CT-PFNECII combined with second-line chemotherapy (combination group, n = 17) or second-line chemotherapy alone (chemotherapy group, n = 17). The primary end points were the proportions of patients who achieved an overall response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR). Secondary end points were median survival and progression-free survival (PFS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ORR and DCR in the combination group were significantly higher than in the chemotherapy group (23.53% vs 11.76% for ORR, P < .01; and 58.82% vs 35.29% for DCR, P < .01). Compared with patients in the chemotherapy group, patients in the combination group had significantly longer PFS (5.4 months vs 3.0 months, P < .01) and median survival (9.5 months vs 5.3 months, P < .01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CT-PFNECII combined with second-line chemotherapy provided a higher response rate and improved survival than second-line chemotherapy for patients with platinum-pretreated stage IV NSCLC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, No. 309 People's Liberation Army Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: qi_niu@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, No. 309 People's Liberation Army Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Beijing Language and Culture University Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, No. 309 People's Liberation Army Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, CS Mott Center for Human Health and Development, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Douglas M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Ruden
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, No. 309 People's Liberation Army Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Baoming
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: He
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