title: SNARE VTI13 plays a unique role in endosomal trafficking pathways associated with the vacuole and is essential for cell wall organization and root hair growth in arabidopsis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Root hairs are responsible for water and nutrient uptake from the soil and their growth is responsive to biotic and abiotic changes in their environment. Root hair expansion is a polarized process requiring secretory and endosomal pathways that deliver and recycle plasma membrane and cell wall material to the growing root hair tip. In this paper, the role of VTI13 (AT3G29100), a member of the VTI vesicular soluble NSF attachment receptor (SNARE) gene family in Arabidopsis thaliana, in root hair growth is described.
  
  
  METHODS
  Genetic analysis and complementation of the vti13 root hair phenotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana were first used to assess the role of VTI13 in root hair growth. Transgenic lines expressing a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-VTI13 construct were used to characterize the intracellular localization of VTI13 in root hairs using confocal microscopy and immunotransmission electron microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  VTI13 was characterized and genetic analysis used to show that its function is required for root hair growth. Expression of a GFP-VTI13 fusion in the vti13 mutant background was shown to complement the vti13 root hair phenotype. GFP-VTI13 localized to both the vacuole membrane and a mobile endosomal compartment. The function of VTI13 was also required for the localization of SYP41 to the trans-Golgi network. Immunohistochemical analysis indicated that cell wall organization is altered in vti13 root hairs and root epidermal cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results show that VTI13 plays a unique role in endosomal trafficking pathways associated with the vacuole within root hairs and is essential for the maintenance of cell wall organization and root hair growth in arabidopsis.
authors.affiliation: Cellular, Molecular and Biomedical Science Program Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
authors.forename: Emily R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Larson
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, USA.
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Domozych
authors.affiliation: Cellular, Molecular and Biomedical Science Program Department of Plant Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA mary.tierney@uvm.edu.
authors.forename: Mary L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Tierney
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001692:Biological Transport; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011992:Endosomes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D057146:Multivesicular Bodies / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010641:Phenotype; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D050600:SNARE Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014617:Vacuoles / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D021601:trans-Golgi Network / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D050600:SNARE Proteins; C000598693:VTI13 protein, Arabidopsis; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins
keywords: Arabidopsis thaliana; SNARE proteins; early endosomes; endosomal trafficking pathway; membrane transport; plant cell wall; root hairs; tip growth; trans-Golgi; vacuole; vesicle trafficking
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