title: Genetic variants in the genes of the stress hormone signalling pathway and depressive symptoms during and after pregnancy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes of the stress hormone signaling pathway, specifically FKBP5, NR3C1, and CRHR1, are associated with depressive symptoms during and after pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Franconian Maternal Health Evaluation Study (FRAMES) recruited healthy pregnant women prospectively for the assessment of maternal and fetal health including the assessment of depressiveness. The German version of the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was completed at three time points in this prospective cohort study. Visit 1 was at study entry in the third trimester of the pregnancy, visit 2 was shortly after birth, and visit 3 was 6-8 months after birth. Germline DNA was collected from 361 pregnant women. Nine SNPs in the above mentioned genes were genotyped. After construction of haplotypes for each gene, a multifactorial linear mixed model was performed to analyse the depression values over time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  EPDS values were within expected ranges and comparable to previously published studies. Neither did the depression scores differ for comparisons among haplotypes at fixed time points nor did the change over time differ among haplotypes for the examined genes. No haplotype showed significant associations with depressive symptoms severity during pregnancy or the postpartum period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The analysed candidate haplotypes in FKBP5, NR3C1, and CRHR1 did not show an association with depression scores as assessed by EPDS in this cohort of healthy unselected pregnant women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Engel
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Peter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Fasching
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Lothar
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Häberle
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Elisabeth B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Binder
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Franziska
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Voigt
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grimm
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Faschingbauer
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eichler
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Dammer
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rebhan
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amann
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Raabe
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Tamme W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Goecke
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Carina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Quast
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Matthias W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Beckmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kornhuber
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Seifert
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Burghaus
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003863:Depression / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D018019:Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000235:genetics*; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid / Q000235:genetics*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics; D022021:Tacrolimus Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D000099052:CRF Receptor, Type 1; D000099159:Tacrolimus Binding Protein 5
chemical_list: D018019:Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid; D022021:Tacrolimus Binding Proteins; D000099052:CRF Receptor, Type 1; D000099159:Tacrolimus Binding Protein 5; C497713:NR3C1 protein, human
references.citation: Biol Psychiatry. 2010 Sep 15;68(6):578-85
references.pmid: 20673876
references.citation: Nat Rev Neurosci. 2005 Jun;6(6):463-75
references.pmid: 15891777
references.citation: Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd. 2012 Jan;72(1):56-63
references.pmid: 25253905
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1996 Feb;53(2):129-36
references.pmid: 8629888
references.citation: Hum Reprod. 2011 Oct;26(10):2902-11
references.pmid: 21803757
references.citation: Neuron. 2011 Apr 28;70(2):252-65
references.pmid: 21521612
references.citation: Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2011 Aug;11(4):326-31
references.pmid: 21531172
references.citation: Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2009 Sep;52(3):456-68
references.pmid: 19661761
references.citation: Genes Brain Behav. 2014 Jan;13(1):25-37
references.pmid: 24219237
references.citation: J Endocrinol. 1999 Jan;160(1):1-12
references.pmid: 9854171
references.citation: Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd. 2012 May;72(5):397-402
references.pmid: 25298543
references.citation: Mol Psychiatry. 2011 Feb;16(2):193-201
references.pmid: 20125088
references.citation: Am J Hum Genet. 2002 Feb;70(2):425-34
references.pmid: 11791212
references.citation: Br J Psychiatry. 1989 Jun;154:813-7
references.pmid: 2597888
references.citation: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1996 May;81(5):1912-7
references.pmid: 8626857
references.citation: Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2012 Dec;286(6):1407-12
references.pmid: 22847745
references.citation: Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2014 Apr;289(4):755-63
references.pmid: 24121691
references.citation: J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2007 Mar;20(3):189-209
references.pmid: 17437220
references.citation: Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1994 Nov;171(5):1287-91
references.pmid: 7977536
references.citation: Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2007 Jan-Feb;29(1):1-7
references.pmid: 17189737
references.citation: BJOG. 2008 Jul;115(8):1043-51
references.pmid: 18651886
references.citation: Arch Womens Ment Health. 2009 Aug;12(4):239-49
references.pmid: 19415454
references.citation: Mol Psychiatry. 2010 Jun;15(6):589-601
references.pmid: 19107115
references.citation: Neuropsychopharmacology. 2012 Oct;37(11):2541-9
references.pmid: 22781842
references.citation: Dev Psychobiol. 2011 Mar;53(2):175-83
references.pmid: 21298632
references.citation: Biol Psychiatry. 2013 Nov 1;74(9):647-55
references.pmid: 23611262
references.citation: Mol Psychiatry. 2010 Jun;15(6):574-88
references.pmid: 20010888
references.citation: MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs. 2006 Nov-Dec;31(6):382-7
references.pmid: 17149115
references.citation: Br J Psychiatry. 1990 Aug;157:288-90
references.pmid: 2224383
references.citation: Neuropsychopharmacology. 2000 Nov;23(5):477-501
references.pmid: 11027914
references.citation: Matern Child Health J. 2013 Apr;17(3):405-14
references.pmid: 22466717
references.citation: Mol Psychiatry. 2011 Feb;16(2):202-15
references.pmid: 20038947
references.citation: Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr. 2009 Dec;77(12):708-13
references.pmid: 19859869
references.citation: Neurosci Lett. 2006 Sep 1;404(3):358-62
references.pmid: 16815632
references.citation: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1993 Jan;76(1):260-2
references.pmid: 8421097
references.citation: J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2010 Jan;19(1):31-7
references.pmid: 20088656
references.citation: Bipolar Disord. 2008 Feb;10(1):38-44
references.pmid: 18199240
references.citation: Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1996 Apr;44(4):419-28
references.pmid: 8706308
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2008 Feb;65(2):190-200
references.pmid: 18250257
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 2006 Sep;163(9):1549-53
references.pmid: 16946179
references.citation: J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2010 Feb;19(2):329-34
references.pmid: 20095906
references.citation: Genes Brain Behav. 2013 Apr;12(3):289-96
references.pmid: 23406438
references.citation: Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2001 Oct;104(4):243-9
references.pmid: 11722298
references.citation: Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2010 Jan;202(1):5-14
references.pmid: 20096252
references.citation: Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2002 Mar;4(1):31-46
references.pmid: 22033745
references.citation: Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev. 2011 Mar;14(1):1-27
references.pmid: 21052833
references.citation: Evid Rep Technol Assess (Summ). 2005 Feb;(119):1-8
references.pmid: 15760246
references.citation: J Psychiatr Res. 2012 Sep;46(9):1109-17
references.pmid: 22721547
references.citation: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998 Jan;83(1):144-51
references.pmid: 9435432
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1993 Nov;50(11):863-70
references.pmid: 8215812
references.citation: Hum Reprod. 2010 Oct;25(10):2664-71
references.pmid: 20716560
references.citation: WMJ. 2004;103(6):56-63
references.pmid: 15622821
references.citation: Obstet Gynecol. 2005 Nov;106(5 Pt 1):1071-83
references.pmid: 16260528
references.citation: J Affect Disord. 2012 Feb;136(3):1192-7
references.pmid: 22209125
references.citation: Mol Endocrinol. 2005 Jul;19(7):1687-96
references.pmid: 15746190
references.citation: BMC Res Notes. 2011 Mar 23;4:78
references.pmid: 21429225
references.citation: Regul Pept. 1997 Jul 23;71(1):15-21
references.pmid: 9299637
references.citation: J Affect Disord. 2006 Jan;90(1):49-55
references.pmid: 16337009
references.citation: Mol Psychiatry. 2012 Jan;17(1):36-48
references.pmid: 21042317
references.citation: Depress Anxiety. 2013 Dec;30(12):1170-6
references.pmid: 23861224
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 1990 Dec 25;265(36):22067-70
references.pmid: 2266108
references.citation: Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 1998 Jan 16;123(3):35-40
references.pmid: 9472218
references.citation: Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd. 2013 Apr;73(4):318-323
references.pmid: 24771917
references.citation: Mol Psychiatry. 1996 Sep;1(4):336-42
references.pmid: 9118360
references.citation: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012 Oct;97(10):E1890-7
references.pmid: 22802086
references.citation: Mol Psychiatry. 2009 Apr;14(4):359-75
references.pmid: 19065144
references.citation: Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2009 Dec;34 Suppl 1:S186-95
references.pmid: 19560279