title: [Reconstruction of nasal cartilage defects using a tissue engineering technique based on combination of high-density polyethylene and hydrogel].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Nasal reconstruction remains a challenge for any surgeon. The surgical indications for nasal reconstruction after oncologic resection, trauma or as part of cosmetic rhinoplasty, are steadily increasing. The current attitude for reconstruction is the use of autologous cartilage grafts of various origins (septal, ear or rib) trying to restore a physiological anatomy but their quantity is limited. Thus, in order to produce an implantable cartilaginous model, we developed a study protocol involving human nasal chondrocytes, growth factors and a composite biomaterial and studied at the molecular, cellular and tissue level the phenotype of the chondrocytes cultured in this model.
  
  
  METHODS
  After extraction of chondrocytes and their amplification on plastic, the cells were cultured for 15 days either in monolayer or within an agarose hydrogel or a composite biomaterial (agarose/high density polyethylene: Medpor(®)) in the presence or not of a cocktail of soluble factors (BIT): bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), insulin and triiodothyronine (T3). The quality of the chondrocyte phenotype was analyzed by PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During their amplification in monolayer, chondrocytes dedifferentiate. However, our results show that the BIT cocktail induces redifferentiation of chondrocytes cultured in agarose/Medpor with synthesis of mature chondrogenic markers. Thereby, chondrocytes associated with the agarose hydrogel will colonize Medpor and synthesize an extracellular matrix characteristic of nasal cartilage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This nasal cartilage tissue engineering protocol provides the first interesting results for nasal reconstruction.
authors.affiliation: Service d'oto-rhino-laryngologie et chirurgie cervico-maxillo-faciale, hospices civils de Lyon, hôpital Édouard-Herriot, 3, place d'Arsonval, 69007 Lyon cedex, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Durbec
authors.affiliation: CNRS UMR5305, institut de biologie et chimie des protéines, 7, passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon cedex 07, France.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.affiliation: Service d'oto-rhino-laryngologie et chirurgie cervico-maxillo-faciale, hospices civils de Lyon, hôpital Édouard-Herriot, 3, place d'Arsonval, 69007 Lyon cedex, France.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vertu-Ciolino
authors.affiliation: Service d'oto-rhino-laryngologie et chirurgie cervico-maxillo-faciale, hospices civils de Lyon, hôpital Édouard-Herriot, 3, place d'Arsonval, 69007 Lyon cedex, France.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Disant
authors.affiliation: CNRS UMR5305, institut de biologie et chimie des protéines, 7, passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon cedex 07, France.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mallein-Gerin
authors.affiliation: CNRS UMR5305, institut de biologie et chimie des protéines, 7, passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon cedex 07, France. Electronic address: emeline.groult@ibcp.fr.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Perrier-Groult
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D003470:Culture Media / Q000494:pharmacology; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000494:pharmacology; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009300:Nasal Septum / Q000166:cytology*; D011095:Polyethylenes; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D012685:Sepharose; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D003470:Culture Media; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D007328:Insulin; C084562:Medpor; D011095:Polyethylenes; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014284:Triiodothyronine; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate; D012685:Sepharose
keywords: Biomaterial; Biomatériaux; Bone morphogenetic protein-2; Chondrocytes; Ingénierie tissulaire; Nasal reconstruction; Reconstruction nasale; Tissue engineering