title: Three-dimensional flow contrast imaging of deep tissue using noncontact diffuse correlation tomography.
abstract: This study extended our recently developed noncontact diffuse correlation spectroscopy flowmetry system into noncontact diffuse correlation tomography (ncDCT) for three-dimensional (3-D) flow imaging of deep tissue. A linear array of 15 photodetectors and two laser sources connected to a mobile lens-focusing system enabled automatic and noncontact scanning of flow in a region of interest. These boundary measurements were combined with a finite element framework for DCT image reconstruction implemented into an existing software package. This technique was tested in computer simulations and using a tissue-like phantom with anomaly flow contrast design. The cylindrical tube-shaped anomaly was clearly reconstructed in both simulation and phantom. Recovered and assigned flow contrast changes in anomaly were found to be highly correlated: regression slope = 1.00, R2= 1.00, and p < 10-5in simulation and regression slope ≥ 0.97, R2≥ 0.96, and p < 10-3in phantom. These results exhibit promise of our ncDCT technique for 3-D imaging of deep tissue blood flow heterogeneities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA.
authors.forename: Chong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Irwin
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA.
authors.forename: Lian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA.
authors.forename: Guoqiang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yu
references.citation: Opt Express. 2006 Feb 6;14(3):1125-44
references.pmid: 19503435
references.citation: Phys Med Biol. 2002 Aug 21;47(16):2847-61
references.pmid: 12222850
references.citation: J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2003 Aug;23(8):911-24
references.pmid: 12902835
references.citation: Commun Numer Methods Eng. 2008 Aug 15;25(6):711-732
references.pmid: 20182646
references.citation: J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis. 1997 Dec;14(12):3358-65
references.pmid: 9392901
references.citation: Biomed Opt Express. 2011 Jul 1;2(7):2068-81
references.pmid: 21750781
references.citation: Biomed Opt Express. 2011 Jul 1;2(7):1969-85
references.pmid: 21750773
references.citation: Sci Rep. 2013;3:1358
references.pmid: 23446991
references.citation: J Biomed Opt. 2012 Jan;17(1):010502
references.pmid: 22352631
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2012 Sep;62(3):1445-54
references.pmid: 22659481