title: Evolution and immediate future of US screening guidelines.
abstract: Although observational studies and simulation models have shed some interesting light on many of the uncertainties surrounding prostate cancer screening, well-done clinical trials provide the best evidence on screening among the extremes of age, the most appropriate interval to screen, and the best complement of tests to use. Enthusiasm for screening is temporized by the acknowledgment that overdetection leads to frequent overtreatment despite evidence supporting the safety of active surveillance in many men with low-risk disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, 1600 Divisadero Street, A631, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA. Electronic address: kgreene@urology.ucsf.edu.
authors.forename: Kirsten L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Greene
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, 1600 Divisadero Street, A631, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA.
authors.forename: Sanoj
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Punnen
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, 1600 Divisadero Street, A631, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA.
authors.forename: Peter R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Carroll
mesh_terms: D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000639:trends*; D009017:Morbidity / Q000639:trends; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic / Q000592:standards*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Guidelines; Prostate cancer; Prostate specific antigen (PSA); Public health; Screening