title: Quantifying the release of lactose from polymer matrix tablets with an amperometric biosensor utilizing cellobiose dehydrogenase.
abstract: The release of lactose (hydrophilic) from polymer tablets made with hydrophobically modified poly(acrylic acid) (HMPAA) have been studied and compared to the release of ibuprofen, a hydrophobic active substance. Lactose is one of the most used excipients for tablets, but lactose release has not been widely studied. One reason could be a lack of good analytical tools. A novel biosensor with cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) was used to detect the lactose release, which has a polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDADMAC) layer that increases the response. A sample treatment using polyethylenimine (PEI) was developed to eliminate possible denaturants. The developed methodology provided a good approach to detect and quantify the released lactose. The release was studied with or without the presence of a model amphiphilic substance, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), in the release medium. Ibuprofen showed very different release rates in the different media, which was attributed to hydrophobic interactions between the drug, the HMPAA and the SDS in the release medium. The release of hydrophilic lactose, which did not associate to any of the other components, was rapid and showed only minor differences. The new methodology provides a useful tool to further evaluate tablet formulations by a relatively simple set of experiments.
authors.affiliation: Division of Physical Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-22100, Sweden. Electronic address: patrik.knoos@fkem1.lu.se.
authors.forename: Patrik
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Knöös
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-22100, Sweden. Electronic address: Christopher.Schulz@biochemistry.lu.se.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schulz
authors.affiliation: Division of Physical Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-22100, Sweden.
authors.forename: Lennart
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Piculell
authors.affiliation: Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Sciences and Technology, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ludwig
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-22100, Sweden.
authors.forename: Lo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gorton
authors.affiliation: Division of Food Technology, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-22100, Sweden. Electronic address: marie.wahlgren@food.lth.se.
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wahlgren
mesh_terms: D000179:Acrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D002237:Carbohydrate Dehydrogenases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D005079:Excipients / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000737:chemistry*; D007097:Imines / Q000737:chemistry; D007700:Kinetics; D007785:Lactose / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D011095:Polyethylenes / Q000737:chemistry; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate / Q000737:chemistry; D012995:Solubility; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D013607:Tablets; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000179:Acrylates; D005079:Excipients; D007097:Imines; D011095:Polyethylenes; D011108:Polymers; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D013607:Tablets; C505405:poly(ethylene imine); C041004:poly-N,N-dimethyl-N,N-diallylammonium chloride; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; D002237:Carbohydrate Dehydrogenases; C019859:cellobiose-quinone oxidoreductase; D007785:Lactose; D007052:Ibuprofen
keywords: Biosensors; Cellobiose dehydrogenease; Controlled release; Lactose release; Polymer matrix; Release mechanisms