title: Enhancing adult nerve regeneration through the knockdown of retinoblastoma protein.
abstract: Tumour suppressor pathways may offer novel targets capable of altering the plasticity of post-mitotic adult neurons. Here we describe a role for the retinoblastoma (Rb) protein, widely expressed in adult sensory neurons and their axons, during regeneration. In adult sensory neurons, Rb short interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown or Rb1 deletion in vitro enhances neurite outgrowth and branching. Plasticity is achieved in part through upregulation of neuronal PPARυ; its antagonism inhibits Rb siRNA plasticity, whereas a PPARυ agonist increases growth. In an in vivo regenerative paradigm following complete peripheral nerve trunk transection, direct delivery of Rb siRNA prompts increased outgrowth of axons from proximal stumps and entrains Schwann cells to accompany them for greater distances. Similarly, Rb siRNA delivery following a nerve crush improves behavioural indices of motor and sensory recovery in mice. The overall findings indicate that inhibition of tumour suppressor molecules has a role to play in promoting adult neuron regeneration.
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Clinical Neurosciences and the Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1 [2].
authors.forename: Kimberly J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Christie
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Clinical Neurosciences and the Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1 [2].
authors.forename: Anand
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krishnan
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neurosciences and the Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1.
authors.forename: Jose A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neurosciences and the Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1.
authors.forename: Kaylynn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Purdy
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neurosciences and the Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1.
authors.forename: Bhagat
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neurosciences and the Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1.
authors.forename: Shane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eaton
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neurosciences and the Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1.
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zochodne
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D051379:Mice; D009416:Nerve Regeneration / Q000235:genetics*; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000378:metabolism*; D059348:Peripheral Nerve Injuries / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein / Q000235:genetics*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D047495:PPAR gamma; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein
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