title: Optimising the effects of rigid ankle foot orthoses on the gait of children with cerebral palsy (CP) - an exploratory trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This exploratory trial investigated the effects of rigid ankle foot orthoses (AFO) with an optimally cast Angle of the Ankle in the AFO (AAAFO) on the gait of children with Cerebral Palsy (CP), and whether tuning of the AFO - Footwear Combination (AFO-FC) further affected gait.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight children with CP underwent gait analysis and tuning of their AFO-FCs using a 3-D motion analysis system. Comparisons were carried out for selected gait parameters between three conditions - barefoot, non-tuned AFO-FC and tuned AFO-FC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In comparison to barefoot gait, walking with a non-tuned AFO-FC produced significant (p < 0.05) improvements in several key gait parameters. Compared to the non-tuned AFO-FC, on average a tuned AFO-FC produced a significant reduction in peak knee extension and knee ROM during gait. However, when examined as case studies, it was observed that the type of gait pattern demonstrated while wearing a non-tuned AFO-FC affected the outcomes of tuning.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings of the current study indicate the potential benefits of using rigid AFO-FC with optimal AAAFO and tuning of AFO-FCs. This study emphasises the need for categorising children with CP based on their gait patterns when investigating the effects of interventions such as AFOs. Implications for Rehabilitation Rigid ankle foot orthoses (AFO) cast at an optimal angle to accommodate the length of gastrocnemius muscle may positively influence walking in children with Cerebral Palsy (CP). Tuning of the AFO-Footwear Combination (AFO-FC) has potential benefits to the walking of children with CP, depending on their gait abnormalities. When investigating the effects of interventions such as AFOs, it is important to categorise children with CP based on their gait abnormalities.
authors.affiliation: a School of Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University , Edinburgh , UK.
authors.forename: Kavi C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Jagadamma
authors.affiliation: a School of Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University , Edinburgh , UK.
authors.forename: Fiona J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Coutts
authors.affiliation: a School of Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University , Edinburgh , UK.
authors.forename: Thomas H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Mercer
authors.affiliation: b Anderson Gait Analysis Laboratory , Astley Ainsley Hospital , Edinburgh , UK.
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Herman
authors.affiliation: c Department of Clinical Genetics , Western General Hospital , Edinburgh , UK , and.
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yirrell
authors.affiliation: d Orthotics Department , Buchanan Orthotics , Glasgow , UK.
authors.forename: Lyndsay
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Forbes
authors.affiliation: a School of Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University , Edinburgh , UK.
authors.forename: Marietta L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: van der Linden
keywords: AFO; ankle foot orthosis; cerebral palsy; gait; tuning