title: The environment can explain differences in adolescents' daily physical activity levels living in a deprived urban area: cross-sectional study using accelerometry, GPS, and focus groups.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Evidence suggests that many contemporary urban environments do not support healthy lifestyle choices and are implicated in the obesity pandemic. Middlesbrough, in the northeast of England is one such environment and a prime target for investigation.
  
  
  METHODS
  To measure physical activity (PA) levels in a sample of 28 adolescents (aged 11 to 14 years) and describe the environmental context of their activity and explore where they are most and least active over a 7-day period, accelerometry and Global Positioning System (GPS) technology were used. Twenty-five of these participants also took part in focus groups about their experiences and perceptions of PA engagement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Findings indicated that all participants were relatively inactive throughout the observed period although bouts of moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were identified in 4 contexts: school, home, street, and rural/urban green spaces, with MVPA levels highest in the school setting. Providing access to local facilities and services (such as leisure centers) is not in itself sufficient to engage adolescents in MVPA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Factors influencing engagement in MVPA were identified within and across contexts, including 'time' as both a facilitator and barrier, perceptions of 'gendered' PA, and the social influences of peer groups and family members.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, Stockton-on-Tees, UK.
authors.forename: Helen Joy
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Catherine A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Nixon
authors.forename: Amelia A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Lake
authors.forename: Wayne
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Douthwaite
authors.forename: Claire L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: O'Malley
authors.forename: Claire L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Pedley
authors.forename: Carolyn D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Summerbell
authors.forename: Ashley C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Routen
mesh_terms: D061725:Accelerometry / Q000379:methods*; D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003625:Data Collection; D004739:England; D004777:Environment; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D040362:Geographic Information Systems; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012424:Rural Population; D012574:Schools