title: GABA level, gamma oscillation, and working memory performance in schizophrenia.
abstract: A relationship between working memory impairment, disordered neuronal oscillations, and abnormal prefrontal GABA function has been hypothesized in schizophrenia; however, in vivo GABA measurements and gamma band neural synchrony have not yet been compared in schizophrenia. This case-control pilot study (N = 24) compared baseline and working memory task-induced neuronal oscillations acquired with high-density electroencephalograms (EEGs) to GABA levels measured in vivo with magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Working memory performance, baseline GABA level in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and measures of gamma oscillations from EEGs at baseline and during a working memory task were obtained. A major limitation of this study is a relatively small sample size for several analyses due to the integration of diverse methodologies and participant compliance. Working memory performance was significantly lower for patients than for controls. During the working memory task, patients (n = 7) had significantly lower amplitudes in gamma oscillations than controls (n = 9). However, both at rest and across working memory stages, there were significant correlations between gamma oscillation amplitude and left DLPFC GABA level. Peak gamma frequency during the encoding stage of the working memory task (n = 16) significantly correlated with GABA level and working memory performance. Despite gamma band amplitude deficits in patients across working memory stages, both baseline and working memory-induced gamma oscillations showed strong dependence on baseline GABA levels in patients and controls. These findings suggest a critical role for GABA function in gamma band oscillations, even under conditions of system and cognitive impairments as seen in schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, 406 Babbidge Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
authors.forename: Chi-Ming A
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Institute for the Neurosciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Arielle D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Stanford
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Citigroup Biomedical Imaging Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, 516 East 72nd Street, New York, NY 10021, USA.
authors.forename: Xiangling
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, the New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA ; Department of Radiology, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, The New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Anissa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abi-Dargham
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Citigroup Biomedical Imaging Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, 516 East 72nd Street, New York, NY 10021, USA.
authors.forename: Dikoma C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Shungu
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Trent Drive and Erwin Road, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
authors.forename: Sarah H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lisanby
authors.affiliation: Cognitive Neuroscience and Schizophrenia Program, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA.
authors.forename: Charles E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Schroeder
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, the New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA ; Department of Radiology, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, The New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Lawrence S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Kegeles
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods; D056344:Executive Function; D005260:Female; D065818:Gamma Rhythm; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term; D008875:Middle Aged; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055815:Young Adult; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
keywords: Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; GABA; Gamma oscillation; Magnetic resonance spectroscopy; Schizophrenia; Working memory
references.citation: Int J Psychophysiol. 2007 Apr;64(1):39-45
references.pmid: 16962192
references.citation: Nature. 1999 Feb 4;397(6718):391, 393
references.pmid: 9989402
references.citation: Neural Plast. 2011;2011:723184
references.pmid: 21904685
references.citation: Front Hum Neurosci. 2012 Jan 13;5:190
references.pmid: 22319485
references.citation: Nature. 1989 Mar 23;338(6213):334-7
references.pmid: 2922061
references.citation: Cereb Cortex. 2002 Oct;12(10):1063-70
references.pmid: 12217970
references.citation: Biol Psychiatry. 2006 Dec 1;60(11):1231-40
references.pmid: 16893524
references.citation: Brain Res Cogn Brain Res. 2005 Dec;25(3):936-47
references.pmid: 16289526
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 2005 Mar;162(3):475-84
references.pmid: 15741464
references.citation: Schizophr Res. 2006 Oct;87(1-3):223-7
references.pmid: 16793240
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2004 Oct 13;24(41):9127-37
references.pmid: 15483131
references.citation: Biol Psychiatry. 2013 Mar 15;73(6):510-7
references.pmid: 23039931
references.citation: Nat Neurosci. 2002 Aug;5(8):805-11
references.pmid: 12134152
references.citation: Neuropsychologia. 2011 Aug;49(10):2836-47
references.pmid: 21703287
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2010 Feb 1;49(3):2248-63
references.pmid: 19874901
references.citation: Trends Cogn Sci. 1999 Apr;3(4):151-162
references.pmid: 10322469
references.citation: Nat Rev Neurosci. 2001 Oct;2(10):704-16
references.pmid: 11584308
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Dec 7;101(49):17288-93
references.pmid: 15546988
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Dec 19;97(26):14748-53
references.pmid: 11121074
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2012 Jan 16;59(2):1657-67
references.pmid: 21963912
references.citation: Neuron. 2009 Apr 16;62(1):8-10; author reply 10-12
references.pmid: 19376062
references.citation: Cereb Cortex. 2008 Aug;18(8):1843-55
references.pmid: 18056698
references.citation: Nat Rev Neurosci. 2010 Feb;11(2):100-13
references.pmid: 20087360
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1991 Nov;48(11):996-1001
references.pmid: 1747023
references.citation: PLoS One. 2012;7(4):e31933
references.pmid: 22485128
references.citation: J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2013 Winter;25(1):83-7
references.pmid: 23487198
references.citation: Neuroscience. 1999;93(2):441-8
references.pmid: 10465426
references.citation: J Neurophysiol. 2003 Jul;90(1):415-30
references.pmid: 12611969
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Dec 26;103(52):19878-83
references.pmid: 17170134
references.citation: Int Rev Neurobiol. 2007;78:109-31
references.pmid: 17349859
references.citation: Neuropsychopharmacology. 2010 Dec;35(13):2590-9
references.pmid: 20827271
references.citation: J Psychiatr Res. 2010 Jul;44(10):673-81
references.pmid: 20100621
references.citation: Crit Rev Neurobiol. 2000;14(1):1-21
references.pmid: 11253953
references.citation: J Neurosci Methods. 2008 May 30;170(2):352-7
references.pmid: 18328571
references.citation: Neuropharmacology. 2012 Mar;62(3):1504-18
references.pmid: 21349276
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Jun 15;90(12):5662-6
references.pmid: 8516315
references.citation: Neuropsychopharmacology. 2001 Jul;25(1):1-27
references.pmid: 11377916
references.citation: Neuron. 2008 May 8;58(3):429-41
references.pmid: 18466752
references.citation: Biol Psychiatry. 1997 Jan 1;41(1):43-9
references.pmid: 8988794
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 2008 Dec;165(12):1585-93
references.pmid: 18923067
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2000 May;11(5 Pt 1):380-91
references.pmid: 10806025
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005 Oct;62(10):1071-80
references.pmid: 16203952
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2001 Dec 1;21(23):9478-86
references.pmid: 11717382
references.citation: Biol Psychiatry. 2010 Oct 1;68(7):667-70
references.pmid: 20598290
references.citation: Neuron. 2006 Oct 5;52(1):155-68
references.pmid: 17015233
references.citation: Schizophr Res. 2010 Oct;123(1):22-9
references.pmid: 20724113
references.citation: Biol Psychiatry. 2011 Mar 1;69(5):432-41
references.pmid: 21146155
references.citation: Neuropsychopharmacology. 2008 Jan;33(1):141-65
references.pmid: 17805309
references.citation: Nature. 2003 Feb 20;421(6925):844-8
references.pmid: 12594513
references.citation: Nat Rev Neurosci. 2001 Apr;2(4):229-39
references.pmid: 11283746
references.citation: Schizophr Bull. 2013 Sep;39(5):1096-104
references.pmid: 23081992
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2003 Aug 13;23(19):7407-11
references.pmid: 12917376
references.citation: Science. 2001 Feb 23;291(5508):1560-3
references.pmid: 11222864
references.citation: Schizophr Res. 2009 Jul;112(1-3):192-3
references.pmid: 19464152
references.citation: Schizophr Res. 2010 Mar;117(1):83-91
references.pmid: 20022731
references.citation: Nat Rev Neurosci. 2001 Jan;2(1):11-23
references.pmid: 11253355
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2010 Mar 10;30(10):3777-81
references.pmid: 20220012
references.citation: Brain. 2010 May;133(Pt 5):1505-14
references.pmid: 20350936
references.citation: Schizophr Res. 2010 Aug;121(1-3):146-52
references.pmid: 20598857
references.citation: Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1983 Apr;55(4):468-84
references.pmid: 6187540
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2012 May;69(5):449-59
references.pmid: 22213769
references.citation: Cereb Cortex. 2003 Dec;13(12):1369-74
references.pmid: 14615302
references.citation: Trends Neurosci. 2012 Jan;35(1):57-67
references.pmid: 22154068
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 May 19;106(20):8356-61
references.pmid: 19416820
references.citation: Brain Res. 2007 Jan 12;1128(1):120-9
references.pmid: 17113573
references.citation: Nature. 2009 Jun 4;459(7247):698-702
references.pmid: 19396159
references.citation: Neuropsychopharmacology. 2012 Nov;37(12):2684-92
references.pmid: 22850733
references.citation: J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2004 Mar;29(2):102-13
references.pmid: 15069464