title: Television viewing, bedroom television, and sleep duration from infancy to mid-childhood.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Television and insufficient sleep are associated with poor mental and physical health. This study assessed associations of TV viewing and bedroom TV with sleep duration from infancy to midchildhood.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 1864 children in Project Viva. Parents reported children's average daily TV viewing and sleep (at 6 months and annually from 1-7 years) and the presence of a bedroom TV (annually 4-7 years). We used mixed effects models to assess associations of TV exposures with contemporaneous sleep, adjusting for child age, gender, race/ethnicity, maternal education, and income.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six hundred forty-three children (35%) were racial/ethnic minorities; 37% of households had incomes ≤$70 000. From 6 months to 7 years, mean (SD) sleep duration decreased from 12.2 (2.0) hours to 9.8 (0.9) hours per day; TV viewing increased from 0.9 (1.2) hours to 1.6 (1.0) hours per day. At 4 years, 17% had a bedroom TV, rising to 23% at 7 years. Each 1 hour per day increase in lifetime TV viewing was associated with 7 minutes per day (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4 to 10) shorter sleep. The association of bedroom TV varied by race/ethnicity; bedroom TV was associated with 31 minutes per day shorter sleep (95% CI: 16 to 45) among racial/ethnic minority children, but not among white, non-Hispanic children (8 fewer minutes per day [95% CI: -19 to 2]).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  More TV viewing, and, among racial/ethnic minority children, the presence of a bedroom TV, were associated with shorter sleep from infancy to midchildhood.
authors.affiliation: Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; emc611@mail.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Elizabeth M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Cespedes
authors.affiliation: Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts;
authors.forename: Matthew W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Gillman
authors.affiliation: Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts;
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kleinman
authors.affiliation: Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts;
authors.forename: Sheryl L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Rifas-Shiman
authors.affiliation: Brigham and Women's Hospital and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Redline
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Elsie M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Taveras
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008913:Minority Groups / Q000523:psychology; D012890:Sleep; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D012931:Social Environment; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013690:Television; D044465:White People / Q000523:psychology
keywords: childhood; sleep duration; sleep hygiene; television
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