title: Monitoring training load, recovery-stress state, immune-endocrine responses, and physical performance in elite female basketball players during a periodized training program.
abstract: This study investigated the effect of a periodized training program on internal training load (ITL), recovery-stress state, immune-endocrine responses, and physical performance in 19 elite female basketball players. The participants were monitored across a 12-week period before an international championship, which included 2 overloading and tapering phases. The first overloading phase (fourth to sixth week) was followed by a 1-week tapering, and the second overloading phase (eighth to 10th week) was followed by a 2-week tapering. ITL (session rating of perceived exertion method) and recovery-stress state (RESTQ-76 Sport questionnaire) were assessed weekly and bi-weekly, respectively. Pretraining and posttraining assessments included measures of salivary IgA, testosterone and cortisol concentrations, strength, jumping power, running endurance, and agility. Internal training load increased across all weeks from 2 to 11 (p ≤ 0.05). After the first tapering period (week 7), a further increase in ITL was observed during the second overloading phase (p ≤ 0.05). After the second tapering period, a decrease in ITL was detected (p ≤ 0.05). A disturbance in athlete stress-recovery state was noted during the second overloading period (p ≤ 0.05), before returning to baseline level in end of the second tapering period. The training program led to significant improvements in the physical performance parameters evaluated. The salivary measures did not change despite the fluctuations in ITL. In conclusion, a periodized training program evoked changes in ITL in elite female basketball players, which appeared to influence their recovery-stress state. The training plan was effective in preparing participants for competition, as indicated by improvements in recovery-stress state and physical performance after tapering.
authors.affiliation: 1School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; 2Hamlyn Center, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; 3School of Exercise, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Western Australia, Australia; 4Brazilian Olympic Committee, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and 5School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: João A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Nunes
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moreira
authors.forename: Blair T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Crewther
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nosaka
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Viveiros
authors.forename: Marcelo S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Aoki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D054874:Athletic Performance / Q000502:physiology; D001490:Basketball / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000378:metabolism; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000378:metabolism; D053580:Muscle Strength; D064797:Physical Conditioning, Human / Q000379:methods* / Q000502:physiology*; D010807:Physical Endurance; D005082:Physical Exertion; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013739:Testosterone / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D013739:Testosterone; D006854:Hydrocortisone