title: A preliminary study of functional connectivity of medication naïve children with obsessive-compulsive disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Evidence suggests that obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is associated with a dysfunction in the cortico-striatal-thalamic-cortical (CSTC) circuitry. Resting state functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fcMRI) allows measurements of resting state networks (RSNs), brain networks that are present at 'rest'. However, although OCD has a typical onset during childhood or adolescence, only two other studies have performed rs-fcMRI comparisons of RSNs in children and adolescents with OCD against healthy controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the present study, we performed resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging using a 3 Tesla MRI, in 11 medication-naïve children and adolescents with OCD and 9 healthy controls. In contrast to previous studies that relied on a priori determination of RSNs, we determined resting state functional connectivity with a data-driven independent component analysis (ICA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Consistent with previous reports in healthy adults, we identified 13 RSNs. Case-control un-adjusted statistical significance (p<0.05) was found for two networks. Firstly, increased connectivity (OCD>control) in the right section of Brodmann area 43 of the auditory network; Secondly, decreased connectivity in the right section of Brodmann area 8 and Brodmann area 40 in the cingulate network.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our preliminary findings of case-control differences in RSNs lend further support to the CSTC hypothesis of OCD, as well as implicating other regions of the brain outside of the CSTC.
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Alexander Mark
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neuroscience, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: nsoreni@sjtoes.ca.
authors.forename: Noam
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Soreni
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Electrical & Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Medical Physics & Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Radiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Michael David
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Noseworthy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000098:blood supply / Q000502:physiology; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000473:pathology*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D013788:Thalamus / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Cingulate network; Cortico-striatal–thalamic–cortical (CSTC); Independent component analysis (ICA); Obsessive–compulsive disorder; Pediatric; Resting state networks (RSN)