title: Mesenteric lymph diversion abrogates 5-lipoxygenase activation in the kidney following trauma and hemorrhagic shock.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Early acute kidney injury (AKI) following trauma is associated with multiorgan failure and mortality. Leukotrienes have been implicated both in AKI and in acute lung injury. Activated 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) colocalizes with 5-LO-activating protein (FLAP) in the first step of leukotriene production following trauma and hemorrhagic shock (T/HS). Diversion of postshock mesenteric lymph, which is rich in the 5-LO substrate of arachidonate, attenuates lung injury and decreases 5-LO/FLAP associations in the lung after T/HS. We hypothesized that mesenteric lymph diversion (MLD) will also attenuate postshock 5-LO-mediated AKI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats underwent T/HS (laparotomy, hemorrhagic shock to a mean arterial pressure of 30 mm Hg for 45 minutes, and resuscitation), and MLD was accomplished via cannulation of the mesenteric duct. Extent of kidney injury was determined via histology score and verified by urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin assay. Kidney sections were immunostained for 5-LO and FLAP, and colocalization was determined by fluorescence resonance energy transfer signal intensity. The end leukotriene products of 5-LO were determined in urine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  AKI was evident in the T/HS group by derangement in kidney tubule architecture and confirmed by neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin assay, whereas MLD during T/HS preserved renal tubule morphology at a sham level. MLD during T/HS decreased the associations between 5-LO and FLAP demonstrated by fluorescence resonance energy transfer microscopy and decreased leukotriene production in urine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  5-LO and FLAP colocalize in the interstitium of the renal medulla following T/HS. MLD attenuates this phenomenon, which coincides with pathologic changes seen in tubules during kidney injury and biochemical evidence of AKI. These data suggest that gut-derived leukotriene substrate predisposes the kidney and the lung to subsequent injury.
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Stringham
authors.forename: Ernest E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Fabia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gamboni
authors.forename: Jeffrey N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Harr
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fragoso
authors.forename: Theresa L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Chin
authors.forename: Caitlin E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Carr
authors.forename: Christopher C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Silliman
authors.forename: Anirban
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Banerjee
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D055371:Acute Lung Injury / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D000818:Animals; D001094:Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000502:physiology; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D007668:Kidney / Q000201:enzymology*; D015289:Leukotrienes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008643:Mesentery / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D009102:Multiple Organ Failure / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012771:Shock, Hemorrhagic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000209:etiology; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000201:enzymology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D015289:Leukotrienes; D001094:Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase
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