title: Application of polypyrrole multi-walled carbon nanotube composite layer for detection of mercury, lead and iron ions using surface plasmon resonance technique.
abstract: Polypyrrole multi-walled carbon nanotube composite layers were used to modify the gold layer to measure heavy metal ions using the surface plasmon resonance technique. The new sensor was fabricated to detect trace amounts of mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), and iron (Fe) ions. In the present research, the sensitivity of a polypyrrole multi-walled carbon nanotube composite layer and a polypyrrole layer were compared. The application of polypyrrole multi-walled carbon nanotubes enhanced the sensitivity and accuracy of the sensor for detecting ions in an aqueous solution due to the binding of mercury, lead, and iron ions to the sensing layer. The Hg ion bonded to the sensing layer more strongly than did the Pb and Fe ions. The limitation of the sensor was calculated to be about 0.1 ppm, which produced an angle shift in the region of 0.3° to 0.6°.
authors.affiliation: Wireless and Photonics Networks Research Center of Excellence (WiPNET), Faculty of Engineering Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Amir Reza
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Sadrolhosseini
authors.affiliation: Wireless and Photonics Networks Research Center of Excellence (WiPNET), Faculty of Engineering Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Computer and Communication Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: A S M
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Noor
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Eslamshahr Branch, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Afarin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bahrami
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Functional Device Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: H N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Zainal Abidin
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Talib
authors.affiliation: Wireless and Photonics Networks Research Center of Excellence (WiPNET), Faculty of Engineering Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Computer and Communication Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mohd Adzir
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mahdi
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D007477:Ions; D007501:Iron / Q000032:analysis; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis; D008628:Mercury / Q000032:analysis; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis*; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D055620:Optical Phenomena; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000737:chemistry*; D012031:Refractometry; D012996:Solutions; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D020349:Surface Plasmon Resonance / Q000379:methods*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D007477:Ions; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D011108:Polymers; D011758:Pyrroles; D012996:Solutions; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D007854:Lead; C067635:polypyrrole; D007501:Iron; D008628:Mercury
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