title: The human gut microbiota: a dynamic interplay with the host from birth to senescence settled during childhood.
abstract: The microbiota "organ" is the central bioreactor of the gastrointestinal tract, populated by a total of 10(14) bacteria and characterized by a genomic content (microbiome), which represents more than 100 times the human genome. The microbiota plays an important role in child health by acting as a barrier against pathogens and their invasion with a highly dynamic modality, exerting metabolic multistep functions and stimulating the development of the host immune system, through well-organized programming, which influences all of the growth and aging processes. The advent of "omics" technologies (genomics, proteomics, metabolomics), characterized by complex technological platforms and advanced analytical and computational procedures, has opened new avenues to the knowledge of the gut microbiota ecosystem, clarifying some aspects on the establishment of microbial communities that constitute it, their modulation and active interaction with external stimuli as well as food, within the host genetic variability. With a huge interdisciplinary effort and an interface work between basic, translational, and clinical research, microbiologists, specialists in "-omics" disciplines, and clinicians are now clarifying the role of the microbiota in the programming process of several gut-related diseases, from the physiological symbiosis to the microbial dysbiosis stage, through an integrated systems biology approach.
authors.affiliation: 1] Unit of Parasitology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy [2] Unit of Metagenomics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Lorenza
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Putignani
authors.affiliation: 1] Unit of Parasitology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy [2] Unit of Metagenomics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Del Chierico
authors.affiliation: 1] Unit of Parasitology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy [2] Unit of Metagenomics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy [3] Department of Diagnostic Science, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Petrucca
authors.affiliation: 1] Unit of Parasitology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy [2] Unit of Metagenomics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy [3] Interdipartimental Centre for Industrial Research-CIRI-AGRIFOOD, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vernocchi
authors.affiliation: Scientific Directorate, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dallapiccola
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria; D001942:Breast Feeding; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D023281:Genomics; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange; D055432:Metabolomics; D064307:Microbiota; D010641:Phenotype; D011247:Pregnancy; D019936:Probiotics; D040901:Proteomics; D049490:Systems Biology