title: Current and future molecular diagnostics in colorectal cancer and colorectal adenoma.
abstract: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent cancers in developed countries. On the other hand, CRC is also one of the most curable cancers if it is detected in early stages through regular colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy. Since CRC develops slowly from precancerous lesions, early detection can reduce both the incidence and mortality of the disease. Fecal occult blood test is a widely used non-invasive screening tool for CRC. Although fecal occult blood test is simple and cost-effective in screening CRC, there is room for improvement in terms of the accuracy of the test. Genetic dysregulations have been found to play an important role in CRC development. With better understanding of the molecular basis of CRC, there is a growing expectation on the development of diagnostic tests based on more sensitive and specific molecular markers and those tests may provide a breakthrough to the limitations of current screening tests for CRC. In this review, the molecular basis of CRC development, the characteristics and applications of different non-invasive molecular biomarkers, as well as the technologies available for the detection were discussed. This review intended to provide a summary on the current and future molecular diagnostics in CRC and its pre-malignant state, colorectal adenoma.
authors.affiliation: Andy Hin-Fung Tsang, Ka-Ho Cheng, Apple Siu-Ping Wong, Nancy Bo-Yin Tsui, Lawrence Wing-Chi Chan, Benjamin Yat-Ming Yung, Sze-Chuen Cesar Wong, Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Andy Hin-Fung
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Tsang
authors.affiliation: Andy Hin-Fung Tsang, Ka-Ho Cheng, Apple Siu-Ping Wong, Nancy Bo-Yin Tsui, Lawrence Wing-Chi Chan, Benjamin Yat-Ming Yung, Sze-Chuen Cesar Wong, Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Ka-Ho
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Andy Hin-Fung Tsang, Ka-Ho Cheng, Apple Siu-Ping Wong, Nancy Bo-Yin Tsui, Lawrence Wing-Chi Chan, Benjamin Yat-Ming Yung, Sze-Chuen Cesar Wong, Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Apple Siu-Ping
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Andy Hin-Fung Tsang, Ka-Ho Cheng, Apple Siu-Ping Wong, Nancy Bo-Yin Tsui, Lawrence Wing-Chi Chan, Benjamin Yat-Ming Yung, Sze-Chuen Cesar Wong, Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Simon Siu-Man
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.affiliation: Andy Hin-Fung Tsang, Ka-Ho Cheng, Apple Siu-Ping Wong, Nancy Bo-Yin Tsui, Lawrence Wing-Chi Chan, Benjamin Yat-Ming Yung, Sze-Chuen Cesar Wong, Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Brigette Buig-Yue
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Andy Hin-Fung Tsang, Ka-Ho Cheng, Apple Siu-Ping Wong, Nancy Bo-Yin Tsui, Lawrence Wing-Chi Chan, Benjamin Yat-Ming Yung, Sze-Chuen Cesar Wong, Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Charles Ming-Lok
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: Andy Hin-Fung Tsang, Ka-Ho Cheng, Apple Siu-Ping Wong, Nancy Bo-Yin Tsui, Lawrence Wing-Chi Chan, Benjamin Yat-Ming Yung, Sze-Chuen Cesar Wong, Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Nancy Bo-Yin
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Tsui
authors.affiliation: Andy Hin-Fung Tsang, Ka-Ho Cheng, Apple Siu-Ping Wong, Nancy Bo-Yin Tsui, Lawrence Wing-Chi Chan, Benjamin Yat-Ming Yung, Sze-Chuen Cesar Wong, Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Lawrence Wing-Chi
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: Andy Hin-Fung Tsang, Ka-Ho Cheng, Apple Siu-Ping Wong, Nancy Bo-Yin Tsui, Lawrence Wing-Chi Chan, Benjamin Yat-Ming Yung, Sze-Chuen Cesar Wong, Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Benjamin Yat-Ming
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Yung
authors.affiliation: Andy Hin-Fung Tsang, Ka-Ho Cheng, Apple Siu-Ping Wong, Nancy Bo-Yin Tsui, Lawrence Wing-Chi Chan, Benjamin Yat-Ming Yung, Sze-Chuen Cesar Wong, Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Sze-Chuen Cesar
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D005243:Feces; D020868:Gene Silencing; D006801:Humans; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000378:metabolism; D053842:Microsatellite Instability; D009780:Occult Blood; D057089:Pathology, Molecular / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D035683:MicroRNAs
keywords: Colorectal adenoma; Colorectal cancer; Fecal occult blood test; Molecular diagnostics; Non-invasive
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