title: Anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic effects of luteolin on mice peritoneal macrophages stimulated by angiotensin II.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Luteolin, a plant flavonoid, can be found in a variety of plants and possesses anti-tumorigenic, anti-mutagenic, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the protective effects of luteolin on mice peritoneal macrophages stimulated by Angiotensin II (Ang II) have not been fully elucidated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mice peritoneal macrophages were confirmed to be strongly positive for the macrophage marker CD68. Cell viability was tested after cells were pretreated with different concentrations of luteolin (6.25, 12.5 and 25μM) and stimulated by Ang II. Luteolin not only significantly increased the viability of macrophages in the presence of Ang II, but also decreased the apoptotic rate, up-regulated Bcl-2 expression, and down-regulated Bax expression, thereby raising the ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax. In addition, luteolin pretreatment significantly increased the activity of SOD and reduced the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), which was up-regulated in the presence of Ang II. This protective effect was also seen with Vitamin E (VitE) pretreatment, which was used as a standard control in this study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data clearly demonstrate that luteolin suppresses Ang II-directed oxidative stress and apoptosis on mice peritoneal macrophages.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PR China.
authors.forename: Tian
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PR China.
authors.forename: Wanling
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PR China; Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PR China. Electronic address: dongyelichina@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Dongye
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PR China.
authors.forename: Tongda
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PR China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PR China.
authors.forename: Defeng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PR China.
authors.forename: Shasha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PR China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D047311:Luteolin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000008:administration & dosage; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D000804:Angiotensin II; D014810:Vitamin E; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D047311:Luteolin
keywords: Ang II; Anti-oxidant; Apoptosis; Luteolin; Macrophages