title: How Effective Are Radiation Reducing Gloves in C-arm Fluoroscopy-guided Pain Interventions?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The physician's hands are close to the X-ray field in C-arm fluoroscopy-guided pain interventions. We prospectively investigated the radiation attenuation of Proguard RR-2 gloves.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 100 cases, the effective doses (EDs) of two dosimeters without a radiation-reducing glove were collected. EDs from the two dosimeters-one dosimeter wrapped with a glove and the other dosimeter without a glove- were also measured at the side of the table (Group 1, 140 cases) and at a location 20 cm away from the side of the table (Group 2, 120 cases). Mean differences such as age, height, weight, radiation absorbed dose (RAD), exposure time, ED, and ratio of EDs were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the EDs of two dosimeters without gloves, there were no significant differences (39.0 ± 36.3 µSv vs. 38.8 ± 36.4 µSv) (P = 0.578). The RAD (192.0 ± 182.0 radcm(2)) in Group 2 was higher than that (132.3 ± 103.5 radcm(2)) in Group 1 (P = 0.002). The ED (33.3 ± 30.9 µSv) of the dosimeter without a glove in Group 1 was higher than that (12.3 ± 8.8 µSv) in Group 2 (P < 0.001). The ED (24.4 ± 22.4 µSv) of the dosimeter wrapped with a glove in Group 1 was higher than that (9.2 ± 6.8 µSv) in Group 2 (P < 0.001). No significant differences were noted in the ratio of EDs (73.5 ± 6.7% vs. 74.2 ± 9.3%, P = 0.469) between Group 1 and Group 2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Proguard RR-2 gloves have a radiation attenuation effect of 25.8-26.5%. The radiation attenuation is not significantly different by intensity of scatter radiation or the different RADs of C-arm fluoroscopy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ah Na
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Young Jae
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Bo Kyung
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Cheon
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Hun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
keywords: fluoroscopy; radiation attenuation; radiation exposure; radiation reducing gloves; scatter radiation
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