title: Plasma lipidomic profiling of treated HIV-positive individuals and the implications for cardiovascular risk prediction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The increased risk of coronary artery disease in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive patients is collectively contributed to by the human immunodeficiency virus and antiretroviral-associated dyslipidaemia. In this study, we investigate the characterisation of the plasma lipid profiles of treated HIV patients and the relationship of 316 plasma lipid species across multiple lipid classes with the risk of future cardiovascular events in HIV-positive patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a retrospective case-control study, we analysed plasma lipid profiles of 113 subjects. Cases (n = 23) were HIV-positive individuals with a stored blood sample available 12 months prior to their diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD). They were age and sex matched to HIV-positive individuals without a diagnosis of CAD (n = 45) and with healthy HIV-negative volunteers (n = 45).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Association of plasma lipid species and classes with HIV infection and cardiovascular risk in HIV were determined. In multiple logistic regression, we identified 83 lipids species and 7 lipid classes significantly associated with HIV infection and a further identified 74 lipid species and 8 lipid classes significantly associated with future cardiovascular events in HIV-positive subjects. Risk prediction models incorporating lipid species attained an area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.78 (0.775, 0.785)) and outperformed all other tested markers and risk scores in the identification of HIV-positive subjects with increased risk of cardiovascular events.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results demonstrate that HIV-positive patients have significant differences in their plasma lipid profiles compared with healthy HIV-negative controls and that numerous lipid species were significantly associated with elevated cardiovascular risk. This suggests a potential novel application for plasma lipids in cardiovascular risk screening of HIV-positive patients.
authors.affiliation: Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Gerard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Unit, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Janine M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Trevillyan
authors.affiliation: Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; University of Sciences and Technologies of Lille, Lille France.
authors.forename: Benoit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fatou
authors.affiliation: Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cinel
authors.affiliation: Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Jacquelyn M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Weir
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Unit, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Jennifer F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Hoy
authors.affiliation: Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Meikle
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids
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