title: Significance of impaired serum gelatinases activities in metabolic syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A consortium of metabolic risk factors accelerate the onset of diabetes, heart disease, stroke, and certain cancers. Proteolytic enzymes like matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are regulated by a group of endogenous proteins called tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP). These TIMPs binds to active and alternate sites of activated MMPs and facilitate regulation. Impaired expression of MMPs may have a significant contribution in the pathogenesis of many tissues-destructive processes like tumor progression and cardiovascular and metabolic disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  This case control study lays stress on the possible role of impaired levels of circulating MMP-2 and 9 in metabolic syndrome (MetS). The age, sex-matched 388 subjects with 190 newly diagnosed patients, and 198 healthy controls were recruited. To screen the patients with MetS, biochemical analysis of patients for impaired glucose level, hypertension, body mass index (BMI), and lipid profile was performed. The circulating level of MMP-2 and -9 in serum was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in all patients and control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All metabolic risk factors were statistically significant (P < 0.01) in patients against control group. The serum MMP-2 and -9 level was significantly higher (P < 0.001) in patients having MetS as compared with control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Similar trend was observed in gender wise analysis of serum MMP level. Higher MMP level alteration observed in male patients as compared with female patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Suraj Singh
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Yadav
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Manish Kumar
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Pradeep
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dwivedi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Education and Research, King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Raju Kumar
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Mandal
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Kauser
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Usman
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khattri
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Kamlesh Kumar
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Pant
keywords: Insulin resistance; matrix metalloproteinases-2; matrix metalloproteinases-9; metabolic syndrome
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