title: Zeaxanthin dipalmitate therapeutically improves hepatic functions in an alcoholic fatty liver disease model through modulating MAPK pathway.
abstract: In the current study, the therapeutic effects of zeaxanthin dipalmitate (ZD) on a rat alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD) model were evaluated. After-treatment with ZD from the 5th week to the 10th week in a 10-week ethanol intragastric administration in rats significantly alleviated the typical AFLD symptoms, including reduction in rat body weight, accumulation of hepatic fat droplets, occurrence of oxidative stress, inflammation, chemoattractive responses and hepatic apoptosis in the liver. The reduction of liver function abnormalities by ZD was partly through lower expression level of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), diminished activity of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) through the restoration of its inhibitor kappa B alpha (IκBα), and the modulation of MAPK pathways including p38 MAPK, JNK and ERK. ZD treatment alone did not pose obvious adverse effect on the healthy rat. In the cellular AFLD model, we also confirmed the inhibition of p38 MAPK and ERK abolished the beneficial effects of ZD. These results provide a scientific rationale for the use of zeaxanthin and its derivatives as new complementary agents for the prevention and treatment of alcoholic liver diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Anatomy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: School of Fishery, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China.
authors.forename: Jiteng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Feiyue
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.affiliation: School of Fishery, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Emily C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Liong
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Brain Hormone Healthy Aging Centre, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Man-Lung
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Fung
authors.affiliation: GMH Institute of Central Nervous System Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Anatomy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Brain Hormone Healthy Aging Centre, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Kwok-Fai
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: So
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Brain Hormone Healthy Aging Centre, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: George L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Tipoe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D019392:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005235:Fatty Liver, Alcoholic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010168:Palmitates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015398:Signal Transduction; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000187:drug effects; D024341:Xanthophylls / Q000494:pharmacology*; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; C000606206:Nfkbia protein, rat; D010168:Palmitates; D020011:Protective Agents; D024341:Xanthophylls; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D000431:Ethanol; C109854:zeaxanthin dipalmitate; D019392:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4
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