title: Interferon-λ in the context of viral infections: production, response and therapeutic implications.
abstract: Interferon (IFN)-λ forms the type III IFN family. Although they signal through distinct receptors, type I (IFN-α/β) and type III IFNs elicit remarkably similar responses in cells. However, in vivo, type III and type I IFN responses are not fully redundant as their respective contribution to the antiviral defense highly depends on virus species. IFN-λ is much more potent than IFN-α/β at controlling rotavirus infection. In contrast, clearance of several other viruses, such as influenza virus, mostly depends on IFN-α/β. The IFN-λ receptor was reported to be preferentially expressed on epithelial cells. Cells responsible for IFN-λ production are still poorly characterized but seem to overlap only partly IFN-α/β-producing cells. Accumulating data suggest that epithelial cells are also important IFN-λ producers. Thus, IFN-λ may primarily act as a protection of mucosal entities, such as the lung, skin or digestive tract. Type I and type III IFN signal transduction pathways largely overlap, and cross talk between these IFN systems occurs. Finally, this review addresses the potential benefit of IFN-λ use for therapeutic purposes and summarizes recent results of genome-wide association studies that identified polymorphisms in the region of the IFN-λ3 gene impacting on the outcome of treatments against hepatitis C virus infection.
authors.affiliation: de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Pascale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hermant
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Michiels
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D007372:Interferons; D007378:Interleukins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009975:Orthomyxoviridae / Q000276:immunology*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D020239:Receptor Cross-Talk; D012401:Rotavirus / Q000276:immunology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy; D000095022:Interferon Lambda
chemical_list: D007372:Interferons; D007378:Interleukins; C000624353:interferon-lambda, human; D000095022:Interferon Lambda; C579163:IFNL4 protein, human
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