title: Acylated phenylethanoid glycosides, echinacoside and acteoside from Cistanche tubulosa, improve glucose tolerance in mice.
abstract: Acylated phenylethanoid glycosides, echinacoside (1) and acteoside (2), principal constituents in stems of Cistanche tubulosa (Orobanchaceae), inhibited the increase in postprandial blood glucose levels in starch-loaded mice at doses of 250-500 mg/kg p.o. These compounds (1 and 2) also significantly improved glucose tolerance in starch-loaded mice after 2 weeks of continuous administration at doses of 125 and/or 250 mg/kg/day p.o. without producing significant changes in body weight or food intake. In addition, several constituents from C. tubulosa, including 1 (IC50 = 3.1 μM), 2 (1.2 μM), isoacteoside (3, 4.6 μM), 2'-acetylacteoside (4, 0.071 μM), tubulosides A (5, 8.8 μM) and B (9, 4.0 μM), syringalide A 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (10, 1.1 μM), campneoside I (13, 0.53 μM), and kankanoside J1 (14, 9.3 μM), demonstrated potent rat lens aldose reductase inhibitory activity. In particular, the potency of compound 4 was similar to that of epalrestat (0.072 μM), a clinical aldose reductase inhibitor.
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Morikawa
authors.forename: Kiyofumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ninomiya
authors.forename: Mio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Imamura
authors.forename: Junji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Akaki
authors.forename: Shota
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujikura
authors.forename: Yingni
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
authors.forename: Xiaoguang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Muraoka
mesh_terms: D000449:Aldehyde Reductase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects*; D031671:Cistanche / Q000737:chemistry*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D005960:Glucosides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006027:Glycosides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000201:enzymology; D051379:Mice; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D059808:Polyphenols
chemical_list: D000449:Aldehyde Reductase; D001786:Blood Glucose; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005960:Glucosides; D006027:Glycosides; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D010636:Phenols; C058956:acteoside; D059808:Polyphenols; C060297:echinacoside
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