title: Bioavailability and pharmacokinetic profile of levofloxacin following intravenous, intramuscular and oral administration in turkeys.
abstract: 1. The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of levofloxacin in turkeys were investigated after a single intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM) and oral (PO) administration of 10 mg/kg body weight. 2. The concentrations of levofloxacin in plasma samples were assayed using a microbiological assay method and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by non-compartmental analysis. 3. Following IV administration, the elimination half-life (t0.5(β)), volume of distribution at steady state (Vdss) and total body clearance (Cl) were 4.49 h, 1.31 l/kg and 0.23 l/h/kg, respectively. 4. After single IM and PO administrations at the same dose, levofloxacin was rapidly absorbed as indicated by an absorption half-life (t0.5ab) of 1.02 and 0.76 h, respectively; maximum plasma concentrations (Cmax) of 5.59 and 5.15 μg/ml were obtained at a maximum time (Tmax) of 2 h for both routes and levofloxacin bioavailability (F) was 96.5 h and 79.9% respectively after IM and PO administration. In vitro plasma protein binding of levofloxacin was 24.3%. 5. Based on these pharmacokinetic parameters, a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight given intramuscularly or orally every 24 h in turkeys can maintain effective plasma concentrations with bacterial infections with (minimum inhibitory concentration) MIC90 > 0.1 μg/ml.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Benha University , 13736 Moshtohor, Toukh , Qalioubeya , Egypt.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aboubakr
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uney
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Elmas
mesh_terms: D065567:Absorption, Physiological; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001682:Biological Availability; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D006207:Half-Life; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular / Q000662:veterinary; D007275:Injections, Intravenous / Q000662:veterinary; D065586:Intramuscular Absorption; D064704:Levofloxacin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000662:veterinary; D014422:Turkeys / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D064704:Levofloxacin