title: Evaluation of larvicidal activity of the essential oil of Allium macrostemon Bunge and its selected major constituent compounds against Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  During the screening programme for new agrochemicals from Chinese medicinal herbs and local wild plants, the essential oil of dried bulbs of Allium macrostemon Bunge (Liliaceae) was found to possess larvicidal activity against mosquitoes. The aim of this research was to determine the larvicidal activity of the essential oil and its major constituent compounds against the larvae of the Culicidae mosquito, Aedes albopictus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Essential oil of A. macrostemon was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromaotography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The activity of the essential oil and its two major constituents were evaluated, using World Health Organization (WHO) procedures, against the fourth instar larvae of Ae. albopictus for 24 h and larval mortalities were recorded at various essential oil/compound concentrations ranging from 9.0 - 150 μg/ml.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The essential oil of A. macrostemon exhibited larvicidal activity against the early fourth instar larvae of Ae. albopictus with an LC₅₀ value of 72.86 μg/ml. The two constituent compounds, dimethyl trisulfide and methyl propyl disulfide possessed strong larvicidal activity against the early fourth instar larvae of Ae. albopictus with LC50 values of 36.36 μg/ml and 86.16 μg/ml, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicated that the essential oil of A. macrostemon and its major constituents have good potential as a source for natural larvicides.
authors.forename: Xin Chao
authors.initials: XC
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Qiyong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Ligang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China. zhilongliu@cau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zhi Long
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes / Q000187:drug effects*; D000490:Allium / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D007306:Insecticides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010938:Plant Oils
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