title: Secular trends in Cherokee cranial morphology: Eastern vs Western bands.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The research objective was to examine if secular trends can be identified for cranial data commissioned by Boas in 1892, specifically for cranial breadth and cranial length of the Eastern and Western band Cherokee who experienced environmental hardships.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multiple regression analysis was used to test the degree of relationship between each of the cranial measures: cranial length, cranial breadth and cephalic index, along with predictor variables (year-of-birth, location, sex, admixture); the model revealed a significant difference for all craniometric variables. Additional regression analysis was performed with smoothing Loess plots to observe cranial length and cranial breadth change over time (year-of-birth) separately for Eastern and Western Cherokee band females and males born between 1783-1874.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This revealed the Western and Eastern bands show a decrease in cranial length over time. Eastern band individuals maintain a relatively constant head breadth, while Western Band individuals show a sharp decline beginning around 1860.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings support negative secular trend occurring for both Cherokee bands where the environment made a detrimental impact; this is especially marked with the Western Cherokee band.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sociology and Anthropology, North Carolina State University , Raleigh NC , USA and.
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sutphin
authors.forename: Ann H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: Richard L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Jantz
mesh_terms: D002508:Cephalometry; D004777:Environment; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American; D008297:Male; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012737:Sex Factors
keywords: Cherokee; cranial morphology; environment; secular trend