title: Vaginal infections among pregnant women at Omdurman Maternity Hospital in Khartoum, Sudan.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Microbial infections of the vagina in pregnant women are health problems that lead to serious medical complications and consequences. This study aimed to investigate and determine antimicrobial susceptibilities of the causative agents of vaginal infections in pregnant women.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study of pregnant women (n = 200) was conducted between August and December 2008 at Omdurman Maternity Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan. Vaginal and cervical swabs were obtained from each subject and processed for isolation and identification of pathogenic microorganisms using standard methods of wet mount preparation, direct Gram smear, Nugent scoring system, direct immunofluorescence, and cultural techniques. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacterial isolates was performed using standard procedures. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS program version 12.0.1. A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 200 pregnant women enrolled, BV was detected in 49.8%, followed by Chlamydia trachomatis (31.3%) and Candida albicans (16.6%), with low frequencies of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (1.8%) and Trichomonas vaginalis (0.5%). Higher infection rates were recorded among subjects in the third trimester (71.6%) than in the second trimester of gestation (28.4%). No significant association (p = 0.7) between history of abortions and C. trachomatis infections was found. Gentamicin was the most active agent against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Clarythromycin was the most active against Mycoplasma species.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pregnant women with vaginal complaints revealed various positive microbiology results. Such cases may require specific medication. Routine culture of vaginal and cervical samples should be performed on all pregnant women during prenatal visits.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Khartoum University, Sudan. nasereldin2001@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Zeinab A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Abdelaziz
authors.forename: Mutasim E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.forename: Naser E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Bilal
authors.forename: Mohamed E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Hamid
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002176:Candida albicans; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology; D060085:Coinfection / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006194:Gardnerella vaginalis / Q000187:drug effects; D006069:Gonorrhea / Q000453:epidemiology; D006771:Hospitals, Maternity; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D019535:Mycoplasma hominis / Q000187:drug effects; D009344:Neisseria gonorrhoeae / Q000187:drug effects; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D015597:Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000469:parasitology*; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third; D015995:Prevalence; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D013292:Streptococcus agalactiae / Q000187:drug effects; D013397:Sudan / Q000453:epidemiology; D014247:Trichomonas Vaginitis / Q000453:epidemiology; D016990:Ureaplasma urealyticum / Q000187:drug effects; D014621:Vagina / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology; D014623:Vaginal Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D016585:Vaginosis, Bacterial / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D014733:Vibrio / Q000187:drug effects; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents