title: Ghrelin is a suppressor of testicular damage following experimentally induced cryptorchidism in the rat.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cryptorchidism is associated with increased level of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation. This study was undertaken to examine the possible ghrelin ability in attenuation of testicular damage in response to elevated temperature.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty male rats were subdivided into sham-operated, cryptorchidism-saline and cryptorchidism-ghrelin group. Bilateral cryptorchidism was induced in groups 2 and 3, surgically. The animals in group 3 were given ghrelin for 7 days and all testes were taken for biochemical and photomicrograph analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Glutathione peroxidase activity and glutathione content significantly promoted on day 7 in the cryptorchid rats treated by ghrelin. Catalase activity was higher in the ghrelin-exposed animals than the cryptorchidism-saline group on both experimental days. Although superoxide dismutase activity was elevated by ghrelin treatment on both days, it did not differ significantly. By contrast, significant reduction was observed in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances concentrations following ghrelin administration on day 7. Moreover, ghrelin could improve histopathological scores of the testes, and diminished formation of giant cells and tubular vacuolization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings indicate for the first time the novel evidence of ghrelin antioxidant properties in attenuation of rat testicular injury following experimentally induced cryptorchidism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, P.O. Box: 465, Khorram Abad, Iran. Electronic address: arashkheradmand@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Arash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kheradmand
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, P.O. Box: 465, Khorram Abad, Iran.
authors.forename: Omid
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Dezfoulian
authors.affiliation: Division of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, P.O. Box: 465, Khorram Abad, Iran.
authors.forename: Masoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alirezaei
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorram Abad, Iran.
authors.forename: Babak
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hadian
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D003456:Cryptorchidism / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D054439:Ghrelin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D013737:Testis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D054439:Ghrelin; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione
keywords: Antioxidant properties; Cryptorchidism; Ghrelin; Oxidative stress