title: Morus alba L. suppresses the development of atopic dermatitis induced by the house dust mite in NC/Nga mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Morus alba, a medicinal plant in Asia, has been used traditionally to treat diabetes mellitus and hypoglycemia. However, the effects of M. alba extract (MAE) on atopic dermatitis have not been verified scientifically. We investigated the effects of MAE on atopic dermatitis through in vitro and in vivo experiments.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated the effects of MAE on the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in RAW 264.7, as well as thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC/CCL17) in HaCaT cells. In an in vivo experiment, atopic dermatitis was induced by topical application of house dust mites for four weeks, and the protective effects of MAE were investigated by measuring the severity of the skin reaction on the back and ears, the plasma levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE) and histamine, and histopathological changes in the skin on the back and ears.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MAE suppressed the production of NO and PGE2 in RAW 264.7 cells, as well as TARC in HaCaT cells, in a dose-dependent manner. MAE treatment of NC/Nga mice reduced the severity of dermatitis and the plasma levels of IgE and histamine. MAE also reduced the histological manifestations of atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions such as erosion, hyperplasia of the epidermis and dermis, and inflammatory cell infiltration in the skin on the back and ears.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that MAE has potent inhibitory effects on atopic dermatitis-like lesion and may be a beneficial natural resource for the treatment of atopic dermatitis.
authors.forename: Hye-Sun
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Hyekyung
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.forename: Hoyoung
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jun Kyung
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Mee-Young
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Herbal Medicine Formulation Research Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea. hkshin@kiom.re.kr.
authors.forename: Hyeun-Kyoo
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Shin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D054414:Chemokine CCL17 / Q000276:immunology; D003876:Dermatitis, Atopic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006632:Histamine / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D031625:Morus / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D039981:Pyroglyphidae / Q000276:immunology*; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology
chemical_list: D054414:Chemokine CCL17; D010936:Plant Extracts; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D006632:Histamine
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