title: [Anatomical studying of the tear trough area].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the mechanism of the aging deformity of tear trough through the anatomic study of the tear trough region.
  
  
  METHODS
  13 adult cadaveric heads (26 sides), including 9 male heads (18 sides) and 4 female heads (8 sides), aged 22-78 years old, were used. Anatomic study was performed around the orbital, especially tear trough region, with microsurgery instrument under microscope( x 10 times). The lower orbicularis retaining ligament was dissected and exposed. The anatomic location was recorded and photographed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  (1) The anatomic layers of the tear trough region contains skin, subcutaneous tissue, orbicularis oculi muscle, periosteal membrane. There is no subcutaneous fat above the tear trough, while it exists below the tear trough, called malar fat pad. (2) There is a natural boundary between the septal and the orbital portions of the orbicularis oculi muscle of lower eyelid at surface of the orbital bone. The natural boundary, projected on the body surface corresponds to tear trough. The width of boundary is (2.06 +/- 0.15) mm on the vertical line through inner canthus and (3.25 +/- 0.12) mm on the vertical line through the lateral margin of the ala. The septal portion and the orbital portion of the orbicularis oculi muscle began to merge in (16.56 +/- 0.51) mm to inner canthus. (3) There is ligament attachment in the medial, upper and lower orbital and no ligament attachment in the lateral orbital. Orbicularis retaining ligament of lower eyelid is divided into two layers. (4) The medial of the upper layer of the orbicularis retaining ligament in lower eyelid originates from orbital margin and from preorbital walls laterally in (16.10 +/- 0.43) mm to the medial of lateral orbital margin, through orbicularis oculi muscle and ends at the skin. The lower layer of the orbicularis retaining ligament of lower eyelid originates from preorbital walls through orbicularis oculi muscle and its superficial fat, then ends at the skin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The length of tear trough is (16.56 +/- 0.51) mm, the width of tear trough is (2.06 +/- 0.15) mm and (3.25 +/- 0.12) mm on the vertical line through inner canthus and the lateral margin of the ala nasi respectively. The main reason of the aging deformity of tear trough attributes to the increased distance between the upper and lower layers of the orbicularis retaining ligament in lower eyelid, which is caused by loose of the orbicularis retaining ligament and its underlying fat atrophy or decline.
authors.forename: Ningze
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: Zhijun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xiaowei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Huafeng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: Heng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging; D002610:Cheek / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005143:Eyelids / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007765:Lacrimal Apparatus / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055815:Young Adult