title: Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection induces intestinal epithelial cell autophagy.
abstract: The morbidity and mortality in piglets caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) results in large economic losses to the swine industry, but the precise pathogenesis of ETEC-associated diseases remains unknown. Intestinal epithelial cell autophagy serves as a host defense against pathogens. We found that ETEC induced autophagy, as measured by both the increased punctae distribution of GFP-LC3 and the enhanced conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II. Inhibiting autophagy resulted in decreased survival of IPEC-1 cells infected with ETEC. ETEC triggered autophagy in IPEC-1 cells through a pathway involving the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), and the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK).
authors.affiliation: Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Research Center of Healthy Breeding Livestock & Poultry, Hunan Engineering & Research Center of Animal & Poultry Science, Key Lab Agro-ecology Processing Subtropical Region, Scientific Observational and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: tangyulong@isa.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Yulong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Research Center of Healthy Breeding Livestock & Poultry, Hunan Engineering & Research Center of Animal & Poultry Science, Key Lab Agro-ecology Processing Subtropical Region, Scientific Observational and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Fengna
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Research Center of Healthy Breeding Livestock & Poultry, Hunan Engineering & Research Center of Animal & Poultry Science, Key Lab Agro-ecology Processing Subtropical Region, Scientific Observational and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Bie
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Research Center of Healthy Breeding Livestock & Poultry, Hunan Engineering & Research Center of Animal & Poultry Science, Key Lab Agro-ecology Processing Subtropical Region, Scientific Observational and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Research Center of Healthy Breeding Livestock & Poultry, Hunan Engineering & Research Center of Animal & Poultry Science, Key Lab Agro-ecology Processing Subtropical Region, Scientific Observational and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiangfeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
authors.forename: Philip R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Hardwidge
authors.affiliation: Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Research Center of Healthy Breeding Livestock & Poultry, Hunan Engineering & Research Center of Animal & Poultry Science, Key Lab Agro-ecology Processing Subtropical Region, Scientific Observational and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: yinyulong@isa.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Yulong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yin
mesh_terms: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001343:Autophagy / Q000502:physiology*; D002460:Cell Line; D054307:Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli / Q000502:physiology*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000502:physiology; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases
keywords: Autophagy; Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli; IPEC-1