title: Acquired microcephaly in blepharophimosis-ptosis-epicanthus inversus syndrome because of an interstitial 3q22.3q23 deletion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Blepharophimosis-ptosis-epicanthus inversus syndrome is an autosomal dominant condition because of mutations or deletions of the FOXL2 gene. Microcephaly is not associated with FOXL2 mutations but has been reported in individuals with chromosome 3q deletions, which include the FOXL2 gene and other contiguous genes. The ATR gene has been reported as a candidate gene for microcephaly in individuals with contiguous deletion of chromosome 3q involving the FOXL2 gene.
  
  
  METHODS
  We describe a girl with blepharophimosis-ptosis-epicanthus inversus syndrome along with acquired microcephaly and intellectual disability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our patient had a deletion of chromosome 3q22.2q23, which does not include the ATR gene but does include the PIK3CB gene as a candidate gene for microcephaly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We propose that the PIK3CB gene included in our patient's chromosome 3q deletion may be the gene responsible for microcephaly and other patients with blepharophimosis-ptosis-epicanthus inversus syndrome because of a chromosome 3q deletion.
authors.affiliation: College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina. Electronic address: s.joy.dean@vanderbilt.edu.
authors.forename: Sarah J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Dean
authors.affiliation: Neurosciences (Neurology) and Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, South Carolina.
authors.forename: Kenton R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Holden
authors.affiliation: Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, South Carolina.
authors.forename: Alka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dwivedi
authors.affiliation: Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, South Carolina.
authors.forename: Barbara R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Dupont
authors.affiliation: Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, South Carolina.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lyons
mesh_terms: D016569:Blepharophimosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D002872:Chromosome Deletion; D002893:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3; D058534:Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D008831:Microcephaly / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000235:genetics; D012868:Skin Abnormalities / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D014564:Urogenital Abnormalities
chemical_list: D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D058534:Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; C497132:PIK3CB protein, human
keywords: PIK3CB; blepharophimosis-ptosis-epicanthus inversus; deletion; microcephaly