title: Care of the liver transplant patient.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To provide an approach to the care of liver transplant (LT) patients, a growing patient population with unique needs.
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature search of PubMed for guidelines and review articles using the keywords "liver transplantation", "long term complications" and "medical management" was conducted, resulting in 77 articles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As a result of being on immunosuppression, LT recipients are at increased risk of infections and must be screened regularly for metabolic complications and malignancies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although immunosuppression is key to maintaining allograft health after transplantation, it comes with its own set of medical issues to follow. Physicians following LT recipients must be aware of the greater risk for hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, renal failure, metabolic bone disease and malignancies in these patients, all of whom require regular monitoring and screening. Vaccination, quality of life, sexual function and pregnancy must be specifically addressed in transplant patients.
authors.forename: Mamatha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bhat
authors.forename: Said
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Al-Busafi
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Deschênes
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ghali
mesh_terms: D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000209:etiology; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000209:etiology; D058625:End Stage Liver Disease / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000209:etiology; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011788:Quality of Life; D012008:Recurrence; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000209:etiology; D019529:Sexuality
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents
references.citation: J Hepatol. 2014 Mar;60(3):681
references.pmid: 24216445
references.citation: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008 Apr 16;(2):CD003774
references.pmid: 18425894
references.citation: Liver Transpl Surg. 1998 Jul;4(4):285-96
references.pmid: 9649642
references.citation: Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2004 Mar;59(3):214-22
references.pmid: 15105711
references.citation: Liver Transpl. 2000 Nov;6(6):671-85
references.pmid: 11084052
references.citation: Obstet Gynecol. 2003 Jul;102(1):121-8
references.pmid: 12850617
references.citation: Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009 Jan;6(1):23-36
references.pmid: 19029996
references.citation: Pediatr Transplant. 2006 Feb;10(1):78-82
references.pmid: 16499592
references.citation: Liver Transpl. 2002 Jun;8(6):519-26
references.pmid: 12037782
references.citation: Transplantation. 2000 Mar 15;69(5):781-9
references.pmid: 10755526
references.citation: Dermatol Surg. 2004 Apr;30(4 Pt 2):622-7
references.pmid: 15061846
references.citation: J Clin Gastroenterol. 2001 Feb;32(2):148-50
references.pmid: 11205651
references.citation: Liver Transpl. 2006 Oct;12(10):1478-84
references.pmid: 16741905
references.citation: Ann Hepatol. 2013 Mar-Apr;12(2):282-93
references.pmid: 23396740
references.citation: Liver Transpl. 2004 Jul;10(7):886-97
references.pmid: 15237373
references.citation: Liver Transpl. 2009 Dec;15(12):1834-42
references.pmid: 19938137
references.citation: Am J Transplant. 2009 Sep;9(9):1988-2003
references.pmid: 19563332
references.citation: Hepatology. 2004 Jun;39(6):1655-62
references.pmid: 15185307
references.citation: Liver Transpl. 2001 Apr;7(4):363-73
references.pmid: 11303298
references.citation: World J Gastroenterol. 2013 Sep 28;19(36):5953-63
references.pmid: 24106395
references.citation: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004;(3):CD004291
references.pmid: 15266524
references.citation: Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2013 Feb;37(4):411-9
references.pmid: 23278125
references.citation: Liver Transpl. 2007 Feb;13(2):197-205
references.pmid: 17205563
references.citation: J Hepatol. 2011 Mar;54(3):462-70
references.pmid: 21109324
references.citation: Liver Transpl. 2006 Dec;12(12):1813-24
references.pmid: 17031826
references.citation: Hepatology. 2000 Oct;32(4 Pt 1):852-8
references.pmid: 11003634
references.citation: Am J Transplant. 2011 Nov;11(11):2372-8
references.pmid: 21883908
references.citation: Gastroenterology. 2008 May;134(6):1699-714
references.pmid: 18471548
references.citation: Liver Transpl. 2012 Oct;18(10):1147-53
references.pmid: 22740341
references.citation: Transplant Sci. 1994 Sep;4(1):61-79
references.pmid: 7804700
references.citation: Liver Transpl. 2007 Sep;13(9):1330-8
references.pmid: 17763388
references.citation: Am J Transplant. 2013 Feb;13(2):253-65
references.pmid: 23331505
references.citation: J Hepatol. 2014 Jan;60(1):78-86
references.pmid: 23994384
references.citation: J Hepatol. 1996 Jul;25(1):64-71
references.pmid: 8836903
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2003 Sep 4;349(10):931-40
references.pmid: 12954741
references.citation: Am J Transplant. 2006;6(5 Pt 2):1111-31
references.pmid: 16613591
references.citation: Curr Pharm Des. 2006;12(36):4771-83
references.pmid: 17168777
references.citation: Transplant Proc. 1995 Feb;27(1):1226-7
references.pmid: 7878857
references.citation: Liver Transpl Surg. 1997 Jan;3(1):1-9
references.pmid: 9377752
references.citation: Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2005 Oct;56(1):155-67
references.pmid: 15979320
references.citation: Hepatology. 1995 Jan;21(1):140-4
references.pmid: 7806148
references.citation: Hepatology. 2005 Jul;42(1):63-71
references.pmid: 15892090
references.citation: Hepatology. 2012 Sep;56(3):972-81
references.pmid: 22290335
references.citation: Clin Transpl. 2008;:89-105
references.pmid: 19708448
references.citation: Clin Transplant. 2008 Jan-Feb;22(1):113-9
references.pmid: 18217912
references.citation: Liver Transpl Surg. 1996 Mar;2(2):148-53
references.pmid: 9346641
references.citation: Transplantation. 2002 Aug 27;74(4):543-50
references.pmid: 12352917
references.citation: Liver Transpl. 2005 Nov;(11 Suppl 2):S52-6
references.pmid: 16237716
references.citation: Am J Kidney Dis. 2002 Feb;39(2 Suppl 1):S1-266
references.pmid: 11904577
references.citation: Am J Gastroenterol. 2013 Jun;108(6):942-8
references.pmid: 23629601
references.citation: Int J Cardiol. 2011 Oct 6;152(1):4-6
references.pmid: 21215474
references.citation: Transplantation. 2005 Nov 15;80(9):1198-203
references.pmid: 16314786
references.citation: Transplantation. 2006 Dec 27;82(12):1625-8
references.pmid: 17198248
references.citation: Diabetes Care. 2004 Mar;27(3):805-12
references.pmid: 14988309
references.citation: Am J Transplant. 2007 Apr;7(4):1003-9
references.pmid: 17286618
references.citation: Gastroenterology. 2014 Feb;146(2):430-41.e6
references.pmid: 24184810
references.citation: Am J Transplant. 2012 Mar;12(3):531-8
references.pmid: 22123496