title: Characterization of PPMUCL1/2/3, three members of a new oomycete-specific mucin-like protein family residing in Phytophthora parasitica biofilm.
abstract: The plant pathogen Phytophthora parasitica forms a biofilm on the host surface. The biofilm transcriptome is characterized by the expression of PPMUCL1/2/3 (PHYTOPHTHORA PARASITICA MUCIN-LIKE) genes, which we report here to be members of a new, large mucin-like gene family restricted to the oomycete lineage. These genes encode secreted proteins organized into two domains. The NH2-terminal domain is highly conserved, but of unknown function. The second domain is a mucin-like domain enriched in threonine and serine residues, with a large number of putative O-glycosylation sites and a repeated motif defining 15 subgroups among the 315 members of the family. The second domain was found to be glycosylated in the recombinant rPPMUCL1 and rPPMUCL2 proteins. An analysis of PPMUCL1/2/3 gene expression indicated that these genes were expressed in a specific and coordinated manner in the biofilm. A novel cis-motif (R) bound to nuclear proteins, suggesting a possible role in PPMUCL1/2/3 gene regulation. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that the PPMUCL1/2 proteins were secreted and accumulated on the surface of the biofilm. Our data demonstrate that PPMUCL1/2/3 belong to a new oomycete-specific family of mucin-like proteins playing a structural role in the biofilm extracellular matrix.
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1355 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France; University Nice Sophia Antipolis, ISA, UMR 1355, 06900 Sophia Antipolis, France; CNRS, UMR 7254, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France.
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Larousse
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1355 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France; University Nice Sophia Antipolis, ISA, UMR 1355, 06900 Sophia Antipolis, France; CNRS, UMR 7254, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Govetto
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1355 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France; University Nice Sophia Antipolis, ISA, UMR 1355, 06900 Sophia Antipolis, France; CNRS, UMR 7254, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France.
authors.forename: Aurélie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Séassau
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1355 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France; University Nice Sophia Antipolis, ISA, UMR 1355, 06900 Sophia Antipolis, France; CNRS, UMR 7254, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Etienne
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1355 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France; University Nice Sophia Antipolis, ISA, UMR 1355, 06900 Sophia Antipolis, France; CNRS, UMR 7254, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France.
authors.forename: Benoit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Industri
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1355 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France; University Nice Sophia Antipolis, ISA, UMR 1355, 06900 Sophia Antipolis, France; CNRS, UMR 7254, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Theodorakopoulos
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1355 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France; University Nice Sophia Antipolis, ISA, UMR 1355, 06900 Sophia Antipolis, France; CNRS, UMR 7254, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France.
authors.forename: Emeline
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Deleury
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1355 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France; University Nice Sophia Antipolis, ISA, UMR 1355, 06900 Sophia Antipolis, France; CNRS, UMR 7254, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France.
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ponchet
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1355 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France; University Nice Sophia Antipolis, ISA, UMR 1355, 06900 Sophia Antipolis, France; CNRS, UMR 7254, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France.
authors.forename: Franck
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Panabières
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1355 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France; University Nice Sophia Antipolis, ISA, UMR 1355, 06900 Sophia Antipolis, France; CNRS, UMR 7254, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France. Electronic address: galiana@sophia.inra.fr.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Galiana
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D018441:Biofilms; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009077:Mucins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005810:Multigene Family; D010838:Phytophthora / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D009077:Mucins
keywords: MUC; Mucin; Phytophthora parasitica; biofilm.; multigene family; oomycete