title: Long-term results after resection of bronchial carcinoid tumour: evaluation of survival and prognostic factors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We retrospectively analysed morbidity, mortality and oncological results of patients who had undergone surgery for bronchial carcinoid tumours.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 2002 and 2012, 65 patients with bronchial carcinoids underwent lobectomy (n = 34), sublobar resection (segmentectomy/wedge) (n = 18), sleeve lobectomy (n = 5) (reconstruction of the pulmonary artery was associated in 1 case), sleeve resection of the main bronchus (n = 4) or pneumonectomy (n = 4) (reconstruction of the carina was associated in 1 case).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Resection was radical with histologically negative margins in all patients (R0). Histology showed typical carcinoid (TC) in 55 (84.6%) patients and atypical carcinoid (AC) in 10 (15.4%) patients. Final pathological stages were Stage I in 42 (64.6%) patients, Stage II in 18 (27.7%) and Stage III in 5 (7.7%). No postoperative mortality was observed. The postoperative morbidity rate was 15.4% (no bronchial and/or vascular reconstructive-related complications occurred). The median follow-up was 58 (range 2-121) months. The overall recurrence rate was 12.3% (n = 8). The survival rate at 5 years was 100% for TC and 87% for AC. Disease-free survival rates at 3 and 5 years were 95 and 93% for TC and 78 and 44% for AC, respectively (P = 0.004). Pathological nodal involvement (pN1-N2) did not affect overall survival or recurrence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The surgical treatment of bronchial carcinoids provides high long-term survival rates. Low postoperative morbidity and mortality can be expected even after bronchial reconstruction. The AC appears to be the main factor that determines the risk of recurrence. Bronchial reconstructive lung sparing operations are not related to an increased recurrence rate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy giuliomaurizi@libero.it.
authors.forename: Giulio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Maurizi
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Andreetti
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: D'Andrilli
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Anna Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ciccone
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Leda Marina
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Pomes
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Menna
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Marianna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pellegrini
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy Spencer-Cenci Lorillard Foundation, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Venuta
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy Spencer-Cenci Lorillard Foundation, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Erino Angelo
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Rendina
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001984:Bronchial Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002276:Carcinoid Tumor / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011013:Pneumonectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods / Q000401:mortality; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Bronchial carcinoid; Recurrence; Sleeve lobectomy