title: A composite demineralized bone matrix--self assembling peptide scaffold for enhancing cell and growth factor activity in bone marrow.
abstract: The need for suitable bone grafts is high; however, there are limitations to all current graft sources, such as limited availability, the invasive harvest procedure, insufficient osteoinductive properties, poor biocompatibility, ethical problems, and degradation properties. The lack of osteoinductive properties is a common problem. As an allogenic bone graft, demineralized bone matrix (DBM) can overcome issues such as limited sources and comorbidities caused by invasive harvest; however, DBM is not sufficiently osteoinductive. Bone marrow has been known to magnify osteoinductive components for bone reconstruction because it contains osteogenic cells and factors. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from bone marrow are the gold standard for cell seeding in tissue-engineered biomaterials for bone repair, and these cells have demonstrated beneficial effects. However, the associated high cost and the complicated procedures limit the use of tissue-engineered bone constructs. To easily enrich more osteogenic cells and factors to DBM by selective cell retention technology, DBM is modified by a nanoscale self-assembling peptide (SAP) to form a composite DBM/SAP scaffold. By decreasing the pore size and increasing the charge interaction, DBM/SAP scaffolds possess a much higher enriching yield for osteogenic cells and factors compared with DBM alone scaffolds. At the same time, SAP can build a cellular microenvironment for cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation that promotes bone reconstruction. As a result, a suitable bone graft fabricated by DBM/SAP scaffolds and bone marrow represents a new strategy and product for bone transplantation in the clinic.
authors.affiliation: National & Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Center of Regenetive and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China; Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China. Electronic address: tianyonghou@126.com.
authors.forename: Tianyong
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: National & Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Center of Regenetive and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China; Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China; Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Chengdu Military Commanding Region, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Zhiqiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: National & Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Center of Regenetive and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China; Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China. Electronic address: luofly1009@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: National & Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Center of Regenetive and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China; Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Zhao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: National & Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Center of Regenetive and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China; Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Xuehui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: National & Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Center of Regenetive and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China; Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Junchao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.affiliation: National & Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Center of Regenetive and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China; Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China; Department of Biomedical Materials Science, College of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Shiwu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: National & Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Center of Regenetive and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China; Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China. Electronic address: jianzhong_xu@126.com.
authors.forename: Jianzhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D001857:Bone Matrix / Q000737:chemistry*; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000737:chemistry*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology; D008819:Mice, Nude; D010012:Osteogenesis; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry*; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes; D010455:Peptides
keywords: Demineralized bone matrix; Nanoscale biomaterials; Selective cell retention; Self-assembling peptide; Tissue-engineered bone