title: Ectopic expression of a maize hybrid down-regulated gene ZmARF25 decreases organ size by affecting cellular proliferation in Arabidopsis.
abstract: Heterosis is associated with differential gene expression between hybrids and their parental lines, and the genes involved in cell proliferation played important roles. AtARF2 is a general cell proliferation repressor in Arabidopsis. In our previous study, two homologues (ZmARF10 and ZmARF25) of AtARF2 were identified in maize, but their relationship with heterosis was not elucidated. Here, the expression patterns of ZmARF10 and ZmARF25 in seedling leaves of maize hybrids and their parental lines were analyzed. The results of qRT-PCR exhibited that ZmARF25 was down-regulated in leaf basal region of hybrids. Moreover, overexpression of ZmARF25 led to reduced organ size in Arabidopsis, which was mainly due to the decrease in cell number, not cell size. In addition, the cell proliferation related genes AtANT, AtGIF1 and AtGRF5 were down-regulated in 35S::ZmARF25 transgenic lines. Collectively, we proposed that the down-regulation of ZmARF25 in maize hybrid may accelerate cell proliferation and promote leaf development, which, in turn, contributes to the observed leaf size heterosis in maize.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Chuan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Lingxue
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jiewen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Tianya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yingyin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Huiru
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Zhaorong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Qixin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Zhongfu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ni
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000166:cytology* / Q000235:genetics; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000235:genetics*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D017343:Genes, Plant; D006824:Hybridization, Genetic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009929:Organ Size / Q000235:genetics; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D036226:Seedlings / Q000235:genetics; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D003313:Zea mays / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins
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