title: Urologic stenting-induced trauma: a comprehensive review and case series.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize traumatic injuries secondary to ureteral stent manipulation and analyze factors associated with their occurrence.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a comprehensive retrospective review of the literature and of our institutional records for occurrences of iatrogenic injury because of retrograde ureteral stent procedures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 22 cases were identified, including 3 cases at our institution. Most injuries involved a major artery (52%) or vein (30%), with the remainder (17%) limited to the genitourinary tract. Associated factors included: hydronephrosis, pelvic malignancy, indwelling or chronic ureteral stents, chemoradiation, and urinary diversion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ureteral stenting-induced trauma is a rare but potentially life-threatening event. Recognition of the risk factors that predispose patients to iatrogenic stent trauma may help to prevent such injuries or, alternatively, it may facilitate their prompt diagnosis and treatment.
authors.affiliation: Urology Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH.
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Maurice
authors.affiliation: Urology Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH. Electronic address: edward.cherullo@uhhospitals.org.
authors.forename: Edward E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Cherullo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000293:injuries*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015607:Stents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014566:Urogenital System / Q000293:injuries*; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation*