title: C-reactive protein and subclinical cardiovascular disease among African-Americans: (the Jackson Heart Study).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Systemic inflammation has been implicated as an early marker for subclinical cardiovascular disease; however, findings have been inconsistent in the African-American population.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the relation of C-reactive protein (CRP) to subclinical disease in African-American participants of the Jackson Heart Study first examination. Subclinical disease evaluated included aortic valve calcification (AVC), carotid intima-medial thickness (IMT) and peripheral arterial disease (PAD). We assessed the relation of CRP to subclinical disease, adjusting for age, BMI, sex, SBP and DBP, diabetes, total/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, smoking, antihypertensive therapy, lipid-lowering therapy and hormone replacement therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the study population approximately, 5.1% of participants had AVC and 6.7% had PAD. In the age-adjusted and sex-adjusted model, CRP was significantly related to AVC (P = 0.02) and carotid IMT (P = 0.02). However, in the multivariable-adjusted logistic regression analysis, CRP was significantly related to AVC (P = 0.02) and to PAD (P = 0.04) but not to carotid IMT (P = 0.18).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We describe significant associations between CRP and AVC and PAD in a population-based cohort of African-Americans.
authors.affiliation: aSchool of Health Sciences bRTRN Data Coordinating Center, Jackson State University cUniversity of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.
authors.forename: Jung Hye
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.forename: Jae Eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Tandaw E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Samdarshi
authors.forename: Harsha S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Nagarajarao
authors.forename: Jason K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Khushboo K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Agrawal
authors.forename: Herman A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Ervin R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Fox
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D000368:Aged; D058070:Asymptomatic Diseases; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis*; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000097:blood / Q000208:ethnology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000208:ethnology; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008922:Mississippi / Q000453:epidemiology; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D058729:Peripheral Arterial Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000208:ethnology; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
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