title: Faecal microbiota composition in adults is associated with the FUT2 gene determining the secretor status.
abstract: The human intestine is colonised with highly diverse and individually defined microbiota, which likely has an impact on the host well-being. Drivers of the individual variation in the microbiota compositions are multifactorial and include environmental, host and dietary factors. We studied the impact of the host secretor status, encoded by fucosyltransferase 2 (FUT2) -gene, on the intestinal microbiota composition. Secretor status determines the expression of the ABH and Lewis histo-blood group antigens in the intestinal mucosa. The study population was comprised of 14 non-secretor (FUT2 rs601338 genotype AA) and 57 secretor (genotypes GG and AG) adult individuals of western European descent. Intestinal microbiota was analyzed by PCR-DGGE and for a subset of 12 non-secretor subjects and 12 secretor subjects additionally by the 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing and the HITChip phylogenetic microarray analysis. All three methods showed distinct clustering of the intestinal microbiota and significant differences in abundances of several taxa representing dominant microbiota between the non-secretors and the secretors as well as between the FUT2 genotypes. In addition, the non-secretors had lower species richness than the secretors. The soft clustering of microbiota into enterotypes (ET) 1 and 3 showed that the non-secretors had a higher probability of belonging to ET1 and the secretors to ET3. Our study shows that secretor status and FUT2 polymorphism are associated with the composition of human intestinal microbiota, and appears thus to be one of the key drivers affecting the individual variation of human intestinal microbiota.
authors.affiliation: Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Pirjo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wacklin
authors.affiliation: Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Jarno
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tuimala
authors.affiliation: Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Janne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nikkilä
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.lastname: Sebastian Tims
authors.affiliation: Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Harri
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mäkivuokko
authors.affiliation: Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Noora
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Alakulppi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Pia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Laine
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Mirjana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rajilic-Stojanovic
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Paulin
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Willem M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: de Vos
authors.affiliation: Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Jaana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mättö
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D058645:Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology*; D005647:Fucosyltransferases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D064307:Microbiota / Q000235:genetics*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010802:Phylogeny; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D000097631:Galactoside 2-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase
chemical_list: D005647:Fucosyltransferases; D000097631:Galactoside 2-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase
references.citation: FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2004 Jan 15;230(1):1-7
references.pmid: 14734158
references.citation: Nucleic Acids Res. 2007;35(21):7188-96
references.pmid: 17947321
references.citation: Nature. 2011 May 12;473(7346):174-80
references.pmid: 21508958
references.citation: Nutr Rev. 2012 Aug;70 Suppl 1:S45-56
references.pmid: 22861807
references.citation: Int Rev Immunol. 2011 Aug;30(4):207-18
references.pmid: 21787226
references.citation: Bioinformatics. 2003 Jan 22;19(2):185-93
references.pmid: 12538238
references.citation: Infect Immun. 2004 Jul;72(7):4279-81
references.pmid: 15213174
references.citation: J Clin Invest. 1976 Jan;57(1):63-73
references.pmid: 54365
references.citation: J Gastroenterol. 2011 Sep;46(9):1056-63
references.pmid: 21725903
references.citation: Environ Microbiol. 2012 Oct 15;:
references.pmid: 23286720
references.citation: Gut. 2011 Oct;60(10):1354-62
references.pmid: 21421666
references.citation: Gut. 2013 Jun;62(6):952-4
references.pmid: 23297005
references.citation: Cell Host Microbe. 2011 Nov 17;10(5):507-14
references.pmid: 22036470
references.citation: PLoS Comput Biol. 2013;9(1):e1002863
references.pmid: 23326225
references.citation: Nat Rev Microbiol. 2011 Apr;9(4):279-90
references.pmid: 21407244
references.citation: J Infect. 2012 Oct;65(4):310-7
references.pmid: 22664149
references.citation: Nat Rev Microbiol. 2012 Apr 11;10(5):323-35
references.pmid: 22491358
references.citation: Oecologia. 2001 Oct;129(2):271-280
references.pmid: 28547606
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Oct 15;110(42):17059-64
references.pmid: 24062455
references.citation: Diabetes. 2011 Nov;60(11):3081-4
references.pmid: 22025780
references.citation: Appl Environ Microbiol. 2009 Dec;75(23):7537-41
references.pmid: 19801464
references.citation: Gastroenterology. 2011 Nov;141(5):1792-801
references.pmid: 21820992
references.citation: ISME J. 2013 Apr;7(4):707-17
references.pmid: 23190729
references.citation: PLoS One. 2011;6(5):e20113
references.pmid: 21625510
references.citation: PLoS One. 2012;7(6):e34242
references.pmid: 22719824
references.citation: Vox Sang. 1995;69(3):166-82
references.pmid: 8578728
references.citation: Nature. 2012 May 09;486(7402):222-7
references.pmid: 22699611
references.citation: Nature. 2008 Oct 23;455(7216):1109-13
references.pmid: 18806780
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Nov 22;108(47):19030-5
references.pmid: 22068912
references.citation: Res Microbiol. 2006 Sep;157(7):659-65
references.pmid: 16631357
references.citation: Tissue Antigens. 2012 Dec;80(6):488-93
references.pmid: 23075394
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2005 Mar 4;280(9):7720-8
references.pmid: 15618227
references.citation: Science. 2011 Oct 7;334(6052):105-8
references.pmid: 21885731
references.citation: J Bacteriol. 2004 Aug;186(15):4885-93
references.pmid: 15262925
references.citation: Nature. 2009 Jan 22;457(7228):480-4
references.pmid: 19043404
references.citation: BMC Microbiol. 2012 Jun 06;12:94
references.pmid: 22672382
references.citation: ISME J. 2012 Aug;6(8):1449-58
references.pmid: 22437156
references.citation: Environ Microbiol. 2009 Jul;11(7):1736-51
references.pmid: 19508560
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 1989 Mar 23;320(12):773-7
references.pmid: 2922027
references.citation: Hum Mol Genet. 2010 Sep 1;19(17):3468-76
references.pmid: 20570966
references.citation: Genetics. 1992 Jun;131(2):479-91
references.pmid: 1644282
references.citation: PLoS One. 2011 Mar 03;6(3):e16876
references.pmid: 21390229
references.citation: Gastroenterology. 2010 Dec;139(6):1844-1854.e1
references.pmid: 20816835
references.citation: Bioinformatics. 2010 Feb 1;26(3):419-20
references.pmid: 20080509
references.citation: Science. 1993 Dec 17;262(5141):1892-5
references.pmid: 8018146
references.citation: Appl Environ Microbiol. 2011 Mar;77(6):2071-80
references.pmid: 21257804
references.citation: Appl Environ Microbiol. 1998 Oct;64(10):4084-8
references.pmid: 9758849
references.citation: Nature. 2013 Oct 3;502(7469):96-9
references.pmid: 23995682
references.citation: PLoS One. 2009 Aug 20;4(8):e6669
references.pmid: 19693277
references.citation: Artif Cells Blood Substit Immobil Biotechnol. 2004 May;32(2):263-74
references.pmid: 15274432