title: Genome and transcriptome analysis of the fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense causing banana vascular wilt disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The asexual fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) causing vascular wilt disease is one of the most devastating pathogens of banana (Musa spp.). To understand the molecular underpinning of pathogenicity in Foc, the genomes and transcriptomes of two Foc isolates were sequenced.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Genome analysis revealed that the genome structures of race 1 and race 4 isolates were highly syntenic with those of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici strain Fol4287. A large number of putative virulence associated genes were identified in both Foc genomes, including genes putatively involved in root attachment, cell degradation, detoxification of toxin, transport, secondary metabolites biosynthesis and signal transductions. Importantly, relative to the Foc race 1 isolate (Foc1), the Foc race 4 isolate (Foc4) has evolved with some expanded gene families of transporters and transcription factors for transport of toxins and nutrients that may facilitate its ability to adapt to host environments and contribute to pathogenicity to banana. Transcriptome analysis disclosed a significant difference in transcriptional responses between Foc1 and Foc4 at 48 h post inoculation to the banana 'Brazil' in comparison with the vegetative growth stage. Of particular note, more virulence-associated genes were up regulated in Foc4 than in Foc1. Several signaling pathways like the mitogen-activated protein kinase Fmk1 mediated invasion growth pathway, the FGA1-mediated G protein signaling pathway and a pathogenicity associated two-component system were activated in Foc4 rather than in Foc1. Together, these differences in gene content and transcription response between Foc1 and Foc4 might account for variation in their virulence during infection of the banana variety 'Brazil'.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Foc genome sequences will facilitate us to identify pathogenicity mechanism involved in the banana vascular wilt disease development. These will thus advance us develop effective methods for managing the banana vascular wilt disease, including improvement of disease resistance in banana.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural and Forest Invasive Alien Pests, Ministry of Agriculture, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China.
authors.forename: Lijia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Lijuan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural and Forest Invasive Alien Pests, Ministry of Agriculture, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China.
authors.forename: Laying
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China.
authors.forename: Huicai
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Dingding
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Yabin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural and Forest Invasive Alien Pests, Ministry of Agriculture, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China.
authors.forename: Guofen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Chunfang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Xuanting
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Dajie
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Peixiang
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural and Forest Invasive Alien Pests, Ministry of Agriculture, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China.
authors.forename: Changcong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural and Forest Invasive Alien Pests, Ministry of Agriculture, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural and Forest Invasive Alien Pests, Ministry of Agriculture, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural and Forest Invasive Alien Pests, Ministry of Agriculture, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.affiliation: BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Xiaodong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural and Forest Invasive Alien Pests, Ministry of Agriculture, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China.
authors.forename: Junsheng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D005670:Fusarium / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D016681:Genome, Fungal; D028521:Musa / Q000382:microbiology*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D059467:Transcriptome / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D005656:Fungal Proteins
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