title: The role of M1 and M2 macrophages in prostate cancer in relation to extracapsular tumor extension and biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of our work was to investigate the causal connection between M1 and M2 macrophage phenotypes occurrence and prostate cancer, their correlation with tumor extension (ECE), and biochemical recurrence (BR).
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical and pathological data were prospectively gathered from 93 patients treated with radical prostatectomy. Correlations of commonly used variables were evaluated with uni- and multivariate analysis. The relationship between M1 and M2 occurrence and BR was also assessed with Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Above all in 63.4% there was a M2 prevalence. M1 occurred more frequently in OC disease, while M2 was more represented in ECE. At univariate analysis biopsy and pathologic GS and M2 were statistically correlated with ECE. Only pathologic GS and M2 confirmed to be correlated with ECE. According to macrophage density BCR free survival curves presented a statistically significant difference. When we stratified our population for M1 and M2,we did not find any statistical difference among curves. At univariate analysis GS, pTNM, and positive margins resulted to be significant predictors of BCR, while M1 and M2 did not achieve the statistical significance. At multivariate analysis, only GS and pathologic stage were independent predictors of BR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our study patients with higher density of M count were associated with poor prognosis; M2 phenotype was significantly associated with ECE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Florence, Careggi Hospital, Viale San Luca, 50134 Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lanciotti
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Florence, Careggi Hospital, Viale San Luca, 50134 Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Masieri
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Florence, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Raspollini
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Florence, Careggi Hospital, Viale San Luca, 50134 Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Minervini
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Florence, Careggi Hospital, Viale San Luca, 50134 Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mari
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Comito
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Giannoni
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Florence, Careggi Hospital, Viale San Luca, 50134 Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carini
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chiarugi
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Florence, Careggi Hospital, Viale San Luca, 50134 Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Serni
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery
references.citation: Eur J Cancer. 2006 Apr;42(6):717-27
references.pmid: 16520032
references.citation: Cancer Res. 2007 Jun 15;67(12):5976-82
references.pmid: 17575168
references.citation: J Urol. 2006 Sep;176(3):1012-6
references.pmid: 16890681
references.citation: Mol Cancer Res. 2006 Apr;4(4):221-33
references.pmid: 16603636
references.citation: BJU Int. 2011 Jun;107(12):1918-22
references.pmid: 21044246
references.citation: Am J Surg Pathol. 2005 Sep;29(9):1228-42
references.pmid: 16096414
references.citation: Am J Pathol. 1999 Dec;155(6):1985-92
references.pmid: 10595928
references.citation: Eur Urol. 2008 Mar;53(3):554-61
references.pmid: 17683854
references.citation: CA Cancer J Clin. 2009 Jul-Aug;59(4):225-49
references.pmid: 19474385
references.citation: Am J Pathol. 2010 Jun;176(6):2972-85
references.pmid: 20431028
references.citation: Semin Cancer Biol. 2008 Oct;18(5):349-55
references.pmid: 18467122
references.citation: Cancer Res. 2000 Oct 15;60(20):5857-61
references.pmid: 11059783
references.citation: Semin Cancer Biol. 2004 Dec;14(6):433-9
references.pmid: 15489136