title: Death rates from human immunodeficiency virus and tuberculosis among American Indians/Alaska Natives in the United States, 1990-2009.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We used race-corrected data and comprehensive diagnostic codes to better compare HIV and tuberculosis (TB) mortality from 1999 to 2009 between American Indian/Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) and Whites.
  
  
  METHODS
  National Vital Statistics Surveillance System mortality data were adjusted for AI/AN racial misclassification through linkage with Indian Health Service registration records. We compared average annual 1990 to 2009 HIV and TB death rates (per 100,000 people) for AI/AN persons with those for Whites; Hispanics were excluded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although death rates from HIV in AI/AN persons were significantly lower than those in Whites from 1990 to 1998 (4.2 vs 7.0), they were significantly higher than those in Whites from 1999 to 2009 (3.6 vs 2.0). Death rates from TB in AI/AN persons were significantly higher than those in Whites, with a significant disparity during both 1990 to 1998 (3.3 vs 0.3) and 1999 to 2009 (1.5 vs 0.1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The decrease in death rates from HIV and TB was greater among Whites, and death rates remained significantly higher among AI/AN individuals. Public health interventions need to be prioritized to reduce the TB and HIV burden and mortality in AI/AN populations.
authors.affiliation: Brigg Reilley, Jonathan Iralu, and Lisa Neel are with the Indian Health Service, Albuquerque, NM. Emily Bloss and Kathy K. Byrd are with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. James Cheek is with Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque.
authors.forename: Brigg
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Reilley
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bloss
authors.forename: Kathy K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Byrd
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Iralu
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Neel
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cheek
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000413:Alaska / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D002423:Cause of Death; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003644:Death Certificates; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000401:mortality*; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D004930:Inuit / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012042:Registries; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000401:mortality*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
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