title: Zearalenone detoxification by zearalenone hydrolase is important for the antagonistic ability of Clonostachys rosea against mycotoxigenic Fusarium graminearum.
abstract: The fungus Clonostachys rosea is antagonistic against plant pathogens, including Fusarium graminearum, which produces the oestrogenic mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEA). ZEA inhibits other fungi, and C. rosea can detoxify ZEA through the enzyme zearalenone lactonohydrolase (ZHD101). As the relevance of ZEA detoxification for biocontrol is unknown, we studied regulation and function of ZHD101 in C. rosea. Quantitative reverse-transcription PCR revealed zhd101 gene expression in all conditions studied and demonstrated dose-dependent induction by ZEA. Known inducers of the Polyketide Synthase pathway did not induce zhd101 expression, suggesting specificity of the enzyme towards ZEA. To assess the role of ZHD101 during biocontrol interactions, we generated two Δzhd101 mutants incapable of ZEA-detoxification and confirmed their defect in degrading ZEA by HPLC. The Δzhd101 mutants displayed a lower in vitro ability to inhibit growth of the ZEA-producing F. graminearum (strain 1104-14) compared to the wild type. In contrast, all three C. rosea strains equally inhibited growth of the F. graminearum mutant (ΔPKS4), which is impaired in ZEA-production. Furthermore, the Δzhd101 mutants failed to protect wheat seedlings against foot rot caused by the ZEA-producing F. graminearum. These data show that ZEA detoxification by ZHD101 is important for the biocontrol ability of C. rosea against F. graminearum.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Uppsala Biocenter, Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7026, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Chatchai
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kosawang
authors.affiliation: Uppsala Biocenter, Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7026, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karlsson
authors.affiliation: AlbaNova University Center, Royal Institute of Technology, School of Biotechnology, Roslagstullsbacken 21, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Heriberto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vélëz
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Chemistry, DTU-Food, Technical University of Denmark, Mørkhøj Bygade 19, DK-2860 Søborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Peter Have
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Collinge
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.affiliation: Uppsala Biocenter, Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7026, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. Electronic address: dan.jensen@slu.se.
authors.forename: Dan Funck
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Jensen
mesh_terms: D000898:Antibiosis; D001711:Biotransformation; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D005670:Fusarium / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology*; D017353:Gene Deletion; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006867:Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism*; D006868:Hydrolysis; D006999:Hypocreales / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D036226:Seedlings / Q000382:microbiology; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014908:Triticum / Q000382:microbiology; D015025:Zearalenone / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal; D015025:Zearalenone; D006867:Hydrolases
keywords: Biological control; Fusarium foot rot; Mycotoxin; ZEA; Zhd101