title: Measuring adjustment in Japanese juvenile delinquents with learning disabilities using Japanese version of Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children II.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to create a profile of the cognitive and academic abilities of juvenile delinquents (JD) in Japan using the newly validated Japanese version of the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children, Second Edition (KABC-II-J).
  
  
  METHODS
  We administered the KABC-II-J to 22 JD (Mage  = 15.9 years, standard deviation [SD] = 1.4), 28 typically developing high school students (Mage  = 16.0 years, SD = 0.08), and (as controls) 12 special education students (Mage  = 16.9, SD = 0.83) with mild intellectual disabilities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed significant differences between JD and typically developing students on learning index of the Mental Process Index, and the vocabulary, reading, writing, and mathematics indices on the Achievement Index. JD had lower scores than did typically developing high school students. Fourteen JD had a 1 SD discrepancy (43%) in scores on these indices. These cases were suspected of having learning disabilities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The KABC-II-J is a suitable means of assessing academic and cognitive problems in JD; professionals working in the field of juvenile delinquency should recognize that offenders might have severe academic delays and learning disabilities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community and Human Service, Rikkyo University, Saitama.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kumagami
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kumagai
mesh_terms: D000124:Achievement; D000293:Adolescent; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000175:diagnosis*; D007564:Japan; D007604:Juvenile Delinquency / Q000523:psychology*; D007859:Learning Disabilities / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000592:standards*; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012917:Social Adjustment
keywords: Japanese version of Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children II; academic achievement; forensic assessment; juvenile delinquency; learning disabilities