title: Reliability of a simple physical therapist screening tool to assess errors during resistance exercises for musculoskeletal pain.
abstract: The main objective was to investigate the intra- and intertester reliability of a simple screening tool assessing errors in exercise execution by visual observation. 38 participants with no previous resistance exercise experience practiced for two weeks four typical upper limb exercises using elastic tubing. At 2-week follow-up, the participants were invited for a test-retest assessment on errors in technical execution. The assessment was based on ordinal deviation of joint position from neutral of the shoulder, elbow, and wrist in a single plane by visual observation. Moderate intratester reliability weighted kappa (wΚ) score ranging from 0.50 (0.21-0.71) to 0.57 (0.24-0.82) for observer 1 and a fair to moderate intratester reliability wΚ score ranging from 0.27 (0.09-0.43) to 0.52 (0.15-0.86) for observer 2 across the four exercises was observed. For intertester reliability moderate to substantial mean wΚ scores were found between the two observers, slightly improving from round one to round two ranging from 0.40 (0.20-0.59) to 0.68 (0.45-0.91) in round one to 0.52 (0.20-0.80) to 0.69 (0.39-0.86) in round two. The exercise error assessment demonstrated fair to substantial intratester and intertester reliability, which is congruent with previously published studies. Hence the simplicity of defining a neutral joint position for each of the involved joints in the exercise and categorizing the deviation in "some deviation" and "substantial deviation" to either side in a single plane is a viable and inexpensive solution when assessing for errors during exercise.
authors.affiliation: National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkalle 105, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark ; Electronics and Computer Science, Faculty of Physical and Applied Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK ; Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark.
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6777-843X
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jay
authors.affiliation: National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkalle 105, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark ; Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark.
authors.forename: Emil
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sundstrup
authors.affiliation: National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkalle 105, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
authors.forename: Lars L
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2777-8085
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Andersen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D059352:Musculoskeletal Pain / Q000628:therapy*; D059825:Physical Therapists
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