title: A tick-borne segmented RNA virus contains genome segments derived from unsegmented viral ancestors.
abstract: Although segmented and unsegmented RNA viruses are commonplace, the evolutionary links between these two very different forms of genome organization are unclear. We report the discovery and characterization of a tick-borne virus--Jingmen tick virus (JMTV)--that reveals an unexpected connection between segmented and unsegmented RNA viruses. The JMTV genome comprises four segments, two of which are related to the nonstructural protein genes of the genus Flavivirus (family Flaviviridae), whereas the remaining segments are unique to this virus, have no known homologs, and contain a number of features indicative of structural protein genes. Remarkably, homology searching revealed that sequences related to JMTV were present in the cDNA library from Toxocara canis (dog roundworm; Nematoda), and that shared strong sequence and structural resemblances. Epidemiological studies showed that JMTV is distributed in tick populations across China, especially Rhipicephalus and Haemaphysalis spp., and experiences frequent host-switching and genomic reassortment. To our knowledge, JMTV is the first example of a segmented RNA virus with a genome derived in part from unsegmented viral ancestors.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Department of Zoonoses, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100206, China.
authors.forename: Xin-Cheng
authors.initials: XC
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Mang
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Jun-Hua
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Xian-Dan
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Dong-Ya
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Jin-Rong
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Jian-Bo
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ci-Xiu
authors.initials: CX
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yan-Jun
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Dun-Jin
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Jianguo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Plyusnin
authors.forename: Edward C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Holmes
authors.forename: Yong-Zhen
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002417:Cattle; D002460:Cell Line; D002681:China; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D004285:Dogs; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D018067:Flaviviridae / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005416:Flavivirus / Q000235:genetics; D016679:Genome, Viral; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D040901:Proteomics; D016865:Reassortant Viruses / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000648:ultrastructure; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D013987:Ticks / Q000821:virology*; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins
keywords: evolution; segmentation
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