title: Giant cell tumors of bone: nonsurgical factors associated with local recurrence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the rate of giant cell tumor (GCT) recurrence and evaluate the factors associated with its recurrence in patients who underwent surgery and submitted to only one adjuvant method.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-one patients (22 female, 19 male; mean age: 34.22 ± 9.70 years) with GCT, who underwent surgical and one adjuvant treatment, were evaluated after a mean follow-up period of 40.17 ± 22.08 months. The average tumor size was 8.51 ± 3.69 cm. The tumors in 18 patients (43.9%) were grade II and in 23 patients (56.1%) grade III, according to the system developed by Campanacci et al. The surgical margin was intralesional resection and curettage in 60.9% of the patients, and marginal or wide resection in 39.1%.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine (22%) of the 41 patients had recurrence. None of the gender (p=0.436), age (p=0.310), site of the tumor (p=0.940), surgical margins (p=0.400) and the type of the filling material (PMMA or autograft) (p=0.680) had an association with recurrence. However, Campanacci grade III (p=0.028) and the size of the tumor (p=0.034) was associated with the recurrence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tumor size and tumor grade III according to the Campanacci system appear to be risk factors for local recurrence after the local resection of GCT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Faculty of Medicine, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. luizmteixeira@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Luiz Eduardo Moreira
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology and Sports Medicine, Unimed Belo Horizonte Hospital, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: José Carlos Souza
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Vilela
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte Hospital, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ricardo Horta
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Miranda
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Faculty of Medicine, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Anderson Humberto
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Faculty of Medicine, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Frederico Alves
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Faculty of Medicine, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vinicius Carvalho
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: de Faria
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D001938:Brazil; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005870:Giant Cell Tumors / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016896:Treatment Outcome