title: The influence of passive and active moral training on medical university on changes of students' moral competence index - results from randomized single blinded trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Human's life as well as medical professions consist of many moral dilemmas. The aim of our study was to evaluate moral competences of midwifery students during their whole university education (3 year course) based on their moral competences C-index.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed randomized single blinded 3-year follow-up trial of 72 midwifery students. Standard Moral Judgment Test (MJT) By Georg Lind was used accompanied by own questionnaire. Moral competences were calculated (C-index) according to Lind's methodology. Subjects were also divided into active and passive ethics training to search for differences.
  
  
  RESULTS
  C-index varied during studies insignificant (p=0.14). Randomized groups were equal at the beginning point, no significant differences were noticed. Active ethics teaching did not increase C-index compared to controls in all measuring points (P1-P4, respectively p=0,41 and p=0,38).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  During 3 year studies at medical university moral competences measured by C-index varied insignificantly, but simultaneously the change in C-index was dependent on its value at the beginning of the trial. There was not statistically significant influence of active ethic's teaching compared to controls. Among social factors parents have strongest influence on students' morality, but growing role of Medical University in this hierarchy raises hopes for improvement in effectiveness of training in ethics.
authors.affiliation: Departament of Social Science, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Science, Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Izabela
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rzymska
authors.affiliation: Department of Mother's and Child's Health, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Science, Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Paweł
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rzymski
authors.affiliation: Department of Educational Medicine, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Science, Poznań, Poland; Higher Vocational State School, Kalisz, Poland.
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wilczak
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Informatics and Statistics, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland;Faculty of Pedagogy and Psychology, University of Economics and Innovation, Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Włoszczak-Szubzda
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Informatics and Statistics, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland;Faculty of Pedagogy and Psychology, University of Economics and Innovation, Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: Mirosław J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Jarosz
authors.affiliation: Departament of Social Science, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Science, Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Michał
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Musielak
mesh_terms: D004992:Ethics, Medical / Q000193:education*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007600:Judgment; D008880:Midwifery / Q000193:education*; D009014:Morals; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013337:Students, Medical / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult