title: B cells are not essential for Lactobacillus-mediated protection against lethal pneumovirus infection.
abstract: We have shown previously that priming of respiratory mucosa with live Lactobacillus species promotes robust and prolonged survival from an otherwise lethal infection with pneumonia virus of mice, a property known as heterologous immunity. Lactobacillus priming results in a moderate reduction in virus recovery and a dramatic reduction in virus-induced proinflammatory cytokine production; the precise mechanisms underlying these findings remain to be elucidated. Because B cells have been shown to promote heterologous immunity against respiratory virus pathogens under similar conditions, in this study we explore the role of B cells in Lactobacillus-mediated protection against acute pneumovirus infection. We found that Lactobacillus-primed mice feature elevated levels of airway Igs IgG, IgA, and IgM and lung tissues with dense, B cell (B220(+))-enriched peribronchial and perivascular infiltrates with germinal centers consistent with descriptions of BALT. No B cells were detected in lung tissue of Lactobacillus-primed B cell deficient μMT mice or Jh mice, and Lactobacillus-primed μMT mice had no characteristic infiltrates or airway Igs. Nonetheless, we observed diminished virus recovery and profound suppression of virus-induced proinflammatory cytokines CCL2, IFN-γ, and CXCL10 in both wild-type and Lactobacillus-primed μMT mice. Furthermore, Lactobacillus plantarum-primed, B cell-deficient μMT and Jh mice were fully protected from an otherwise lethal pneumonia virus of mice infection, as were their respective wild-types. We conclude that B cells are dispensable for Lactobacillus-mediated heterologous immunity and were not crucial for promoting survival in response to an otherwise lethal pneumovirus infection.
authors.affiliation: Inflammation Immunobiology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;
authors.forename: Caroline M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Percopo
authors.affiliation: Inflammation Immunobiology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;
authors.forename: Kimberly D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Dyer
authors.affiliation: Inflammation Immunobiology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;
authors.forename: Katia E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Garcia-Crespo
authors.affiliation: Inflammation Immunobiology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;
authors.forename: Stanislaw J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Gabryszewski
authors.affiliation: Metabolism Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and.
authors.forename: Arthur L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Shaffer
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210.
authors.forename: Joseph B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Domachowske
authors.affiliation: Inflammation Immunobiology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; hrosenberg@niaid.nih.gov.
authors.forename: Helene F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000276:immunology*; D008168:Lung / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D018111:Pneumovirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D018186:Pneumovirus Infections / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D020545:Respiratory Mucosa / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D016207:Cytokines
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