title: Novel safety floors do not influence early compensatory balance reactions in older adults.
abstract: Novel safety flooring systems are a promising approach for reducing fall-related injuries in seniors, as they have been demonstrated to substantially reduce impact severity during falls, while minimally impairing balance control in community-dwelling older women. This pilot study aimed to characterize the potential effects of flooring conditions on dynamic balance control in retirement home-dwellers with more limited mobility. A tether-release paradigm was used to simulate a trip-type perturbation in 15 seniors across five flooring surfaces (three novel safety floors and one carpet compared to institutional-grade resilient rolled-sheeting). Kinetic and kinematic data tracked the displacement profiles of the underfoot centre-of-pressure and whole-body centre-of-mass, which were used to characterize compensatory balance reactions. Difference tests (ANOVA) found that the onset of the compensatory balance reaction was not associated with floor condition, nor were the timing and magnitude of peak centre-of-pressure excursion (minimum margin of safety) and velocity. Accordingly, the minimum margin of safety of the centre-of-mass was not significantly different across floors. Equivalence tests supported these findings. This study provides evidence that the carpet and novel safety floors tested do not negatively influence characteristics of initial dynamic balance responses following a lean-and-release perturbation compared to an institutional-grade resilient rolled-sheeting surface. In combination with reports of substantial force attenuative properties during fall-related impacts, these findings support the promise of novel safety floors as a biomechanically effective strategy for reducing fall-related injuries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Alexander D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: George A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Heckman
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: McIlroy
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: actlaing@uwaterloo.ca.
authors.forename: Andrew C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Laing
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000328:Adult; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D004576:Electromyography; D004779:Environment Design; D005260:Female; D005430:Floors and Floorcoverings; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010865:Pilot Projects; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Ageing; Compliant floors; Fall-related injury prevention; Falls; Tether-release