title: Specific duplication and dorsoventrally asymmetric expression patterns of Cycloidea-like genes in zygomorphic species of Ranunculaceae.
abstract: Floral bilateral symmetry (zygomorphy) has evolved several times independently in angiosperms from radially symmetrical (actinomorphic) ancestral states. Homologs of the Antirrhinum majus Cycloidea gene (Cyc) have been shown to control floral symmetry in diverse groups in core eudicots. In the basal eudicot family Ranunculaceae, there is a single evolutionary transition from actinomorphy to zygomorphy in the stem lineage of the tribe Delphinieae. We characterized Cyc homologs in 18 genera of Ranunculaceae, including the four genera of Delphinieae, in a sampling that represents the floral morphological diversity of this tribe, and reconstructed the evolutionary history of this gene family in Ranunculaceae. Within each of the two RanaCyL (Ranunculaceae Cycloidea-like) lineages previously identified, an additional duplication possibly predating the emergence of the Delphinieae was found, resulting in up to four gene copies in zygomorphic species. Expression analyses indicate that the RanaCyL paralogs are expressed early in floral buds and that the duration of their expression varies between species and paralog class. At most one RanaCyL paralog was expressed during the late stages of floral development in the actinomorphic species studied whereas all paralogs from the zygomorphic species were expressed, composing a species-specific identity code for perianth organs. The contrasted asymmetric patterns of expression observed in the two zygomorphic species is discussed in relation to their distinct perianth architecture.
authors.affiliation: Université Paris-Sud, UMR 0320/UMR 8120, Génétique Végétale, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Université Paris-Sud, Laboratoire Ecologie, Systématique, Evolution, CNRS UMR 8079, AgroParisTech, Orsay, France; Systematic Botany and Mycology, University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany; Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, UMR 7205 ISYEB MNHN-CNRS-UPMC-EPHE, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jabbour
authors.affiliation: Université Paris-Sud, Laboratoire Ecologie, Systématique, Evolution, CNRS UMR 8079, AgroParisTech, Orsay, France; Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cossard
authors.affiliation: CNRS, UMR 0320/UMR 8120, Génétique Végétale, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
authors.forename: Martine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Le Guilloux
authors.affiliation: Université Paris-Sud, Laboratoire Ecologie, Systématique, Evolution, CNRS UMR 8079, AgroParisTech, Orsay, France.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sannier
authors.affiliation: Université Paris-Sud, Laboratoire Ecologie, Systématique, Evolution, CNRS UMR 8079, AgroParisTech, Orsay, France.
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nadot
authors.affiliation: CNRS, UMR 0320/UMR 8120, Génétique Végétale, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Damerval
mesh_terms: D035264:Flowers / Q000235:genetics; D020440:Gene Duplication / Q000235:genetics; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D010802:Phylogeny; D029626:Ranunculaceae / Q000235:genetics*
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