title: Formulation and physicochemical characterization of buccoadhesive microspheres containing diclofenac sodium.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study involves preparation and evaluation of diclofenac buccal-mucoadhesive microparticles for prolongation of buccal residence time.
  
  
  METHODS
  The microparticles were prepared by modified double-emulsion dehydration method (O1/W/O2) using sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-Na) as mucoadhesive polymer. Calcium chloride was used as a cross-linking agent. Buccal-mucoadhesive microparticles with different drug to polymers ratios were prepared and characterized by encapsulation efficiency, particle size, DSC (Differential Scanning Calormetric), flowability, degree of swelling, surface pH, mucoadhesive property and drug release studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The best drug to polymer ratio in microparticles was 1:5 (F3) with CMC-Na. F1 microparticles showed loading efficiency 51.43% and mean particle size 1013.92 μm. The DSC showed stable character of drug in microparticles and revealed amorphous form. Microparticles had slower release than the commercial tablet (p<o.o5). The results of mucoadhesion study showed better retention of diclofenac microparticles in mucosa (>50 min). Histopathological studies revealed no buccal mucosal damage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It may be concluded that drug loaded buccal-mucoadhesive microparticles are a suitable delivery system for DS.
authors.affiliation: Drug Applied Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Mitra
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jelvehgari
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Hadi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Valizadeh
authors.affiliation: Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Ramin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jalali Motlagh
authors.affiliation: Islamic Azad University of Bonab Unit, Bonab, Iran.
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Montazam
keywords: Buccal-mucoadhesive; Carboxymethylcellulose sodium; Diclofenac; Emulsion dehydration; Microparticle
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