title: Complete clinical regression of a BRAF V600E-mutant pediatric glioblastoma multiforme after BRAF inhibitor therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Standard therapies for high grade glioma have failed to substantially improve survival and are associated with significant morbidity. At relapse, high grade gliomas, such as glioblastoma multiforme, are refractory to therapy and universally fatal. BRAF V600E-mutations have been described in a modest 6% to 7% of primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors, but with increased prevalence in the pediatric population and in certain brain tumor subtypes. The use of BRAF inhibitors have transformed melanoma therapy however their use in brain tumors remains unproven.
  
  
  METHODS
  We describe the pediatric case of a now 12 year old Caucasian male who originally presented at age 9 with a right fronto-parietal glioblastoma multiforme that recurred 2 ½ years from diagnosis. Molecular analysis of the primary tumor revealed a BRAF V600E mutation and the patient was placed on the BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib. A complete response was observed after 4 months of therapy and remains sustained at 6 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first report of a complete response of relapsed glioblastoma multiforme to targeted BRAF inhibitor therapy. While not a predominant mutation in glioblastoma multiforme, the increased prevalence of BRAF V600 mutations in pediatric CNS tumors and certain subtypes marks a population to whom this therapy could be applied. Response to this therapy suggests that BRAF inhibitors can affect primary CNS lesions when a documented and targetable mutation is present.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA. giles.robinson@stjude.org.
authors.forename: Giles W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: Brent A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Orr
authors.forename: Amar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gajjar
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D010372:Pediatrics; D048493:Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000077484:Vemurafenib
chemical_list: D007211:Indoles; D013449:Sulfonamides; D000077484:Vemurafenib; C482119:BRAF protein, human; D048493:Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf
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