title: Expression analysis of abscisic acid (ABA) and metabolic signalling factors in developing endosperm and embryo of barley.
abstract: The expression of genes encoding components of ABA and metabolic signalling pathways in developing barley endosperm and embryo was investigated. The genes includedHvRCAR35_47387andHvRCAR35_2538(encoding ABA receptors),HvABI1d(protein phosphatase 2C),HvSnRK2.4,HvSnRK2.6andHvPKABA1(SnRK2-type protein kinases) andHvABI5(ABA response element binding protein; AREBP), as well as two genes encoding SnRK1-type protein kinases. Both SnRK1 and SnRK2 phosphorylate AREBPs, but SnRK2 is activated by ABA whereas SnRK1 may be broken down. Multiple cereal AREBPs with two conserved SnRK1/2 target sites and another class of BZIP transcription factors with SnRK1/2 binding sites, including HvBLZ1, were identified. Barley grain (cv. Triumph) was sampled at 15, 20, 25 and 30 days post-anthesis (dpa).HvRCAR35_47387,HvABI1d,HvSnRK2.4andHvABI5were expressed highly in the endosperm but at much lower levels in the embryo. Conversely,HvPKABA1andHvRCAR35_2538were expressed at higher levels in the embryo than the endosperm, whileHvSnRK2.6was expressed at similar levels in both.HvRCAR35_47387,HvABI1d,HvSnRK2.4andHvABI5all peaked in expression in the endosperm at 20 dpa. A model is proposed in which ABA brings about a transition from a SnRK1-dominated state in the endosperm during grain filling to a SnRK2-dominated state during maturation.
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2901 Beidi Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 201106, Peoples' Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhiwei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2901 Beidi Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 201106, Peoples' Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jianhua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Plant Biology and Crop Science Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Nira
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Muttucumaru
authors.affiliation: Computational and Systems Biology Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Powers
authors.affiliation: Plant Biology and Crop Science Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Nigel G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Halford
keywords: Abscisic acid; Hordeum vulgare; Seed development; Signalling
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