title: A longitudinal study of the correlates of persistent smoking among sexual minority women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We conducted a longitudinal evaluation of factors associated with persistent smoking behaviors among sexual minority women (SMW; lesbians and bisexual women).
  
  
  METHODS
  Structured interview data were collected as part of a larger longitudinal study of SMW's health: the Chicago Health and Life Experiences of Women study. We conducted multivariate analyses to evaluate the influence of 4 groups of predictor variables on smoking: (a) demographic, (b) childhood victimization, (c) other substance use, and (d) health variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At Wave 1, 30.9% (n = 138) of participants reported current smoking, with substance-use and demographic factors having the strongest relationships to smoking status. The majority (84.9%) of Wave 1 smokers were also smoking at Wave 2. Among demographic variables, level of education was inversely associated with continued smoking. With respect to substance use, hazardous drinking and cocaine/heroin use were significantly associated with continued smoking. None of the victimization or health variables predicted smoking status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Consistent with previous studies, smoking rates in this sample of SMW were elevated. Despite intensive efforts to reduce smoking in the general population, 84% of SMW smokers continued smoking from Wave 1 to Wave 2. Findings suggest that the majority of SMW will continue to smoke over time. Additional research is needed to increase motivation and access to smoking cessation resources.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Systems Sciences, College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL; aliciak@uic.edu.
authors.forename: Alicia K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Systems Sciences, College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL;
authors.forename: Barth B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Riley
authors.affiliation: Department of Sociology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL;
authors.forename: Bethany
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Everett
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Systems Sciences, College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL;
authors.forename: Tonda L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Systems Sciences, College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL;
authors.forename: Frances
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Aranda
authors.affiliation: Survey Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001727:Bisexuality / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002641:Chicago / Q000453:epidemiology; D019548:Crime Victims / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D018452:Homosexuality, Female / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008603:Mental Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D008913:Minority Groups / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology
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