title: The melanogenesis alteration effects of Achillea millefolium L. essential oil and linalyl acetate: involvement of oxidative stress and the JNK and ERK signaling pathways in melanoma cells.
abstract: The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)1/2 and p38 MAPK, is known to be activated by ultraviolet (UV) radiation in melanocytes to regulate melanin production. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play important roles in the pathway of ERK and JNK activation. It has been established that the essential oil of Achillea millefolium L. (AM-EO) has activities that suppress the oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Thus, we analyzed the effects of AM-EO on melanogenesis in melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) treated melanoma cells. The results demonstrated that AM-EO suppresses melanin production by decreasing tyrosinase activity through the regulation of the JNK and ERK signaling pathways. This effect might be associated with the AM-EO activity leading to the suppression of ROS, and linalyl acetate is its major functional component. Therefore, we propose that AM-EO has the potential to treat hyperpigmentation in the future.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsin-Yi
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Department of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chih-Chien
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsun-Yen
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shih
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Su-Tze
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Chou
mesh_terms: D031162:Achillea / Q000737:chemistry*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4 / Q000378:metabolism*; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects*; D008543:Melanins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008545:Melanoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010858:Pigmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D008543:Melanins; D039821:Monoterpenes; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C074463:linalyl acetate; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4
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