title: Effects of olfactory stimulation from the fragrance of the Japanese citrus fruit yuzu (Citrus junos Sieb. ex Tanaka) on mood states and salivary chromogranin A as an endocrinologic stress marker.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the soothing effects of fragrance from yuzu, a Japanese citrus fruit (Citrus junos Sieb. ex Tanaka), with salivary chromogranin A (CgA) used as an endocrinologic stress marker reflecting sympathetic nervous system activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty healthy women (mean age, 20.5 ± 0.1 years) participated in a randomized, controlled, crossover study. Participants were examined on two separate occasions-once using the yuzu scent and once using unscented water as a control-in the follicular phase. This experiment measured salivary CgA and the Profile of Mood States (POMS) as a psychological index before and after the aromatic stimulation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten-minute inhalation of the yuzu scent significantly decreased salivary CgA. At 30 minutes after the inhalation period, the salivary CgA level further decreased. In addition, POMS revealed that inhalation of the aromatic yuzu oil significantly decreased total mood disturbance, a global measure of affective state, as well as four subscores of emotional symptoms (tension-anxiety, depression-dejection, anger-hostility, and confusion), as long as 30 minutes after the olfactory stimulation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Yuzu's aromatic effects may alleviate negative emotional stress, which, at least in part, would contribute to the suppression of sympathetic nervous system activity.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Health Education, Faculty of Education, Shitennoji University , Osaka, Japan .
authors.forename: Tamaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Asakura
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayashi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect / Q000187:drug effects*; D019341:Aromatherapy / Q000379:methods*; D053379:Chromogranin A / Q000032:analysis*; D002957:Citrus / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D053379:Chromogranin A; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010936:Plant Extracts; D010938:Plant Oils
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