title: Self-management behavior in patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional survey in western urban China.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the current status of diabetic self-management behavior and the factors influencing this behavior in Chengdu, a typical city in western China.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed stratified sampling in 6 urban districts of Chengdu. We used questionnaires concerning self-management knowledge, self-management beliefs, self-management efficacy, social support, and self-management behavior to investigate patients with T2DM from August to November 2011. All of the data were analyzed using the SPSS 17.0 statistical package.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We enrolled a total of 364 patients in the present study. The median score of self-management behavior was 111.00, the interquartile range was 100.00-119.00, and the index score was 77.77. Self-management was described as "good" in 46%, "fair" in 45%, and "poor" in 6% of patients. A multiple-factor analysis identified age (OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.20-0.91; P = 0.026), education in "foot care" (OR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.18-0.99; P = 0.048), self-management knowledge (OR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.80-0.92; P<0.001), self-management belief (OR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.87-0.97; P = 0.002), self-efficacy (OR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.90-0.96; P<0.001), and social support (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.41-0.94; P = 0.023) as positive factors. Negative factors included diabetes duration (5-9 years: OR, 14.82; 95% CI, 1.64-133.73; P = 0.016; and ≥10 years: OR, 10.28; 95% CI, 1.06-99.79; P = 0.045) and hospitalization experience (OR, 2.96; 95% CI, 1.64-5.36; P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We observed good self-management behavior in patients with T2DM in Chengdu. When self-management education is provided, age, education, knowledge, belief, self-efficacy, and social support should be considered to offer more appropriate intervention and to improve patients' behavior.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Mingjun
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Nursing Faculty of West China, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology Department, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Sheyu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Nursing Department, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Xiaolian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002681:China; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D063046:Patient Medication Knowledge; D012646:Self Administration; D020377:Self Efficacy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014505:Urban Population
references.citation: BMC Fam Pract. 2011 Dec 02;12:135
references.pmid: 22136415
references.citation: J Transcult Nurs. 2008 Jul;19(3):234-42
references.pmid: 18579863
references.citation: J Pediatr Psychol. 2000 Jun;25(4):257-67
references.pmid: 10814692
references.citation: Patient Educ Couns. 2002 Oct -Nov;48(2):177-87
references.pmid: 12401421
references.citation: Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2006 Aug;73(2):126-34
references.pmid: 16563548
references.citation: Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 1998 Dec;14(12):807-15
references.pmid: 9887650
references.citation: Diabetes Educ. 2001 Nov-Dec;27(6):887-98
references.pmid: 12211928
references.citation: Adv Ther. 2010 Jun;27(6):321-33
references.pmid: 20552306
references.citation: Eff Clin Pract. 2001 Nov-Dec;4(6):256-62
references.pmid: 11769298
references.citation: Patient Educ Couns. 2005 Oct;59(1):87-96
references.pmid: 16198222
references.citation: J Aging Health. 2001 Feb;13(1):120-45
references.pmid: 11503844
references.citation: Int J Nurs Pract. 2010 Apr;16(2):92-8
references.pmid: 20487053
references.citation: Nurs Forum. 2012 Oct-Dec;47(4):226-35
references.pmid: 23127236
references.citation: Diabetes Care. 2010 Apr;33(4):751-3
references.pmid: 20150299
references.citation: Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2005 Aug;26(8):564-8
references.pmid: 16390002
references.citation: Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2009 Oct-Dec;10(4):605-8
references.pmid: 19827878
references.citation: Am J Surg. 1989 Dec;158(6):520-3; discussion 523-4
references.pmid: 2589581
references.citation: J Clin Nurs. 2013 Jan;22(1-2):61-8
references.pmid: 23121425
references.citation: Home Healthc Nurse. 1999 Sep;17(9):587-96
references.pmid: 10763657
references.citation: J Health Serv Res Policy. 2011 Jan;16(1):37-43
references.pmid: 20819914
references.citation: J Adv Nurs. 2006 May;54(3):293-303
references.pmid: 16629914
references.citation: J Psychosom Res. 2011 Feb;70(2):179-87
references.pmid: 21262421
references.citation: J Gen Intern Med. 2007 Apr;22(4):442-7
references.pmid: 17372790
references.citation: Ann Behav Med. 2003 Aug;26(1):1-7
references.pmid: 12867348
references.citation: Int J Equity Health. 2012 Aug 14;11:42
references.pmid: 22891984
references.citation: J Psychosom Res. 2008 Aug;65(2):157-64
references.pmid: 18655861
references.citation: BMC Public Health. 2012 Dec 03;12:1043
references.pmid: 23198694
references.citation: J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2008 Sep;63(5):S312-9
references.pmid: 18818452
references.citation: Nurs Outlook. 2012 Jul-Aug;60(4):221-7
references.pmid: 22512991
references.citation: Int J Health Educ. 1980;23(3):156-61
references.pmid: 6162294
references.citation: Chin Med J (Engl). 2012 Dec;125(23):4175-80
references.pmid: 23217382
references.citation: Diabetes Educ. 2004 Mar-Apr;30(2):274-80
references.pmid: 15095517
references.citation: Diabetes Care. 2008 Apr;31(4):805-7
references.pmid: 18184907
references.citation: Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2011 Jan;42(1):185-6, 184, 187-96
references.pmid: 21323182
references.citation: PLoS One. 2011;6(7):e21718
references.pmid: 21750725
references.citation: Pediatr Transplant. 2002 Dec;6(6):475-9
references.pmid: 12453199
references.citation: Diabet Med. 2012 May;29(5):654-61
references.pmid: 21992512
references.citation: Int J Nurs Stud. 1999 Dec;36(6):443-53
references.pmid: 10576115
references.citation: Diabetes Care. 2001 Mar;24(3):561-87
references.pmid: 11289485
references.citation: Med Care. 1984 Oct;22(10):912-21
references.pmid: 6492903
references.citation: Prev Med. 2005 Mar;40(3):344-8
references.pmid: 15533549