title: Effects of ceftriaxone on systemic and central expression of anti- and pro-inflammatory cytokines in alcohol-preferring (P) rats exposed to ethanol.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Determine the effect of reduction in ethanol consumption by alcohol-preferring (P) rats, following ceftriaxone treatment, on the cytokines levels in prefrontal cortex (PFC) and plasma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Following 5 weeks of free access to ethanol (15 and 30%), P rats were treated daily with ceftriaxone or saline vehicle for either 2 or 5 consecutive days. Plasma and PFC were collected from ceftriaxone- and saline vehicle-treated groups, and assayed for the levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant increase in the plasma level of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was observed in the ceftriaxone-treated group when compared with the saline-treated group in both the 2-day and 5-day treatments. Furthermore, ceftriaxone treatment for 2 days induced reduction in TNFα level in both plasma and PFC. Additionally, ceftriaxone treatment for 2 days significantly reduced the IFNγ level in PFC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings show the ability of ceftriaxone to reduce alcohol consumption and induce modulation of the anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines levels in P rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Toledo, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA.
authors.forename: P S S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Toledo, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Toledo, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA youssef.sari@utoledo.edu.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sari
references.citation: Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2011 May;35(5):787-93
references.pmid: 21284667
references.citation: J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2005 Sep;25(9):1138-49
references.pmid: 15874975
references.citation: Glia. 2010 Nov 15;58(15):1806-15
references.pmid: 20645408
references.citation: JAKSTAT. 2012 Jul 1;1(3):159-67
references.pmid: 24058765
references.citation: Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2006 Jan;83(1):35-46
references.pmid: 16442608
references.citation: Amino Acids. 2011 Feb;40(2):761-4
references.pmid: 20383795
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2012 Sep 5;32(36):12406-10
references.pmid: 22956831
references.citation: Hepatology. 1997 Dec;26(6):1530-7
references.pmid: 9397994
references.citation: J Clin Invest. 2011 May;121(5):1683-5
references.pmid: 21519140
references.citation: Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2002 Jan;26(1):74-82
references.pmid: 11821657
references.citation: FASEB J. 2006 Jul;20(9):1504-6
references.pmid: 16720733
references.citation: Nat Rev Immunol. 2010 Mar;10(3):170-81
references.pmid: 20154735
references.citation: J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2012 Jun;7(2):444-53
references.pmid: 22205542
references.citation: Mol Biol Rep. 2012 Mar;39(3):2789-94
references.pmid: 21674185
references.citation: J Neuroinflammation. 2008 Mar 18;5:10
references.pmid: 18348728
references.citation: J Clin Immunol. 1996 Sep;16(5):291-303
references.pmid: 8886999
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2013 May 29;33(22):9319-27
references.pmid: 23719800
references.citation: Alcohol. 2014 May;48(3):209-15
references.pmid: 24268381
references.citation: Alcohol Alcohol. 2004 Jul-Aug;39(4):312-5
references.pmid: 15208162
references.citation: Crit Rev Immunol. 2012;32(1):23-63
references.pmid: 22428854
references.citation: Neuroscience. 2012 Dec 27;227:327-35
references.pmid: 23059796
references.citation: J Med Food. 2007 Sep;10(3):526-42
references.pmid: 17887948
references.citation: Neuroscience. 2012 Nov 8;224:15-25
references.pmid: 22871519
references.citation: Alcohol Alcohol. 2011 May-Jun;46(3):239-46
references.pmid: 21422004
references.citation: Addict Biol. 2006 Sep;11(3-4):270-88
references.pmid: 16961759
references.citation: Lancet. 2001 Mar 10;357(9258):763-7
references.pmid: 11253971
references.citation: Eur J Pharmacol. 2008 Apr 28;584(2-3):278-84
references.pmid: 18342307
references.citation: Immunity. 2008 Apr;28(4):468-76
references.pmid: 18400189
references.citation: Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1998 Aug;22(5 Suppl):248S-252S
references.pmid: 9727645
references.citation: J Psychopharmacol. 2013 Jun;27(6):541-9
references.pmid: 23518814
references.citation: Nat Immunol. 2012 Oct;13(10):925-31
references.pmid: 22990890
references.citation: Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2013 Feb;37(2):213-22
references.pmid: 23009062
references.citation: Ann Neurol. 2012 Jan;71(1):76-83
references.pmid: 22275254
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2011 Jan 14;286(2):1436-44
references.pmid: 21062749
references.citation: Cell Immunol. 2009;254(2):85-90
references.pmid: 18848698
references.citation: Annu Rev Immunol. 2001;19:683-765
references.pmid: 11244051
references.citation: Gastroenterology. 1996 Sep;111(3):736-44
references.pmid: 8780580
references.citation: Alcohol Health Res World. 1997;21(4):317-20
references.pmid: 15706742
references.citation: J Neurochem. 2013 Jun;125(6):897-908
references.pmid: 23578284
references.citation: Brain Res. 2005 Feb 9;1034(1-2):11-24
references.pmid: 15713255
references.citation: J Exp Med. 1991 Nov 1;174(5):1209-20
references.pmid: 1940799
references.citation: Nat Rev Immunol. 2007 Jun;7(6):425-8
references.pmid: 17525751
references.citation: J Exp Med. 2007 Feb 19;204(2):239-43
references.pmid: 17296790
references.citation: Arch Toxicol. 2012 Sep;86(9):1337-48
references.pmid: 22367091
references.citation: Neuroscience. 2013 Jun 25;241:229-38
references.pmid: 23537837
references.citation: Immunology. 1997 Mar;90(3):440-7
references.pmid: 9155653
references.citation: J Mol Neurosci. 2014 Sep;54(1):71-7
references.pmid: 24535561
references.citation: J Neuroinflammation. 2012 Jun 18;9:130
references.pmid: 22709825
references.citation: Hepatology. 1999 Oct;30(4):934-43
references.pmid: 10498645
references.citation: Biol Psychiatry. 2010 Jan 1;67(1):81-4
references.pmid: 19717140
references.citation: Behav Brain Res. 2011 Nov 20;225(1):252-8
references.pmid: 21824497
references.citation: Alcohol. 1986 Sep-Oct;3(5):331-6
references.pmid: 3778650