title: Clinical Presentation Resembling Mucosal Disease Associated with 'HoBi'-like Pestivirus in a Field Outbreak.
abstract: The genus Pestivirus of the family Flaviviridae consists of four recognized species: Bovine viral diarrhoea virus 1 (BVDV-1), Bovine viral diarrhoea virus 2 (BVDV-2), Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and Border disease virus (BDV). Recently, atypical pestiviruses ('HoBi'-like pestiviruses) were identified in batches of contaminated foetal calf serum and in naturally infected cattle with and without clinical symptoms. Here, we describe the first report of a mucosal disease-like clinical presentation (MD) associated with a 'HoBi'-like pestivirus occurring in a cattle herd. The outbreak was investigated using immunohistochemistry, antibody detection, viral isolation and RT-PCR. The sequence and phylogenetic analysis of 5'NCR, N(pro) and E2 regions of the RT-PCR positive samples showed that four different 'HoBi'-like strains were circulating in the herd. The main clinical signs and lesions were observed in the respiratory and digestive systems, but skin lesions and corneal opacity were also observed. MD characteristic lesions and a pestivirus with cytopathic biotype were detected in one calf. The present study is the first report of a MD like presentation associated with natural infection with 'HoBi'-like pestivirus. This report describes the clinical signs and provides a pathologic framework of an outbreak associated with at least two different 'HoBi'-like strains. Based on these observations, it appears that these atypical pestiviruses are most likely underdiagnosed in Brazilian cattle.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: A C S
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Mósena
authors.affiliation: Hospital Veterinário, Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG), Patos, Paraíba, Brazil.
authors.forename: S V D
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Simões
authors.affiliation: FEPAGRO - Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.affiliation: Hospital Veterinário, Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG), Patos, Paraíba, Brazil.
authors.forename: C R M
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Pessoa
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Budaszewski
authors.affiliation: Hospital Veterinário, Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG), Patos, Paraíba, Brazil.
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service, Ames, Iowa, USA.
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Ridpath
authors.affiliation: Hospital Veterinário, Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG), Patos, Paraíba, Brazil.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Riet-Correa
authors.affiliation: Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Driemeier
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Canal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000821:virology*; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000662:veterinary*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000662:veterinary; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000662:veterinary; D010576:Pestivirus / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D018182:Pestivirus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D010802:Phylogeny; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral
keywords: cattle; diagnosis; mucosal disease; pathology; pestivirus; ‘HoBi’-like pestivirus