title: Solvent-free enzymatic synthesis of feruloylated structured lipids by the transesterification of ethyl ferulate with castor oil.
abstract: A novel enzymatic route of feruloylated structured lipids synthesis by the transesterification of ethyl ferulate (EF) with castor oil, in solvent-free system, was investigated. The transesterification reactions were catalysed by Novozym 435, Lipozyme RMIM, and Lipozyme TLIM, among which Novozym 435 showed the best catalysis performance. Effects of feruloyl donors, reaction variables, and ethanol removal on the transesterification were also studied. High EF conversion (∼100%) was obtained under the following conditions: enzyme load 20% (w/w, relative to the weight of substrates), reaction temperature 90 °C, substrate molar ratio 1:1 (EF/castor oil), 72 h, vacuum pressure 10 mmHg, and 200 rpm. Under these conditions, the transesterification product consisted of 62.6% lipophilic feruloylated structured lipids and 37.3% hydrophilic feruloylated lipids.
authors.affiliation: Lipid Technology and Engineering, School of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Road, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, PR China. Electronic address: sunshangde@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Shangde
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Lipid Technology and Engineering, School of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Road, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, PR China.
authors.forename: Sha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Lipid Technology and Engineering, School of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Road, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, PR China.
authors.forename: Yanlan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bi
mesh_terms: D002109:Caffeic Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D002368:Castor Oil / Q000737:chemistry*; D002384:Catalysis; D004951:Esterification; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D002109:Caffeic Acids; D008055:Lipids; C099085:ethyl ferulate; D002368:Castor Oil
keywords: Castor oil; Enzymatic transesterification; Ethyl ferulate; Feruloylated structured lipids; Solvent-free system