title: Importance of multidrug efflux pumps in the antimicrobial resistance property of clinical multidrug-resistant isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
abstract: The contribution of drug efflux pumps in clinical isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae that express extensively drug-resistant or multidrug-resistant phenotypes has heretofore not been examined. Accordingly, we assessed the effect on antimicrobial resistance of loss of the three gonococcal efflux pumps associated with a known capacity to export antimicrobials (MtrC-MtrD-MtrE, MacA-MacB, and NorM) in such clinical isolates. We report that the MIC of several antimicrobials, including seven previously and currently recommended for treatment was significantly impacted.
authors.affiliation: WHO Collaborating Centre for Gonorrhoea and other Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs), National Reference Laboratory for Pathogenic Neisseria, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Microbiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Golparian
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Laboratories of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: William M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Shafer
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohnishi
authors.affiliation: WHO Collaborating Centre for Gonorrhoea and other Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs), National Reference Laboratory for Pathogenic Neisseria, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Microbiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden magnus.unemo@orebroll.se.
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Unemo
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D019450:Genes, MDR / Q000502:physiology*; D006069:Gonorrhea / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009154:Mutation; D009344:Neisseria gonorrhoeae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins
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