title: Effect of carbodiimide cross-linking of decellularized porcine pulmonary artery valvular leaflets.
abstract: Decellularization provides low immunogenicity and is only slightly subject to calcification in tissue engineering. However, the mechanical properties of the tissues are weakened after decellularization. We adopted cross-linking agent 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) to treat decellularized porcine pulmonary artery valvular leaflets to improve their mechanical properties. Twenty porcine pulmonary artery valvular leaflets were divided into three groups: the fresh control group A, group B treated with trypsin and Triton X-100 to remove cells, and group C cross-linked with EDC after decellularization. All samples were evaluated the physical and mechanical properties and were then subcutaneously embedded in rabbits. These valvular leaflets were removed after 1, 2, or 4 weeks and checked for pathological changes. The cells of the valvular leaflets were completely removed. The thickness of the valvular leaflets was thinner in group B than in group A (P<0.01). In the subcutaneous embedding of the group B samples, there was mild immunological response after 1-2 weeks, and parts of the scaffolds were degraded. After 4 weeks, fibroblasts had grown into the scaffolds. In group C, there was an increase in the tensile strength and thermal shrinkage temperature in group C compared with group B (P<0.01). In subcutaneous embedding of the group C samples, there was a mild immunological response after 1-2 weeks. The fibroblasts had grown into the samples. The EDC-based cross-linking procedure can enhance the tensile strength of decellularized pulmonary artery valvular leaflets and both decrease the valvular leaflets' rejection and promote tissue regeneration in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases Beijing 100029, China.
authors.forename: Xiu-Fang
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, First Hospital of Handan Hebei Province 056002, China.
authors.forename: Hai-Ping
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases Beijing 100029, China.
authors.forename: Xue-Jun
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases Beijing 100029, China.
authors.forename: Da
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, Chest Hospital of Henan Province Henan Province 450003, China.
authors.forename: Jin-Hui
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases Beijing 100029, China.
authors.forename: Ai-Ping
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Province 310009, China.
authors.forename: Hai-Feng
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases Beijing 100029, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xin
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases Beijing 100029, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases Beijing 100029, China.
authors.forename: Wen-Bin
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Li
keywords: Decellularization; EDC cross-linking; mechanical properties; pulmonary artery valvular leaflets
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