title: Wnt signaling in form deprivation myopia of the mice retina.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The canonical Wnt signaling pathway plays important roles in cellular proliferation and differentiation, axonal outgrowth, cellular maintenance in retinas. Here we test the hypothesis that elements of the Wnt signaling pathway are involved in the regulation of eye growth and prevention of myopia, in the mouse form-deprivation myopia model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  (1) One hundred twenty-five C57BL/6 mice were randomly distributed into form-deprivation myopia and control groups. Form-deprivation myopia (FDM) was induced by suturing the right eyelid, while the control group received no treatment. After 1, 2, and 4 weeks of treatment, eyes were assessed in vivo by cycloplegic retinoscopic refraction and axial length measurement by photography or A-scan ultrasonography. Levels of retinal Wnt2b, Fzd5 and β-catenin mRNA and protein were evaluated using RT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. (2) Another 96 mice were divided into three groups: control, drugs-only, and drugs+FDM (by diffuser). Experimentally treated eyes in the last two groups received intravitreal injections of vehicle or the proteins, DKK-1 (Wnt-pathway antagonist) or Norrin (Wnt-pathway agonist), once every three days, for 4 injections total. Axial length and retinoscopic refraction were measured on the 14th day of form deprivation. Following form-deprivation for 1, 2, and 4 weeks, FDM eyes had a relatively myopic refractive error, compared with contralateral eyes. There were no significant differences in refractive error between right and left eye in control group. The amounts of Wnt2b, Fzd5 and β-catenin mRNA and protein were significantly greater in form-deprived myopia eyes than in control eyes.DKK-1 (antagonist) reduced the myopic shift in refractive error and increase in axial elongation, whereas Norrin had the opposite effect in FDM eyes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our studies provide the first evidence that the Wnt2b signaling pathway may play a role in the development and progression of form-deprivation myopia, in a mammalian model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Disease, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Mingming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Disease, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Zhengwei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Jinhua Eye Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Ergang
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Disease, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Wenjing
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Disease, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Disease, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Xun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Disease, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Bilian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ke
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D058452:Axial Length, Eye / Q000187:drug effects; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D005556:Form Perception / Q000187:drug effects; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009216:Myopia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012029:Refraction, Ocular / Q000187:drug effects; D012160:Retina / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012683:Sensory Deprivation; D014463:Ultrasonography; D060449:Wnt Signaling Pathway / Q000187:drug effects; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C501127:Dkk1 protein, mouse; D005136:Eye Proteins; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C489916:Ndph protein, mouse; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051176:beta Catenin
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