title: Separating natural from anthropogenic causes of impairment in Zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) populations living across a pollution gradient.
abstract: The relationship between the reproductive stage, the total lipid content and eight broadly used biochemical stress responses were used to assess seasonal and pollutant effects across eleven different zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) populations from the Ebro and Mijares river basin, Spain. Biochemical markers included superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), glutathione S transferase (GST), multixenobiotic transporter activity (MXR), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), lipid peroxidation (LPO) and single strand DNA breaks. Principal component analyses of zebra mussel responses across an annual cycle, showed a marked gonad stage component in total lipid content and biochemical responses. The same response pattern was observed across the populations sampled along a broad geographical and pollution gradient. Population differences on the gonad developmental stage were highly correlated with most of the measured responses and unrelated with the pollution gradient. Conversely, bioaccumulation of organic and inorganic contaminant residues was more related to pollution sources than with the reproductive cycle. These results indicate that the reproductive cycle is the major factor affecting the temporal and spatial variation of the studied markers in D. polymorpha.
authors.affiliation: CESAM and Biology Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal. Electronic address: mpfaria@ua.pt.
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Faria
authors.affiliation: Center for Research and Innovation in Toxicology, UPC Campus Terrassa Zona IPCT Ctra, Nac.150. km 15, 08227 Terrassa, Spain. Electronic address: ochoa@crit.upc.edu.
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ochoa
authors.affiliation: Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), 08003 Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: blazquez@icm.csic.es.
authors.forename: Mercedes
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blázquez
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: maria.fernandez@micron-analitica.com.
authors.forename: Maria Fernandes San
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Juan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: raimondo.lazzara@gmx.de.
authors.forename: Raimondo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lazzara
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: silvia.lacorte@cid.csic.es.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lacorte
authors.affiliation: CESAM and Biology Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal. Electronic address: asoares@ua.pt.
authors.forename: Amadeu M V M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: carlos.barata@cid.csic.es.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Barata
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D004064:Digestive System / Q000378:metabolism; D049875:Dreissena / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry; D012621:Seasons; D012741:Sexual Maturation / Q000187:drug effects; D013030:Spain; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Biochemical stress responses; Reproductive cycle; Total lipids; Zebra mussel