title: Zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8) and β cell function.
abstract: Human pancreatic β cells have exceptionally high zinc content. In β cells the highest zinc concentration is in insulin secretory granules, from which it is cosecreted with the hormone. Uptake of zinc into secretory granules is mainly mediated by zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8), the product of the SLC30A8 [solute carrier family 30 (zinc transporter), member 8] gene. The minor alleles of several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in SLC30A8 are associated with decreased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the precise mechanisms underlying the protective effects remain uncertain. In this article we review current knowledge of the role of ZnT8 in maintaining zinc homeostasis in β cells, its role in glucose metabolism based on knockout mouse studies, and current theories regarding the link between ZnT8 function and T2D.
authors.affiliation: Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Integrated Department of Immunology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA. Electronic address: howard.davidson@ucdenver.edu.
authors.forename: Howard W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.affiliation: Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
authors.forename: Janet M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Wenzlau
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. Electronic address: richard.obrien@vanderbilt.edu.
authors.forename: Richard M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: O'Brien
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D000075703:Zinc Transporter 8
chemical_list: D027682:Cation Transport Proteins; D007328:Insulin; C516348:Slc30a8 protein, mouse; D000075703:Zinc Transporter 8
keywords: SLC30A8; Slc30a8; islet
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