title: Smoking among U.S. Hispanic/Latino adults: the Hispanic community health study/study of Latinos.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prior national surveys capture smoking behaviors of the aggregated U.S. Hispanic/Latino population, possibly obscuring subgroup variation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe cigarette use among Hispanic/Latino adults across subgroups of age, gender, national background, SES, birthplace, and degree of acculturation to the dominant U.S. culture.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional survey of 16,322 participants in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos aged 18-74 years, recruited in Bronx NY, Chicago IL, Miami FL, and San Diego CA, was conducted during 2008-2011.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prevalence of current smoking was highest among Puerto Ricans (men, 35.0%; women, 32.6%) and Cubans (men, 31.3%; women, 21.9%), with particularly high smoking intensity noted among Cubans as measured by pack-years and cigarettes/day. Dominicans had the lowest smoking prevalence (men, 11.0%; women, 11.7%). Individuals of other national backgrounds had a smoking prevalence that was intermediate between these groups, and typically higher among men than women. Non-daily smoking was common, particularly although not exclusively among young men of Mexican background. Persons of low SES were more likely to smoke, less likely to have quit smoking, and less frequently used over-the-counter quit aids compared to those with higher income and education levels. Smoking was more common among individuals who were born in the U.S. and had a higher level of acculturation to the dominant U.S. culture, particularly among women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Smoking behaviors vary widely across Hispanic/Latino groups in the U.S., with a high prevalence of smoking among population subgroups with specific, readily identifiable characteristics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York. Electronic address: robert.kaplan@einstein.yu.edu.
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.affiliation: Collaborative Studies Coordinating Center, Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Shrikant I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Bangdiwala
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.
authors.forename: Janice M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Barnhart
authors.affiliation: Institute for Behavioral and Community Health, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California.
authors.forename: Sheila F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Castañeda
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida.
authors.forename: Marc D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Gellman
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami, Miami, Florida.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco Medical Center.
authors.forename: Eliseo J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Pérez-Stable
authors.affiliation: Institute for Behavioral and Community Health, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California.
authors.forename: Gregory A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Talavera
authors.affiliation: Collaborative Studies Coordinating Center, Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Marston E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Youngblood
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Aida L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Giachello
mesh_terms: D000069:Acculturation; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012307:Risk Factors; D012723:Sex; D012907:Smoking / Q000208:ethnology*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult
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