title: Rational design of broad spectrum antibacterial activity based on a clinically relevant enoyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) reductase inhibitor.
abstract: Determining the molecular basis for target selectivity is of particular importance in drug discovery. The ideal antibiotic should be active against a broad spectrum of pathogenic organisms with a minimal effect on human targets. CG400549, a Staphylococcus-specific 2-pyridone compound that inhibits the enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (FabI), has recently been shown to possess human efficacy for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections, which constitute a serious threat to human health. In this study, we solved the structures of three different FabI homologues in complex with several pyridone inhibitors, including CG400549. Based on these structures, we rationalize the 65-fold reduced affinity of CG400549 toward Escherichia coli versus S. aureus FabI and implement concepts to improve the spectrum of antibacterial activity. The identification of different conformational states along the reaction coordinate of the enzymatic hydride transfer provides an elegant visual depiction of the relationship between catalysis and inhibition, which facilitates rational inhibitor design. Ultimately, we developed the novel 4-pyridone-based FabI inhibitor PT166 that retained favorable pharmacokinetics and efficacy in a mouse model of S. aureus infection with extended activity against Gram-negative and mycobacterial organisms.
authors.affiliation: From the Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, Institute for Structural Biology, University of Wuerzburg, D-97080 Wuerzburg, Germany, the Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Wuerzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schiebel
authors.affiliation: the Institute for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry, and School of Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, and.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: the Institute for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry, and.
authors.forename: Sonam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: the Institute for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry, and School of Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, and.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: the Institute for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry, and.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: the Institute for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry, and.
authors.forename: Pan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: From the Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, Institute for Structural Biology, University of Wuerzburg, D-97080 Wuerzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Maria W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Hirschbeck
authors.affiliation: From the Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, Institute for Structural Biology, University of Wuerzburg, D-97080 Wuerzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Mona
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tareilus
authors.affiliation: From the Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, Institute for Structural Biology, University of Wuerzburg, D-97080 Wuerzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eltschkner
authors.affiliation: the Institute for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry, and.
authors.forename: Weixuan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: the Rocky Mountain Regional Center of Excellence and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1682.
authors.forename: Jason E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Cummings
authors.affiliation: the Rocky Mountain Regional Center of Excellence and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1682.
authors.forename: Susan E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Knudson
authors.affiliation: the Institute for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry, and.
authors.forename: Gopal R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Bommineni
authors.affiliation: School of Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, and.
authors.forename: Stephen G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.affiliation: the Rocky Mountain Regional Center of Excellence and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1682.
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Slayden
authors.affiliation: the Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Wuerzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Christoph A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Sotriffer
authors.affiliation: the Institute for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry, and peter.tonge@stonybrook.edu.
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Tonge
authors.affiliation: From the Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, Institute for Structural Biology, University of Wuerzburg, D-97080 Wuerzburg, Germany, caroline.kisker@virchow.uni-wuerzburg.de.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kisker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001483:Base Sequence; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D017931:DNA Primers; D015195:Drug Design; D050753:Enoyl-(Acyl-Carrier-Protein) Reductase (NADH) / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D015394:Molecular Structure; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011728:Pyridones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D017931:DNA Primers; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D011728:Pyridones; D050753:Enoyl-(Acyl-Carrier-Protein) Reductase (NADH)
keywords: CG400549; Drug Design; Enoyl-ACP Reductase; Enzyme Inhibitor; Enzyme Structure; FabI; Lipid Synthesis; Protein Drug Interaction; Staphylococcus aureus; Target Selectivity
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