title: The Maastricht Study: an extensive phenotyping study on determinants of type 2 diabetes, its complications and its comorbidities.
abstract: The Maastricht Study is an extensive phenotyping study that focuses on the etiology of type 2 diabetes (T2DM), its classic complications, and its emerging comorbidities. The study uses state-of-the-art imaging techniques and extensive biobanking to determine health status in a population-based cohort of 10,000 individuals that is enriched with T2DM individuals. Enrollment started in November 2010 and is anticipated to last 5-7 years. The Maastricht Study is expected to become one of the most extensive phenotyping studies in both the general population and T2DM participants world-wide. The Maastricht study will specifically focus on possible mechanisms that may explain why T2DM accelerates the development and progression of classic complications, such as cardiovascular disease, retinopathy, neuropathy and nephropathy and of emerging comorbidities, such as cognitive decline, depression, and gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal and respiratory diseases. In addition, it will also examine the association of these variables with quality of life and use of health care resources. This paper describes the rationale, overall study design, recruitment strategy and methods of basic measurements, and gives an overview of all measurements that are performed within The Maastricht Study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Randwycksingel 35, 6229 EG, Maastricht, The Netherlands, m.schram@maastrichtuniversity.nl.
authors.forename: Miranda T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Schram
authors.forename: Simone J S
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Sep
authors.forename: Carla J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: van der Kallen
authors.forename: Pieter C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Dagnelie
authors.forename: Annemarie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koster
authors.forename: Nicolaas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Schaper
authors.forename: Ronald M A
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Henry
authors.forename: Coen D A
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Stehouwer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D010641:Phenotype; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012944:Social Support; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
references.citation: Arch Intern Med. 2006 May 22;166(10):1092-7
references.pmid: 16717171
references.citation: Diabetologia. 2012 Nov;55(11):2895-905
references.pmid: 22890825
references.citation: J Pers Soc Psychol. 1990 Dec;59(6):1216-29
references.pmid: 2283588
references.citation: Med Care. 1993 Mar;31(3):247-63
references.pmid: 8450681
references.citation: JAMA. 2003 Oct 8;290(14):1884-90
references.pmid: 14532317
references.citation: Diabetes Care. 2008 Feb;31(2):369-71
references.pmid: 18000181
references.citation: Am J Med. 2010 Jun;123(6):556.e1-9
references.pmid: 20569763
references.citation: Pain. 2005 Mar;114(1-2):29-36
references.pmid: 15733628
references.citation: PLoS One. 2012;7(6):e37696
references.pmid: 22719846
references.citation: Neurology. 1999 Aug 11;53(3):537-42
references.pmid: 10449117
references.citation: Diabetologia. 2004 Oct;47(10):1747-59
references.pmid: 15517152
references.citation: Scand J Gastroenterol. 1997 Sep;32(9):920-4
references.pmid: 9299672
references.citation: Cephalalgia. 2004;24 Suppl 1:9-160
references.pmid: 14979299
references.citation: Diabetologia. 2012 Mar;55(3):589-99
references.pmid: 22167127
references.citation: PLoS One. 2012;7(4):e34916
references.pmid: 22514690
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2010 Sep 16;363(12):1128-38
references.pmid: 20843247
references.citation: Diabetes Care. 2004 Jan;27 Suppl 1:S79-83
references.pmid: 14693934
references.citation: Diabetes Care. 2004 May;27(5):1047-53
references.pmid: 15111519
references.citation: J Psychiatr Res. 1975 Nov;12(3):189-98
references.pmid: 1202204
references.citation: J Hypertens. 2002 Sep;20(9):1743-51
references.pmid: 12195114
references.citation: Diabetes Care. 2008 Mar;31(3):596-615
references.pmid: 18308683
references.citation: J Clin Psychiatry. 1998;59 Suppl 20:22-33;quiz 34-57
references.pmid: 9881538
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2011 Mar 03;364(9):829-841
references.pmid: 21366474
references.citation: J Clin Epidemiol. 1992 Oct;45(10):1101-9
references.pmid: 1474406
references.citation: Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001 Jun;33(6):962-70
references.pmid: 11404662
references.citation: Psychosom Med. 2005 Jan-Feb;67(1):89-97
references.pmid: 15673629
references.citation: Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2009 Oct;117(9):500-4
references.pmid: 19629934
references.citation: Lancet. 2012 Jul 21;380(9838):219-29
references.pmid: 22818936
references.citation: J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2006 Jan;12(1):80-9
references.pmid: 16433947
references.citation: Int J Sports Med. 2009 Mar;30(3):213-24
references.pmid: 19199202
references.citation: Diabetologia. 2008 Nov;51(11):1971-9
references.pmid: 18779946
references.citation: Diabetes Care. 2000 Sep;23(9):1305-9
references.pmid: 10977023
references.citation: Diabetes Care. 2011 Feb;34(2):497-503
references.pmid: 21270206
references.citation: Health Policy. 1996 Jul;37(1):53-72
references.pmid: 10158943
references.citation: Assessment. 2006 Mar;13(1):62-79
references.pmid: 16443719
references.citation: Lancet. 2005 Oct 8;366(9493):1267-78
references.pmid: 16214597
references.citation: Eur J Epidemiol. 1991 Jul;7(4):403-22
references.pmid: 1833235
references.citation: Diabetes. 2007 Mar;56(3):872-8
references.pmid: 17327459
references.citation: BMC Public Health. 2008 Jun 19;8:216
references.pmid: 18565222
references.citation: J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2006 Aug;28(6):998-1009
references.pmid: 16822738
references.citation: Lancet. 2011 Jul 9;378(9786):169-81
references.pmid: 21705072
references.citation: Bull World Health Organ. 2004 Nov;82(11):844-51
references.pmid: 15640920
references.citation: Disabil Rehabil. 2007 Oct 15;29(19):1502-9
references.pmid: 17852246
references.citation: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009 Jul 08;(3):CD001841
references.pmid: 19588327
references.citation: Curr Diabetes Rev. 2013 Jan 1;9(1):25-53
references.pmid: 22974359
references.citation: Br J Nutr. 2010 Aug;104(3):446-56
references.pmid: 20374682
references.citation: Diabetes. 2004 Dec;53 Suppl 3:S16-21
references.pmid: 15561905
references.citation: Diabetes Care. 1995 Sep;18(9):1270-3
references.pmid: 8612442
references.citation: Ann Behav Med. 2011 Feb;41(1):104-18
references.pmid: 20878293
references.citation: Neurology. 2001;56(6 Suppl 1):S20-8
references.pmid: 11294956
references.citation: Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003 Sep;35(9):1537-45
references.pmid: 12972874
references.citation: Sleep. 1991 Dec;14(6):540-5
references.pmid: 1798888
references.citation: Lancet. 2010 Jun 26;375(9733):2215-22
references.pmid: 20609967
references.citation: J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2005 May;11(3):290-302
references.pmid: 15892905
references.citation: J Gen Intern Med. 2001 Sep;16(9):606-13
references.pmid: 11556941
references.citation: Qual Life Res. 2004 Dec;13(10):1737-49
references.pmid: 15651544
references.citation: PLoS One. 2012;7(7):e39013
references.pmid: 22848347
references.citation: Psychol Assess. 2006 Dec;18(4):424-32
references.pmid: 17154763
references.citation: Am J Public Health. 1994 Aug;84(8):1270-3
references.pmid: 8059884