title: Cell phone use and parotid salivary gland alterations: no molecular evidence.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The association between cell phone use and the development of parotid tumors is controversial. Because there is unequivocal evidence that the microenvironment is important for tumor formation, we investigated in the parotid glands whether cell phone use alters the expression of gene products related to cellular stress.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used the saliva produced by the parotid glands of 62 individuals to assess molecular alterations compatible with cellular stress, comparing the saliva from the gland exposed to cell phone radiation (ipsilateral) to the saliva from the opposite, unexposed parotid gland (contralateral) of each individual. We compared salivary flow, total protein concentration, p53, p21, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and salivary levels of glutathione (GSH), heat shock proteins 27 and 70, and IgA between the ipsilateral and contralateral parotids.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No difference was found for any of these parameters, even when grouping individuals by period of cell phone use in years or by monthly average calls in minutes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We provide molecular evidence that the exposure of parotid glands to cell phone use does not alter parotid salivary flow, protein concentration, or levels of proteins of genes that are directly or indirectly affected by heat-induced cellular stress.
authors.affiliation: Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Oral Surgery and Pathology and.
authors.forename: Fabrício T A
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.affiliation: Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Oral Surgery and Pathology and.
authors.forename: Jeane F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Correia-Silva
authors.affiliation: Social and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry.
authors.forename: Efigênia F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Oral Surgery and Pathology and.
authors.forename: Elisa C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Siqueira
authors.affiliation: Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Oral Surgery and Pathology and.
authors.forename: Alessandra P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine; and.
authors.forename: Marcus Vinícius
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Gomez
authors.affiliation: Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Oral Surgery and Pathology and.
authors.forename: Ricardo S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Gomez
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil carolinacgomes@ufmg.br.
authors.forename: Carolina C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Gomes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D040421:Cell Phone; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010306:Parotid Gland; D012463:Saliva; D055815:Young Adult