title: [Influence of various bacterial ligand application methods on cytokine expression].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Study the production of cytokines in mice during vaccination with polycomponent Immunovac-VP-4 vaccine containing TLR ligands with various administration methods.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunovac-VP-4 was administered to mice by subcutaneous, intranasal or per oral methods. The preparation was administered nasally at a single dose of 500 microg in the volume of 30 microl. Per oral single dose was 2000 microg in the volume of 0.5 ml. 200 microg of the preparation was administered subcutaneously. Cytokines in blood sera were determined by EIA 8 hours after the administration of the vaccine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In mice 8 hours afterthe single administration of Immunovac-VP-4 the levels of IL-1beta, IL-6, IL- 12, IL-5 increased significantly. However their concentration differed depending on the method of administration. The most active expression of cytokines was observed during subcutaneous administration. The indexes of cytokine expression were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than during non-parenteral administration methods.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mucosal application methods along with parenteral were established to be able to activate effector mechanisms of immune repose with its consequent polarization by Th1/Th2 pathways. These mechanisms lay the groundwork for development of antigen-specific immune responses against antigens/pathogens.
authors.forename: È A
authors.initials: ÈA
authors.lastname: Akhmanov
authors.forename: N P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Utkina
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Sorokina
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Marakasova
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Kurbatova
authors.forename: O V
authors.initials: OV
authors.lastname: Lebedinskaia
authors.forename: N K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Akhmatova
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000276:immunology; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology*; D004306:Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008808:Mice, Inbred CBA; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D016207:Cytokines