title: Role of African protected areas in maintaining connectivity for large mammals.
abstract: The African protected area (PA) network has the potential to act as a set of functionally interconnected patches that conserve meta-populations of mammal species, but individual PAs are vulnerable to habitat change which may disrupt connectivity and increase extinction risk. Individual PAs have different roles in maintaining connectivity, depending on their size and location. We measured their contribution to network connectivity (irreplaceability) for carnivores and ungulates and combined it with a measure of vulnerability based on a 30-year trend in remotely sensed vegetation cover (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index). Highly irreplaceable PAs occurred mainly in southern and eastern Africa. Vegetation cover change was generally faster outside than inside PAs and particularly so in southern Africa. The extent of change increased with the distance from PAs. About 5% of highly irreplaceable PAs experienced a faster vegetation cover loss than their surroundings, thus requiring particular conservation attention. Our analysis identified PAs at risk whose isolation would disrupt the connectivity of the PA network for large mammals. This is an example of how ecological spatial modelling can be combined with large-scale remote sensing data to investigate how land cover change may affect ecological processes and species conservation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Remote Sensing, Remote Sensing and Biodiversity Research Group, University of Wuerzburg, , Wuerzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wegmann
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Santini
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Leutner
authors.forename: Kamran
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Safi
authors.forename: Duccio
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rocchini
authors.forename: Mirjana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bevanda
authors.forename: Hooman
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Latifi
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dech
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rondinini
mesh_terms: D000351:Africa, Eastern; D025041:Animal Migration; D000818:Animals; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D017753:Ecosystem; D008322:Mammals; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D063809:Satellite Imagery
keywords: AVHRR; GIMMS; NDVI; conservation; dispersal; protected area network
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