title: Use of short chain alkyl imidazolium ionic liquids for on-line stacking and sweeping of methotrexate, flinic acid and folic acid: their application to biological fluids.
abstract: Methotrexate (MTX) is widely used for the treatment of many types of cancer. Folinic acid (FNA) and folic acid (FA) were usually simultaneously supplemented with MTX to reduce the side effects of a folate deficiency. This study, for the first time, included on-line sample preconcentration by stacking and sweeping techniques under reduced or enhanced electric conductivity in the sample region using short chain alkyl imidazolium ionic liquids (ILs) as micelle forming agents for analyte focusing. Both analyte focusing by micelle collapse (AFMC) and sweeping-MEKC had been investigated for the comparison of their effectiveness to examine simultaneously MTX, FNA and FA in plasma and urine under physiological conditions. In sweeping-MEKC, the sample solution without micelles was hydrodynamically injected as a long plug into a fused-silica capillary pre-filled with phosphate buffer containing 3.0 mol/L of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide (BMIMBr). Using AFMC, the analytes were prepared in BMIMBr micellar matrix and hydrodynamically injected into the phosphate buffer without IL micelles. The conductivity ratio between BGE and sample (γ, BGE/sample) was optimized to be 3.0 in sweeping-MEKC and 0.33 in AFMC resulting the adequate separation of analytes within 4.0 min. To reduce the possibility of BMIMBr adsorption, an appropriate rinsing protocol was used. The limits of detection were calculated as 0.1 ng/mL MTX, 0.05 ng/mL FNA and 0.05 ng/mL FA by sweeping-MEKC and 0.5 ng/mL MTX, 0.3 ng/mL FNA and 0.3 ng/mL FA by AFMC. The accuracy was tested by recovery in plasma and urine matrices giving values ranging between 90 and 110%. Both stacking and sweeping by BMIMBr could be successfully used for the rapid, selective and sensitive determination of pharmaceuticals in complex matrices due to its fascinating properties, including high conductivity, good thermal stability and ability to form different types of interactions by electrostatic, hydrophobic, hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions. In sweeping-MEKC, the using of BMIMBr enhanced the γ factor, k retention factor and the injected amount of sample. Consequently, this technique offers particular potential for higher sensitivity by giving 22- and 5-fold sensitivity enhancement factors (SEFs) of MTX compared to CZE and AFMC, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, North Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
authors.forename: Deia
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Abd El-Hady
authors.forename: Hassan M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Albishri
authors.forename: Rajesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rengarajan
authors.forename: Hermann
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wätzig
mesh_terms: D020374:Chromatography, Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary / Q000379:methods*; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000737:chemistry*; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000737:chemistry*; D002955:Leucovorin / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000652:urine; D057230:Limit of Detection; D016014:Linear Models; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000652:urine; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D007093:Imidazoles; D052578:Ionic Liquids; C502841:1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride; D005492:Folic Acid; D002955:Leucovorin; D008727:Methotrexate
keywords: Folic acid; Folinic acid; Ionic liquids; Methotrexate; Stacking; Sweeping