title: The role of vitamin D deficiency and vitamin d receptor genotypes on the degree of collateralization in patients with suspected coronary artery disease.
abstract: We determined the association of vitamin D deficiency and the FokI polymorphism of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene in 760 patients who underwent angiography due to suspected coronary artery disease (CAD). Angiography and the Rentrop scoring system were used to classify the severity of CAD in each patient and to grade the extent of collateral development, respectively. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to determine the FokI VDR gene polymorphism. The prevalence of severe vitamin D deficiency (serum 25(OH)D<10 ng/mL) was significantly higher in patients with at least one stenotic coronary artery compared to those without any stenotic coronary arteries. Severe vitamin D deficiency was not independently associated with collateralization, but it was significantly associated with the VDR genotypes. In turn, VDR genotype was independently associated with the degree of collateralization; the Rentrop scores were the highest in FF, intermediate in Ff, and the lowest in the ff genotype. The results show that FokI polymorphism is independently associated with collateralization. Additionally, vitamin D deficiency is more prevalent in patients with CAD that may result from FokI polymorphism. Therefore, maintaining a normal vitamin D status should be a high priority for patients with CAD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Nutrition, and Diabetes, Vitamin D, Skin, and Bone Research Laboratory, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA ; Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417653911, Iran.
authors.forename: Arash
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2847-4737
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hossein-Nezhad
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Nutrition, and Diabetes, Vitamin D, Skin, and Bone Research Laboratory, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA ; Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417653911, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyede Mahdieh
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Eshaghi
authors.affiliation: Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417653911, Iran.
authors.forename: Zhila
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Maghbooli
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417653911, Iran.
authors.forename: Khadijeh
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mirzaei
authors.affiliation: Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417653911, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahmood
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shirzad
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Nutrition, and Diabetes, Vitamin D, Skin, and Bone Research Laboratory, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
authors.forename: Bryon
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-3666-2498
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Curletto
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Nutrition, and Diabetes, Vitamin D, Skin, and Bone Research Laboratory, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
authors.forename: Tai C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D003097:Collateral Circulation / Q000235:genetics*; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D015252:Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol / Q000235:genetics*; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol; C035042:endodeoxyribonuclease FokI; D015252:Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific
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