title: Intra-operative music listening for anxiety, the BIS index, and the vital signs of patients undergoing regional anesthesia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of intraoperative music listening on anxiety, the BIS index, and the vital signs of patients undergoing regional anesthesia in an operating room.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty patients who were scheduled for a surgery that would use regional anesthesia were allocated to either the music therapy group listened to music using headphones for the entire surgery or no-treatment control group. Outcome measures were blood pressure (BP) and the BIS index.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Anxiety was significantly differed between the two groups (t=11.27, p=<.001). The BIS index was significantly lower in the experimental group than the control group from 15min to the end of the operation (F=7.25, p<.001). Vital signs marginally differed between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Music therapy during surgery maybe an effective nursing intervention that relieves anxiety and increases sedation in patients undergoing surgery with regional anesthesia.
authors.affiliation: Kunsan College of Nursing, Kunsan, South Korea. Electronic address: bil333@kcn.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Ikyul
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.affiliation: Appenzeller School of Public Administration, Paichai University, Daejeon, South Korea. Electronic address: hmlim@pcu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Heon Man
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing, Eulji University, Daejeon, South Korea. Electronic address: mhhur@eulji.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Myung-Haeng
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Hur
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea. Electronic address: drmslee@gmail.com.
authors.forename: MyeongSoo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000765:Anesthesia, Conduction; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009147:Music Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D056910:Republic of Korea
keywords: Anxiety; Blood pressure; Listen; Music; Regional anesthesia