title: Individualized proteomics.
abstract: Human individuals differ from one another in almost all of their genes due to single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). When the maternal and the paternal genomes become combined in a F1 individual, the two alleles of each gene represent arbitrary combinations. In consequence, individuals show high variability in protein expression. Furthermore, within a proteome, the proteins form networks of protein-protein interactions. These networks differ between individuals in robustness against genetic or/and environmental perturbation due to polymorphisms, which differ in type and composition between individuals, and modify the arrangement of proteins in the proteomic network. As a general conclusion, the robustness of a human individual against diseases may depend on the structure and expression of the protein-protein interaction network that varies in its functional efficiency between individuals due to "network-polymorphisms". This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: 20years of Proteomics in memory of Viatliano Pallini. Guest Editors: Luca Bini, Juan J. Calvete, Natacha Turck, Denis Hochstrasser and Jean-Charles Sanchez.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Forler
authors.affiliation: Institute for Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Germany; Core Unit Proteomics, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.affiliation: Institute for Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Germany; Core Unit Proteomics, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: joachim.klose@charite.de.
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Klose
mesh_terms: D000846:Anniversaries and Special Events; D005260:Female; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D057285:Precision Medicine / Q000266:history / Q000379:methods*; D020543:Proteome / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D040901:Proteomics / Q000266:history / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D020543:Proteome
keywords: 2-D electrophoresis; Heart proteome; Mass spectrometry; Protein polymorphisms; Proteome robustness; Proteomic network