title: Parent-adolescent interaction and risk of adolescent internet addiction: a population-based study in Shanghai.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Family-based intervention is essential for adolescents with behavioral problems. However, limited data are available on the relationship between family-based factors and adolescent internet addiction (AIA). We aimed to examine this relationship using a representative sample of Shanghai adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  In October 2007, a total of 5122 adolescents were investigated from 16 high schools via stratified-random sampling in Shanghai. Self-reported and anonymous questionnaires were used to assess parent-adolescent interaction and family environments. AIA was assessed by DRM-52 Scale, developed from Young's Internet-addiction Scale, using seven subscales to evaluate psychological symptoms of AIA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adjusting for adolescents' ages, genders, socio-economic status, school performances and levels of the consumption expenditure, strong parental disapproval of internet-use was associated with AIA (vs. parental approval, OR = 2.20, 95% CI: 1.24-3.91). Worse mother-adolescent relationships were more significantly associated with AIA (OR = 3.79, 95% CI: 2.22-6.48) than worse father-adolescent relationships (OR = 1.76, 95% CI: 1.10-2.80). Marital status of "married-but-separated" and family structure of "left-behind adolescents" were associated with symptoms of some subscales. When having high monthly allowance, resident students tended to develop AIA but commuter students did not. Family social-economic status was not associated with the development of AIA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The quality of parent-adolescent relationship/communication was closely associated with the development of AIA, and maternal factors were more significantly associated with development of AIA than paternal factors. Family social-economic status moderated adolescent internet-use levels but not the development of AIA.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Li-Xiao
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Xinhua Hospital, MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Department of Child and Adolescent Healthcare, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. yanch@shkeylab-ceh.org.
authors.forename: Chong-Huai
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Howard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Sudha Rani
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Kotha
authors.forename: Fengxiu
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ouyang
authors.forename: Li-Na
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xiang-Peng
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jin-Song
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xiao-Ming
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Shen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016739:Behavior, Addictive / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D002681:China; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D012307:Risk Factors; D012923:Social Class; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
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