title: The utility of the Edinburgh Depression Scale as a screening tool for depression in Parkinson's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to evaluate the Edinburgh Depression Scale (EDS) as a screening tool for use in a Parkinson's disease (PD) population. Many commonly used depression scales include items relating to somatic symptoms that also occur in PD, which could potentially result in inaccurate reporting of depressive symptoms. The EDS is a scale that incorporates no somatic items.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred twenty patients attending specialist PD clinics were assessed using a standardised diagnostic interview (Present State Examination--Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry) to establish a diagnosis of DSM-IV depression. They later completed the EDS with another researcher who was blind to the results of diagnostic interview. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was carried out to identify the optimal threshold score on the EDS and the Brief EDS to identify any depressive disorder or major depression. The performance characteristics at a range of thresholds were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A cut-off score of 10/11 gave maximal discriminant validity, with 74% sensitivity, 92% specificity and 64% positive predictive value for the identification of any depression according to DSM-IV criteria.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that the EDS is both a valid and potentially useful instrument that can be used as a quick self-completion questionnaire for screening for depression in people who have PD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baillon
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lindesay
authors.forename: Pravin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Prabhakaran
authors.forename: Oli
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hands
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stacey
authors.forename: Sandhya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gaur
authors.forename: Aniruddha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rajkonwar
authors.forename: Jayaraj
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Padmanabhan
authors.forename: Deepak
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shukla
authors.forename: Santanu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chakrabarti
authors.forename: Nelson
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dennis
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000523:psychology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000592:standards*; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods*; D012372:ROC Curve; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
keywords: Edinburgh Depression Scale; Parkinson's disease; depression; validity