title: Corticospinal excitability preceding the grasping of emotion-laden stimuli.
abstract: Evolutionary theories posit that emotions prime organisms for action. This study examined whether corticospinal excitability (CSE) is modulated by the emotional valence of a to-be-grasped stimulus. CSE was estimated based on the amplitude of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) elicited using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and recorded on the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscle. Participants were instructed to grasp (ACTION condition) or just look at (NO-ACTION condition) unpleasant, pleasant and neutral stimuli. TMS pulses were applied randomly at 500 or 250 ms before a go signal. MEP amplitudes were normalized within condition by computing a ratio for the emotion-laden stimuli by reference to the neutral stimuli. A divergent valence effect was observed in the ACTION condition, where the CSE ratio was higher during the preparation to grasp unpleasant compared to pleasant stimuli. In addition, the CSE ratio was lower for pleasant stimuli during the ACTION condition compared to the NO-ACTION condition. Altogether, these results indicate that motor preparation is selectively modulated by the valence of the stimulus to be grasped. The lower CSE for pleasant stimuli may result from the need to refrain from executing an imminent action.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neurobiology II, Neurobiology Program, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Physiology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil.
authors.forename: Anaelli Aparecida
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Nogueira-Campos
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neurobiology II, Neurobiology Program, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Post-graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Augusto Motta University Center, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Laura Alice Santos
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Della-Maggiore
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neurobiology II, Neurobiology Program, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paula Oliveira
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Esteves
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neurobiology II, Neurobiology Program, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Post-graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Augusto Motta University Center, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Erika de Carvalho
authors.initials: Ede C
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neurobiology II, Neurobiology Program, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Claudia D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Vargas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D019054:Evoked Potentials, Motor / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011712:Pyramidal Tracts / Q000502:physiology*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation; D055815:Young Adult
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