title: Anatomic double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using in situ hamstring graft with 4 tunnels.
abstract: A careful review of the literature suggests that a significant number of patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction have less-than-optimal results. Although overall outcomes of ACL reconstruction are favorable, there remains considerable room for improvement. Anatomically, the ACL consists of 2 major functional bundles, the anteromedial bundle and the posterolateral bundle. Biomechanically, both bundles contribute significantly to the anterior and rotational stability of the knee. Therefore anatomic double-bundle ACL reconstruction techniques may further improve the outcomes in ACL surgery. This article presents a technique for arthroscopic double-bundle ACL reconstruction that includes the use of 2 femoral and 2 tibial tunnels to restore both the anteromedial and posterolateral bundles of the ACL with minimal hardware for fixation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Institute of Musculoskeletal System, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ahmad M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Wagih
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