title: Wide nervous section to prevent post-operative inguinodynia after prosthetic hernia repair: a single center experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic post-operative inguinodynia occurs in about 10 % of patients undergoing inguinal hernioplasty with prosthesis; it is characterized by a broad pleomorphism of symptoms, including relative to individual variability of algic perception. Its intensity can also potentially jeopardize patient's work and social activities. The most notorious cause of inguinodynia is neuropathy, resulting from the involvement of one or more inguinal nerves (iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal and genitofemoral nerves) in fibroblastic processes, or from nervous stimulation, caused by prosthetic material on adjacent nervous trunks. The aim of our study was to provide a comparative analysis between outcomes of wide nerve resection vs. nerve sparing.
  
  
  METHODS
  In our hospital, between 2000 and 2010, 600 patients underwent monolateral prosthetic inguinal hernia repair, using the original Trabucco technique. In 345 cases, to avoid chronic post-operative pain, we carried out intentional neurectomy, between 3 and 8 cm in length of either the main and/or peripheral branches of the iliohypogastric nerve, ilioinguinal nerve and the genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve, deemed at risk of entrapment because of the prosthetic material. In the control group, which included the other 255 patients, nerves were identified and spared. Follow-up was scheduled at 1 week, 1 month and 1 year after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  
  
  
  METHODS
  1 week after the operation, 135 patients (39.1 %) did not show pain, 201 (58.3 %) reported moderate pain and 9 (2.6 %) showed intense pain; 1 month after the procedure, 300 patients (87 %) did not have pain, 39 (11.3 %) complained of moderate pain and 6 (1.7 %) demonstrated severe pain; 1 year after surgery, only two patients (0.6 %) complained of persistent pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  At the 1-week follow-up, 114 patients (44.7 %) did not show pain, 111 (43.5 %) reported moderate pain and 30 (11.8 %) intense pain; 1 month after the procedure, 183 patients (71.8 %) did not have pain, 45 (17.6 %) complained of moderate pain and 27 (10.6%) showed severe pain; 1 year after surgery, 11 patients (4.3 %) had persistent pain, and two of them were re-submitted to surgery. The lower incidence of chronic pain after nerve resection is statistically significant (0.6 vs. 4.3 % p = 0.0048); the incidence of moderate pain 1 month after the operation is also lower (11.3 vs. 17.6 % p = 0.0097). In addition, among patients subjected to nerve resection there is a faster resolution of algetic symptomatology, over the course of a month; also noteworthy is the lower incidence of intense pain in the short-and medium-term (after 1 week, 11.8 vs. 2.6 % p = 0.0006 ; after 1 month, 10.6 vs. 1.7 % p < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the apparent paradox of an higher tissue damage, elective neurectomy of selected segments of inguinal nerves, appears an effective technique in preventing chronic postherniorraphy pain, considering both the lower incidence and the faster resolution of painful symptomatology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Science, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy, marco.zannoni@unipr.it.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zannoni
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nisi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iaria
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Luzietti
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sianesi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Viani
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D006119:Groin; D006552:Hernia, Inguinal / Q000601:surgery*; D059685:Herniorrhaphy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009437:Neuralgia / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010525:Peripheral Nerves / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013526:Surgical Mesh / Q000009:adverse effects; D055815:Young Adult
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