title: Examination of metals from aerospace-related activity in surface water samples from sites surrounding the Kennedy Space Center (KSC), Florida.
abstract: Metal contamination from Space Shuttle launch activity was examined using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy in a two-tier study sampling surface water collected from several sites at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) and associated Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge in east central Florida. The primary study examined both temporal changes in baseline metal concentrations (19 metals) in surface water (1996 to 2009, 11 sites) samples collected at specific long-term monitoring sites and metal deposition directly associated with Space Shuttle launch activity at two Launch Complexes (LC39A and LC39B). A secondary study examined metal concentrations at additional sites and increased the amount of elements measured to 48 elements. Our examination places a heavy focus on those metals commonly associated with launch operations (e.g., Al, Fe, Mn, and Zn), but a brief discussion of other metals (As, Cu, Mo, Ni, and Pb) is also included. While no observable accumulation of metals occurred during the time period of the study, the data obtained postlaunch demonstrated a dramatic increase for Al, Fe, Mn, and Zn. Comparing overall trends between the primary and secondary baseline surface water concentrations, elevated concentrations were generally observed at sampling stations located near the launch complexes and from sites isolated from major water systems. While there could be several natural and anthropogenic sources for metal deposition at KSC, the data in this report indicate that shuttle launch events are a significant source.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) , Hollings Marine Laboratory, Charleston, South Carolina 29412, United States.
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Bowden
authors.forename: Theresa M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Cantu
authors.forename: Douglas M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Scheidt
authors.forename: Russell H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Lowers
authors.forename: Brian A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Nocito
authors.forename: Vaneica Y
authors.initials: VY
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: Louis J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Guillette
mesh_terms: D002138:Calibration; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005431:Florida; D008670:Metals / Q000032:analysis*; D012015:Reference Standards; D013026:Space Flight; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D008670:Metals; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical