title: Lasting effects of workplace strength training for neck/shoulder/arm pain among laboratory technicians: natural experiment with 3-year follow-up.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated long-term effects and implementation processes of workplace strength training for musculoskeletal disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  333 and 140 laboratory technicians from private and public sector companies, respectively, replied to a 3-year follow-up questionnaire subsequent to a 1-year randomized controlled trial (RCT) with high-intensity strength training for prevention and treatment of neck, shoulder, and arm pain. Being a natural experiment, the two participating companies implemented and modified the initial training program in different ways during the subsequent 2 years after the RCT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 3-year follow-up the pain reduction in neck, shoulder, elbow, and wrist achieved during the first year was largely maintained at both companies. However, the private sector company was rated significantly better than the public sector company in (1) training adherence, (2) training culture, that is, relatively more employees trained at the workplace and with colleagues, (3) self-reported health changes, and (4) prevention of neck and wrist pain development among initially pain-free employees.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This natural experiment shows that strength training can be implemented successfully at different companies during working hours on a long-term basis with lasting effects on pain in neck, shoulder, and arm.
authors.affiliation: Novozymes A/S, Medical Centre, 2880 Bagsværd, Denmark.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3994-9956
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mortensen
authors.affiliation: Novozymes A/S, Medical Centre, 2880 Bagsværd, Denmark.
authors.forename: Anders I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.affiliation: Arthroscopic Centre Amager & Gait Analysis Laboratory, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark.
authors.forename: Mette K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Zebis
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Mogens T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark.
authors.forename: Gisela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sjøgaard
authors.affiliation: National Research Centre for the Working Environment, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Lars L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Andersen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001132:Arm / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D059232:Laboratory Personnel; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D019547:Neck Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010146:Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010349:Patient Compliance; D017149:Private Sector; D017150:Public Sector; D055070:Resistance Training; D012782:Shoulder / Q000503:physiopathology; D014953:Wrist / Q000503:physiopathology*
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