title: Nationwide radiation dose survey of computed tomography for fetal skeletal dysplasias.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recently, computed tomography (CT) has been used to diagnose fetal skeletal dysplasia. However, no surveys have been conducted to determine the radiation exposure dose and the diagnostic reference level (DRL).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To collect CT dose index volume (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP) data from domestic hospitals implementing fetal skeletal 3-D CT and to establish DRLs for Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  Scan data of 125 cases of 20 protocols from 16 hospitals were analyzed. The minimum, first-quartile, median, third-quartile and maximum values of CTDIvol and DLP were determined. The time-dependent change in radiation dose setting in hospitals with three or more cases with scans was also examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The minimum, first-quartile, median, third-quartile and maximum CTDIvol values were 2.1, 3.7, 7.7, 11.3 and 23.1 mGy, respectively, and these values for DLP were 69.0, 122.3, 276.8, 382.6 and 1025.6 mGy·cm, respectively. Six of the 12 institutions reduced the dose setting during the implementation period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The DRLs of CTDIvol and DLP for fetal CT were 11.3 mGy and 382.6 mGy·cm, respectively. Institutions implementing fetal CT should use these established DRLs as the standard and make an effort to reduce radiation exposure by voluntarily decreasing the dose.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan, osamu-m@rc4.so-net.ne.jp.
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sawai
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Murotsuki
authors.forename: Gen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Horiuchi
mesh_terms: D001848:Bone Diseases, Developmental / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003625:Data Collection / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D007564:Japan; D011247:Pregnancy; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis / Q000379:methods*; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*
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