title: Congenital absence of the pericardium.
abstract: Congenital absence of the pericardium is a rare cardiac malformation and is most often asymptomatic. It is usually discovered as an incidental finding. Physical examination, chest radiography, and electrocardiogram are often unremarkable. Echocardiography provides valuable information, and sometimes computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging is needed for subsequent confirmation.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea. ; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea. ; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Seok
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea. ; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Goo-Yeong
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea. ; Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Il
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Choi
keywords: Absence of the pericardium; Complete defect; Partial defect
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