title: Enhancing provision of written medicine information in Australia: pharmacist, general practitioner and consumer perceptions of the barriers and facilitators.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Written medicine information can play an important role in educating consumers about their medicines. In Australia, standardised, comprehensive written information known as Consumer Medicine Information (CMI) is available for all prescription medicines. CMI is reportedly under-utilised by general practitioners (GPs) and community pharmacists in consultations, despite consumer desire for medicine information. This study aimed to determine consumers', GPs' and community pharmacists' preferences for CMI provision and identify barriers and facilitators to its use.
  
  
  METHODS
  Structured questionnaires were developed and administered to a national sample of Australian consumers (phone survey), community pharmacists and GPs (postal surveys) surrounding utilisation of CMI. Descriptive and comparative analyses were conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Half of consumers surveyed wanted to receive CMI for their prescription medicine, with spoken information preferable to written medicine information for many consumers and healthcare professionals. GPs and pharmacists remained a preferred source of medicine information for consumers, although package inserts were appealing to many among all three cohorts. Overall pharmacists were the preferred provider of CMI primarily due to their medicine expertise, accessibility and perceived availability. GPs preferred CMI dissemination through both the GP and pharmacist. Some consumers preferred GPs as the provider of medicines information because of their knowledge of the patients' medicines and/or medical history, regularity of seeing the patient and good relationship with the patient. Common barriers to CMI provision cited included: time constraints, CMI length and perceptions that patients are not interested in receiving CMI. Facilitators to enhance provision included: strategies to increase consumer awareness, longer consultation times and counseling appointments, and improvements to pharmacy software technology and workflow.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Medicine information is important to consumers, whether as spoken, written or a combination of both. A tailored approach is needed to ascertain individual patient preference for delivery and scope of medicine information desired so that appropriate information is provided. The barriers of time and perceived attitudes of healthcare practitioners present challenges which may be overcome through changes to workplace practices, adoption of identified facilitators, and education about the positive benefits of CMI as a tool to engage and empower patients.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Pharmacy & Bank Building A15, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia. kim.hamrosi@sydney.edu.au.
authors.forename: Kim K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Hamrosi
authors.forename: David K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Raynor
authors.forename: Parisa
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Aslani
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001315:Australia; D003258:Consumer Behavior; D005260:Female; D058005:General Practitioners; D058015:Health Communication; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D010465:Perception; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D010595:Pharmacists; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations
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