title: A comparison of DSM-IV pervasive developmental disorder and DSM-5 autism spectrum disorder prevalence in an epidemiologic sample.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Changes in autism diagnostic criteria found in DSM-5 may affect autism spectrum disorder (ASD) prevalence, research findings, diagnostic processes, and eligibility for clinical and other services. Using our published, total-population Korean prevalence data, we compute DSM-5 ASD and social communication disorder (SCD) prevalence and compare them with DSM-IV pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) prevalence estimates. We also describe individuals previously diagnosed with DSM-IV PDD when diagnoses change with DSM-5 criteria.
  
  
  METHODS
  The target population was all children from 7 to 12 years of age in a South Korean community (N = 55,266), those in regular and special education schools, and a disability registry. We used the Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire for systematic, multi-informant screening. Parents of screen-positive children were offered comprehensive assessments using standardized diagnostic procedures, including the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule. Best-estimate clinical diagnoses were made using DSM-IV PDD and DSM-5 ASD and SCD criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DSM-5 ASD estimated prevalence was 2.20% (95% confidence interval = 1.77-3.64). Combined DSM-5 ASD and SCD prevalence was virtually the same as DSM-IV PDD prevalence (2.64%). Most children with autistic disorder (99%), Asperger disorder (92%), and PDD-NOS (63%) met DSM-5 ASD criteria, whereas 1%, 8%, and 32%, respectively, met SCD criteria. All remaining children (2%) had other psychopathology, principally attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and anxiety disorder.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that most individuals with a prior DSM-IV PDD meet DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for ASD and SCD. PDD, ASD or SCD; extant diagnostic criteria identify a large, clinically meaningful group of individuals and families who require evidence-based services.
authors.affiliation: Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, the Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, and Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Young Shin
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fombonne
authors.affiliation: Korea Institute for Children's Social Development ("Rudolph"), Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Yun-Joo
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.affiliation: University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
authors.forename: Soo-Jeong
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Keun-Ah
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Cheon
authors.affiliation: Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea, and the University of Illinois, Chicago, IL. Electronic address: bennett.leventhal@nki.rfmh.org.
authors.forename: Bennett L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Leventhal
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002659:Child Development Disorders, Pervasive / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D056910:Republic of Korea; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: ASD; DSM-5; DSM-IV; SCD; prevalence
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