title: Outcome of male breast cancer: a matched single-institution series.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Breast cancer occurs rarely in men, accounting for approximately 1% of all breast carcinomas. Data on prognosis principally derive from retrospective studies and from extrapolation of female breast cancer series.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 99 men with invasive breast cancer were matched with 198 women with breast cancer who had surgery at the same institution from 1999 to 2010. Matching variables were year of surgery, age, primary tumor size, nodal involvement, hormone receptor status, status of HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 [ERBB2]), Ki-67, and grade. Median follow-up was 8.6 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Disease-free survival (DFS) was significantly poorer in the men (10-year DFS, 51.7% vs. 66.5%; hazard ratio [HR], 1.79; 95% CI, 1.19-2.68; P = .004). Similar results were observed for overall survival (OS) (10-year OS, 70.7% vs. 84.2%; HR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.01-3.15; P = .043). The cumulative incidence of death for causes not related to the primary breast cancer was significantly higher for men than for women (HR, 2.87; 95% CI, 1.58-5.22; P = .001), whereas the breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) was similar between the 2 groups (10-year BCSS, 81.5% vs. 88%; HR, 1.27; 95% CI, 0.62-2.59; P = .517).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This comparative series found that men with breast cancer had a poorer DFS and OS when compared with women. The men also had a higher risk of contralateral tumors and second primaries. Appropriate counseling, surveillance, and prevention are recommended to improve survival for these individuals.
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Senology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: monica.iorfida@ieo.it.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iorfida
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bagnardi
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rotmensz
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Senology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Munzone
authors.affiliation: Division of Prevention and Genetics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Bernardo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bonanni
authors.affiliation: Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; University of Milan School of Medicine, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Viale
authors.affiliation: Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; University of Milan School of Medicine, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Giancarlo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pruneri
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Senology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Manuelita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mazza
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Senology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cardillo
authors.affiliation: Division of Senology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; University of Milan School of Medicine, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Veronesi
authors.affiliation: Division of Senology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Luini
authors.affiliation: Division of Senology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Viviana
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Galimberti
authors.affiliation: Scientific Direction, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Aron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goldhirsch
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Senology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Colleoni
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D018567:Breast Neoplasms, Male / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008408:Mastectomy; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D011878:Radiotherapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor
keywords: Counseling; Men; Prevention; Second primaries; Survival