title: Remediation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in soil using Ni/Fe bimetallic nanoparticles: influencing factors, kinetics and mechanism.
abstract: Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are commonly used as additive flame retardants in all kinds of electronic products. PBDEs are now ubiquitous in the environment, with soil as a major sink, especially in e-waste recycling sites. This study investigated the degradation of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE209) in a spiked soil using Ni/Fe bimetallic nanoparticles. The results indicated that Ni/Fe bimetallic nanoparticles are able to degrade BDE209 in soil at ambient temperature and the removal efficiency can reach 72% when an initial pH of 5.6 and at a Ni/Fe dosage of 0.03 g/g. A declining trend in degradation was noticed with decreasing Ni loading and increasing of initial BDE209 concentration. The degradation products of BDE209 were analyzed by GC-MS, which showed that the degradation of BDE209 was a process of stepwise debromination from nBr to (n-1)Br. And a possible debromination pathway was proposed. At last, the degradation process was analyzed as two-step mechanism, mass transfer and reaction. This current study shows the potential ability of Ni/Fe nanoparticles to be used for removal of PBDEs in contaminated soil.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 51006, China; Guangdong Technology Research Center for Ecological Management and Remediation of Urban Water System, Guangzhou 51006, China.
authors.forename: Yingying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 51006, China; Guangdong Technology Research Center for Ecological Management and Remediation of Urban Water System, Guangzhou 51006, China. Electronic address: zhqfang@scnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zhanqiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 51006, China; Guangdong Technology Research Center for Ecological Management and Remediation of Urban Water System, Guangzhou 51006, China.
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Hong Kong Institute of Education, Hong Kong 00852, China.
authors.forename: Pokeung Eric
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Tsang
authors.affiliation: Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
authors.forename: Dongye
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000379:methods*; D005411:Flame Retardants / Q000032:analysis; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D007501:Iron / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D007700:Kinetics; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D009532:Nickel / Q000737:chemistry*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D005411:Flame Retardants; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D009532:Nickel; D007501:Iron
keywords: Degradation; Mechanism; Ni/Fe bimetallic nanoparticles; Polybrominated diphenyl ethers; Soil