title: Circulating HFMD-associated coxsackievirus A16 is genetically and phenotypically distinct from the prototype CV-A16.
abstract: Human enteroviruses (HEV) have been linked to hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in the Pacific and Southeast Asia for decades. Many cases of HFMD have been attributed to coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16, CA16), based on only partial viral genome determination. Viral phenotypes are also poorly defined. Herein, we have genetically and phenotypically characterized multiple circulating CV-A16 viruses from HFMD patients and determined multiple full-length sequences of these circulating viruses. We discovered that the circulating CV-A16 viruses from HFMD patients are genetically distinct from the proto-type CV-A16 G10. We have also isolated circulating CV-A16 viruses from hospitalized HFMD patients and compared their virological differences. Interestingly, circulating CV-A16 viruses are more pathogenic in a neonatal mouse model than is CV-A16 G10. Thus, we have found circulating recombinant forms of CV-A16 (CRF CV-A16) that are related to, but different from, the prototype CV-A16 G10 that have distinct biological phenotypes.
authors.affiliation: Insititute of Virology and AIDS Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: School of life science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Haoran
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Insititute of Virology and AIDS Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
authors.forename: Jingliang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.
authors.forename: Sangsang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
authors.forename: Zhenhong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Department of infectious Diseases, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
authors.forename: Wanguo
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.affiliation: Hefei Vocational and Technical College, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Insititute of Virology and AIDS Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Insititute of Virology and AIDS Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
authors.forename: Wenyan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
authors.forename: Yulai
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Markham
authors.affiliation: Insititute of Virology and AIDS Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China; School of life science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.
authors.forename: Xiao-Fang
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D004274:DNA, Recombinant / Q000235:genetics; D004770:Enterovirus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D016679:Genome, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D023281:Genomics; D006232:Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010641:Phenotype; D014709:Vero Cells
chemical_list: D004274:DNA, Recombinant
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