title: Heritable changes in regional cortical thickness with age.
abstract: It is now well established that regional indices of brain structure such as cortical thickness, surface area or grey matter volume exhibit spatially variable patterns of heritability. However, a recent study found these patterns to change with age during development, a result supported by gene expression studies. Changes in heritability have not been investigated in adulthood so far and could have important implications in the study of heritability and genetic correlations in the brain as well as in the discovery of specific genes explaining them. Herein, we tested for genotype by age (G ×A) interactions, an extension of genotype by environment interactions, through adulthood and healthy aging in 902 subjects from the Genetics of Brain Structure (GOBS) study. A "jackknife" based method for the analysis of stable cortical thickness clusters (JASC) and scale selection is also introduced. Although additive genetic variance remained constant throughout adulthood, we found evidence for incomplete pleiotropy across age in the cortical thickness of paralimbic and parieto-temporal areas. This suggests that different genetic factors account for cortical thickness heritability at different ages in these regions.
authors.affiliation: McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada.
authors.forename: Francois
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chouinard-Decorte
authors.forename: D Reese
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: McKay
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.forename: Budhachandra
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Khundrakpam
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Sherif
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karama
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rioux
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sprooten
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Knowles
authors.forename: Jack W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kent
authors.forename: Joanne E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Curran
authors.forename: Harald H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Göring
authors.forename: Thomas D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Dyer
authors.forename: Rene L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Olvera
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kochunov
authors.forename: Ravi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Duggirala
authors.forename: Peter T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Almasy
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Blangero
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bellec
authors.forename: Alan C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Glahn
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000473:pathology*; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D058685:Genetic Pleiotropy; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009929:Organ Size; D010641:Phenotype; D055815:Young Adult
references.citation: PLoS One. 2012;7(5):e37714
references.pmid: 22666384
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2002 Jan;15(1):273-89
references.pmid: 11771995
references.citation: Behav Genet. 2010 Mar;40(2):114-24
references.pmid: 20112130
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2010 Nov 15;53(3):1135-46
references.pmid: 20006715
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2005 Feb 1;24(3):656-66
references.pmid: 15652301
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Nov 19;110(47):19006-11
references.pmid: 24191011
references.citation: Hum Biol. 1993 Dec;65(6):941-66
references.pmid: 8300087
references.citation: Neuroreport. 2011 Feb 16;22(3):101-5
references.pmid: 21233781
references.citation: Science. 2012 Mar 30;335(6076):1634-6
references.pmid: 22461613
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2006 Oct 4;26(40):10235-42
references.pmid: 17021179
references.citation: Hum Brain Mapp. 2009 Jan;30(1):163-74
references.pmid: 18041741
references.citation: Nat Rev Neurol. 2011 Jul 05;7(8):429-38
references.pmid: 21727938
references.citation: Cereb Cortex. 2009 Nov;19(11):2728-35
references.pmid: 19299253
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2004 Sep;23(1):84-97
references.pmid: 15325355
references.citation: Twin Res Hum Genet. 2012 Jun;15(3):304-14
references.pmid: 22856366
references.citation: J Cogn Neurosci. 2000 Jan;12(1):223-32
references.pmid: 10769318
references.citation: Am J Hum Genet. 1998 May;62(5):1198-211
references.pmid: 9545414
references.citation: Hum Brain Mapp. 2006 Dec;27(12):957-62
references.pmid: 16628607
references.citation: IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 1998 Feb;17(1):87-97
references.pmid: 9617910
references.citation: Genome Res. 2010 Sep;20(9):1207-18
references.pmid: 20647238
references.citation: Neurobiol Aging. 2000 Jan-Feb;21(1):63-74
references.pmid: 10794850
references.citation: IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell. 2005 Jun;27(6):835-50
references.pmid: 15943417
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2012 Jul 16;61(4):1129-42
references.pmid: 22440648
references.citation: Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2011 Jul;156B(5):561-8
references.pmid: 21557468
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2008 Sep 10;28(37):9239-48
references.pmid: 18784304
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2007 Feb 15;34(4):1535-44
references.pmid: 17188895
references.citation: Hum Brain Mapp. 2002 Nov;17(3):143-55
references.pmid: 12391568
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2010 Jul 1;51(3):1126-39
references.pmid: 20226257
references.citation: Cereb Cortex. 2008 Oct;18(10):2374-81
references.pmid: 18267952
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2005 Aug 1;27(1):210-21
references.pmid: 15896981
references.citation: J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1994 Mar-Apr;18(2):192-205
references.pmid: 8126267
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2010 Nov 15;53(3):1117-25
references.pmid: 20074649
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2010 Jan 15;49(2):1213-23
references.pmid: 19786105
references.citation: Nat Neurosci. 2001 Dec;4(12):1253-8
references.pmid: 11694885
references.citation: Neuroscience. 2012 Sep 18;220:169-78
references.pmid: 22728098
references.citation: Nature. 2004 Jun 24;429(6994):883-91
references.pmid: 15190254
references.citation: Cereb Cortex. 2008 Sep;18(9):2181-91
references.pmid: 18234686
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2000 Sep;12(3):340-56
references.pmid: 10944416
references.citation: Curr Biol. 2006 May 23;16(10):R359-60
references.pmid: 16713941
references.citation: Cereb Cortex. 2007 Oct;17(10):2407-19
references.pmid: 17204824
references.citation: Nat Rev Genet. 2006 Jan;7(1):9-20
references.pmid: 16369568
references.citation: Biol Psychiatry. 2010 Mar 1;67(5):493-9
references.pmid: 19963208
references.citation: Nature. 2003 Apr 24;422(6934):849-57
references.pmid: 12712196
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Oct 15;110(42):17089-94
references.pmid: 24082094
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2002 Sep;17(1):256-71
references.pmid: 12482082