title: Optimization conditions of samples saponification for tocopherol analysis.
abstract: A full factorial design 2(2) (two factors at two levels) with duplicates was performed to investigate the influence of the factors agitation time (2 and 4 h) and the percentage of KOH (60% and 80% w/v) in the saponification of samples for the determination of α, β and γ+δ-tocopherols. The study used samples of peanuts (cultivar armadillo), produced and marketed in Maringá, PR. The factors % KOH and agitation time were significant, and an increase in their values contributed negatively to the responses. The interaction effect was not significant for the response δ-tocopherol, and the contribution of this effect to the other responses was positive, but less than 10%. The ANOVA and response surfaces analysis showed that the most efficient saponification procedure was obtained using a 60% (w/v) solution of KOH and with an agitation time of 2 h.
authors.affiliation: Maringá State University, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Aloisio Henrique Pereira
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.affiliation: Maringá State University, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Aline Kirie
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Gohara
authors.affiliation: Federal Technologic University of Parana, Department of Chemical, Av. Brasil, 4232, CEP 85884-000, Medianeira, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ângela Claudia
authors.initials: ÂC
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: Federal Technologic University of Parana, Department of Chemical Process, R. Marcílio Dias, 635, CEP 86812-460, Apucarana, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gisely Luzia
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Ströher
authors.affiliation: Maringá State University, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Danielle Cristina
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Maringá State University, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jesuí Vergílio
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Visentainer
authors.affiliation: Maringá State University, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nilson Evelázio
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.affiliation: Maringá State University, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil. Electronic address: mmakoto@uem.br.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsushita
mesh_terms: D010367:Arachis / Q000737:chemistry*; D002623:Chemistry Techniques, Analytical / Q000379:methods*; D012503:Saponins / Q000737:chemistry; D024505:Tocopherols / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D012503:Saponins; D024505:Tocopherols
keywords: Chemometric; Liquid chromatography; Peanuts; Vitamin E