title: Similar replicative fitness is shared by the subtype B and unique BF recombinant HIV-1 isolates that dominate the epidemic in Argentina.
abstract: The HIV-1 epidemic in South America is dominated by pure subtypes (mostly B and C) and more than 7 BF and BC recombinant forms. In Argentina, circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) comprised of subtypes B and F make up more than 50% of HIV infections. For this study, 28 HIV-1 primary isolates were obtained from patients in Buenos Aires, Argentina and initially classified into subtype B (n = 9, 32.1%), C (n = 1, 3.6%), and CRFs (n = 18, 64.3%) using partial pol and vpu-env sequences, which proved to be inconsistent and inaccurate for these phylogenetic analyses. Near full length genome sequences of these primary HIV-1 isolates revealed that nearly all intersubtype BF recombination sites were unique and countered previous "CRF" B/F classifications. The majority of these Argentinean HIV-1 isolates were CCR5-using but 4 had a dual/mixed tropism as predicted by both phenotypic and genotypic assays. Comparison of the replicative fitness of these BF primary HIV-1 isolates to circulating B, F, and C HIV-1 using pairwise competitions in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) indicated a similarity in fitness of these BF recombinants to subtypes B and F HIV-1 (of the same co-receptor usage) whereas subtype C HIV-1 was significantly less fit than all as previously reported. These results suggest that the multitude of BF HIV-1 strains present within the Argentinean population do not appear to have gained replicative fitness following recent B and F recombination events.
authors.affiliation: Centro Nacional de Referencia para el SIDA, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Andrea E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Rubio
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America.
authors.forename: Awet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abraha
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America.
authors.forename: Crystal A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Carpenter
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America.
authors.forename: Ryan M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Troyer
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America.
authors.forename: Ángel L
authors.initials: ÁL
authors.lastname: Reyes-Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: Centro Nacional de Referencia para el SIDA, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Horacio
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Salomon
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America.
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Arts
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America.
authors.forename: Denis M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Tebit
mesh_terms: D001118:Argentina / Q000453:epidemiology; D016679:Genome, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006801:Humans; D010802:Phylogeny; D011995:Recombination, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology
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