title: Depression in silent lacunar infarction: a cross-sectional study of its association with location of silent lacunar infarction and vascular risk factors.
abstract: Most previous studies reported a close link between fresh infarcts and post-stroke depression. However, studies on the relation of depression and silent lacunar infarction (SLI) are limited. This study aims to analyze the effects of SLI and the vascular risk factors on depression. A total of 243 patients with SLI were divided into depression and non-depression groups. The presence and location of SLI were evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging. Depression was assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and vascular risks factors were collected. We used t tests and χ (2) test to compare the baseline characteristics of the two groups and the multivariate logistic regression model to identify the risk factors for depression. Univariate analysis results showed that the proportion of patients with SLI in basal ganglia was significantly higher in the depression group (65.0 versus 32.8 %; P < 0.001) than in the non-depression group, and multiple prevalent factors had significant differences between the two groups. However, on multivariate logistic analysis, some of these factors were eliminated, and SLI in basal ganglia remained an independent predictor of depression with an odds ratio of 3.128 (P = 0.018). In addition, vascular risk factors, including high body mass index level, presence of inflammation markers (e.g., CRP, TNF-α, Hs-CRP, and IL-6), and lack of physical activity, were associated with depression. Our findings suggest that SLI in basal ganglia is associated with a higher risk of depression. Vascular risk factors, which are intertwined, may propose the pathological basis of depression in SLI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, 301# of Middle Yanchang Rd, Zhabei District, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Ri-Han
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Xue-Yuan
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000473:pathology; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D059409:Stroke, Lacunar / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*
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