title: Understanding the global epidemiology of pediatric critical illness: the power, pitfalls, and practicalities of point prevalence studies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The point prevalence methodology is a valuable epidemiological study design that can optimize patient enrollment, prospectively gather individual-level data, and measure practice variability across a large number of geographic regions and healthcare settings. The objective of this article is to review the design, implementation, and analysis of recent point prevalence studies investigating the global epidemiology of pediatric critical illness.
  
  
  METHODS
  Literature review and primary datasets.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multicenter, international point prevalence studies performed in PICUs since 2007.
  
  
  METHODS
  Study topic, number of sites, number of study days, patients screened, prevalence of disease, use of specified therapies, and outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Since 2007, five-point prevalence studies have been performed on acute lung injury, neurologic disease, thromboprophylaxis, fluid resuscitation, and sepsis in PICUs. These studies were performed in 59-120 sites in 7-28 countries. All studies accounted for seasonal variation in pediatric disease by collecting data over multiple study days. Studies screened up to 6,317 patients and reported data on prevalence and therapeutic variability. Three studies also reported short-term outcomes, a valuable but atypical data element in point prevalence studies. Using these five studies as examples, the advantages and disadvantages and approach to designing, implementing, and analyzing point prevalence studies are reviewed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Point prevalence studies in pediatric critical care can efficiently provide valuable insight on the global epidemiology of disease and practice patterns for critically ill children.
authors.affiliation: Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Scott L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.affiliation: Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Julie C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Fitzgerald
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Edward Vincent
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Faustino
authors.affiliation: Kids Critical Care Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Marino S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Festa
authors.affiliation: Department of Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Ericka L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Fink
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Intensive Care Unit and Research Center, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jouvet
authors.affiliation: Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Jenny L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Bush
authors.affiliation: Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: Niranjan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kissoon
authors.affiliation: Departments of Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.affiliation: Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Vinay M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Nadkarni
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Penn State Hershey Children's Hospital, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Neal J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Thomas
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D003422:Critical Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016638:Critical Illness / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
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