title: Time-dependent tegumental surface changes in juvenile Fasciola gigantica in response to triclabendazole treatment in goat.
abstract: Triclabendazole (TCBZ), the anthelmintic drug active against both mature and immature liver flukes, was used to investigate the effect of in vivo treatment on the tegumental surface of juvenile Fasciola gigantica. Five goats were infected with 150 F. gigantica metacercariae each by oral gavage. Four of them were treated with single dose of TCBZ at 10mg/kg at four weeks post-infection. They were euthanized at 0 (untreated), 24, 48, 72 and 96h post treatment. Juvenile flukes were manually retrieved from the goat livers and processed for scanning electron microscopy. In control flukes, the anterior region was adorned with sharply pointed spines projecting away from the surface, while in the posterior region, spines become shorter and narrower, loosing serration and with the appearance of distinct furrows and papillae. The dorsal surface retained the same pattern of surface architecture similar to that of ventral surface. Flukes obtained from 24h post-treatment did not show any apparent change and were still very active. However, there were limited movements and some blebbing, swelling, deposition of tegumental secretions and some flattening displayed by the flukes of 48h post-treatment. All the worms were found dead 72h post-treatment and showed advanced level of tegumental disruptions, consisting of severe distortion of spines, sloughing off the tegument to expose the basal lamina, formation of pores and isolated patches of lesions. By 96h post-treatment, the disruption was extremely severe and the tegument was completely sheared off causing deeper lesions that exposed the underlying musculature. The disruption was more severe at posterior than anterior region and on ventral than dorsal surface. The present study further establishes the time-course of TCBZ action in vivo with 100% efficacy against the juvenile tropical liver fluke.
authors.affiliation: Section of Parasitology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India. Electronic address: shareefkpr@gmail.com.
authors.forename: P A Ahammed
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Shareef
authors.affiliation: Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
authors.forename: Gerard P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Brennan
authors.affiliation: Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: McVeigh
authors.affiliation: Section of Parasitology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India.
authors.forename: M A Hannan
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Wales, UK.
authors.forename: Russell M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Morphew
authors.affiliation: Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mousley
authors.affiliation: Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
authors.forename: Nikki J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Marks
authors.affiliation: Section of Parasitology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India.
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Saifullah
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Wales, UK.
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Brophy
authors.affiliation: Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
authors.forename: Aaron G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Maule
authors.affiliation: Section of Parasitology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India. Electronic address: abbasabidi92@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: S M A
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Abidi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D000871:Anthelmintics / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005209:Fasciola / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005211:Fascioliasis / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary; D015511:Goat Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology*; D006041:Goats; D006801:Humans; D034582:Integumentary System / Q000502:physiology*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D013997:Time Factors; D000077682:Triclabendazole
chemical_list: D000871:Anthelmintics; D001562:Benzimidazoles; D000077682:Triclabendazole
keywords: Fasciola gigantica; Goat fasciolosis; Liver fluke; Scanning electron microscopy; Tegumental disruption; Triclabendazole