title: Effectiveness of online cognitive behavioral therapy on family caregivers of people with dementia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Family caregivers of persons with dementia (PWD) may receive caregiver training because of logistical constraints and privacy concerns. This study evaluated the effectiveness of an online intervention for family caregivers of PWD in improving their self-efficacy in managing behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), and their emotion well-being.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 36 family caregivers of people with dementia participated in a 9-week online intervention based on the cognitive behavioral therapy model. Outcomes of the intervention were measured by the Chinese version of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire and two domains of the Revised Scale for Caregiving Self-Efficacy. Wilcoxon signed rank tests were used to compare the change in outcome variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The severity of BPSD of PWD and BPSD-related distress in family caregivers showed a statistically significant reduction after the intervention. Subgroup analysis showed self-efficacy in controlling upsetting thoughts significantly improved in caregivers of PWD at moderate to severe stages.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Online cognitive behavioral therapy for family caregivers reduced BPSD of PWD and the related distress in their caregivers.
authors.affiliation: Jockey Club Centre for Positive Ageing, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong ; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kwok
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Alma
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Au
authors.affiliation: Jockey Club Centre for Positive Ageing, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Bel
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Jockey Club Centre for Positive Ageing, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Isaac
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ip
authors.affiliation: Jockey Club Centre for Positive Ageing, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Vivian
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mak
authors.affiliation: Jockey Club Centre for Positive Ageing, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ho
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D003704:Dementia / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011581:Psychological Tests; D020377:Self Efficacy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013813:Therapy, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods
keywords: BPSD; dementia caregiver; emotional self-efficacy; online intervention
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