title: Giant volume change of active gels under continuous flow.
abstract: While living systems have developed highly efficient ways to convert chemical energy (e.g., ATP hydrolysis) to mechanical motion (e.g., movement of muscle), it remains a challenge to build muscle-like biomimetic systems to generate mechanical force directly from chemical reactions. Here we show that a continuous flow of reactant solution leads to by far the largest volume change to date in autonomous active gels driven by the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction. These results demonstrate that microfluidics offers a useful and facile experimental approach to optimize the conditions (e.g., fabrication methods, counterions, flow rates, concentrations of reagents) for chemomechanical transduction in active materials. This work thus provides much needed insights and methods for the development of chemomechanically active systems based on combining soft materials and microfluidic systems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics, Brandeis University , 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States.
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Megan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Dongshin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Seth
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fraden
authors.forename: Irving R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Epstein
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xu