title: Information-enhancement and goal setting techniques for increasing adaptive motivation and decreasing urges to drink alcohol.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to determine whether experimental manipulation of sense of control would change moderate drinkers' (N=106) task-specific motivational structure and explicit and implicit determinants of their urge to drink alcohol.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effects of various levels of information-enhancement and goal-setting on participants' performance on experimental tasks were assessed. Participants were randomly assigned to a high-sense-of-control, low-sense-of-control, or no-intervention group. Dependent measures were indices derived from a task-specific version of the Personal Concerns Inventory and the Shapiro Control Inventory, Alcohol Urge Questionnaire, and alcohol Stroop test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline, there were no differences among the groups on any of the measures; however, post-experimentally, induced sense of control had led to increases in adaptive motivation and decreases in explicit and implicit measures of the urge to drink.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results show that sense of control can be experimentally induced. This finding has important clinical implications.
authors.affiliation: Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Zohreh Sepehri
authors.initials: ZS
authors.lastname: Shamloo
authors.affiliation: Bangor University, United Kingdom. Electronic address: m.cox@bangor.ac.uk.
authors.forename: W Miles
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Cox
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000523:psychology*; D016739:Behavior, Addictive / Q000523:psychology*; D003463:Cues; D005260:Female; D006040:Goals; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D010555:Personality Inventory; D011581:Psychological Tests; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Alcohol Stroop; Alcohol use; Motivational structure; Sense of control; Urge to drink alcohol