title: Adult neurogenesis and glial oncogenesis: when the process fails.
abstract: Malignant brain tumors, including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), are known for their high degree of invasiveness, aggressiveness, and lethality. These tumors are made up of heterogeneous cell populations and only a small part of these cells (known as cancer stem cells) is responsible for the initiation and recurrence of the tumor. The biology of cancer stem cells and their role in brain tumor growth and therapeutic resistance has been extensively investigated. Recent work suggests that glial tumors arise from neural stem cells that undergo a defective process of differentiation. The understanding of this process might permit the development of novel treatment strategies targeting cancer stem cells. In the present review, we address the mechanisms underlying glial tumor formation, paying special attention to cancer stem cells and the role of the microenvironment in preserving them and promoting tumor growth. Recent advancements in cancer stem cell biology, especially regarding tumor initiation and resistance to chemo- or radiotherapy, have led to the development of novel treatment strategies that focus on the niche of the stem cells that make up the tumor. Encouraging results from preclinical studies predict that these findings will be translated into the clinical field in the near future.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo 455, LIM 15, 4th Floor, 01246-903 Cerqueira Cesar, SP, Brazil ; Center for Cellular and Molecular Studies and Therapy-NAP-NETCEM, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Chary Marquez
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Batista
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo 455, LIM 15, 4th Floor, 01246-903 Cerqueira Cesar, SP, Brazil ; Center for Cellular and Molecular Studies and Therapy-NAP-NETCEM, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eric Domingos
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Mariano
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo 455, LIM 15, 4th Floor, 01246-903 Cerqueira Cesar, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Breno José Alencar Pires
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Barbosa
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morgalla
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo 455, LIM 15, 4th Floor, 01246-903 Cerqueira Cesar, SP, Brazil ; Center for Cellular and Molecular Studies and Therapy-NAP-NETCEM, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Suely Kazue Nagahashi
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Marie
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo 455, LIM 15, 4th Floor, 01246-903 Cerqueira Cesar, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Manoel Jacobsen
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo 455, LIM 15, 4th Floor, 01246-903 Cerqueira Cesar, SP, Brazil ; Center for Cellular and Molecular Studies and Therapy-NAP-NETCEM, University of São Paulo, Brazil ; Department of Neurosurgery, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Guilherme
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lepski
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D063646:Carcinogenesis / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000473:pathology; D055495:Neurogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000473:pathology*
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