title: The association between the history of cardiovascular diseases and chronic low back pain in South Koreans: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiovascular disease and related risk factors have been suggested as a mechanism leading to atherosclerosis of the lumbar vessels and consequent lumbar pain or sciatica. But there is continued controversy concerning its generalization. This study examined whether cardiovascular disease or its risk factors were associated with chronic low back pain (cLBP) in Koreans.
  
  
  METHODS
  Health surveys and examinations were conducted on a nationally representative sample (n = 23,632) of Koreans. A total of 13,841 eligible participants (aged 20 to 89 years) were examined to determine the association between cardiovascular disease, the Framingham risk score, major cardiovascular risk factors (blood pressure, diabetes, cholesterol, and smoking habits) and chronic LBP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total prevalence of cLBP was 16.6% (men: 10.8%, women: 21.1%) and that in patients with a history of cardiovascular diseases was 36.6% (men: 26.5%, women: 47.1%). The results showed that patients' medical history of cardiovascular disease was significantly associated with cLBP in both men and women when adjusted for covariates (men: OR 2.16; 95%CI 1.34∼3.49; women: OR 2.26; 95%CI 1.51∼3.38). No association was observed between cLBP and the Framingham risk score, medication for hyperlipemia, hypertension, diabetes, and major cardiovascular risk factors (systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose and smoking habits) in either men or women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of cLBP is correlated to a history of cardiovascular disease, but not to the major cardiovascular risk factors from the Framingham study. Further studies on whether these results were affected by psychological factors in patients with a history of cardiovascular diseases or whether new potential risk factors from the artery atherosclerosis hypothesis applying to Koreans exist are needed.
authors.affiliation: Jaseng Medical Foundation, Jaseng Hospital of Korean Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Public Health & Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: In-Hyuk
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.affiliation: Jaseng Medical Foundation, Jaseng Hospital of Korean Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Herbology, Graduate School of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jinho
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Jaseng Medical Foundation, Jaseng Hospital of Korean Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Me-Riong
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Jaseng Medical Foundation, Jaseng Hospital of Korean Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyejin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Jaseng Medical Foundation, Jaseng Hospital of Korean Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Joon-Shik
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Shin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044466:Asian People; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000150:complications; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000209:etiology*; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
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