title: Cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of chitosan-caseinophosphopeptides nanocomplexes loaded with epigallocatechin gallate.
abstract: Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) was successfully encapsulated in novel nanocomplexes assembled from bioactive peptides, caseinophosphopeptides (CPPs), and chitosan (CS), a natural cationic polymer. Their particle sizes and surface charges were determined to be in the range of 150.0±4.3 nm and 32.2±3.3 mV respectively. Crosslinking between the -NH3+ groups of CS with the -P=O- and -COO- groups of CPP, as well as the hydrogen bonding were confirmed from the FTIR results. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images showed that EGCG loaded CS-CPP nanocomplexes were spherical in shape. Maintaining the surface charge as high as +32.2 mV, crosslinking CS with peptides reduced the cytotoxicity of CS nanoparticles. In addition, cellular internalization of EGCG-loaded CS-CPP nanoparticles was confirmed from green fluorescence inside the Caco-2 cells. The process of nanoparticle uptake was dose and time dependent in the range of time and concentration studied. Furthermore, the intestinal permeability of EGCG using Caco-2 monolayer was enhanced significantly as delivered by nanoparticles, which indicated the promising elevation of EGCG bioavailability.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
authors.forename: Yuwen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ting
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaoxiong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
authors.forename: Qingrong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D001692:Biological Transport; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D002364:Caseins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002392:Catechin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D010316:Particle Size; D010748:Phosphopeptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D002364:Caseins; D010748:Phosphopeptides; D002392:Catechin; D048271:Chitosan; C045651:epigallocatechin gallate