title: Interkeukin-34, a cytokine crucial for the differentiation and maintenance of tissue resident macrophages and Langerhans cells.
abstract: IL-34 is a recently discovered cytokine that acts on tissue resident macrophages and Langerhans cells upon binding the receptor for CSF-1, CSF-1R. The existence of two ligands for CSF-1R, IL-34, and CSF-1, raises several intriguing questions. Are IL-34 and CSF-1 redundant or does each perform temporally and spatially distinct functions? Is IL-34 involved in human pathology? Would therapeutic strategies based on selective inhibition or administration of either IL-34 or CSF-1 be advantageous for preventing human pathology? Recent in vivo studies indicate that IL-34 promotes the development, survival, and function of microglia and Langerhans cells; therefore, this cytokine may predominately function in brain and skin biology. Here, we review the evidence for IL-34 as a key cytokine in the development and function of these two diverse cell types and discuss its potential role in pathological conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
authors.forename: Yaming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Colonna
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007378:Interleukins / Q000276:immunology*; D007801:Langerhans Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000276:immunology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D017628:Microglia / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D016186:Receptor, Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: C529076:IL34 protein, human; D007378:Interleukins; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D016186:Receptor, Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor
keywords: CSF-1; IL-34; Langerhans cell; M-CSF; Macrophage; Microglia; Osteoclast
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