title: Peptidoglycan inhibits progesterone and androstenedione production in bovine ovarian theca cells.
abstract: Uterine bacterial infection perturbs uterine and ovarian functions in postpartum dairy cows. Peptidoglycan (PGN) produced by gram-positive bacteria has been shown to disrupt the ovarian function in ewes. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of PGN on steroid production in bovine theca cells at different stages of follicular development. Bovine theca cells isolated from pre- and post-selection ovarian follicles (<8.5mm and >8.5mm in diameter, respectively) were cultured in vitro and challenged with PGN. Steroid production was evaluated by measuring progesterone (P4) and androstenedione (A4) concentration in culture media after 48 h or 96 h of culture. Bovine theca cells expressed PGN receptors including Toll-like receptor 2 and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 and 2. Treatment with PGN (1, 10, or 50 μg/ml) led to a decrease in P4 and A4 production by theca cells in both pre- and post-selection follicles. The mRNA expression of steroidogenic enzymes were decreased by PGN treatment. Moreover, A4 production was further suppressed when theca cells of post-selection follicles were simultaneously treated by PGN and lipopolysaccharide (0.1, 1, or 10 μg/ml). These findings indicate that bacterial toxins may act locally on ovarian steroidogenic cells and compromise follicular development in postpartum dairy cows.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Animal and Food Hygiene, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 0808555 Obihiro, Japan. Electronic address: polkadot.jemini@gmail.com.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Magata
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Animal and Food Hygiene, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 0808555 Obihiro, Japan. Electronic address: dotdog@hotmail.co.jp.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Horiuchi
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Animal and Food Hygiene, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 0808555 Obihiro, Japan. Electronic address: akiomiya@obihiro.ac.jp.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Animal and Food Hygiene, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 0808555 Obihiro, Japan. Electronic address: shimizut@obihiro.ac.jp.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimizu
mesh_terms: D000735:Androstenedione / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000633:toxicity*; D002417:Cattle; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D053474:Nod1 Signaling Adaptor Protein / Q000235:genetics; D053473:Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein / Q000235:genetics; D010457:Peptidoglycan / Q000633:toxicity*; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000235:genetics; D011374:Progesterone / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011974:Receptors, LH / Q000235:genetics; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus; D013254:Steroid 17-alpha-Hydroxylase / Q000235:genetics; D013799:Theca Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2 / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D053474:Nod1 Signaling Adaptor Protein; D053473:Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein; D010457:Peptidoglycan; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011974:Receptors, LH; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D000735:Androstenedione; D011374:Progesterone; D013254:Steroid 17-alpha-Hydroxylase
keywords: Androstenedione; Dairy cow; Follicles; Peptidoglycan; Progesterone; Theca cells