title: Racial disparities in cardiovascular risk factor control in an underinsured population with Type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the race-specific trend in attainment of the American Diabetes Association cardiovascular risk factor control goals (HbA1c <53 mmol/mol (7.0%), blood pressure <130/80 mmHg and LDL cholesterol <2.6mmol/l) by patients with Type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study sample included 14 946 African-American and 12 758 white patients who were newly diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes between 2001 and 2009 in the Louisiana State University Hospital system. The race-specific percentages of patients' attainment of American Diabetes Association goals were calculated using the baseline and follow-up measurements of HbA1c , blood pressure, and LDL cholesterol levels. Logistic regression was used to test the difference between African-American and white patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The percentage of patients who met all three American Diabetes Association goals increased from 8.2% in 2001 to 10.2% in 2009 (increased by 24.4%) in this cohort. Compared with African-American patients, white patients had better attainment of the following American Diabetes Association goals: HbA1c (61.4 vs. 55.1%), blood pressure (25.8 vs. 20.4%), LDL cholesterol (40.1 vs. 37.7%) and all three goals (7.3 vs. 5.1%). African-American and white patients generally had a better cardiovascular disease risk factor profile during follow-up when we assessed attainment of the American Diabetes Association goals by means of HbA1c , blood pressure and LDL cholesterol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  During 2001-2009, the present low-income cohort of people with Type 2 diabetes generally experienced improved control of cardiovascular disease risk factors. White patients had better attainment of the American Diabetes Association cardiovascular risk factor control goals than their African-American counterparts.
authors.affiliation: Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: P T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Katzmarzyk
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Horswell
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000191:economics / Q000208:ethnology / Q000628:therapy*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D058065:Diabetic Cardiomyopathies / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D054625:Healthcare Disparities / Q000191:economics / Q000208:ethnology; D006783:Hospitals, State; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008145:Louisiana / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D017057:Medically Uninsured / Q000208:ethnology; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D044465:White People
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