title: [Clinical relevant procedures for early pregnancy diagnosis in the mare].
abstract: This review describes stepwise the recto-manual and transrectal ultrasonographic evidence of early pregnancy detection in the horse. The morphological and physiological conditions in the individual phases of early pregnancy are presented in correlation to the potential clinical findings. The importance of embryonic and early foetal losses is presented. Communication and documentation of findings are also addressed. The final section is devoted to the evaluation of the examination effort. In this regard, it is emphasized that the gynaecological examination for the evaluation of the pregnancy status represents a service contract.
authors.affiliation: Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. mult. Hartwig Bostedt, Klinik für Geburtshilfe, Gynäkologie und Andrologie der Groß- und Kleintiere mit Tierärztlicher Ambulanz, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Frankfurter Straße 106, 35392 Gießen, E-Mail: hartwig.bostedt@vetmed.uni-giessen.de.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bostedt
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sieme
authors.forename: C-P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Bartmann
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Handler
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sobiraj
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wehrend
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006736:Horses / Q000502:physiology*; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000662:veterinary; D011247:Pregnancy; D011258:Pregnancy Tests / Q000662:veterinary*; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000662:veterinary*
keywords: Brood mare; diagnosis of pregnancy; examination effort; rectal palpation; transrectal ultrasonography