title: Serum proteomic analysis reveals high frequency of haptoglobin deficiency and elevated thyroxine level in heroin addicts.
abstract: Heroin addiction is a chronic, complex disease, often accompanied by other concomitant disorders, which may encumber effective prevention and treatment. To explore the differences in expression profiles of serum proteins in control and heroin addicts, we used two-dimensional electrophoresis coupled to MALDI-TOF/TOF, and identified 4 proteins of interest. Following validation of the increase in serum transthyretin, we assessed serum levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxine (T4), and observed a robust increase in T4 in heroin addicts compared to controls. In addition, we performed haptoglobin (Hp) phenotyping, and showed that the frequency of Hp0 (serum devoid of haptoglobin) was significantly higher in heroin addicts. Altogether, these findings indicated that: (1) thyroid hormone imbalance is present in heroin addicts; (2) anhaptoglobinemia (Hp0) might a risk factor or a deleterious effect of heroin abuse.
authors.affiliation: National Key Research Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Bing-Ying
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shi-Yan
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: National Key Research Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wan-Lu
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.affiliation: National Key Research Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Min
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: National Key Research Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Ping
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Pu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006242:Haptoglobins / Q000172:deficiency*; D006556:Heroin Dependence / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*; D013972:Thyrotropin / Q000097:blood; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000097:blood*; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D006242:Haptoglobins; D014284:Triiodothyronine; D013972:Thyrotropin; D013974:Thyroxine
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