title: Activation of auditory white matter tracts as revealed by functional magnetic resonance imaging.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The ability of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to detect activation in brain white matter (WM) is controversial. In particular, studies on the functional activation of WM tracts in the central auditory system are scarce. We utilized fMRI to assess and characterize the entire auditory WM pathway under robust experimental conditions involving the acquisition of a large number of functional volumes, the application of broadband auditory stimuli of high intensity, and the use of sparse temporal sampling to avoid scanner noise effects and increase signal-to-noise ratio.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nineteen healthy volunteers were subjected to broadband white noise in a block paradigm; each run had four sound-on/off alternations and was repeated nine times for each subject. Sparse sampling (TR=8 s) was used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In addition to traditional gray matter (GM) auditory center activation, WM activation was detected in the isthmus and midbody of the corpus callosum (CC), tapetum, auditory radiation, lateral lemniscus, and decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncles. At the individual level, 13 of 19 subjects (68 %) had CC activation. Callosal WM exhibited a temporal delay of approximately 8 s in response to the stimulation compared with GM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that direct evaluation of the entire functional network of the central auditory system may be possible using fMRI, which may aid in understanding the neurophysiological basis of the central auditory system and in developing treatment strategies for various central auditory disorders.
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Woo Suk
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Tae
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yakunina
authors.forename: Tae Su
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sam Soo
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Eui-Cheol
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Nam
mesh_terms: D001306:Auditory Pathways / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D063132:Connectome / Q000379:methods*; D005072:Evoked Potentials, Auditory / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D010898:Pitch Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D066127:White Matter / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
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