title: Gentamicin-attenuated Leishmania infantum vaccine: protection of dogs against canine visceral leishmaniosis in endemic area of southeast of Iran.
abstract: An attenuated line of Leishmania infantum (L. infantum H-line) has been established by culturing promastigotes in vitro under gentamicin pressure. A vaccine trial was conducted using 103 naive dogs from a leishmaniosis non-endemic area (55 vaccinated and 48 unvaccinated) brought into an endemic area of southeast Iran. No local and/or general indications of disease were observed in the vaccinated dogs immediately after vaccination. The efficacy of the vaccine was evaluated after 24 months (4 sandfly transmission seasons) by serological, parasitological analyses and clinical examination. In western blot analysis of antibodies to L. infantum antigens, sera from 10 out of 31 (32.2%) unvaccinated dogs, but none of the sera from vaccinated dogs which were seropositive at >100, recognized the 21 kDa antigen of L. infantum wild-type (WT). Nine out of 31 (29%) unvaccinated dogs, but none of vaccinated dogs, were positive for the presence of Leishmania DNA. One out of 46 (2.2%) vaccinated dogs and 9 out of 31 (29%) unvaccinated dogs developed clinical signs of disease. These results suggest that gentamicin-attenuated L. infantum induced a significant and strong protective effect against canine visceral leishmaniosis in the endemic area.
authors.affiliation: Research Center of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
authors.forename: Hamid
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Daneshvar
authors.affiliation: Sabzevar Medical University, Sabzevar, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Javad
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Namazi
authors.affiliation: Parasitology Department, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kamiabi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Burchmore
authors.affiliation: Boyd Orr Centre for Population and Ecosystem Health, Institute for Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cleaveland
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Phillips
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000097:blood; D016054:DNA, Protozoan / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004285:Dogs; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007492:Iran; D018314:Leishmania infantum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D054332:Leishmaniasis Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology*; D007898:Leishmaniasis, Visceral / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D014611:Vaccination / Q000379:methods*; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan; D016054:DNA, Protozoan; D005839:Gentamicins; D054332:Leishmaniasis Vaccines; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated
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