title: [Tobacco farming in Italy receives more funds in comparison to tobacco control].
abstract: In the European Union almost 300,000 tons of raw tobacco are produced every year, contributing for 4% of the world production. In Italy, tobacco crop produces around 90,000 tons/year and is concentrated in Veneto, Tuscany, Umbria and Campania Regions. In 1970, Common Market Organisation provided a virtually unlimited support for European tobacco production. After 2004, funds progressively has been cut by half, even though the other half has been given for restructuring or reconversion of tobacco farms through the Rural Development Plan. The Framework Convention on Tobacco Control recommends conversion of tobacco crops, although there are no effective measures. Tobacco production requires large quantities of chemicals (pesticides, growth regulators, fertilisers), with significant workers' exposure if applied without personal protective equipments. Pesticides may have genotoxic, teratogenic, immunotoxic, hormonal, and carcinogenic effects. Tobacco itself may cause also a disease called "Green tobacco sickness" syndrome, as a consequence of nicotine dermal absorption due to skin exposure to tobacco leaves. In Italy, financial resources for tobacco production and restructuring/conversion to other crops of previously tobacco planted fields are available. On the contrary, anti-smoking media interventions do not receive funds comparatively relevant as those for tobacco production.
authors.affiliation: Scuola di specializzazione in igiene e medicina preventiva, Università di Firenze gianrocco.martino@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Gianrocco
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Martino
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gorini
authors.forename: Ferruccio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Aquilini
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Miligi
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chellini
mesh_terms: D000329:Advertising / Q000191:economics; D000382:Agricultural Workers' Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D000383:Agriculture / Q000191:economics*; D016573:Agrochemicals / Q000191:economics / Q000633:toxicity; D018556:Crops, Agricultural / Q000191:economics; D005062:European Union; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008402:Mass Media / Q000191:economics; D009538:Nicotine / Q000633:toxicity; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000009:adverse effects; D012869:Skin Absorption; D019460:Tobacco Industry / Q000191:economics*; D020340:Tobacco Use Cessation / Q000191:economics*; D014026:Nicotiana
chemical_list: D016573:Agrochemicals; D009538:Nicotine