title: Bisphenol A alters β-hCG and MIF release by human placenta: an in vitro study to understand the role of endometrial cells.
abstract: A proper fetomaternal immune-endocrine cross-talk in pregnancy is fundamental for reproductive success. This might be unbalanced by exposure to environmental chemicals, such as bisphenol A (BPA). As fetoplacental contamination with BPA originates from the maternal compartment, this study investigated the role of the endometrium in BPA effects on the placenta. To this end, in vitro decidualized stromal cells were exposed to BPA 1 nM, and their conditioned medium (diluted 1 : 2) was used on chorionic villous explants from human placenta. Parallel cultures of placental explants were directly exposed to 0.5 nM BPA while, control cultures were exposed to the vehicle (EtOH 0.1%). After 24-48 h, culture medium from BPA-treated and control cultures was assayed for concentration of hormone human Chorionic Gonadotropin ( β -hCG) and cytokine Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF). The results showed that direct exposure to BPA stimulated the release of both MIF and β -hCG. These effects were abolished/diminished in placental cultures exposed to endometrial cell-conditioned medium. GM-MS analysis revealed that endometrial cells retain BPA, thus reducing the availability of this chemical for the placenta. The data obtained highlight the importance of in vitro models including the maternal component in reproducing the effects of environmental chemicals on human fetus/placenta.
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mannelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ietta
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Carotenuto
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Romagnoli
authors.affiliation: Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10 Street, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland.
authors.forename: A Z
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Szostek
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Masuria, Zolnierska 14 C Street, 10-561 Olsztyn, Poland.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wasniewski
authors.affiliation: Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10 Street, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Skarzynski
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: Luana
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7296-308X
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Paulesu
mesh_terms: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018997:Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human / Q000378:metabolism*; D003470:Culture Media; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned / Q000737:chemistry; D003656:Decidua / Q000473:pathology; D004717:Endometrium / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism*; D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D010636:Phenols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010920:Placenta / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000166:cytology; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D018997:Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human; D003470:Culture Media; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases; D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors; D010636:Phenols; C515598:MIF protein, human; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
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