title: Feasibility of hydrofluoric acid etched sand particles for enrichment and determination of polychlorinated biphenyls at trace levels in environmental water samples.
abstract: This study aims to investigate the feasibility of etched sand particles being used as solid-phase extraction adsorbents to enrich polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), which are typical persistent organic pollutants in the environment, at trace levels. Gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was selected to detect the compounds. Etched sand particles exhibited excellent merits on the enrichment of PCBs. Related important factors affecting extraction efficiencies were investigated and optimized in detail. Under optimized conditions, low limits of detection (0.42 to 3.69 ng L(-1)), wide linear range (10 to 1,000 ng L(-1)), and high repeatability (1.9 to 8.2%) were achieved. The developed method was validated with several real water samples, and satisfactory results were obtained. All of these findings indicate that etched sand particles would be useful for the enrichment and determination of organic pollutants at trace levels in water samples.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Analysis and Test Center, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250014, China.
authors.forename: Han-Zhu
authors.initials: HZ
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.forename: Xiang-Feng
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ming-Lin
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ru-Song
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006858:Hydrofluoric Acid / Q000032:analysis*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D057230:Limit of Detection; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis*; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014867:Water; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis; D014876:Water Pollution; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014867:Water; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls; D006858:Hydrofluoric Acid