title: Disrupted structural and functional brain connectomes in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia, comprising an estimated 60-80% of all dementia cases. It is clinically characterized by impairments of memory and other cognitive functions. Previous studies have demonstrated that these impairments are associated with abnormal structural and functional connections among brain regions, leading to a disconnection concept of AD. With the advent of a combination of non-invasive neuroimaging (structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diffusion MRI, and functional MRI) and neurophysiological techniques (electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography) with graph theoretical analysis, recent studies have shown that patients with AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), the prodromal stage of AD, exhibit disrupted topological organization in large-scale brain networks (i.e., connectomics) and that this disruption is significantly correlated with the decline of cognitive functions. In this review, we summarize the recent progress of brain connectomics in AD and MCI, focusing on the changes in the topological organization of large-scale structural and functional brain networks using graph theoretical approaches. Based on the two different perspectives of information segregation and integration, the literature reviewed here suggests that AD and MCI are associated with disrupted segregation and integration in brain networks. Thus, these connectomics studies open up a new window for understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of AD and demonstrate the potential to uncover imaging biomarkers for clinical diagnosis and treatment evaluation for this disease.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
authors.forename: Zhengjia
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000473:pathology*; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000473:pathology*; D063132:Connectome; D006801:Humans; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000473:pathology*
references.citation: Brain Connect. 2013;3(4):407-22
references.pmid: 23701292
references.citation: Nat Rev Neurosci. 2009 Mar;10(3):186-98
references.pmid: 19190637
references.citation: PLoS Comput Biol. 2005 Sep;1(4):e42
references.pmid: 16201007
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2014 Feb 1;86:231-43
references.pmid: 24096127
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2012 Feb 15;59(4):3085-93
references.pmid: 22154957
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Dec 19;103(51):19518-23
references.pmid: 17159150
references.citation: PLoS One. 2012;7(3):e33540
references.pmid: 22457774
references.citation: Neurosci Lett. 2004 Jan 23;355(1-2):25-8
references.pmid: 14729226
references.citation: Cereb Cortex. 1999 Jun;9(4):366-78
references.pmid: 10426416
references.citation: Neuron. 2012 Mar 22;73(6):1216-27
references.pmid: 22445348
references.citation: Front Psychiatry. 2012 Jan 05;2:77
references.pmid: 22291664
references.citation: Nature. 1998 Jun 4;393(6684):440-2
references.pmid: 9623998
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2011 Jan 15;54(2):1262-79
references.pmid: 20850551
references.citation: PLoS One. 2007 Jul 04;2(7):e597
references.pmid: 17611629
references.citation: Brain. 2009 Jan;132(Pt 1):213-24
references.pmid: 18952674
references.citation: Radiology. 2012 Nov;265(2):518-27
references.pmid: 22984189
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2013 Oct 15;80:397-404
references.pmid: 23558097
references.citation: Biol Psychiatry. 2013 Mar 1;73(5):472-81
references.pmid: 22537793
references.citation: PLoS Comput Biol. 2012;8(8):e1002582
references.pmid: 22915996
references.citation: Hum Brain Mapp. 2009 May;30(5):1511-23
references.pmid: 18649353
references.citation: BMC Neurosci. 2009 Aug 21;10:101
references.pmid: 19698093
references.citation: Alzheimers Dement. 2011 May;7(3):270-9
references.pmid: 21514249
references.citation: PLoS One. 2012;7(3):e32766
references.pmid: 22412922
references.citation: Neuron. 2012 Mar 22;73(6):1204-15
references.pmid: 22445347
references.citation: Brain. 2011 Jun;134(Pt 6):1635-46
references.pmid: 21490054
references.citation: Clin Chem Lab Med. 2011 Mar;49(3):375-83
references.pmid: 21388338
references.citation: Nat Neurosci. 2005 Jun;8(6):828-34
references.pmid: 15880108
references.citation: Nat Rev Neurosci. 2003 Jun;4(6):469-80
references.pmid: 12778119
references.citation: Arch Neurol. 1999 Mar;56(3):303-8
references.pmid: 10190820
references.citation: Alzheimers Dement. 2011 May;7(3):257-62
references.pmid: 21514247
references.citation: Science. 2002 Jul 19;297(5580):353-6
references.pmid: 12130773
references.citation: Neuropsychologia. 2007 Nov 5;45(14):3315-23
references.pmid: 17765932
references.citation: Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2013 Apr;23(2):162-71
references.pmid: 23294553
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2014 Jan 1;84:888-900
references.pmid: 24055506
references.citation: PLoS One. 2013 Sep 03;8(9):e73186
references.pmid: 24019905
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2008 Sep 10;28(37):9239-48
references.pmid: 18784304
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2013 Dec;83:969-82
references.pmid: 23899725
references.citation: Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:304804
references.pmid: 23935659
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2012 Jul 16;61(4):1153-64
references.pmid: 22450298
references.citation: Cereb Cortex. 2005 Sep;15(9):1332-42
references.pmid: 15635061
references.citation: Neurobiol Aging. 2013 Aug;34(8):2023-36
references.pmid: 23541878
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2009 Feb 11;29(6):1860-73
references.pmid: 19211893
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Jun 6;103(23):8577-82
references.pmid: 16723398
references.citation: NMR Biomed. 2002 Nov-Dec;15(7-8):468-80
references.pmid: 12489096
references.citation: Psychiatry Res. 2012 May 31;202(2):118-25
references.pmid: 22695315
references.citation: Magn Reson Med. 1995 Oct;34(4):537-41
references.pmid: 8524021
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2008 Apr 15;40(3):1064-76
references.pmid: 18272400
references.citation: PLoS One. 2011;6(5):e19584
references.pmid: 21625430
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2010 Sep;52(3):1059-69
references.pmid: 19819337
references.citation: Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci. 2013 Sep;13(3):627-40
references.pmid: 23813017
references.citation: Handb Clin Neurol. 2008;89:245-60
references.pmid: 18631749
references.citation: Brain Connect. 2012;2(2):45-55
references.pmid: 22480296
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Dec 20;108(51):20760-5
references.pmid: 22106308
references.citation: PLoS One. 2010 Nov 01;5(11):e13788
references.pmid: 21072180
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2006 Jan 4;26(1):63-72
references.pmid: 16399673
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2012 Mar 21;32(12):4307-18
references.pmid: 22442092
references.citation: Neuropsychol Rev. 2003 Jun;13(2):79-92
references.pmid: 12887040
references.citation: Front Hum Neurosci. 2013 Aug 09;7:456
references.pmid: 23950743
references.citation: Neurobiol Aging. 2014 Apr;35(4):757-68
references.pmid: 24216223
references.citation: PLoS One. 2012;7(5):e36896
references.pmid: 22615837
references.citation: Trends Cogn Sci. 2012 Mar;16(3):181-8
references.pmid: 22341211
references.citation: J Neurophysiol. 2010 Jan;103(1):297-321
references.pmid: 19889849
references.citation: PLoS One. 2013;8(3):e58921
references.pmid: 23536835
references.citation: PLoS Comput Biol. 2010 Nov 18;6(11):e1001006
references.pmid: 21124954
references.citation: PLoS One. 2011;6(7):e21976
references.pmid: 21818285
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2011 Feb 1;54(3):2045-51
references.pmid: 20828625
references.citation: Nat Rev Neurosci. 2012 Apr 13;13(5):336-49
references.pmid: 22498897
references.citation: Cereb Cortex. 2007 Oct;17(10):2407-19
references.pmid: 17204824
references.citation: Cereb Cortex. 2009 Mar;19(3):524-36
references.pmid: 18567609
references.citation: Neuroscientist. 2009 Aug;15(4):333-50
references.pmid: 19458383
references.citation: Hum Brain Mapp. 2008 Jul;29(7):839-47
references.pmid: 18219620
references.citation: Alzheimers Dement. 2011 May;7(3):263-9
references.pmid: 21514250
references.citation: Neurology. 2013 Apr 9;80(15):1370-7
references.pmid: 23486876
references.citation: Cereb Cortex. 2007 Jan;17(1):92-9
references.pmid: 16452642
references.citation: PLoS Comput Biol. 2008 Jun 27;4(6):e1000100
references.pmid: 18584043
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2008 Apr 30;28(18):4756-66
references.pmid: 18448652
references.citation: Radiology. 2011 May;259(2):516-24
references.pmid: 21406628
references.citation: Alzheimers Dement. 2011 May;7(3):280-92
references.pmid: 21514248
references.citation: Cereb Cortex. 2014 Jun;24(6):1422-35
references.pmid: 23314940
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2010 Dec 15;30(50):16876-85
references.pmid: 21159959