title: Role of microRNAs in islet beta-cell compensation and failure during diabetes.
abstract: Pancreatic beta-cell function and mass are markedly adaptive to compensate for the changes in insulin requirement observed during several situations such as pregnancy, obesity, glucocorticoids excess, or administration. This requires a beta-cell compensation which is achieved through a gain of beta-cell mass and function. Elucidating the physiological mechanisms that promote functional beta-cell mass expansion and that protect cells against death, is a key therapeutic target for diabetes. In this respect, several recent studies have emphasized the instrumental role of microRNAs in the control of beta-cell function. MicroRNAs are negative regulators of gene expression, and are pivotal for the control of beta-cell proliferation, function, and survival. On the one hand, changes in specific microRNA levels have been associated with beta-cell compensation and are triggered by hormones or bioactive peptides that promote beta-cell survival and function. Conversely, modifications in the expression of other specific microRNAs contribute to beta-cell dysfunction and death elicited by diabetogenic factors including, cytokines, chronic hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and oxidized LDL. This review underlines the importance of targeting the microRNA network for future innovative therapies aiming at preventing the beta-cell decline in diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Lille 2 University, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), FR 3508, UMR-8199 Lille, France.
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Plaisance
authors.affiliation: Service of Internal Medicine, Hospital-University of Lausanne (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Gérard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Waeber
authors.affiliation: Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Romano
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9773-2915
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Regazzi
authors.affiliation: Lille 2 University, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), FR 3508, UMR-8199 Lille, France.
authors.forename: Amar
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0752-0343
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abderrahmani
mesh_terms: D053687:Adult Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D052636:Allostasis; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000378:metabolism*; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D035683:MicroRNAs
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