title: Long-term effects of antihypertensive medications on bone mineral density in men older than 55 years.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In this study, we investigated the effects of long-term antihypertensive treatment with calcium channel blockers or beta blockers on the bone mineral density of maxilla, as determined by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective study was conducted on CBCT images of men older than 55 years who had received different dental indications. Data were grouped into three categories according to the antihypertensive medication history of the patients: group A included patients who had been taking beta-blocker treatment for more than 5 years, group B included patients who had been taking calcium channel blocker treatment for more than 5 years, and the control group included patients who had never used any hypertensive medications before.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistically significant differences were observed between the beta blocker and calcium channel blocker groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In hypertension treatment, beta blockers may be preferred to calcium channel blockers in patients at high risk for osteoporosis and bone resorption.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Turkey.
authors.forename: Kamil Serkan
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Ağaçayak
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Dicle, Diyarbakır, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sedat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Güven
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mahmut
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koparal
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Turkey.
authors.forename: Nedim
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Güneş
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Afyon Kocatepe, Afyon, Turkey.
authors.forename: Yusuf
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Atalay
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Turkey.
authors.forename: Serhat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Atılgan
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects*; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers
keywords: CBCT; beta blockers; bone mineral density; calcium channel blockers
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