title: Immune response to Bordetella pertussis is associated with season and undernutrition in Senegalese children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  While vaccines elicit a protective response in most recipients, studies suggest that environmental and nutritional factors can influence the strength of the individual response to immunization and to subsequent natural infectious challenges.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a longitudinal survey in Senegal to assess the individual response to B. pertussis, a respiratory disease against which Senegalese children are vaccinated before the age of one (Clinicaltrials.gov ID: NCT01545115). A cohort of 203 children aged 1-9 from four villages of the Senegal River Valley was followed-up for 14 months (October 2008-January 2010). During that period, four visits have been made to the villages to assess the immunological and nutritional status of these children and to determine risk factors involved in the modulation of their humoral immune response to B. pertussis toxin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A multivariate model has demonstrated that birth season and nutritional status appeared to modulate humoral response to pertussis toxin. Moreover, response to B. pertussis was dependent on age, village and time of visit.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results are consistent with the hypothesis that environmental and nutritional factors modulate children's response to pertussis following natural infection or vaccination.
authors.affiliation: EPLS Biomedical Research Center, Saint-Louis, Senegal; Centre for Infection and Immunity of Lille (CIIL) - U1019 Inserm, UMR8204 CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France. Electronic address: lobna.gaayeb@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Lobna
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gaayeb
authors.affiliation: Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France.
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pinçon
authors.affiliation: UMR233 Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Dakar, Senegal.
authors.forename: Cécile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cames
authors.affiliation: EPLS Biomedical Research Center, Saint-Louis, Senegal.
authors.forename: Jean-Biram
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Sarr
authors.affiliation: EPLS Biomedical Research Center, Saint-Louis, Senegal.
authors.forename: Modou
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seck
authors.affiliation: EPLS Biomedical Research Center, Saint-Louis, Senegal; Centre for Infection and Immunity of Lille (CIIL) - U1019 Inserm, UMR8204 CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France.
authors.forename: Anne-Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Schacht
authors.affiliation: UMR MIVEGEC - IRD224-CNRS5290-Université de Montpellier 1 et 2, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Franck
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Remoué
authors.affiliation: EPLS Biomedical Research Center, Saint-Louis, Senegal; Centre for Infection and Immunity of Lille (CIIL) - U1019 Inserm, UMR8204 CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France; Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France.
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hermann
authors.affiliation: EPLS Biomedical Research Center, Saint-Louis, Senegal; Centre for Infection and Immunity of Lille (CIIL) - U1019 Inserm, UMR8204 CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France.
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Riveau
mesh_terms: D000886:Anthropometry; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D001886:Bordetella pertussis; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D056724:Immunity, Humoral; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007223:Infant; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000276:immunology; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009752:Nutritional Status; D037342:Pertussis Toxin / Q000276:immunology*; D010567:Pertussis Vaccine / Q000276:immunology; D012621:Seasons; D012675:Senegal
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D010567:Pertussis Vaccine; D037342:Pertussis Toxin
keywords: Africa; Birth season; Bordetella pertussis; Environment; Immunity; Malnutrition