title: Vascular closure devices after endovascular procedures in swine: a reliable method?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the safety and feasibility of the use of a vascular closure device (VCD) after endovascular procedures in swine.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a study on endovascular therapy, VCD (StarClose, Abbott Vascular, Il, USA) was used in 20 female swines to achieve immediate hemostasis after percutaneous right femoral artery (FA) access. 10 animals were sacrificed immediately after the study and 10 animals were sacrificed 28 days after the initial study. To ensure complete hemostasis and patency of the femoral artery, a CT-angiography of the puncture site was performed on day 1 (acute and chronic group) and day 28 (chronic group). After the sacrifice, the femoral artery was explanted and examined macroscopically for signs of VCD dysfunction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Technical success rate was 100% with immediate hemostasis being achieved in all animals. No animals showed evidence of hematoma. During explantation, only small traces of coagulated blood were found in the acute group, while there were no signs of hematoma in the chronic group. CT-angiography immediately after VCD application as well as before sacrifice (chronic group) showed patency of the FA in all cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of VCD to achieve hemostasis after endovascular studies in swine is feasible and safe.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Isfort
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihra 634-8522, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Penzkofer
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bruners
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Research, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tolba
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Kuhl
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany ; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Philipps-University, Baldingerstrasse, 35043 Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Mahnken
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D057510:Endovascular Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000601:surgery; D006406:Hematoma / Q000517:prevention & control; D013552:Swine; D065506:Vascular Closure Devices
references.citation: J Invasive Cardiol. 2012 Jul;24(7):328-34
references.pmid: 22781471
references.citation: Crit Care. 2002 Jun;6(3):199-204
references.pmid: 12133178
references.citation: J Vasc Nurs. 2008 Dec;26(4):109-17
references.pmid: 19022169
references.citation: J Am Coll Cardiol. 1995 Oct;26(4):922-30
references.pmid: 7560619
references.citation: Am J Cardiol. 1995 May 1;75(14):886-9
references.pmid: 7732995
references.citation: Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2002 Dec;57(4):486-95
references.pmid: 12455083
references.citation: J Vasc Surg. 2009 Sep;50(3):632-9, 639.e1
references.pmid: 19700097
references.citation: J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2003 Jul;14(7):865-85
references.pmid: 12847195
references.citation: Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2003 Mar;58(3):285-91
references.pmid: 12594688
references.citation: Acta Cardiol. 2005 Oct;60(5):482-8
references.pmid: 16261778
references.citation: Clin Cardiol. 1995 Nov;18(11):609-14
references.pmid: 8590528
references.citation: J Endovasc Ther. 2006 Feb;13(1):23-31
references.pmid: 16445320
references.citation: J Am Coll Cardiol. 1993 Nov 1;22(5):1273-9
references.pmid: 8227779
references.citation: J Am Coll Cardiol. 1995 Jun;25(7):1685-92
references.pmid: 7759724
references.citation: Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn. 1998 Apr;43(4):421-7
references.pmid: 9554769