title: Effects of Mn-doping on the structure and biological properties of β-tricalcium phosphate.
abstract: Doping calcium phosphates with trace elements that exist in bone tissues is beneficial in terms of cell-material interactions and in vivo performance of the bone grafts made thereof. Manganese (Mn) is an essential element for normal growth and metabolism of bone tissues, but studies reporting the effects of Mn-doping calcium phosphates are scarce. The present study investigated the influence of Mn-doping on the structure, morphology and biological properties of β-tricalcium phosphate [β-Ca3(PO4)2] (β-TCP). Mn-doped (MnTCP) powders, with Mn contents varying from 0 to 10 mol%, were obtained through an aqueous precipitation method followed by heat treatment at 800 °C. The successful incorporation of Mn into β-TCP structure was proved through quantitative X-ray diffraction (XRD) phase analysis coupled with structural Rietveld refinement. Increasing Mn concentrations led to decreasing trends of a- and c-axis lattice parameters, and Mn-doping also significantly affected the morphology of β-TCP powders. In vitro proliferation and differentiation assays of MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic-like cells, grown in the presence of the powders, revealed that the biological benefits of Mn-doped β-TCP are limited to lower Mn incorporation levels and potentially related to their surface microstructure. The Mn1-βTCP composition revealed the best set of bioactivity properties, potentially a good candidate for future applications of β-TCP materials in osteoregeneration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, University of Aveiro, CICECO, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal. Electronic address: ptorres@ua.pt.
authors.forename: P M C
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Centre for Cellular Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Health Sciences, Centre of Cellular Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
authors.forename: S I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Centre for Cellular Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Health Sciences, Centre of Cellular Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Cerqueira
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, University of Aveiro, CICECO, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pina
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Centre for Cellular Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Health Sciences, Centre of Cellular Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
authors.forename: O A B
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: da Cruz Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, University of Aveiro, CICECO, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; UIDM, ESTG, Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo, 4900 Viana do Castelo, Portugal.
authors.forename: J C C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Abrantes
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, University of Aveiro, CICECO, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
authors.forename: J M F
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ferreira
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000818:Animals; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000378:metabolism; D008345:Manganese / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D024042:Collagen Type I; C485817:beta-tricalcium phosphate; D008345:Manganese
keywords: Extracellular matrix; Manganese; Osteoblastic differentiation; Osteoblastic proliferation; β-Tricalcium phosphate