title: Bifidobacterium breve and Lactobacillus rhamnosus treatment is as effective as budesonide at reducing inflammation in a murine model for chronic asthma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Asthma is estimated to affect as many as 300 million people worldwide and its incidence and prevalence are rapidly increasing throughout the world, especially in children and within developing countries. Recently, there has been a growing interest in the use of potentially beneficial bacteria for allergic diseases. This study is aimed at exploring the therapeutic effects of long-term treatment with two different beneficial bacterial strains (Bifidobacterium breve M-16 V and Lactobacillus rhamnosus NutRes1) and a glucocorticoid (budesonide), as a reference treatment, on inflammatory response in a murine model for chronic allergic asthma.
  
  
  METHODS
  To mimic the chronic disease in asthmatic patients, we used the murine ovalbumin-induced asthma model combined with prolonged allergen exposure. Airway function; pulmonary airway inflammation; airway remodelling, mRNA expression of pattern recognition receptors, Th-specific cytokines and transcription factors in lung tissue; mast cell degranulation; in vitro T cell activation; and expression of Foxp3 in blood Th cells were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lactobacillus rhamnosus reduced lung resistance to a similar extent as budesonide treatment in chronically asthmatic mice. Pulmonary airway inflammation, mast cell degranulation, T cell activation and airway remodelling were suppressed by all treatments. Beneficial bacteria and budesonide differentially modulated the expression of toll-like receptors (TLRs), nod-like receptors (NLRs), cytokines and T cell transcription factors. Bifidobacterium breve induced regulatory T cell responses in the airways by increasing Il10 and Foxp3 transcription in lung tissue as well as systemic by augmenting the mean fluorescence intensity of Foxp3 in blood CD4+ T cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings show that Bifidobacterium breve M-16 V and Lactobacillus rhamnosus NutRes1 have strong anti-inflammatory properties that are comparable to budesonide and therefore may be beneficial in the treatment of chronic asthma.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, PO box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands. seilsag@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Seil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sagar
authors.forename: Mary E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: Si
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Arjan P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Vos
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Garssen
authors.forename: Jeroen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Bergenhenegouwen
authors.forename: Louis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Boon
authors.forename: Niki A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Georgiou
authors.forename: Aletta D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Kraneveld
authors.forename: Gert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Folkerts
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D001644:Bifidobacterium; D019819:Budesonide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D052201:Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D019819:Budesonide
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