title: Differences in regulatory T-cell and dendritic cell pattern in decidual tissue of placenta accreta/increta cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Primary infertility, miscarriage, and preeclampsia have been correlated with reduced numbers of regulatory T-cells (Treg) suggesting that decreased extravillous trophoblast (EVT) invasion originates from inadequate EVT tolerance. In contrast increased numbers of Treg-cells may be responsible for over-invasion of EVT. As the maturation status of dendritic cells (DC) influences T-cell behavior (tolerance or immune activation), altered relation between immature and mature DCs may also influence EVT invasion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Paraffin-embedded specimens of placenta accreta/increta (Pc; n = 11) and healthy intrauterine pregnancy (IUG; n = 18) were double-stained for cytokeratin and CD45, CD68, CD56, CD20, CD3, or CD8 as well as FoxP3/CD4 and FoxP3/CD8 and single-stained for CD4, CD25, FoxP3, CD209, Dec205 and CD83. Quantification of the leukocyte subpopulations was performed for decidua parietalis and basalis as characterized by cytokeratin-positive EVT. Statistical analysis was performed by using the Mann-Whitney test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significantly fewer CD4(+) cells in Pc than in IUG. Concerning the Treg-markers, FoxP3(+) cells are significantly increased. CD25(+) cells showed a small non-significant increase in Pc in comparison to IUG. Concerning dendritic cells, immature non-activated CD209(+) DCs were significantly decreased in Pc while immature activated CD205(+) DCs were slightly but non-significantly increased. Mature activated CD83(+) DC were non-significantly decreased in IUG vs Pc.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The increased number of Treg-cells in Pc suggests significance for these cells in the regulation of trophoblast invasion. Their adequate interaction with other lymphocyte populations (e.g. adequately maturated dendritic cells) may be one mechanism to assure controlled EVT invasion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, Medical School, RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany. Electronic address: selmaschwede@outlook.com.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schwede
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Kaufbeuren-Ravensburg, Dr.-Gutermann-Str. 6, 87600 Kaufbeuren/ Elisabethenstr. 19, 88212 Ravensburg, Germany; Department of Pathology, Roonstraße 30, 52351 Düren, Germany. Electronic address: Joachim.alfer@pathologie-ravensburg.de.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alfer
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, Medical School, RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Maastricht University, Universiteitsingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands. Electronic address: ulrike.vonrango@maastrichtuniversity.nl.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: von Rango
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000032:analysis; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000032:analysis; D002452:Cell Count; D003656:Decidua / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007633:Keratins / Q000032:analysis; D037181:Lectins, C-Type / Q000032:analysis; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D010921:Placenta Accreta / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000032:analysis; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D014327:Trophoblasts / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D000099215:DC-Specific ICAM-3 Grabbing Nonintegrin
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D015415:Biomarkers; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D007633:Keratins; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D000099215:DC-Specific ICAM-3 Grabbing Nonintegrin; C418974:FOXP3 protein, human
keywords: Decidua; Dendritic cell (DC); Extravillous trophoblast (EVT) invasion; FoxP3; Placenta accreta/increta (Pc); Regulatory T-cell (T(reg))