title: [Hygienic quality of feedstuffs for small mammals sent to the consultation service].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Evaluation of the hygienic status of feedstuffs for small mammals, including rabbits, guinea pigs and chinchilla, kept as pets.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 356 feedstuffs that had been sent to the consulting service of the institute with a usable case history between January 2000 and April 2011 were analysed by sensory testing and microbiological examination. The interpretation of the microbiological results was performed with regard to benchmarks given by the working group "feed microbiology of section VI of the VDLUFA" for hay, straw and further feedstuffs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Within the sensory evaluation, the parameters "texture" (indicating the moisture content of a feed) and "smell" (mouldy or yeasty nuances) provided the first important information on feed quality. Deviations in these parameters were observed in 29.0% and 41.2%, respectively, of the analysed roughages and in 27.4% and 15.1% of mixed feeds, respectively. In about 10% of the feeds, pests (mites, Psocoptera as an indicator of mould infestation) were diagnosed microscopically. Using the differentiation of the germs as described above, faults in the hygienic quality could be detected mainly in roughage (hay, straw) and the so-called coloured feed (mixed feed based on ingredients including oat, barley or corn) whereas they occurred rarely in commercial pelleted mixed feeds based on green meal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In cases of hygienic deficits in feedstuffs, it was often unclear whether the reduced hygienic quality resulted from the production conditions (i.e. in the factory) or by improper storage of the feedstuffs by traders or pet owners. A general recommendation should be given to the owner to check the feed using a critical sensory evaluation to avoid health disorders in pets due to higher levels of germs or poisonous plants.
authors.affiliation: Dr. Petra Wolf, Institut für Tierernährung, Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, E-Mail: petra.wolf@tiho-hannover.de.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Siesenop
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Verspohl
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kamphues
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000592:standards*; D000818:Animals; D002682:Chinchilla; D061353:Food Storage; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D057805:Pets; D011817:Rabbits
keywords: Feed hygiene; chinchilla; feedstuff; guinea pig; rabbit