title: Ascorbic acid and salicylic acid mitigate nacl stress in Caralluma tuberculata Calli.
abstract: Plants exposed to salt stress undergo biochemical and morphological changes even at cellular level. Such changes also include activation of antioxidant enzymes to scavenge reactive oxygen species, while morphological changes are determined as deformation of membranes and organelles. Present investigation substantiates this phenomenon for Caralluma tuberculata calli when exposed to NaCl stress at different concentrations. Elevated levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR) in NaCl-stressed calli dwindled upon application of non-enzymatic antioxidants; ascorbic acid (AA) and salicylic acid (SA). Many fold increased enzymes concentrations trimmed down even below as present in the control calli. Electron microscopic images accentuated several cellular changes upon NaCl stress such as plasmolysed plasma membrane, disruption of nuclear membrane, increased numbers of nucleoli, alteration in shape and lamellar membrane system in plastid, and increased number of plastoglobuli. The cells retrieved their normal structure upon exposure to non-enzymatic antioxidants. The results of the present experiments conclude that NaCl aggravate oxidative molecules that eventually alleviate antioxidant enzymatic system. Furthermore, the salt stress knocked down by applying ascorbic acid and salicylic acid manifested by normal enzyme level and restoration of cellular structure.
authors.affiliation: Horticulture and Floriculture Institute, Government of Punjab, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Riaz Ur
authors.initials: RU
authors.lastname: Rehman
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zia
authors.forename: Bilal Haider
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Abbasi
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Muhammad Fayyaz
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Chaudhary
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D029062:Apocynaceae / Q000378:metabolism*; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects; D009997:Osmotic Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000096:biosynthesis; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020156:Salicylic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D010940:Plant Proteins; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D020156:Salicylic Acid; D001205:Ascorbic Acid