title: Reactive Oxygen Species-Dependent Nitric Oxide Production Contributes to Hydrogen-Promoted Stomatal Closure in Arabidopsis.
abstract: The signaling role of hydrogen gas (H2) has attracted increasing attention from animals to plants. However, the physiological significance and molecular mechanism of H2in drought tolerance are still largely unexplored. In this article, we report that abscisic acid (ABA) induced stomatal closure in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) by triggering intracellular signaling events involving H2, reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), and the guard cell outward-rectifying K+channel (GORK). ABA elicited a rapid and sustained H2release and production in Arabidopsis. Exogenous hydrogen-rich water (HRW) effectively led to an increase of intracellular H2production, a reduction in the stomatal aperture, and enhanced drought tolerance. Subsequent results revealed that HRW stimulated significant inductions of NO and ROS synthesis associated with stomatal closure in the wild type, which were individually abolished in the nitric reductase mutant nitrate reductase1/2 (nia1/2) or the NADPH oxidase-deficient mutant rbohF (for respiratory burst oxidase homolog). Furthermore, we demonstrate that the HRW-promoted NO generation is dependent on ROS production. The rbohF mutant had impaired NO synthesis and stomatal closure in response to HRW, while these changes were rescued by exogenous application of NO. In addition, both HRW and hydrogen peroxide failed to induce NO production or stomatal closure in the nia1/2 mutant, while HRW-promoted ROS accumulation was not impaired. In the GORK-null mutant, stomatal closure induced by ABA, HRW, NO, or hydrogen peroxide was partially suppressed. Together, these results define a main branch of H2-regulated stomatal movement involved in the ABA signaling cascade in which RbohF-dependent ROS and nitric reductase-associated NO production, and subsequent GORK activation, were causally involved.
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences (Y.X., Y.M., W.Z., D.L., W.S.) and Laboratory Center of Life Sciences (Q.W.), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
authors.forename: Yanjie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences (Y.X., Y.M., W.Z., D.L., W.S.) and Laboratory Center of Life Sciences (Q.W.), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences (Y.X., Y.M., W.Z., D.L., W.S.) and Laboratory Center of Life Sciences (Q.W.), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences (Y.X., Y.M., W.Z., D.L., W.S.) and Laboratory Center of Life Sciences (Q.W.), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
authors.forename: Diwen
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences (Y.X., Y.M., W.Z., D.L., W.S.) and Laboratory Center of Life Sciences (Q.W.), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
authors.forename: Qingya
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences (Y.X., Y.M., W.Z., D.L., W.S.) and Laboratory Center of Life Sciences (Q.W.), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China wbshenh@njau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Wenbiao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shen
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