title: Genetic analysis of the Gdh and Bg genes of animal-derived Giardia duodenalis isolates in Northeastern China and evaluation of zoonotic transmission potential.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Giardia duodenalis is a common intestinal parasite that infects humans and many other mammals, mainly distributing in some areas with poor sanitation. The proportion of the human giardiasis burden attributable to G. duodenalis of animal origin differs in different geographical areas. In Mainland China, genetic data of the gdh and bg genes of G. duodenalis from animals are only limited in dogs and cats. The aim of the study was to provide information on the genetic characterizations of animal-derived G. duodenalis isolates (from rabbits, sheep and cattle) at both loci in Heilongjiang Province, Northeastern China, and to assess the potential for zoonotic transmission.
  
  
  RESULTS
  61 G. duodenalis isolates from animal feces (dairy and beef cattle, sheep and rabbits) in Heilongjiang Province were characterized at the gdh and bg loci in the present study. The gdh and bg gene sequences of sheep-derived G. duodenalis assemblage AI, and the gdh sequences of rabbit-derived G. duodenalis assemblage B had 100% similarity with those from humans, respectively. Novel subtypes of G. duodenalis were identified, with one and seven subtypes for assemblages A and E at the gdh locus, and two and three subtypes for assemblages B and E at the bg locus, respectively. Three pairs of the same bg sequences of assemblage E were observed in sheep and cattle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first description of genetic characterizations of the gdh and bg genes of G. duodenalis from rabbits, sheep and cattle in Mainland China. Homology analysis of assemblages AI and B implied the possibility of zoonotic transmission. The novel subtypes of assemblages of G. duodenalis may represent the endemic genetic characteristics of G. duodenalis in Heilongjiang Province, China.
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
authors.forename: Aiqin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
authors.forename: Fengkun
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, WHO Collaborating Centre for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yujuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
authors.forename: Weizhe
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
authors.forename: Rongjun
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
authors.forename: Longxian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, WHO Collaborating Centre for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jianping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002681:China; D017125:Genes, Protozoan; D016829:Giardia lamblia / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D015047:Zoonoses / Q000635:transmission*
chemical_list: D015800:Protozoan Proteins
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