title: [Changes of hypoxia-inducible factor in residual hepatocellular carcinoma following high-intensity focused ultrasound exposure in nude mice].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the changes in hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF1α, HIF2α) in the residual tumor cells in nude mice bearing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) following treatment with high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty nude mice bearing human HCC received treatment with HIFU. At 1, 3, and 5 days and 1 and 2 weeks after the treatment, the mice were examined for pathological changes of the residual tumor with HE staining; SP immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and real-time quantitative PCR were used to detect the protein and mRNA expressions of HIF1α and HIF2α in the tumor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HE staining revealed the presence of residual tumor cells and large necrotic areas after the treatment. Immunohistochemistry showed a gradual increment of HIF1α protein and mRNA expressions after the treatment, reaching the peak level at 3 days (P<0.05) followed by progressive reduction at 5 days and 1 and 2 weeks. HIF2α expressions at either the protein or mRNA levels exhibited no significant changes within 3 days after the treatment (P>0.05) but increased significantly at 5 days and 1 and 2 weeks (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The changes of HIF1α and HIF2α in the residual tumor after HIFU treatment in nude mice bearing HCC can be associated with tumor cell apoptosis and angiogenesis after the treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China.E-mail: 296179722@qq.com.
authors.forename: Zhihao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Lun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Zhengrong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.forename: Shiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Shengwei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000378:metabolism*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D051379:Mice; D018365:Neoplasm, Residual / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit