title: Dry eye predisposes to corneal neovascularization and lymphangiogenesis after corneal injury in a murine model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Dry eye disease is becoming recognized as an immune-inflammation mediated disorder. Surgical insults such as corneal incision or suture can aggravate dry eye. We sought to determine whether underlying dry eye aggravates corneal inflammatory infiltration, hemangiogenesis, and lymphangiogenesis (LY) induced by surgical injury in a murine model.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used treatment arms; one, normal eye (non-dry eye) and the other, a scopolamine-induced dry eye model. We first compared the corneas of both groups on which no surgery was performed with confocal and fluorescent microscopy. In subgroups of each treatment arm, we made a corneal incision followed by 2 corneal sutures to approximate the wound. After harvesting the cornea on postoperative day 9 and immunohistochemical staining, we compared corneal neovascularization (NV), LY, and CD11b inflammatory cell infiltration between non-dry eye and dry eye groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In corneas in which no surgery was performed, the dry eye group showed more CD11b cell infiltration than did the non-dry eye group (P < 0.05). With respect to corneas after injury, there was significantly more hemangiogenesis, LY, and inflammatory infiltration in the dry eye group than in the non-dry eye group (all P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The underlying status of the cornea, whether it is dry or not, plays a significant role in the development of NV, LY, and inflammation after corneal injury. Dry eye can aggravate post-injury NV, LY, and inflammation.
authors.affiliation: *St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, South Korea; and †Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT.
authors.forename: Yang Kyung
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Bonnie
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Archer
authors.forename: Balamurali K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Ambati
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D039481:CD11b Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D065306:Corneal Injuries; D016510:Corneal Neovascularization / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015352:Dry Eye Syndromes / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D005131:Eye Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007634:Keratitis / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D042583:Lymphangiogenesis; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D039481:CD11b Antigen; D006023:Glycoproteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; C492273:LYVE1 protein, mouse