title: Though not reservoirs, dogs might transmit Leptospira in New Caledonia.
abstract: Leptospira has been a major public health concern in New Caledonia for decades. However, few multidisciplinary studies addressing the zoonotic pattern of this disease were conducted so far. Here, pig, deer and dog samples were collected. Analyses were performed using molecular detection and genotyping. Serological analyses were also performed for dogs. Our results suggest that deer are a reservoir of L. borgpetersenii Hardjobovis and pigs a reservoir of L. interrogans Pomona. Interestingly, 4.4% of dogs were renal carriers of Leptospira. In dog populations, MAT results confirmed the circulation of the same Leptospira serogroups involved in human cases. Even if not reservoirs, dogs might be of significance in human contamination by making an epidemiological link between wild or feral reservoirs and humans. Dogs could bring pathogens back home, shedding Leptospira via their urine and in turn increasing the risk of human contamination. We propose to consider dog as a vector, particularly in rural areas where seroprevalence is significantly higher than urban areas. Our results highlight the importance of animal health in improving leptospirosis prevention in a One Health approach.
authors.affiliation: Institut Pasteur in New Caledonia, 9-11 avenue Paul Doumer, BP 61 98845 NOUMEA Cedex, New Caledonia. ngay@pasteur.nc.
authors.forename: Noellie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gay
authors.affiliation: Institut Pasteur in New Caledonia, 9-11 avenue Paul Doumer, BP 61 98845 NOUMEA Cedex, New Caledonia.
authors.forename: Marie-Estelle
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Soupé-Gilbert
authors.affiliation: Institut Pasteur in New Caledonia, 9-11 avenue Paul Doumer, BP 61 98845 NOUMEA Cedex, New Caledonia. cgoarant@pasteur.nc.
authors.forename: Cyrille
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Goarant
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D003670:Deer / Q000382:microbiology; D004199:Disease Vectors; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000635:transmission*; D004285:Dogs / Q000382:microbiology*; D007668:Kidney / Q000382:microbiology; D007919:Leptospira / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D007922:Leptospirosis / Q000635:transmission* / Q000662:veterinary; D009510:New Caledonia; D015995:Prevalence; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D013552:Swine / Q000382:microbiology; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000635:transmission
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D004269:DNA, Bacterial
references.citation: Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2001 Oct;14(5):527-38
references.pmid: 11964872
references.citation: Vet Rec. 2010 Oct 16;167(16):602-5
references.pmid: 21257439
references.citation: J Clin Microbiol. 2006 Nov;44(11):3954-62
references.pmid: 17088367
references.citation: Clin Microbiol Rev. 2001 Apr;14(2):296-326
references.pmid: 11292640
references.citation: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1958 Jun 3;70(3):393-413
references.pmid: 13559904
references.citation: Epidemiol Infect. 2002 Feb;128(1):29-36
references.pmid: 11895088
references.citation: Bull Soc Pathol Exot. 2007 May;100(2):133-8
references.pmid: 17727039
references.citation: Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2013 Mar;13(3):200-2
references.pmid: 23428087
references.citation: Vet Res. 2007 Jan-Feb;38(1):37-50
references.pmid: 17074294
references.citation: Vet Microbiol. 1997 Sep;57(2-3):215-22
references.pmid: 9355256
references.citation: Vet Microbiol. 2010 Jan 27;140(3-4):287-96
references.pmid: 19345023
references.citation: BMC Microbiol. 2010 Dec 22;10:325
references.pmid: 21176235
references.citation: FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2005 Aug 1;249(1):139-47
references.pmid: 16006065
references.citation: Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2003 Jul;33(4):791-807
references.pmid: 12910744
references.citation: Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2007 Jul;101(7):714-21
references.pmid: 17442353
references.citation: Infect Genet Evol. 2014 Jan;21:484-5
references.pmid: 24184703
references.citation: Vet Microbiol. 2006 Oct 5;117(1):19-24
references.pmid: 16684591
references.citation: Vet Microbiol. 2009 May 28;137(1-2):137-45
references.pmid: 19179023
references.citation: Zoonoses Public Health. 2008 Oct;55(8-10):436-42
references.pmid: 18631236
references.citation: Emerg Infect Dis. 2005 Jul;11(7):1048-54
references.pmid: 16022779
references.citation: J Infect Dis. 1998 Nov;178(5):1457-63
references.pmid: 9780268
references.citation: J Med Microbiol. 2005 Jan;54(Pt 1):45-49
references.pmid: 15591254
references.citation: Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2009 Jul;64(3):247-55
references.pmid: 19395218
references.citation: Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2010 Nov;40(6):1091-101
references.pmid: 20933138
references.citation: PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2011 Oct;5(10):e1361
references.pmid: 22039557
references.citation: Can Vet J. 2002 Dec;43(12):955-61
references.pmid: 12561690
references.citation: Prev Vet Med. 2014 Jan 1;113(1):152-6
references.pmid: 24239212
references.citation: BMC Infect Dis. 2009 Sep 04;9:147
references.pmid: 19732423
references.citation: Emerg Infect Dis. 1997 Jan-Mar;3(1):78-80
references.pmid: 9126452