title: Prostate cancer deaths and incident cases among American Indian/Alaska Native men, 1999-2009.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We linked databases to improve identification of American Indians/Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) in determining prostate cancer death and incidence rates.
  
  
  METHODS
  We linked prostate cancer mortality and incidence data with Indian Health Service (IHS) patient records; analyses focused on residents of IHS Contract Health Service Delivery Area (CHSDA) counties. We calculated age-adjusted incidence and death rates for AI/AN and White men for 1999 to 2009; men of Hispanic origin were excluded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prostate cancer death rates were higher for AI/AN men than for White men. Death rates declined for White men (-3.0% per year) but not for AI/AN men. AI/AN men had lower prostate cancer incidence rates than White men. Incidence rates declined among Whites (-2.2% per year) and AI/ANs (-1.9% per year).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AI/AN men had higher prostate cancer death rates and lower prostate cancer incidence rates than White men. Disparities in accessing health care could contribute to mortality differences, and incidence differences could be related to lower prostate-specific antigen testing rates among AI/AN men.
authors.affiliation: Richard M. Hoffman and Charles Wiggins are with the University of New Mexico School of Medicine and the University of New Mexico Cancer Center, Albuquerque. Richard M. Hoffman is also with the New Mexico VA Health Care System, Albuquerque. Jun Li and Umed A. Ajani are with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Jeffrey A. Henderson is with the Black Hills Center for American Indian Health, Rapid City, SD.
authors.forename: Richard M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Henderson
authors.forename: Umed A
authors.initials: UA
authors.lastname: Ajani
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wiggins
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000413:Alaska / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D002423:Cause of Death; D003644:Death Certificates; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007198:Indians, North American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004930:Inuit / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality; D012042:Registries; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
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