title: Long-term memory: A review and meta-analysis of studies of declarative and procedural memory in specific language impairment.
abstract: This review examined the status of long-term memory systems in specific language impairment (SLI), in particular declarative memory and aspects of procedural memory. Studies included in the review were identified following a systematic search of the literature and findings combined using meta-analysis. This review showed individuals with SLI are poorer than age matched controls in the learning and retrieval of verbal information from the declarative memory. However, there is evidence to suggest that the problems with declarative learning and memory for verbal information in SLI might be due to difficulties with verbal working memory and language. The learning and retrieval of non-verbal information from declarative memory appears relatively intact. In relation to procedural learning and memory, evidence indicates poor implicit learning of verbal information. Findings pertaining to nonverbal information have been mixed. This review of the literature indicates there are now substantial grounds for suspecting that multiple memory systems may be implicated in the impairment.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, Deakin University, Australia.
authors.forename: Jarrad A G
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lum
authors.affiliation: School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Manchester, U.K.
authors.forename: Gina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Conti-Ramsden
references.citation: Annu Rev Psychol. 1998;49:87-115
references.pmid: 9496622
references.citation: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2008 Dec;1145:113-31
references.pmid: 19076393
references.citation: Nat Rev Neurosci. 2002 Feb;3(2):153-60
references.pmid: 11836523
references.citation: Int J Lang Commun Disord. 2005 Jul-Sep;40(3):319-32
references.pmid: 16195191
references.citation: Hum Dev. 2011 Jan;53(5):264-277
references.pmid: 22003258
references.citation: Nature. 2001 Nov 29;414(6863):546-50
references.pmid: 11734855
references.citation: J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2010 Mar;32(3):249-58
references.pmid: 19548167
references.citation: Int J Lang Commun Disord. 2012 Sep-Oct;47(5):542-55
references.pmid: 22938065
references.citation: Neuropsychologia. 2003;41(3):245-51
references.pmid: 12457750
references.citation: J Cogn Neurosci. 1992 Summer;4(3):232-43
references.pmid: 23964880
references.citation: Cortex. 2006 May;42(4):480-5
references.pmid: 16881254
references.citation: Neuropsychologia. 1992 May;30(5):451-8
references.pmid: 1620325
references.citation: Dev Sci. 2006 Jan;9(1):21-32
references.pmid: 16445392
references.citation: Cortex. 2012 Oct;48(9):1138-54
references.pmid: 21774923
references.citation: Trends Cogn Sci. 1998 Jul 1;2(7):240-7
references.pmid: 21244922
references.citation: Child Neuropsychol. 2013;19(6):648-61
references.pmid: 23078276
references.citation: Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2010 Feb;19(1):78-94
references.pmid: 19948760
references.citation: Annu Rev Neurosci. 2002;25:563-93
references.pmid: 12052921
references.citation: J Pediatr Psychol. 2009 Oct;34(9):917-28
references.pmid: 19223279
references.citation: Cognition. 2004 May-Jun;92(1-2):231-70
references.pmid: 15037131
references.citation: Child Neuropsychol. 2014;20(1):14-22
references.pmid: 23062060
references.citation: Brain Lang. 2013 Oct;127(1):46-54
references.pmid: 23312790
references.citation: Am Psychol. 2005 Feb-Mar;60(2):170-80
references.pmid: 15740449
references.citation: Nat Rev Neurosci. 2003 Oct;4(10):829-39
references.pmid: 14523382
references.citation: J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2009 May;31(4):498-504
references.pmid: 18763203
references.citation: Trends Cogn Sci. 2005 Feb;9(2):53-9
references.pmid: 15668097
references.citation: Hippocampus. 1998;8(3):198-204
references.pmid: 9662134
references.citation: Nat Rev Neurosci. 2001 Oct;2(10):717-26
references.pmid: 11584309
references.citation: J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2006 Apr;49(2):265-77
references.pmid: 16671843
references.citation: Dev Med Child Neurol. 2010 Jun;52(6):535-40
references.pmid: 19807770
references.citation: Res Dev Disabil. 2013 Oct;34(10):3460-76
references.pmid: 23920029
references.citation: Trends Cogn Sci. 2007 Mar;11(3):126-35
references.pmid: 17270487
references.citation: Trends Neurosci. 1990 Jul;13(7):266-71
references.pmid: 1695401
references.citation: J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 1995 May;21(3):699-710
references.pmid: 7602267
references.citation: BMJ. 2001 Jun 16;322(7300):1479-80
references.pmid: 11408310
references.citation: Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 1995 Jan;20(1):91-127
references.pmid: 7711769
references.citation: J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2006 Jan;47(1):4-15
references.pmid: 16405635
references.citation: Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2015 Apr;51:205-22
references.pmid: 25597655
references.citation: Behav Neurosci. 1988 Feb;102(1):141-7
references.pmid: 2965592
references.citation: Int J Lang Commun Disord. 2010 Jan-Feb;45(1):96-107
references.pmid: 19900077
references.citation: Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2004 Nov;82(3):171-7
references.pmid: 15464402
references.citation: Science. 1996 Dec 13;274(5294):1926-8
references.pmid: 8943209
references.citation: Clin Neuropsychol. 2002 Dec;16(4):452-62
references.pmid: 12822054
references.citation: Cortex. 2014 Feb;51:1-10
references.pmid: 24315731
references.citation: Int J Lang Commun Disord. 2006 Nov-Dec;41(6):675-93
references.pmid: 17079222
references.citation: J Commun Disord. 2012 Jan-Feb;45(1):46-58
references.pmid: 22000901
references.citation: Nat Rev Neurosci. 2000 Oct;1(1):41-50
references.pmid: 11252767
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Jul 19;91(15):7041-5
references.pmid: 8041742
references.citation: J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2009 Apr;52(2):321-35
references.pmid: 19339700
references.citation: Learn Mem. 1994 Jul-Aug;1(2):106-20
references.pmid: 10467589
references.citation: Neuron. 2004 Sep 30;44(1):109-20
references.pmid: 15450164
references.citation: Brain Lang. 2004 Feb;88(2):180-9
references.pmid: 14965540
references.citation: Annu Rev Neurosci. 1986;9:357-81
references.pmid: 3085570
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Nov 26;93(24):13515-22
references.pmid: 8942965
references.citation: Annu Rev Neurosci. 2004;27:279-306
references.pmid: 15217334
references.citation: Appl Neuropsychol. 2007;14(4):255-61
references.pmid: 18067421
references.citation: Cortex. 2005 Jun;41(3):399-433
references.pmid: 15871604
references.citation: J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2011 Mar;17(2):336-43
references.pmid: 21269540