title: In situ evaluation of Paenibacillus alvei in reducing carriage of Salmonella enterica serovar Newport on whole tomato plants.
abstract: Recently, tomatoes have been implicated as a primary vehicle in food-borne outbreaks of Salmonella enterica serovar Newport and other Salmonella serovars. Long-term intervention measures to reduce Salmonella prevalence on tomatoes remain elusive for growing and postharvest environments. A naturally occurring bacterium identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing as Paenibacillus alvei was isolated epiphytically from plants native to the Virginia Eastern Shore tomato-growing region. After initial antimicrobial activity screening against Salmonella and 10 other bacterial pathogens associated with the human food supply, strain TS-15 was further used to challenge an attenuated strain of S. Newport on inoculated fruits, leaves, and blossoms of tomato plants in an insect-screened high tunnel with a split-plot design. Survival of Salmonella after inoculation was measured for groups with and those without the antagonist at days 0, 1, 2, and 3 and either day 5 for blossoms or day 6 for fruits and leaves. Strain TS-15 exhibited broad-range antimicrobial activity against both major food-borne pathogens and major bacterial phytopathogens of tomato. After P. alvei strain TS-15 was applied onto the fruits, leaves, and blossoms of tomato plants, the concentration of S. Newport declined significantly (P ≤ 0.05) compared with controls. Astonishingly, >90% of the plants had no detectable levels of Salmonella by day 5 for blossoms. The naturally occurring antagonist strain TS-15 is highly effective in reducing the carriage of Salmonella Newport on whole tomato plants. The application of P. alvei strain TS-15 is a promising approach for reducing the risk of Salmonella contamination during tomato production.
authors.affiliation: Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Allard
authors.affiliation: Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Enurah
authors.affiliation: Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Errol
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Strain
authors.affiliation: Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Agriculture Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Millner
authors.affiliation: Virginia Tech, Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Painter, Virginia, USA.
authors.forename: Steven L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Rideout
authors.affiliation: Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Eric W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA jie.zheng@fda.hhs.gov.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D000898:Antibiosis; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005638:Fruit / Q000382:microbiology; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000382:microbiology*; D050296:Microbial Viability; D056507:Paenibacillus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D010572:Pest Control, Biological; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000382:microbiology; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D019779:Salmonella enterica / Q000254:growth & development*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014768:Virginia
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
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