title: Bisphenol A exposure is not associated with area-level socioeconomic index in Australian children using pooled urine samples.
abstract: Bisphenol A (BPA) is used extensively in food-contact materials and has been detected routinely in populations worldwide; this exposure has been linked to a range of negative health outcomes in humans. There is some evidence of an association between BPA and different socioeconomic variables which may be the result of different dietary patterns. The aim of this study was to conduct a preliminary investigation of the association between BPA and socioeconomic status in Australian children using pooled urine specimens and an area-level socioeconomic index. Surplus pathology urine specimens collected from children aged 0-15 years in Queensland, Australia, as samples of convenience (n=469), were pooled by age, sex and area-level socioeconomic index (n=67 pools) and analysed for total BPA using online solid-phase extraction LC-MS/MS. Concentration ranged from 1.08 to 27.4 ng/ml with geometric mean 2.57 ng/ml, and geometric mean exposure was estimated as 70.3 ng/kg d(-1). Neither BPA concentration nor excretion was associated with age or sex, and the authors found no evidence of an association with socioeconomic status. These results suggest that BPA exposure is not associated with socioeconomic status in the Australian population due to relatively homogenous exposures in Australia, or that the socioeconomic gradient is relatively slight in Australia compared with other OECD countries.
authors.affiliation: National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology, University of Queensland, 39 Kessels Rd, Coopers Plains, Brisbane, Queensland, 4108, Australia, a.heffernan1@uq.edu.au.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Heffernan
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Sly
authors.forename: L M L
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Toms
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hobson
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Mueller
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000652:urine*; D001692:Biological Transport; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010636:Phenols / Q000652:urine*; D011793:Queensland; D012923:Social Class; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D010636:Phenols; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
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