title: Initial prevalence of anal human papilloma virus infection in liver transplant recipients.
abstract: Although liver transplant recipients are at increased risk of human papilloma virus (HPV)-related anal cancer, limited data are available regarding the initial prevalence of anal HPV infection in this population. Anal swabs collected from 50 liver transplant recipients within the first three postoperative weeks were subjected to real-time polymerase chain reaction for detection of the four HPV genotypes: 6, 11, 16, and 18. Predictors of any, low-risk, and high-risk anal HPV infection were evaluated. Overall, the prevalence of any anal HPV infection was 18.0%, with the corresponding rates for high- and low-risk HPV genotypes being 8.0% and 10.0%, respectively. Infection with any type of anal HPV was higher in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (P = 0.027), ≥3 sexual partners (P = 0.031), and alcoholic liver disease (P = 0.063). HBV infection was the only factor significantly associated with high-risk HPV infection (P = 0.038). Male sex (P = 0.050), age ≥52 years (P = 0.016), ≥30 sexual partners (P = 0.003), age at first intercourse ≤18 years (P = 0.045), and time since first intercourse ≥38 years (P = 0.012) were identified as predictors of low-risk HPV infection. These results indicate that HPV vaccination of liver transplant candidates and screening for anal HPV infection in high-risk groups should be considered.
authors.affiliation: Department of General, Transplant and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Michał
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grąt
authors.forename: Karolina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Grąt
authors.forename: Wacław
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hołówko
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Malejczyk
authors.forename: Szymon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Walter de Walthoffen
authors.forename: Zbigniew
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lewandowski
authors.forename: Konrad
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kobryń
authors.forename: Waldemar
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Patkowski
authors.forename: Sławomir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Majewski
authors.forename: Grażyna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Młynarczyk
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krawczyk
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001004:Anus Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000145:classification; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012725:Sexual Behavior
keywords: anal cancer; hepatitis B; human papilloma virus; liver transplantation; sexually transmitted disease; vaccination