title: Intraoperative motive for performing a laparoscopic appendectomy on a postoperative histological proven normal appendix.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diagnostic laparoscopy is the ultimate tool to evaluate the appendix. However, the intraoperative evaluation of the appendix is difficult, as the negative appendectomy rate remains 12%-18%. The aim of this study is to analyze the intraoperative motive for performing a laparoscopic appendectomy of an appendix that was proven to be noninflamed after histological examination.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 2008 and 2009, in five hospitals, operation reports of all negative laparoscopic appendectomies were retrospectively analyzed in order to assess the intraoperative motive for removing the appendix.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1,465 appendectomies were analyzed with an overall negative appendectomy rate of 9% (132/1,465). In 57% (841/1,465), a laparoscopic appendectomy was performed, with 9% (n = 75) negative appendectomies. In 51% of the negative appendectomies, the visual assessment of the appendix was decisive in performing the appendectomy. In 33%, the surgeon was in doubt whether the appendix was inflamed or normal. In 4%, the surgeon was aware he removed a healthy appendix, and in 9%, an appendectomy was performed for different reasons.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In more than half of the microscopic healthy appendices, the surgeon was convinced of the diagnosis appendicitis during surgery. Intraoperative laparoscopic assessment of the appendix can be difficult.
authors.affiliation: University of Groningen. University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands. Department of Surgery.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Slotboom
authors.affiliation: University of Groningen. University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands. Department of Surgery j.t.h.hamminga@umcg.nl.
authors.forename: J T H
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Hamminga
authors.affiliation: University of Groningen. University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands. Department of Surgery.
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Hofker
authors.affiliation: University of Groningen. University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands. Department of Surgery.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Heineman
authors.affiliation: University of Groningen. University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands. Department of Surgery.
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Haveman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001062:Appendectomy / Q000379:methods*; D001064:Appendicitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D001065:Appendix / Q000473:pathology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011184:Postoperative Period; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D019564:Unnecessary Procedures; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Appendix; appendicitis; laparoscopic appendectomy; laparoscopy; negative appendectomy