title: Effect of Biodentine and Bioaggregate on odontoblastic differentiation via mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in human dental pulp cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the mineralization inductive capacity of Biodentine and Bioaggregate with Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and to investigate possible signaling pathways of mineralization in human dental pulp cells (HDPCs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Viability of HDPCs in response to Biodentine, Bioaggregate, and MTA was measured using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide. To investigate their potential to induce odontoblast differentiation, expression of dentine sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) and dentine matrix protein1 (DMP1) mRNA level was evaluated by RT-PCR. For the mineralized nodule assay, Alizarin red staining was performed. To determine the role of MAPK signaling in the odontoblastic differentiation of HDPCs, activated MAPKs were investigated by Western blot and the effect of MAPK inhibitor was examined by Alizarin red S staining. The results were statistically analysed using one-way anova and the Bonferroni test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The effects of MTA, Biodentine, and Bioaggregate on cell viability were similar. Biodentine and Bioaggregate enhanced DSPP and DMP1 mRNA expression compared to the control group, but to the same extent as MTA (P < 0.05). MTA, Biodentine, and Bioaggregate increased the area of calcified nodules compared to the control (P < 0.01). MTA, Biodentine, and Bioaggregate increased phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). MAPK inhibitors attenuated mineralized nodule formation, which was increased by MTA, Biodentine, and Bioaggregate, respectively (P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Biodentine and Bioaggregate stimulated odontoblastic differentiation and mineralization nodule formation by activating the MAPK pathway as did MTA. This suggests that the new materials could be useful for regenerative endodontic procedures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea; Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders. Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: J-Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: S-M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.forename: B-N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: J-T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Nör
authors.forename: Y-C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Hwang
mesh_terms: D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000166:cytology*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006882:Hydroxyapatites / Q000494:pharmacology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008963:Molar; D009804:Odontoblasts / Q000187:drug effects*; D010087:Oxides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D017640:Silicates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D000099311:Dentin Sialophosphoprotein
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide; D004338:Drug Combinations; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D006882:Hydroxyapatites; D010087:Oxides; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins; D017640:Silicates; D000099311:Dentin Sialophosphoprotein; C557009:BioAggregate; C513309:DMP1 protein, human; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate; C506393:tricalcium silicate
keywords: MAPK; bioaggregate; biodentine; mineralization; odontoblast