title: Fragile X mental retardation protein regulates translation by binding directly to the ribosome.
abstract: Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common form of inherited mental retardation, and it is caused by loss of function of the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). FMRP is an RNA-binding protein that is involved in the translational regulation of several neuronal mRNAs. However, the precise mechanism of translational inhibition by FMRP is unknown. Here, we show that FMRP inhibits translation by binding directly to the L5 protein on the 80S ribosome. Furthermore, cryoelectron microscopic reconstruction of the 80S ribosome⋅FMRP complex shows that FMRP binds within the intersubunit space of the ribosome such that it would preclude the binding of tRNA and translation elongation factors on the ribosome. These findings suggest that FMRP inhibits translation by blocking the essential components of the translational machinery from binding to the ribosome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0314 USA.
authors.forename: Eileen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Division of Translational Medicine, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, Albany, New York 12201-0509 USA.
authors.forename: Manjuli R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0314 USA.
authors.forename: Xinying
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Division of Translational Medicine, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, Albany, New York 12201-0509 USA.|Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, New York 12201 USA.
authors.forename: Rajendra K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Agrawal
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0314 USA.
authors.forename: Simpson
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Joseph
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020285:Cryoelectron Microscopy; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051860:Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein 1 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D054856:G-Quadruplexes; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D008958:Models, Molecular; D010442:Peptide Chain Initiation, Translational; D011485:Protein Binding; D012269:Ribosomal Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D012270:Ribosomes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D051860:Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein 1; D012269:Ribosomal Proteins; C467328:FMR1 protein, Drosophila; C029742:ribosomal protein L5
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