title: Prognostic factors for survival of patients with ampullary carcinoma after local resection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Local resection (LR) is a potentially effective alternative to pancreaticoduodenectomy for treatment of ampullary cancer, but the prognostic factors remain undefined. The purpose of this study was to identify the prognostic factors for ampullary cancer patients who had undergone LR.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed the clinical, pathological data and surgical approach of 34 ampullary cancer patients who had undergone LR during 1996-2009 at People's Liberation Army General Hospital. Prognostic factors for survival and recurrence were analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates of the patients were 97.1, 69.5 and 53.7%, respectively. The gender, age, preoperative bilirubin levels, CA19-9 levels and preoperative biopsy did not correlate with the survival rates. The survival rates of patient with T1 and T2 tumours were superior to that of patients with T3 tumours (P = 0.000). Tumour size, surgical margin status and the extent of differentiation had no effect on survival rates (P = 0.464, P = 0.601 and P = 0.121, respectively). The survival rate of patients who had extraduodenal LR (12 cases) was superior to that of patients who had transduodenal LR (22 cases) (P = 0.026). Tumour recurrence occurred in 14 (41.2%) patients. Tumour infiltration (P = 0.014) correlated with the recurrence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The degree of tumour infiltration is the pathological factor that most affects the survival of ampullary cancer patients who undergo LR. Extraduodenal LR is a promising surgical procedure, the efficacy of which is superior to that of transduodenal LR. The depth of tumour invasion correlated with the recurrence.
authors.affiliation: Hospital and Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xiangqian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Hospital and Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jiahong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Hospital and Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoqiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Hospital and Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Wenzhi
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Hospital and Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000601:surgery*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014670:Ampulla of Vater / Q000601:surgery*; D001662:Biliary Tract Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D003138:Common Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate
keywords: ampullary cancer; local resection; pathology; prognosis