title: Endurance exercise training and diferuloyl methane supplement: changes in neurotrophic factor and oxidative stress induced by lead in rat brain.
abstract: Lead is a highly neurotoxic agent that particularly affects the developing central nervous system. In the current study we investigated the neuroprotective effects of exercise training and/or diferuloyl methane (DM) supplement, which is known as curcumin, on lead acetate-induced neurotoxicity in the rat hippocampus. Sixty rats were randomly divided into six groups: 1) lead acetate, 2) DM supplement, 3) endurance training, 4) training+ DM supplement, 5) sham and 6) base. The rats in the training groups performed treadmill running consisting of 15 to 22 m · min(-1) for 25 to 64 min, 5 times a week for 8 weeks. All groups except sham received lead acetate (20 mg · kg(-1)), whereas the sham group received DM solvent. In addition, the DM and training + DM groups received DM solution (30 mg · kg(-1)) intraperitoneally. Chronic administration of lead acetate resulted in a significant increase in the malondialdehyde (MDA) in plasma, but not in the hippocampus. In addition, it led to significantly decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels, as compared to the sham group. Treadmill running, DM supplementation, or both resulted in a significant decrease in MDA levels and significantly increased BDNF and TAC levels, as compared to the lead acetate group. These results provide a rationale for an inhibitory role of DM supplement and regular exercise in the attenuation of lead-induced neurotoxicity.
authors.affiliation: College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Department of Sport Physiology, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.
authors.forename: Roshan V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Dabidi
authors.affiliation: Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hosseinzadeh
authors.affiliation: Fatemeh Zahra Infertility and Reproductive health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran ; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mahjoub
authors.affiliation: Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction (SMI), Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers vej 7D-3, DK 9220 Aalborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hosseinzadeh
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Division, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Myers
keywords: BDNF; diferuloyl methane supplement; endurance exercise; lead; oxidative stress
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