title: Clinicopathologic significance of nuclear factor-κB and vascular endothelial growth factor expression in advanced gastric cancer patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are involved in cell proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis. The principal objective of this study was to assess the prognostic significance of NF-κB and VEGF expression in gastric cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tumor tissues of 154 patients with gastric cancer, all of whom underwent potentially curative resection, were immunohistochemically evaluated using monoclonal antibodies against NF-κB and VEGF.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The positivity rates of NF-κB and VEGF staining were 44.2% and 39.6%, respectively. NF-κB expression in tumor tissues was significantly correlated with VEGF expression (p < 0.001). VEGF expression was related to Lauren's classification (p = 0.002), differentiation (p = 0.043), depth of invasion (p = 0.005), carcinoembryonic antigen expression (p = 0.032), and stage (p = 0.026). Univariate analysis demonstrated that NF-κB expression was significantly related to both the 5-year disease-free survival (65.2% vs. 46.4%, p = 0.007) and the 5-year overall survival (60.0% vs. 42.5%, p = 0.014). Multivariate analysis verified that NF-κB was independently associated with disease-free survival (hazard ratio: 2.082, p = 0.005) and overall survival (hazard ratio: 1.841, p = 0.008).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NF-κB expression in tumor tissue is associated with poor survival in gastric cancer patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, Korea.
authors.forename: Keon Woo
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Su-Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sung Yong
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Oh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000601:surgery; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D016328:NF-kappa B; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A