title: NiXantphos: a deprotonatable ligand for room-temperature palladium-catalyzed cross-couplings of aryl chlorides.
abstract: Although the past 15 years have witnessed the development of sterically bulky and electron-rich alkylphosphine ligands for palladium-catalyzed cross-couplings with aryl chlorides, examples of palladium catalysts based on either triarylphosphine or bidentate phosphine ligands for efficient room temperature cross-coupling reactions with unactivated aryl chlorides are rare. Herein we report a palladium catalyst based on NiXantphos, a deprotonatable chelating aryldiphosphine ligand, to oxidatively add unactivated aryl chlorides at room temperature. Surprisingly, comparison of an extensive array of ligands revealed that under the basic reaction conditions the resultant heterobimetallic Pd-NiXantphos catalyst system outperformed all the other mono- and bidentate ligands in a deprotonative cross-coupling process (DCCP) with aryl chlorides. The DCCP with aryl chlorides affords a variety of triarylmethane products, a class of compounds with various applications and interesting biological activity. Additionally, the DCCP exhibits remarkable chemoselectivity in the presence of aryl chloride substrates bearing heteroaryl groups and sensitive functional groups that are known to undergo 1,2-addition, aldol reaction, and O-, N-, enolate-α-, and C(sp(2))-H arylations. The advantages and importance of the Pd-NiXantphos catalyst system outlined herein make it a valuable contribution for applications in Pd-catalyzed arylation reactions with aryl chlorides.
authors.affiliation: Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Penn/Merck Laboratory for High-Throughput Experimentation, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States.
authors.forename: Jiadi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bellomo
authors.forename: Nisalak
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Trongsiriwat
authors.forename: Tiezheng
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: Patrick J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.forename: Spencer D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Dreher
authors.forename: Matthew T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Tudge
authors.forename: Haolin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Jerome R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Schelter
authors.forename: Patrick J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Walsh
mesh_terms: D002384:Catalysis; D002712:Chlorides / Q000737:chemistry*; D006841:Hydrocarbons, Aromatic / Q000737:chemistry*; D008024:Ligands; D008958:Models, Molecular; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010165:Palladium / Q000737:chemistry*; D010720:Phosphines / Q000737:chemistry*; D011522:Protons; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D002712:Chlorides; D006841:Hydrocarbons, Aromatic; D008024:Ligands; D010720:Phosphines; D011522:Protons; D010165:Palladium; C044646:phosphine
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