title: Sexually dimorphic actions of glucocorticoids: beyond chromosomes and sex hormones.
abstract: Sexual dimorphism is a well-documented phenomenon that is observed at all levels of the animal kingdom. Historically, sex hormones (testosterone and estrogen) have been implicated as key players in a wide array of pathologies displaying sexual dimorphism in their etiology and progression. While these hormones clearly contribute to sexually dimorphic diseases, other factors may be involved in this phenomenon as well. In particular, the stress hormone cortisol exerts differential effects in both males and females. The underlying molecular basis for the sexually dimorphic actions of glucocorticoids is unknown but clearly important to understand, since synthetic glucocorticoids are the most widely prescribed medication for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases and hematological cancers in humans.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Signal Transduction, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Quinn
authors.forename: Sivapriya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ramamoorthy
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Cidlowski
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D041321:Chromosomes, Human, X / Q000502:physiology; D041322:Chromosomes, Human, Y / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000502:physiology*; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid / Q000378:metabolism; D012727:Sex Characteristics
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid
keywords: glucocorticoid receptor; glucocorticoids; sex hormone; sexual dimorphism
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