title: Efficient immobilization of mushroom tyrosinase utilizing whole cells from Agaricus bisporus and its application for degradation of bisphenol A.
abstract: A simple and efficient procedure for preparation and immobilization of tyrosinase enzyme was developed utilizing whole cells from the edible mushroom Agaricus bisporus, without the need for enzyme purification. Tyrosinase activity in the cell preparation remained constant during storage at 21 °C for at least six months. The cells were entrapped in chitosan and alginate matrix capsules and characterized with respect to their resulting tyrosinase activity. A modification of the alginate with colloidal silica enhanced the activity due to retention of both cells and tyrosinase from fractured cells, which otherwise leached from matrix capsules. The observed activity was similar to the activity that was obtained with immobilized isolated tyrosinase in the same material. Mushroom cells in water were susceptible to rapid inactivation, whereas the immobilized cells maintained 73% of their initial activity after 30 days of storage in water. Application in repeated batch experiments resulted in almost 100% conversion of endocrine disrupting bisphenol A (BPA) for 11 days, under stirring conditions, and 50-60% conversion after 20 days, without stirring under continuous usage. The results represent the longest yet reported application of immobilized tyrosinase for degradation of BPA in environmental water samples.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Str. 66, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kampmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Str. 66, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Boll
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Str. 66, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kossuch
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Str. 66, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bielecki
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Str. 66, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uhl
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Str. 66, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
authors.forename: Beatrice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kleiner
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Str. 66, 44227 Dortmund, Germany. Electronic address: wichmann@bci.tu-dortmund.de.
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wichmann
mesh_terms: D000364:Agaricus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000201:enzymology*; D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D048690:Fruiting Bodies, Fungal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D048271:Chitosan; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase; D010636:Phenols; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
keywords: Bisphenol A; Degradation; Environmental water; Immobilization; Mushroom cells; Tyrosinase