title: Digital thermography of the fingers and toes in Raynaud's phenomenon.
abstract: The aim of this study was to determine whether skin temperature measurement by digital thermography on hands and feet is useful for diagnosis of Raynaud's phenomenon (RP). Fifty-seven patients with RP (primary RP, n = 33; secondary RP, n = 24) and 146 healthy volunteers were recruited. After acclimation to room temperature for 30 min, thermal imaging of palmar aspect of hands and dorsal aspect of feet were taken. Temperature differences between palm (center) and the coolest finger and temperature differences between foot dorsum (center) and first toe significantly differed between patients and controls. The area under curve analysis showed that temperature difference of the coolest finger (cutoff value: 2.2℃) differentiated RP patients from controls (sensitivity/specificity: 67/60%, respectively). Temperature differences of first toe (cutoff value: 3.11℃) also discriminated RP patients (sensitivity/specificity: about 73/66%, respectively). A combination of thermographic assessment of the coolest finger and first toe was highly effective in men (sensitivity/specificity : about 88/60%, respectively) while thermographic assessment of first toe was solely sufficient for women (sensitivity/specificity: about 74/68%, respectively). Thermographic assessment of the coolest finger and first toe is useful for diagnosing RP. In women, thermography of first toe is highly recommended.
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Mie Jin
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7405-8139
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Seong Ryul
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1262-2790
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyong-Hee
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5757-5775
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Kowoon
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3517-5033
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Joo
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Shin-Goo
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1544-4486
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Won
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0004-8034
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005385:Fingers / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012372:ROC Curve; D011928:Raynaud Disease / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012881:Skin Temperature; D013817:Thermography; D014034:Toes / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Digital Thermography; Raynaud Disease; Temperature; Thermography
references.citation: Rheumatology (Oxford). 2008 Feb;47(2):219-21
references.pmid: 18208825
references.citation: Clin Exp Rheumatol. 1992 Sep-Oct;10(5):485-8
references.pmid: 1458701
references.citation: IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 1998 Dec;17(6):1019-27
references.pmid: 10048859
references.citation: Rheumatology (Oxford). 2001 Apr;40(4):410-3
references.pmid: 11312379
references.citation: Hypertension. 1991 May;17(5):593-602
references.pmid: 2022404
references.citation: J R Coll Gen Pract. 1983 Feb;33(247):85-9
references.pmid: 6864639
references.citation: Microvasc Res. 2011 Nov;82(3):364-8
references.pmid: 21420982
references.citation: J Clin Rheumatol. 2011 Sep;17(6):311-4
references.pmid: 21869710
references.citation: Ann Rheum Dis. 1998 Feb;57(2):70-8
references.pmid: 9613334
references.citation: Lancet. 2001 Jun 23;357(9273):2042-8
references.pmid: 11438158
references.citation: Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2002 Feb;31(4):248-55
references.pmid: 11836657
references.citation: J Rheumatol. 1999 May;26(5):1125-8
references.pmid: 10332978
references.citation: Microvasc Res. 2010 Jul;80(1):54-7
references.pmid: 20144625
references.citation: Rheumatology (Oxford). 2007 Mar;46(3):533-8
references.pmid: 17018538
references.citation: Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2001 Jul;52(1):17-23
references.pmid: 11453886