title: Update on enterovirus 71 infection.
abstract: Human enterovirus type 71 (EV71) has emerged as a major cause of viral encephalitis in children worldwide. The identified EV71 receptors provide useful information for understanding EV71replication and tissue tropism. Host factors interact with the internal ribosome entry site (IRES) of EV71 to regulate viral translation. However, the specific molecular features of the EV71 genome that determine virulence remain unclear. The EV71 capsid protein VP1 region might contribute to virulence and neurotropism. Transgenic mice expressing the EV71 receptor that were infected with the virus exhibited a disease similar to that observed in infected humans. Antiviral drug and vaccine development is urgently required to prevent EV71 epidemics. Delineating viral host interactions and identifying specific mechanisms that might control the neural tropism of EV71 pathogenesis would be substantial advances.
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung University, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Peng-Nien
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung University, Taiwan, ROC; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, Chang Gung University, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taiwan, ROC; Clinical Virology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, ROC. Electronic address: srshih@mail.cgu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Shin-Ru
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Shih
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D029821:Enterovirus A, Human / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology*; D004769:Enterovirus Infections / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D036022:Capsid Proteins