title: Kallikrein 3 and vitamin D receptor polymorphisms: potentials environmental risk factors for prostate cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relationship and interaction of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of KLK3 and VDR and environmental factors with the predisposition to prostate cancer within Chinese population.
  
  
  METHODS
  The comparison between 108 patients and 242 healthy people was carried out by using the TaqMan/MGB Probe Technology to determine the genotypes of KLK3(rs2735839 is located between KLK2 and KLK3) and VDR (rs731236 is located exon 9). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression model were used to assess the connection of genetic polymorphisms and environmental risk factors with PCa by collecting demographic information, as well as BMI, consumption of cigarettes, alcohol, and tea, exercise, and other environmental risk factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The appearing frequencies of AA, AG, and GG genotypes at the SNPs rs2735839 (A/G) for KLK3 were 13.89%, 62.96% and 23.15% in PCa and 37.19%, 44.63%, 18.18% in control, respectively; these two groups are statistically different (P=0.00). While the appearing frequencies of TT, TC, and CC genotypes at the SNPs rs731236 (T/C) for VDR were 88.89%, 9, 26%, 1.85% and 90.50%, 9.10%, 0.40% in control, respectively, with no significant statistical difference between the two group. The study confirmed decreasing risk in tea drinkers (OR=0.58, 95% CI=0.35-0.96).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our studies indicate that environmental factor-tea drinking is associated with the development of PCa. The habit of drinking tea is a protective factor against PCa. The SNPs rs2735839 for KLK3 is strongly related to the development of PCa, while the SNPs rs731236 for VDR is not.
  The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/9759981571058803.
authors.forename: Jianpeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: Liansheng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, People's Hospital Affiliated of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212002, Jiangsu, China. pdcuifeilun@163.com.
authors.forename: Feilun
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cui
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D005787:Gene Frequency; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007610:Kallikreins / Q000235:genetics*; D008019:Life Style; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000235:genetics*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol; C579457:VDR protein, human; C549870:KLK3 protein, human; D007610:Kallikreins; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen
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