title: Research progress on surface antigen 1 (SAG1) of Toxoplasma gondii.
abstract: Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasitic protozoan that has a wide host range and causes a zoonotic parasitosis called toxoplasmosis. This infection causes significant morbidity, costs for care and loss of productivity and suffering. The most effective measures to minimize this parasite's harm to patients are prompt diagnosis and treatment and preventing infection. A parasite surface antigen, SAG1, is considered an important antigen for the development of effective diagnostic tests or subunit vaccines. This review covers several aspects of this antigen, including its gene structure, contribution to host invasion, mechanisms of the immune responses and its applications for diagnosis and vaccine development. This significant progress on this antigen provides foundations for further development of more effective and precise approaches to diagnose toxoplasmosis in the clinic, and also have important implications for exploring novel measures to control toxoplasmosis in the near future.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China. wangyh061001@163.com.
authors.forename: Yanhua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yin
mesh_terms: D000953:Antigens, Protozoan / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016052:Protozoan Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D014122:Toxoplasma / Q000378:metabolism*; D014123:Toxoplasmosis / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D000953:Antigens, Protozoan; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; D016052:Protozoan Vaccines; C047168:SAG1 antigen, Toxoplasma
references.citation: Vaccine. 2003 Mar 28;21(13-14):1327-35
references.pmid: 12615427
references.citation: J Med Microbiol. 2002 Oct;51(10):879-890
references.pmid: 12435069
references.citation: J Immunol. 1993 May 1;150(9):3951-64
references.pmid: 7682587
references.citation: J Immunol. 1983 May;130(5):2407-12
references.pmid: 6833761
references.citation: J Immunol. 1992 Dec 1;149(11):3636-41
references.pmid: 1431132
references.citation: Infect Immun. 2003 Nov;71(11):6615-9
references.pmid: 14573684
references.citation: Parasit Vectors. 2013 Jan 16;6(1):15
references.pmid: 23324409
references.citation: J Clin Microbiol. 1994 Nov;32(11):2813-9
references.pmid: 7852576
references.citation: Parasit Vectors. 2012 Feb 13;5:35
references.pmid: 22330277
references.citation: J Parasitol. 1995 Oct;81(5):723-9
references.pmid: 7472862
references.citation: Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jun 15;28(12):E63
references.pmid: 10871386
references.citation: Exp Parasitol. 1994 Aug;79(1):11-20
references.pmid: 8050521
references.citation: Parasit Vectors. 2011 Aug 24;4:165
references.pmid: 21864327
references.citation: Parasitol Res. 1991;77(4):351-2
references.pmid: 1714080
references.citation: Parasit Vectors. 2011 Nov 22;4:218
references.pmid: 22107730
references.citation: Parasitology. 2004 Apr;128(Pt 4):391-6
references.pmid: 15151144
references.citation: Pathobiology. 2007;74(1):50-6
references.pmid: 17496433
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 1994 Jun 10;269(23):16217-22
references.pmid: 8206924
references.citation: Parasit Vectors. 2012 Nov 26;5:273
references.pmid: 23181694
references.citation: Vaccine. 2005 Aug 22;23(36):4489-99
references.pmid: 15935521
references.citation: Mol Biochem Parasitol. 1994 Jul;66(1):31-8
references.pmid: 7527124
references.citation: J Med Microbiol. 1990 May;32(1):25-31
references.pmid: 2342084
references.citation: Parasite Immunol. 2005 Jan-Feb;27(1-2):29-35
references.pmid: 15813720
references.citation: Infect Immun. 1996 Dec;64(12):5193-8
references.pmid: 8945565
references.citation: Vaccine. 2008 Jul 23;26(31):3913-21
references.pmid: 18555564
references.citation: J Parasitol. 1983 Jun;69(3):459-64
references.pmid: 6415262
references.citation: Parasitol Int. 2008 Dec;57(4):424-9
references.pmid: 18562245
references.citation: J Immunol. 1991 Jan 1;146(1):286-92
references.pmid: 1670604
references.citation: Parasit Vectors. 2012 Sep 19;5:205
references.pmid: 22992281
references.citation: Parasit Vectors. 2013 Jun 14;6:175
references.pmid: 23768047
references.citation: Vaccine. 2001 Feb 28;19(15-16):2172-80
references.pmid: 11228390
references.citation: Parasit Vectors. 2013 Aug 20;6(1):241
references.pmid: 23958280
references.citation: BMC Infect Dis. 2003 May 02;3:7
references.pmid: 12729464
references.citation: Mol Immunol. 1994 Dec;31(17):1353-63
references.pmid: 7997247
references.citation: Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 1996;219:45-54
references.pmid: 8791687
references.citation: Parasit Vectors. 2011 May 13;4:75
references.pmid: 21569516
references.citation: Parasit Vectors. 2013 Mar 13;6:63
references.pmid: 23497561
references.citation: J Infect Dis. 1975 Jul;132(1):44-8
references.pmid: 808579
references.citation: J Clin Pathol. 1992 Oct;45(10):931-2
references.pmid: 1430269
references.citation: Parasitol Res. 1996;82(8):715-9
references.pmid: 8897506
references.citation: Parasit Vectors. 2013 Apr 30;6:125
references.pmid: 23631709
references.citation: Parasitology. 2001 Sep;123(Pt 3):225-33
references.pmid: 11578086
references.citation: Infect Immun. 1996 Jun;64(6):2158-66
references.pmid: 8675321
references.citation: Parasit Vectors. 2008 Oct 20;1(1):39
references.pmid: 18937857
references.citation: Parasit Vectors. 2012 Jan 03;5:2
references.pmid: 22214421
references.citation: J Clin Microbiol. 1993 Jul;31(7):1866-9
references.pmid: 8349765
references.citation: Parasit Vectors. 2014 Mar 31;7:145
references.pmid: 24685150
references.citation: J Infect Dis. 1993 Dec;168(6):1585-8
references.pmid: 8245552
references.citation: J Clin Microbiol. 1997 Dec;35(12):3313-5
references.pmid: 9399544
references.citation: Vet Parasitol. 2009 Jun 10;162(3-4):327-31
references.pmid: 19356855
references.citation: Genet Vaccines Ther. 2004 Dec 03;2(1):17
references.pmid: 15579202
references.citation: Vaccine. 2011 Nov 3;29(47):8619-23
references.pmid: 21939715
references.citation: Infect Immun. 1999 Dec;67(12):6358-63
references.pmid: 10569750
references.citation: J Immunol. 1988 Nov 15;141(10):3584-91
references.pmid: 3183382
references.citation: Parasit Vectors. 2013 Feb 11;6:34
references.pmid: 23398973
references.citation: Res Immunol. 1993 Jan;144(1):45-8
references.pmid: 8451518
references.citation: Int J Parasitol. 2000 Jan;30(1):69-75
references.pmid: 10675747
references.citation: J Immunol. 1980 Jun;124(6):2578-83
references.pmid: 7373040
references.citation: Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Xue Yu Ji Sheng Chong Bing Za Zhi. 2007 Apr 30;25(2):154-7
references.pmid: 17633831
references.citation: Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 1996 May;3(3):355-7
references.pmid: 8705683
references.citation: J Clin Microbiol. 2012 Apr;50(4):1452-4
references.pmid: 22259209
references.citation: J Protozool. 1990 Nov-Dec;37(6):540-5
references.pmid: 2128339
references.citation: Vet Parasitol. 2003 Apr 18;113(2):123-34
references.pmid: 12695037
references.citation: Protein Expr Purif. 2001 Oct;23(1):33-7
references.pmid: 11570843
references.citation: J Immunol. 2000 Mar 1;164(5):2629-34
references.pmid: 10679102
references.citation: Int J Parasitol. 2003 Feb;33(2):163-73
references.pmid: 12633654
references.citation: Parasit Vectors. 2012 Oct 18;5:237
references.pmid: 23078787
references.citation: Int J Parasitol. 2001 Oct;31(12):1285-92
references.pmid: 11566296
references.citation: J Immunol. 1991 Nov 15;147(10):3501-6
references.pmid: 1940350
references.citation: Immunity. 1995 Feb;2(2):129-35
references.pmid: 7895169
references.citation: Int J Parasitol. 1996 Feb;26(2):169-73
references.pmid: 8690540
references.citation: J Immunol. 1991 Nov 15;147(10):3496-500
references.pmid: 1940349
references.citation: Vaccine. 1998 Aug;16(13):1283-9
references.pmid: 9682392
references.citation: J Clin Microbiol. 2010 Oct;48(10):3698-702
references.pmid: 20660217
references.citation: Mol Cell Biol. 1995 Jan;15(1):87-93
references.pmid: 7799972
references.citation: Exp Parasitol. 2006 Sep;114(1):62-5
references.pmid: 16545806
references.citation: J Immunol. 2004 Aug 15;173(4):2725-35
references.pmid: 15294991
references.citation: Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2012 Mar;19(3):338-42
references.pmid: 22219311
references.citation: Parasit Vectors. 2013 Apr 05;6:85
references.pmid: 23561035
references.citation: Infect Immun. 2000 Sep;68(9):4948-53
references.pmid: 10948109
references.citation: Korean J Parasitol. 1996 Jun;34(2):135-41
references.pmid: 8925246
references.citation: J Vet Med Sci. 2009 Apr;71(4):471-5
references.pmid: 19420851
references.citation: Vaccine. 2002 May 15;20(16):2072-81
references.pmid: 11972976
references.citation: Exp Parasitol. 2009 Oct;123(2):199-202
references.pmid: 19567250
references.citation: J Clin Microbiol. 2006 Jun;44(6):2133-40
references.pmid: 16757610
references.citation: Annu Rev Immunol. 1994;12:635-73
references.pmid: 7912089
references.citation: Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2009 Jul;64(3):261-6
references.pmid: 19359122
references.citation: J Clin Microbiol. 1990 Oct;28(10):2297-301
references.pmid: 2229355
references.citation: J Biotechnol. 1998 Dec 11;66(2-3):137-46
references.pmid: 9866865
references.citation: Parasit Vectors. 2011 Dec 23;4:240
references.pmid: 22196032