title: "Pushed" stent intubation for treatment of complex congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the success rate of pushed stent intubation in children with complex congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO).
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective study was performed in a single academic center. Forty-four eyes with complex CNLDO were treated with pushed stent intubation. Outcome measures included clinical signs plus a parental history of residual symptoms at 6 months after surgery. Relative risk with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for outcomes was reported.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean follow-up after surgery was 9.0 months (range 6.5-13 months). Complete resolution was achieved in 26 of 44 eyes (59.1%; 95% CI 43.3%-73.3%) after pushed stent. Sex (odds ratio [OR] 2.9; 95% CI 0.4-18.9), age (OR 0.9; 95% CI 0.5-1.5), previous history of probing (OR 1.1; 95% CI 0.1-8.1), and presence of mucopurulent discharge (OR 1.1; 95% CI 0.1-7.8) did not have significant impact on the failure rate in all subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with complex CNLDO, treatment with a pushed stent intubation alleviated the clinical signs and symptoms of CNLDO. Pushed stent has the advantage of reduced operating time and easy placement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran - Iran.
authors.forename: Bahram
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Eshraghi
authors.forename: Amirhossein
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aghajani
authors.forename: Abulfazl
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kasaei
authors.forename: Zia
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tabatabaei
authors.forename: Mohammadreza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akbari
authors.forename: Masoud Aghsaei
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Fard
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007440:Intubation / Q000379:methods; D007767:Lacrimal Duct Obstruction / Q000151:congenital / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D009301:Nasolacrimal Duct; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015607:Stents; D016896:Treatment Outcome