title: A novel xyloglucan film-based biosensor for toxicity assessment of ricin in castor seed meal.
abstract: Oil from the seed of the castor plant (Ricinus communis L.) is an important commodity for a number of industries, ranging from pharmaceuticals to renewable energy resources. However, the seed and subsequent seed meal contain ricin (RCA60), a potent cytotoxin, making it an unusable product for animal feed. In order to investigate the efficiency of reducing the toxicity of the seed meal, a biosensor is proposed by exploring the lectin-carbohydrate binding. A gold electrode was assembled with a film of Xyloglucan (XG) extracted from Hymenaea courbaril L. The analytical response to RCA60 was obtained using a polyclonal antibody against RCA60 conjugated to peroxidase. The current responses were generated by reaction with H2O2 and amplified with hydroquinone as chemical mediator. Voltammetric studies showed that the XG film was tightly bound to the gold electrode. This biosensor allows discriminate lectins in native and denatured forms. The limit of detection of native RCA60 was 2.1 μg mL(-1). This proposed biosensor showed to be a potential and accurate method for toxicity assessment of the ricin in castor seed meal by simple polysaccharide film-electrode strategy.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego 1235, 50670-901 Recife-PE, Brazil; Embrapa Tropical Agroindustry, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil.
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Furtado
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, State University of Ceara, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil.
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Fortaleza University, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil.
authors.forename: A C O
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Moreira
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Fortaleza University, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil.
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Azevedo
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego 1235, 50670-901 Recife-PE, Brazil.
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Dutra
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000906:Antibodies / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D004566:Electrodes; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D005936:Glucans / Q000737:chemistry*; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000737:chemistry; D012276:Ricin / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology; D012278:Ricinus; D012639:Seeds; D014990:Xylans / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D005936:Glucans; D014990:Xylans; C029353:xyloglucan; D006046:Gold; D012276:Ricin; D009195:Peroxidase