title: The "histone mimicry" by pathogens.
abstract: One of the defining characteristics of human and animal viruses is their ability to suppress host antiviral responses. Viruses express proteins that impair the detection of viral nucleic acids by host pattern-recognition receptors, block signaling pathways that lead to the synthesis of type I interferons and other cytokines, or prevent the activation of virus-induced genes. We have identified a novel mechanism of virus-mediated suppression of antiviral gene expression that relies on the presence of histone-like sequences (histone mimics) in viral proteins. We describe how viral histone mimics can interfere with key regulators of gene expression and contribute to the suppression of antiviral responses. We also describe how viral histone mimics can facilitate the identification of novel mechanisms of antiviral gene regulation and lead to the development of drugs that use histone mimicry for interference with gene expression during diseases.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immune Cell Epigenetics and Signaling, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065.
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Schaefer
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immune Cell Epigenetics and Signaling, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065 Laboratory of Methyltransferases in Development and Disease, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Singapore 138673.
authors.forename: Jessica S Y
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.affiliation: Epinova DPU, Immuno-Inflammation Therapy Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Rab K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Prinjha
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immune Cell Epigenetics and Signaling, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065 tarakho@mail.rockefeller.edu.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tarakhovsky
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*; D014780:Viruses
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D006657:Histones; C085820:INS1 protein, influenza virus; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins; D014764:Viral Proteins
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