title: Single-specialty management and reconstruction of necrotizing fasciitis of the upper extremities: clinical and economic benefits from a case series.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients with necrotizing fasciitis are managed with multiple prompt, radical surgical debridements and critical care support. Debridement and reconstruction are often provided by different surgical teams. Anecdotally, single-specialty management seemed to be a more efficient management strategy. This study aimed to investigate and compare the outcomes of management by plastic surgery versus multiple disciplines through a retrospective economic and clinical analysis of patients with necrotizing fasciitis treated over 8 years. We also present 3 index cases for which our service functioned as the primary management team.
  
  
  METHODS
  Necrotizing fasciitis cases evaluated and treated by our department, covering both Level I and Level II Trauma Centers, were reviewed for total charges, length of hospital stay, length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay, and number of procedures. The admission Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score was calculated for each patient. Three comparative index cases of upper extremity necrotizing fasciitis managed primarily by the plastic surgery team are presented in greater detail.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients managed primarily by the plastic surgery service had equivalent Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores to patients managed by multiple services for their necrotizing fasciitis, with the average score higher for patients managed by plastic surgery alone. In a case-matched series of upper extremity necrotizing fasciitis, the patients admitted directly to plastic surgery had shorter average lengths of hospital and ICU stays as well as decreased total number of procedures, resulting in decreased average total hospital charges. There were no amputations among the cases treated primarily by the plastic surgery. The patients also required smaller areas of reconstruction with skin grafting despite large initial areas of debridement compared to those whose reconstructive teams differed from the team performing the debridement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Improved economic and clinical outcomes-as indicated by the reduced lengths of overall and ICU stay, the reduced number of procedures, none of the cases requiring amputation, and the reduced need for skin grafting-may be attainable when the surgeon eventually performing the reconstruction is involved early in management. We propose that, in the interest of improving patient care, a closer collaboration should be established between the reconstructive and primary managing teams.
authors.affiliation: From the *School of Medicine, Loma Linda University; and †Department of Plastic Surgery, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA.
authors.forename: Gennaya
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mattison
authors.forename: Amber R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Leis
authors.forename: Subhas C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Gupta
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003646:Debridement / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D019115:Fasciitis, Necrotizing / Q000191:economics / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D017722:Hospital Charges; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D016555:Matched-Pair Analysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D010346:Patient Care Management / Q000379:methods* / Q000458:organization & administration; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013518:Surgery, Plastic / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods* / Q000458:organization & administration; D014193:Trauma Centers / Q000191:economics; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000601:surgery*