title: Treadmill exercise ameliorates short-term memory disturbance in scopolamine-induced amnesia rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Scopolamine is a nonselective muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist, which induces impairment of learning ability and memory function. Exercise is known to ameliorate brain disturbance induced by brain injuries. In the present study, we investigated the effect of treadmill exercise on short-term memory in relation to acetylcholinesterase (AChE) expression in the hippocampus, using a scopolamine-induced amnesia model in mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  To induce amnesia, 1 mg/kg scopolamine hydrobromide was administered intraperitoneally once per day for 14 days. A step-down avoidance test for short-term memory was conducted. AChE histochemistry, immunohistochemistry for collagen IV, and doublecortin were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Short-term memory deteriorated in the mice with scopolamine-induced amnesia, concomitant with enhanced AChE expression and suppression of angiogenesis in the hippocampus. Critically, treadmill exercise ameliorated short-term memory impairment, suppressed AChE expression, and enhanced angiogenesis in the mice with scopolamine-induced amnesia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overexpression of AChE is implicated in both brain and renal disease. The findings of our study indicate that treadmill exercise may be of therapeutic value in neurodegenerative and renal diseases by suppressing the effects of AChE expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yu-Mi
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Heo
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Mal-Soon
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Chang-Ju
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Bin
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Baek
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Khae-Hawn
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Sport & Health Science, College of Natural Science, Sangmyung University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Seung-Soo
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Baek
keywords: Acetylcholinesterase; Amnesia; Exercise test; Short-term memory
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