title: Relationship between appearance of tongue carcinoma on intraoral ultrasonography and histopathologic findings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To clarify whether intraoral ultrasonography (I-US) is effective for predicting metastasis of tongue cancer to the cervical lymph nodes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants comprised 29 patients with tongue carcinoma classified as T1-T4 using the TNM staging system. All patients underwent I-US preoperatively. Postoperatively, resected specimens were evaluated histopathologically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  I-US found that cases with invasive depth ≥3 mm had higher potential for cervical lymph node metastasis than those with invasive depth <3 mm (P < .05). No other significant relationships were identified between observations on I-US and cervical lymph node metastasis. Cases with histopathologic blood vessel infiltration or lymph duct infiltration had a significant difference in risk of cervical lymph node metastasis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  I-US is useful for preoperatively assessing the invasive depth of tongue carcinoma. Furthermore, observations from I-US and invasive depth of the tumor allowed presumptive diagnosis with regard to cervical lymph node metastasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan. Electronic address: zackey@jichi.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yasuhisa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shinozaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jinbu
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan.
authors.forename: Tadahide
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Noguchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan.
authors.forename: Mikio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kusama
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Komiyama
authors.affiliation: Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D014062:Tongue Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D014463:Ultrasonography