title: Increased risk of Parkinson's disease in patients with end-stage renal disease: a retrospective cohort study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies on dyskinesia and Parkinson's syndrome associated with chronic kidney disease or end-stage renal disease (ESRD) have been mainly limited to case reports or case series studies. This population-based study investigated the risk of Parkinson's disease in patients with ESRD.
  
  
  METHODS
  From a universal insurance claims database of Taiwan, we established a cohort of 8,325 adults with newly diagnosed ESRD from 1997 to 2010 without a history of Parkinson's disease. A control cohort of 33,382 insured subjects without a history of kidney disease or Parkinson's disease was also selected, with frequency matched for age, sex and index date of the patients with ESRD. Both cohorts were followed up until the end of 2010.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Parkinson's disease incidence was 1.55-fold higher in the cohort with ESRD than in the comparison cohort (48.8 vs. 31.7 per 10,000 person-years) with an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.73 (95% confidence interval, 1.39-2.15). Sex-specific and age-specific analysis showed a higher relative risk for women and younger patients with ESRD compared to the control cohort.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ESRD is significantly associated with an increased risk of Parkinson's disease. Close surveillance for Parkinson's disease should be considered for patients with ESRD.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University College of Medicine, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: I-Kuan
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Cheng-Li
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Yi-Ying
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Che-Yi
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: Shih-Yi
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Jiung-Hsiun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Tzung-Hai
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Yen
authors.forename: Chiu-Ching
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Fung-Chang
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Sung
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013624:Taiwan