title: Bioactivity of the crude polysaccharides from fermented soybean curd residue by Flammulina velutipes.
abstract: The solid-state fermentation, reusing soybean curd residue (SCR) as a solid substrate, was conducted for producing polysaccharides by Flammulina velutipes (F. velutipes). The optimal fermentation conditions were 74.5% of moisture content, 9.69 of inoculum size and 30.27 of C/N ratio by response surface methodology. 59.15 mg/g of polysaccharides were obtained. F. velutipes polysaccharides were subsequently extracted from fermented SCR by ultrasonic assisted extraction. The optimal extract conditions were 30 min, 80 °C, 150 W and 20 of water to solid ratio and 106.74 mg/g of polysaccharides were obtained. Furthermore, the antioxidant and the immunomodulatory activities of polysaccharides were assessed. The results showed that polysaccharides exhibited a strong DPPH radical scavenging activity, SOD-like activity, stimulatory the proliferation of the macrophage, the production of nitric oxide, phagocytosis and the protection on Doxorubicin damage. These could lay the foundation for changing SCR into a nutritious functional food or a food additive.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Yingnan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Di
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zhenya
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D055393:Flammulina / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D062610:Fungal Polysaccharides / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D045730:Soy Foods / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D062610:Fungal Polysaccharides; D009569:Nitric Oxide