title: Impact of perioperative blood pressure variability on health resource utilization after cardiac surgery: an analysis of the ECLIPSE trials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the impact of blood pressure control on hospital health resource utilization using data from the ECLIPSE trials.
  
  
  METHODS
  Post-hoc analysis of data from 3 prospective, open-label, randomized clinical trials (ECLIPSE trials).
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-one medical centers in the United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients 18 years or older undergoing cardiac surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clevidipine was compared with nitroglycerin, sodium nitroprusside, and nicardipine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ECLIPSE trials included 3 individual randomized open-label studies comparing clevidipine to nitroglycerin, sodium nitroprusside, and nicardipine. Blood pressure control was assessed as the integral of the cumulative area under the curve (AUC) outside specified systolic blood pressure ranges, such that lower AUC represents less variability. This analysis examined surgery duration, time to extubation, as well as intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital length of stay (LOS) in patients with AUC≤10 mmHg×min/h compared to patients with AUC>10 mmHg×min/h. One thousand four hundred ten patients were included for analysis; 736 patients (52%) had an AUC≤10 mmHg×min/h, and 674 (48%) had an AUC>10 mmHg×min/h. The duration of surgery and ICU LOS were similar between groups. Time to extubation and postoperative LOS were both significantly shorter (p = 0.05 and p<0.0001, respectively) in patients with AUC≤10. Multivariate analysis demonstrates AUC≤10 was significantly and independently associated with decreased time to extubation (hazard ratio 1.132, p = 0.0261) and postoperative LOS (hazard ratio 1.221, p = 0.0006).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on data derived from the ECLIPSE studies, increased perioperative BP variability is associated with delayed time to extubation and increased postoperative LOS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC. Electronic address: arons002@mc.duke.edu.
authors.forename: Solomon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aronson
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC.
authors.forename: Jerrold H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.
authors.forename: Philip D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Lumb
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fontes
authors.affiliation: The Medicines Company, Parsippany, NJ.
authors.forename: Yamei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: The Medicines Company, Parsippany, NJ.
authors.forename: Tracy A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Crothers
authors.affiliation: The Medicines Company, Parsippany, NJ.
authors.forename: Katherine A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Sulham
authors.affiliation: The Medicines Company, Parsippany, NJ.
authors.forename: Marco S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Navetta
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000191:economics*; D005260:Female; D006295:Health Resources / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D059035:Perioperative Period; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000191:economics*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
keywords: antihypertensive agents; health resources; hemostasis; perioperative hypertension; thoracic surgery