title: Unexpected difficult airway with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A critical aspect of safe general anesthesia is providing adequate ventilation and oxygenation. Failed endotracheal intubation and inadequate ventilation with insufficient oxygenation may lead to serious complications, even death. Anesthesiologists rarely encounter unexpected difficult airway problems in daily routine. Management of an unexpectedly difficult airway consists of laryngeal mask ventilation, gum-elastic bougie and video laryngoscopy-assisted intubation. Gum-elastic bougie is the easiest and cheapest tool used in case of an unexpected difficult intubation occurring in the operating room.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 53-year-old male patient with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism presented as an unexpected difficult intubation after the induction of anesthesia. No pathological finding or predictor of difficult intubation was present. In addition, bag-mask ventilation was poor and inadequate. The patient was finally successfully intubated with a gum-elastic bougie.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A difficult airway has been described in patients with a variety of endocrine disorders, including pituitary diseases, but not with hypogonadism. There may be an unrevealed relationship between hypogonadism and difficult airway. Gum-elastic bougie is still the most attainable and effective tool in the operation room in this situation.
authors.affiliation: Anesthesiology and Reanimation Department, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ferda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yaman
authors.affiliation: Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Department, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey.
authors.forename: Bengi
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Arslan
authors.affiliation: Urology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ercan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yuvanç
authors.affiliation: Anesthesiology and Reanimation Department, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey.
authors.forename: Unase
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Büyükkoçak
keywords: airway management; hypogonadism; intubation
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