title: L-alanine-induced germination in Bacillus licheniformis -the impact of native gerA sequences.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  L-alanine, acting through the GerA receptor, was recently found to be an efficient germinant in Bacillus licheniformis ATCC14580/DSM13.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, we show that several of 46 examined B. licheniformis strains germinate remarkably slower than the type strain when exposed to L-alanine. These strains are not necessarily closely related, as determined by MLST (multi-locus sequence typing). Three of the slow-germinating strains were further examined in order to see whether nucleotide substitutions in the gerA sequences were responsible for the slow L-alanine germination. This was performed by complementing the transformable type strain derivate MW3ΔgerAA with gerA variants from the three slow-germinating strains; NVH1032, NVH1112 and NVH800.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A wide selection of B. licheniformis strains was evaluated for L-alanine-induced germination efficiency. Our results show that gerA substitutions could only partially explain why spores of some B. licheniformis strains responded slower than others in the presence of L-alanine.
authors.forename: Elisabeth H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Madslien
authors.forename: Per Einar
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Granum
authors.forename: Janet M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Blatny
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P, O, Box 8146 Dep, N-0033 Oslo, Norway. Toril.Lindback@nmbu.no.
authors.forename: Toril
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lindbäck
mesh_terms: D000409:Alanine / Q000378:metabolism*; D001407:Bacillus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005816:Genetic Complementation Test; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D050505:Mutant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013171:Spores, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D050505:Mutant Proteins; D000409:Alanine
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