title: Bioaccumulation and biomagnification of emerging and classical flame retardants in bird eggs of 14 species from Doñana Natural Space and surrounding areas (South-western Spain).
abstract: The occurrence of classical (polybrominated diphenyl ethers, PBDEs) and emerging FRs (dechloranes, hexabromobenzene (HBB), pentabromoethyl benzene (PBEB) and decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE)) in unborn eggs of 14 different species from Doñana Natural Space and surrounding areas was studied. PBDEs, Dec-602, Dec-603 and DP were detected in all the species, whereas HBB, PBEB, DBDPE and Dec-604 were not detected in any sample. ΣPBDE and ΣDechlorane levels ranged from 1.40 to 90.7, and from 0.77 to 260 ng/g lw, respectively. BDE-209 was the most abundant BDE congener in almost all the species, whereas Dec-602 was the predominant among dechloranes. In general, levels of PBDEs and dechloranes were similar and even higher for dechloranes, probably indicating the increasing use of dechloranes as a result of legal restrictions on PBDEs. In both cases, the most contaminated specie was the white stork. Using stable isotope characterization, differences among species and possible biomagnification processes were also evaluated. PBDE levels increased as the trophic position increased, showing biomagnification capacity. The same behavior was observed for Dec-602 and Dec-603; however, DP levels were not linearly correlated with trophic level. These results show that more attention should be given to emerging FRs such as dechloranes since they show similar environmental behavior as PBDEs.
authors.affiliation: Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Barón
authors.affiliation: Natural Processes Monitoring Team, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), c/Américo Vespucio s/n, 41092 Seville, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Máñez
authors.affiliation: Natural Processes Monitoring Team, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), c/Américo Vespucio s/n, 41092 Seville, Spain.
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Andreu
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Biology, Doñana Biological Station (EBD-CSIC), Sevilla, Spain.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sergio
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Biology, Doñana Biological Station (EBD-CSIC), Sevilla, Spain.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hiraldo
authors.affiliation: Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: eeeqam@cid.csic.es.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Eljarrat
authors.affiliation: Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), H2O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Barceló
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D001717:Birds; D002247:Carbon Isotopes / Q000737:chemistry; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005411:Flame Retardants / Q000032:analysis*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers / Q000032:analysis; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000032:analysis; D007553:Isotope Labeling; D010063:Ovum / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D011083:Polycyclic Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D013030:Spain
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D005411:Flame Retardants; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D011083:Polycyclic Compounds; C556733:dechlorane 602; C556736:dechlorane 603; C010902:decabromobiphenyl ether
keywords: Biomagnification; Dechloranes; Isotope analysis; PBDEs