title: [Effect of autophagy inhibitor chloroquine on the proliferation of PASMCs induced by hypoxia].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the role of autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) in the proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) in hypoxia conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  The following groups in this study were set up: control group, hypoxia group, 50 micromol/L CQ + hypoxia group, 50 micromol/L CQ group. The viability of PASMCs in every group was detected by MTT assay. Autophagic vacuoles in the cells were observed by MDC staining. Protein expression of microtubule associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) was measured by Western blot. Migration of PASMCs was detected by wound healing assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with control group, no effect on the viability of PASMCs was observed treated by CQ alone. In 1% hypoxia group, cell viability increased significantly compared with that in control group. The number of autophagic vacuoles and the rate of cell migration and also protein expression of LC3-II were also markedly increased. Compared with hypoxia group, addition of CQ increased the number of autophagic vacuoles and the levels of LC3-II protein, but decreased the proliferation and migration of PASMCs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hypoxia could activates autophagy and contributes to proliferation and migration of PASMCs, and autophagy inhibitor CQ could decrease the effect of hypoxia on PASMCs through inhibiting autophagy process.
authors.forename: Huan-Mian
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Ran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: Yang-Ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Shentu
authors.forename: Xiao-Fang
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Yong-Sheng
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Hong-Yu
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xiao-Xia
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Kong
mesh_terms: D001343:Autophagy / Q000187:drug effects*; D015687:Cell Hypoxia; D002465:Cell Movement; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002738:Chloroquine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000187:drug effects*; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000166:cytology
chemical_list: C477012:MAP1LC3A protein, human; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D002738:Chloroquine