title: Antibacterial activity of essential oils, their blends and mixtures of their main constituents against some strains supporting livestock mastitis.
abstract: Ten of the most known and used commercial essential oils (Cinnamomum zeylanicum L., Citrus bergamia Risso, Eucalyptus globulus Labill., Foeniculum vulgare Mill., Origanum majorana L., Origanum vulgare L., Rosmarinus officinalis L., Satureja montana L., Thymus vulgaris L. ct. carvacrol, Thymus vulgaris L. ct. thymol) were tested against six bacteria strains Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus chromogenes, Staphylococcus sciuri, Staphylococcus warneri, Staphylococcus xylosus and Escherichia coli, responsible for mastitis in animals. The best results were achieved by S. montana, T. vulgaris ct. thymol and O. vulgare. Two binary mixtures of essential oils (EOs) were prepared of S. montana and T. vulgaris ct. thymol (ST) and of S. montana and O. vulgare (SO). The ST mixture exhibited the best inhibitory activity against all the tested bacterial strains. Two artificial mixtures of carvacrol/thymol (AB) and carvacrol/thymol/p-cymene (CD) were prepared and tested against all of the bacterial strains used. The results exhibited a general reduction of the inhibitory activity of mixture AB, although not reaching the inhibition of the ST and SO mixtures. However the mixture CD presented an apparent strong inhibition against S. aureus and S. sciuri. The EO mixtures and the mixture CD represent promising phytotherapic approaches against bacteria strains responsible for environmental mastitis.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca "Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy. Electronic address: filippo.fratini@virgilio.it.
authors.forename: Filippo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fratini
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Farmacia, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy. Electronic address: sergio.casella@ymail.com.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Casella
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Farmacia, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy. Electronic address: mikileonardi@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leonardi
authors.affiliation: Scuola CIMI-Koinè, Via Ugo Bassi 2, Roma, Italy. Electronic address: francesca.pisseri@vet.unipi.it.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pisseri
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca "Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy. Electronic address: vebani@vet.unipi.it.
authors.forename: Valentina Virginia
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Ebani
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-ambientali, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca "Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy. Electronic address: laura.pistelli@unipi.it.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pistelli
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Farmacia, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca "Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy. Electronic address: luisa.pistelli@farm.unipi.it.
authors.forename: Luisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pistelli
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000081007:Cymenes; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D019684:Magnoliopsida / Q000737:chemistry; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013210:Staphylococcus / Q000187:drug effects; D013943:Thymol / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000081007:Cymenes; D039821:Monoterpenes; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010938:Plant Oils; C007210:4-cymene; D013943:Thymol; C073316:carvacrol
keywords: Carvacrol; GC–MS analysis; Mastitis infection; Staphylococcus sp.; Thymol; p-Cymene