title: Extraglottic airway devices: A review.
abstract: Extraglottic airway devices (EAD) have become an integral part of anesthetic care since their introduction into clinical practice 25 years ago and have been used safely hundreds of millions of times, worldwide. They are an important first option for difficult ventilation during both in-hospital and out-of-hospital difficult airway management and can be utilized as a conduit for tracheal intubation either blindly or assisted by another technology (fiberoptic endoscopy, lightwand). Thus, the EAD may be the most versatile single airway technique in the airway management toolbox. However, despite their utility, knowledge regarding specific devices and the supporting data for their use is of paramount importance to patient's safety. In this review, number of commercially available EADs are discussed and the reported benefits and potential pitfalls are highlighted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.
authors.forename: Ramesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ramaiah
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, India.
authors.forename: Debasmita
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Das
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.
authors.forename: Sanjay M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Bhananker
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.
authors.forename: Aaron M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Joffe
keywords: Extraglottic airway devices; laryngeal mask airway; other extraglottic airway devices
references.citation: Anaesthesia. 2007 Dec;62(12):1281-4
references.pmid: 17991266
references.citation: Br J Anaesth. 1997 Dec;79(6):699-703
references.pmid: 9496198
references.citation: Br J Anaesth. 2008 Mar;100(3):415-7
references.pmid: 18230837
references.citation: J Clin Anesth. 1995 Jun;7(4):297-305
references.pmid: 7546756
references.citation: Anaesthesia. 2008 Feb;63(2):209-10
references.pmid: 18211462
references.citation: Anesth Analg. 2000 May;90(5):1220-2
references.pmid: 10781484
references.citation: J Clin Anesth. 2002 Jun;14(4):307-14
references.pmid: 12088818
references.citation: Anaesthesia. 1998 Oct;53(10):971-4
references.pmid: 9893541
references.citation: Anesthesiology. 2004 Aug;101(2):559
references.pmid: 15277956
references.citation: Anaesth Intensive Care. 2012 Nov;40(6):1023-7
references.pmid: 23194212
references.citation: Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. 2009 Jun;29(3):151-5
references.pmid: 20140161
references.citation: Anesthesiology. 2004 Jan;100(1):25-9
references.pmid: 14695720
references.citation: Anaesthesia. 2007 Jul;62(7):719-22
references.pmid: 17567349
references.citation: Br J Anaesth. 2002 Nov;89(5):729-32
references.pmid: 12393771
references.citation: Anaesthesia. 2005 Aug;60(8):791-6
references.pmid: 16029228
references.citation: Br J Anaesth. 1999 May;82(5):712-4
references.pmid: 10536548
references.citation: Acta Clin Croat. 2012 Sep;51(3):525-7
references.pmid: 23330426
references.citation: Can J Anaesth. 2008 Mar;55(3):177-85
references.pmid: 18310629
references.citation: Can J Anaesth. 2012 Jul;59(7):704-15
references.pmid: 22653838
references.citation: Anaesthesia. 1999 Dec;54(12):1161-5
references.pmid: 10594413
references.citation: Paediatr Anaesth. 2008 Apr;18(4):313-9
references.pmid: 18315637
references.citation: Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2009 Aug;53(7):852-7
references.pmid: 19426239
references.citation: Ann Fr Anesth Reanim. 2008 Apr;27(4):297-301
references.pmid: 18375094
references.citation: Anaesthesia. 2009 May;64(5):555-62
references.pmid: 19413827
references.citation: Anesth Analg. 2002 Jun;94(6):1671-2
references.pmid: 12032055
references.citation: Paediatr Anaesth. 2010 Sep;20(9):839-43
references.pmid: 20716076
references.citation: Anaesthesia. 2002 Nov;57(11):1140-1
references.pmid: 12392468
references.citation: Anaesthesia. 1993 Jan;48(1):58-60
references.pmid: 8434750
references.citation: Anaesth Intensive Care. 2002 Oct;30(5):624-7
references.pmid: 12413264
references.citation: Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2011 Mar;28(3):181-6
references.pmid: 21192270
references.citation: Anesth Analg. 2003 Feb;96(2):618-21, table of contents
references.pmid: 12538222
references.citation: Anaesth Intensive Care. 2009 Jan;37(1):85-92
references.pmid: 19157352
references.citation: Anesthesiology. 2001 Nov;95(5):1175-81
references.pmid: 11684987
references.citation: Anesth Analg. 2004 Nov;99(5):1553-1559
references.pmid: 15502064
references.citation: Med J Malaysia. 2011 Oct;66(4):304-7
references.pmid: 22299547
references.citation: Can J Anaesth. 1995 Nov;42(11):1017-23
references.pmid: 8590490
references.citation: Can J Anaesth. 2000 Jul;47(7):622-6
references.pmid: 10930200
references.citation: Anaesthesia. 2007 Apr;62(4):385-7
references.pmid: 17381576
references.citation: Anesthesiology. 2003 Aug;99(2):252-8
references.pmid: 12883396
references.citation: Anaesth Intensive Care. 2005 Dec;33(6):756-61
references.pmid: 16398381
references.citation: Resuscitation. 1994 Oct;28(2):93-5
references.pmid: 7846378
references.citation: Anesth Analg. 2007 Jan;104(1):102-5
references.pmid: 17179252
references.citation: J Pak Med Assoc. 2007 Dec;57(12):607-11
references.pmid: 18173045
references.citation: Anaesthesia. 2011 Mar;66(3):185-90
references.pmid: 21320087
references.citation: Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther. 2002 Dec;37(12):727-33
references.pmid: 12469285
references.citation: AANA J. 2000 Oct;68(5):411-4
references.pmid: 11759125
references.citation: Anesth Analg. 2004 Jun;98(6):1816-1817
references.pmid: 15155365
references.citation: Br J Anaesth. 1999 Feb;82(2):286-7
references.pmid: 10365012
references.citation: Anesth Analg. 2012 Feb;114(2):349-68
references.pmid: 22178627
references.citation: Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2009 Mar;53(3):376-9
references.pmid: 19243322
references.citation: Anesth Analg. 1995 May;80(5):980-4
references.pmid: 7726443
references.citation: Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2007 Feb;24(2):134-40
references.pmid: 16895620
references.citation: Paediatr Anaesth. 2001 May;11(3):319-21
references.pmid: 11359590
references.citation: Anaesthesia. 2011 Aug;66(8):726-37
references.pmid: 21707562
references.citation: Br J Anaesth. 2000 Jan;84(1):103-5
references.pmid: 10740558
references.citation: Can J Anaesth. 1995 Jan;42(1):32-6
references.pmid: 7534216
references.citation: Anaesthesia. 2012 Sep;67(9):986-90
references.pmid: 22686571
references.citation: Anaesthesia. 2012 Jun;67(6):640-5
references.pmid: 22563956
references.citation: Can J Anaesth. 2013 Jun;60(6):557-63
references.pmid: 23519724
references.citation: Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2005 May;22(5):341-6
references.pmid: 15918381
references.citation: Br J Anaesth. 1998 Aug;81(2):186-7
references.pmid: 9813520
references.citation: J Trauma. 1999 May;46(5):927-32
references.pmid: 10338414
references.citation: Anaesthesia. 2008 Jan;63(1):82-5
references.pmid: 18086075
references.citation: Can J Anaesth. 2002 May;49(5):528-9
references.pmid: 11983678
references.citation: Anaesthesia. 1999 Jun;54(6):546-51
references.pmid: 10403867
references.citation: Anesthesiology. 1997 May;86(5):1041-5
references.pmid: 9158352
references.citation: Anesth Analg. 2002 Jun;94(6):1656-8, table of contents
references.pmid: 12032047
references.citation: Br J Anaesth. 2000 May;84(5):650-4
references.pmid: 10844848
references.citation: Br J Anaesth. 2009 Feb;102(2):264-8
references.pmid: 19151051
references.citation: Minerva Anestesiol. 2012 Oct;78(10):1169-70
references.pmid: 23059523
references.citation: Anesthesiology. 1993 Jul;79(1):144-63
references.pmid: 8192732
references.citation: Anesth Analg. 2001 Nov;93(5):1354-7, table of contents
references.pmid: 11682429
references.citation: Br J Anaesth. 1994 Oct;73(4):543-4
references.pmid: 7999500
references.citation: Saudi J Anaesth. 2012 Jul;6(3):224-8
references.pmid: 23162394
references.citation: Anesth Analg. 2008 Feb;106(2):445-8, table of contents
references.pmid: 18227299
references.citation: Anaesthesia. 2007 Apr;62(4):381-4
references.pmid: 17381575
references.citation: Br J Anaesth. 2002 Feb;88(2):296-7
references.pmid: 11878665
references.citation: Anesth Analg. 2002 Sep;95(3):770-6, table of contents
references.pmid: 12198070