title: Bisphenol A, 4-tert-octylphenol, and 4-nonylphenol in the Gulf of Gdańsk (Southern Baltic).
abstract: The organic derivatives of phenol are classed as dangerous compounds, and their presence has been detected in surface water, bottom water, phytoplankton, zooplankton, and mussel as well as liver and muscle of fish from the Gulf of Gdańsk and in liver, muscle, and guano of gulls residing in the coastal zone of this basin. The greatest sources of bisphenol A (BPA), 4-tert-octylphenol (OP), and 4-nonylphenol (NP) were found to be the Vistula River and the water purification plant in Dębogórze. In living organisms, concentrations of BPA, OP, and NP ranged between the limit of quantification and several hundred ng g(-1) dry weight (dw), and the highest concentrations were found for BPA. Prolonged alimentary exposure to BPA, OP, and NP in fish and birds was indicated by liver/muscle concentration ratios generally >1. The most influential factors on BPA and alkylphenol concentrations in the tissues of fishes and gulls were mainly diet and habitat. The study confirmed possible bioaccumulation in the food web. High BPA and NP concentrations in guano (≤2,700 and ≤300 ng g(-1) dw, respectively) indicated the ability of birds to detoxify and signalled the reintroduction of these compounds to seawater. Herring, flounder, and cod from the Southern Baltic are a safe food source for human consumption because their BPA and alkylphenol contents are low.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, Al. Marszałka Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378, Gdynia, Poland, marta.staniszewska@ug.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Staniszewska
authors.forename: Lucyna
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Falkowska
authors.forename: Paweł
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Grabowski
authors.forename: Justyna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kwaśniak
authors.forename: Stella
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mudrak-Cegiołka
authors.forename: Andrzej R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Reindl
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sokołowski
authors.forename: Emilia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Szumiło
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zgrundo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000378:metabolism; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005399:Fishes / Q000378:metabolism; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D010636:Phenols; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C041594:4-nonylphenol; C105260:4-tert-octylphenol; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
references.citation: Environ Pollut. 1993;79(3):243-8
references.pmid: 15091885
references.citation: Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 1999 Oct;30(2 Pt 1):81-95
references.pmid: 10536104
references.citation: Chemosphere. 2002 Oct;49(1):97-103
references.pmid: 12243336
references.citation: Chemosphere. 2006 Mar;63(1):31-8
references.pmid: 16213551
references.citation: Sensors (Basel). 2008 Jul 10;8(7):4095-4109
references.pmid: 27879924
references.citation: Chemosphere. 2011 Jan;82(3):405-10
references.pmid: 20971495
references.citation: Chemosphere. 2011 Feb;82(7):1044-9
references.pmid: 21075420
references.citation: Arch Toxicol. 2001 Dec;75(10):597-603
references.pmid: 11808920
references.citation: J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2006 Jan 18;830(2):322-9
references.pmid: 16330262
references.citation: Mar Pollut Bull. 2008;57(6-12):365-72
references.pmid: 18396299
references.citation: Environ Sci Technol. 2003 Jan 15;37(2):321-7
references.pmid: 12564904
references.citation: Toxicology. 2006 Jan 16;217(2-3):81-90
references.pmid: 16288945
references.citation: Toxicology. 2006 Sep 21;226(2-3):79-89
references.pmid: 16860916
references.citation: Environ Res. 2007 Oct;105(2):276-84
references.pmid: 17599825
references.citation: Chemosphere. 2006 Jun;63(11):1870-8
references.pmid: 16330072
references.citation: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003 Dec 12;312(2):441-8
references.pmid: 14637157
references.citation: Chemosphere. 1998 Apr;36(10):2149-73
references.pmid: 9566294
references.citation: J Environ Sci (China). 2010;22(11):1735-40
references.pmid: 21235161
references.citation: Environ Pollut. 1990;64(2):107-20
references.pmid: 15092296
references.citation: Chemosphere. 2007 Jun;68(4):662-70
references.pmid: 17397904
references.citation: Chemosphere. 2001 Sep;44(8):1697-702
references.pmid: 11534901
references.citation: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004 Dec 10;325(2):549-54
references.pmid: 15530427
references.citation: Water Air Soil Pollut. 2013 May;224(5):1549
references.pmid: 23687395
references.citation: Chemosphere. 2009 Aug;76(6):847-52
references.pmid: 19409598
references.citation: Environ Sci Technol. 2005 Jul 1;39(13):4801-7
references.pmid: 16053077
references.citation: Science. 2005 Jul 15;309(5733):445
references.pmid: 16020729
references.citation: J Environ Manage. 2012 Aug 15;104:19-34
references.pmid: 22481365