title: A nuclear-encoded chloroplast protein harboring a single CRM domain plays an important role in the Arabidopsis growth and stress response.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although several chloroplast RNA splicing and ribosome maturation (CRM) domain-containing proteins have been characterized for intron splicing and rRNA processing during chloroplast gene expression, the functional role of a majority of CRM domain proteins in plant growth and development as well as chloroplast RNA metabolism remains largely unknown. Here, we characterized the developmental and stress response roles of a nuclear-encoded chloroplast protein harboring a single CRM domain (At4g39040), designated CFM4, in Arabidopsis thaliana.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analysis of CFM4-GFP fusion proteins revealed that CFM4 is localized to chloroplasts. The loss-of-function T-DNA insertion mutants for CFM4 (cfm4) displayed retarded growth and delayed senescence, suggesting that CFM4 plays a role in growth and development of plants under normal growth conditions. In addition, cfm4 mutants showed retarded seed germination and seedling growth under stress conditions. No alteration in the splicing patterns of intron-containing chloroplast genes was observed in the mutant plants, but the processing of 16S and 4.5S rRNAs was abnormal in the mutant plants. Importantly, CFM4 was determined to possess RNA chaperone activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that the chloroplast-targeted CFM4, one of two Arabidopsis genes encoding a single CRM domain-containing protein, harbors RNA chaperone activity and plays a role in the Arabidopsis growth and stress response by affecting rRNA processing in chloroplasts.
authors.forename: Kwanuk
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hwa Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Dong Hyun
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Young
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.forename: Hyun-Sook
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Pai
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Korea. hskang@chonnam.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Hunseung
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kang
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism*; D060365:Chloroplast Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D002736:Chloroplasts / Q000235:genetics; D005816:Genetic Complementation Test; D018832:Molecular Chaperones / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D010641:Phenotype; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D012323:RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional / Q000235:genetics; D012326:RNA Splicing / Q000235:genetics; D018747:RNA, Chloroplast / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; C000593363:CFM4 protein, Arabidopsis; D060365:Chloroplast Proteins; D018832:Molecular Chaperones; D018747:RNA, Chloroplast; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins
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