title: Numerical Modeling Calcium and CaMKII Effects in the SA Node.
abstract: Sinoatrial node (SAN) is the primary heart pacemaker which initiates each heartbeat under normal conditions. Numerous experimental data have demonstrated that Ca(2+-) and CaMKII-dependent processes are crucially important for regulation of SAN cells. However, specific mechanisms of this regulation and their relative contribution to pacemaker function remain mainly unknown. Our review summarizes available data and existing numerical modeling approaches to understand Ca(2+) and CaMKII effects on the SAN. Data interpretation and future directions to address the problem are given within the coupled-clock theory, i.e., a modern view on the cardiac pacemaker cell function generated by a system of sarcolemmal and intracellular proteins.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging - National Institutes of Health Baltimore, MD, USA ; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Yael
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yaniv
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging - National Institutes of Health Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Victor A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Maltsev
keywords: CaMKII; calcium; cardiac pacemaker; ion channels; numerical modeling; sinoatrial node
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