title: The dynamic role of genetics on cortical patterning during childhood and adolescence.
abstract: Longitudinal imaging and quantitative genetic studies have both provided important insights into the nature of human brain development. In the present study we combine these modalities to obtain dynamic anatomical maps of the genetic contributions to cortical thickness through childhood and adolescence. A total of 1,748 anatomic MRI scans from 792 healthy twins and siblings were studied with up to eight time points per subject. Using genetically informative latent growth curve modeling of 81,924 measures of cortical thickness, changes in the genetic contributions to cortical development could be visualized across the age range at high resolution. There was highly statistically significant (P < 0.0001) genetic variance throughout the majority of the cerebral cortex, with the regions of highest heritability including the most evolutionarily novel regions of the brain. Dynamic modeling of changes in heritability over time demonstrated that the heritability of cortical thickness increases gradually throughout late childhood and adolescence, with sequential emergence of three large regions of high heritability in the temporal poles, the inferior parietal lobes, and the superior and dorsolateral frontal cortices.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.
authors.forename: J Eric
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Schmitt
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Neale
authors.forename: Bilqis
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fassassi
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Perez
authors.forename: Rhoshel K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Lenroot
authors.forename: Elizabeth M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Wells
authors.forename: Jay N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Giedd
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D019521:Body Patterning / Q000235:genetics*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000254:growth & development*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000254:growth & development; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D059906:Neuroimaging; D009929:Organ Size / Q000235:genetics; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000254:growth & development; D011446:Prospective Studies; D035781:Siblings; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000254:growth & development; D014429:Twins, Dizygotic / Q000235:genetics; D014430:Twins, Monozygotic / Q000235:genetics; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: neurodevelopment; twin research
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