title: Quantitative determination of carmine in foods by high-performance liquid chromatography.
abstract: A simple and rapid method has been developed and validated for the determination of carmine in foods. Samples were homogenised and extracted with 0.05 M NaOH, followed by centrifugation. The resulting solution was filtered and injected to HPLC. Carmine was separated by HPLC using an NovaPak C18 column coupled to a photodiode array detector. The contents of carmine were finally quantified using corresponding calibration curves over ranges of 1.0-100 μg ml(-1), with good correlation coefficients (r(2)=0.9999). The recoveries of carmine from foods spiked at levels of 10, 50, and 100 μg g(-1) which ranged from 90.4% to 96.2% with relative standard deviations between 2.8% and 6.8%. Limit of detection and limit of quantification of carmine were 0.4 and 1.0 μg ml(-1), respectively. This method was found to be useful to distinguish carmine from carminic acid, a major component of cochineal extract. The method has been successfully applied to various foods.
authors.affiliation: Food Additives and Packages Division, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, 187 Osong, Chungcheongbuk-do 363-951, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ho-Soo
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Food Additives and Packages Division, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, 187 Osong, Chungcheongbuk-do 363-951, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Chon
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Food Additives and Packages Division, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, 187 Osong, Chungcheongbuk-do 363-951, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sung-Bong
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Food Additives and Packages Division, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, 187 Osong, Chungcheongbuk-do 363-951, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: meehkim@korea.kr.
authors.forename: Meehye
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D002138:Calibration; D002329:Carmine / Q000032:analysis*; D002498:Centrifugation; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000032:analysis; D005502:Food; D005503:Food Additives / Q000032:analysis*; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D057230:Limit of Detection; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D005503:Food Additives; D012997:Solvents; D002329:Carmine
keywords: Carmine; Carminic acid; Cochineal extract; HPLC