title: Effect of silver nanoparticles on rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. KDML 105) seed germination and seedling growth.
abstract: With the advances in nanotechnology, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been applied in many industries, increasing their potential exposure level in the environment, yet their environmental safety remains poorly evaluated. The possible effects of different sized AgNPs (20, 30-60, 70-120 and 150nm diameter) on jasmine rice, Oryza sativa L. cv. KDML 105, were investigated at different concentrations (0.1, 1, 10, 100 and 1000mg/L) upon seed germination and seedling growth. The results revealed that the level of seed germination and subsequent growth of those seedlings that germinated were both decreased with increasing sizes and concentrations of AgNPs. Based on the analysis of AgNPs accumulation in plant tissues, it implied that the higher uptake was found when the seeds were treated with the smaller AgNPs, 20nm diameter AgNPs, but it was trapped in the roots rather than transported to the leaves. These resulted in the less negative effects on seedling growth, when compared to the seed soaking with the larger AgNPs with 150nm diameter. The negative effects of AgNPs were supported by leaf cell deformation when rice seeds were treated with 150-nm-diameter AgNP at the concentration of 10 or 100mg/L during seed germination. These results further strengthen our understanding of environmental safety information with respect to nanomaterials.
authors.affiliation: Nanoscience and Technology Program, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
authors.forename: Pakvirun
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thuesombat
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
authors.forename: Supot
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hannongbua
authors.affiliation: Center of Excellence in Environment and Plant Physiology, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
authors.forename: Sanong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akasit
authors.affiliation: Center of Excellence in Environment and Plant Physiology, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. Electronic address: s_chadchawan@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Supachitra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chadchawan
mesh_terms: D018525:Germination / Q000187:drug effects; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity*; D012275:Oryza / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D059828:Plant Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects; D036226:Seedlings / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D012639:Seeds / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D012834:Silver / Q000633:toxicity*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D012989:Soil Pollutants; D012834:Silver
keywords: Nanotoxicology; Rice; Silver nanoparticle