title: The harm of male-on-female rape: a response to David Benatar.
abstract: This article attacks David Benatar's claim made in his 2012 book, The Second Sexism: Discrimination Against Men and Boys, that when an individual is the victim of violence it does not matter whether his or her perpetrator is of the same or a different sex. By exploring two related yet distinct phenomena, well documented in the empirical psychological literature, that I call "shattering" and "fragmentation," I argue that when a woman is raped, it does matter that her rapist is male, given that her situation as a woman under patriarchy is partly constitutive of the harm that she suffers.
authors.affiliation: Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa l.kelland@ru.ac.za.
authors.forename: Lindsay
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kelland
mesh_terms: D019548:Crime Victims / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011902:Rape / Q000523:psychology*; D012649:Self Concept
keywords: fragmentation; harm; lived experience; rape; shattering