title: Influence of surgical and prosthetic techniques on marginal bone loss around titanium implants. Part I: immediate loading in fresh extraction sockets.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Delayed placement of implant abutments has been associated with peri-implant marginal bone loss; however, long-term results obtained by modifying surgical and prosthetic techniques after implant placement are still lacking. This study aimed to evaluate the marginal bone loss around titanium implants placed in fresh extraction sockets using two loading protocols after a 5-year follow-up period.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 36 patients received 40 titanium implants (Astra Tech) intended for single-tooth replacement. Implants were immediately placed into fresh extraction sockets using either a one-stage (immediate loading by placing an interim prosthesis into functional occlusion) or a two-stage prosthetic loading protocol (insertion of abutments after 8 weeks of healing time). Marginal bone levels relative to the implant reference point were evaluated at four time intervals using intraoral radiographs: at time of implant placement, and 1, 3, and 5 years after implant placement. Measurements were obtained from mesial and distal surfaces of each implant (α = 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  One-stage immediate implant placement into fresh extraction sockets resulted in a significant reduction in marginal bone loss (p < 0.002) compared to the traditional two-stage technique. Whereas mesial surfaces remained stable for the 5-year observation period, significant marginal bone loss was observed on distal surfaces of implants after cementation of interim prostheses (p < 0.007) and after 12 months (p < 0.034).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within the limitations of this study, immediate loading of implants placed into fresh extraction sockets reduced marginal bone loss and did not compromise the success rate of the restorations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Antoine N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Berberi
authors.forename: Georges E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Tehini
authors.forename: Ziad F
authors.initials: ZF
authors.lastname: Noujeim
authors.forename: Alexandre A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Khairallah
authors.forename: Moustafa N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Abousehlib
authors.forename: Ziad A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Salameh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D002484:Cementation / Q000379:methods; D003442:Crowns; D000044:Dental Abutments; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods; D019250:Dental Implants, Single-Tooth; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D019094:Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; D003794:Dental Restoration, Temporary / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D057893:Immediate Dental Implant Loading / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D016300:Radiography, Bitewing / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D014081:Tooth Extraction / Q000379:methods; D020390:Tooth Socket / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D003764:Dental Materials; D014025:Titanium
keywords: Marginal bone loss; immediate loading; radiological evaluation; titanium implant