title: Practical application of DNA markers for high-throughput authentication of Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolius from commercial ginseng products.
abstract: Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng) and American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) are widely used medicinal plants with similar morphology but different medicinal efficacy. Roots, flowers, and processed products of Korean and American ginseng can be difficult to differentiate from each other, leading to illegal trade in which one species is sold as the other. This study was carried out to develop convenient and reliable chloroplast genome-derived DNA markers for authentication of Korean and American ginseng in commercial processed products. One codominant marker could reproducibly identify both species and intentional mixtures of the two species. We further developed a set of species-unique dominant DNA markers. Each species-specific dominant marker could detect 1% cross contamination with other species by low resolution agarose gel electrophoresis or quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Both markers were successfully applied to evaluate the original species from various processed ginseng products purchased from markets in Korea and China. We believe that high-throughput application of this marker system will eradicate illegal trade and promote confident marketing for both species to increase the value of Korean as well as American ginseng in Korea and worldwide.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Juyeon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung Hee
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Kiwoung
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyong-Hwan
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Bang
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Tae-Jin
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Yang
keywords: Panax ginseng; Panax quinquefolius; authentication; chloroplast intergenic spacer DNA marker; processed ginseng products
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