title: Perceived peer drinking norms and responsible drinking in UK university settings.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Heavy drinking is common among students at UK universities. US students overestimate how much their peers drink and correcting this through the use of social norm messages may promote responsible drinking.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We tested whether there is an association between perceived campus drinking norms and usual drinking behavior in UK university students and whether norm messages about responsible drinking correct normative misperceptions and increase students' intentions to drink responsibly.
  
  
  METHODS
  1,020 UK university students took part in an online study. Participants were exposed to one of five message types: a descriptive norm, an injunctive norm, a descriptive and injunctive norm, or one of two control messages. Message credibility was assessed. Afterwards participants completed measures of intentions to drink responsibly and we measured usual drinking habits and perceptions of peer drinking.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Perceptions of peer drinking were associated modestly with usual drinking behavior, whereby participants who believed other students drank responsibly also drank responsibly. Norm messages changed normative perceptions, but not in the target population of participants who underestimated responsible drinking in their peers at baseline. Norm messages did not increase intentions to drink responsibly and although based on accurate data, norm messages were not seen as credible.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this UK based study, although perceived social norms about peer drinking were associated with individual differences in drinking habits, campus wide norm messages about responsible drinking did not affect students' intentions to drink more responsibly. More research is required to determine if this approach can be applied to UK settings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Sciences, The UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Christiansen
authors.forename: Matt
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Field
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D033182:Intention; D008297:Male; D010379:Peer Group; D012925:Social Conformity; D012931:Social Environment; D066262:Social Norms; D012938:Social Perception; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology; D014495:Universities; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: alcohol use; drinking intentions; peer misperceptions; problem drinking; social norms