title: IL-10 function, regulation, and in bacterial keratitis.
abstract: The immune system protects the host from pathogenic microbes, but tight regulation of the evoked response is requisite to limit bystander damage. The interleukin (IL)-10 family of cytokines, composed of 9 members: IL-10, IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, IL-24, IL-26, and 3 distantly related members, IL-28A, IL-28B, and IL-29, plays a central role in this regulation. IL-10 family cytokines emerged before the adaptive immune response and elicit diverse host defense mechanisms, especially from epithelial cells during an infection. IL-10 family cytokines are also essential for maintenance and integrity of tissue epithelial layers. These cytokines promote innate immune responses from tissue epithelia that limit the damage caused by both viral and bacterial infections. They also facilitate tissue healing after infection/inflammation. In this regard, IL-10 suppresses pro-inflammatory responses, limiting tissue disruption resulting from an inflammatory response. Thus, a central functional theme of IL-10 family cytokines is their role in tissue protection. This review focuses on IL-10, the founding member of this family of cytokines, and integrates recent data on the function and regulation of IL-10 during bacterial infections. Emphasis is placed on the role of IL-10 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis and the subsequent infectious/inflammatory processes evoked.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, Michigan.
authors.forename: Linda D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Hazlett
authors.forename: Xiaoyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Sharon A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: McClellan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D015818:Eye Infections, Bacterial / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000502:physiology*; D007634:Keratitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011552:Pseudomonas Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; C508609:IL10 protein, human; D016753:Interleukin-10; D020123:Sirolimus
references.citation: Eur J Immunol. 2008 Nov;38(11):2981-92
references.pmid: 18924132
references.citation: Eur J Immunol. 2006 Dec;36(12):3248-55
references.pmid: 17111348
references.citation: J Neuroimmunol. 2001 Mar 1;114(1-2):131-41
references.pmid: 11240024
references.citation: J Exp Med. 1991 Nov 1;174(5):1209-20
references.pmid: 1940799
references.citation: Exp Eye Res. 2003 May;76(5):521-42
references.pmid: 12697417
references.citation: Lancet. 1998 Jul 11;352(9122):113
references.pmid: 9672280
references.citation: Biochem Soc Trans. 2009 Feb;37(Pt 1):217-22
references.pmid: 19143635
references.citation: Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2005 Apr;230(4):271-80
references.pmid: 15792949
references.citation: Med Microbiol Immunol. 2012 Feb;201(1):37-46
references.pmid: 21567173
references.citation: Infect Immun. 1998 Nov;66(11):5224-31
references.pmid: 9784526
references.citation: J Exp Med. 1989 Dec 1;170(6):2081-95
references.pmid: 2531194
references.citation: Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2011 Mar;22(3):94-102
references.pmid: 21269838
references.citation: J Immunol. 2000 Jul 1;165(1):182-91
references.pmid: 10861051
references.citation: J Leukoc Biol. 2008 Feb;83(2):314-24
references.pmid: 18029396
references.citation: Immunity. 2005 Apr;22(4):507-17
references.pmid: 15845454
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2002 Dec 13;277(50):48122-9
references.pmid: 12359728
references.citation: J Exp Med. 2006 Oct 30;203(11):2461-72
references.pmid: 17030951
references.citation: Ann Neurol. 1999 Jun;45(6):695-703
references.pmid: 10360761
references.citation: Circ Res. 2010 May 28;106(10):1559-69
references.pmid: 20508200
references.citation: J Immunol. 2004 Apr 15;172(8):4733-43
references.pmid: 15067049
references.citation: Immunity. 2009 Nov 20;31(5):761-71
references.pmid: 19913447
references.citation: J Leukoc Biol. 2012 May;91(5):685-99
references.pmid: 22416259
references.citation: J Immunol. 2003 May 15;170(10):5219-27
references.pmid: 12734370
references.citation: Nat Immunol. 2001 Aug;2(8):725-31
references.pmid: 11477409
references.citation: Nat Immunol. 2003 Sep;4(9):823-4
references.pmid: 12942080
references.citation: J Exp Med. 2003 Jan 6;197(1):7-17
references.pmid: 12515809
references.citation: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2007 Feb;48(2):797-807
references.pmid: 17251480
references.citation: Lancet Infect Dis. 2006 Sep;6(9):557-69
references.pmid: 16931407
references.citation: Nat Rev Immunol. 2012 Apr 20;12(5):325-38
references.pmid: 22517423
references.citation: J Immunol. 2006 Dec 1;177(11):7551-8
references.pmid: 17114424
references.citation: Nat Rev Immunol. 2009 May;9(5):324-37
references.pmid: 19390566
references.citation: J Pathol. 2008 Jan;214(2):224-30
references.pmid: 18161757
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Oct 15;99(21):13571-6
references.pmid: 12271141
references.citation: Cell Res. 2007 Aug;17(8):666-81
references.pmid: 17680028
references.citation: J Immunol. 2013 Jun 1;190(11):5649-58
references.pmid: 23626014
references.citation: Cell Metab. 2008 Jun;7(6):485-95
references.pmid: 18522830
references.citation: J Immunol. 1996 Jul 15;157(2):798-805
references.pmid: 8752931
references.citation: Cell Metab. 2006 Jul;4(1):13-24
references.pmid: 16814729
references.citation: Nat Rev Immunol. 2011 Oct 14;11(11):723-37
references.pmid: 21997792
references.citation: Mol Cell. 2010 Jul 30;39(2):171-83
references.pmid: 20670887
references.citation: J Immunol. 2007 Jun 1;178(11):6705-9
references.pmid: 17513714
references.citation: J Immunol. 2004 Sep 1;173(5):3392-7
references.pmid: 15322203
references.citation: Am J Transplant. 2009 Dec;9(12):2655-61
references.pmid: 19788500
references.citation: Nat Med. 2006 Nov;12(11):1301-9
references.pmid: 17041596
references.citation: Eye Contact Lens. 2007 Jan;33(1):45-9
references.pmid: 17224678
references.citation: Nat Immunol. 2004 Apr;5(4):373-9
references.pmid: 15004556
references.citation: Immunity. 2008 Oct 17;29(4):565-77
references.pmid: 18848473
references.citation: Immunity. 2010 May 28;32(5):593-604
references.pmid: 20510870
references.citation: Trends Immunol. 2002 Nov;23(11):549-55
references.pmid: 12401408
references.citation: Annu Rev Immunol. 2001;19:683-765
references.pmid: 11244051
references.citation: Cell. 1993 Oct 22;75(2):263-74
references.pmid: 8402911
references.citation: J Immunol. 1991 Dec 1;147(11):3815-22
references.pmid: 1940369
references.citation: Nat Immunol. 2001 Sep;2(9):816-22
references.pmid: 11526392
references.citation: Infect Immun. 1999 Sep;67(9):4435-42
references.pmid: 10456884
references.citation: Prog Retin Eye Res. 2004 Jan;23(1):1-30
references.pmid: 14766315
references.citation: Cell. 2003 Mar 7;112(5):645-57
references.pmid: 12628185
references.citation: Nature. 2007 Jun 28;447(7148):1116-20
references.pmid: 17515919
references.citation: Cornea. 2012 Oct;31(10):1176-88
references.pmid: 22722806
references.citation: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2008 Apr;49(4):1502-11
references.pmid: 18385069
references.citation: Nat Rev Immunol. 2007 Jun;7(6):425-8
references.pmid: 17525751
references.citation: Nat Rev Immunol. 2005 Apr;5(4):271-83
references.pmid: 15775993
references.citation: J Immunol. 2001 Jun 1;166(11):6861-8
references.pmid: 11359846
references.citation: Scand J Rheumatol. 1998;27(2):142-5
references.pmid: 9572641
references.citation: J Exp Med. 2007 Feb 19;204(2):239-43
references.pmid: 17296790
references.citation: J Exp Med. 2002 Jan 21;195(2):221-31
references.pmid: 11805149
references.citation: Nat Med. 2009 Apr;15(4):425-35
references.pmid: 19270709
references.citation: J Clin Invest. 2012 Mar;122(3):787-95
references.pmid: 22378047
references.citation: Nat Rev Immunol. 2005 Jun;5(6):446-58
references.pmid: 15928677
references.citation: Transplantation. 2006 May 15;81(9):1234-48
references.pmid: 16699448
references.citation: Cornea. 2001 Apr;20(3):290-4
references.pmid: 11322418
references.citation: Nature. 2007 Oct 18;449(7164):819-26
references.pmid: 17943118
references.citation: Arthritis Rheum. 1999 Jun;42(6):1101-8
references.pmid: 10366102
references.citation: J Immunol. 2008 Sep 15;181(6):3733-9
references.pmid: 18768823
references.citation: Immunol Rev. 2008 Dec;226:219-33
references.pmid: 19161427
references.citation: Nat Med. 2004 Aug;10(8):801-5
references.pmid: 15286781
references.citation: J Immunol. 2003 Nov 15;171(10):4984-9
references.pmid: 14607893
references.citation: Mol Immunol. 2009 Jul;46(11-12):2249-55
references.pmid: 19447494
references.citation: Eur J Immunol. 2005 May;35(5):1567-75
references.pmid: 15832292
references.citation: J Immunol. 2001 Mar 15;166(6):3915-22
references.pmid: 11238636
references.citation: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1998 Sep 29;856:69-75
references.pmid: 9917866
references.citation: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2000 Mar;41(3):805-10
references.pmid: 10711697
references.citation: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2014 Apr 09;55(4):2180-90
references.pmid: 24618323
references.citation: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2008 Oct;49(10):4458-67
references.pmid: 18566468
references.citation: J Immunol. 2004 Mar 15;172(6):3712-8
references.pmid: 15004175
references.citation: Science. 1990 Jun 8;248(4960):1230-4
references.pmid: 2161559
references.citation: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2002 Jul;43(7):2278-84
references.pmid: 12091428
references.citation: J Immunol. 2002 Oct 1;169(7):3652-60
references.pmid: 12244157
references.citation: Immunol Rev. 2006 Aug;212:28-50
references.pmid: 16903904