title: Clarifying the roles of homeostasis and allostasis in physiological regulation.
abstract: Homeostasis, the dominant explanatory framework for physiological regulation, has undergone significant revision in recent years, with contemporary models differing significantly from the original formulation. Allostasis, an alternative view of physiological regulation, goes beyond its homeostatic roots, offering novel insights relevant to our understanding and treatment of several chronic health conditions. Despite growing enthusiasm for allostasis, the concept remains diffuse, due in part to ambiguity as to how the term is understood and used, impeding meaningful translational and clinical research on allostasis. Here, we provide a more focused understanding of homeostasis and allostasis by explaining how both play a role in physiological regulation, and a critical analysis of regulation suggests how homeostasis and allostasis can be distinguished. Rather than focusing on changes in the value of a regulated variable (e.g., body temperature, body adiposity, or reward), research investigating the activity and relationship among the multiple regulatory loops that influence the value of these regulated variables may be the key to distinguishing homeostasis and allostasis. The mechanisms underlying physiological regulation and dysregulation are likely to have important implications for health and disease.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Oral Health Sciences, Orthodontics, and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Washington.
authors.forename: Douglas S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Ramsay
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati Medical Center.
authors.forename: Stephen C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Woods
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology; D052636:Allostasis / Q000502:physiology*; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D025461:Feedback, Physiological / Q000502:physiology; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology; D009765:Obesity / Q000503:physiopathology; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology
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