title: Effects of 12 weeks high-intensity & reduced-volume training in elite athletes.
abstract: It was investigated if high-intensity interval training (HIT) at the expense of total training volume improves performance, maximal oxygen uptake and swimming economy. 41 elite swimmers were randomly allocated to a control (CON) or HIT group. For 12 weeks both groups trained ∼12 h per week. HIT comprised ∼5 h vs. 1 h and total distance was ∼17 km vs. 35 km per week for HIT and CON, respectively. HIT was performed as 6-10×10-30 s maximal effort interspersed by 2-4 minutes of rest. Performance of 100 m all-out freestyle and 200 m freestyle was similar before and after the intervention in both HIT (60.4±4.0 vs. 60.3±4.0 s; n = 13 and 133.2±6.4 vs. 132.6±7.7 s; n = 14) and CON (60.2±3.7 vs. 60.6±3.8 s; n = 15 and 133.5±7.0 vs. 133.3±7.6 s; n = 15). Maximal oxygen uptake during swimming was similar before and after the intervention in both the HIT (4.0±0.9 vs. 3.8±1.0 l O2×min-1; n = 14) and CON (3.8±0.7 vs. 3.8±0.7 l O2×min-1; n = 11) group. Oxygen uptake determined at fixed submaximal speed was not significantly affected in either group by the intervention. Body fat % tended to increase (P = 0.09) in the HIT group (15.4±1.6% vs. 16.3±1.6%; P = 0.09; n = 16) and increased (P<0.05) in the CON group (13.9±1.5% vs. 14.9±1.5%; n = 17). A distance reduction of 50% and a more than doubled HIT amount for 12 weeks did neither improve nor compromise performance or physiological capacity in elite swimmers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sport, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kilen
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sport, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Tanja Hultengren
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Larsson
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sport, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Majke
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jørgensen
authors.affiliation: Team Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Johansen
authors.affiliation: Team Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jørgensen
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sport, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Nikolai B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Nordsborg
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D056352:Athletes; D054874:Athletic Performance; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis; D001823:Body Composition; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D013177:Sports / Q000502:physiology*; D013550:Swimming; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D019344:Lactic Acid
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