title: The Kenya AIDS Indicator Survey 2012: rationale, methods, description of participants, and response rates.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cross-sectional population-based surveys are essential surveillance tools for tracking changes in HIV epidemics. In 2007, Kenya implemented the first AIDS Indicator Survey [Kenya AIDS Indicator Survey (KAIS) 2007)], a nationally representative, population-based survey that collected demographic and behavioral data and blood specimens from individuals aged 15-64 years. Kenya's second AIDS Indicator Survey (KAIS 2012) was conducted to monitor changes in the epidemic, evaluate HIV prevention, care, and treatment initiatives, and plan for an efficient and effective response to the HIV epidemic.
  
  
  METHODS
  KAIS 2012 was a cross-sectional 2-stage cluster sampling design, household-based HIV serologic survey that collected information on households as well as demographic and behavioral data from Kenyans aged 18 months to 64 years. Participants also provided blood samples for HIV serology and other related tests at the National HIV Reference Laboratory.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 9300 households sampled, 9189 (98.8%) were eligible for the survey. Of the eligible households, 8035 (87.4%) completed household-level questionnaires. Of 16,383 eligible individuals aged 15-64 years and emancipated minors aged less than 15 years in these households, 13,720 (83.7%) completed interviews; 11,626 (84.7%) of the interviewees provided a blood specimen. Of 6302 eligible children aged 18 months to 14 years, 4340 (68.9%) provided a blood specimen. Of the 2094 eligible children aged 10-14 years, 1661 (79.3%) completed interviews.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  KAIS 2012 provided representative data to inform a strategic response to the HIV epidemic in the country.
authors.affiliation: *Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; †Division of Global HIV/AIDS, Center for Global Health, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya; ‡National AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya; §Kenya National Bureau of Statistics, Ministry of Planning, Nairobi, Kenya; ‖National Council for Population and Development, Ministry of Planning and National Development, Nairobi, Kenya; and ¶National Public Health Laboratory Services, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya.
authors.forename: Wanjiru
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Waruiru
authors.forename: Andrea A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Davies O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Kimanga
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ng'ang'a
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schwarcz
authors.forename: Lucy
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kimondo
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ng'ang'a
authors.forename: Mamo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Umuro
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mwangi
authors.forename: James K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Ojwang'
authors.forename: William K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Maina
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003376:Counseling; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D006306:Health Surveys / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D007630:Kenya / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
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