title: [Comparison of body temperatures in children measured using 3 different thermometers: tympanic, skin and digital axillary].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare body temperature measurements using tympanic, skin and digital axillary thermometers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hospitalized or outpatient children from the General Hospital Celaya, ISSSTE Hospital Clinic and General Hospital No. 4 IMSS, and the pediatric private service in Celaya, Guanajuato, from 1 day of life until 16 years old, were recruited over a one month period, after their parents signed the consent form. The order of each institution was selected by simple randomization. Body temperatures were measured in triplicate using tympanic, skin and digital axillary thermometers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sample consisted of 554 children. The Pearson r between the tympanic and digital axillary thermometers was 0.57 to 0.65, with a positive linear relationship (P<.05); between the skin and the digital axillary thermometers, it was between 0.47 and 0.52 with a positive linearrelationship (P<.05). The intra-observer Kappa for the tympanic thermometer was 0.86, and for the inter-observer was 0.77; for the skin thermometer it was 0.82 and 0.67, respectively, and for the digital axillary thermometer it was 0.86 for intra-observer reliability and 0.78 for inter -observer reliability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tympanic and axillary thermometers showed better precision in measuring the body temperature in children than skin thermometers.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Enfermería y Obstetricia, División de Ciencias de la Salud e Ingenierías, Campus Celaya Salvatierra, Universidad de Guanajuato, México. Electronic address: raygosan@ygto.mx.
authors.forename: Nicolás
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Padilla-Raygoza
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Enfermería Clínica, División de Ciencias de la Salud e Ingenierías, Campus Celaya Salvatierra, Universidad de Guanajuato, México.
authors.forename: M Laura
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Paloalto
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Enfermería y Obstetricia, División de Ciencias de la Salud e Ingenierías, Campus Celaya Salvatierra, Universidad de Guanajuato, México.
authors.forename: Rosalina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Díaz-Guerrero
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Enfermería y Obstetricia, División de Ciencias de la Salud e Ingenierías, Campus Celaya Salvatierra, Universidad de Guanajuato, México.
authors.forename: Georgina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Olvera-Villanueva
authors.affiliation: Jefatura de Investigación y Enseñanza, Hospital General Celaya, Secretaría de Salud del Estado de Guanajuato, México.
authors.forename: Angélica
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maldonado
authors.affiliation: Jefatura de Educación e Investigación en Salud, Hospital General de Zona 4, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Celaya, Guanajuato, México.
authors.forename: María Del Pilar
authors.initials: Mdel P
authors.lastname: Raygoza-Mendoza
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001365:Axilla; D001831:Body Temperature; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004432:Ear, Middle; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012867:Skin; D013821:Thermometers
keywords: Children; Fever; Fiebre; Niños; Termómetro; Thermometer