title: Atomistic autophagy: the structures of cellular self-digestion.
abstract: Autophagy is directed by numerous distinct autophagy-related (Atg) proteins. These transmit starvation-induced signals to lipids and regulatory proteins and assemble a double-membrane autophagosome sequestering bulk cytoplasm and/or selected cargos destined for degradation upon autophagosome fusion with a vacuole or lysosome. This Review discusses the structural mechanisms by which Atg proteins sense membrane curvature, mediate a PI(3)P-signaling cascade, and utilize autophagy-specific ubiquitin-like protein cascades to tether proteins to autophagosomal membranes. Recent elucidation of molecular interactions enabling vesicle nucleation, elongation, and cargo recruitment provides insights into how dynamic protein-protein and protein-membrane interactions may dictate size, shape, and contents of autophagosomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Electronic address: jimhurley@berkeley.edu.
authors.forename: James H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Hurley
authors.affiliation: Department of Structural Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA. Electronic address: brenda.schulman@stjude.org.
authors.forename: Brenda A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Schulman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001343:Autophagy; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D010588:Phagosomes / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D008565:Membrane Proteins
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