title: Three-dimensional regional strain computation method with displacement encoding with stimulated echoes (DENSE) in non-ischemic, non-valvular dilated cardiomyopathy patients and healthy subjects validated by tagged MRI.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Fast cine displacement encoding with stimulated echoes (DENSE) MR has higher spatial resolution and enables rapid postprocessing. Thus we compared the accuracy of regional strains computation by DENSE with tagged MR in healthy and non-ischemic, non-valvular dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Validation of three-dimensional regional strains computed with DENSE was conducted in reference to standard tagged MRI (TMRI) in healthy subjects and patients with DCM. Additional repeatability studies in healthy subjects were conducted to increase confidence in DENSE. A meshfree multiquadrics radial point interpolation method (RPIM) was used for computing Lagrange strains in sixteen left ventricular segments. Bland-Altman analysis and Student's t-tests were conducted to observe similarities in regional strains between sequences and in DENSE repeatability studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Regional circumferential strains ranged from -0.21 ± 0.07 (Lateral-Apex) to -0.11 ± 0.05 (Posterorseptal-Base) in healthy subjects and -0.15 ± 0.04 (Anterior-Apex) to -0.02 ± 0.08 (Posterorseptal-Base) in DCM patients. Computed mean differences in regional circumferential strain from the DENSE-TMRI comparison study was 0.01 ± 0.03 (95% limits of agreement) in normal subjects, -0.01 ± 0.06 in DCM patients and 0.0 ± 0.02 in repeatability studies, with similar agreements in longitudinal and radial strains.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found agreement between DENSE and tagged MR in patients and volunteers in terms of evaluation of regional strains.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery School of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri, USA.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kar
authors.forename: Andrew K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Knutsen
authors.forename: Brian P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Cupps
authors.forename: Xiaodong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: Michael K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Pasque
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D002311:Cardiomyopathy, Dilated / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D019028:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D059629:Signal-To-Noise Ratio
keywords: Bland-Altman analysis; Lagrange strain; displacement encoding with stimulated echoes (DENSE); multiquadrics; radial point interpolation method (RPIM); tagged MRI
references.citation: Lancet. 1986 Feb 8;1(8476):307-10
references.pmid: 2868172
references.citation: Radiology. 1989 Jun;171(3):841-5
references.pmid: 2717762
references.citation: Circulation. 1994 Aug;90(2):854-67
references.pmid: 8044957
references.citation: Circulation. 1997 Jul 15;96(2):535-41
references.pmid: 9244222
references.citation: J Magn Reson Imaging. 2010 Apr;31(4):854-62
references.pmid: 20373429
references.citation: J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2000;2(1):57-66
references.pmid: 11545108
references.citation: J Magn Reson. 1999 Mar;137(1):247-52
references.pmid: 10053155
references.citation: JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2009 May;2(5):648-55
references.pmid: 19442954
references.citation: IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 2007 Jan;26(1):15-30
references.pmid: 17243581
references.citation: J Surg Res. 2007 Aug;141(2):277-83
references.pmid: 17574584
references.citation: Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2010 Jun;10(6):953-7
references.pmid: 20233804
references.citation: Radiology. 2000 Feb;214(2):453-66
references.pmid: 10671594
references.citation: J Physiol. 2008 Oct 1;586(19):4721-33
references.pmid: 18687717
references.citation: J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2009 Dec 21;11:55
references.pmid: 20025732
references.citation: Circ J. 2007 May;71(5):661-8
references.pmid: 17456988
references.citation: Proc IEEE Int Symp Biomed Imaging. 2009 Jun 28;2009:458-461
references.pmid: 20559463
references.citation: Am J Physiol. 1996 Jan;270(1 Pt 2):H281-97
references.pmid: 8769763
references.citation: Magn Reson Med. 2010 Oct;64(4):1089-97
references.pmid: 20574967
references.citation: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2009 Sep;297(3):H1151-62
references.pmid: 19561315
references.citation: JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2008 May;1(3):366-76
references.pmid: 19356451
references.citation: Magn Reson Med. 1999 Dec;42(6):1048-60
references.pmid: 10571926
references.citation: Cardiovasc Res. 2001 Feb 1;49(2):308-18
references.pmid: 11164841
references.citation: J Magn Reson Imaging. 2008 May;27(5):1019-27
references.pmid: 18425823
references.citation: J Heart Lung Transplant. 2009 Apr;28(4):388-94
references.pmid: 19332267
references.citation: J Magn Reson Imaging. 2006 Dec;24(6):1432-8
references.pmid: 17096392
references.citation: Radiology. 2004 Mar;230(3):862-71
references.pmid: 14739307
references.citation: Magn Reson Med. 2003 Apr;49(4):722-30
references.pmid: 12652544
references.citation: J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2011 Dec 30;13:83
references.pmid: 22208954
references.citation: J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2008 May 27;10:26
references.pmid: 18505572
references.citation: Magn Reson Med. 2012 Jun;67(6):1590-9
references.pmid: 22135133
references.citation: Phys Med Biol. 1999 Dec;44(12):N261-4
references.pmid: 10616158
references.citation: Ann Biomed Eng. 2014 Mar;42(3):541-54
references.pmid: 24150239