title: Effects of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy is used in inflammatory diseases but the use of immunoglobulin as a treatment for acute lung injury (ALI) has not been previously studied. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of of ALI. Therefore we examined the levels of TGF-β and lung inflammation scores in IVIG treated ALI models.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intratracheal lipopolysacccharide was given to rats. Groups 1 and 3 received saline, whereas group 2 received IVIG. 24h later saline was given to groups 1 and 2 and IVIG to group 3. Blood samples and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids were obtained from each group and sacrificed for pathological evaluation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BAL TGF-β levels of groups 2 and 3 on day 30, were lower compared to their levels of day 2 (p=0.01, p=0.01). BAL TGF-β levels of groups 2 and 3 were lower than the levels of group 1 on day 30 (p=0.002, p=0.001). Pathological examination revealed that the inflammation scores of groups 2 and 3 on day 30, were lower than the scores of day 2 (p=0.02, p=0.01). Inflammation scores of group 2 were lower than group 1 on day 30 (p=0.02). Moderate fibrosis was seen in half of the rats from group 1 and one rat from group 2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High-dose IVIG decreased lung inflammation scores and BAL TGF-β1 levels and this therapy would give even better results if it is given earlier.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey. Electronic address: seoygucu@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Seyhan Erisir
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Oygucu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey. Electronic address: iremhicrang@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Irem Hicran
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Ozbudak
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey. Electronic address: barisakc@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Abdullah Barıs
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Akcan
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey. Electronic address: mesutcoskun@akdeniz.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Mesut
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Coskun
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, School of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey. Electronic address: denizeozel@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Deniz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ozel
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey. Electronic address: gulayozbilim@akdeniz.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Gulay
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ozbilim
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey. Electronic address: nihaloygur@akdeniz.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Nihal
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Oygur
mesh_terms: D055371:Acute Lung Injury / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000818:Animals; D005355:Fibrosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta
keywords: Acute lung injury; Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β); İmmunoglobulin; İnflammation