title: Ammonia volatilization losses from paddy fields under controlled irrigation with different drainage treatments.
abstract: The effect of controlled drainage (CD) on ammonia volatilization (AV) losses from paddy fields under controlled irrigation (CI) was investigated by managing water table control levels using a lysimeter. Three drainage treatments were implemented, namely, controlled water table depth 1 (CWT1), controlled water table depth 2 (CWT2), and controlled water table depth 3 (CWT3). As the water table control levels increased, irrigation water volumes in the CI paddy fields decreased. AV losses from paddy fields reduced due to the increases in water table control levels. Seasonal AV losses from CWT1, CWT2, and CWT3 were 59.8, 56.7, and 53.0 kg N ha(-1), respectively. AV losses from CWT3 were 13.1% and 8.4% lower than those from CWT1 and CWT2, respectively. A significant difference in the seasonal AV losses was confirmed between CWT1 and CWT3. Less weekly AV losses followed by TF and PF were also observed as the water table control levels increased. The application of CD by increasing water table control levels to a suitable level could effectively reduce irrigation water volumes and AV losses from CI paddy fields. The combination of CI and CD may be a feasible water management method of reducing AV losses from paddy fields.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
authors.forename: Yupu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
authors.forename: Shihong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
authors.forename: Junzeng
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1467-7883
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Kunshan Water Conservancy Engineering Supervision of Quality and Safety and Water Conservancy Technology Extending Station, Kunshan 215300, China.
authors.forename: Yijiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
authors.forename: Shizhang
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1530-8329
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Peng
mesh_terms: D057914:Agricultural Irrigation / Q000379:methods*; D000641:Ammonia / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002681:China; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005740:Gases / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D060587:Groundwater / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D005740:Gases; D012987:Soil; D000641:Ammonia
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