title: Long-term effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in unilateral tinnitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the long-term effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) delivered to the temporoparietal junction and compared contralateral and ipsilateral application in patients with unilateral tinnitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 61 patients with asymmetric hearing loss and nonpulsatile chronic tinnitus localized to the poorer ear who were refractory to medical treatment were enrolled. Patients were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups: 1-Hz stimulation applied to the temporoparietal junction either ipsilaterally (n = 30) or contralaterally (n = 31) to the symptomatic ear. Changes in the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) scores and self-rating visual analog scores (VAS) for loudness, awareness, and annoyance were analyzed before and after treatment for 6 months. Improved patients were defined as those with decreases in their THI scores by >10 points and 20%.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no major complications or worsening of hearing. When analyzing the THI scores and VAS pre-rTMS and 6 months after rTMS, significant decreases were observed in patients overall (P < .001). For the comparison of long-term outcomes between the ipsilateral and contralateral stimulation groups, there were no differences in the degree of decrease in THI scores or VAS (P > .05). In addition, there was no significant difference in the rate of patients who improved between the ipsilateral (14 of 30) and contralateral (16 of 31) stimulation groups (P = .800). The ipsilateral group showed a more rapid improvement than the contralateral group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Daily application of 1-Hz rTMS to the temporoparietal area is safe and has long-term beneficial effects. The laterality of stimulation is not the decisive factor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Deog Y
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hyo I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hee S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Nam S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Sim
authors.forename: In S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Moon
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D034381:Hearing Loss / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D014012:Tinnitus / Q000628:therapy*; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation / Q000379:methods
keywords: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation; contralateral; ipsilateral; tinnitus