title: Contraceptive use among HIV-positive women in Enugu, southeast Nigeria.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence and pattern of, and factors associated with, contraceptive usage among HIV-positive women in Enugu, southeastern Nigeria.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study, 400 consecutive HIV-positive, sexually active women receiving care at the adult HIV clinics of 2 tertiary health institutions in Enugu were interviewed using pre-tested questionnaires between March and August 2012. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was carried out via Epi Info.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rate of contraceptive use was 73.1%; 26.9% (n=91) of women were not using modern contraceptives. Male condoms were the most frequent contraception used (78.1%, n=193), but 48.2% of women reported inconsistent use. The proportion of women using a dual-contraceptive method was 25.1%; none used the female condom. Having a regular sexual partner was significantly associated with use of modern contraception (odds ratio, 73.00; 95% confidence interval, 34.13-156.13; P<0.001). Misconception and fear of adverse effects were the most common reasons for not using contraception.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A considerable proportion of HIV-positive women in Enugu who did not desire to achieve pregnancy in the following 2 years (26.9%) had an unmet need for contraception. The use of contraception prevents unintended pregnancy and subsequent mother-to-child transmission of HIV and should be promoted in the region.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Nigeria. Electronic address: ezugwueuzebus@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Euzebus C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Ezugwu
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Peter O
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Nkwo
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Polycap U
authors.initials: PU
authors.lastname: Agu
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Emmanuel O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Ugwu
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Augustine O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Asogwa
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003268:Contraception Behavior / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009549:Nigeria; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Contraception; Enugu; Family planning; HIV-positive women; Nigeria