title: Ultrastructural features of the benthic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata (Dinophyceae).
abstract: The toxic benthic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata has considerably expanded its distribution range in the last decade, posing risks to human health. Several aspects of this species are still poorly known. We studied ultrastructural features of cultivated and natural populations of Ostreopsis cf. ovata from the Gulf of Naples (Mediterranean Sea) using confocal laser scanning, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. New information on the morphology and location of several sulcal plates was gained and a new plate designation is suggested that better fits the one applied to other Gonyaulacales. The microtubular component of the cytoskeleton, revealed using an anti-β-tubulin antibody, consisted of a cortical layer of microtubules arranged asymmetrically in the episome and in the hyposome, complemented by a complex inner microtubular system running from the sulcal area towards the internal part of the cell. The conspicuous canal was delimited by two thick, burin-shaped lobes ending in a tubular ventral opening. The canal was surrounded by mucocysts discharging their content into it. A similar structure has been reported in other benthic and planktonic dinoflagellates and may be interpreted as an example of convergent evolution in species producing large amounts of mucus.
authors.affiliation: Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy. Electronic address: laura.escalera@szn.it.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Escalera
authors.affiliation: Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Benvenuto
authors.affiliation: Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Eleonora
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Scalco
authors.affiliation: Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zingone
authors.affiliation: Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Montresor
mesh_terms: D059001:Aquatic Organisms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D004141:Dinoflagellida / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D008522:Mediterranean Sea; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D008870:Microtubules / Q000378:metabolism; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015800:Protozoan Proteins
keywords: Benthic dinoflagellate; Ostreopsis cf. ovata; confocal laser scanning microscopy; microtubular cytoskeleton; mucus canal; ultrastructure.