title: Development of optical probes for in vivo imaging of polarized macrophages during foreign body reactions.
abstract: Plasticity of macrophage (MΦ) phenotypes exist in a spectrum from classically activated (M1) cells, to alternatively activated (M2) cells, contributing to both the normal healing of tissues and the pathogenesis of implant failure. Here, folate- and mannose-based optical probes were fabricated to simultaneously determine the degree of MΦ polarization. In vitro tests show the ability of these probes to specifically target M1 and M2 cells. In an in vivo murine model, they were able to distinguish between the M1-dominated inflammatory response to infection and the M2-dominated regenerative response to particle implants. Finally, the probes were used to assess the inflammatory/regenerative properties of biomaterial implants. Our results show that these probes can be used to monitor and quantify the dynamic processes of MΦ polarization and their role in cellular responses in real time.
authors.affiliation: Bioengineering Department, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019-0138.
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.affiliation: Bioengineering Department, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019-0138.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Bioengineering Department, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019-0138.
authors.forename: Yi-Ting
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: Bioengineering Department, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019-0138.
authors.forename: Kaitlen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Patty
authors.affiliation: Bioengineering Department, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019-0138.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Weng
authors.affiliation: Bioengineering Department, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019-0138.
authors.forename: Ewin N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Bioengineering Department, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019-0138.
authors.forename: Ashwin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.affiliation: Progenitec Inc., Arlington, TX 76001-0138.
authors.forename: Wen-Jing
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Bioengineering Department, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019-0138.|Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Liping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D005549:Foreign-Body Reaction / Q000473:pathology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology*; D051379:Mice; D015335:Molecular Probes; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
chemical_list: D015335:Molecular Probes
keywords: Biomaterials; In vivo imaging; Inflammation; Macrophage polarization; Optical probe
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