title: [Effect of acetamide on histopathology in cerebral cortex of rats with tetramine poisoning].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To observe the effect of different doses of acetamide on the histopathology in the cerebral cortex of rats with tetramine (TET) poisoning and to provide a basis for the treatment of fluoroacetamide poisoning with acetamide.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty clean Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: saline control group,dimethylsulfoxide water solution control group,TET poisoning group, acetamide (2.88 g/kg/d) treatment group, and acetamide (5.68 g/kg/d) treatment group, with 16 rats in each group. Rats in the poisoning group and treatment groups were poisoned with TET by intragastric administration after fasting; then, saline was injected intramuscularly into rats of the poisoning group, and different doses of acetamide were injected intramuscularly into rats of treatment groups; the course of treatment was 5 d. At 3 h, 12 h, 48 h, and 7 d after treatment, the cerebral cortex was harvested from rats in each group, and the histopathological changes in the cerebral cortex were evaluated under light and electron microscopes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The light microscopy showed that the TET poisoning group had hypoxia changes in the cerebral cortex, which worsened over time; the treatment groups had reduced hypoxia changes, and the acetamide (2.88 g/kg/d) treatment group had more reduction than the acetamide (5.68 g/kg/d) treatment group. The electron microscopy showed that the apoptosis of neuronal cells were the main pathological changes in the TET poisoning group; the treatment groups had reduced apoptotic changes, and the acetamide (2.88 g/kg/d) treatment group had more reduction than the acetamide (5.68 g/kg/d) treatment group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No pathological changes associated with the synergistic toxic effect of acetamide and TET are found in the cerebral cortex. Acetamide (2.88 g/kg/d) could reduce central nervous lesions, but the efficacy is not improved after increasing the dose. For patients who cannot be identified with TET or fluoroacetamide poisoning, acetamide could be considered for treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China.
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China.
authors.forename: Hengbo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China.
authors.forename: Dongqi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China.
authors.forename: Yingping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China.
authors.forename: Jianling
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China.
authors.forename: Hongshun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China.
authors.forename: Chengye
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China.
authors.forename: Hanwen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shi
mesh_terms: D000081:Acetamides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001952:Bridged-Ring Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D000081:Acetamides; D001952:Bridged-Ring Compounds; C030686:acetamide; C010349:tetramethylenedisulfotetramine