title: Effect of Chromium(VI) Toxicity on Enzymes of Nitrogen Metabolism in Clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.).
abstract: Heavy metals are the intrinsic component of the environment with both essential and nonessential types. Their excessive levels pose a threat to plant growth and yield. Also, some heavy metals are toxic to plants even at very low concentrations. The present investigation (a pot experiment) was conducted to determine the affects of varying chromium(VI) levels (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mg chromium(VI) kg(-1) soil in the form of potassium dichromate) on the key enzymes of nitrogen metabolism in clusterbean. Chromium treatment adversely affect nitrogenase, nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, glutamine synthetase, and glutamate dehydrogenase in various plant organs at different growth stages as specific enzyme activity of these enzymes decreased with an increase in chromium(VI) levels from 0 to 2.0 mg chromium(VI) kg(-1) soil and 4.0 mg chromium(VI) kg(-1) soil was found to be lethal to clusterbean plants. In general, the enzyme activity increased with advancement of growth to reach maximum at flowering stage and thereafter decreased at grain filling stage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125001, India.
authors.forename: Punesh
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sangwan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar 263145, India.
authors.forename: Vinod
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1583-7749
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125001, India.
authors.forename: U N
authors.initials: UN
authors.lastname: Joshi
references.citation: Arch Biochem Biophys. 1973 Nov;159(1):113-22
references.pmid: 4150338
references.citation: Funct Plant Biol. 2003 Feb;30(1):57-64
references.pmid: 32688992
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 1960 Sep;35(5):700-8
references.pmid: 16655411
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 1991 Feb;95(2):509-16
references.pmid: 16668014
references.citation: J Exp Bot. 2007;58(9):2339-58
references.pmid: 17578865
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 1992 Mar;98(3):1190-5
references.pmid: 16668745
references.citation: J Environ Biol. 2012 Mar;33(2):239-44
references.pmid: 23033687
references.citation: Z Naturforsch C J Biosci. 2000 Mar-Apr;55(3-4):222-32
references.pmid: 10817212
references.citation: Chem Asian J. 2007 Aug 3;2(8):936-46
references.pmid: 17614310
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Oct 11;102(41):14807-12
references.pmid: 16199516
references.citation: Crit Rev Biotechnol. 2010 Mar;30(1):23-30
references.pmid: 19821782
references.citation: J Exp Bot. 2002 Apr;53(370):891-904
references.pmid: 11912232
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 1968 Aug;43(8):1185-207
references.pmid: 16656902
references.citation: J Plant Physiol. 2009 Jul 1;166(10):1034-44
references.pmid: 19185388
references.citation: Biochem J. 1972 Nov;130(2):475-85
references.pmid: 4664575
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 1951 Nov;193(1):265-75
references.pmid: 14907713
references.citation: Environ Int. 2005 Jul;31(5):739-53
references.pmid: 15878200