title: Creatively caring: effects of arts-based encounters on hospice caregivers in South Africa.
abstract: International literature and experience suggest that arts-based encounters can be effective in reducing stress and burnout in health care workers. Are these principles universal? Are they as applicable and effective in resource-constrained situations in Africa as in other parts of the world? We describe the impact of creative and arts-based encounters on a group of hospice caregivers at South Coast Hospice in KwaZulu Natal. An experienced facilitator built a caring and trusting relationship with the participants over a three month period through a variety of means, including a singing and songwriting intervention specifically designed to empower and give voice to the hospice caregivers, most of whom were Zulu women. We documented the process through several rounds of interviews, extensive field notes, and audio recordings. This article is a reflection on the experience and draws from the interviews, correspondence among researchers, field notes, and a performance piece written by the facilitator one year after completion of the study. We found that the songwriting and other creative activities of the engagement provided affirmation and acknowledgment of the caregivers as well as an opportunity to release stress, grief, and pain. They experienced changes in terms of hope and freedom both for themselves and their patients. The conceptual themes that emerged from the interviews with the caregivers were interpreted in terms of their inherent cultural assets, a release of agency, a sense of revelation, and transformation. The expressive arts can have a significantly beneficial effect on hospice workers and their patients, and clinical engagement can be enhanced through creative encounters, even in resource-constrained situations. If such creative processes were to be promoted among a wider group of health workers, daily routine work in health care could be not just a repetition of well-rehearsed utilitarian rituals but rather a series of creative and transformative encounters.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Music and Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA. Electronic address: repar@unm.edu.
authors.forename: Patricia Ann
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Repar
authors.affiliation: Primary Health Care Directorate, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reid
mesh_terms: D001154:Art; D002055:Burnout, Professional / Q000517:prevention & control; D017028:Caregivers; D003405:Creativity; D003469:Culture; D004645:Empathy; D005260:Female; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000523:psychology; D017051:Hospice Care; D006738:Hospices; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009146:Music; D013019:South Africa; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000517:prevention & control; D035502:Trust
keywords: Holistic health; caregivers; creativity; hospice care; music therapy; palliative care