title: Emergent complexity of the cytoskeleton: from single filaments to tissue.
abstract: Despite their overwhelming complexity, living cells display a high degree of internal mechanical and functional organization which can largely be attributed to the intracellular biopolymer scaffold, the cytoskeleton. Being a very complex system far from thermodynamic equilibrium, the cytoskeleton's ability to organize is at the same time challenging and fascinating. The extensive amounts of frequently interacting cellular building blocks and their inherent multifunctionality permits highly adaptive behavior and obstructs a purely reductionist approach. Nevertheless (and despite the field's relative novelty), the physics approach has already proved to be extremely successful in revealing very fundamental concepts of cytoskeleton organization and behavior. This review aims at introducing the physics of the cytoskeleton ranging from single biopolymer filaments to multicellular organisms. Throughout this wide range of phenomena, the focus is set on the intertwined nature of the different physical scales (levels of complexity) that give rise to numerous emergent properties by means of self-organization or self-assembly.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Experimental Physics I, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.affiliation: Institute for Experimental Physics I, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schnauß
authors.affiliation: Institute for Experimental Physics I, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rönicke
authors.affiliation: Institute for Experimental Physics I, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rauch
authors.affiliation: Institute for Experimental Physics I, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.affiliation: Institute for Experimental Physics I, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fütterer
authors.affiliation: Institute for Experimental Physics I, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Käs
keywords: 87. Biological and medical physics; 87.16.-b Subcellular structure and processes; 87.16.Ln Cytoskeleton; 87.17.-d Cell processes; 87.17.Ee Growth and division; 87.17.Jj Cell locomotion, chemotaxis; 87.17.Rt Cell adhesion and cell mechanics; 87.18-h Biological complexity; 87.18.Ed Cell aggregation; 87.18.Fx Multicellular phenomena, biofilms; 87.18.Hf Spatiotemporal pattern formation in cellular populations; 87.19.xj Cancer; cell migration; cellular mechanics; emergent properties; multifunctionality; self-assembly; self-organization
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