title: Identifying the Potential for Robotics to Assist Older Adults in Different Living Environments.
abstract: As the older adult population grows and becomes more diverse, so will their needs and preferences for living environments. Many adults over 65 years of age require some assistance [1, 2]; yet it is important for their feelings of well-being that the assistance not restrict their autonomy [3]. Not only is autonomy correlated with quality of life [4], autonomy enhancement may improve functionality [2, 5]. The goal of this paper is to provide guidance for the development of technology to enhance autonomy and quality of life for older adults. We explore the potential for robotics to meet these needs. We evaluated older adults' diverse living situations and the predictors of residential moves to higher levels of care in the United States. We also examined older adults' needs for assistance with activities of daily living (ADLs), instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), and medical conditions when living independently or in a long-term care residence. By providing support for older adults, mobile manipulator robots may reduce need-driven, undesired moves from residences with lower levels of care (i.e., private homes, assisted living) to those with higher levels of care (i.e., skilled nursing).
authors.affiliation: Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: Tracy L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Mitzner
authors.affiliation: Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: Tiffany L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: Charles C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Kemp
authors.affiliation: Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: Wendy A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Rogers
keywords: Aging; aging in place; assisted living; assistive technology; design; long-term care; nursing homes; robotics
references.citation: Am J Public Health. 1996 Jan;86(1):62-6
references.pmid: 8561244
references.citation: Health Aff (Millwood). 2002 Jul-Aug;21(4):222-31
references.pmid: 12117133
references.citation: J Am Geriatr Soc. 2001 Apr;49(4):404-9
references.pmid: 11347783
references.citation: Gerontologist. 2005 Apr;45(2):157-66
references.pmid: 15799980
references.citation: Scand J Prim Health Care. 1992 Jun;10(2):128-33
references.pmid: 1641522
references.citation: Science. 1986 Sep 19;233(4770):1271-6
references.pmid: 3749877
references.citation: Public Health Nurs. 1998 Apr;15(2):136-45
references.pmid: 9564218
references.citation: Qual Life Res. 2010 Apr;19(3):351-61
references.pmid: 20146007
references.citation: J Gerontol. 1977 May;32(3):323-33
references.pmid: 850061
references.citation: Care Manag J. 2007;8(4):187-93
references.pmid: 18236958
references.citation: Age Ageing. 2010 Jan;39(1):31-8
references.pmid: 19934075
references.citation: BMC Health Serv Res. 2010 May 06;10:110
references.pmid: 20459603
references.citation: Phys Ther. 2011 Dec;91(12):1780-8
references.pmid: 22003159
references.citation: Gerontologist. 2005 Oct;45 Spec No 1(1):5-7
references.pmid: 16230743
references.citation: J Aging Res. 2012;2012:538169
references.pmid: 23304507
references.citation: J Gerontol Nurs. 2010 Jan;36(1):18-30; quiz 32-3
references.pmid: 20047249
references.citation: Proc ACM SIGCHI. 2013 Mar;2013:283-290
references.pmid: 31240280
references.citation: Proc Hum Factors Ergon Soc Annu Meet. 2011 Sep;55(1):152-156
references.pmid: 31244517
references.citation: J Am Geriatr Soc. 2004 Oct;52(10):1618-25
references.pmid: 15450036
references.citation: J Rehabil Res Dev. 2008;45(9):1281-93
references.pmid: 19319753
references.citation: Gerontologist. 2003 Oct;43(5):690-6
references.pmid: 14570965
references.citation: J Nurs Care Qual. 2005 Jan-Mar;20(1):16-25
references.pmid: 15686073
references.citation: Gerontologist. 1987 Jun;27(3):266-72
references.pmid: 3609792
references.citation: J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2005 Jul-Aug;6(4):246-9
references.pmid: 16005410
references.citation: J Aging Health. 2004 Feb;16(1):88-115
references.pmid: 14979312
references.citation: Gerontologist. 1969 Autumn;9(3):179-86
references.pmid: 5349366
references.citation: Gerontologist. 1999 Oct;39(5):559-68
references.pmid: 10568080
references.citation: J Clin Epidemiol. 2005 Apr;58(4):338-49
references.pmid: 15862719
references.citation: J Health Soc Behav. 1995 Mar;36(1):1-10
references.pmid: 7738325
references.citation: Policy Brief (Cent Home Care Policy Res). 2002 Spring;(10):1-6
references.pmid: 14997913
references.citation: Gerontologist. 2003 Dec;43(6):875-82
references.pmid: 14704387
references.citation: Gerontologist. 2005 Oct;45 Spec No 1(1):56-61
references.pmid: 16230750
references.citation: Int J Aging Hum Dev. 1998;47(2):119-42
references.pmid: 9836092
references.citation: J Pers. 2006 Dec;74(6):1557-85
references.pmid: 17083658
references.citation: Gerontology. 2009;55(3):269-74
references.pmid: 19141990
references.citation: Gerontologist. 1999 Apr;39(2):167-76
references.pmid: 10224713
references.citation: J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2000 Mar;55(2):P117-27
references.pmid: 10794190
references.citation: NLN Publ. 1992 Mar;(15-2461):127-53
references.pmid: 1287581
references.citation: J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2000 May;55(5):M279-87
references.pmid: 10819318
references.citation: Int J Nurs Pract. 2002 Aug;8(4):198-209
references.pmid: 12100677
references.citation: J Aging Health. 2007 Apr;19(2):213-28
references.pmid: 17413132
references.citation: J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 1997 May;52(3):P118-26
references.pmid: 9158563
references.citation: Aging Ment Health. 2010 May;14(4):425-32
references.pmid: 20455118
references.citation: Geriatr Nurs. 2008 Nov-Dec;29(6):369-75
references.pmid: 19064134
references.citation: J Epidemiol Community Health. 2011 Mar;65(3):273-80
references.pmid: 20719807
references.citation: Gerontologist. 1991 Feb;31(1):107-15
references.pmid: 2007465
references.citation: J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2009 Jun;10(5):323-9
references.pmid: 19497544
references.citation: Proc Hum Factors Ergon Soc Annu Meet. 2012 Sep;56(1):153-157
references.pmid: 25284971
references.citation: Neuroepidemiology. 2008;31(3):167-73
references.pmid: 18784415
references.citation: Proc ACM SIGCHI. 2012 Mar;2012:335-342
references.pmid: 31240279
references.citation: Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol. 2012 Mar;7(2):168-79
references.pmid: 22013888
references.citation: Gerontology. 2008;54(1):59-68
references.pmid: 18259095
references.citation: Health Serv Res. 2001 Apr;36(1 Pt 1):91-111
references.pmid: 11324746
references.citation: Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2010 Mar;25(3):275-81
references.pmid: 19565572
references.citation: Proc Hum Factors Ergon Soc Annu Meet. 2012 Sep;56(1):1263-1267
references.pmid: 31337947
references.citation: Adv Data. 2000 Apr 25;(312):1-15
references.pmid: 11183291
references.citation: J Am Geriatr Soc. 1994 Aug;42(8):833-8
references.pmid: 8046192