title: Protective effect of caffeine on ethyl methanesulfonate-induced wing primordial cells of Drosophila melanogaster.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The antimutagenic effect of caffeine is evaluated against ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-induced mutation rate in Drosophila.
  
  
  METHODS
  The mutation rate is evaluated using wing mosaic assay. In transheterozygous larvae, multiple wing hair (mwh 0.3-3) and flare (flr 3-38.8) genes were used as markers of the extent of mutagenicity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results at 0.5 and 1.0 mM EMS concentration at both 48 ± 4 and 72 ± 4 h have shown consistent increase in mutation rate, which was being measured as frequency of clone formation per 105 cells. Toxicity of caffeine at 5 mM concentration was parallel to that of distilled water alone. At 0.5 mM EMS concentration at 42 ± 4 and 72 ± 4 h, Drosophila larvae mutation rate was significantly increased. Although caffeine prevented mutation rate in all pre, post, and combined treatment, it was more significant in pretreatment experiments where it was found to be effective in reducing the genotoxicity of EMS. However, the concentration of caffeine as recommended in dietary allowance did not induce the frequency of mutant clones in somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) recorded.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that caffeine significantly reduced the genotoxicity induced by EMS. However, the limitation in completely abolishing genotoxicity induced by EMS as observed at the dietary allowance of caffeine makes it interesting for further in-depth study. Further studies on the molecular mechanism of antigenotoxic effect of caffeine will also be interesting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Zoology, and Department of Bioinformatics, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, Malligenahalli, India ; Department of Piramal Enterprises Limited, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Prakash
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Zoology, and Department of Bioinformatics, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, Malligenahalli, India.
authors.forename: B B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Hosetti
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxinology/Toxicology and Drug Discovery Unit, Center for Emerging Technologies, Jain Global Campus, Jain University, Kanakapura Taluk, Ramanagara, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Dhananjaya
keywords: Antimutagenicity; caffeine; drosophila melanogaster; ethyl methanesulfonate
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