title: Translation and validation of the Chinese version of the Quality OF Life Radiation Therapy Instrument and the Head & Neck Module (QOL-RTI/H&N).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To translate and validate the Chinese version of the Quality Of Life Radiation Therapy Instrument and the Head & Neck Module (QOL-RTI/H&N), a disease-specific scale to measure quality of life (QOL) for patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) who received radiotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The QOL-RTI/H&N was translated and validated according to the standard process: a translation and back-translation procedure, pilot testing and a validation study. HNC patients were enrolled from the Cancer Center of Sun Yat-sen University and assessed using the QOL-RTI/H&N, QLQ-C30 and QLQ-H&N35. Reliability (internal consistency reliability, split-half reliability and test-retest reliability), validity (content validity, construct validity, criterion validity and discriminant validity), and responsiveness analysis were performed to evaluate the psychometric characteristics of the QOL-RTI/H&N.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 238 patients (99.2%) completed the questionnaire. Item RTI23 had 16.0% missing data. Other items had low percentages of missing data (0.4% or 0.8%) or no missing data. The average time to finish the scale was 9.8 minutes. Cronbach's alpha of the domains ranged from 0.41 to 0.77. The split-half reliability coefficients ranged from 0.43 to 0.77. All of the intra-class correlation coefficients were equal to or greater than 0.8. All of the item-own domain correlation coefficients were greater than those of the item-other domain. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that Comparative Fit Index, Normed Fit Index and Non-Normed Fit Index were equal to 1.00. Root Mean Square Error of Approximation was 0.01, with 90% CI (0.00, 0.10). The domain scores of the QOL-RTI/H&N were significantly correlated with those of the QLQ-C30 or QLQ-H&N3. All domain scores of patients in different radiotherapy stages were statistically significant (P < 0.05), apart from the speech domain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Chinese version of the QOL-RTI/H&N is a valid, reliable and responsive scale to measure QOL in HNC patients and can be used to assess the effects of radiotherapy treatment on these patients.
authors.forename: Xin-lin
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Zhen-wen
authors.initials: ZW
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong province, China. gmfsums@126.com.
authors.forename: Mo-fa
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Li-zhi
authors.initials: LZ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Chuan-wei
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Mo
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Dong-hai
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002681:China; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
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