title: An analysis of the global expression of microRNAs in an experimental model of physiological left ventricular hypertrophy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  MicroRNAs (miRs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression. Studies of transgenic mouse models have indicated that deregulation of a single miR can induce pathological cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac failure. The roles of miRs in the genesis of physiological left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), however, are not well understood.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the global miR expression in an experimental model of exercise-induced LVH.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Balb/c mice were divided into sedentary (SED) and exercise (EXE) groups. Voluntary exercise was performed on an odometer-monitored metal wheels for 35 days. Various tests were performed after 7 and 35 days of training, including a transthoracic echocardiography, a maximal exercise test, a miR microarray (miRBase v.16) and qRT-PCR analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ratio between the left ventricular weight and body weight was increased by 7% in the EXE group at day 7 (p<0.01) and by 11% at day 35 of training (p<0.001). After 7 days of training, the microarray identified 35 miRs that were differentially expressed between the two groups: 20 were up-regulated and 15 were down-regulated in the EXE group compared with the SED group (p = 0.01). At day 35 of training, 25 miRs were differentially expressed: 15 were up-regulated and 10 were decreased in the EXE animals compared with the SED animals (p<0.01). The qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated an increase in miR-150 levels after 35 days and a decrease in miR-26b, miR-27a and miR-143 after 7 days of voluntary exercise.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have identified new miRs that can modulate physiological cardiac hypertrophy, particularly miR-26b, -150, -27a and -143. Our data also indicate that previously established regulatory gene pathways involved in pathological LVH are not changed in physiological LVH.
authors.affiliation: Experimental and Molecular Cardiovascular Laboratory and the Heart Failure and Cardiac Transplant Unit from the Cardiology Division at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Cardiology and Cardiovascular Science, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nidiane C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Martinelli
authors.affiliation: Experimental and Molecular Cardiovascular Laboratory and the Heart Failure and Cardiac Transplant Unit from the Cardiology Division at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Cardiology and Cardiovascular Science, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carolina R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.affiliation: Experimental and Molecular Cardiovascular Laboratory and the Heart Failure and Cardiac Transplant Unit from the Cardiology Division at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Cardiology and Cardiovascular Science, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Kátia G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Experimental and Molecular Cardiovascular Laboratory and the Heart Failure and Cardiac Transplant Unit from the Cardiology Division at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mauro A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.affiliation: Experimental and Molecular Cardiovascular Laboratory and the Heart Failure and Cardiac Transplant Unit from the Cardiology Division at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Cardiology and Cardiovascular Science, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Andréia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Biolo
authors.affiliation: Experimental and Molecular Cardiovascular Laboratory and the Heart Failure and Cardiac Transplant Unit from the Cardiology Division at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luzia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Frick
authors.affiliation: Experimental and Molecular Cardiovascular Laboratory and the Heart Failure and Cardiac Transplant Unit from the Cardiology Division at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Cardiology and Cardiovascular Science, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daiane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Silvello
authors.affiliation: Experimental and Molecular Cardiovascular Laboratory and the Heart Failure and Cardiac Transplant Unit from the Cardiology Division at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.affiliation: Experimental and Molecular Cardiovascular Laboratory and the Heart Failure and Cardiac Transplant Unit from the Cardiology Division at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Cardiology and Cardiovascular Science, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Stéfanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.affiliation: Experimental and Molecular Cardiovascular Laboratory and the Heart Failure and Cardiac Transplant Unit from the Cardiology Division at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Cardiology and Cardiovascular Science, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Andrades
authors.affiliation: Experimental and Molecular Cardiovascular Laboratory and the Heart Failure and Cardiac Transplant Unit from the Cardiology Division at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Cardiology and Cardiovascular Science, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nadine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Clausell
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduate Program in Cardiology and Cardiovascular Science, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ursula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Matte
authors.affiliation: Experimental and Molecular Cardiovascular Laboratory and the Heart Failure and Cardiac Transplant Unit from the Cardiology Division at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Cardiology and Cardiovascular Science, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luis E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Rohde
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000235:genetics; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs
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