title: Basics and recent advances of two dimensional- polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
abstract: Gel- based proteomics is one of the most versatile methods for fractionating protein complexes. Among these methods, two dimensional- polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-DE) represents a mainstay orthogonal approach, which is popularly used to simultaneously fractionate, identify, and quantify proteins when coupled with mass spectrometric identification or other immunological tests. Although 2-DE was first introduced more than three decades ago, several challenges and limitations to its utility still exist. This review discusses the principles of 2-DE as well as both recent methodological advances and new applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Structural Pathology, Institute of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Niigata, Japan.|Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
authors.forename: Sameh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Magdeldin
authors.affiliation: Department of Structural Pathology, Institute of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Niigata, Japan.|Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
authors.forename: Shymaa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Enany
authors.affiliation: Department of Structural Pathology, Institute of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Niigata, Japan.
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.affiliation: Department of Structural Pathology, Institute of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Niigata, Japan.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Structural Pathology, Institute of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Niigata, Japan.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: UKM Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Zam
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zureena
authors.affiliation: UKM Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Ilambarthi
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lokamani
authors.affiliation: Department of Structural Pathology, Institute of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Niigata, Japan.
authors.forename: Eishin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yaoita
authors.affiliation: Department of Structural Pathology, Institute of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Niigata, Japan.
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
keywords: Advances; Basics; Review; Two dimensional electrophoresis
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