title: Two-step sequential liquefaction of lignocellulosic biomass by crude glycerol for the production of polyols and polyurethane foams.
abstract: A two-step sequential biomass liquefaction process was developed to produce bio-based polyols and polyurethane (PU) foams using crude glycerol as a liquefaction solvent. The first step, acid-catalyzed liquefaction, was highly effective in liquefying biomass, while the second step, base-catalyzed liquefaction, featured extensive condensation reactions. By using the developed two-step liquefaction process, the polyols produced from lignocellulosic biomass and crude glycerol containing 26-40% organic impurities showed hydroxyl numbers ranging from 536 to 936mgKOH/g, viscosities from 20.6 to 28.0Pas, and molecular weights (Mw) from 444 to 769g/mol. The PU foams produced had densities ranging from 0.04 to 0.05g/cm(3), compressive strengths from 223 to 420kPa, and thermal conductivities from 32.2 to 38.9mW/mK. Polyols and PU foams produced from the two-step liquefaction process had improved properties over their analogs derived from a one-step biomass liquefaction by crude glycerol process catalyzed by acid or base.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691-4096, USA.
authors.forename: Shengjun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691-4096, USA. Electronic address: li.851@osu.edu.
authors.forename: Yebo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000438:Alcohols / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D018533:Biomass; D005990:Glycerol / Q000737:chemistry*; D008031:Lignin / Q000737:chemistry*; D011140:Polyurethanes / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D003313:Zea mays / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000438:Alcohols; D011140:Polyurethanes; C036909:lignocellulose; D008031:Lignin; C028279:polyurethane foam; D005990:Glycerol
keywords: Crude glycerol; Lignocellulosic biomass; Liquefaction; Polyols; Polyurethane