title: Prediction of oral absorption of low-solubility drugs by using rat simulated gastrointestinal fluids: the importance of regional differences in membrane permeability and solubility.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to develop a novel approach for predicting the oral absorption of low-solubility drugs by considering regional differences in solubility and permeability within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
  
  
  METHODS
  Simulated GI fluids were prepared to reflect rat in vivo bile acid and phospholipid concentrations in the upper and lower small intestine. The saturated solubility and permeability of griseofulvin (GF) and albendazole (AZ), a drug with low aqueous solubility, were measured using these simulated fluids, and fraction absorbed (Fa) at time t after oral administration was calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The saturated solubility of GF and AZ, a drug with low aqueous solubility, differed considerably between the simulated GI fluids. Large regional differences in drugs concentration were also observed following oral administration in vivo. The predicted Fa values using solubility and permeability data of the simulated GI fluid were found to correspond closely to the in vivo data.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicated the importance of evaluating regional differences in drug solubility and permeability in order to predict oral absorption of low-solubility drugs accurately. The new methodology developed in the present study could be useful for new oral drug development.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University.
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Baba
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tagawa
authors.forename: Ryoichi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Waki
authors.forename: Shunji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nagata
mesh_terms: D061605:Administration, Intravenous; D000284:Administration, Oral; D015766:Albendazole / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000818:Animals; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000378:metabolism; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000378:metabolism*; D006118:Griseofulvin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D051381:Rats; D012995:Solubility
chemical_list: D006118:Griseofulvin; D015766:Albendazole