title: Interpretation of ANA indirect immunofluorescence test outside the darkroom using NOVA view compared to manual microscopy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate NOVA View with focus on reading archived images versus microscope based manual interpretation of ANA HEp-2 slides by an experienced, certified medical technologist.
  
  
  METHODS
  369 well defined sera from: 44 rheumatoid arthritis, 50 systemic lupus erythematosus, 35 scleroderma, 19 Sjögren's syndrome, and 10 polymyositis patients as well as 99 healthy controls were examined. In addition, 12 defined sera from the Centers for Disease Control and 100 random patient sera sent to ARUP Laboratories for ANA HEp-2 IIF testing were included. Samples were read using the archived images on NOVA View and compared to results obtained from manual reading.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At a 1 : 40/1 : 80 dilution the resulting comparison demonstrated 94.8%/92.9% positive, 97.4%/97.4% negative, and 96.5%/96.2% total agreements between manual IIF and NOVA View archived images. Agreement of identifiable patterns between methods was 97%, with PCNA and mixed patterns undetermined.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Excellent agreements were obtained between reading archived images on NOVA View and manually on a fluorescent microscope. In addition, workflow benefits were observed which need to be analyzed in future studies.
authors.affiliation: ARUP Laboratories, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA ; Departments of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA ; INOVA Diagnostics, Inc. San Diego, 9900 Old Grove Road, CA 92131, USA.
authors.forename: Susan S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Copple
authors.affiliation: ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
authors.forename: Troy D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Jaskowski
authors.affiliation: ARUP Laboratories, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
authors.forename: Rashelle
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Giles
authors.affiliation: ARUP Laboratories, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA ; Departments of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA ; ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA ; Departments of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA ; Departments of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
authors.forename: Harry R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Hill
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear / Q000097:blood*; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008853:Microscopy; D008875:Middle Aged; D012372:ROC Curve; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear
references.citation: Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2000 Mar 25;144(13):585-9
references.pmid: 10761543
references.citation: Clin Chim Acta. 2013 Jan 16;415:101-6
references.pmid: 23026234
references.citation: J Clin Pathol. 2000 Jun;53(6):424-32
references.pmid: 10911799
references.citation: Artif Intell Med. 2002 Sep-Oct;26(1-2):161-73
references.pmid: 12234722
references.citation: Autoimmun Rev. 2009 Sep;9(1):17-22
references.pmid: 19245860
references.citation: IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 2013 Oct;32(10):1878-89
references.pmid: 23797238
references.citation: Clin Chem Lab Med. 2009;47(1):102-8
references.pmid: 19072028
references.citation: Arthritis Rheum. 1999 Mar;42(3):455-64
references.pmid: 10088768
references.citation: Ann Rheum Dis. 2014 Jan;73(1):17-23
references.pmid: 24126457
references.citation: Autoimmunity. 2004 Mar;37(2):171-6
references.pmid: 15293886
references.citation: Clin Chem. 2004 Nov;50(11):2141-7
references.pmid: 15345663
references.citation: Clin Dev Immunol. 2012;2012:284740
references.pmid: 23316252
references.citation: Clin Chim Acta. 2013 Jun 5;421:168-9
references.pmid: 23537734
references.citation: Arthritis Rheum. 1997 Sep;40(9):1612-8
references.pmid: 9324015
references.citation: Clin Chem Lab Med. 2014 Feb;52(2):e9-11
references.pmid: 23979126
references.citation: Clin Dev Immunol. 2012;2012:651058
references.pmid: 23251220
references.citation: Arthritis Res Ther. 2005;7(1):R19-29
references.pmid: 15642139
references.citation: Autoimmun Rev. 2014 Mar;13(3):292-8
references.pmid: 24220268
references.citation: Clin Chem Lab Med. 2013 Sep;51(9):1771-9
references.pmid: 23612554
references.citation: Clin Chem Lab Med. 2014 Apr;52(4):547-51
references.pmid: 24225130
references.citation: Ann Rheum Dis. 2010 Aug;69(8):1420-2
references.pmid: 20511607
references.citation: Am J Clin Pathol. 2012 May;137(5):825-30
references.pmid: 22523223
references.citation: Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao. 2009 Mar;29(3):472-5
references.pmid: 19304528
references.citation: J Immunol Methods. 2009 Sep 30;349(1-2):1-8
references.pmid: 19720064
references.citation: J Rheumatol. 2003 Nov;30(11):2374-81
references.pmid: 14677180
references.citation: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2009 Sep;1173:166-73
references.pmid: 19758146
references.citation: Arthritis Res Ther. 2010;12(2):R40
references.pmid: 20214808