title: [Analysis on the results of etiology and serology of plague in Qinghai province from 2001 to 2010].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the results of etiology and serology of plague among human and infected animals in Qinghai province from 2001 to 2010.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-seven cases of human infected with plague, 53 541 different animal samples, 5 685 sets of vector insects flea and 49 039 different animal serum samples were obtained between 2001 and 2010. A total of 7 811 samples of serum from healthy farmers and herdsmen in 14 counties in Qinghai from 2005 to 2007 were collected. Yersinia pestis (Y. pestis) were detected in visceral and secretions from human, infected animals and vector insects, respectively. Plague antigen was detected by reverse indirect hemagglutination assay (RIHA) in those samples. Indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA) was used to test plague FI antibody in serum of human and infected animals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  37 human plague cases were confirmed, 21 strains of plague Y. pestis were isolated from human cases and 14 positive were detected out. 133 of 7 811 samples of human serum were IHA positive, with the positive rate at 1.7%. A total of 146 strains of plague were isolated from infected animals and vector insects, 99 out of which were from infected animals, with a ratio of Marmota himalayan at 72.7% (72/99) and the other 47 were from vector insects, with a ratio of callopsylla solaris at 68.1% (32/47). The number of IHA and PIHA positive were 300 and 10, respectively. A total of 3 animals and 3 insects species were identified as new epidemic hosts for plague. The natural plague focus of Microtus fuscus was discovered and confirmed and coexisted with natural focus of Marmota himalayan in Chengduo county, Yushu prefecture. The epidemic situation of plague is distributed mainly in Haixi, Yushu and Hainan prefectures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From 2001 to 2010, animal infected with plague was detected in successive years and human plague was very common in Qinghai. New infected animals and vector insects species and new epidemic areas were confirmed, hence the trend of plague prevalence for humans and animals is very active in Qinghai province.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plague Prevention and Control, Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining 811602, China.
authors.forename: Yonghai
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Plague Prevention and Control, Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining 811602, China.
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Plague Prevention and Control, Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining 811602, China.
authors.forename: Xiaolong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Plague Prevention and Control, Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining 811602, China.
authors.forename: Zhongzhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Plague Prevention and Control, Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining 811602, China.
authors.forename: Aiping
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Plague Prevention and Control, Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining 811602, China.
authors.forename: Rongjie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Department of Plague Prevention and Control, Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining 811602, China.
authors.forename: Baiqing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Department of Plague Prevention and Control, Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining 811602, China. Email: wangzuyun@163.com.
authors.forename: Zuyun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood*; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004199:Disease Vectors; D006801:Humans; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000382:microbiology; D010930:Plague / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission*; D015010:Yersinia pestis / Q000145:classification* / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial