title: Lower transplacental antibody transport for measles, mumps, rubella and varicella zoster in very preterm infants.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Maternal antibodies, transported over the placenta during pregnancy, contribute to the protection of infants from infectious diseases during the first months of life. In term infants, this protection does not last until the first recommended measles-mumps-rubella vaccination at 14 months in the Netherlands, while these viruses still circulate. The aim of the study was to investigate the antibody concentration against measles, mumps, rubella and varicella (MMRV) in mothers and preterm infants or healthy term infants at birth.
  
  
  METHODS
  Antibody concentrations specific for MMRV were measured in cord blood samples from preterm (gestational age <32 weeks and/or birth weight <1500 g) and term infants, and matched maternal serum samples, using a fluorescent bead-based multiplex immune-assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Due to lower placental transfer ratios of antibodies against MMRV in 96 preterm infants (range 0.75-0.87) compared to 42 term infants (range 1.39-1.65), the preterm infants showed 1.7-2.5 times lower geometric mean concentrations at birth compared to term infants. Maternal antibody concentration is the most important determinant of infant antibody concentration against MMRV.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preterm infants benefit to a lesser extent from maternal antibodies against measles, mumps, rubella and varicella than term infants, posing them even earlier at risk for infectious diseases caused by these still circulating viruses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Division of Neonatology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jolice P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: van den Berg
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Division of Neonatology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Elisabeth A M
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Westerbeek
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Infectious Diseases and Screening, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Gaby P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Smits
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Infectious Diseases and Screening, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Fiona R M
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: van der Klis
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Infectious Diseases and Screening, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Guy A M
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Berbers
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Division of Neonatology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Centre for Specialised Nutrition, Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ruurd M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: van Elburg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D002644:Chickenpox / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007112:Immunity, Maternally-Acquired; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000276:immunology*; D008457:Measles / Q000276:immunology*; D009107:Mumps / Q000276:immunology*; D010920:Placenta; D011247:Pregnancy; D012412:Rubella virus / Q000276:immunology*; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007074:Immunoglobulin G
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