title: Rickettsia bellii, Rickettsia amblyommii, and Laguna Negra hantavirus in an Indian reserve in the Brazilian Amazon.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to identify the presence of rickettsia and hantavirus in wild rodents and arthropods in response to an outbreak of acute unidentified febrile illness among Indians in the Halataikwa Indian Reserve, northwest of the Mato Grosso state, in the Brazilian Amazon. Where previously surveillance data showed serologic evidence of rickettsia and hantavirus human infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  The arthropods were collected from the healthy Indian population and by flagging vegetation in grassland or woodland along the peridomestic environment of the Indian reserve. Wild rodents were live-trapped in an area bordering the reserve limits, due the impossibility of capturing wild animals in the Indian reserve. The wild rodents were identified based on external and cranial morphology and karyotype. DNA was extracted from spleen or liver samples of rodents and from invertebrate (tick and louse) pools, and the molecular characterization of the rickettsia was through PCR and DNA sequencing of fragments of two rickettsial genes (gltA and ompA). In relation to hantavirus, rodent serum samples were serologically screened by IgG ELISA using the Araraquara-N antigen and total RNA was extracted from lung samples of IgG-positive rodents. The amplification of the complete S segment was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 153 wild rodents, 121 louse, and 36 tick specimens were collected in 2010. Laguna Negra hantavirus was identified in Calomys callidus rodents and Rickettsia bellii, Rickettsia amblyommii were identified in Amblyomma cajennense ticks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Zoonotic diseases such as HCPS and spotted fever rickettsiosis are a public health threat and should be considered in outbreaks and acute febrile illnesses among Indian populations. The presence of the genome of rickettsias and hantavirus in animals in this Indian reserve reinforces the need to include these infectious agents in outbreak investigations of febrile cases in Indian populations.
authors.forename: Lívia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: de Barros Lopes
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21045-900, Brazil. guterres@ioc.fiocruz.br.
authors.forename: Alexandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guterres
authors.forename: Tatiana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rozental
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Carvalho de Oliveira
authors.forename: Maria Angélica
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mares-Guia
authors.forename: Jorlan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.forename: José Ferreira
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Figueredo
authors.forename: Inês
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Anschau
authors.forename: Sebastião
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: de Jesus
authors.forename: Ana Beatriz M
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: V Almeida
authors.forename: Valéria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cristina da Silva
authors.forename: Alba Valéria
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Gomes de Melo Via
authors.forename: Cibele Rodrigues
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Bonvicino
authors.forename: Paulo Sérgio
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: D'Andrea
authors.forename: Jairo Dias
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Barreira
authors.forename: Elba Regina
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Sampaio de Lemos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D004197:Disease Reservoirs; D006476:Orthohantavirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D007814:Larva / Q000382:microbiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009758:Nymph / Q000382:microbiology; D010802:Phylogeny; D012281:Rickettsia / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012377:Rodentia / Q000382:microbiology; D013987:Ticks / Q000382:microbiology
references.citation: Infect Genet Evol. 2013 Aug;18:262-8
references.pmid: 23751399
references.citation: Cytogenet Cell Genet. 1996;73(3):190-3
references.pmid: 8697806
references.citation: Science. 1993 Nov 5;262(5135):914-7
references.pmid: 8235615
references.citation: Mol Biol Evol. 2011 Oct;28(10):2731-9
references.pmid: 21546353
references.citation: Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2001 Feb;18(2):282-92
references.pmid: 11161762
references.citation: Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2009 Aug;81(2):273-6
references.pmid: 19635882
references.citation: Bioinformatics. 2003 Aug 12;19(12):1572-4
references.pmid: 12912839
references.citation: Virology. 1997 Nov 10;238(1):115-27
references.pmid: 9375015
references.citation: J Clin Virol. 2009 Jun;45(2):153-6
references.pmid: 19395308
references.citation: Cytogenet Genome Res. 2002;97(3-4):200-4
references.pmid: 12438714
references.citation: J Bacteriol. 1991 Mar;173(5):1576-89
references.pmid: 1671856
references.citation: Emerg Infect Dis. 2012 Jun;18(6):982-5
references.pmid: 22607717
references.citation: Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2011 Mar-Apr;44(2):131-5
references.pmid: 21468477
references.citation: Mol Biol Evol. 2008 Jul;25(7):1253-6
references.pmid: 18397919
references.citation: J Bacteriol. 1987 Aug;169(8):3564-72
references.pmid: 3112124
references.citation: Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 2012 Sep;3(4):254-6
references.pmid: 22809734
references.citation: Parasitol Res. 2011 Mar;108(3):665-70
references.pmid: 20953629
references.citation: Exp Appl Acarol. 2010 Sep;52(1):93-100
references.pmid: 20186466
references.citation: Microb Ecol. 2007 Jul;54(1):126-33
references.pmid: 17264991
references.citation: J Med Entomol. 2004 Nov;41(6):1073-81
references.pmid: 15605647
references.citation: Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2004 Nov;71(5):658-63
references.pmid: 15569801
references.citation: Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2008 Oct;8(5):597-606
references.pmid: 18447622
references.citation: Emerg Infect Dis. 2010 May;16(5):889-91
references.pmid: 20409399
references.citation: J Virol. 2012 Dec;86(24):13756-66
references.pmid: 23055565
references.citation: Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2003 Apr;97(3):269-80
references.pmid: 12803858
references.citation: Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2003 Sep;69(3):263-8
references.pmid: 14628942
references.citation: Mol Biol Evol. 2010 Feb;27(2):221-4
references.pmid: 19854763
references.citation: Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1998 Sep;59(3):438-44
references.pmid: 9749641