title: Kinematics of self-initiated and reactive karate punches.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated whether within-task expertise affects the reported asymmetry in execution time exhibited in reactive and self-initiated movements.
  
  
  METHODS
  Karate practitioners and no-karate practitioners were compared performing a reverse punch in reaction to an external stimulus or following the intention to produce a response (self-initiated). The task was completed following the presentation of a specific (i.e., life-size image of opponent) or general stimulus and in the presence of click trains or white noise.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Kinematic analyses indicated reactive movement had shorter time to peak velocity and movement time, as well as greater accuracy than self-initiated movement. These differences were independent of participant skill level although peak velocity was higher in the karate practice group than in the no-karate practice group. Reaction time (RT) of skilled participants was facilitated by a specific stimulus. There was no effect on RT or kinematic variables of the different type of auditory cues.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study indicate that asymmetry in execution time of reactive and self-initiated movement holds irrespective of within-task expertise and stimulus specificity. This could have implications for training of sports and/or relearning of tasks that require rapid and accurate movements to intercept/contact a target.
authors.forename: Oscar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Martinez de Quel
authors.forename: Simon J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Bennett
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016139:Martial Arts / Q000502:physiology*; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult