title: Evaluation of inferior alveolar nerve regeneration by bifocal distraction osteogenesis with retrograde transportation of horseradish peroxidase in dogs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bifocal distraction osteogenesis has been shown to be a reliable method for reconstructing segmental mandibular defects. However, there are few reports regarding the occurrence of inferior alveolar nerve regeneration during the process of distraction. Previously, we reported inferior alveolar nerve regeneration after distraction, and evaluated the regenerated nerve using histological and electrophysiological methods. In the present study, we investigated axons regenerated by bifocal distraction osteogenesis using retrograde transportation of horseradish peroxidase in the mandibles of dogs to determine their type and function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using a bifocal distraction osteogenesis method, we produced a 10-mm mandibular defect, including a nerve defect, in 11 dogs and distracted using a transport disk at a rate of 1 mm/day. The regenerated inferior alveolar nerve was evaluated by retrograde transportation of HRP in all dogs at 3 and 6 months after the first operation. At 3 and 6 months, HRP-labeled neurons were observed in the trigeminal ganglion. The number of HRP-labeled neurons in each section increased, while the cell body diameter of HRP-labeled neurons was reduced over time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found that the inferior alveolar nerve after bifocal distraction osteogenesis successfully recovered until peripheral tissue began to function. Although our research is still at the stage of animal experiments, it is considered that it will be possible to apply this method in the future to humans who have the mandibular defects.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka University, Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan.
authors.forename: Yosuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shogen
authors.affiliation: First Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka University, Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan; Unit of Dentistry, Osaka University Hospital, Suita, Japan.
authors.forename: Emiko Tanaka
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Isomura
authors.affiliation: First Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka University, Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan.
authors.forename: Mikihiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kogo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D066146:Cell Body / Q000378:metabolism; D004285:Dogs; D006735:Horseradish Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008340:Mandibular Nerve / Q000502:physiology* / Q000601:surgery; D009416:Nerve Regeneration; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D019857:Osteogenesis, Distraction; D021381:Protein Transport; D013194:Staining and Labeling
chemical_list: D006735:Horseradish Peroxidase
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