title: Dietary L-arginine modulates immunosuppression in broilers inoculated with an intermediate strain of infectious bursa disease virus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The effects of dietary l-arginine (Arg) on immunosuppression following infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) inoculation in broiler chickens were evaluated. The design of this study was a 5 × 2 factorial arrangement (n = 5) with five Arg concentrations (starter: 9.9, 13.9, 17.6, 21.3 and 25.3 g kg(-1) ; grower-finisher: 9.5, 13.5, 17.1, 20.1 and 23.6 g kg(-1) ) with or without IBDV inoculation (IBDV or saline inoculation at 14 days). Chickens were sampled at 2, 4 and 6 days post-inoculation (DPI) and 42 days of age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The IBDV inoculation decreased (P = 0.05) CD3(+) , CD4(+) , and CD8(+) T cell counts at 2 days post-inoculation (DPI) and monocyte counts at 6 DPI; and reduced (P < 0.05) bursal interleukin-1β (IL-1β) mRNA expression at 2 DPI and serum IL-6 concentration at 4 DPI. Increasing Arg concentration increased (P < 0.05) CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell counts at 2 DPI, linearly increased (P = 0.05) CD3(+) T cell counts in IBDV-inoculated groups and monocyte counts in control groups at 4 DPI; increased (P < 0.05) serum IL-6 concentration in IBDV-inoculated groups at 2 DPI; and increased (P < 0.05) serum anti-IBDV antibody titres at 42 days of age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Varying concentrations of Arg supplementation attenuated IBDV inoculation induced immunosuppression via modulating circulating T cell sub-populations.
authors.affiliation: State Key Lab of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jian-Zhuang
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Yu-Ming
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Todd J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Applegate
authors.forename: En-Cun
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018175:Birnaviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary*; D002060:Bursa of Fabricius / Q000737:chemistry; D002645:Chickens / Q000276:immunology; D004032:Diet; D015870:Gene Expression; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000276:immunology; D056724:Immunity, Humoral / Q000276:immunology; D007243:Infectious bursal disease virus / Q000276:immunology*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000235:genetics; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D007958:Leukocyte Count / Q000662:veterinary; D018655:Lymphocyte Count / Q000662:veterinary; D009000:Monocytes; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D001120:Arginine
keywords: arginine; cytokine response; immunosuppression; infectious bursal disease; mononuclear cell sub-population