title: Acute kidney injury in rats with or without pre-existing chronic kidney disease: cytokine/chemokine response.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Evidence suggests the possibility that pre-existing chronic kidney (CKD) disease may result in a more severe outcome of acute kidney injury (AKI). The aim of this study was to examine whether CKD enhances the inflammatory response in the kidney, as well as other organs, in response to AKI in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  CKD was induced by 5/6 nephrectomy (Nx) and AKI by intestinal ischaemia and reperfusion (IIR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  For 6 weeks following Nx there was a progressive increase in serum creatinine with associated development of albuminuria. The increment in creatinine above baseline determination 90 min following IIR was comparable in 5/6 Nx and in the sham 5/6 Nx. Similarly, increased levels of serum alanine transaminase and histomorphological changes in the lungs were observed in the rats exposed to IIR compared with those exposed to sham IIR, with no additional significant impact of 5/6 Nx. In kidney tissue the levels of cytokines/chemokines were equally elevated regardless of exposure to sham IIR or IIR. In lung and liver tissue the levels of cytokines/chemokines were equally elevated in the rats that were exposed to IIR, regardless of exposure to sham Nx or Nx.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that the immediate severity of AKI induced by IIR in rats with CKD is similar to that induced in rats without CKD. However, the impact of Nx on the cytokine/chemokine response after AKI is not uniform in kidney, lung or liver tissue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; The Water & Salt Research Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Skott
authors.forename: Rikke
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nørregaard
authors.forename: Hanne
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Birke-Sørensen
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Palmfeldt
authors.forename: Tae-Hwan
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Jørgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Frøkiaer
authors.forename: Søren
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nielsen
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D000818:Animals; D018925:Chemokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism*; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000150:complications; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D018925:Chemokines; D016207:Cytokines
keywords: acute kidney injury; chronic kidney disease; cytokines and chemokines; intestinal ischaemia and reperfusion