title: Polar delivery in plants; commonalities and differences to animal epithelial cells.
abstract: Although plant and animal cells use a similar core mechanism to deliver proteins to the plasma membrane, their different lifestyle, body organization and specific cell structures resulted in the acquisition of regulatory mechanisms that vary in the two kingdoms. In particular, cell polarity regulators do not seem to be conserved, because genes encoding key components are absent in plant genomes. In plants, the broad knowledge on polarity derives from the study of auxin transporters, the PIN-FORMED proteins, in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. In animals, much information is provided from the study of polarity in epithelial cells that exhibit basolateral and luminal apical polarities, separated by tight junctions. In this review, we summarize the similarities and differences of the polarization mechanisms between plants and animals and survey the main genetic approaches that have been used to characterize new genes involved in polarity establishment in plants, including the frequently used forward and reverse genetics screens as well as a novel chemical genetics approach that is expected to overcome the limitation of classical genetics methods.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria.
authors.forename: Urszula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kania
authors.forename: Matyaš
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fendrych
authors.forename: Jiři
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Friml
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000378:metabolism*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D016764:Cell Polarity; D002966:Clathrin / Q000378:metabolism; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000378:metabolism; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D020559:Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D002966:Clathrin; C449300:PIN3 protein, Arabidopsis; D020559:Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins
keywords: PIN proteins; epithelial cells; polarity; screen
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