title: Antibodies to Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria in young children with different propensity to develop islet autoimmunity.
abstract: The intestinal microbiota is essential to the maturation and homeostasis of the immune system. Immunoblot assays were used to establish the prevalence of serum IgG, IgM, and IgA antibodies specific for Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium longum, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG proteins in young children presenting with or without type 1 diabetes (T1D). We demonstrated that children between the ages of 6 and 12 months had a substantial increase in the frequency of IgG antibodies specific for L. rhamnosus GG proteins. We measured IgG, IgM, and IgA class antibody reactivity against B. adolescentis DSM 20083, B. adolescentis DSM 20086, and B. longum DSM 20088 proteins demonstrating significantly higher IgA responses against B. adolescentis DSM 20083 strain proteins in children who developed islet autoimmunity and T1D later in life. B. adolescentis strains showed more IgM type antibodies in children who developed T1D later in life, but the difference was not statistically significant. B. longum proteins were recognized by IgG and IgA antibodies to a higher extent compared to other bacteria studied. These results confirm that differences in immune reactivity against some commensal strains in young children may represent a different risk factor for developing T1D.
authors.affiliation: Immunology Group, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
authors.forename: Ija
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Talja
authors.affiliation: Immunology Group, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
authors.forename: Anna-Liisa
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Kubo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Oulu, Kajaanintie 50, 90014 Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Riitta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Veijola
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Tukholmankatu 8 A, 00029 Helsinki, Finland ; Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Teiskontie 35, 33521 Tampere, Finland ; Folkhälsan Research Center, Haartmansg 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Mikael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Knip
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Olli
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Simell
authors.affiliation: Immunogenetics Laboratory, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland ; University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: Jorma
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ilonen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Mari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vähä-Mäkilä
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411 Tartu, Estonia ; Centre for Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
authors.forename: Epp
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sepp
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411 Tartu, Estonia ; Centre for Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
authors.forename: Marika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mikelsaar
authors.affiliation: Immunology Group, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411 Tartu, Estonia ; Centre for Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
authors.forename: Meeme
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Utt
authors.affiliation: Immunology Group, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411 Tartu, Estonia ; Centre for Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
authors.forename: Raivo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Uibo
mesh_terms: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology*; D015551:Autoimmunity; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D001644:Bifidobacterium / Q000276:immunology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000276:immunology; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000276:immunology; D007422:Intestines / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000276:immunology*; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M
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