title: Translation, validity, and reliability of a persian version of the iowa tinnitus handicap questionnaire.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tinnitus is a common otologic symptom that can seriously affect a patient's quality of life. The purpose of the present study was to translate and validate the Iowa Tinnitus Handicap Questionnaire (THQ) into the Persian language, and to make it applicable as a tool for determining the effects of tinnitus on a patient's life.
  
  
  METHODS
  The main version of the THQ was translated into the Persian language. The agreed Persian version was administered to 150 tinnitus patients. The validity of the Persian THQ was evaluated and internal reliability was confirmed using Cronbach's α-coefficient. Finally, the effect of independent variables such as age, mean patient threshold, gender, and duration of tinnitus were considered in order to determine the psychometric properties of tinnitus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After an exact translation process, the Persian THQ was found to exhibit face validity. In terms of content validity, content validity index in total questionnaire was 0.93. Further, in structural validity measurements, intermediate correlation with annoyance from tinnitus (r=0.49), low correlation with duration of tinnitus (r=0.34) and high correlation with the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) questionnaire (r=0.84) were demonstrated. Additionally, a negligible effect of gender and age was noted on degree of tinnitus handicap (P= 0.754, P= 0.573, respectively). In the internal reliability assessment for Factors 1, 2, 3, and the whole questionnaire, Cronbach`s α-coefficient was 0.95, 0.92, 0.25 and 0.88, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Persian version of the Iowa THQ demonstrates high validity and reliability and can be used for the determination of tinnitus handicap and for following-up in the intervention process in Persian tinnitus patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Homa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Arian Nahad
authors.affiliation: Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Masomeh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rouzbahani
authors.affiliation: Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Farnoush
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jarollahi
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistics, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Shohreh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jalaie
authors.affiliation: Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Akram
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pourbakht
authors.affiliation: Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Helnaz
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mokrian
authors.affiliation: Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Parvane
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mahdi
authors.affiliation: Occupational Sleep Research Center, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Imam Khomeini Educational Complex Hospital, Valiasr Hospital,    Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Amin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amali
authors.affiliation: Department of Architect Engineering, School of Technology And Engineering. Islamic Azad University of Bandar Abbas.
authors.forename: Abdolmajid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nodin Zadeh
keywords: Persian.; Reliability; Tinnitus Handicap Questionnaire; Translation; Validity
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