title: Neural innervation of white adipose tissue and the control of lipolysis.
abstract: White adipose tissue (WAT) is innervated by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and its activation is necessary for lipolysis. WAT parasympathetic innervation is not supported. Fully-executed SNS-norepinephrine (NE)-mediated WAT lipolysis is dependent on β-adrenoceptor stimulation ultimately hinging on hormone sensitive lipase and perilipin A phosphorylation. WAT sympathetic drive is appropriately measured electrophysiologically and neurochemically (NE turnover) in non-human animals and this drive is fat pad-specific preventing generalizations among WAT depots and non-WAT organs. Leptin-triggered SNS-mediated lipolysis is weakly supported, whereas insulin or adenosine inhibition of SNS/NE-mediated lipolysis is strongly supported. In addition to lipolysis control, increases or decreases in WAT SNS drive/NE inhibit and stimulate white adipocyte proliferation, respectively. WAT sensory nerves are of spinal-origin and sensitive to local leptin and increases in sympathetic drive, the latter implicating lipolysis. Transsynaptic viral tract tracers revealed WAT central sympathetic and sensory circuits including SNS-sensory feedback loops that may control lipolysis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Center for Obesity Reversal, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302-4010, USA; Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302-4010, USA. Electronic address: bartness@gsu.edu.
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Bartness
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Center for Obesity Reversal, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302-4010, USA; Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302-4010, USA; Metabolic Diseases Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Metabolic Diseases Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Yogendra B
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Shrestha
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Center for Obesity Reversal, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302-4010, USA; Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302-4010, USA; Metabolic Diseases Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Vitaly
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ryu
mesh_terms: D052436:Adipose Tissue, White / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D008066:Lipolysis / Q000502:physiology*; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000378:metabolism*; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D009638:Norepinephrine
keywords: Denervation; Herpes simplex virus-1; Humans; Insulin; Leptin; Mice; Norepinephrine turnover; Pseudorabies virus; Rats; Siberian hamsters
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