title: Facile method for the site-specific, covalent attachment of full-length IgG onto nanoparticles.
abstract: Antibodies, most commonly IgGs, have been widely used as targeting ligands in research and therapeutic applications due to their wide array of targets, high specificity and proven efficacy. Many of these applications require antibodies to be conjugated onto surfaces (e.g. nanoparticles and microplates); however, most conventional bioconjugation techniques exhibit low crosslinking efficiencies, reduced functionality due to non-site-specific labeling and random surface orientation, and/or require protein engineering (e.g. cysteine handles), which can be technically challenging. To overcome these limitations, we have recombinantly expressed Protein Z, which binds the Fc region of IgG, with an UV active non-natural amino acid benzoylphenyalanine (BPA) within its binding domain. Upon exposure to long wavelength UV light, the BPA is activated and forms a covalent link between the Protein Z and the bound Fc region of IgG. This technology was combined with expressed protein ligation (EPL), which allowed for the introduction of a fluorophore and click chemistry-compatible azide group onto the C-terminus of Protein Z during the recombinant protein purification step. This enabled the crosslinked-Protein Z-IgG complexes to be efficiently and site-specifically attached to aza-dibenzocyclooctyne-modified nanoparticles, via copper-free click chemistry.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 210 S. 33rd Street, 240 Skirkanich Hall, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
authors.forename: James Zhe
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Hui
authors.forename: Ajlan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al Zaki
authors.forename: Zhiliang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Popik
authors.forename: Hongtao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Eline T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Luning Prak
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsourkas
mesh_terms: D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived / Q000276:immunology*; D001201:Ascites / Q000276:immunology; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000737:chemistry; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000737:chemistry*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D000069283:Rituximab; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D000069283:Rituximab
keywords: antibody; click chemistry; conjugation; nanoparticle; site-specific
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