title: Identification of new bacterial and fungal pathogens on surveillance bronchoscopy prior to sinus surgery in patients with cystic fibrosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy was performed prior to functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) while under general anesthesia to collect bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) for lower respiratory tract cultures in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF).
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective chart review was performed on all CF patients who underwent combined FESS and bronchoscopy between January 2009 and October 2010. Along with demographic data, bacterial, fungal, and acid fast bacillus culture data from BALF was collected and compared to oropharyngeal swab and sputum cultures obtained over the year prior to FESS and bronchoscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 77 patients were enrolled with mean age 12.5 ± SD 6.5 (range 2-29) years. Mean FEV1 was 86% ±18.4 (range 33-128) % of predicted. Patients averaged 6.5 (range 1-13) sputum or OP cultures in the year prior to FESS. BALF cultures identified a new bacterial pathogen in 19% (n=15) of patients, which altered antibiotic regimen immediately in two patients and sub-acutely in five patients. BALF cultures identified a new fungal pathogen in 42% (n=32) of patients, which resulted in the addition of antifungal therapy in eight patients. BALF cultures did not identify previously undetected AFB culture positive patients. No significant differences were found between patients with and without new discoveries of bacterial or fungal pathogens with regards to key clinical demographic data, lung function parameters, healthcare utilization, or need for antibiotics over the year prior to FESS. There was no relationship between the total number of respiratory cultures obtained in the year prior to bronchoscopy and the identification of new bacterial or fungal pathogens.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surveillance BALF cultures obtained prior to FESS identified bacterial and fungal pathogens not previously detected by sputum or OP swab cultures in a cohort of CF patients with chronic sinus disease. Moreover, the identification of these new pathogens altered clinical management in a small number of patients.
authors.affiliation: Section of Pulmonary Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kirkby
authors.forename: Don
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ginn-Pease
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gatz
authors.forename: Clayton Ellis
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Wisely
authors.forename: Meredith
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lind
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Elmaraghy
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ryan-Wenger
authors.forename: Shahid I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Sheikh
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000382:microbiology*; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000382:microbiology*; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009960:Oropharynx / Q000382:microbiology; D010256:Paranasal Sinuses / Q000601:surgery*; D011300:Preoperative Care; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013183:Sputum / Q000382:microbiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; culture; cystic fibrosis; functional endoscopic sinus surgery