title: Semen analysis workshops in India and Africa: the vital role of training and external quality control programmes.
abstract: Two hundred and fifty seven individuals from 16 African and Indian andrology laboratories attended several -semenology workshops from 1997 to 2013. The external quality control programme in Africa indicated the ability of participants to maintain the technology skills following a hands-on training. The pre-training sessions of the workshops indicated a total lack of knowledge how to perform a semen analysis according to the WHO manual. This was the case for morphology, motility and concentration. The results of this report underline the vital role of training as well as external quality control programmes.
authors.affiliation: Faculty Health Science, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg Hospital, Tyberberg 7505, South Africa.
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Franken
keywords: Andrology; developing countries; external quality control; semen analysis; training
references.citation: Hum Reprod. 1996 Jan;11(1):139-46
references.pmid: 8671176
references.citation: Hum Reprod. 1991 Jul;6(6):854-8
references.pmid: 1721921
references.citation: S Afr Med J. 1980 Mar 29;57(13):485-91
references.pmid: 7189299
references.citation: Hum Reprod. 2002 May;17(5):1299-305
references.pmid: 11980755
references.citation: Arch Androl. 1998 Sep-Oct;41(2):103-14
references.pmid: 9730439
references.citation: Asian J Androl. 2010 Jan;12(1):11-3
references.pmid: 20111075
references.citation: Hum Reprod. 2000 Nov;15(11):2360-8
references.pmid: 11056133
references.citation: Fertil Steril. 1995 Mar;63(3):612-24
references.pmid: 7851596
references.citation: Hum Reprod. 1999 Mar;14(3):765-9
references.pmid: 10221711
references.citation: Fertil Steril. 1997 Mar;67(3):583-4; author reply 584-5
references.pmid: 9091354
references.citation: Hum Reprod. 1990 Jul;5(5):586-92
references.pmid: 2394790
references.citation: Hum Reprod. 1994 Aug;9(8):1479-84
references.pmid: 7989509
references.citation: Hum Reprod. 2003 Apr;18(4):813-6
references.pmid: 12660276
references.citation: Asian J Androl. 2010 Jan;12(1):14-20
references.pmid: 20111076
references.citation: Hum Reprod. 2005 Aug;20(8):2039-42
references.pmid: 15845596
references.citation: Fertil Steril. 1986 Dec;46(6):1118-23
references.pmid: 2946611
references.citation: Fertil Steril. 2000 Oct;74(4):721-4
references.pmid: 11020513
references.citation: J Androl. 2001 Mar-Apr;22(2):192-205
references.pmid: 11229793
references.citation: Reprod Biomed Online. 2003 Jul-Aug;7(1):114-9
references.pmid: 12930591
references.citation: J Androl. 1983 Jul-Aug;4(4):280-2
references.pmid: 6618999
references.citation: Fertil Steril. 2003 Jun;79 Suppl 3:1637-43
references.pmid: 12801571
references.citation: Int J Androl. 1997 Aug;20(4):201-8
references.pmid: 9401822
references.citation: Hum Reprod Update. 1995 Nov;1(6):543-57
references.pmid: 9079395
references.citation: Hum Reprod. 2005 Dec;20(12):3441-5
references.pmid: 16055460