title: Coagulation competence and fluid recruitment after moderate blood loss in young men.
abstract: The coagulation system is activated by a reduction of the central blood volume during orthostatic stress and lower body negative pressure suggesting that also a blood loss enhances coagulation. During bleeding, however, the central blood volume is supported by fluid recruitment to the circulation and redistribution of the blood volume. In eight supine male volunteers (24 ± 3 years, blood volume of 6.9 ± 0.7 l; mean ± SD), 2 × 450 ml blood was withdrawn over ∼ 30 min while cardiovascular variables were monitored. Coagulation was evaluated by thrombelastography, and fluid recruitment was estimated by red blood cell count. Withdrawing 900 ml blood increased heart rate (62 ± 7 to 69 ± 13 bpm, P < 0.05; mean ± SD) and reduced stroke volume (113 ± 12 to 96 ± 14 ml, P < 0.05) leaving cardiac output, mean arterial pressure, and total peripheral resistance unchanged and, furthermore, reduced red blood cell count (4.80 ± 0.33 to 4.64 ± 0.37 × 10(12) cells l(-1), P < 0.05) indicating that 218 ± 173 ml fluid was recruited to the circulation. Withdrawing 450 ml blood reduced the time until initial fibrin formation (R: 6.5 ± 0.9 to 5.1 ± 1.0 min, P < 0.01), whereas the rate of clot formation increased after withdrawal of 900 ml blood (α-Angle: 66 ± 4 to 70 ± 3 deg, P < 0.01). Clot strength (maximal amplitude: 57 ± 4 mm), clot lysis 30 min after maximal amplitude (LY30: 0.8% [0-3.5%] (median [range])), and platelet count (218 ± 25 × 10(9) l(-1)) were unaffected. For supine males, ∼ 25% of a moderate blood loss is compensated by fluid recruitment to the circulation, which may explain the minor cardiovascular response. Yet, a blood loss of 450 ml accelerates coagulation, and this is further accentuated when blood loss is 900 ml.
authors.affiliation: aDepartment of Anaesthesia bDepartment of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet cDepartment of Anaesthesia, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark dDepartment of Surgery, Center for Translational Injury Research, CeTIR, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Morten
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zaar
authors.forename: Jakob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mørkeberg
authors.forename: Frank C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Pott
authors.forename: Pär I
authors.initials: PI
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.forename: Niels H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Secher
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000328:Adult; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000502:physiology*; D001780:Blood Coagulation Tests; D001810:Blood Volume / Q000502:physiology*; D002302:Cardiac Output; D006339:Heart Rate; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018962:Phlebotomy; D013997:Time Factors; D014655:Vascular Resistance