title: Immunotherapeutic interventions in chronic hepatitis B virus infection: a review.
abstract: Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a public health challenge worldwide. Antiviral agents (nucleos(t)ide analogues, NAs) and immune-based therapies (IFN-α or Pegylated-IFN-α) are two therapeutic approaches available currently against chronic hepatitis B (CHB). However, these approaches are associated with the development of acquired drug resistance or poor response rates and are accompanied by numerous side effects. Furthermore, due to defective innate and adaptive immune responses, HBV cannot be effectively controlled or completely eliminated, which may ultimately result in liver decompensation and hepatocelluar carcinoma. The imperative for development of new approaches targeting CHB cannot be overstated. Various immunotherapeutic interventions have been tried as adjuvants to inhibit HBV replication. In this paper, we will review immunotherapeutic interventions in the treatment of CHB.
authors.affiliation: Infectious Disease Hospital of Yantai, Huanshan Road 62, Zhifu District, 264001, Yantai, Shandong, China. Electronic address: liliwang2200@163.com.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Infectious Disease Hospital of Yantai, Huanshan Road 62, Zhifu District, 264001, Yantai, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Zhi Qiang
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: Digestive Department, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College, Huanghe Second Road 661, 256603, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Cheng Xia
authors.initials: CX
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Infectious Disease Hospital of Yantai, Huanshan Road 62, Zhifu District, 264001, Yantai, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Xiang Zhong
authors.initials: XZ
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000276:immunology*; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D016898:Interferon-alpha
keywords: Antiviral agents; Chronic hepatitis B; Immune-based therapy; Immunity; Immunotherapeutic intervention