title: Abattoirs as non-hospital source of extended spectrum beta lactamase producers: confirmed by the double disc synergy test and characterized by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry.
abstract: In this study, the presence of extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producing organisms in abattoirs, a non-hospital community was investigated. The presence of ESBL-producing phenotypes was confirmed by the Double Disc Synergy Test (DDST). Out of the 99 isolates screened for ESBL, 28 (28.3%) were confirmed positive. The positive isolates were characterised by using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time of flight Mass Spectrometry. 50% of the isolates were Pseudomonas spp., the rest were different species of Acinetobacter, Stenotrophomonas and Achromobacter. Pseudomonas monteilli and Pseudomonas putida were the most occurring in the intestine. The entire positive ESBL producers were subjected to plasmid curing to ascertain the location of the resistant marker. The result of the plasmid curing indicated that the resistant genes were chromosomally borne. The findings have therefore established the presence of ESBL producing organisms in the gut of animals from abattoirs and the table were the meat are sold, and its rate of occurrence is comparable to hospital ICUs. Abattoir communities could probably be a source of human infection with ESBL expressing pathogens and possible transfer to non-ESBL producers.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pharmaceutical microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Moses Nkechukwu
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Ikegbunam
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pharmaceutical microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Linda Onyeka
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Anagu
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pharmaceutical microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria; Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Ifeanyi R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Iroha
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pharmaceutical microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Chika Ebiye
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Ejikeugwu
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pharmaceutical microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Charles Okey
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Esimone
mesh_terms: D000003:Abattoirs; D001419:Bacteria / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000379:methods*; D010957:Plasmids / Q000378:metabolism; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization / Q000379:methods*; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D001618:beta-Lactamases
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