title: [Analysis of the determinants of salt-restriction behavior among urban and rural residents in Beijing with health belief model].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate salt-restriction behavior and explore related determinants among Beijing residents, so as to provide scientific basis for salt-restriction intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  The health belief model (HBM) was applied in designing the questionnaire, in which respondents' demographic characteristics, salt-restriction behavior, knowledge on hypertension, perceived susceptibility to hypertension, perceived severity of hypertension, perceived benefits of salt-restriction, perceived subjective barriers of salt-restriction, perceived objective barriers of salt-restriction, self-efficacy and cues to action were measured. Altogether 799 residentsresponsible for cooking in Xicheng district (396 urban residents) and Shunyi district (403 rural residents) in Beijing were investigated by the questionnaire, salt intake follow up, and 24-hour urinary sodium (24HUNa) determination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the study, 54.0% (214/396) of urban respondents and 26.3% (106/403) of rural respondents used a salt-restriction-spoon with high frequencies (everyday and often), while 27.5% (109/396) and 12.4% (50/403) used it correctly. The daily salt intake was (5.85±4.17) g and (7.74±4.67) g, and the 24HUNa was (113.70± 72.57) mmoL and (212.18±105.01) mmoL for urban and rural respondents, respectively. Perceived objective barriers of salt-restriction was animportant determinant of salt-restriction behavior for both the rural (OR=0.92; 95%CI: 0.88-0.96; P<0.01) and urban respondents (OR=0.87;95%CI: 0.83-0.91;P<0.01), which was perceived obviously more by rural respondents than by urban ones. Another important determinant of rural respondents' salt-restriction behavior was the owning status of salt-restriction-spoon (OR=2.18;95%CI: 1.04-4.57;P=0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is necessary to improve current salt-restriction-spoon, enhance its owning rate,and popularize its correct way of using, especially among rural residents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Yi-xing
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Zhuo-ting
authors.initials: ZT
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Policy and Administration, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Shuai-shuai
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Community Medical Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing 100038, China.
authors.forename: Da-hong
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Education, Shunyi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 101300, China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Xin-ying
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D002681:China; D015438:Health Behavior; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000517:prevention & control; D012424:Rural Population; D012982:Sodium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014505:Urban Population
chemical_list: D012982:Sodium, Dietary