title: Transcultural adaptation of the Korean version of the Hip Outcome Score.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Hip Outcome Score (HOS) is a questionnaire commonly used to assess the clinical outcome of patients after hip arthroscopy. However, a Korean version of the HOS is not available. The aim of this study was to translate and adapt the HOS questionnaire into the Korean language and then assess the psychometric properties of this instrument.
  
  
  METHODS
  Translation and transcultural adaptation of the HOS into Korean (HOS-K) was performed in accordance with the international recommendations. Sixty patients (mean age 38.4 years) planning hip arthroscopy participated in evaluating the psychometric properties of the HOS-K. Psychometric analyses consisted of assessing for the following: (1) floor/ceiling effects, (2) internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha, (3) test-retest reliability over 2-3 weeks with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), (4) convergent validity by correlation with the SF-36 and Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS), (5) construct validity by assessing for a difference in HOS-K scores based on a rating of hip function, and (6) responsiveness with a change in score over a 6-month period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The English version of the HOS was translated and adapted to Korean without notable discrepancies. The HOS-K scores were reliable with ICC of 0.946 for the activities of daily living (ADL) subscale and 0.929 for the sports subscale. Internal consistency was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha >0.90 for both subscales. Both subscales had a strong correlation to the five subscales of SF-36, except the general health subscale. The ADL subscale showed strong correlations with all the subscales of the HOOS, and sports subscale showed strong correlations with all subscales of the HOOS, except the symptom subscales of HOOS. The HOS-K also demonstrated evidence for responsiveness without floor and ceiling effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The HOS-K can be recommended as an outcome instrument in hip arthroscopy for Korean-speaking individuals. Surgeons can use the HOS-K to evaluate the outcome of hip arthroscopy in Korea.
  
  
  METHODS
  Therapeutic case series with no comparison group, Level IV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-ro 173 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, South Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Kyun
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, 224-1 Heukseok-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 156-755, South Korea. hayongch@naver.com.
authors.forename: Yong-Chan
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Duquesne University, UPMC Center for Sports Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: RobRoy L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 33 Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Taejon, 301-721, South Korea.
authors.forename: Deuk-Soo
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-ro 173 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung-Hoi
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Koo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001182:Arthroscopy; D044466:Asian People; D003469:Culture; D005260:Female; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D063868:Patient Outcome Assessment; D011594:Psychometrics; D056910:Republic of Korea; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014177:Translations; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Hip Outcome Score; Reliability; Responsiveness; Transcultural adaptation; Validity
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