title: Sleep measures expressing 'functional uncertainty' in elderlies' sleep.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The notion of 'functional uncertainty' during sleep was first proposed to indicate an inability of the central nervous system to maintain stable states by coordinating physiological processes. While the presence of functional uncertainty phenomena has been shown in infants and hypothesized in the elderly, its actual occurrence in the aged population has never been systematically investigated.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study is to identify, in the sleep of aged individuals, indexes of sleep instability and fragmentation as markers of functional uncertainty, by comparing a sample of healthy elderly subjects to one of young adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared polysomnograhic recordings of 20 healthy elderly subjects (age range 65-85 years) with those of 20 young individuals (age range 22-32 years), with special regard to the variables expressing functional uncertainty in sleep, such as continuity (e.g. arousals, awakenings), stability (e.g. state transitions, periods of marked 'functional uncertainty') and cyclic organization parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant differences emerged for all variables of interest: the elderly group showed higher indexes of fragmentation and instability than the young, as well as less and shorter cycles, and a lower percentage of time spent in cycles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results support the hypothesis of a progressive sleep quality disruption with aging, expressed by pronounced sleep instability, fragmentation and disorganization. We propose that functional uncertainty measures could usefully be included in standard sleep assessments on both aged and sleep-disordered populations as accurate sleep quality indexes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Naples II, Caserta, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Conte
authors.forename: Cinzia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Arzilli
authors.forename: Bruna Maria
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Errico
authors.forename: Fiorenza
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Giganti
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Iovino
authors.forename: Gianluca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ficca
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020447:Parasomnias / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D017286:Polysomnography; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D020178:Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D012895:Sleep, REM / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult