title: Late diagnosis and HIV infection in children attending a service of specialized care for pediatric AIDS in Brazil.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study describes the frequency of late diagnosis and HIV among children attending a pediatric AIDS clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study in children exposed to HIV from 2005-2008. A questionnaire was given that included questions on demographics and clinical information.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two-hundred twenty-one (97.8%) children were exposed to HIV during pregnancy/childbirth. A total of 193 (87.3%) children had late enrolment in the service and late access to HIV serology. The frequency of HIV was 21.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 15.9%-26.7%). Protective factors were earlier diagnosis [odds ratio (OR)=0.17 (0.08-0.37)] and receiving complete prophylaxis [OR=0.29 (0.09-0.97)]; being born by vaginal delivery was a risk factor [OR=4.45 (1.47-13.47)].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was a high frequency of late diagnosis in this patient cohort. Earlier diagnosis is an important measure for controlling HIV among children.
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Frizzera Dias
authors.forename: Sandra Fagundes
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Moreira-Silva
authors.forename: Marcela Alice
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.forename: Luciana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ribeiro Patrício
authors.forename: Camila Fátima
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Biancardi Gavioli
authors.forename: Angélica Espinosa
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Miranda
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001938:Brazil; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D057210:Delayed Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000635:transmission; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors