title: Temporal changes in human skeletal muscle and blood lipid composition with fish oil supplementation.
abstract: The aim of this study was to examine changes in the lipid profile of red blood cells and muscle tissue along with the expression of anabolic signalling proteins in human skeletal muscle. Following a 2-week control period, 10 healthy male participants consumed 5 g d(-1) of fish oil (FO) for 4 weeks. Muscle biopsies and venous blood samples were collected in the fasted state 2 weeks prior (W-2) and immediately before (W0) the initiation of FO supplementation for internal control. Muscle biopsies and venous blood samples were again obtained at week 1 (W1), 2 (W2) and 4 (W4) during FO supplementation for assessment of changes in lipid composition and expression of anabolic signalling proteins. There was no change in the composition of any lipid class between W-2 and W0 confirming control. Following FO supplementation n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) muscle lipid composition was increased from W0 to W2 and continued to rise at W4. n-3 PUFA blood lipid composition was increased from W0 to W1 and remained elevated for the remaining time points. Total protein content of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) increased from W0 to W4 whereas total mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) was increased from W0 at W1 with no further significant increases at W2 and W4. These data show that FO supplementation results in discordant changes in the n-3 PUFA composition of skeletal muscle compared to blood that is associated with increases in total FAK content.
authors.affiliation: Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada; Health and Exercise Sciences Research Group, University of Stirling, Scotland, UK. Electronic address: Christopher.mcglory@stir.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McGlory
authors.affiliation: Health and Exercise Sciences Research Group, University of Stirling, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: Stuart D R
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Galloway
authors.affiliation: Health and Exercise Sciences Research Group, University of Stirling, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: D Lee
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.affiliation: Health and Exercise Sciences Research Group, University of Stirling, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: Craig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McClintock
authors.affiliation: Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada; School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Leigh
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Breen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Dick
authors.affiliation: Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: John G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.affiliation: Health and Exercise Sciences Research Group, University of Stirling, Scotland, UK. Electronic address: k.d.tipton@stir.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Kevin D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Tipton
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000378:metabolism; D000293:Adolescent; D045930:Anabolic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D051417:Focal Adhesion Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects; D038762:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa / Q000378:metabolism; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D045930:Anabolic Agents; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; C087000:EIF4EBP1 protein, human; D005395:Fish Oils; D008055:Lipids; D010750:Phosphoproteins; C546842:MTOR protein, human; D051417:Focal Adhesion Kinase 1; C496050:PTK2 protein, human; D038762:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
keywords: FAK; Muscle; n-3 PUFA