title: The deep-plane approach to neck rejuvenation.
abstract: This article provides the facial plastic surgeon with anatomic and embryologic evidence to support the use of the deep-plane rhytidectomy for optimal treatment of the aging neck. An anatomic basis is established that demonstrates this technique's ability to maximize neck rejuvenation through its direct relationship to midface soft-tissue mobilization. A detailed description of the procedure, aimed at providing safe and consistent results, is presented with insights into anatomic landmarks, technical nuances, and alternative approaches to facial variations.
authors.affiliation: Section of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; New England Surgical Center, The Retreat at Split Rock, 539 Danbury Road, Wilton, CT 06897, USA.
authors.forename: Neil A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.affiliation: Section of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA. Electronic address: stewart.adam@yale.edu.
authors.forename: Stewart I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Adam
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging; D004210:Dissection / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D009333:Neck / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000601:surgery*; D009334:Neck Muscles / Q000601:surgery; D063868:Patient Outcome Assessment; D012060:Rejuvenation; D015361:Rhytidoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D015595:Skin Aging; D013524:Surgical Flaps
keywords: Aging face; Deep plane; Facelift; Neck lift; Neck rejuvenation; Platysma muscle; Rhytidectomy