title: Increased incidence of osteoarthritis of knee joint after ACL reconstruction with bone-patellar tendon-bone autografts than hamstring autografts: a meta-analysis of 1,443 patients at a minimum of 5 years.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of BPTB autografts versus HT autografts at a minimum of 5 years after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematical search of literature was performed in PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane library to identify published randomized controlled trials (RCT) or prospective cohort studies (PCS) relevant to ACL reconstruction comparing BPTB and HT autografts. The results of the eligible studies were analysed in terms of objective International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores, return to preinjury activity level, KT-1000, Lachman test, pivot shift test, anterior knee pain, kneeling pain, extension loss, and flexion loss, graft failure and radiographic outcomes. Study quality was assessed by using the Coleman methodology score for included studies. Two reviewers independently assessed each study for quality and extracted data. Subgroup analysis of the primary outcomes was conducted according to the type of study design (RCT or PCS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve RCTs, two PCS including 1,443 patients comparing hamstring and patellar tendon autografts were identified. The results of the meta-analysis showed that there were no significant differences between BPTB and HT in terms of objective IKDC score (P = 0.83), return to preinjury activity (P = 0.69), KT-1000 (P = 0.12), Lachman test (P = 0.76), pivot shift test (P = 0.11), extension deficit (P = 0.09), flexion deficit (P = 0.71) and graft failure (P = 0.22). However, outcomes in favour of HT autografts were found in terms of anterior knee pain (P = 0.0001) and kneeling pain (P = 0.001). Radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis (OA) showed that incidence of OA was significantly higher in BPTB groups compared with HT groups based on IKDC system. These findings were still robust during the sensitivity analysis. Results from subgroup analysis of the primary outcomes were consistent with the overall analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Meta-analysis of prospective trials did not detect any significant differences in clinical results, as evidenced by the objective IKDC score, return to preinjury activity level, KT-1000, Lachman test, pivot shift test, extension loss, flexion loss and graft failure. However, the meta-analysis revealed that ACL reconstruction with BPTB autografts resulted in increased anterior knee pain and kneeling pain compared with hamstring autografts. Increased incidence of OA was found after ACL reconstruction at a minimum of 5 years in BPTB group compared with HT autografts. This result should be cautiously interpreted. More high-quality RCT with strictly specified inclusion criteria are highly required before drawing a reliable conclusion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Gongye Road, Guangzhou, 510282, China.
authors.forename: Xiaobo
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Zhuo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Jingxian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Huamu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Fangyuan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Yuting
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Qianwei
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Xuzhou
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; D018771:Arthralgia / Q000209:etiology; D050376:Bone-Patellar Tendon-Bone Grafting / Q000009:adverse effects; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000209:etiology; D011859:Radiography; D020127:Recovery of Function; D013710:Tendons / Q000637:transplantation*; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous / Q000009:adverse effects
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