title: Smoking cessation outcomes among sexual and gender minority and nonminority smokers in extended smoking treatments.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sexual and gender minority individuals (i.e., lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender [LGBT]) have a higher smoking prevalence than nonminority individuals. There is limited evidence of smoking abstinence success in nontailored smoking treatments among LGBT smokers.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study is a secondary data analysis comparing the efficacy of extended, nontailored treatments among sexual and gender minority and nonminority smokers. Data from two clinical trials were combined to increase power and generalizability of the findings. Trials began with 12 weeks of counseling, nicotine replacement, and bupropion, after which participants were randomized to an extended treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Follow-up occurred at weeks 12, 24, 52, 64, and 104. Of the sample (n = 777), 17% identified as sexual and gender minority and 83% as nonminority. The sample was 75% non-Hispanic White, with 86% completing at least some college, and 68% were employed. Sexual and gender minorities were younger and indicated a greater desire to quit smoking than nonminority smokers. No other differences emerged on demographic, smoking, or mood variables. The average Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence score was 4.8, and mean daily cigarettes was 19.8. The generalized estimating equations model revealed no significant differences in abstinence between sexual and gender minority smokers and nonminority smokers at all follow-up assessments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sexual and gender minority smokers appear as likely to quit or abstain as nonminority smokers in extended, nontailored interventions. However, these findings may not generalize to other geographic areas, where access to treatment is limited or a higher stigma of sexual orientation exists.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA eric.grady@ucsf.edu.
authors.forename: Eric S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Grady
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA.
authors.forename: Gary L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Humfleet
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA.
authors.forename: Kevin L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Delucchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA.
authors.forename: Victor I
authors.initials: VI
authors.lastname: Reus
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA.
authors.forename: Ricardo F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Muñoz
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA.
authors.forename: Sharon M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hall
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001727:Bisexuality; D016642:Bupropion / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003376:Counseling; D005260:Female; D018452:Homosexuality, Female; D018451:Homosexuality, Male; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008913:Minority Groups / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009538:Nicotine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012907:Smoking / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D063106:Transgender Persons; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D016642:Bupropion; D009538:Nicotine
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