title: Reducing PEC uncertainty in coastal zones: a case study on carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine and their metabolites.
abstract: Concentrations of the antiepileptic drugs carbamazepine (Cbz), oxcarbazepine (OxCz) and their main metabolites were predicted in a wastewater treatment plant (WTP) and in the vicinity of its submarine outfall located in a Mediterranean coastal zone. Refined predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) were calculated in effluents based on consumption data and human excretion rates. PECs were estimated in the sea using the hydrodynamic MARS 3D model integrating meteorological data, oceanic conditions (wind, tide, atmospheric pressure), freshwater and sewage inputs. Measured environmental concentrations (MECs) were compared to PECs to assess the estimation relevance. In the coastal zone, PEC and MEC were in the same magnitude range. Modeling of Cbz diffusion and advection just above the submarine outfall showed the influence of the thermocline during summer, with low diffusion of Cbz from the bottom to the surface. This work allowed understanding the dispersion of target compounds and deserved further development for a better acknowledgement of vulnerability at local scales.
authors.affiliation: UMR 5569 Hydrosciences Montpellier, Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France. Electronic address: hfenet@univ-montp1.fr.
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fenet
authors.affiliation: UMR 5569 Hydrosciences Montpellier, Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Arpin-Pont
authors.affiliation: UMR 5569 Hydrosciences Montpellier, Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France; Ifremer, Laboratoire Environnement et Ressources du Languedoc-Roussillon (LER-LR), Sète, France.
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vanhoutte-Brunier
authors.affiliation: Ifremer, Laboratoire Environnement et Ressources du Languedoc-Roussillon (LER-LR), Sète, France.
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Munaron
authors.affiliation: Ifremer, Laboratoire Environnement et Ressources du Languedoc-Roussillon (LER-LR), Sète, France.
authors.forename: Annie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fiandrino
authors.affiliation: UMR 5569 Hydrosciences Montpellier, Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Maria-Jesus
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Martínez Bueno
authors.affiliation: UMR 5569 Hydrosciences Montpellier, Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Clotilde
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Boillot
authors.affiliation: UMR 5569 Hydrosciences Montpellier, Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Claude
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Casellas
authors.affiliation: CHRU de Montpellier, Département de Pharmacologie Médicale et Toxicologie, Hôpital Lapeyronie, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mathieu
authors.affiliation: UMR 5569 Hydrosciences Montpellier, Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gomez
mesh_terms: D002220:Carbamazepine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D006801:Humans; D019083:Mediterranean Region; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009792:Oceans and Seas; D000078330:Oxcarbazepine; D012621:Seasons; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D064091:Waste Disposal Facilities; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D012722:Sewage; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002220:Carbamazepine; D000078330:Oxcarbazepine
keywords: Exposure assessment; Mars 3D model; Mediterranean Sea; POCIS; Pharmaceuticals