title: Hypolipidemic effect of dietary water-soluble protein extract from chicken: impact on genes regulating hepatic lipid and bile acid metabolism.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Amount and type of dietary protein have been shown to influence blood lipids. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of a water-soluble fraction of chicken protein (CP) on plasma and hepatic lipid metabolism in normolipidemic rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Wistar rats were fed either a control diet with 20 % w/w casein as the protein source, or an experimental diet where casein was replaced with CP at 6, 14, or 20 % w/w for 4 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rats fed CP had markedly reduced levels of triacylglycerols (TAG) and cholesterol in both plasma and liver, accompanied by stimulated hepatic mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 activity in the 20 % CP group compared to the control group. In addition, reduced activities and gene expression of hepatic enzymes involved in lipogenesis were observed. The gene expression of sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 was reduced in the 20 % CP-fed rats, whereas gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha was increased. Moreover, 6, 14, and 20 % CP-fed rats had significantly increased free carnitine and acylcarnitine plasma levels compared to control rats. The plasma methionine/glycine and lysine/arginine ratios were reduced in 20 % CP-treated rats. The mRNA level of ATP-binding cassette 4 was increased in the 20 % CP group, accompanied by the increased level of plasma bile acids.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present data suggest that the hypotriglyceridemic property of a water-soluble fraction of CP is primarily due to effects on TAG synthesis and mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. The cholesterol-lowering effect by CP may be linked to increased bile acid formation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020, Bergen, Norway, rita.vik@k2.uib.no.
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vik
authors.forename: Bodil
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bjørndal
authors.forename: Pavol
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bohov
authors.forename: Trond
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Brattelid
authors.forename: Asbjørn
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Svardal
authors.forename: Ottar K
authors.initials: OK
authors.lastname: Nygård
authors.forename: Jan E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Nordrehaug
authors.forename: Jon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Skorve
authors.forename: Rolf K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Berge
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000378:metabolism*; D002334:Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism; D002364:Caseins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002645:Chickens; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000032:analysis; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008461:Meat Products / Q000032:analysis; D008930:Mitochondria, Liver / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D011897:Random Allocation; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012995:Solubility; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D002364:Caseins; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol; D002334:Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
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