title: Testicular swelling: a rare manifestation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia presenting with Richter's syndrome.
abstract: Richter syndrome (RS) represents the clinico-pathologic transformation of indolent lymphomas to an aggressive lymphoma, most commonly diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Majority of the patients have a previous diagnosis of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and the median time to transformation is 2-4 years. De novo RS is extremely uncommon. RS frequently arises in the lymph nodes or bone marrow and rarely presents with extra nodal involvement, common sites being the gastrointestinal tract, eye, central nervous system, lung and kidney. Involvement of testis by RS is extremely rare and we came across only one such reported case in the literature. We are reporting this case as our patient presented with de novo RS at an extremely uncommon extra nodal site, testis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Medanta The Medicity, Gurgaon, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: Bhawna
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jha
authors.forename: Jasmita
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dass
authors.forename: Ritesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sachdev
authors.forename: Rahul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bhargava
mesh_terms: D018951:Antigens, CD20 / Q000032:analysis; D001773:Blood Cells; D006651:Histocytochemistry; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D050835:Interferon Regulatory Factors / Q000032:analysis; D015451:Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008853:Microscopy; D008875:Middle Aged; D011860:Radiography, Abdominal; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D000099218:Interferon Regulatory Factor-4
chemical_list: D018951:Antigens, CD20; D050835:Interferon Regulatory Factors; D000099218:Interferon Regulatory Factor-4