title: Community-based surveillance and case management for suicide prevention: an American Indian tribally initiated system.
abstract: The National Strategy for Suicide Prevention highlights the importance of improving the timeliness, usefulness, and quality of national suicide surveillance systems, and expanding local capacity to collect relevant data. This article describes the background, methods, process data, and implications from the first-of-its-kind community-based surveillance system for suicidal and self-injurious behavior developed by the White Mountain Apache Tribe with assistance from Johns Hopkins University. The system enables local, detailed, and real-time data collection beyond clinical settings, with in-person follow-up to facilitate connections to care. Total reporting and the proportion of individuals seeking treatment have increased over time, suggesting that this innovative surveillance system is feasible, useful, and serves as a model for other communities and the field of suicide prevention.
authors.affiliation: Mary F. Cwik, Allison Barlow, Novalene Goklish, Francene Larzelere-Hinton, and Lauren Tingey are with the Department of International Health, Center for American Indian Health, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. Mariddie Craig is with the White Mountain Apache Tribe's Native American Research Centers in Health, Whiteriver, AZ. Ronnie Lupe is with the White Mountain Apache Tribal Council, Whiteriver. John Walkup is with the Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Mary F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Cwik
authors.forename: Allison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barlow
authors.forename: Novalene
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Goklish
authors.forename: Francene
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Larzelere-Hinton
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tingey
authors.forename: Mariddie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Craig
authors.forename: Ronnie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lupe
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Walkup
mesh_terms: D001130:Arizona; D019090:Case Management; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American; D008297:Male; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012307:Risk Factors; D013405:Suicide / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000092864:Suicide Prevention
references.citation: Soc Sci Med. 2001 Nov;53(9):1115-24
references.pmid: 11556603
references.citation: J Adolesc Health. 2014 Mar;54(3):357-9
references.pmid: 24560037
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 2007 Jul;164(7):1035-43
references.pmid: 17606655
references.citation: PLoS One. 2012;7(2):e31663
references.pmid: 22363700
references.citation: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2011 Sep;50(9):860-9
references.pmid: 21871368
references.citation: Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2012 Sep;38(5):403-8
references.pmid: 22931073
references.citation: Paediatr Drugs. 2003;5(4):243-65
references.pmid: 12662120
references.citation: Psychiatr Serv. 2011 Nov;62(11):1390-2
references.pmid: 22211225
references.citation: Dan Med Bull. 2004 Nov;51(4):415-7
references.pmid: 16009065
references.citation: Matern Child Health J. 2008 Jul;12 Suppl 1:110-8
references.pmid: 18454310
references.citation: Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2012 Sep;38(5):409-15
references.pmid: 22931074
references.citation: Online J Issues Nurs. 2005 Mar 28;10(2):6
references.pmid: 15977979
references.citation: Inj Prev. 2004 Feb;10(1):47-52
references.pmid: 14760027
references.citation: Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 1998 Jul;7(3):555-77, ix
references.pmid: 9894055
references.citation: Am J Public Health. 2009 Oct;99(10):1840-8
references.pmid: 19696377
references.citation: Am J Public Health. 2012 Mar;102 Suppl 1:e4-5
references.pmid: 22390579