title: Stable, water extractable isothiocyanates from Moringa oleifera leaves attenuate inflammation in vitro.
abstract: Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) is an edible plant used as both a food and medicine throughout the tropics. A moringa concentrate (MC), made by extracting fresh leaves with water, utilized naturally occurring myrosinase to convert four moringa glucosinolates into moringa isothiocyanates. Optimum conditions maximizing MC yield, 4-[(α-L-rhamnosyloxy)benzyl]isothiocyanate, and 4-[(4'-O-acetyl-α-L-rhamnosyloxy)benzyl]isothiocyanate content were established (1:5 fresh leaf weight to water ratio at room temperature). The optimized MC contained 1.66% isothiocyanates and 3.82% total polyphenols. 4-[(4'-O-acetyl-α-L-rhamnosyloxy)benzyl]isothiocyanate exhibited 80% stability at 37°C for 30 days. MC, and both of the isothiocyanates described above significantly decreased gene expression and production of inflammatory markers in RAW macrophages. Specifically, both attenuated expression of iNOS and IL-1β and production of nitric oxide and TNFα at 1 and 5 μM. These results suggest a potential for stable and concentrated moringa isothiocyanates, delivered in MC as a food-grade product, to alleviate low-grade inflammation associated with chronic diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biology & Pathology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA. Electronic address: waterman@aesop.rutgers.edu.
authors.forename: Carrie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Waterman
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biology & Pathology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
authors.forename: Diana M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biology & Pathology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
authors.forename: Patricio
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rojas-Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biology & Pathology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Poulev
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biology & Pathology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dreifus
authors.affiliation: Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA.
authors.forename: Mary Ann
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Lila
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biology & Pathology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
authors.forename: Ilya
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Raskin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D017879:Isothiocyanates / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D029588:Moringa oleifera; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D017879:Isothiocyanates; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014867:Water; C037152:isothiocyanic acid; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
keywords: 4-[(4′-O-acetyl-α-L-rhamnosyloxy)benzyl]isothiocyanate; 4-[(α-L-rhamnosyloxy)benzyl]isothiocyanate; Chronic inflammation; Isothiocyanates; Moringa oleifera; Moringaceae
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