title: Aerobic exercise training reduces arterial stiffness in metabolic syndrome.
abstract: The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with a threefold increase risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality partly due to increased arterial stiffening. We compared the effects of aerobic exercise training on arterial stiffening/mechanics in MetS subjects without overt CVD or type 2 diabetes. MetS and healthy control (Con) subjects underwent 8 wk of exercise training (ExT; 11 MetS and 11 Con) or remained inactive (11 MetS and 10 Con). The following measures were performed pre- and postintervention: radial pulse wave analysis (applanation tonometry) was used to measure augmentation pressure and index, central pressures, and an estimate of myocardial efficiency; arterial stiffness was assessed from carotid-femoral pulse-wave velocity (cfPWV, applanation tonometry); carotid thickness was assessed from B-mode ultrasound; and peak aerobic capacity (gas exchange) was performed in the seated position. Plasma matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and CVD risk (Framingham risk score) were also assessed. cfPWV was reduced (P < 0.05) in MetS-ExT subjects (7.9 ± 0.6 to 7.2 ± 0.4 m/s) and Con-ExT (6.6 ± 1.8 to 5.6 ± 1.6 m/s). Exercise training reduced (P < 0.05) central systolic pressure (116 ± 5 to 110 ± 4 mmHg), augmentation pressure (9 ± 1 to 7 ± 1 mmHg), augmentation index (19 ± 3 to 15 ± 4%), and improved myocardial efficiency (155 ± 8 to 168 ± 9), but only in the MetS group. Aerobic capacity increased (P < 0.05) in MetS-ExT (16.6 ± 1.0 to 19.9 ± 1.0) and Con-ExT subjects (23.8 ± 1.6 to 26.3 ± 1.6). MMP-1 and -7 were correlated with cfPWV, and both MMP-1 and -7 were reduced post-ExT in MetS subjects. These findings suggest that some of the pathophysiological changes associated with MetS can be improved after aerobic exercise training, thereby lowering their cardiovascular risk.
authors.affiliation: Division of Exercise Physiology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia;
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Donley
authors.affiliation: Division of Exercise Physiology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia; Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia; and.
authors.forename: Sara B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Fournier
authors.affiliation: Division of Exercise Physiology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia;
authors.forename: Brian L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Reger
authors.affiliation: Division of Exercise Physiology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia; Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia; and.
authors.forename: Evan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: DeVallance
authors.affiliation: Division of Exercise Physiology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia;
authors.forename: Daniel E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Bonner
authors.affiliation: Division of Exercise Physiology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia; Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia; and.
authors.forename: I Mark
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Olfert
authors.affiliation: Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia; and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia.
authors.forename: Jefferson C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Frisbee
authors.affiliation: Division of Exercise Physiology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia; Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia; and pchantler@hsc.wvu.edu.
authors.forename: Paul D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Chantler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D062186:Arterial Pressure; D001158:Arteries / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015444:Exercise; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D058729:Peripheral Arterial Disease / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D064797:Physical Conditioning, Human / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D059289:Vascular Stiffness
keywords: arterial stiffness; exercise training; metabolic syndrome
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