title: Eyelid apraxia associated with deep brain stimulation of the periaqueductal gray area.
abstract: We report a patient with eyelid apraxia following deep brain stimulation of the periaqueductal gray area. Based on the position of our electrode, we argue that the phenomenon is linked to inhibition of the nearby central caudal nucleus of the oculomotor nucleus by high frequency stimulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Service of Neurosurgery, Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare System, 11301 Wilshire Boulevard 10H2, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA. Electronic address: jlangevin@mednet.ucla.edu.
authors.forename: Jean-Philippe
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Langevin
authors.affiliation: The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK.
authors.forename: Nisaharan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Srikandarajah
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Service of Neurosurgery, Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare System, 11301 Wilshire Boulevard 10H2, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA.
authors.forename: Scott E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Krahl
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gorgulho
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Behnke
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Malkasian
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Antonio A F
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: DeSalles
mesh_terms: D001072:Apraxias / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000628:therapy; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005141:Eyelid Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D055111:Failed Back Surgery Syndrome / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010487:Periaqueductal Gray / Q000503:physiopathology*
keywords: Deep brain stimulation; Eyelid apraxia; Periaqueductal gray area