title: Wood and humus decay strategies by white-rot basidiomycetes correlate with two different dye decolorization and enzyme secretion patterns on agar plates.
abstract: During several forays for ligninolytic fungi in different Spanish native forests, 35 white-rot basidiomycetes growing on dead wood (16 species from 12 genera) and leaf litter (19 species from 10 genera) were selected for their ability to decolorize two recalcitrant aromatic dyes (Reactive Blue 38 and Reactive Black 5) added to malt extract agar medium. In this study, two dye decolorization patterns were observed and correlated with two ecophysiological groups (wood and humus white-rot basidiomycetes) and three taxonomical groups (orders Polyporales, Hymenochaetales and Agaricales). Depending on the above groups, different decolorization zones were observed on the dye-containing plates, being restricted to the colony area or extending to the surrounding medium, which suggested two different decay strategies. These two strategies were related to the ability to secrete peroxidases and laccases inside (white-rot wood Polyporales, Hymenochaetales and Agaricales) and outside (white-rot humus Agaricales) of the fungal colony, as revealed by enzymatic tests performed directly on the agar plates. Similar oxidoreductases production patterns were observed when fungi were grown in the absence of dyes, although the set of enzyme released was different. All these results suggest that the decolorization patterns observed could be related with the existence of two decay strategies developed by white-rot basidiomycetes adapted to wood and leaf litter decay in the field.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Alcalá, E-28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain. Electronic address: josem.barrasa@uah.es.
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Barrasa
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Alcalá, E-28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain.
authors.forename: María N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Blanco
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Alcalá, E-28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Esteve-Raventós
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Alcalá, E-28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Altés
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Alcalá, E-28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Checa
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Angel T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Dueñas
mesh_terms: D000362:Agar; D001487:Basidiomycota / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry; D004798:Enzymes / Q000378:metabolism*; D009282:Naphthalenesulfonates / Q000378:metabolism; D012987:Soil; D013030:Spain; D014934:Wood / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D003470:Culture Media; D004798:Enzymes; D009282:Naphthalenesulfonates; D012987:Soil; D000362:Agar; C063421:Remazol black B
keywords: Dye decolorization; Enzymatic activities; Leaf-litter decay; Ligninolytic fungi; White-rot basidiomycetes; Wood decay