title: The effect of high-fat--high-fructose diet on skeletal muscle mitochondrial energetics in adult rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effect of isoenergetic administration to adult rats of high-fat or high-fat--high-fructose diet for 2 weeks on skeletal muscle mitochondrial energetic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Body and skeletal muscle composition, energy balance, plasma lipid profile and glucose tolerance were measured, together with mitochondrial functionality, oxidative stress and antioxidant defense.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rats fed high-fat--high-fructose diet exhibited significantly higher plasma triglycerides and non-esterified fatty acids, together with significantly higher plasma glucose and insulin response to glucose load. Skeletal muscle triglycerides and ceramide were significantly higher in rats fed high-fat--high-fructose diet. Skeletal muscle mitochondrial energetic efficiency and uncoupling protein 3 content were significantly higher, while adenine nucleotide translocase content was significantly lower, in rats fed high-fat or high-fat--high-fructose diet.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that a high-fat--high-fructose diet even without hyperphagia is able to increase lipid flow to skeletal muscle and mitochondrial energetic efficiency, with two detrimental effects: (a) energy sparing that contributes to the early onset of obesity and (b) reduced oxidation of fatty acids and lipid accumulation in skeletal muscle, which could generate insulin resistance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Naples, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Edificio 7, Via Cinthia, 80126, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Raffaella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Crescenzo
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bianco
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Coppola
authors.forename: Arianna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mazzoli
authors.forename: Luisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cigliano
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liverini
authors.forename: Susanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iossa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002518:Ceramides / Q000378:metabolism; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002149:Energy Intake; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005632:Fructose / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006614:Hindlimb; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008931:Mitochondria, Muscle / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D000226:Mitochondrial ADP, ATP Translocases / Q000378:metabolism; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010085:Oxidative Phosphorylation; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D000071247:Uncoupling Protein 3; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D002518:Ceramides; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D007473:Ion Channels; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D014280:Triglycerides; C000604394:Ucp3 protein, rat; D000071247:Uncoupling Protein 3; D005632:Fructose; D000226:Mitochondrial ADP, ATP Translocases
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