title: Efficient Genome-Wide Detection and Cataloging of EMS-Induced Mutations Using Exome Capture and Next-Generation Sequencing.
abstract: Chemical mutagenesis efficiently generates phenotypic variation in otherwise homogeneous genetic backgrounds, enabling functional analysis of genes. Advances in mutation detection have brought the utility of induced mutant populations on par with those produced by insertional mutagenesis, but systematic cataloguing of mutations would further increase their utility. We examined the suitability of multiplexed global exome capture and sequencing coupled with custom-developed bioinformatics tools to identify mutations in well-characterized mutant populations of rice (Oryza sativa) and wheat (Triticum aestivum). In rice, we identified ∼18,000 induced mutations from 72 independent M2 individuals. Functional evaluation indicated the recovery of potentially deleterious mutations for >2600 genes. We further observed that specific sequence and cytosine methylation patterns surrounding the targeted guanine residues strongly affect their probability to be alkylated by ethyl methanesulfonate. Application of these methods to six independent M2 lines of tetraploid wheat demonstrated that our bioinformatics pipeline is applicable to polyploids. In conclusion, we provide a method for developing large-scale induced mutation resources with relatively small investments that is applicable to resource-poor organisms. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that large libraries of sequenced mutations can be readily generated, providing enhanced opportunities to study gene function and assess the effect of sequence and chromatin context on mutations.
authors.affiliation: Plant Biology Department and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616.
authors.forename: Isabelle M
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6796-1119
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Henry
authors.affiliation: Plant Biology Department and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616.
authors.forename: Ugrappa
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Nagalakshmi
authors.affiliation: Plant Biology Department and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616.
authors.forename: Meric C
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2239-6643
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Lieberman
authors.affiliation: Plant Biology Department and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616.
authors.forename: Kathie J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Ngo
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616.
authors.forename: Ksenia V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Krasileva
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616.
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vasquez-Gross
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66502 Integrated Genomics Facility, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66502.
authors.forename: Alina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Akhunova
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66502.
authors.forename: Eduard
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0416-5211
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Akhunov
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7571-4345
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dubcovsky
authors.affiliation: Crops Pathology and Genetics Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Davis, California, 95616.
authors.forename: Thomas H
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2347-3110
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Tai
authors.affiliation: Plant Biology Department and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616 lcomai@ucdavis.edu.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2642-6619
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Comai
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