title: Roles of the chemokine system in development of obesity, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular disease.
abstract: The escalating epidemic of obesity has increased the incidence of obesity-induced complications to historically high levels. Adipose tissue is a dynamic energy depot, which stores energy and mobilizes it during nutrient deficiency. Excess nutrient intake resulting in adipose tissue expansion triggers lipid release and aberrant adipokine, cytokine and chemokine production, and signaling that ultimately lead to adipose tissue inflammation, a hallmark of obesity. This low-grade chronic inflammation is thought to link obesity to insulin resistance and the associated comorbidities of metabolic syndrome such as dyslipidemia and hypertension, which increase risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. In this review, we focus on and discuss members of the chemokine system for which there is clear evidence of participation in the development of obesity and obesity-induced pathologies.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
authors.forename: Longbiao
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
authors.forename: Oana
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Herlea-Pana
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Heuser-Baker
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
authors.forename: Yitong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Barlic-Dicen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018925:Chemokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D009765:Obesity / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D018925:Chemokines; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine
references.citation: Mol Med. 2005 Jan-Dec;11(1-12):16-20
references.pmid: 16491201
references.citation: Circulation. 2011 Mar 8;123(9):989-98
references.pmid: 21339485
references.citation: J Exp Med. 1993 May 1;177(5):1421-7
references.pmid: 7683036
references.citation: Diabetes. 2010 Apr;59(4):916-25
references.pmid: 20103702
references.citation: J Exp Med. 1996 Sep 1;184(3):1101-9
references.pmid: 9064327
references.citation: Circulation. 2003 Feb 25;107(7):1009-16
references.pmid: 12600915
references.citation: Am J Pathol. 2006 Apr;168(4):1385-95
references.pmid: 16565511
references.citation: Cardiovasc Res. 2013 Mar 1;97(3):580-8
references.pmid: 23180724
references.citation: Atherosclerosis. 2003 Mar;167(1):25-32
references.pmid: 12618265
references.citation: Mol Cell. 1998 Aug;2(2):275-81
references.pmid: 9734366
references.citation: Circulation. 2003 Nov 18;108(20):2498-504
references.pmid: 14581400
references.citation: Nature. 1997 Feb 13;385(6617):640-4
references.pmid: 9024663
references.citation: Curr Opin Lipidol. 2010 Jun;21(3):172-7
references.pmid: 20410821
references.citation: J Clin Lipidol. 2013 Jul-Aug;7(4):304-83
references.pmid: 23890517
references.citation: Diabetes. 2012 Jul;61(7):1680-90
references.pmid: 22474027
references.citation: Nutr Res Rev. 2010 Dec;23(2):270-99
references.pmid: 20977819
references.citation: Biochem J. 2013 Jul 15;453(2):167-78
references.pmid: 23805974
references.citation: Circ Res. 2008 Feb 1;102(2):209-17
references.pmid: 17991882
references.citation: J Clin Invest. 1991 Oct;88(4):1121-7
references.pmid: 1843454
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 1997 Jun 6;272(23):15036-42
references.pmid: 9169480
references.citation: Genes Immun. 2001 Jun;2(4):191-5
references.pmid: 11477473
references.citation: J Clin Invest. 2003 Apr;111(8):1241-50
references.pmid: 12697743
references.citation: Nature. 1998 Aug 27;394(6696):894-7
references.pmid: 9732872
references.citation: Circulation. 2008 Apr 1;117(13):1649-57
references.pmid: 18347211
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Mar 7;103(10):3781-6
references.pmid: 16537455
references.citation: Endocrinology. 2013 Sep;154(9):2992-3000
references.pmid: 23782940
references.citation: Am J Cardiol. 2005 Sep 5;96(5A):24F-33F
references.pmid: 16126020
references.citation: Semin Immunopathol. 2009 Jun;31(1):5-22
references.pmid: 19449008
references.citation: Atherosclerosis. 2005 Nov;183(1):121-9
references.pmid: 15899487
references.citation: Diabetes. 2012 Feb;61(2):346-54
references.pmid: 22190646
references.citation: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2011 Nov;31(11):2733-41
references.pmid: 21852561
references.citation: Cell. 2013 Apr 11;153(2):413-25
references.pmid: 23582329
references.citation: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011 Jun 21;57(25):2461-73
references.pmid: 21679848
references.citation: Eur Heart J. 2004 Aug;25(16):1438-46
references.pmid: 15302103
references.citation: Cell Metab. 2009 Apr;9(4):339-49
references.pmid: 19356715
references.citation: Circ Res. 2011 Aug 5;109(4):374-81
references.pmid: 21680896
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Apr 26;108(17):7166-71
references.pmid: 21482781
references.citation: Curr Drug Targets. 2007 Nov;8(11):1161-71
references.pmid: 18045094
references.citation: J Atheroscler Thromb. 2011;18(5):351-8
references.pmid: 21427505
references.citation: Atherosclerosis. 2009 Nov;207(1):8-15
references.pmid: 19439304
references.citation: Stem Cells. 2012 Dec;30(12):2720-31
references.pmid: 23081735
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Dec 21;101(51):17795-800
references.pmid: 15596719
references.citation: Semin Immunopathol. 2014 Jan;36(1):13-25
references.pmid: 24212254
references.citation: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008 Dec;28(12):2195-201
references.pmid: 18818420
references.citation: Diabetes. 2008 May;57(5):1254-61
references.pmid: 18268047
references.citation: Nature. 1998 Jun 11;393(6685):591-4
references.pmid: 9634237
references.citation: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2001 Jun;21(6):923-9
references.pmid: 11397698
references.citation: Vascul Pharmacol. 2010 Jan-Feb;52(1-2):27-36
references.pmid: 20026286
references.citation: J Endocrinol. 2014 Jan 08;220(2):T1-T23
references.pmid: 24281010
references.citation: Nature. 1998 Jun 11;393(6685):595-9
references.pmid: 9634238
references.citation: Circulation. 2003 Mar 11;107(9):1315-21
references.pmid: 12628954
references.citation: J Vasc Res. 2000 Mar-Apr;37(2):93-102
references.pmid: 10754394
references.citation: Circulation. 2006 May 16;113(19):2301-12
references.pmid: 16682613
references.citation: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007 Feb;27(2):373-9
references.pmid: 17138939
references.citation: Diabetes. 2011 Nov;60(11):2820-9
references.pmid: 21926275
references.citation: Nature. 1996 Aug 15;382(6592):635-8
references.pmid: 8757135
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2007 Jun 29;282(26):19167-76
references.pmid: 17456471
references.citation: Blood. 2001 Feb 15;97(4):1144-6
references.pmid: 11159551
references.citation: Atherosclerosis. 2001 Sep;158(1):233-9
references.pmid: 11500196
references.citation: Circ J. 2010 May;74(5):818-26
references.pmid: 20424337
references.citation: J Clin Invest. 2011 Jul;121(7):2898-910
references.pmid: 21633167
references.citation: J Atheroscler Thromb. 2010 Mar 31;17(3):219-28
references.pmid: 20179360
references.citation: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007 Mar;27(3):614-20
references.pmid: 17170367
references.citation: Immunol Res. 2000;21(2-3):129-37
references.pmid: 10852110
references.citation: Thromb Haemost. 2013 Dec;110(6):1267-77
references.pmid: 24114205
references.citation: Atherosclerosis. 2011 Nov;219(1):92-9
references.pmid: 21855069
references.citation: Nature. 2011 May 19;473(7347):317-25
references.pmid: 21593864
references.citation: J Heart Lung Transplant. 1996 Dec;15(12):1194-9
references.pmid: 8981204
references.citation: Diabetes. 2007 Sep;56(9):2242-50
references.pmid: 17473219
references.citation: Am J Med Sci. 2002 Jan;323(1):3-10
references.pmid: 11814139
references.citation: J Clin Invest. 2010 Dec;120(12):4415-24
references.pmid: 21041949
references.citation: J Clin Invest. 2006 Jun;116(6):1494-505
references.pmid: 16691291
references.citation: J Clin Invest. 2011 Jul;121(7):2921-31
references.pmid: 21646721
references.citation: Exp Mol Pathol. 2007 Jun;82(3):245-55
references.pmid: 17222820
references.citation: J Clin Invest. 2007 Jan;117(1):185-94
references.pmid: 17200718
references.citation: Pharmacol Rev. 2013 Nov 11;66(1):1-79
references.pmid: 24218476
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Aug 4;95(16):9448-53
references.pmid: 9689100
references.citation: Nature. 2006 Dec 14;444(7121):847-53
references.pmid: 17167472
references.citation: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008 Aug;93(8):3215-21
references.pmid: 18492752
references.citation: J Clin Invest. 2011 May;121(5):2025-36
references.pmid: 21505265
references.citation: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2013 Oct 1;305(7):E897-906
references.pmid: 23941876
references.citation: J Exp Med. 1998 Feb 16;187(4):601-8
references.pmid: 9463410
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2007 Oct 19;282(42):30794-803
references.pmid: 17724031
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2006 Sep 8;281(36):26602-14
references.pmid: 16809344
references.citation: Curr Opin Lipidol. 2012 Oct;23(5):471-8
references.pmid: 22892903
references.citation: Mol Immunol. 2005 May;42(7):799-809
references.pmid: 15829268
references.citation: Blood Rev. 2012 Nov;26(6):267-78
references.pmid: 23068307
references.citation: Annu Rev Nutr. 2012 Aug 21;32:261-86
references.pmid: 22404118
references.citation: Thromb Haemost. 2005 Dec;94(6):1251-6
references.pmid: 16411402
references.citation: Circulation. 2007 Oct 16;116(16):1812-20
references.pmid: 17893273
references.citation: Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther. 2008 Mar;6(3):343-68
references.pmid: 18327995
references.citation: Circulation. 2002 Jul 2;106(1):36-42
references.pmid: 12093767
references.citation: Circulation. 2005 Aug 23;112(8):1113-20
references.pmid: 16116069
references.citation: Circulation. 2006 Aug 22;114(8):807-19
references.pmid: 16908772
references.citation: Atherosclerosis. 2003 Feb;166(2):339-43
references.pmid: 12535747
references.citation: Circ Res. 2004 Feb 6;94(2):253-61
references.pmid: 14656931
references.citation: Thromb Res. 2007;121(3):387-95
references.pmid: 17521710
references.citation: Circ Res. 2001 Aug 31;89(5):401-7
references.pmid: 11532900
references.citation: Nat Rev Immunol. 2011 Oct 10;11(11):738-49
references.pmid: 21984069
references.citation: J Clin Invest. 1998 Jan 15;101(2):353-63
references.pmid: 9435307
references.citation: J Clin Invest. 2006 Jan;116(1):115-24
references.pmid: 16341265
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2009 Jul 31;284(31):20692-8
references.pmid: 19494115