title: Clarifying concepts of food parenting practices. A Delphi study with an application to snacking behavior.
abstract: Inconsistencies in measurements of food parenting practices continue to exist. Fundamental to this problem is the lack of clarity about what is understood by different concepts of food parenting practices. The purpose of this study was to clarify food parenting practice concepts related to snacking. A three round Delphi study among an international group of experts (n = 63) was conducted. In the first round, an open-ended survey was used to collect food parenting practice descriptions and concept labels associated with those practices. In the second round, participants were asked to match up descriptions with the appropriate concept labels. The third and final round allowed participants to reconsider how descriptions and concept labels were matched, taking into account the opinions expressed in round two. Round one produced 408 descriptions of food parenting practices and 110 different concept names. Round two started with 116 descriptions of food parenting practices and 20 concept names. On 40 descriptions, consensus regarding the underlying concept name was reached in round two. Of the remaining 76 descriptions, consensus on 47 descriptions regarding the underlying concept name was reached in round three. The present study supports the essential process of consensus development with respect to food parenting practices concepts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Promotion, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, P.O. Box 616 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands. Electronic address: dorus.gevers@maastrichtuniversity.nl.
authors.forename: D W M
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Gevers
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Promotion, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, P.O. Box 616 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: S P J
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Kremers
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Promotion, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, P.O. Box 616 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Health Promotion, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, P.O. Box 616 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: N K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: de Vries
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Promotion, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, P.O. Box 616 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: van Assema
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D003697:Delphi Technique; D004032:Diet; D006801:Humans; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D016487:Parenting; D062410:Snacks
keywords: Children; Delphi study; Food parenting practices; Snacking