title: Biotin and carnitine deficiency due to hypoallergenic formula nutrition in infants with milk allergy.
abstract: Amino acid formulas and hydrolyzed formulas given to infants in Japan with milk allergies theoretically contain little, if any, biotin and carnitine. We assessed biotin and carnitine insufficiency in six infants with milk allergy who were fed amino acid formulas and/or hydrolyzed formulas, by measuring urine 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid (3-HIA) and serum free carnitine (C0), respectively. All patients presented with elevated urine 3-HIA and lowered serum C0 compared with post-menstrual age-matched infants who were fed breast milk or standard infant formulas. Supplementation with biotin and L-carnitine immediately improved the insufficiency. Care should be taken to avoid biotin and carnitine deficiency in allergic infants fed amino acid or hydrolyzed formulas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Yoshida-gun, Japan.
authors.forename: Hisako
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Shuko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tokuriki
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okuno
authors.forename: Yosuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shigematsu
authors.forename: Akiba
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yasushi
authors.forename: Go
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Matsuyama
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sawada
authors.forename: Yusei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohshima
mesh_terms: D001710:Biotin / Q000172:deficiency*; D002331:Carnitine / Q000172:deficiency*; D003677:Deficiency Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D041943:Infant Formula; D008297:Male; D016269:Milk Hypersensitivity / Q000178:diet therapy
chemical_list: D001710:Biotin; D002331:Carnitine
keywords: amino acid formula; biotin deficiency; carnitine deficiency; hydrolyzed formula; milk allergy