title: Anti-inflammatory effects of an ethanolic extract of guava (Psidium guajava L.) leaves in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: Plant extracts have been used as a source of medicines for a wide variety of human ailments. Among the numerous traditional medicinal herbs, Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae), commonly known as guava, has long been used in folk medicines as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of numerous diseases in East Asian and other countries. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of an ethanolic leaf extract of P. guajava (guava) in vitro and in vivo. Our results demonstrated that guava leaf extract (GLE) significantly inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 in a dose-dependent manner. GLE suppressed the expression and activity of both inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in part through the downregulation of ERK1/2 activation in RAW264.7 macrophages. Furthermore, GLE exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity in 2 different animal models-Freund's complete adjuvant-induced hyperalgesia in the rat and LPS-induced endotoxic shock in mice.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Food Analysis & Standardization, Korea Food Research Institute , Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
authors.forename: Mi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Seung-Weon
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Somi K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Kwang Seok
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Jong Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Deok Chun
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Jong-Chan
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005620:Freund's Adjuvant; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018515:Plant Leaves; D031647:Psidium; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D005620:Freund's Adjuvant; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D015232:Dinoprostone
keywords: cyclooxygenase-2; health functional food; inflammation; nitric oxide; signaling