title: Effect of antipsychotic medication on overall life satisfaction among individuals with chronic schizophrenia: findings from the NIMH CATIE study.
abstract: The field of schizophrenia is redefining optimal outcome, moving beyond clinical remission to a more comprehensive model including functional recovery and improved subjective well-being. Although numerous studies have evaluated subjective outcomes within the domain of subjective quality of life in patients with schizophrenia, less is known about global evaluations of subjective well-being. This study examined the effects of antipsychotic medication on overall life satisfaction in patients with chronic schizophrenia. Data were drawn from the Clinical Antipsychotic Trial of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) study, where participants with a DSM-IV diagnosis of schizophrenia were randomized to receive olanzapine, perphenazine, quetiapine, risperidone or ziprasidone under double-blind conditions (N=753). The primary outcome measure was prospective change in subjectively evaluated overall life satisfaction scores following 12 months of antipsychotic treatment. Psychopathology, medication side effects and functional status were also evaluated, among other variables. Patients experienced modest improvements in overall life satisfaction (d=0.22, p<0.001), with no differences between antipsychotic medications (all tests, p>0.05). Change in severity of positive, negative, and depressive symptoms as well as functional status each demonstrated a small, albeit statistically significant, association with change in life satisfaction (r=0.10-0.21, p׳s<0.01). In a multivariate regression model, change in clinical symptoms and functional status had limited independent predictive value for change in life satisfaction scores (explained variance <3%). These data suggest that despite antipsychotic medications being effective for symptom-based psychopathology, such clinical effectiveness does not necessarily translate to improved general satisfaction with life. Clinicians should be aware that these two domains are not inextricably linked.
authors.affiliation: Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. Electronic address: gagan.fervaha@utoronto.ca.
authors.forename: Gagan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fervaha
authors.affiliation: Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Ofer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Agid
authors.affiliation: Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Hiroyoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.affiliation: Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Foussias
authors.affiliation: Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Remington
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009315:National Institute of Mental Health (U.S.); D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents
keywords: Antipsychotic treatment; Life satisfaction; Outcome; Quality of life; Schizophrenia; Well-being