title: Trans-scrotal varicocelectomy in adolescents: clinical and surgical outcomes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The gold standard to treat varicocele in adolescents is still under discussion. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of trans-scrotal varicocelectomy and show the results obtained by using local anesthesia in combination with preoperative sedation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 2010 and January 2012, this surgical and anesthesiology procedure was proposed to study patients. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were created. Patients received trans-scrotal varicocelectomy with lymphatic and artery sparing technique under local anesthesia with mild sedation anesthesia. Patients were followed for 6 months after surgery, and complications were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighteen patients were treated with this technique. Three patients required additional sedation with propofol. None had recurrence of varicocele, and one patient showed post-operative hydrocele. All patients were discharged within 24h following surgery. Three patients used ibuprofen and paracetamol for two days after surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Local anesthesia in the pediatric age group could be used for varicocelectomy with mild sedation anesthesia.
authors.affiliation: Casa di Cura "San Francesco" Hospital, Department of Surgery, via monte Ortigara 21/b, 37100, Verona, Italy. Electronic address: dr.zampieri@libero.it.
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zampieri
authors.affiliation: Casa di Cura "San Francesco" Hospital, Department of Surgery, via monte Ortigara 21/b, 37100, Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: Gianfranco
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zampieri
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology; Policlinico "G.B.Rossi", piazzale Scuro n. 1-Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: Lucio
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Antonello
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Sciences, Pediatric Surgical Unit, Policlinico "G.B.Rossi", piazzale Scuron. 1-Verona University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco Saverio
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Camoglio
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000577:Amides; D000772:Anesthesia, Local; D016292:Procedural Sedation; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008012:Lidocaine; D008297:Male; D008874:Midazolam; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D015742:Propofol; D000077212:Ropivacaine; D012611:Scrotum / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D013521:Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male / Q000379:methods*; D014646:Varicocele / Q000601:surgery*; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D000077212:Ropivacaine; D008012:Lidocaine; D008874:Midazolam; D015742:Propofol
keywords: Adolescents; Local anesthesia; Scrotal; Varicocele