title: Fracture toughness of titanium-cement interfaces: effects of fibers and loading angles.
abstract: Ideal implant-cement or implant-bone interfaces are required for implant fixation and the filling of tissue defects created by disease. Micron- to nanosize osseointegrated features, such as surface roughness, fibers, porosity, and particles, have been fused with implants for improving the osseointegration of an implant with the host tissue in orthopedics and dentistry. The effects of fibers and loading angles on the interface fracture toughness of implant-cement specimens with and without fibers at the interface are not yet known. Such studies are important for the design of a long-lasting implant for orthopedic applications. The goal of this study was to improve the fracture toughness of an implant-cement interface by deposition of micron- to nanosize fibers on an implant surface. There were two objectives in the study: 1) to evaluate the influence of fibers on the fracture toughness of implant-cement interfaces with and without fibers at the interfaces, and 2) to evaluate the influence of loading angles on implant-cement interfaces with and without fibers at the interfaces. This study used titanium as the implant, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as cement, and polycaprolactone (PCL) as fiber materials. An electrospinning unit was fabricated for the deposition of PCL unidirectional fibers on titanium (Ti) plates. The Evex tensile test stage was used to determine the interface fracture toughness (KC) of Ti-PMMA with and without PCL fibers at 0°, 45°, and 90° loading angles, referred to in this article as tension, mixed, and shear tests. The study did not find any significant interaction between fiber and loading angles (P>0.05), although there was a significant difference in the KC means of Ti-PMMA samples for the loading angles (P<0.05). The study also found a significant difference in the KC means of Ti-PMMA samples with and without fibers (P<0.05). The results showed that the addition of the micron- to nanosize PCL fibers on Ti improved the quality of the Ti-PMMA union. The results of the study are essential for fatigue testing and finite-element analysis of implant-cement interfaces to evaluate the performance of orthopedic and orthodontic implants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Engineering and Physics, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK, USA.
authors.forename: Morshed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khandaker
authors.affiliation: Department of Engineering and Physics, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK, USA.
authors.forename: Khatri Chhetri
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Utsaha
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK, USA.
authors.forename: Tracy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Morris
mesh_terms: D000268:Adhesiveness; D000497:Alloys; D016880:Anisotropy; D001843:Bone Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D045424:Complex Mixtures / Q000737:chemistry; D019245:Compressive Strength; D006244:Hardness; D008422:Materials Testing; D057139:Nanofibers / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011091:Polyesters / Q000737:chemistry*; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry*; D013499:Surface Properties; D013718:Tensile Strength; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D001843:Bone Cements; D045424:Complex Mixtures; D011091:Polyesters; C031462:titanium alloy (TiAl6V4); C016240:polycaprolactone; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate; D014025:Titanium
keywords: PMMA; cement; fracture toughness; interface; orthodontics; orthopedics; polycaprolactone; titanium
references.citation: J Orthop Res. 2001 Nov;19(6):1153-61
references.pmid: 11781018
references.citation: Biomed Mater Eng. 2008;18(6):367-75
references.pmid: 19197113
references.citation: J Dent. 1997 Nov;25(6):435-40
references.pmid: 9604575
references.citation: Biomaterials. 2004 Sep;25(20):4929-34
references.pmid: 15109853
references.citation: J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2010 Jul;3(5):392-8
references.pmid: 20416553
references.citation: Adv Mater Sci Appl. 2012 Dec 1;1(1):1-8
references.pmid: 24761427
references.citation: J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2000 Mar;82(2):297-303
references.pmid: 10755444
references.citation: J Biomed Mater Res. 2000;53(6):664-72
references.pmid: 11074425
references.citation: J Biomech. 2013 Mar 15;46(5):1035-9
references.pmid: 23332232
references.citation: J Neural Eng. 2009 Feb;6(1):016001
references.pmid: 19104139
references.citation: J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2006 Jan;88(1):120-2
references.pmid: 16365134
references.citation: Biomaterials. 2003 Aug;24(17):2933-40
references.pmid: 12742733
references.citation: J Biomech Eng. 1996 Nov;118(4):579-85
references.pmid: 8950663
references.citation: J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2008 Feb;90 Suppl 1:128-31
references.pmid: 18292367
references.citation: J Biomech. 2011 Feb 24;44(4):780-3
references.pmid: 21074772
references.citation: Int J Nanomedicine. 2008;3(1):125-32
references.pmid: 18488423
references.citation: Biomaterials. 2005 Jun;26(18):3929-39
references.pmid: 15626440