title: Expression of stanniocalcin-1 and stanniocalcin-2 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and correlations with clinical and pathological parameters.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Stanniocalcin-1 (STC1) and stanniocalcin-2 (STC2) are secreted glycoprotein hormones involved in various types of human malignancies. The roles of STC1 and STC2 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) remain unknown. We investigated correlations between STC1 and STC2 expression and clinicopathological or prognostic factors in LSCC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pre-surgical peripheral blood samples were collected between 2012 and 2013 from 62 patients with LSCC. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis was performed to examine mRNA levels of STC1 and STC2. Immunohistochemistry was performed to retrospectively analyze 90 paraffin-embedded LSCC tissue samples, which were obtained from patients who received surgery between 2006 and 2009. These patients did not have histories of treatment or malignancies. Univariate analysis of patient survival was performed by the Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariate analyses were performed with the Cox proportional hazards model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The relative mRNA levels of STC1 and STC2 in peripheral blood were significantly greater in LSCC patients than those of healthy volunteers (both P<0.05). STC2 protein expression in tumor tissues was associated with invasion into the thyroid cartilage, T-Stage, lymphatic metastasis, clinical stage, and pathological differentiation (all P<0.05). In addition, STC2 protein expression was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival in patients with LSCC (P = 0.025). In contrast, STC1 expression only correlated with clinical stage (P = 0.026) and was not an independent or significant prognostic factor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Circulating STC1 and STC2 mRNA are potentially useful blood markers for LSCC. Our results strongly suggest that the STC2 protein, but not STC1, may be a valuable biomarker for LSCC malignancies and a prognostic marker for poor outcome following surgery. Future studies should examine STC2 as a novel molecular target for the treatment of LSCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Han
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Ying-Ying
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Wei-Qiang
authors.initials: WQ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Wei-Ming
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Wei-Da
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Dong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D006023:Glycoproteins; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C114997:STC2 protein, human; C051795:teleocalcin
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