title: Behavior of oxyfluorfen in soils amended with different sources of organic matter. Effects on soil biology.
abstract: We performed a laboratory study on the effect of oxyfluorfen at a rate of 4lha(-1) on biological properties of a soil amended with four organic wastes (two biostimulants/biofertilizers, obtained from rice bran, RB1 and RB2; municipal solid waste, MSW; and sheep manure, SM). Soil was mixed with SM at a rate of 1%, MSW at a rate of 0.52%, RB1 at a rate of 0.39% and RB2 at a rate of 0.30%, in order to apply the same amount of organic matter to the soil. The enzymatic activities and microbial community in the soil were determined during the incubation times. The application of RB1 and RB2 to soil without oxyfluorfen increased the enzymatic activities and biodiversity, peaking at day 10 of the incubation period. This stimulation was higher in the soil amended with RB2 than in that amended with RB1. In SM and CF-amended soils, the stimulation of enzymatic activities and soil biodiversity increased during the experiment. The application of herbicide in organic-amended soils decreased the inhibition of soil enzymatic activities and soil biodiversity. Possibly the low molecular weight protein content easily assimilated by soil microorganisms and the higher fat content in the biostimulants/biofertilizers are responsible for the lower inhibition of these soil biological properties.
authors.affiliation: Grupo de investigación "Edafología ambiental", Departamento de Cristalografía, Mineralogía y Química Agrícola, E.T.S.I.A. Universidad de Sevilla, Crta de Utrera km. 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
authors.forename: Isidoro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gómez
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Prof. García González 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Morgado
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Prof. García González 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Parrado
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Conservación de Suelos y Agua y Manejo de Residuos Orgánicos, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CEBAS-CSIC, PO Box 4195, 30080 Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: García
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Conservación de Suelos y Agua y Manejo de Residuos Orgánicos, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CEBAS-CSIC, PO Box 4195, 30080 Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hernández
authors.affiliation: Grupo de investigación "Edafología ambiental", Departamento de Cristalografía, Mineralogía y Química Agrícola, E.T.S.I.A. Universidad de Sevilla, Crta de Utrera km. 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain. Electronic address: mtmoral@us.es.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tejada
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D006540:Herbicides / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D008372:Manure; D012275:Oryza; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D011506:Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012756:Sheep; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D062611:Solid Waste; D014510:Urease / Q000378:metabolism; D001617:beta-Glucosidase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D006540:Herbicides; D008372:Manure; D011506:Proteins; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D062611:Solid Waste; C016027:oxyfluorofen; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; D001617:beta-Glucosidase; D014510:Urease
keywords: Biofertilizer/biostimulant; Municipal solid waste; Oxyfluorfen; Sheep manure; Soil enzymatic activities; Soil microbial community