title: Molecular characteristics and anti-inflammatory activity of the fucoidan extracted from Ecklonia cava.
abstract: Enzymatic extraction has been successfully used for extracting numerous biologically active compounds from a wide variety of seaweeds. In this study, we found that enzymatic extraction of the fucoidan from Ecklonia cava may be more advantageous than water extraction. Therefore, we studied the E. cava fucoidans extracted by the enzymatic extraction technique and used ion-exchange chromatography to determine their molecular characteristics and anti-inflammatory activities. The crude and fractionated fucoidans (F1, F2, and F3) consisted mostly of carbohydrates (47.1-57.1%), uronic acids (9.0-15.8%), and sulfates (16.5-39.1%), as well as varying levels of proteins (1.3-8.7%). The monosaccharide levels significantly differed, and the composition included fucose (53.1-77.9%) and galactose (10.1-32.8%), with a small amount of rhamnose (2.3-4.5%), xylose (4.0-8.2%), and glucose (0.8-2.2%). These fucoidans contained one or two subfractions with an average molecular weight (Mw) ranging from 18 to 359×10(3)g/mol. These fucoidans significantly inhibited NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced Raw 264.7 macrophage cells by down-regulating the expression of iNOS, COX-2, and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. Thus, the present results suggest that E. cava fucoidan may be a potentially useful therapeutic approach for various inflammatory diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seung-Hong
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Chang-Ik
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Molecular Pathology and Therapeutics, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
authors.forename: Ginnae
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 210-702, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: SangGuan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: You
authors.affiliation: Department of Seafood Science and Technology/Institute of Marine Industry, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 650-160, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jin-Soo
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition/Institute of Marine Industry, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Min Soo
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Heu
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jaeil
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine and Applied Radiological Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Youngheun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jee
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea; Marine and Environmental Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 695-814, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: You-Jin
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Jeon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008970:Molecular Weight; D009005:Monosaccharides / Q000032:analysis; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000235:genetics; D000459:Phaeophyceae; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013431:Sulfates / Q000032:analysis; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D009005:Monosaccharides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011134:Polysaccharides; D013431:Sulfates; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C007789:fucoidan; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse; C077623:Ptgs2 protein, mouse; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2