title: Orchestration of an uncommon maturation cascade of the house dust mite protease allergen quartet.
abstract: In more than 20% of the world population, sensitization to house dust mite allergens triggers typical allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis and asthma. Amongst the 23 mite allergen groups hitherto identified, group 1 is cysteine proteases belonging to the papain-like family whereas groups 3, 6, and 9 are serine proteases displaying trypsin, chymotrypsin, and collagenolytic activities, respectively. While these proteases are more likely to be involved in the mite digestive system, they also play critical roles in the initiation and in the chronicity of the allergic response notably through the activation of innate immune pathways. All these allergenic proteases are expressed in mite as inactive precursor form. Until recently, the exact mechanisms of their maturation into active proteases remained to be fully elucidated. Recent breakthroughs in the understanding of the activation mechanisms of mite allergenic protease precursors have highlighted an uncommon and unique maturation pathway orchestrated by group 1 proteases that tightly regulates the proteolytic activities of groups 1, 3, 6, and 9 through complex intra- or inter-molecular mechanisms. This review presents and discusses the currently available knowledge of the activation mechanisms of group 1, 3, 6, and 9 allergens of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus laying special emphasis on their localization, regulation, and interconnection.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Retrovirology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Centre de Recherche Public Santé , Luxembourg , Luxembourg ; Macromolécules Biologiques, Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Protein Engineering, University of Liège , Liège , Belgium.
authors.forename: Marie-Eve
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Dumez
authors.affiliation: Macromolécules Biologiques, Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Protein Engineering, University of Liège , Liège , Belgium.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Herman
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Retrovirology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Centre de Recherche Public Santé , Luxembourg , Luxembourg ; Macromolécules Biologiques, Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Protein Engineering, University of Liège , Liège , Belgium.
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Campizi
authors.affiliation: Macromolécules Biologiques, Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Protein Engineering, University of Liège , Liège , Belgium.
authors.forename: Moreno
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Galleni
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok , Thailand.
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jacquet
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Retrovirology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Centre de Recherche Public Santé , Luxembourg , Luxembourg.
authors.forename: Andy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chevigné
keywords: Der p 1; activation cascade; allergen; interaction; localization; mite; proteases
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