title: Hemocompatibility and Hemodynamics of Novel Hyaluronan-Polyethylene Materials for Flexible Heart Valve Leaflets.
abstract: Polymeric heart valves (PHVs) hold the promise to be more durable than bioprosthetic heart valves and less thrombogenic than mechanical heart valves. We introduce a new framework to manufacture hemocompatible polymeric leaflets for HV (PHV) applications using a novel material comprised of interpenetrating networks (IPNs) of hyaluronan (HA) and linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE). We establish and characterize the feasibility of the material as a substitute leaflet material through basic hemodynamic measurements in a trileaflet configuration, in addition to demonstrating superior platelet response and clotting characteristics. Plain LLDPE sheets were swollen in a solution of silylated-HA, the silylated-HA was then crosslinked to itself before it was reverted back to native HAviahydrolysis. Leaflets were characterized with respect to (1) bending stiffness, (2) hydrophilicity, (3) whole blood clotting, and (4) cell (platelet and leukocyte) adhesion under static conditions using fresh human blood.In vitrohemodynamic testing of prototype HA/LLDPE IPN PHVs was used to assess feasibility as functional HVs. Bending stiffness was not significantly different from natural fresh leaflets. HA/LLDPE IPNs were more hydrophilic than LLDPE controls. HA/LLDPE IPNs caused less whole blood clotting and reduced cell adhesion compared to the plain LLDPE control. Prototype PHVs made with HA/LLDPE IPNs demonstrated an acceptable regurgitation fraction of 4.77 ± 0.42%, and effective orifice area in the range 2.34 ± 0.5 cm2. These results demonstrate strong potential for IPNs between HA and polymers as future hemocompatible HV leaflets. Further studies are necessary to assess durability and calcification resistance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA ; School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Prawel
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Harold
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dean
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Marcio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Forleo
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Justin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gangwish
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA ; School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Ketul C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Popat
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA ; School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Lakshmi Prasad
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Dasi
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA ; School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Susan P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: James
keywords: Bending stiffness; Blood-contacting materials; Hemocompatible; Hemodynamics; Interpenetrating polymer network; Platelet; Thrombus
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