title: Thyroglobulin measurement using highly sensitive assays in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer: a clinical position paper.
abstract: Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is the most common endocrine cancer and its incidence has increased in recent decades. Initial treatment usually consists of total thyroidectomy followed by ablation of thyroid remnants by iodine-131. As thyroid cells are assumed to be the only source of thyroglobulin (Tg) in the human body, circulating Tg serves as a biochemical marker of persistent or recurrent disease in DTC follow-up. Currently, standard follow-up for DTC comprises Tg measurement and neck ultrasound combined, when indicated, with an additional radioiodine scan. Measurement of Tg after stimulation by endogenous or exogenous TSH is recommended by current clinical guidelines to detect occult disease with a maximum sensitivity due to the suboptimal sensitivity of older Tg assays. However, the development of new highly sensitive Tg assays with improved analytical sensitivity and precision at low concentrations now allows detection of very low Tg concentrations reflecting minimal amounts of thyroid tissue without the need for TSH stimulation. Use of these highly sensitive Tg assays has not yet been incorporated into clinical guidelines but they will, we believe, be used by physicians caring for patients with DTC. The aim of this clinical position paper is, therefore, to offer advice on the various aspects and implications of using these highly sensitive Tg assays in the clinical care of patients with DTC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear MedicinePET Centre and Thyroid Unit, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, SwitzerlandClinical Laboratory ServicesQueen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UKDepartment of Internal Medicine and EndocrinologyFondazione Salvatore Maugeri IRCCS, University of Pavia Hospital, 27100 Pavia, ItalyEndocrine UnitEvgenidion Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, GreeceDepartment of EndocrinologyUniversity Hospital Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of EndocrinologyRigshospitalet, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, DenmarkDepartment of Nuclear MedicinePitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, FranceDepartment of Nuclear MedicineUniversity Hospital Marburg, Marburg, GermanyDivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandDivision of Specific EndocrinologyUniversity Hospital Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, GermanyDepartment of Nuclear Medicine - Radioisotopic Therapy and Endocrinology UnitInstituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, ItalySelf-Help Organization of Thyroid Cancer Patients 'Ohne Schilddrüse leben e.V.'Berlin, GermanyDepartment of EndocrinologyUniversity Medical Center St Radboud, Nijmegen, The NetherlandsDepartment of Nuclear MedicineRWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany luca.giovanella@eoc.ch.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Giovanella
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear MedicinePET Centre and Thyroid Unit, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, SwitzerlandClinical Laboratory ServicesQueen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UKDepartment of Internal Medicine and EndocrinologyFondazione Salvatore Maugeri IRCCS, University of Pavia Hospital, 27100 Pavia, ItalyEndocrine UnitEvgenidion Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, GreeceDepartment of EndocrinologyUniversity Hospital Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of EndocrinologyRigshospitalet, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, DenmarkDepartment of Nuclear MedicinePitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, FranceDepartment of Nuclear MedicineUniversity Hospital Marburg, Marburg, GermanyDivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandDivision of Specific EndocrinologyUniversity Hospital Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, GermanyDepartment of Nuclear Medicine - Radioisotopic Therapy and Endocrinology UnitInstituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, ItalySelf-Help Organization of Thyroid Cancer Patients 'Ohne Schilddrüse leben e.V.'Berlin, GermanyDepartment of EndocrinologyUniversity Medical Center St Radboud, Nijmegen, The NetherlandsDepartment of Nuclear MedicineRWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Penelope M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear MedicinePET Centre and Thyroid Unit, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, SwitzerlandClinical Laboratory ServicesQueen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UKDepartment of Internal Medicine and EndocrinologyFondazione Salvatore Maugeri IRCCS, University of Pavia Hospital, 27100 Pavia, ItalyEndocrine UnitEvgenidion Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, GreeceDepartment of EndocrinologyUniversity Hospital Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of EndocrinologyRigshospitalet, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, DenmarkDepartment of Nuclear MedicinePitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, FranceDepartment of Nuclear MedicineUniversity Hospital Marburg, Marburg, GermanyDivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandDivision of Specific EndocrinologyUniversity Hospital Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, GermanyDepartment of Nuclear Medicine - Radioisotopic Therapy and Endocrinology UnitInstituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, ItalySelf-Help Organization of Thyroid Cancer Patients 'Ohne Schilddrüse leben e.V.'Berlin, GermanyDepartment of EndocrinologyUniversity Medical Center St Radboud, Nijmegen, The NetherlandsDepartment of Nuclear MedicineRWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chiovato
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear MedicinePET Centre and Thyroid Unit, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, SwitzerlandClinical Laboratory ServicesQueen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UKDepartment of Internal Medicine and EndocrinologyFondazione Salvatore Maugeri IRCCS, University of Pavia Hospital, 27100 Pavia, ItalyEndocrine UnitEvgenidion Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, GreeceDepartment of EndocrinologyUniversity Hospital Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of EndocrinologyRigshospitalet, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, DenmarkDepartment of Nuclear MedicinePitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, FranceDepartment of Nuclear MedicineUniversity Hospital Marburg, Marburg, GermanyDivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandDivision of Specific EndocrinologyUniversity Hospital Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, GermanyDepartment of Nuclear Medicine - Radioisotopic Therapy and Endocrinology UnitInstituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, ItalySelf-Help Organization of Thyroid Cancer Patients 'Ohne Schilddrüse leben e.V.'Berlin, GermanyDepartment of EndocrinologyUniversity Medical Center St Radboud, Nijmegen, The NetherlandsDepartment of Nuclear MedicineRWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Leonidas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Duntas
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear MedicinePET Centre and Thyroid Unit, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, SwitzerlandClinical Laboratory ServicesQueen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UKDepartment of Internal Medicine and EndocrinologyFondazione Salvatore Maugeri IRCCS, University of Pavia Hospital, 27100 Pavia, ItalyEndocrine UnitEvgenidion Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, GreeceDepartment of EndocrinologyUniversity Hospital Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of EndocrinologyRigshospitalet, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, DenmarkDepartment of Nuclear MedicinePitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, FranceDepartment of Nuclear MedicineUniversity Hospital Marburg, Marburg, GermanyDivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandDivision of Specific EndocrinologyUniversity Hospital Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, GermanyDepartment of Nuclear Medicine - Radioisotopic Therapy and Endocrinology UnitInstituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, ItalySelf-Help Organization of Thyroid Cancer Patients 'Ohne Schilddrüse leben e.V.'Berlin, GermanyDepartment of EndocrinologyUniversity Medical Center St Radboud, Nijmegen, The NetherlandsDepartment of Nuclear MedicineRWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Rossella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Elisei
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear MedicinePET Centre and Thyroid Unit, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, SwitzerlandClinical Laboratory ServicesQueen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UKDepartment of Internal Medicine and EndocrinologyFondazione Salvatore Maugeri IRCCS, University of Pavia Hospital, 27100 Pavia, ItalyEndocrine UnitEvgenidion Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, GreeceDepartment of EndocrinologyUniversity Hospital Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of EndocrinologyRigshospitalet, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, DenmarkDepartment of Nuclear MedicinePitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, FranceDepartment of Nuclear MedicineUniversity Hospital Marburg, Marburg, GermanyDivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandDivision of Specific EndocrinologyUniversity Hospital Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, GermanyDepartment of Nuclear Medicine - Radioisotopic Therapy and Endocrinology UnitInstituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, ItalySelf-Help Organization of Thyroid Cancer Patients 'Ohne Schilddrüse leben e.V.'Berlin, GermanyDepartment of EndocrinologyUniversity Medical Center St Radboud, Nijmegen, The NetherlandsDepartment of Nuclear MedicineRWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Ulla
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Feldt-Rasmussen
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear MedicinePET Centre and Thyroid Unit, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, SwitzerlandClinical Laboratory ServicesQueen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UKDepartment of Internal Medicine and EndocrinologyFondazione Salvatore Maugeri IRCCS, University of Pavia Hospital, 27100 Pavia, ItalyEndocrine UnitEvgenidion Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, GreeceDepartment of EndocrinologyUniversity Hospital Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of EndocrinologyRigshospitalet, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, DenmarkDepartment of Nuclear MedicinePitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, FranceDepartment of Nuclear MedicineUniversity Hospital Marburg, Marburg, GermanyDivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandDivision of Specific EndocrinologyUniversity Hospital Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, GermanyDepartment of Nuclear Medicine - Radioisotopic Therapy and Endocrinology UnitInstituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, ItalySelf-Help Organization of Thyroid Cancer Patients 'Ohne Schilddrüse leben e.V.'Berlin, GermanyDepartment of EndocrinologyUniversity Medical Center St Radboud, Nijmegen, The NetherlandsDepartment of Nuclear MedicineRWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Leenhardt
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear MedicinePET Centre and Thyroid Unit, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, SwitzerlandClinical Laboratory ServicesQueen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UKDepartment of Internal Medicine and EndocrinologyFondazione Salvatore Maugeri IRCCS, University of Pavia Hospital, 27100 Pavia, ItalyEndocrine UnitEvgenidion Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, GreeceDepartment of EndocrinologyUniversity Hospital Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of EndocrinologyRigshospitalet, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, DenmarkDepartment of Nuclear MedicinePitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, FranceDepartment of Nuclear MedicineUniversity Hospital Marburg, Marburg, GermanyDivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandDivision of Specific EndocrinologyUniversity Hospital Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, GermanyDepartment of Nuclear Medicine - Radioisotopic Therapy and Endocrinology UnitInstituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, ItalySelf-Help Organization of Thyroid Cancer Patients 'Ohne Schilddrüse leben e.V.'Berlin, GermanyDepartment of EndocrinologyUniversity Medical Center St Radboud, Nijmegen, The NetherlandsDepartment of Nuclear MedicineRWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Luster
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear MedicinePET Centre and Thyroid Unit, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, SwitzerlandClinical Laboratory ServicesQueen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UKDepartment of Internal Medicine and EndocrinologyFondazione Salvatore Maugeri IRCCS, University of Pavia Hospital, 27100 Pavia, ItalyEndocrine UnitEvgenidion Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, GreeceDepartment of EndocrinologyUniversity Hospital Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of EndocrinologyRigshospitalet, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, DenmarkDepartment of Nuclear MedicinePitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, FranceDepartment of Nuclear MedicineUniversity Hospital Marburg, Marburg, GermanyDivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandDivision of Specific EndocrinologyUniversity Hospital Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, GermanyDepartment of Nuclear Medicine - Radioisotopic Therapy and Endocrinology UnitInstituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, ItalySelf-Help Organization of Thyroid Cancer Patients 'Ohne Schilddrüse leben e.V.'Berlin, GermanyDepartment of EndocrinologyUniversity Medical Center St Radboud, Nijmegen, The NetherlandsDepartment of Nuclear MedicineRWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Camilla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schalin-Jäntti
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear MedicinePET Centre and Thyroid Unit, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, SwitzerlandClinical Laboratory ServicesQueen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UKDepartment of Internal Medicine and EndocrinologyFondazione Salvatore Maugeri IRCCS, University of Pavia Hospital, 27100 Pavia, ItalyEndocrine UnitEvgenidion Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, GreeceDepartment of EndocrinologyUniversity Hospital Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of EndocrinologyRigshospitalet, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, DenmarkDepartment of Nuclear MedicinePitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, FranceDepartment of Nuclear MedicineUniversity Hospital Marburg, Marburg, GermanyDivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandDivision of Specific EndocrinologyUniversity Hospital Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, GermanyDepartment of Nuclear Medicine - Radioisotopic Therapy and Endocrinology UnitInstituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, ItalySelf-Help Organization of Thyroid Cancer Patients 'Ohne Schilddrüse leben e.V.'Berlin, GermanyDepartment of EndocrinologyUniversity Medical Center St Radboud, Nijmegen, The NetherlandsDepartment of Nuclear MedicineRWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schott
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear MedicinePET Centre and Thyroid Unit, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, SwitzerlandClinical Laboratory ServicesQueen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UKDepartment of Internal Medicine and EndocrinologyFondazione Salvatore Maugeri IRCCS, University of Pavia Hospital, 27100 Pavia, ItalyEndocrine UnitEvgenidion Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, GreeceDepartment of EndocrinologyUniversity Hospital Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of EndocrinologyRigshospitalet, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, DenmarkDepartment of Nuclear MedicinePitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, FranceDepartment of Nuclear MedicineUniversity Hospital Marburg, Marburg, GermanyDivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandDivision of Specific EndocrinologyUniversity Hospital Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, GermanyDepartment of Nuclear Medicine - Radioisotopic Therapy and Endocrinology UnitInstituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, ItalySelf-Help Organization of Thyroid Cancer Patients 'Ohne Schilddrüse leben e.V.'Berlin, GermanyDepartment of EndocrinologyUniversity Medical Center St Radboud, Nijmegen, The NetherlandsDepartment of Nuclear MedicineRWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Ettore
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Seregni
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear MedicinePET Centre and Thyroid Unit, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, SwitzerlandClinical Laboratory ServicesQueen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UKDepartment of Internal Medicine and EndocrinologyFondazione Salvatore Maugeri IRCCS, University of Pavia Hospital, 27100 Pavia, ItalyEndocrine UnitEvgenidion Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, GreeceDepartment of EndocrinologyUniversity Hospital Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of EndocrinologyRigshospitalet, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, DenmarkDepartment of Nuclear MedicinePitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, FranceDepartment of Nuclear MedicineUniversity Hospital Marburg, Marburg, GermanyDivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandDivision of Specific EndocrinologyUniversity Hospital Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, GermanyDepartment of Nuclear Medicine - Radioisotopic Therapy and Endocrinology UnitInstituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, ItalySelf-Help Organization of Thyroid Cancer Patients 'Ohne Schilddrüse leben e.V.'Berlin, GermanyDepartment of EndocrinologyUniversity Medical Center St Radboud, Nijmegen, The NetherlandsDepartment of Nuclear MedicineRWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Herald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rimmele
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear MedicinePET Centre and Thyroid Unit, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, SwitzerlandClinical Laboratory ServicesQueen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UKDepartment of Internal Medicine and EndocrinologyFondazione Salvatore Maugeri IRCCS, University of Pavia Hospital, 27100 Pavia, ItalyEndocrine UnitEvgenidion Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, GreeceDepartment of EndocrinologyUniversity Hospital Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of EndocrinologyRigshospitalet, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, DenmarkDepartment of Nuclear MedicinePitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, FranceDepartment of Nuclear MedicineUniversity Hospital Marburg, Marburg, GermanyDivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandDivision of Specific EndocrinologyUniversity Hospital Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, GermanyDepartment of Nuclear Medicine - Radioisotopic Therapy and Endocrinology UnitInstituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, ItalySelf-Help Organization of Thyroid Cancer Patients 'Ohne Schilddrüse leben e.V.'Berlin, GermanyDepartment of EndocrinologyUniversity Medical Center St Radboud, Nijmegen, The NetherlandsDepartment of Nuclear MedicineRWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Smit
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear MedicinePET Centre and Thyroid Unit, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, SwitzerlandClinical Laboratory ServicesQueen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UKDepartment of Internal Medicine and EndocrinologyFondazione Salvatore Maugeri IRCCS, University of Pavia Hospital, 27100 Pavia, ItalyEndocrine UnitEvgenidion Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, GreeceDepartment of EndocrinologyUniversity Hospital Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of EndocrinologyRigshospitalet, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, DenmarkDepartment of Nuclear MedicinePitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, FranceDepartment of Nuclear MedicineUniversity Hospital Marburg, Marburg, GermanyDivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandDivision of Specific EndocrinologyUniversity Hospital Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, GermanyDepartment of Nuclear Medicine - Radioisotopic Therapy and Endocrinology UnitInstituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, ItalySelf-Help Organization of Thyroid Cancer Patients 'Ohne Schilddrüse leben e.V.'Berlin, GermanyDepartment of EndocrinologyUniversity Medical Center St Radboud, Nijmegen, The NetherlandsDepartment of Nuclear MedicineRWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Frederik A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Verburg
mesh_terms: D018263:Adenocarcinoma, Follicular / Q000097:blood; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000097:blood; D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary; D006801:Humans; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009333:Neck / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013954:Thyroglobulin / Q000097:blood*; D000077273:Thyroid Cancer, Papillary; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D013965:Thyroidectomy; D013972:Thyrotropin; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D013972:Thyrotropin; D013954:Thyroglobulin
references.citation: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001 Dec;86(12):5686-90
references.pmid: 11739420
references.citation: J Endocrinol Invest. 1988 Mar;11(3):175-81
references.pmid: 3372957
references.citation: Thyroid. 2001 Sep;11(9):819-24
references.pmid: 11575850
references.citation: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012 Aug;97(8):2748-53
references.pmid: 22679061
references.citation: Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2012 Apr;76(4):586-92
references.pmid: 22059804
references.citation: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012 Aug;97(8):2714-23
references.pmid: 22639286
references.citation: Clin Biochem Rev. 2008 Aug;29 Suppl 1:S49-52
references.pmid: 18852857
references.citation: Thyroid. 2003 Jan;13(1):3-126
references.pmid: 12625976
references.citation: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Jul;92(7):2487-95
references.pmid: 17426102
references.citation: Thyroid. 2013 Feb;23(2):185-93
references.pmid: 22978687
references.citation: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Jul;88(7):3069-74
references.pmid: 12843145
references.citation: Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2009 Feb;36(2):326-7; author reply 328
references.pmid: 19089422
references.citation: Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2002 Aug;29 Suppl 2:S492-6
references.pmid: 12192551
references.citation: Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2007 Jan;66(1):58-64
references.pmid: 17201802
references.citation: Thyroid. 2010 Jun;20(6):587-95
references.pmid: 20470203
references.citation: Clin Chem Lab Med. 2002 Jun;40(6):568-73
references.pmid: 12211650
references.citation: Thyroid. 2012 Aug;22(8):778-83
references.pmid: 22780333
references.citation: Ann Biol Clin (Paris). 1996;54(10-11):343-8
references.pmid: 9092301
references.citation: Clin Nucl Med. 2011 Feb;36(2):109-12
references.pmid: 21220971
references.citation: Thyroid. 2011 Jul;21(7):813-4
references.pmid: 21707436
references.citation: Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2012 May;76(5):734-40
references.pmid: 22050475
references.citation: Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2010 Feb;37(2):276-83
references.pmid: 20091165
references.citation: Thyroid. 2003 Sep;13(9):861-5
references.pmid: 14588100
references.citation: PLoS One. 2007 Aug 29;2(8):e816
references.pmid: 17726546
references.citation: Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab. 2008 Apr;4(4):223-33
references.pmid: 18268520
references.citation: Ann Clin Biochem. 2012 Jul;49(Pt 4):313-22
references.pmid: 22589360
references.citation: J Clin Pathol. 2009 May;62(5):402-6
references.pmid: 19398593
references.citation: Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2008 Mar;68(3):338-42
references.pmid: 17850379
references.citation: Clin Chem Lab Med. 2002 May;40(5):480-4
references.pmid: 12113292
references.citation: J Endocrinol Invest. 2011 Sep;34(8):e219-23
references.pmid: 21399390
references.citation: Eur J Endocrinol. 2013 Oct 04;169(5):689-93
references.pmid: 23939918
references.citation: Eur J Endocrinol. 2006 Jun;154(6):787-803
references.pmid: 16728537
references.citation: Head Neck. 2010 May;32(5):568-71
references.pmid: 19672965
references.citation: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Jan;92(1):82-7
references.pmid: 17077133
references.citation: Clin Chem Lab Med. 2008;46(8):1067-73
references.pmid: 18605946
references.citation: Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2007 Oct;67(4):547-51
references.pmid: 17561976
references.citation: Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2005 Feb;62(2):121-5
references.pmid: 15670185
references.citation: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014 Feb;99(2):440-7
references.pmid: 24285679
references.citation: Thyroid. 2009 Nov;19(11):1167-214
references.pmid: 19860577
references.citation: Clin Chem. 1996 Jan;42(1):164-73
references.pmid: 8565221
references.citation: Allergy. 1982 Apr;37(3):161-7
references.pmid: 6127965
references.citation: Clin Chim Acta. 2009 Apr;402(1-2):88-93
references.pmid: 19168041
references.citation: Thyroid. 2002 Jan;12(1):37-43
references.pmid: 11838729
references.citation: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Apr;87(4):1486-9
references.pmid: 11932269
references.citation: Eur Thyroid J. 2013 Sep;2(3):147-59
references.pmid: 24847448
references.citation: Eur Thyroid J. 2014 Mar;3(1):43-50
references.pmid: 24847465
references.citation: Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2011 Aug 09;7(10):589-95
references.pmid: 21826102
references.citation: Clin Chem Lab Med. 2006;44(5):648-52
references.pmid: 16681439
references.citation: Horm Metab Res. 2013 Nov;45(12):911-4
references.pmid: 23757117
references.citation: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013 Apr;98(4):1343-52
references.pmid: 23450057
references.citation: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013 Jan;98(1):172-80
references.pmid: 23150687
references.citation: J Endocrinol. 2004 Aug;182(2):287-94
references.pmid: 15283689
references.citation: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011 Jun;96(6):1703-9
references.pmid: 21450986
references.citation: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998 Apr;83(4):1121-7
references.pmid: 9543128
references.citation: Thyroid. 2013 Oct;23(10):1211-25
references.pmid: 23692026
references.citation: Clin Chem Lab Med. 2013 Feb;51(2):449-53
references.pmid: 23095203
references.citation: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011 May;96(5):1283-91
references.pmid: 21325460
references.citation: Ann Biol Clin (Paris). 1996;54(10-11):337-42
references.pmid: 9092300
references.citation: Clin Chem. 2006 Jun;52(6):1196-9
references.pmid: 16574765
references.citation: Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2007 Sep;67(3):434-41
references.pmid: 17555505
references.citation: Horm Metab Res. 2010 Sep;42(10):736-9
references.pmid: 20486066
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 1998 Jan 29;338(5):297-306
references.pmid: 9445411
references.citation: Clin Chim Acta. 2008 Aug;394(1-2):104-9
references.pmid: 18498765
references.citation: Ann Clin Biochem. 2013 Sep;50(Pt 5):421-32
references.pmid: 23847033
references.citation: Clin Chem Lab Med. 2009;47(8):952-4
references.pmid: 19589101
references.citation: Hormones (Athens). 2010 Apr-Jun;9(2):109-17
references.pmid: 20687394
references.citation: Ann Clin Biochem. 2011 Jul;48(Pt 4):367-9
references.pmid: 21502198
references.citation: Horm Metab Res. 2013 Sep;45(10):728-35
references.pmid: 23959452