title: Activation of frontoparietal attention networks by non-predictive gaze and arrow cues.
abstract: Gaze and arrow cues automatically orient visual attention, even when they have no predictive value, but the neural circuitry by which they direct attention is not clear. Recent evidence has indicated that the ventral frontoparietal attention network is primarily engaged by breaches of a viewer's cue-related expectations. Accordingly, we hypothesized that to the extent that non-predictive gaze and arrow cues automatically engender expectations with regard to cue location, they should activate the ventral attention network when they cue attention invalidly. Using event-related fMRI, we found that invalid gaze but not arrow cues activated the ventral attention network, specifically in the area of the right temporal parietal junction (TPJ), as well as nodes along the dorsal attention network associated with a redirection of attention to the correct target location. In additional whole-brain analyses, facilitation of behavioral response time by valid gaze cues was linearly associated with the degree of activation in the right TPJ. We conclude from our findings that gaze direction elicits potent expectations in humans with regard to an actor's intention that engage attention networks if not differently from, at least more robustly than, arrow cues.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., Boston, MA, 02118, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA 02114 and Laboratories of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, 1 Autumn St., Boston, MA, 02115, USA rmjoseph@bu.edu.
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Joseph
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., Boston, MA, 02118, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA 02114 and Laboratories of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, 1 Autumn St., Boston, MA, 02115, USA Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., Boston, MA, 02118, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA 02114 and Laboratories of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, 1 Autumn St., Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Zachary
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fricker
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., Boston, MA, 02118, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA 02114 and Laboratories of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, 1 Autumn St., Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Brandon
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Keehn
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D059031:Anticipation, Psychological / Q000502:physiology; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D003463:Cues; D005403:Fixation, Ocular; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000502:physiology*; D009949:Orientation / Q000502:physiology; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000502:physiology*; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D013028:Space Perception / Q000502:physiology; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: arrow; gaze; intention; spatial orienting; visual attention
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