title: Assessment of chemical coexposure patterns based upon phthalate biomonitoring data within the 2007/2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
abstract: As regulatory initiatives increasingly call for an understanding of the cumulative risks from chemical mixtures, evaluating exposure data from large biomonitoring programs, which may inform these cumulative risk assessments, will improve the understanding of occurrence and patterns of coexposures. Here we have analyzed the urinary metabolite data for six phthalates (di-butyl phthalate; di-isobutyl phthalate; butyl-benzyl phthalate; bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate; di-isononyl phthalate; and di-isodecyl phthalate) in the 2007/2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data set. For the total data set (N=2604), the co-occurrence of multiple phthalates at the upper percentile of exposure was infrequent. There were no individuals in the NHANES sample who were exposed to >95th percentiles for all six phthalates. For 75% of individuals, none of the six phthalates were above the 95th percentile of their respective exposure distributions. These data suggest that high exposure to multiple phthalates is infrequent in the NHANES population. This analysis solely focused on the pattern of contribution of individual phthalates to total exposure. It did not address the pattern of contribution to potential risk. The approach presented could potentially be used to provide insight into understanding the coexposure patterns for other chemicals.
authors.affiliation: ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences, Annandale, New Jersey, USA.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences, Annandale, New Jersey, USA.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: ExxonMobil Chemical Company, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Kevin M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Kransler
authors.affiliation: ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences, Annandale, New Jersey, USA.
authors.forename: Rosemary T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Zaleski
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D010795:Phthalic Acids / Q000652:urine*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D010795:Phthalic Acids; C032279:phthalic acid
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