title: Endoscopic-assisted achilles tendon reconstruction with free hamstring tendon autograft for chronic rupture of achilles tendon: clinical and isokinetic evaluation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the clinical and functional outcome of endoscopic-assisted reconstruction of chronic ruptures of the Achilles tendon using free hamstring tendon autograft.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present a case series of 15 patients who had chronic ruptures of the Achilles tendon (>6 weeks earlier) and underwent endoscopic-assisted reconstruction with a free hamstring autograft. The graft loop was passed through and fixed to the proximal stump of the tendon. The graft was then passed through suture to the distal stump and finally inserted into a tunnel in the anterior calcaneus to the Achilles tendon insertion and fixed with an bioabsorbable interference screw. The mean follow-up period was 27 months (SD, 3 months; range, 24 to 33 months). All patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging preoperatively, immediately postoperatively, and at follow-up 2 years postoperatively. All patients were functionally evaluated with the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) score for the hindfoot preoperatively and postoperatively. Calf muscle power was evaluated by isokinetic strength testing at 2 years' follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean size of the gap on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging was 49 mm (SD, 9 mm). The mean preoperative AOFAS score was 32.6 (SD, 7.5). There was a statistically significant improvement in the postoperative AOFAS score after 2 years to 90.8 (SD, 3.54) (P < .05). The mean time of return to all daily activities (except running and other sports) was 12.6 weeks (SD, 1.39 weeks). Isokinetic testing showed a nonsignificant deficit (<10%) between the involved and uninvolved plantar flexors and dorsiflexors with regard to peak torque, average power, and total work.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endoscopic-assisted Achilles tendon reconstruction with free hamstring tendon autograft for chronic ruptures of the Achilles tendon showed good to excellent results in all patients. Isokinetic testing showed a nonsignificant deficit between the involved and uninvolved sides at 2 years' follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  Level IV, therapeutic cases series.
authors.affiliation: Orthopedic Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. Electronic address: ossama_elshazly@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Ossama
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: El Shazly
authors.affiliation: Orthopedic Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Maged M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Abou El Soud
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine, Rheumatology, and Rehabilitation, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Dalia M E
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: El Mikkawy
authors.affiliation: Orthopedic Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: El Ganzoury
authors.affiliation: Radiology Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ayman Mohamed
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
mesh_terms: D000125:Achilles Tendon / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D000328:Adult; D064592:Autografts; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012421:Rupture / Q000601:surgery; D013710:Tendons / Q000637:transplantation*; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome