title: Effects of Microtus fortis lymphocytes on Schistosoma japonicum in a bone marrow transplantation model.
abstract: Microtus fortis is a non-permissive host for Schistosoma japonicum. While M. fortis lymphocytes are known to provide natural resistance against S. japonicum, the specific mechanism remains unclear. A bone marrow transplantation (BMT) model was established using immunodeficient mice, either nude (experiment 1) or V(D)J recombination activation gene deficient mice (RAG-1(-/-)) (experiment 2) as recipients and M. fortis or C57BL/6 mice as donors. The growth and development of S. japonicum were evaluated in each group to assess the role of M. fortis lymphocytes in the response to infection. Lymphocyte ratios and S. japonicum-specific antibody production in transplanted groups increased significantly compared to those in non-transplanted group. Spleen indices and density of splenic lymphocytes in transplanted RAG-1(-/-) mice were higher than those in non-transplanted RAG-1(-/-) mice. No difference in the worm burden was observed among group A (transplants derived from M. fortis), B (transplants derived from C57BL/6 mouse) and C (non-transplanted mice), although worms in group A were shorter than those in other groups, except non-transplanted RAG-1(-/-) mice. Reproductive systems of worms in mice (nude or RAG-1(-/-)) transplanted from M. fortis were not as mature as those in mice (nude or RAG-1(-/-)) transplanted from C57BL/6 mouse and non-transplanted nude mice, but they were more mature than worms in non-transplanted RAG-1(-/-) mice. Therefore, the transplantation model using nude and RAG-1(-/-) mice was successfully established. The M. fortis lymphocytes did not appear to affect the S. japonicum worm burden, but they led to schistosome shortening and a significant reduction in parasite spawning. Thus, M. fortis cellular and humoral immunity provides a defense against schistosomes by negatively impacting the parasite growth and reproductive development.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, WHO Collaborating Center for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, WHO Collaborating Center for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yuxin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, WHO Collaborating Center for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Weiyuan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, WHO Collaborating Center for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Quan
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, WHO Collaborating Center for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yujuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, WHO Collaborating Center for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhongying
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, WHO Collaborating Center for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, WHO Collaborating Center for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zang
authors.affiliation: Hunan Institute of Schistosomiasis Control, Yueyang, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yongkang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, WHO Collaborating Center for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: caojp@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Jianping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003411:Arvicolinae / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology*; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000276:immunology; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D005260:Female; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008819:Mice, Nude; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D012549:Schistosoma japonicum / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology*; D012554:Schistosomiasis japonica / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; C064658:RAG-1 protein
keywords: BMT; Growth and development; Immunodeficient mice; Schistosome