title: Interventions for attention problems after pediatric traumatic brain injury: what is the evidence?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To gain an understanding of the current state of the evidence for management of attention problems after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in children, determine gaps in the literature, and make recommendations for future research. TYPE: Focused systematic review.
  
  
  METHODS
  PubMed/Medline and PsychINFO databases were searched for relevant articles published in English during the last 20 years. Keywords included "attention" "attention deficit and disruptive behavior disorders," and "brain injuries." Studies were limited to children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Titles were examined first and eliminated based on lack of relevancy to attention problems after brain injury in children. This was followed by an abstract and full text review. Article quality was determined based on the US Preventative Services Task Force recommendations for evidence grading.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four pharmacologic and 10 cognitive therapy intervention studies were identified. These studies varied in level of evidence quality but were primarily nonrandomized or cohort studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are studies that demonstrate benefits of varying pharmacologic and cognitive therapies for the management of attention problems after TBI. However, there is a paucity of evidence available to definitively guide management of attention problems after pediatric TBI. Larger randomized, controlled trials and multicenter studies are needed to elucidate optimal treatment strategies in this population.
authors.affiliation: University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH(∗).
authors.forename: Barynia
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Backeljauw
authors.affiliation: Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH(†). Electronic address: brad.kurowski@cchmc.org.
authors.forename: Brad G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Kurowski
mesh_terms: D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000209:etiology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
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