title: The periodontal health component of the Renal Impairment In Secondary Care (RIISC) cohort study: a description of the rationale, methodology and initial baseline results.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. There is a need to identify novel and modifiable risk factors in such patients. The periodontal component of the Renal Impairment In Secondary Care (RIISC) study aims to evaluate the association between chronic periodontitis and CKD progression.
  
  
  METHODS
  The RIISC study is a prospective, observational cohort study of patients with CKD from a renal clinic at a hospital in the West Midlands region of the UK. Patients undergo a periodontal examination and plaque and saliva sampling. To benchmark the oral health status of the RIISC cohort, we compared it to the Adult Dental Health Survey 2009 (ADHS), a representative survey of the oral health of community dwelling adults in the UK.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the first 500 patients recruited into the RIISC study, 469 patients underwent a dental examination and 80 (17%) were edentulous. Among dentate subjects, patients within RIISC were significantly more likely to have any (OR 4.0 95% CI 2.7-5.9) or severe (OR 3.8 95% CI 2.5-5.6) periodontitis compared to the ADHS sample.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence and severity of chronic periodontitis in this cohort of CKD patients is markedly higher than a geographically matched control population.
authors.affiliation: Periodontal Research Group, School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Praveen
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dietrich
authors.forename: Amneet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sidhu
authors.forename: Viren
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vithlani
authors.forename: Mutahir
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stringer
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jesky
authors.forename: Okdeep
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kaur
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ferro
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cockwell
authors.forename: Iain L C
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Chapple
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000382:microbiology; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009066:Mouth, Edentulous / Q000453:epidemiology; D009909:Oral Health; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000453:epidemiology; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry; D035862:Vulnerable Populations / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: chronic kidney disease; observational cohort study; periodontitis