title: The influence of neuropathology on brain inflammation in human and experimental temporal lobe epilepsy.
abstract: It is unclear to what extent neuropathological changes contribute to brain inflammation observed in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Here, we compared cytokine levels between histopathologically-confirmed sclerotic hippocampi and histopathologically-confirmed normal hippocampi from TLE patients. We analyzed a similar cytokine panel in the hippocampi of amygdala-kindled rats and we evaluated neuropathological changes by immunohistochemistry. In TLE patients, cytokine levels were not significantly different between sclerotic and non-sclerotic hippocampi. Though kindling resulted in increased astrocyte activation, cytokine levels and microglia activation were unchanged. These results suggest that the chronic epileptic state in TLE can also occur in the absence of intracerebral inflammation. Highlights.
authors.affiliation: School for Mental Health & Neuroscience, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands. Electronic address: mwaalbers@gmail.com.
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Aalbers
authors.affiliation: School for Mental Health & Neuroscience, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rijkers
authors.affiliation: School for Mental Health & Neuroscience, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands; Epilepsy Centre Kempenhaeghe, PO Box 61, 5590 AB Heeze, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: H J M
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Majoie
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Dings
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: O E M G
authors.initials: OE
authors.lastname: Schijns
authors.affiliation: School for Mental Health & Neuroscience, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schipper
authors.affiliation: School for Mental Health & Neuroscience, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: De Baets
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technology Assessment, Maastricht University Medical Centre, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kessels
authors.affiliation: School for Mental Health & Neuroscience, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J S H
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Vles
authors.affiliation: School for Mental Health & Neuroscience, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hoogland
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000679:Amygdala / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D039481:CD11b Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000009:adverse effects; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007696:Kindling, Neurologic / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D039481:CD11b Antigen; D016207:Cytokines; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
keywords: Cytokines; Hippocampal sclerosis; Inflammation; Temporal lobe epilepsy