title: Association of dietary factors with insulin resistance and inflammatory markers in subjects with diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease in Indian population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Insulin resistance (IR) and inflammation have been implicated in pathogenesis of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Dietary factors have been reported to be associated to insulin resistance and inflammation. Hence, we studied the association of dietary factors with IR and inflammation in known patients with diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease with the hypothesis that carbohydrate and fat will be positively; and protein, fiber and mineral will be negatively associated with IR and inflammatory markers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred patients (M: 216; F: 84, age: 25-92) who had coronary disease on angiography were included in this study consecutively. All patients were evaluated for anthropometry and cardiovascular risk factors, and blood samples were collected for biochemical and inflammatory markers. Nutrition assessment was done once at the time of recruitment, based on 24h dietary recall.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diabetic patients had significantly lower protein and total dietary fiber intake as compared to non diabetics. Diabetic patients had lower intake of vitamin A, riboflavin and vitamin B12. There was significantly lower intake of minerals by diabetic patients. Dietary carbohydrate and fat were positively, and protein and dietary fiber intakes were negatively correlated with HOMA-IR and IL-6. There was no correlation of individual amino acids with HOMA-IR but showed strong negative correlation with inflammatory markers (hsCRP; IL-6 and TNF-α). Intake of vitamins and minerals was negatively correlated with HOMA-IR and inflammatory markers. There is a strong correlation between dietary factors, insulin resistance and inflammatory markers.
authors.affiliation: Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital and Research Center, Biochemistry Section, Department of Pathology, Erandawane, Pune-411004, India; Department of Endocrinology, Command Hospital (Southern Command), Pune. Electronic address: pnmahalle@gmail.com.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mahalle
authors.affiliation: Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Pune.
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Kulkarni
authors.affiliation: Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital and Research Center, Biochemistry Section, Department of Pathology, Erandawane, Pune-411004, India; Department of Endocrinology, Command Hospital (Southern Command), Pune.
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Naik
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Command Hospital (Southern Command), Pune.
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Garg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000276:immunology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000208:ethnology; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000208:ethnology; D018753:Diet, Protein-Restricted / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000208:ethnology; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D019456:Health Transition; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000208:ethnology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D018836:Inflammation Mediators
keywords: Coronary artery disease; Diabetes mellitus; Hypertension; Inflammatory markers