title: Effects of alternate-day feeding of dried distiller's grain plus solubles to forage-fed beef cows in mid- to late gestation.
abstract: Forty-six nonlactating beef cows were used to examine effects of dried distiller's grains plus solubles (DG) supplementation strategies to cows fed grass hay during mid- to late gestation on BW, ultrasound body composition characteristics, concentrations of serum NEFA and urea, feeding behavior, and calf birth weight. Cows were assigned to dietary treatments in a completely randomized design: 1) control, where hay was fed each day of the week (CON), 2) both hay and DG fed daily during the week (DG7), 3) hay fed daily but DG fed 3 d of the week (DG3), and 4) hay fed 4 d of the week alternating with DG fed on the remaining 3 d (DGA). Hay was offered ad libitum on days it was fed. The DG were fed at 0.40% of BW when offered daily and 0.93% of BW when offered 3 d per week (Monday, Wednesday, and Friday). Feed intake was monitored continuously over the 84-d feeding period. Hay intake and total DMI were reduced (P < 0.05) in DGA compared with DG7 and DG3. Gain and G:F were decreased (P < 0.05) for CON compared with other treatments. No differences (P > 0.05) were observed among treatments for change in BCS, intramuscular fat, rib fat, or rump fat from d 1 to 84. On a day when DG7, DG3, and DGA all received DG (Friday), DGA had reduced (P < 0.05) concentrations of urea compared with DG3 and DG7. On a day when only DG7 received DG (Saturday), urea was greater (P < 0.01) for DG3 and DGA compared with DG7, and concentrations of NEFA were greater (P < 0.01) in CON and DGA compared with DG7. On the second consecutive day when only DG7 received DG (Sunday), concentrations of NEFA were less (P < 0.001) for DG7 compared with other treatments. On days when all cows received hay, DGA spent more time eating (P < 0.05) compared with DG7 and DG3. Cows fed DGA had greater (P < 0.05) hay intake per meal and time per meal compared with other treatments. On days when DG7, DG3, and DGA all received DG, cows in the DG3 and DGA treatments had greater (P < 0.05) number of DG meals, time spent eating, intake per meal, and time per meal but a slower (P < 0.05) rate of DG intake compared with DG7. No differences (P > 0.05) were observed in calf birth weights among treatments. The alternate-day feeding strategy reduced hay and total intake, altered concentrations of serum urea and NEFA, and altered feeding behavior compared with other supplementation methods.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58108.
authors.forename: S I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58108.
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Steichen
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58108.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Islas
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58108.
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Goulart
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58108.
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Gilbery
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58108.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58108.
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Swanson
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58108 carl.dahlen@ndsu.edu.
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Dahlen
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D001724:Birth Weight / Q000502:physiology; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology; D002417:Cattle / Q000254:growth & development*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D002523:Edible Grain; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D005248:Feeding Methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D006109:Poaceae; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: beef cows; distiller’s grains; supplementation frequency