title: A Longitudinal Perspective on the Association between Cognition and Temperamental Shyness.
abstract: Moderate, yet relatively consistent, associations between cognitive performance and shyness have been reported throughout the child and adult literatures. The current study assessed longitudinal associations between cognition (i.e., executive functioning) and parent-report temperamental shyness from infancy to early childhood and used temporal order to explore directionality of the relations. Two hundred eleven children contributed data at multiple ages (5-months, 10-months, 2-years, 3-years, and 4-years). The results indicated a complex pattern of association between cognition and shyness in early development and provided tentative support for both cognitive ability and temperament as causal agents at different developmental time points.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Bellarmine University.
authors.forename: Christy D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Wolfe
authors.affiliation: Department of Department of Psychiatry, Division Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech.
authors.forename: Jungmeen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim-Spoon
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech.
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ann Bell
keywords: cognition; early childhood; executive function; infancy; shyness; temperament
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