title: Mucosal immunity in HIV infection: what can be done to restore gastrointestinal-associated lymphoid tissue function?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This review describes the impact of HIV infection on gut-associated lymphoid tissue, the mechanisms for persistent gut-associated lymphoid tissue dysfunction despite effective antiretroviral therapy, and potential strategies to restore gut-associated lymphoid tissue function and promote immune reconstitution.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Recent studies indicate that unresolved microbial translocation and intestinal dysbiosis may continue to promote enteropathy as well as HIV-associated and non-HIV-associated conditions in many HIV patients who otherwise maintain therapeutic control of systemic viral replication.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Several novel therapeutic approaches to reduce intestinal inflammation and mitigate microbial translocation may hold promise for restoring gastrointestinal health and thereby increasing the efficacy of immune reconstitution in HIV-infected patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy.
authors.affiliation: aUniversity of California Davis, Davis bUniversity of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA.
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: George
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Asmuth
mesh_terms: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D005693:Galactosemias; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000276:immunology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D008221:Lymphoid Tissue / Q000276:immunology*; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000276:immunology; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents