title: Lactate regulates myogenesis in C2C12 myoblasts in vitro.
abstract: Satellite cells (SCs) are the resident stem cells of skeletal muscle tissue which play a major role in muscle adaptation, e.g. as a response to physical training. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of an intermittent lactate (La) treatment on the proliferation and differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts, simulating a microcycle of high intensity endurance training. Furthermore, the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in this context was examined. C2C12 myoblasts were therefore repeatedly incubated for 2 h each day with 10 mM or 20 mM La differentiation medium (DM) and in some cases 20 mM La DM plus different antioxidative substances for up to 5 days. La free (0 mM) DM served as a control. Immunocytochemical staining, Western blot analysis and colorimetric assays were used to assess oxidative stress, proliferation, and differentiation. Results show that La induces oxidative stress, enhances cell-cycle withdrawal, and initiates early differentiation but delays late differentiation in a timely and dose-dependent manner. These effects can be reversed by the addition of antioxidants to the La DM. We therefore conclude that La has a regulatory role in C2C12 myogenesis via a ROS-sensitive mechanism which elicits implications for reassessing some aspects of training and the use of nutritional supplements.
authors.affiliation: German Sport University Cologne, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany. Electronic address: L.Willkomm@dshs-koeln.de.
authors.forename: Lena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Willkomm
authors.affiliation: German Sport University Cologne, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schubert
authors.affiliation: German Sport University Cologne, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Raphael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: German Sport University Cologne, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Elsen
authors.affiliation: German Sport University Cologne, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Julika
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Borde
authors.affiliation: German Sport University Cologne, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gehlert
authors.affiliation: German Sport University Cologne, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Suhr
authors.affiliation: German Sport University Cologne, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Wilhelm
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bloch
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D059447:Cell Cycle Checkpoints; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D024510:Muscle Development; D032446:Myoblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D019344:Lactic Acid