title: Development of tartaric esters as bifunctional additives of methanol-gasoline.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Methanol has become an alternative fuel for gasoline, which is facing a rapidly rising world demand with a limited oil supply. Methanol-gasoline has been used in China, but phase stability and vapor lock still need to be resolved in methanol-gasoline applications. In this paper, a series of tartaric esters were synthesized and used as phase stabilizers and saturation vapor pressure depressors for methanol-gasoline.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that the phase stabilities of tartaric esters for methanol-gasoline depend on the length of the alkoxy group. Several tartaric esters were found to be effective in various gasoline-methanol blends, and the tartaric esters display high capacity to depress the saturation vapor pressure of methanol-gasoline.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to the results, it can be concluded that the tartaric esters have great potential to be bifunctional gasoline-methanol additives.
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, People's Republic of China ; College of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Changchun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Shaanxi Yanchang Zhongli New Energy Co. Ltd, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaoli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Shaanxi Yanchang Zhongli New Energy Co. Ltd, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lianghong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
keywords: Evaporation; Methanol-gasoline; Phase stability; Tartaric esters