title: Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm quantification: effect of different solvents and dyes.
abstract: Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm formed in the presence of the solvents DMSO, ethanol or methanol was quantified using safranin or crystal violet staining protocols. We found that biofilm quantification was the most accurate when safranin protocol was applied. Moreover, both DMSO and ethanol stimulated biofilm formation.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division Veterinary Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. Electronic address: snowfine520@gmail.com.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division Veterinary Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division Veterinary Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fink-Gremmels
mesh_terms: D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide; D000431:Ethanol; D005840:Gentian Violet; D000432:Methanol; D010619:Phenazines; D012997:Solvents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D010619:Phenazines; D012997:Solvents; D000431:Ethanol; D005840:Gentian Violet; C009195:safranine T; D000432:Methanol; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide
keywords: Crystal violet; DMSO; Ethanol; Methanol; Safranin