title: [Risk factors for interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms presenting for urologic care].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify the risk factors in interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS) patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) without urinary tract infection or benign prostate hyperplasia in China.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 954 outpatients with LUTS presenting for care to urology clinics at 8 hospitals throughout China from November 20, 2008 to August 24, 2012 were surveyed with a standardized questionnaire and validated outcome measures. The definitions for IC/PBS based on the O'Leary-Sant interstitial cystitis symptom and problem indices were used. The possible risk factors was analyzed with the Fisher's exact and Pearson chi-square tests. And multivariate predictive models were developed with binary Logistic regression methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 491 females and 463 males. And 44.7% (427/954) met the criteria for IC/PBS. There was significant gender difference (51.7% (254/491) vs 37.4% (173/463), P < 0.05) . After adjusting for confounding factors, bladder pain was significantly associated with stimulatory foods (OR: 81.16, 95%CI: 11.50-590.00, P = 0.001) and anorectal disease (OR: 54.90, 95%CI: 9.52-401.00, P = 0.001) in females. Caffeine beverage intake (OR: 4.29, 95%CI: 1.86-9.86, P = 0.001) was the only modifiable association according to multivariate analysis of males.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Stimulatory foods, anorectal disease and caffeine beverages are potential risk factors for IC/PBS.Further studies are necessary to determine their roles in the pathogenesis of this disorder.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urological Surgery, Affiliated Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China. Email: hequn712@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Qun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Shiliang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Yunxiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Guizhong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Shengli
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhan
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: He
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Jimao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018856:Cystitis, Interstitial / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D059411:Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017699:Pelvic Pain / Q000209:etiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D001745:Urinary Bladder Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D055815:Young Adult