title: Changes of cerebral tissue oxygen saturation at sleep transitions in adolescents.
abstract: In adults, cerebral oxy-([O₂Hb]) and deoxyhemoglobin concentrations ([HHb]) change characteristically at transitions of sleep stages. The aims were to assess these changes in adolescents and additionally to measure tissue oxygen saturation (StO₂) by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Previously it was reported that in adults [O₂Hb] increased and [HHb] decreased at the transition from non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) to REMS and wakefulness. Transitions to NREMS from REMS/wakefulness led to a decrease in [O₂Hb] and an increase in [HHb]. We measured [O₂Hb], [HHb] and tissue oxygenation (StO₂) with NIRS approximately above the left prefrontal cortex in 12 healthy adolescent males (aged 10-16 years). We found comparable signs and magnitudes of changes in [O₂Hb] and [HHb] as observed in adults. StO₂ increased at the transitions from NREMS to REMS and decreased from REMS to NREMS and at sleep onset (all p < 0.01, linear mixed effects model). Changes in oxygen metabolism during sleep transitions are similar in adolescents and adults. In addition, we show for the first time temporal changes of StO₂ at sleep transitions.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstasse 10, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland. andreas.jaakko@googlemail.com.|Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. andreas.jaakko@googlemail.com.
authors.forename: Andreas J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Metz
authors.affiliation: Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pugin
authors.affiliation: Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.|Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.affiliation: Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.|Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Chronobiology and Sleep Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Achermann
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstasse 10, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.|Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.|Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wolf
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D012894:Sleep Stages; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen