title: Osteoblasts growth behaviour on bio-based calcium carbonate aragonite nanocrystal.
abstract: Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) nanocrystals derived from cockle shells emerge to present a good concert in bone tissue engineering because of their potential to mimic the composition, structure, and properties of native bone. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biological response of CaCO3 nanocrystals on hFOB 1.19 and MC3T3 E-1 osteoblast cells in vitro. Cell viability and proliferation were assessed by MTT and BrdU assays, and LDH was measured to determine the effect of CaCO3 nanocrystals on cell membrane integrity. Cellular morphology was examined by SEM and fluorescence microscopy. The results showed that CaCO3 nanocrystals had no toxic effects to some extent. Cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, and protein synthesis were enhanced by the nanocrystals when compared to the control. Cellular interactions were improved, as indicated by SEM and fluorescent microscopy. The production of VEGF and TGF-1 was also affected by the CaCO3 nanocrystals. Therefore, bio-based CaCO3 nanocrystals were shown to stimulate osteoblast differentiation and improve the osteointegration process.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Abdullahi
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7846-7645
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shafiu Kamba
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia ; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Zuki Abu Bakar
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Zakaria
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000737:chemistry; D002118:Calcium / Q000737:chemistry; D002119:Calcium Carbonate / Q000737:chemistry*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival; D003124:Colorimetry; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000378:metabolism; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D002119:Calcium Carbonate; D002118:Calcium
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