title: Molecular mechanism and therapeutic modulation of high mobility group box 1 release and action: an updated review.
abstract: High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is an evolutionarily conserved protein, and is constitutively expressed in virtually all types of cells. Infection and injury converge on common inflammatory responses that are mediated by HMGB1 secreted from immunologically activated immune cells or passively released from pathologically damaged cells. Herein we review the emerging molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)-induced HMGB1 secretion, and summarize many HMGB1-targeting therapeutic strategies for the treatment of infection- and injury-elicited inflammatory diseases. It may well be possible to develop strategies that specifically attenuate damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs)-mediated inflammatory responses without compromising the PAMPs-mediated innate immunity for the clinical management of infection- and injury-elicited inflammatory diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, PR China.
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Ce
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Mao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Fangping
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Kevin J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Tracey
authors.forename: Haichao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D024243:HMGB1 Protein / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007239:Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D024243:HMGB1 Protein; C585491:HMGB1 protein, human
keywords: damage-associated molecular patterns; herbal components; high mobility group box 1; infection; injury; pathogen-associated molecular patterns; signaling
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