title: Food security experiences of displaced North Korean households.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Food shortage situation in North Korea has gained much interest, however food insecurity caused by the food shortage in North Korean households has not been much investigated. This study examined food security experiences and food consumption pattern of displaced North Korean households currently living in South Korea.
  
  
  METHODS
  Food security experience among 51 North Korean households living in South Korea was examined using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) in three time points: immediately before childbirth, immediately before leaving North Korea, and immediately before entering South Korea. Meal/snack consumption frequencies and food diversity were also examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Food security situation was the worst at the time of immediately before leaving North Korea with the average HFIAS score of 10.05. The households that were food insecure, they tended to be "severely" insecure. Although majority of the subjects reported having three or more meals a day, food diversity in their diet was very low with the average food diversity score of 2.17 immediately before childbirth and 1.74 immediately before leaving North Korea. Their diet appeared to heavily rely on grain and vegetable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study is one of few that specifically examined food security of North Korean households with a pre-developed scale, and that demonstrated food security situation at different time points in quantified terms. Replicating this study with different groups of North Korean households for different time points would allow more complete understanding of impacts of food shortage. Food diversity score could provide a good way to examine changes of food consumption occurring to North Koreans in the process of adaptation. More attention to the changes occurring during adaption to South Korea should be given to understand the process and impact and to prepare public nutrition policy for the re-unified Korea.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, Inha University, 100 Inharo, Namgu, Incheon 402-751, Korea.
authors.forename: Soo-Kyung
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, Inha University, 100 Inharo, Namgu, Incheon 402-751, Korea.
authors.forename: So-Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Nam
keywords: Displaced North Koreans; food diversity; food security
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