title: Disruptive patterns of eating behaviors and associated lifestyles in males with ADHD.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurological/behavioral disorder characterized by inattention or hyperactivity and impulsivity, or combined symptomatology. Children with ADHD are predisposed to irregular and/or impulsive eating patterns often leading to compromised physical condition. The goal of the present study was to statistically evaluate parental scoring of patterned eating behaviors and associated lifestyles within a cohort of 100 boys diagnosed with ADHD in comparison to age-matched male controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population consisted of 100 boys aged 6-10 years diagnosed with mixed type ADHD by DSM-IV criteria and 100 aged-matched healthy male control subjects. Patterns of eating behaviors and associated lifestyles were scored by structured parental interviews using a nominal rating scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Interview scores indicated statistically significant differences in patterned eating behaviors in subjects with ADHD in comparison to healthy controls. Notably, subjects diagnosed with ADHD exhibited markedly diminished adherence to a traditional breakfast, lunch, and dinner schedule, which was linked to a significantly higher frequency (>5/day) of irregular eating times. In the ADHD cohort, disruptive patterns of eating behaviors were associated with diminished nutritional value of ingested food (expressed as lowered content of fruits and vegetables) and increased consumption of sweetened beverages.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Disruptive patterns of eating behaviors, metabolically unfavorable nutritional status, and diminished physical activities of male children diagnosed with ADHD are linked to compromised growth and development and appearance of metabolic diseases in adulthood.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Cognitive and Molecular Neuroscience, 1st Medical Faculty of Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Radek
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ptacek
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Cognitive and Molecular Neuroscience, 1st Medical Faculty of Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Hana
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kuzelova
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Research Institute, State University of New York Old Westbury, New York, USA.
authors.forename: George B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Stefano
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Cognitive and Molecular Neuroscience, 1st Medical Faculty of Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jiří
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Raboch
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Cognitive and Molecular Neuroscience, 1st Medical Faculty of Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Tereza
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sadkova
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Psychiatry, 2nd Medical Faculty of Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goetz
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Research Institute, State University of New York Old Westbury, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Richard M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Kream
mesh_terms: D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000150:complications*; D001942:Breast Feeding; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D003201:Computers; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D013690:Television; D014675:Vegetables
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