Upscale energy transfer in three-dimensional rapidly rotating turbulent convection.
Rotating Rayleigh-Bénard convection exhibits, in the limit of rapid rotation, a turbulent state known as geostrophic turbulence. This state is present for sufficiently large Rayleigh numbers representing the thermal forcing of the system, and is characterized by a leading order balance between the Coriolis force and pressure gradient. This turbulent state is itself unstable to the generation of depth-independent or barotropic vortex structures of ever larger scale through a process known as spectral condensation. This process involves an inverse cascade mechanism with a positive feedback loop whereby large-scale barotropic vortices organize small scale convective eddies. In turn, these eddies provide a dynamically evolving energy source for the large-scale barotropic component. Kinetic energy spectra for the barotropic dynamics are consistent with a k-3 downscale enstrophy cascade and an upscale cascade that steepens to k-3 as the box-scale condensate forms. At the same time the flow maintains a baroclinic convective component with an inertial range consistent with a k-5/3 spectrum. The condensation process resembles a similar process in two dimensions but is fully three-dimensional.
Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA.
Antonio M
AM
Rubio
Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA.
Keith
K
Julien
Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
Edgar
E
Knobloch
Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA.
Jeffrey B
JB
Weiss