Smoking effect on chemokines of the human chronic periodontitis.
OBJECTIVE
Evaluate the effects of smoking on chemokines of the human chronic periodontitis (CP).


METHODS
Gingival samples were obtained from 23 smokers (S) and 20 non-smokers (NS) diagnosed with CP. Periodontal examination was performed. The CCL2, CCL3, CCL5, CCL19, CCL20, and CXCL8 chemokine levels were measured in gingival tissues using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Chemokines were compared between S and NS, and were correlated with the number of cigarettes per day (C/day) and time of the smoking habit in years (SH/years).


RESULTS
CCL3 and CXCL8 of S were significantly smaller than that found in NS subjects, whereas the CCL5 levels increased in the S group. Negative correlations could be observed between CCL19 levels and SH/year.


CONCLUSIONS
Smoking suppresses the immune response which may contribute to an increased susceptibility to periodontal disease in smokers.
Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology. School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Electronic address: grsouto@hotmail.com.
Giovanna Ribeiro
GR
Souto
Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology. School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
Celso Martins
CM
Queiroz-Junior
Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology. School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
Fernando Oliveira
FO
Costa
Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology. School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
Ricardo Alves
RA
Mesquita
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018925:Chemokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000276:immunology*; D004198:Disease Susceptibility / Q000276:immunology; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D005881:Gingiva / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D055815:Young Adult
D018925:Chemokines
Chemokines; Periodontal disease; Smoking