Self-emulsification of alkaline-dissolved clove bud oil by whey protein, gum arabic, lecithin, and their combinations.
Low-cost emulsification technologies using food ingredients are critical to various applications. In the present study, a novel self-emulsification technique was studied to prepare clove bud oil (CBO) emulsions, without specialized equipment or organic solvents. CBO was first dissolved in hot alkaline solutions, added at 1% v/v into neutral solutions with 1% w/v emulsifier composed of whey protein concentrate (WPC), gum arabic, lecithin, or their equal mass mixtures, and adjusted to pH 7.0. The self-emulsification process did not affect UV-vis absorption spectrum, reversed-phase HPLC chromatogram, or antimicrobial activity of CBO against Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes Scott A, and Salmonella Enteritidis. The entrapment efficiency after extraction by petroleum ether was determined to be about 80%. Most emulsions were stable during 7 days of storage. Emulsions prepared with WPC had smaller particles, whereas emulsions prepared with emulsifier mixtures had more stable particle dimensions. The studied self-emulsification technique may find numerous applications in the preparation of low-cost food emulsions.
Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Tennessee in Knoxville , Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States.
Yangchao
Y
Luo
Yue
Y
Zhang
Kang
K
Pan
Faith
F
Critzer
P Michael
PM
Davidson
Qixin
Q
Zhong
D000468:Alkalies / Q000737:chemistry*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D045783:Clove Oil / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004655:Emulsions / Q000737:chemistry; D006170:Gum Arabic / Q000737:chemistry*; D054709:Lecithins / Q000737:chemistry*; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D027842:Syzygium / Q000737:chemistry*; D000067816:Whey Proteins
D000468:Alkalies; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D045783:Clove Oil; D004655:Emulsions; D054709:Lecithins; D008894:Milk Proteins; D000067816:Whey Proteins; D006170:Gum Arabic