Coupled exposure to ingredients of cosmetic products: III. Ultraviolet filters.
BACKGROUND
The use of cosmetics exposes consumers to mixtures of ingredients, many of which are potential allergens. Ultraviolet (UV) filters are used not just in sunscreens, but also in other products. Many UV filters are known contact allergens and photoallergens.


OBJECTIVE
To examine the pattern of co-exposure to UV filters in cosmetics.


METHODS
A survey of products marketed in Germany, conducted in 2006-2009 by the Chemical and Veterinary Investigation Office in Karlsruhe, identified 4447 products (of all 5667 cosmetic products examined) (i) that were categorizable according to Annex I to the Cosmetics Directive, and (ii) with information on the presence of UV filters or zinc oxide. The occurrence and co-occurrence of UV filters were analysed and presented in tabular and graphical format.


RESULTS
UV filters or zinc oxide were present in 22.5% of all 4447 products, ranging from almost 100% in sunscreens to a few per cent in, for example, some hair products; they were absent in two product categories. Frequently, several different UV filters were included in one product, for example in sunscreens (median 4) and in perfumes (median 3). The overall most frequent UV filters were butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane and titanium dioxide, combined mostly with octocrylene in sunscreens and with ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate in creams.


CONCLUSIONS
The frequent co-occurrence of UV filters in cosmetic products possibly facilitates sensitization, and may explain why patients often react to chemically unrelated UV filters.
Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen/Nürnberg, D-91054, Erlangen, Germany.
Wolfgang
W
Uter
Margarida
M
Gonçalo
Kerem
K
Yazar
Eva-Maria
EM
Kratz
Gerd
G
Mildau
Carola
C
Lidén
D000179:Acrylates / Q000032:analysis; D000473:Alkanes / Q000032:analysis; D000485:Allergens / Q000032:analysis*; D002083:Butylated Hydroxyanisole / Q000032:analysis; D047188:Chalcones / Q000032:analysis; D002934:Cinnamates / Q000032:analysis; D003358:Cosmetics / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry*; D017449:Dermatitis, Allergic Contact / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D011427:Propiophenones; D013473:Sunscreening Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D014025:Titanium / Q000032:analysis; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000032:analysis
D000179:Acrylates; D000473:Alkanes; D000485:Allergens; D047188:Chalcones; D002934:Cinnamates; D003358:Cosmetics; D011427:Propiophenones; D013473:Sunscreening Agents; C516303:ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate; C009495:titanium dioxide; D002083:Butylated Hydroxyanisole; C088673:octocrylene; D014025:Titanium; C049935:avobenzone; D015034:Zinc Oxide
UV filters; cosmetics; exposure analysis; ingredient label