Personalized medicine: genetic diagnosis for inherited cardiomyopathies/channelopathies.
Major advances in the field of molecular genetics have expanded our ability to identify genetic substrates underlying the pathogenesis of various disorders that follow Mendelian inheritance patterns. Included among these disorders are the potentially lethal and heritable channelopathies and cardiomyopathies for which the underlying genetic basis has been identified and is now better understood. Clinical and genetic heterogeneity are hallmark features of these disorders, with thousands of gene mutations being implicated within these divergent cardiovascular diseases. Genetic testing for several of these heritable channelopathies and cardiomyopathies has matured from discovery to research-based genetic testing to clinically/commercially available diagnostic tests. The purpose of this review is to provide the reader with a basic understanding of human medical genetics and genetic testing in the context of cardiovascular diseases of the heart. We review the state of clinical genetic testing for the more common channelopathies and cardiomyopathies, discuss some of the pertinent issues that arise from genetic testing, and discuss the future of personalized medicine in cardiovascular disease.
Departments of Medicine (Division of Cardiovacular Diseases), Pediatrics (Division of Pediatric Cardiology), and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States. Electronic address: ackerman.michael@mayo.edu.
Michael J
MJ
Ackerman
Departments of Medicine (Division of Cardiovacular Diseases), Pediatrics (Division of Pediatric Cardiology), and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States.
Cherisse A
CA
Marcou
Departments of Medicine (Division of Cardiovacular Diseases), Pediatrics (Division of Pediatric Cardiology), and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States.
David J
DJ
Tester
D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000628:therapy; D053447:Channelopathies / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000628:therapy; D005817:Genetic Counseling; D005820:Genetic Testing; D006801:Humans; D057285:Precision Medicine / Q000639:trends*