Evaluation of the thin agar layer method for the recovery of pressure-injured and heat-injured Listeria monocytogenes.
A sublethally injured bacterial cell has been defined as a cell that survives a stress such as heating, freezing, acid treatment, or other antimicrobial intervention but can repair the cellular damage exerted by the stressor and later regain its original ability to grow. Consequently, sublethally injured cells are not likely to be included in conventional enumeration procedures, which could result in unrealistically low counts unless efforts are made to encourage recovery of the injured cells before enumeration. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of the thin agar layer (TAL) method for the recovery of pressure-injured and heat-injured Listeria monocytogenes in a tryptic soy broth with 0.6% yeast extract system. Pressure injury consisted of treatment of a culture of mixed L. monocytogenes strains with high hydrostatic pressure at 400 or 600 MPa for 1 s, 2 min, 4 min, or 6 min at a process temperature of 12±2 °C. Heat injury consisted of treatment of a culture of mixed L. monocytogenes strains at 60±1 °C for 3, 6, or 9 min. Growth media were tryptic soy agar (TSA) with 0.6% yeast extract, modified Oxford medium (MOX), and TAL, which consisted of a 7-ml layer of TSA overlaid onto solidified MOX. Counts of viable L. monocytogenes on TAL were higher than those on MOX in the heat-injury experiment but not in the pressure-injury experiment. Therefore, the effectiveness of the TAL method may be specific to the type of injury applied to the microorganism and should be investigated in a variety of cellular injury scenarios.
Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3150, USA.
Nicolas A
NA
Lavieri
Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3150, USA. sebranek@iastate.edu.
Joseph G
JG
Sebranek
Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3150, USA.
Joseph C
JC
Cordray
Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3150, USA.
James S
JS
Dickson
Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3150, USA.
Stephanie
S
Jung
Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3150, USA.
David K
DK
Manu
Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3150, USA.
Aubrey F
AF
Mendonça
Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3150, USA.
Byron F
BF
Brehm-Stecher
Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3150, USA.
Joseph
J
Stock
Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3150, USA.
Kenneth J
KJ
Stalder
D000362:Agar; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D003470:Culture Media / Q000378:metabolism; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008089:Listeria monocytogenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D050296:Microbial Viability; D011312:Pressure; D013696:Temperature
D003470:Culture Media; D000362:Agar