Does the ISNT Rule Apply to the Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer?
OBJECTIVE
To determine whether the ISNT rule (Inferior>Superior>Nasal>Temporal) or the "IST" rule (Inferior>Superior>Temporal) can be applied to the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness as measured using Heidelberg Retinal Tomography (HRT) and Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT).


METHODS
This was a cross-sectional study of 189 normal and 42 glaucomatous eyes. RNFL thicknesses measured in different quadrants using HRT and OCT were compared to determine the percentage of eyes obeying the ISNT and IST rule.


RESULTS
The HRT-measured mean RNFL thickness in normal eyes showed that 25.9% obeyed the ISNT rule and 70.4% conformed to the "IST" rule. The "IST" rule was able to identify normal eyes better (P=0.040), but had a poor sensitivity (45%) and specificity (70%) to diagnose glaucoma. The OCT-measured average RNFL thickness showed that 47.1% of normal eyes obeyed the ISNT rule and 58.7% conformed to the "IST" rule. Exclusion of the nasal sector also increased the number of glaucomatous eyes conforming to the IST rule (31% obeyed the ISNT rule and 50% obeyed the IST rule). Sensitivities and specificities of the ISNT and the IST rules for OCT-quantified RNFL ranged from 42% to 77%.


CONCLUSIONS
A larger number of normal eyes obeyed the IST rule compared with the ISNT rule for the RNFL thickness measured by HRT and OCT. Exclusion of the nasal sector from the analysis (IST rule) marginally improved the specificity in diagnosing glaucoma at the cost of the sensitivity, making neither of these parameters (ISNT and IST) likely to be useful clinically.
Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
Zia S
ZS
Pradhan
Andrew
A
Braganza
Lekha M
LM
Abraham
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D006068:Gonioscopy; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D009412:Nerve Fibers / Q000473:pathology; D009898:Optic Disk / Q000473:pathology; D009901:Optic Nerve Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000473:pathology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000379:methods; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014065:Tonometry, Ocular