Evolution of the melanocortin system.
The melanocortin system is one of the most complex of the hormonal systems. It involves different agonists encoded in the multiplex precursor proopiomelanocortin (POMC) or in different genes as β-defensins, endogenous antagonist, like agouti-signalling protein (ASIP) or agouti-related protein (AGRP), and five different melanocortin receptors (MCRs). Rounds of whole genome duplication events have preceded the functional and molecular diversification of the family in addition some co-evolutionary and tandem duplication processes have been proposed. The evolutionary patterns of the different partners are controversial and different hypotheses have emerged from a study of the sequenced genomes. In this review, we summarize the different evolutionary hypotheses proposed for the different melanocortin partners.
Department of Fish Physiology and Biotechnology, Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain.
Raúl
R
Cortés
Department of Fish Physiology and Biotechnology, Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain.
Sandra
S
Navarro
Department of Fish Physiology and Biotechnology, Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain.
Maria Josep
MJ
Agulleiro
Department of Fish Physiology and Biotechnology, Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain.
Raúl
R
Guillot
Department of Fish Physiology and Biotechnology, Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain.
Víctor
V
García-Herranz
Department of Fish Physiology and Biotechnology, Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain.
Elisa
E
Sánchez
Department of Fish Physiology and Biotechnology, Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain. Electronic address: jm.cerda.reverter@csic.es.
José Miguel
JM
Cerdá-Reverter
D054366:Agouti Signaling Protein / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D054369:Agouti-Related Protein / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D006801:Humans; D053486:Melanocortins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011333:Pro-Opiomelanocortin / Q000235:genetics*; D044101:Receptors, Melanocortin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics*; D017385:Sequence Homology
D054366:Agouti Signaling Protein; D054369:Agouti-Related Protein; D053486:Melanocortins; D044101:Receptors, Melanocortin; D011333:Pro-Opiomelanocortin
ACTH; AGOUTI; AGRP; MRAP; MSH; POMC