Seed dressing pesticides on springtails in two ecotoxicological laboratory tests.
Terrestrial ecotoxicological tests are powerful tools for assessing the ecological risks that pesticides pose to soil invertebrates, but they are rarely used to evaluate seed dressing pesticides. This study investigated the effects of seed dressing pesticides on survival and reproduction of Folsomia candida (Collembola), using standardized ecotoxicological tests (after ISO guidelines with few adaptations for tropical conditions). Commercial formulations of five seed dressing pesticides were tested individually in Tropical Artificial Soil (TAS): the insecticides imidacloprid, fipronil, thiametoxam, and the fungicides captan and carboxin+thiram. Thiametoxam, captan, and carboxin+thiram were only lethal to F. candida at the highest concentration tested (1000mg of active ingredient kg(-1) of dry soil). Imidacloprid and fipronil were lethal at lower concentrations (100 and 10mg a.i. kg(-1) soil d.w, respectively), however, these concentrations were much higher than those predicted (PEC) for soil. Imidacloprid and fipronil were the most toxic pesticides in both tests, reducing significantly collembolan reproduction (EC20=0.02 and 0.12mga.i.kg(-1) soil d.w, respectively). Further studies under more realistic conditions are needed, since imidacloprid and fipronil reduced collembolan reproduction at concentrations below or close to their respective PECs.
Department of Soil Science, University of São Paulo, Avenida Pádua Dias, 10, 13416-900 Piracicaba, Brazil; Department of Agronomy, State University of Londrina, 86051990 Londrina, Brazil. Electronic address: pauloroger@usp.br.
Paulo Roger L
PR
Alves
Department of Soil Science, University of São Paulo, Avenida Pádua Dias, 10, 13416-900 Piracicaba, Brazil.
Elke J B N
EJ
Cardoso
Department of Soil Science, University of São Paulo, Avenida Pádua Dias, 10, 13416-900 Piracicaba, Brazil.
Alexandre M
AM
Martines
IMAR-CMA, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, P3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal.
José Paulo
JP
Sousa
Department of Agronomy, State University of Londrina, 86051990 Londrina, Brazil.
Amarildo
A
Pasini
D000818:Animals; D001181:Arthropods / Q000187:drug effects*; D054750:Ecotoxicology; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D010575:Pesticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018675:Toxicity Tests
D010575:Pesticides
Collembola; Environmental risk assessment; Folsomia candida; Seed treatment; Soil ecotoxicology; Soil fauna