Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) in fish, seafood products and fish oil in Spain.
A total of 84 samples of wild and farmed fish, cephalopods and fish oils for animal feeding, traded in Spain, were analysed for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) in 2009-2012, by gas chromatography-ion trap tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS-MS). The method was optimised for screening at moderate costs, allowing PCDD/Fs determination at 1 pg World Health Organization-toxic equivalent quantities (WHO-TEQ) g⁻¹ wet weight (w w) and dl-PCBs at 0.02 pg WHO-TEQ g⁻¹ w w. Concentrations in fish and cephalopods ranged from values below the limit of detection to 1.7 pg g⁻¹ WHO-TEQ sum PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs, considered as safe with regard to EU legislation. Higher levels were found in cod livers (5.4-54.2) and fish oils (3.3-30.7), with one noncompliant sample in each group.
a ANFACO-CECOPESCA , Food Safety , Vigo , Spain.
Lucía
L
Blanco
Aníbal
A
Martínez
Martiña
M
Ferreira
Juan
J
Vieites
Ana
A
Cabado
D000818:Animals; D000835:Animals, Wild; D017756:Aquaculture; D001572:Benzofurans / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D049830:Cephalopoda; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D005062:European Union; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000032:analysis* / Q000191:economics / Q000592:standards; D005396:Fish Products / Q000032:analysis / Q000191:economics / Q000592:standards; D005399:Fishes; D005506:Food Contamination; D005513:Food Inspection; D057141:Food, Preserved / Q000032:analysis / Q000191:economics; D005628:Frozen Foods / Q000032:analysis / Q000191:economics; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006291:Health Policy; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D017747:Seafood / Q000032:analysis* / Q000191:economics / Q000592:standards; D012758:Shellfish / Q000032:analysis* / Q000191:economics / Q000592:standards; D013030:Spain
D001572:Benzofurans; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D005395:Fish Oils; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; C023614:dibenzofuran; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls
PCBs; dioxins; fish; fish oil; gas chromatography–ion trap tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS-MS); seafood