Heat generated by dental implant drills during osteotomy-a review: heat generated by dental implant drills.
BACKGROUND
Osseointegration is the more stable situation and results in a high success rate of dental implants. Heat generation during rotary cutting is one of the important factors influencing the development of osseointegration.


OBJECTIVE
To assess the various factors related to implant drills responsible for heat generation during osteotomy.


METHODS
To identify suitable literature, an electronic search was performed using Medline and Pubmed database. Articles published in between 1960 to February 2013 were searched. The search is focused on heat generated by dental implant drills during osteotomy. Various factors related to implant drill such effect of number of blades; drill design, drill fatigue, drill speed and force applied during osteotomies which were responsible for heat generation were reviewed. Titles and abstracts were screened, and literature that fulfilled the inclusion criteria was selected for a full-text reading.


RESULTS
The initial literature search resulted in 299 articles out of which only 70 articles fulfils the inclusion criteria and were included in this systematic review. Many factors related to implant drill responsible for heat generation were found. Successful preparation of an implant cavity with minimal damage to the surrounding bone depends on the avoidance of excessive temperature generation during surgical drilling.


CONCLUSIONS
The relationship between heat generated and implant drilling osteotomy is multifactorial in nature and its complexity has not been fully studied. Lack of scientific knowledge regarding this issue still exists. Further studies should be conducted to determine the various factors which generate less heat while osteotomy such as ideal ratio of force and speed in vivo, exact time to replace a drill, ideal drill design, irrigation system, drill-bone contact area.
Department of Maxillofacial Prosthodontics and Implantology, Rishiraj College of Dental Sciences & Research Centre, Bhopal, 462036 Madhya Pradesh India.
Sunil Kumar
SK
Mishra
Branemark Osseointegration Center India, Golden Plaza Complex, Court Road, Gulbarga, 585103 Karnataka India.
Ramesh
R
Chowdhary
Dental implants osteotomy; Drill cooling; Heat generation; Implant drill design; Surface contact area