Fabrication of anti-aging TiO2 nanotubes on biomedical Ti alloys.
The primary objective of this study was to fabricate a TiO2 nanotubular surface, which could maintain hydrophilicity over time (resist aging). In order to achieve non-aging hydrophilic surfaces, anodization and annealing conditions were optimized. This is the first study to show that anodization and annealing condition affect the stability of surface hydrophilicity. Our results indicate that maintenance of hydrophilicity of the obtained TiO2 nanotubes was affected by anodization voltage and annealing temperature. Annealing sharply decreased the water contact angle (WCA) of the as-synthesized TiO2 nanotubular surface, which was correlated to improved hydrophilicity. TiO2 nanotubular surfaces are transformed to hydrophilic surfaces after annealing, regardless of annealing and anodization conditions; however, WCA measurements during aging demonstrate that surface hydrophilicity of non-anodized and 20 V anodized samples decreased after only 11 days of aging, while the 60 V anodized samples maintained their hydrophilicity over the same time period. The nanotubes obtained by 60 V anodization followed by 600 °C annealing maintained their hydrophilicity significantly longer than nanotubes which were obtained by 60 V anodization followed by 300 °C annealing.
Department of Mechanical Engineering-Engineering Mechanics, Multi-Scale Technologies Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, United States of America.
Azhang
A
Hamlekhan
Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.
Arman
A
Butt
Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.
Sweetu
S
Patel
Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.
Dmitry
D
Royhman
Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.
Christos
C
Takoudis
Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.
Cortino
C
Sukotjo
Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.
Judy
J
Yuan
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.
Gregory
G
Jursich
Department of Orthopedics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.
Mathew T
MT
Mathew
Research Resources Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.
William
W
Hendrickson
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.
Amarjit
A
Virdi
Department of Mechanical Engineering-Engineering Mechanics, Multi-Scale Technologies Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, United States of America; Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America; Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.
Tolou
T
Shokuhfar
D000497:Alloys / Q000737:chemistry*; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D004566:Electrodes; D006358:Hot Temperature; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D007368:Interferometry / Q000379:methods; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning / Q000379:methods; D043942:Nanotubes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
D000497:Alloys; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D014867:Water; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium