Modality effect on contextual integration in people with Williams syndrome.
In this study meaningful social stimuli were used as probes in a task requiring the judgment of semantic appropriateness to investigate contextual integration ability to test the ability of people with Williams syndrome (WS) to integrate information, as opposed to the use of meaningless syllables in audiovisual studies (the McGurk effect). Participants were presented with background auditory primes followed by targets that were either congruent or incongruent with the prime. Two modes of target were presented: a visual target (AV task) or an auditory target (AA task). Participants were asked to respond yes to contextually appropriate pairs and no to those that were contextually inappropriate. The congruency effect was measured as an index of successful central coherence. Similar to normally developing controls, people with WS showed shorter response latencies and greater accuracy in recognizing congruent pairs compared with incongruent pairs. Their performance did not differ from that of controls matched by mental age, but was inferior to that of controls matched by chronological age. The results revealed generalized contextual integration for auditory primes in both tasks, consistent with previous studies using visual presentation of social-related stimuli in people with WS (Hsu, 2013a, 2013c). Further demonstration of the presence of a modality effect on contextual coherence implies that cross-modal learning may be advantageous compared with unimodal learning.
Huafan University, Department of Foreign Languages and Literature, 1 Huafan Road, Shiding, Taipei 22301, Taiwan. Electronic address: chinghsu@cc.hfu.edu.tw.
Ching-Fen
CF
Hsu
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001245:Association Learning; D056348:Emotional Intelligence; D005260:Female; D005793:Generalization, Psychological; D006801:Humans; D007600:Judgment; D008297:Male; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual; D011930:Reaction Time; D021641:Recognition, Psychology; D060865:Repetition Priming; D060685:Sense of Coherence; D012931:Social Environment; D013067:Speech Perception; D018980:Williams Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult
Central coherence; Contextual integration; Modality effect; Syndrome-general deficiency; Williams syndrome