Hemiplegic shoulder pain: an approach to diagnosis and management.
Stroke is a significant source of mortality and long-term disability in the United States. Of persons who survive a stroke, approximately 50% will have hemiplegia, half of whom will live with a nonfunctional arm. Hemiplegic shoulder pain (HSP), which occurs in most patients with hemiplegia, reduces participation and worsens outcomes in rehabilitation. Management of HSP is challenging because its causes are multifactorial and there is limited, conflicting, or nonspecific evidence in support of most treatments. This article develops an effective approach for diagnosis and treatment using the best available evidence to aid practitioners in obtaining optimal results.
Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pennsylvania, 1800 Lombard Street, 1st Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19146, USA. Electronic address: john.vasudevan@uphs.upenn.edu.
John M
JM
Vasudevan
Rehabilitation Medicine, Magee Rehabilitation Hospital, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 1513 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA.
Barbara J
BJ
Browne
D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006429:Hemiplegia / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000534:rehabilitation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009989:Orthotic Devices; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011379:Prognosis; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D020069:Shoulder Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D000700:Analgesics
Hemiplegic shoulder pain; Poststroke shoulder pain; Shoulder subluxation; Stroke rehabilitation