Evaluation of strong cation-exchange polymers for the determination of drugs by solid-phase extraction-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
This paper presents eight distinct strong cation-exchange resins, all of which were derived from precursor resins that had been synthesised using either precipitation polymerisation or non-aqueous dispersion polymerisation. The precursor resins were transformed into the corresponding strong cation-exchange resins by hypercrosslinking followed by polymer analogous reactions, to yield materials with high specific surface areas and strong cation-exchange character. These novel resins were then evaluated as strong cation-exchange (SCX) sorbents in the solid-phase extraction (SPE) of a group of drugs from aqueous samples. Following preliminary experiments, the two best-performing resins were then evaluated in solid-phase extraction-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (SPE/LC-MS/MS) to determine a group of drugs from sewage samples. In general, use of these sorbents led to excellent recovery values (75-100%) for most of the target drugs and negligible matrix effects (ME) (<20% ion suppression/enhancement of the analyte signal), when 50mL and 25mL of effluent and influent sewage water samples, respectively, were percolated through the resins. Finally, a validated method based on SPE/LC-MS/MS was used to quantify the target drugs present in different sewage samples.
Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescelades Marcel lí Domingo, s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain. Electronic address: nuria.fontanals@urv.cat.
Núria
N
Fontanals
Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescelades Marcel lí Domingo, s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
Núria
N
Miralles
WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland, UK.
Norhayati
N
Abdullah
WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland, UK.
Arlene
A
Davies
Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescelades Marcel lí Domingo, s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
Núria
N
Gilart
WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland, UK.
P A G
PA
Cormack
D002411:Cation Exchange Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
D002411:Cation Exchange Resins; D011108:Polymers; D012722:Sewage; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
Matrix effect; Recovery; Sewage; Solid-phase extraction; Strong cation-exchange