Disturbed dreaming during the third trimester of pregnancy.
OBJECTIVE
The majority of women develop sleep impairments during pregnancy, but alterations in dream experiences remain poorly understood. This study aimed to assess prospectively and comparatively the recall of dreaming and of disturbed dreaming in late pregnancy.


METHODS
Fifty-seven nulliparous, third-trimester pregnant women (mean age±SD, 28.7±4.06 years) and 59 non-pregnant controls (mean age±SD, 26.8±4.21 years) completed demographics and psychological questionnaires. A 14-day prospective home log assessed sleep and dream characteristics and the Sleep Disorders Questionnaire measured retrospective dream and disturbed dream recall.


RESULTS
Even though pregnant and non-pregnant women showed similar prospective dream recall (P=0.47), pregnant women reported prospectively more bad dreams (P=0.004). More pregnant women (21%) than non-pregnant women (7%) reported a nightmare incidence exceeding moderately severe pathology (>1/week) (P=0.03). Pregnant women also reported overall lower sleep quality (P=0.007) and more night awakenings (P=0.003). Higher prospective recall of bad dreams (r = -0.40, P=0.002) and nightmares (r = -0.32, P=0.001) both correlated with lower sleep quality in pregnant women.


CONCLUSIONS
Late pregnancy is a period of markedly increased dysphoric dream imagery that may be a major contributor to impaired sleep at this time. Further polysomnographic assessments of pregnant women are needed to clarify relationships between sleep and disturbed dream production in this population.
Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada.
Jessica
J
Lara-Carrasco
Department of Psychology, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.
Valérie
V
Simard
Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada.
Kadia
K
Saint-Onge
Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada.
Vickie
V
Lamoureux-Tremblay
Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada. Electronic address: tore.nielsen@umontreal.ca.
Tore
T
Nielsen
D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004325:Dreams / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third / Q000502:physiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
Bad dreams; Disturbed dream recall; Dream recall; Nightmares; Pregnancy; Prospective and retrospective dream collection methods; Sleep quality