Common variants on 9p21.3 are associated with brain arteriovenous malformations with accompanying arterial aneurysms.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate whether previously reported 9p21.3 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with risk of brain arteriovenous malformations (BAVM), which often have accompanying arterial aneurysms. Common variants in the 9p21.3 locus have been reported to be associated with multiple cardiovascular phenotypes, including coronary artery disease and intracranial aneurysms (rs10757278 and rs1333040).


METHODS
We used data from 338 BAVM cases participating in the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF)-Kaiser Brain AVM Study Project and 504 healthy controls to evaluate genotypes for seven common SNPs (minor allele frequency>0.05) that were imputed using 1000 Genomes Phase 1 European data (R(2)>0.87). Association with BAVM was tested using logistic regression adjusting for age, sex and the top three principal components of ancestry. Subgroup analysis included 205 BAVM cases with aneurysm data: 74 BAVM with aneurysm versus 504 controls and 131 BAVM without aneurysm versus 504 controls.


RESULTS
We observed suggestive association with BAVM and rs10757278-G (OR=1.23, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.53, p=0.064) and rs1333040-T (OR=1.27, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.58, p=0.04). For rs10757278-G, the association was stronger in BAVM cases with aneurysm (OR=1.52, 95% CI 1.03 to 2.22, p=0.032) than in BAVM without aneurysm (OR=0.98, 95% CI 0.72 to 1.34, p=0.91). Similar patterns of effects were observed for rs1333040 and for other SNPs in linkage disequilibrium (r(2)>0.8) with rs10757278.


CONCLUSIONS
Common 9p21.3 variants showed similar effect sizes for association with BAVM as previously reported for aneurysmal disease. The association with BAVM appears to be explained by known associations with aneurysms, suggesting that BAVM-associated aneurysms share similar vascular pathology mechanisms with other aneurysm types.
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, Center for Cerebrovascular Research, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA Kaiser Permanente of Northern California, Division of Research, Oakland, California, USA.
Nasrine
N
Bendjilali
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, Center for Cerebrovascular Research, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
Jeffrey
J
Nelson
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, Center for Cerebrovascular Research, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
Shantel
S
Weinsheimer
Kaiser Northern California Division of Research, San Francisco, California, USA.
Stephen
S
Sidney
Kaiser Permanente of Northern California, Division of Research, Oakland, California, USA.
Jonathan G
JG
Zaroff
Division of Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
Steven W
SW
Hetts
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
Mark
M
Segal
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, Center for Cerebrovascular Research, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
Ludmila
L
Pawlikowska
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
Charles E
CE
McCulloch
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, Center for Cerebrovascular Research, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
William L
WL
Young
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, Center for Cerebrovascular Research, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
Helen
H
Kim
D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002899:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9 / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics*; D002538:Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*
CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE; GENETICS