New evidence of ethanol's anxiolytic properties in the infant rat.
Ethanol induces appetitive, aversive, and anxiolytic effects that are involved in the development of ethanol use and dependence. Because early ethanol exposure produces later increased responsiveness to ethanol, considerable effort has been devoted to analysis of ethanol's appetitive and aversive properties during early ontogeny. Yet, there is a relative scarcity of research related to the anxiolytic effects of ethanol during early infancy, perhaps explained by a lack of age-appropriate tests. The main aim of this study was to validate a model for the assessment of ethanol's anxiolytic effects in the infant rat (postnatal days 13-16). The potentially anxiolytic effects of ethanol tested included: i) amelioration of conditioned place aversion, ii) ethanol intake in the presence of an aversive conditioned stimulus, iii) the inhibitory behavioral effect in an anxiogenic environment, and iv) innate aversion to a brightly illuminated area in a modified light/dark paradigm. Ethanol doses employed across experiments were 0.0, 0.5, and 2.0 g/kg. Results indicated that a low ethanol dose (0.5 g/kg) was effective in attenuating expression of a conditioned aversion. Ethanol intake, however, was unaffected by simultaneous exposure to an aversive stimulus. An anxiogenic environment diminished ethanol-induced locomotor stimulation. Finally, animals given 0.5 g/kg ethanol and evaluated in a light/dark box showed increased time spent in the illuminated area and increased latency to escape from the brightly lit compartment than rats treated with a higher dose of ethanol or vehicle. These new results suggest that ethanol doses as low as 0.5 g/kg are effective in ameliorating an aversive and/or anxiogenic state in preweanling rats. These behavioral preparations can be used to assess ethanol's anxiolytic properties during early development.
Department of Psychology, Center for Development and Behavioral Neuroscience, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA. Electronic address: smiranda@immf.uncor.edu.
Roberto Sebastián
RS
Miranda-Morales
Department of Psychology, Center for Development and Behavioral Neuroscience, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA.
Michael E
ME
Nizhnikov
Department of Psychology, Center for Development and Behavioral Neuroscience, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA.
Dustin H
DH
Waters
Department of Psychology, Center for Development and Behavioral Neuroscience, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA.
Norman E
NE
Spear
D000375:Aging; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D000818:Animals; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003213:Conditioning, Psychological / Q000187:drug effects; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005106:Exploratory Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects*; D011759:Pyrrolidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D011759:Pyrrolidines; D000431:Ethanol; C051272:spiradoline
Anxiolysis; Conditioned aversion; Ethanol motivational properties; Infant rat; Light/dark test