Effects of fibrinogen concentration on fibrin glue and bone powder scaffolds in bone regeneration.
Fibrin polymers are widely used in the tissue engineering field as biomaterials. Although numerous researchers have studied the fabrication of scaffolds using fibrin glue (FG) and bone powder, the effects of varied fibrinogen content during the fabrication of scaffolds on human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and bone regeneration remain poorly understood. In this study, we formulated scaffolds using demineralized bone powder and various fibrinogen concentrations and analyzed the microstructure and mechanical properties. Cell proliferation, cell viability, and osteoblast differentiation assays were performed. The ability of the scaffold to enhance bone regeneration was evaluated using a rabbit calvarial defect model. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) showed that bone powders were uniformly distributed on the scaffolds, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the fibrin networks and flattened fibrin layers connected adjacent bone powder particles. When an 80 mg/mL fibrinogen solution was used to formulate scaffolds, the porosity decreased 41.6 ± 3.6%, while the compressive strength increased 1.16 ± 0.02 Mpa, when compared with the values for the 10 mg/mL fibrinogen solution. Proliferation assays and SEM showed that the scaffolds prepared using higher fibrinogen concentrations supported and enhanced cell adhesion and proliferation. In addition, mRNA expression of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin in cells grown on the scaffolds increased with increasing fibrinogen concentration. Micro-CT and histological analysis revealed that newly formed bone was stimulated in the scaffold implantation group. Our results demonstrate that optimization of the fibrinogen content of fibrin glue/bone powder scaffolds will be beneficial for bone tissue engineering.
Wonkwang Bone Regeneration Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea; Bonecell Biotech Inc., 77 Dunsan-dong, Seo-gu, Daejeon 302-830, Republic of Korea.
Beom-Su
BS
Kim
Bonecell Biotech Inc., 77 Dunsan-dong, Seo-gu, Daejeon 302-830, Republic of Korea.
Hark-Mo
HM
Sung
Department of Periodontology, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea.
Hyung-Keun
HK
You
Wonkwang Bone Regeneration Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: omslee@wonkwang.ac.kr.
Jun
J
Lee
D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D019245:Compressive Strength; D005337:Fibrin / Q000737:chemistry; D015718:Fibrin Tissue Adhesive / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000378:metabolism; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D016062:Porosity; D011817:Rabbits; D012886:Skull / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D015718:Fibrin Tissue Adhesive; D015675:Osteocalcin; D005337:Fibrin; D005340:Fibrinogen; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase
Bone powder; Bone tissue engineering; Fibrin glue; Fibrinogen; Scaffold