Modern analytical supercritical fluid chromatography using columns packed with sub-2 μm particles: a tutorial.
This tutorial provides an overview of the possibilities, limitations and analytical conditions of modern analytical supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) using columns packed with sub-2 μm particles. In particular, it gives a detailed overview of commercially available modern SFC instrumentation and the detectors that can be employed (UV, MS, ELSD, FID, etc.). Some advice on the choice of the stationary phase dimensions and chemistries, the nature of the mobile phase (choice of organic modifier and additives) and its flow rate as well as the backpressure and temperature are also provided. Finally, several groups of potentially problematic compounds, including lipophilic compounds, hydrophilic substances and basic drugs, are discussed in detail. All these families of analytes can be resolved with SFC but require specific analytical conditions.
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové 500 05, Czech Republic. Electronic address: nol@email.cz.
Lucie
L
Nováková
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Boulevard d'Yvoy 20, Geneva 4 1211, Switzerland.
Alexandre Grand-Guillaume
AG
Perrenoud
Waters NV/SA, Connexion Business Park, Brusselsesteenweg 500, Zellik B-1731, Belgium.
Isabelle
I
Francois
University of Orléans, Institute of Organic and Analytical Chemistry (ICOA), CNRS UMR 7311, Pôle de Chimie, BP 6759, Orléans cedex 2 45067, France.
Caroline
C
West
University of Orléans, Institute of Organic and Analytical Chemistry (ICOA), CNRS UMR 7311, Pôle de Chimie, BP 6759, Orléans cedex 2 45067, France.
Eric
E
Lesellier
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Boulevard d'Yvoy 20, Geneva 4 1211, Switzerland.
Davy
D
Guillarme
D025924:Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D010316:Particle Size; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry
D012997:Solvents
Column selection; Mobile phase selection; Sub-2μm particles; Supercritical fluid chromatography; Tutorial; Ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography