Exploring family relationships through associations of comfort, relatedness states, and life closure in hospice patients: A pilot study.
OBJECTIVE
Research at the end of life tends to focus on the dying patient's symptoms, often overlooking issues associated with family interactions. However, many families struggle just to maintain or initiate these valuable connections. The purpose of our pilot study was to explore family relationships at the end of life and investigate associations among perceived comfort, relatedness states, and life closure.


METHODS
This descriptive study used a cross-sectional design, and a convenience sample (n = 30; 18 women; mean age = 71 years) was recruited from patients admitted to a large not-for-profit hospice in northeastern Ohio. In-person interviews using the Hospice Comfort Questionnaire, Relatedness States Visual Analog Scales, and the Life-Closure Scale provided data for analyses.


RESULTS
Family interactions that were not associated with the physical tasks of caregiving were related to life closure (r = 0.36, p = 0.001), and life closure and comfort were highly correlated (r = 0.69, p < 0.001). Participants residing in an inpatient setting had higher levels of involvement (t[18] = -2.07, p = 0.05) and comfort in relationships (t[28] = -2.06, p = 0.05) than those in the home setting.


CONCLUSIONS
This is the first known study investigating the associations among comfort, relatedness, and life closure at the end of life. The majority of participants had high levels of involvement and comfort in their relationships, and they preferred interactions that required minimal effort. Studies that focus on both patients' and family members' perceptions of relationships are needed as well as outcome studies that test simple interventions.
Kent State University College of Nursing,Kent, Ohio.
Dana M
DM
Hansen
Case Western Reserve University and Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center,Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio.
Patricia A
PA
Higgins
Assistant Professor,Case Western Reserve University,Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Cleveland, Ohio.
Camille Beckette
CB
Warner
Ursuline College,Breen School of Nursing, Cleveland, Ohio.
M Murray
MM
Mayo
D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005195:Family Relations / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D017051:Hospice Care; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D009820:Ohio; D010865:Pilot Projects
Family relationships at the end of life