Basal low antioxidant capacity correlates with cognitive deficits in early onset psychosis. A 2-year follow-up study.
The objective of the study is to examine the association of baseline total antioxidant status (TAS) and glutathione (GSH) levels with short- and long-term cognitive functioning in patients with early onset first-episode psychosis, comparing affective and non-affective psychoses. We analysed 105 patients with an early onset-first episode psychosis (age 9-17 years) and 97 healthy controls. Blood samples were taken at admission for measurement of TAS and GSH, and cognitive performance was assessed at baseline and at 2years of follow-up. Regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between TAS/GSH levels at baseline and cognitive performance at both time points, controlling for confounders. Baseline TAS and GSH levels were significantly lower in patients than healthy controls. In patients, baseline TAS was positively associated with the global cognition score at baseline (p=0.048) and two years later (p=0.005), while TAS was not associated with cognitive functioning in healthy controls. Further, baseline TAS in patients was specifically associated with the memory domain at baseline and with the memory and attention domains two years later. Stratifying by affective and non-affective psychoses, significant associations were only found between TAS and cognition in the non-affective psychosis group. Baseline GSH levels were not associated with cognitive functioning at either time point in either group. The antioxidant defence capacity in early onset first-episode psychotic patients is directly correlated with global cognition at baseline and at 2years of follow-up, especially in non-affective psychosis.
Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario de Alava, Vitoria, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental - CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; National Distance Education University (UNED)-Centro Asociado de Vitoria, Spain. Electronic address: monica.martinezcengotitabengoa@osakidetza.net.
Mónica
M
Martínez-Cengotitabengoa
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental - CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Neuropsychopharmacology and Psychobiology Research Group, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain.
Juan Antonio
JA
Micó
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental - CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, Madrid, Spain; Medical School, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
Celso
C
Arango
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental - CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, SGR-1119, Neurosciences Institute, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Spain.
Josefina
J
Castro-Fornieles
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, University Hospital Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain.
Montserrat
M
Graell
Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology Unit, University Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain.
Beatriz
B
Payá
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental - CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
Juan Carlos
JC
Leza
Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario de Alava, Vitoria, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental - CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
Iñaki
I
Zorrilla
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental - CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, Madrid, Spain.
Mara
M
Parellada
Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario de Alava, Vitoria, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental - CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; University of the Basque Country, Spain.
M Purificación
MP
López
Department of Psychiatry, Clinic Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.
Inmaculada
I
Baeza
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental - CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, Madrid, Spain.
Carmen
C
Moreno
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental - CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, Madrid, Spain.
Marta
M
Rapado-Castro
Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario de Alava, Vitoria, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental - CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; University of the Basque Country, Spain.
Ana
A
González-Pinto
D000293:Adolescent; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D002648:Child; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005978:Glutathione / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
D000975:Antioxidants; D005978:Glutathione
Cognition; First episode; Non-affective psychosis; Oxidative stress; Psychosis