Relationships between trait urgency, smoking reinforcement expectancies, and nicotine dependence.
Urgency (i.e., the tendency to act rashly during negative/positive affect) may increase vulnerability to a variety of risky behaviors. This cross-sectional study of nontreatment-seeking smokers examined the relationship between urgency, level of nicotine dependence, and smoking reinforcement expectancies. Both positive and negative urgency were associated with nicotine dependence. Mediational analyses illustrated that smoking reinforcement expectancies significantly accounted for urgency-dependence relations, with negative reinforcement expectancies displaying incremental mediational effects. If replicated and extended, these findings may support the use of treatments that modify beliefs regarding smoking reinforcement outcomes as a means of buffering the risk of nicotine dependence carried by urgency.
a Department of Preventive Medicine , University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine , Los Angeles , California , USA.
Raina D
RD
Pang
Marianne S
MS
Hom
Bree A
BA
Geary
Neal
N
Doran
Nichea S
NS
Spillane
Casey R
CR
Guillot
Adam M
AM
Leventhal
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012054:Reinforcement, Psychology; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult
Urgency; impulsivity; nicotine dependence; smoking expectancies