Multilevel surface engineering of nanostructured TiO2 on carbon-fiber-reinforced polyetheretherketone.
As an implantable material, carbon-fiber-reinforced polyetheretherketone (CFRPEEK) possesses an adjustable elastic modulus similar to that of cortical bone and is a prime candidate to replace metallic surgical implants. However, the bioinertness and poor osteogenic properties of CFRPEEK limit its clinical application as orthopedic implants. In this work, titanium ions are introduced energetically into CFRPEEK by plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) reveal the formation of nanopores with the side wall and bottom embedded with ∼20 nm TiO2 nanoparticles on the CFRPEEK surface. Nanoindentation measurements confirm the stability and improved elastic resistance of the structured surfaces. In vitro cell adhesion, viability assay, and real-time PCR analyses disclose enhanced adhesion, proliferation, and osteo-differentiation of rat bone mesenchymal stem cells (bMSCs). The multilevel structures on CFRPEEK also exhibit partial antibacterial activity to Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Our results indicate that a surface with multifunctional biological properties can be produced by multilevel surface engineering and application of CFRPEEK to orthopedic and dental implants can be broadened and expedited based on this scheme.
State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.
Tao
T
Lu
State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China. Electronic address: xyliu@mail.sic.ac.cn.
Xuanyong
X
Liu
State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.
Shi
S
Qian
State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.
Huiliang
H
Cao
State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.
Yuqin
Y
Qiao
Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
Yongfeng
Y
Mei
Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
Paul K
PK
Chu
State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.
Chuanxian
C
Ding
D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D001577:Benzophenones; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000077482:Carbon Fiber; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D007659:Ketones / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D011108:Polymers; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001577:Benzophenones; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D000077482:Carbon Fiber; D007659:Ketones; D011108:Polymers; C009495:titanium dioxide; C063834:polyetheretherketone; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D002244:Carbon; D014025:Titanium
Antibacterial activity; Carbon-fiber-reinforced polyetheretherketone; Nanopores; Osteogenic activity; Plasma immersion ion implantation