Evaluation of allergic rhinitis and asthma control in a Portuguese community pharmacy setting.
BACKGROUND
Allergic rhinitis and asthma (ARA) are frequent respiratory diseases that often coexist, causing a high social and economic impact. It is important to maintain ARA disease control to reduce the disease burden.


OBJECTIVE
To assess control in patients with 1 or both pathologies through the application of validated questionnaires at community pharmacies.


METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted in the pharmacies of the Portuguese county of Covilhã (located in the central region of Portugal with about 53,000 inhabitants). Subjects aged between 18 and 70 years who presented a prescription for an asthma and/or allergic rhinitis medication were invited to participate in the study by responding to a questionnaire that included the Control of Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma Test (CARAT). The CARAT is a validated tool to simultaneously assess the control of ARA with scores that range from 0 to 30 points, 0 meaning the worst and 30 meaning the best possible control of disease.


RESULTS
Of the 224 participants, 58% were female and the median age was 48.5 years. The median CARAT score was 19 (mean = 17.8 ± 6.4), and 87% of participants had a score < 25, indicating noncontrolled disease. Female participants, the elderly, and those with less school education responded with scores that demonstrated significantly less disease control.


CONCLUSIONS
Using a simple self-assessment questionnaire, such as the CARAT, pharmacists can help identify patients with uncontrolled ARA disease, which is an important first step to change patients' knowledge about their disease, with an ultimate goal of improving ARA outcomes.
CICS-UBI Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, Covilhã, Castelo Branco 6200-506, Portugal. olga@fcsaude.ubi.pt.
Olga
O
Lourenço
Sofia
S
Calado
Ana
A
Sá-Sousa
João
J
Fonseca
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D018926:Anti-Allergic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001249:Asthma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003157:Community Pharmacy Services; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D011174:Portugal; D065631:Rhinitis, Allergic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006255:Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
D018926:Anti-Allergic Agents; D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents