Campus Sexual Misconduct: Restorative Justice Approaches to Enhance Compliance With Title IX Guidance.
Campus response to sexual violence is increasingly governed by federal law and administrative guidance such as the 1972 Title IX, the 2011 Dear Colleague Letter (DCL), and the 2013 Violence Against Women Act. Educational institutions are directed to expand disciplinary responses and establish coordinated action to eliminate sexual violence and remedy its effects. Compliance fosters a quasi-criminal justice approach not suited to all sexual misconduct and inconsistent with developing practice in student conduct management. This article envisions restorative justice (RJ) enhancements to traditional student conduct processes that maintain compliance, expand options, empower victim choice, and increase responsiveness to DCL aims. The article (1) defines sexual violence and sexual harassment within the DCL scope, (2) elaborates the DCL position on permissible alternative resolutions and differentiates mediation from RJ, (3) sequences action steps from case report to finalization, including both restorative and traditional justice pathways; and (4) discusses building support for innovation beginning with existing campus response.
Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA mpk@email.arizona.edu.
Mary P
MP
Koss
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Jay K
JK
Wilgus
Gender and Sexuality Center, Carleton College, Northfield, MN, USA.
Kaaren M
KM
Williamsen
criminology; higher education; restorative justice; sexual assault; sexual offenders; student affairs; student misconduct