Toward successful migration to computerized physician order entry for chemotherapy.
BACKGROUND
Computerized physician order entry (cpoe) systems allow for medical order management in a clinical setting. Use of a cpoe has been shown to significantly improve chemotherapy safety by reducing the number of prescribing errors. Usability of these systems has been identified as a critical factor in their successful adoption. However, there is a paucity of literature investigating the usability of cpoe for chemotherapy and describing the experiences of cancer care providers in implementing and using a cpoe system.


METHODS
A mixed-methods study, including a national survey and a workshop, was conducted to determine the current status of cpoe adoption in Canadian oncology institutions, to identify and prioritize knowledge gaps in cpoe usability and adoption, and to establish a research agenda to bridge those gaps. Survey respondents were representatives of cancer care providers from each Canadian province. The workshop participants were oncology clinicians, human factors engineers, patient safety researchers, policymakers, and hospital administrators from across Canada, with participation from the United States.


RESULTS
A variety of issues related to implementing and using a cpoe for chemotherapy were identified. The major issues concerned the need for better understanding of current practices of chemotherapy ordering, preparation, and administration; a lack of system selection and procurement guidance; a lack of implementation and maintenance guidance; poor cpoe usability and workflow support; and other cpoe system design issues. An additional three research themes for addressing the existing challenges and advancing successful adoption of cpoe for chemotherapy were identified: The need to investigate variances in workflows and practices in chemotherapy ordering and administrationThe need to develop best-practice cpoe procurement and implementation guidance specifically for chemotherapyThe need to measure the effects of cpoe implementation in medical oncology.


CONCLUSIONS
Addressing the existing challenges in cpoe usability and adoption for chemotherapy, and accelerating successful migration to cpoe by cancer care providers requires future research focusing on workflow variations, chemotherapy-specific cpoe procurement needs, and implementation guidance needs.
Healthcare Human Factors, University Health Network, Toronto, ON.
J
J
Jeon
Healthcare Human Factors, University Health Network, Toronto, ON.
S
S
Taneva
Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON. ; Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON.
V
V
Kukreti
HumanEra, University Health Network, Toronto, ON. ; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON. ; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON.
P
P
Trbovich
HumanEra, University Health Network, Toronto, ON. ; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON.
A C
AC
Easty
Centre for Global eHealth Innovation, University Health Network, Toronto, ON. ; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON.
P G
PG
Rossos
Healthcare Human Factors, University Health Network, Toronto, ON. ; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON. ; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON.
J A
JA
Cafazzo
Chemotherapy; computerized physician order entry; cpoe; usability