Musculoskeletal disorders in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a lung disease characterized by airway obstruction and inflammation but also accompanied by several extrapulmonary consequences, such as skeletal muscle weakness and osteoporosis. Skeletal muscle weakness is of major concern, since it leads to poor functional capacity, impaired health status, increased healthcare utilization, and even mortality, independently of lung function. Osteoporosis leads to fractures and is associated with increased mortality, functional decline, loss of quality of life, and need for institutionalization. Therefore, the presence of the combination of these comorbidities will have a negative impact on daily life in patients with COPD. In this review, we will focus on these two comorbidities, their prevalence in COPD, combined risk factors, and pathogenesis. We will try to prove the clustering of these comorbidities and discuss possible preventive or therapeutic strategies.
Respiratory Muscle Research Unit, Laboratory of Pneumology and Respiratory Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Nele
N
Cielen
Respiratory Muscle Research Unit, Laboratory of Pneumology and Respiratory Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Karen
K
Maes
Respiratory Muscle Research Unit, Laboratory of Pneumology and Respiratory Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Ghislaine
0000-0001-9652-7437
G
Gayan-Ramirez
D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D015995:Prevalence; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D011788:Quality of Life