The medial dye pool revisited: correlation between arthrography and MRI In closed reductions for DDH.
BACKGROUND
Closed reduction (CR) and spica casting is performed using arthrography to assess the adequacy of reduction based in part on the width of medial dye pool (MDP); however, the amount of MDP that is acceptable and its correlation to the actual anatomic position of the femoral head within the acetabulum has been poorly delineated. The purpose of this study was to determine this correlation and to explore the potential limits of acceptable MDP measurements.


METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed a consecutive series of patients with DDH treated at our institution by CR and immediate postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and found 20 patients (23 hips) meeting inclusion criteria. We measured the MDP and femoral head area on the best reduced arthrographic image, the immediate postoperative mid-coronal MRI, and on 3 planes (neutral, 30-degree anterior, and 30-degree posterior) of the mid-axial MRI and compared MDP values from both imaging modalities using the Pearson correlation coefficient (R). To provide useful data for establishing intraoperative thresholds, MDP was also expressed as a percentage of femoral head width to control for fluoroscopic magnification.


RESULTS
Twenty-two of the 23 hips were reduced on postoperative MRI; the one persistently dislocated hip was excluded from our analysis. The Pearson correlation coefficient was R = 0.73 comparing arthrography and coronal MRI, indicating excellent correlation. Correlation was even stronger between arthrography and axial MRI (neutral R = 0.73; 30-degree anterior, R = 0.81; 30-degree posterior, R = 0.81). The mean fluoroscopic MDP in the successful, fully concentric, CRs was 4.2% of the femoral head width (range, 0.6% to 15.8%).


CONCLUSIONS
There is very strong correlation between MDP measurements on arthrography and immediate postoperative MRI in both the axial and coronal planes. On the basis of our data, an arthrographic MDP between 0.6% and 15.8% of the femoral head width always resulted in an excellent reduction, suggesting that an MDP of ≤ 16% of femoral head width may be a useful intraoperative criterion for determining the adequacy of CR.


METHODS
Level I Diagnostic Study.
The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.
Itai
I
Gans
Wudbhav N
WN
Sankar
D000077:Acetabulum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001175:Arthrography; D002370:Casts, Surgical; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D005270:Femur Head / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D006618:Hip Dislocation, Congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007103:Immobilization; D007223:Infant; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D011182:Postoperative Care; D012189:Retrospective Studies
D003287:Contrast Media