Phylogeny of chrysosporia infecting reptiles: proposal of the new family Nannizziopsiaceae and five new species.
We have performed a phenotypic and phylogenetic study of a set of fungi, mostly of veterinary origin, morphologically similar to the Chrysosporium asexual morph of Nannizziopsis vriesii (Onygenales, Eurotiomycetidae, Eurotiomycetes, Ascomycota). The analysis of sequences of the D1-D2 domains of the 28S rDNA, including representatives of the different families of the Onygenales, revealed that N. vriesii and relatives form a distinct lineage within that order, which is proposed as the new family Nannizziopsiaceae. The members of this family show the particular characteristic of causing skin infections in reptiles and producing hyaline, thin- and smooth-walled, small, mostly sessile 1-celled conidia and colonies with a pungent skunk-like odour. The phenotypic and multigene study results, based on ribosomal ITS region, actin and β-tubulin sequences, demonstrated that some of the fungi included in this study were different from the known species of Nannizziopsis and Chrysosporium and are described here as new. They are N. chlamydospora, N. draconii, N. arthrosporioides, N. pluriseptata and Chrysosporium longisporum. Nannizziopsis chlamydospora is distinguished by producing chlamydospores and by its ability to grow at 5 °C. Nannizziopsis draconii is able to grow on bromocresol purple-milk solids-glucose (BCP-MS-G) agar alkalinizing the medium, is resistant to 0.2 % cycloheximide but does not grow on Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) with 3 % NaCl. Nannizziopsis arthrosporioides is characterised by the production of very long arthroconidia. Nannizziopsis pluriseptata produces 1- to 5-celled sessile conidia, alkalinizes the BCP-MS-G agar and grows on SDA supplemented with 5 % NaCl. Chrysosporium longisporum shows long sessile conidia (up to 13 μm) and does not produce lipase.
Mycology Unit, University Rovira i Virgili and IISPV, C/ Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain;
A M
AM
Stchigel
University of Texas Health Science Center, Department of Pathology, San Antonio, USA.
D A
DA
Sutton
Mycology Unit, University Rovira i Virgili and IISPV, C/ Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain;
J F
JF
Cano-Lira
Veterinary Mycology Group, Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
F J
FJ
Cabañes
Veterinary Mycology Group, Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
L
L
Abarca
Robert Koch Institute, FG16 Mycology, Berlin, Germany.
K
K
Tintelnot
Texas Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College Station, Texas, USA.
B L
BL
Wickes
Mycology Unit, University Rovira i Virgili and IISPV, C/ Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain;
D
D
García
Mycology Unit, University Rovira i Virgili and IISPV, C/ Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain;
J
J
Guarro
Chrysosporium; Nannizziopsiaceae; Nannizziopsis; Onygenales; animal infections; ascomycetes; mycoses; reptiles