Perinatal biomarkers in prematurity: early identification of neurologic injury.
Over the past few decades, biomarkers have become increasingly utilized as non-invasive tools in the early diagnosis and management of various clinical conditions. In perinatal medicine, the improved survival of extremely premature infants who are at high risk for adverse neurologic outcomes has increased the demand for the discovery of biomarkers in detecting and predicting the prognosis of infants with neonatal brain injury. By enabling the clinician to recognize potential brain damage early, biomarkers could allow clinicians to intervene at the early stages of disease, and to monitor the efficacy of those interventions. This review will first examine the potential perinatal biomarkers for neurologic complications of prematurity, specifically, intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) and posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH). It will also evaluate knowledge gained from animal models regarding the pathogenesis of perinatal brain injury in prematurity.
Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
Maria
M
Andrikopoulou
Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
Ahmad
A
Almalki
Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
Azadeh
A
Farzin
Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
Christina N
CN
Cordeiro
Department of Neuroscience, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States.
Michael V
MV
Johnston
Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Neuroscience, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States. Electronic address: iburd@jhmi.edu.
Irina
I
Burd
D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy
D015415:Biomarkers
Biomarkers; Brain injury; Intraventricular hemorrhage; Periventricular leukomalacia; Prematurity