Efficacy of orally administered maropitant citrate in preventing vomiting associated with hydromorphone administration in dogs.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effectiveness of orally administered maropitant citrate in preventing vomiting after hydromorphone hydrochloride administration in dogs.


METHODS
Randomized, blinded, prospective clinical study.


METHODS
40 dogs with American Society of Anesthesiologists status of I or II, > 6 months of age, and weighing between 24 and 58.2 kg (52.8 and 128.04 lb).


METHODS
Dogs were randomly selected to receive maropitant (2.0 to 4.0 mg/kg [0.9 to 1.8 mg/lb]) or placebo (lactose monohydrate) orally 2 hours prior to receiving hydromorphone (0.1 mg/kg [0.045 mg/lb], IM). A blinded observer recorded the occurrence of vomiting or signs of nausea (eg, salivation or lip-licking) during a 30-minute period after hydromorphone administration. Two-tailed Fisher exact tests were used to compare the incidences of vomiting and signs of nausea with or without vomiting between treatment groups. Results-Of the 20 dogs receiving maropitant, none vomited but 12 (60%) developed signs of nausea. Of the 20 dogs receiving placebo, 5 (25%) vomited and 11 (55%) developed signs of nausea; overall, 16 of 20 (80%) dogs in the placebo treatment group vomited or developed signs of nausea. Compared with the effects of placebo, maropitant significantly decreased the incidence of vomiting but not signs of nausea in dogs administered hydromorphone.


CONCLUSIONS
Among the 40 study dogs, the incidence of vomiting associated with hydromorphone administration was 25%. Oral administration of maropitant prevented vomiting but not signs of nausea associated with hydromorphone administration in dogs.
Department of Clinical Sciences, Lloyd Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011.
Bonnie L
BL
Hay Kraus
D000284:Administration, Oral; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000818:Animals; D000932:Antiemetics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000517:prevention & control; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D004091:Hydromorphone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D011812:Quinuclidines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014839:Vomiting / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*
D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000932:Antiemetics; D011812:Quinuclidines; C518176:maropitant; D004091:Hydromorphone