Closed-loop artificial pancreas systems: engineering the algorithms.
In this two-part Bench to Clinic narrative, recent advances in both the preclinical and clinical aspects of artificial pancreas (AP) development are described. In the preceding Bench narrative, Kudva and colleagues provide an in-depth understanding of the modified glucoregulatory physiology of type 1 diabetes that will help refine future AP algorithms. In the Clinic narrative presented here, we compare and evaluate AP technology to gain further momentum toward outpatient trials and eventual approval for widespread use. We enumerate the design objectives, variables, and challenges involved in AP development, concluding with a discussion of recent clinical advancements. Thanks to the effective integration of engineering and medicine, the dream of automated glucose regulation is nearing reality. Consistent and methodical presentation of results will accelerate this success, allowing head-to-head comparisons that will facilitate adoption of the AP as a standard therapy for type 1 diabetes.
Corresponding author: Francis J. Doyle III, doyle@engineering.ucsb.edu.
Francis J
FJ
Doyle
Lauren M
LM
Huyett
Joon Bok
JB
Lee
Howard C
HC
Zisser
Eyal
E
Dassau
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D001698:Biomedical Engineering / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007332:Insulin Infusion Systems / Q000639:trends; D008875:Middle Aged; D010045:Outpatients; D019397:Pancreas, Artificial / Q000639:trends*; D055815:Young Adult
D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin