Effects of melatonin and epiphyseal proteins on fluoride-induced adverse changes in antioxidant status of heart, liver, and kidney of rats.
Several experimental and clinical reports indicated the oxidative stress-mediated adverse changes in vital organs of human and animal in fluoride (F) toxicity. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the therapeutic effect of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) epiphyseal (pineal) proteins (BEP) and melatonin (MEL) against F-induced oxidative stress in heart, liver, and kidney of experimental adult female rats. To accomplish this experimental objective, twenty-four adult female Wistar rats (123-143 g body weights) were divided into four groups, namely, control, F, F + BEP, and F + MEL and were administered sodium fluoride (NaF, 150 ppm elemental F in drinking water), MEL (10 mg/kg BW, i.p.), and BEP (100 µg/kg BW, i.p.) for 28 days. There were significantly (P < 0.05) high levels of lipid peroxidation and catalase and low levels of reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase in cardiac, hepatic, and renal tissues of F-treated rats. Administration of BEP and MEL in F-treated rats, however, significantly (P < 0.05) attenuated these adverse changes in all the target components of antioxidant defense system of cardiac, hepatic, and renal tissues. The present data suggest that F can induce oxidative stress in liver, heart, and kidney of female rats which may be a mechanism in F toxicity and these adverse effects can be ameliorated by buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) epiphyseal proteins and melatonin by upregulation of antioxidant defense system of heart, liver, and kidney of rats.
Division of Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India ; Nutrition and Toxicology Laboratory, Defence Institute of High Altitude Research (DIHAR), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Ministry of Defence, C/o- 56 APO, Leh 194101, India.
Vijay K
VK
Bharti
Division of Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India.
R S
RS
Srivastava
Division of Animal Reproduction, Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India.
H
H
Kumar
Division of Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India.
S
S
Bag
Division of Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India.
A C
AC
Majumdar
Division of Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India.
G
G
Singh
Somnogen Inc., College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M6H 1C5.
S R
SR
Pandi-Perumal
Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto and Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5T 1R8.
Gregory M
GM
Brown