The imprinted gene LRRTM1 mediates schizotypy and handedness in a nonclinical population.
Imprinted genes have been posited to have important roles in human brain development and cognition, but their effects in nonclinical populations have yet to be investigated. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the imprinted gene LRRTM1 have previously been associated with schizophrenia risk and with handedness in individuals with dyslexia. We tested the hypothesis that genetic variation (SNPs) and epigenetic variation (methylation) in this gene are associated with schizotypy and handedness in a nonclinical population. Risk alleles of the three schizophrenia-linked SNPs were associated with significantly and substantially higher levels of total schizotypy. Variation in SNP genotypes was not associated with handedness, but levels of methylation in a block of CpG sites in the putative LRRTM1 promoter region were associated with more-mixed handedness. These findings provide evidence of continuity between schizophrenia and schizotypy with regard to the psychological effects of allelic variation in this imprinted gene, and show that epigenetic variation in an imprinted gene mediates the development and expression of human handedness.
Department of Biosciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.
Emma L
EL
Leach
Department of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.
Gratien
G
Prefontaine
Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Peter L
PL
Hurd
Department of Biosciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.
Bernard J
BJ
Crespi
D000483:Alleles; D018899:CpG Islands; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000235:genetics*; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D005828:Genetics, Population; D018392:Genomic Imprinting; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D008745:Methylation; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011594:Psychometrics; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000235:genetics*
C526971:LRRTM1 protein, human; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins