Nonclinical safety biomarkers of drug-induced vascular injury: current status and blueprint for the future.
Better biomarkers are needed to identify, characterize, and/or monitor drug-induced vascular injury (DIVI) in nonclinical species and patients. The Predictive Safety Testing Consortium (PSTC), a precompetitive collaboration of pharmaceutical companies and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), formed the Vascular Injury Working Group (VIWG) to develop and qualify translatable biomarkers of DIVI. The VIWG focused its research on acute DIVI because early detection for clinical and nonclinical safety monitoring is desirable. The VIWG developed a strategy based on the premise that biomarkers of DIVI in rat would be translatable to humans due to the morphologic similarity of vascular injury between species regardless of mechanism. The histomorphologic lexicon for DIVI in rat defines degenerative and adaptive findings of the vascular endothelium and smooth muscles, and characterizes inflammatory components. We describe the mechanisms of these changes and their associations with candidate biomarkers for which advanced analytical method validation was completed. Further development is recommended for circulating microRNAs, endothelial microparticles, and imaging techniques. Recommendations for sample collection and processing, analytical methods, and confirmation of target localization using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization are described. The methods described are anticipated to aid in the identification and qualification of translational biomarkers for DIVI.
Hoffmann-La Roche Inc, Nutley, New Jersey, USA Abbvie, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA igor.mikaelian@abbvie.com.
Igor
I
Mikaelian
MPI Research, Mattawan, Michigan, USA.
Mark
M
Cameron
GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Deidre A
DA
Dalmas
Pfizer Inc, Groton, Connecticut, USA.
Bradley E
BE
Enerson
Merck Research Laboratories, Merck and Co, Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania, USA.
Raymond J
RJ
Gonzalez
Shire, Hampshire International Business Park, Basingstoke, United Kingdom.
Silvia
S
Guionaud
Novartis, East Hanover, New Jersey, USA.
Peter K
PK
Hoffmann
Critical Path Institute, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
Nicholas M P
NM
King
Pfizer Inc, Groton, Connecticut, USA.
Michael P
MP
Lawton
GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Marshall S
MS
Scicchitano
Eli Lilly, Indianapolis, Indianapolis, USA.
Holly W
HW
Smith
GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Roberta A
RA
Thomas
Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
James L
JL
Weaver
Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA.
Tanja S
TS
Zabka
D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000639:trends; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D014481:United States; D014486:United States Food and Drug Administration; D057772:Vascular System Injuries / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology*
D015415:Biomarkers
animal model; arteriopathy; arteritis; drug development tool; nonclinical; qualification.; vasculopathy