Effect of metformin on periimplant wound healing in a rat model of type 2 diabetes.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effects of hyperglycemia and metformin (a popular biguanide antidiabetic) on periimplant healing.


METHODS
Thirty-six male rats were assigned to 3 groups: (1) nondiabetic Wistar-Kyoto rats (controls), (2) Goto-Kakizaki (GK) spontaneously diabetic rats (GK group), and (3) GK rats were fed metformin (100 mg/kg body weight per day) in their water for 4 weeks (GK + Met group). The right maxillary first molars were extracted and sites were allowed 1 month to heal. Titanium implants (1 × 3 mm) were placed in healed extraction sites. Six rats from each group were analyzed at weeks 1 and 4 by micro computed tomography for bone/implant contact ratio, percent bone volume, trabecular number, and bone mineral density. Blood was also analyzed for glucose, HbA1c, and pyridinoline (PYD).


RESULTS
At week 1, glucose levels in the GK-Met rats were high, and all bone parameters were similar to GK rats (lower bone parameters and higher PYD than controls). At week 4, glucose levels in the GK-Met rats and all parameters were similar to controls.


CONCLUSIONS
Hyperglycemic GK type 2 diabetic rats showed improved blood glucose and wound healing around oral implants after metformin administration.
*Graduate Student, Department of Oral Biology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA. †Resident, US Army Advanced Education Program in Periodontics, Fort Gordon, Augusta, GA. ‡Colonel, US Army Advanced Education Program in Periodontics, Fort Gordon, Augusta, GA. §Professor, Department of Oral Biology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA. ‖Research Associate, Department of Oral Biology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta GA. ¶Assistant Professor, Department of Biomaterials, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt. #Professor, Department of Oral Biology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA; Professor, College of Dental Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA.
Kimberly Ann S
KA
Inouye
Frederick C
FC
Bisch
Mohammed E
ME
Elsalanty
Ibrahim
I
Zakhary
Rania M
RM
Khashaba
James L
JL
Borke
D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects; D016723:Bone Remodeling / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D015921:Dental Implants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008687:Metformin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY; D014081:Tooth Extraction / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects*; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
D001786:Blood Glucose; D015921:Dental Implants; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D008687:Metformin