Insight into the heterogeneity of prostate cancer through PSA-PSMA prostate clones: mechanisms and consequences.
A major clinical challenge is posed by the current inability to readily distinguish indolent from aggressive tumors in prostate cancer patients. Research efforts are dedicated to overcome this problem by understanding the molecular basis of the transition from normal, benign cells to prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), localized carcinoma, and metastatic cancer. Combined with the evidence of the phenotypic heterogeneity of benign prostate hyperplasia, primary tumors and metastases, it is conceivable that several prostate clones emerge progressively during tumor progression. We have identified several PSA-PSMA prostate clones during prostate cancer progression. In this paper we focus on the susceptibilities of these PSA-PSMA prostate clones to factors that promote prostate hyperplastic, neoplastic and metastatic development and their consequences in disease outcome.
Unit of Immunology and Microbiology Environmental and Carcinogenesis (IMEC), Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Zarzouna, University of Carthage, Tunisia.
Awatef
A
Ben Jemaa
Unit of Immunology and Microbiology Environmental and Carcinogenesis (IMEC), Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Zarzouna, University of Carthage, Tunisia.
Yosra
Y
Bouraoui
Unit of Immunology and Microbiology Environmental and Carcinogenesis (IMEC), Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Zarzouna, University of Carthage, Tunisia. oueslatiridha12@hotmail.fr.
Ridha
R
Oueslati
D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D005260:Female; D043425:Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology
D000954:Antigens, Surface; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C473848:FOLH1 protein, human; D043425:Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen