Separate prediction of intracerebral hemorrhage and ischemic stroke.
OBJECTIVE
To develop and validate 10-year cumulative incidence functions of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and ischemic stroke (IS).


METHODS
We used data on 27,493 participants from 3 population-based cohort studies: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, median age 54 years, 45% male, median follow-up 20.7 years; the Rotterdam Study, median age 68 years, 38% male, median follow-up 14.3 years; and the Cardiovascular Health Study, median age 71 years, 41% male, median follow-up 12.8 years. Among these participants, 325 ICH events, 2,559 IS events, and 9,909 nonstroke deaths occurred. We developed 10-year cumulative incidence functions for ICH and IS using stratified Cox regression and competing risks analysis. Basic models including only established nonlaboratory risk factors were extended with diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, and glomerular filtration rate. The cumulative incidence functions' performances were cross-validated in each cohort separately by Harrell C-statistic and calibration plots.


RESULTS
High total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio decreased the ICH rates but increased IS rates (p for difference across stroke types <0.001). For both the ICH and IS models, C statistics increased more by model extension in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities and Cardiovascular Health Study cohorts. Improvements in C statistics were reproduced by cross-validation. Models were well calibrated in all cohorts. Correlations between 10-year ICH and IS risks were moderate in each cohort.


CONCLUSIONS
We developed and cross-validated cumulative incidence functions for separate prediction of 10-year ICH and IS risk. These functions can be useful to further specify an individual's stroke risk.
From the Departments of Epidemiology (B.S.F., B.J.H.v.K., R.G.W., A.H., M.G.M.H., M.A.I.), Radiology (B.S.F., B.J.H.v.K., M.G.M.H., M.A.I.), Neurology (R.G.W., P.J.K., M.A.I.), and Public Health (E.W.S.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (E.S.), Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson; Department of Neurology (R.F.G.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Epidemiology (W.R.), Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Department of Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology of Population Health (J.R.K.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Departments of Biostatistics (R.A.K.), Neurology (W.T.L.), and Epidemiology (W.T.L.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), University of Washington, Seattle; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA; Departments of Medicine (Geriatrics) and Neurology (T.M.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Division of Epidemiology and Community Health (A.R.F.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; and Department of Health Policy and Management (M.G.M.H.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
Bart S
BS
Ferket
From the Departments of Epidemiology (B.S.F., B.J.H.v.K., R.G.W., A.H., M.G.M.H., M.A.I.), Radiology (B.S.F., B.J.H.v.K., M.G.M.H., M.A.I.), Neurology (R.G.W., P.J.K., M.A.I.), and Public Health (E.W.S.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (E.S.), Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson; Department of Neurology (R.F.G.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Epidemiology (W.R.), Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Department of Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology of Population Health (J.R.K.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Departments of Biostatistics (R.A.K.), Neurology (W.T.L.), and Epidemiology (W.T.L.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), University of Washington, Seattle; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA; Departments of Medicine (Geriatrics) and Neurology (T.M.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Division of Epidemiology and Community Health (A.R.F.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; and Department of Health Policy and Management (M.G.M.H.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
Bob J H
BJ
van Kempen
From the Departments of Epidemiology (B.S.F., B.J.H.v.K., R.G.W., A.H., M.G.M.H., M.A.I.), Radiology (B.S.F., B.J.H.v.K., M.G.M.H., M.A.I.), Neurology (R.G.W., P.J.K., M.A.I.), and Public Health (E.W.S.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (E.S.), Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson; Department of Neurology (R.F.G.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Epidemiology (W.R.), Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Department of Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology of Population Health (J.R.K.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Departments of Biostatistics (R.A.K.), Neurology (W.T.L.), and Epidemiology (W.T.L.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), University of Washington, Seattle; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA; Departments of Medicine (Geriatrics) and Neurology (T.M.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Division of Epidemiology and Community Health (A.R.F.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; and Department of Health Policy and Management (M.G.M.H.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
Renske G
RG
Wieberdink
From the Departments of Epidemiology (B.S.F., B.J.H.v.K., R.G.W., A.H., M.G.M.H., M.A.I.), Radiology (B.S.F., B.J.H.v.K., M.G.M.H., M.A.I.), Neurology (R.G.W., P.J.K., M.A.I.), and Public Health (E.W.S.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (E.S.), Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson; Department of Neurology (R.F.G.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Epidemiology (W.R.), Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Department of Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology of Population Health (J.R.K.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Departments of Biostatistics (R.A.K.), Neurology (W.T.L.), and Epidemiology (W.T.L.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), University of Washington, Seattle; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA; Departments of Medicine (Geriatrics) and Neurology (T.M.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Division of Epidemiology and Community Health (A.R.F.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; and Department of Health Policy and Management (M.G.M.H.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
Ewout W
EW
Steyerberg
From the Departments of Epidemiology (B.S.F., B.J.H.v.K., R.G.W., A.H., M.G.M.H., M.A.I.), Radiology (B.S.F., B.J.H.v.K., M.G.M.H., M.A.I.), Neurology (R.G.W., P.J.K., M.A.I.), and Public Health (E.W.S.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (E.S.), Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson; Department of Neurology (R.F.G.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Epidemiology (W.R.), Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Department of Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology of Population Health (J.R.K.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Departments of Biostatistics (R.A.K.), Neurology (W.T.L.), and Epidemiology (W.T.L.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), University of Washington, Seattle; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA; Departments of Medicine (Geriatrics) and Neurology (T.M.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Division of Epidemiology and Community Health (A.R.F.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; and Department of Health Policy and Management (M.G.M.H.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
Peter J
PJ
Koudstaal
From the Departments of Epidemiology (B.S.F., B.J.H.v.K., R.G.W., A.H., M.G.M.H., M.A.I.), Radiology (B.S.F., B.J.H.v.K., M.G.M.H., M.A.I.), Neurology (R.G.W., P.J.K., M.A.I.), and Public Health (E.W.S.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (E.S.), Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson; Department of Neurology (R.F.G.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Epidemiology (W.R.), Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Department of Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology of Population Health (J.R.K.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Departments of Biostatistics (R.A.K.), Neurology (W.T.L.), and Epidemiology (W.T.L.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), University of Washington, Seattle; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA; Departments of Medicine (Geriatrics) and Neurology (T.M.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Division of Epidemiology and Community Health (A.R.F.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; and Department of Health Policy and Management (M.G.M.H.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
Albert
A
Hofman
From the Departments of Epidemiology (B.S.F., B.J.H.v.K., R.G.W., A.H., M.G.M.H., M.A.I.), Radiology (B.S.F., B.J.H.v.K., M.G.M.H., M.A.I.), Neurology (R.G.W., P.J.K., M.A.I.), and Public Health (E.W.S.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (E.S.), Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson; Department of Neurology (R.F.G.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Epidemiology (W.R.), Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Department of Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology of Population Health (J.R.K.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Departments of Biostatistics (R.A.K.), Neurology (W.T.L.), and Epidemiology (W.T.L.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), University of Washington, Seattle; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA; Departments of Medicine (Geriatrics) and Neurology (T.M.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Division of Epidemiology and Community Health (A.R.F.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; and Department of Health Policy and Management (M.G.M.H.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
Eyal
E
Shahar
From the Departments of Epidemiology (B.S.F., B.J.H.v.K., R.G.W., A.H., M.G.M.H., M.A.I.), Radiology (B.S.F., B.J.H.v.K., M.G.M.H., M.A.I.), Neurology (R.G.W., P.J.K., M.A.I.), and Public Health (E.W.S.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (E.S.), Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson; Department of Neurology (R.F.G.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Epidemiology (W.R.), Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Department of Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology of Population Health (J.R.K.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Departments of Biostatistics (R.A.K.), Neurology (W.T.L.), and Epidemiology (W.T.L.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), University of Washington, Seattle; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA; Departments of Medicine (Geriatrics) and Neurology (T.M.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Division of Epidemiology and Community Health (A.R.F.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; and Department of Health Policy and Management (M.G.M.H.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
Rebecca F
RF
Gottesman
From the Departments of Epidemiology (B.S.F., B.J.H.v.K., R.G.W., A.H., M.G.M.H., M.A.I.), Radiology (B.S.F., B.J.H.v.K., M.G.M.H., M.A.I.), Neurology (R.G.W., P.J.K., M.A.I.), and Public Health (E.W.S.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (E.S.), Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson; Department of Neurology (R.F.G.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Epidemiology (W.R.), Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Department of Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology of Population Health (J.R.K.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Departments of Biostatistics (R.A.K.), Neurology (W.T.L.), and Epidemiology (W.T.L.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), University of Washington, Seattle; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA; Departments of Medicine (Geriatrics) and Neurology (T.M.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Division of Epidemiology and Community Health (A.R.F.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; and Department of Health Policy and Management (M.G.M.H.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
Wayne
W
Rosamond
From the Departments of Epidemiology (B.S.F., B.J.H.v.K., R.G.W., A.H., M.G.M.H., M.A.I.), Radiology (B.S.F., B.J.H.v.K., M.G.M.H., M.A.I.), Neurology (R.G.W., P.J.K., M.A.I.), and Public Health (E.W.S.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (E.S.), Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson; Department of Neurology (R.F.G.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Epidemiology (W.R.), Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Department of Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology of Population Health (J.R.K.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Departments of Biostatistics (R.A.K.), Neurology (W.T.L.), and Epidemiology (W.T.L.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), University of Washington, Seattle; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA; Departments of Medicine (Geriatrics) and Neurology (T.M.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Division of Epidemiology and Community Health (A.R.F.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; and Department of Health Policy and Management (M.G.M.H.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
Jorge R
JR
Kizer
From the Departments of Epidemiology (B.S.F., B.J.H.v.K., R.G.W., A.H., M.G.M.H., M.A.I.), Radiology (B.S.F., B.J.H.v.K., M.G.M.H., M.A.I.), Neurology (R.G.W., P.J.K., M.A.I.), and Public Health (E.W.S.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (E.S.), Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson; Department of Neurology (R.F.G.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Epidemiology (W.R.), Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Department of Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology of Population Health (J.R.K.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Departments of Biostatistics (R.A.K.), Neurology (W.T.L.), and Epidemiology (W.T.L.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), University of Washington, Seattle; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA; Departments of Medicine (Geriatrics) and Neurology (T.M.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Division of Epidemiology and Community Health (A.R.F.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; and Department of Health Policy and Management (M.G.M.H.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
Richard A
RA
Kronmal
From the Departments of Epidemiology (B.S.F., B.J.H.v.K., R.G.W., A.H., M.G.M.H., M.A.I.), Radiology (B.S.F., B.J.H.v.K., M.G.M.H., M.A.I.), Neurology (R.G.W., P.J.K., M.A.I.), and Public Health (E.W.S.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (E.S.), Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson; Department of Neurology (R.F.G.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Epidemiology (W.R.), Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Department of Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology of Population Health (J.R.K.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Departments of Biostatistics (R.A.K.), Neurology (W.T.L.), and Epidemiology (W.T.L.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), University of Washington, Seattle; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA; Departments of Medicine (Geriatrics) and Neurology (T.M.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Division of Epidemiology and Community Health (A.R.F.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; and Department of Health Policy and Management (M.G.M.H.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
Bruce M
BM
Psaty
From the Departments of Epidemiology (B.S.F., B.J.H.v.K., R.G.W., A.H., M.G.M.H., M.A.I.), Radiology (B.S.F., B.J.H.v.K., M.G.M.H., M.A.I.), Neurology (R.G.W., P.J.K., M.A.I.), and Public Health (E.W.S.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (E.S.), Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson; Department of Neurology (R.F.G.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Epidemiology (W.R.), Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Department of Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology of Population Health (J.R.K.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Departments of Biostatistics (R.A.K.), Neurology (W.T.L.), and Epidemiology (W.T.L.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), University of Washington, Seattle; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA; Departments of Medicine (Geriatrics) and Neurology (T.M.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Division of Epidemiology and Community Health (A.R.F.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; and Department of Health Policy and Management (M.G.M.H.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
W T
WT
Longstreth
From the Departments of Epidemiology (B.S.F., B.J.H.v.K., R.G.W., A.H., M.G.M.H., M.A.I.), Radiology (B.S.F., B.J.H.v.K., M.G.M.H., M.A.I.), Neurology (R.G.W., P.J.K., M.A.I.), and Public Health (E.W.S.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (E.S.), Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson; Department of Neurology (R.F.G.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Epidemiology (W.R.), Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Department of Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology of Population Health (J.R.K.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Departments of Biostatistics (R.A.K.), Neurology (W.T.L.), and Epidemiology (W.T.L.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), University of Washington, Seattle; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA; Departments of Medicine (Geriatrics) and Neurology (T.M.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Division of Epidemiology and Community Health (A.R.F.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; and Department of Health Policy and Management (M.G.M.H.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
Thomas
T
Mosley
From the Departments of Epidemiology (B.S.F., B.J.H.v.K., R.G.W., A.H., M.G.M.H., M.A.I.), Radiology (B.S.F., B.J.H.v.K., M.G.M.H., M.A.I.), Neurology (R.G.W., P.J.K., M.A.I.), and Public Health (E.W.S.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (E.S.), Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson; Department of Neurology (R.F.G.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Epidemiology (W.R.), Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Department of Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology of Population Health (J.R.K.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Departments of Biostatistics (R.A.K.), Neurology (W.T.L.), and Epidemiology (W.T.L.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), University of Washington, Seattle; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA; Departments of Medicine (Geriatrics) and Neurology (T.M.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Division of Epidemiology and Community Health (A.R.F.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; and Department of Health Policy and Management (M.G.M.H.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
Aaron R
AR
Folsom
From the Departments of Epidemiology (B.S.F., B.J.H.v.K., R.G.W., A.H., M.G.M.H., M.A.I.), Radiology (B.S.F., B.J.H.v.K., M.G.M.H., M.A.I.), Neurology (R.G.W., P.J.K., M.A.I.), and Public Health (E.W.S.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (E.S.), Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson; Department of Neurology (R.F.G.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Epidemiology (W.R.), Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Department of Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology of Population Health (J.R.K.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Departments of Biostatistics (R.A.K.), Neurology (W.T.L.), and Epidemiology (W.T.L.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), University of Washington, Seattle; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA; Departments of Medicine (Geriatrics) and Neurology (T.M.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Division of Epidemiology and Community Health (A.R.F.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; and Department of Health Policy and Management (M.G.M.H.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
M G Myriam
MG
Hunink
From the Departments of Epidemiology (B.S.F., B.J.H.v.K., R.G.W., A.H., M.G.M.H., M.A.I.), Radiology (B.S.F., B.J.H.v.K., M.G.M.H., M.A.I.), Neurology (R.G.W., P.J.K., M.A.I.), and Public Health (E.W.S.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (E.S.), Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson; Department of Neurology (R.F.G.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Epidemiology (W.R.), Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Department of Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology of Population Health (J.R.K.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Departments of Biostatistics (R.A.K.), Neurology (W.T.L.), and Epidemiology (W.T.L.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services (B.M.P.), University of Washington, Seattle; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA; Departments of Medicine (Geriatrics) and Neurology (T.M.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Division of Epidemiology and Community Health (A.R.F.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; and Department of Health Policy and Management (M.G.M.H.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA. m.a.ikram@erasmusmc.nl.
M Arfan
MA
Ikram
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D020300:Intracranial Hemorrhages / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015233:Models, Statistical; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology
D002784:Cholesterol