The genetics of indirect ecological effects-plant parasites and aphid herbivores.
When parasitic plants and aphid herbivores share a host, both direct and indirect ecological effects (IEEs) can influence evolutionary processes. We used a hemiparasitic plant (Rhinanthus minor), a grass host (Hordeum vulgare) and a cereal aphid (Sitobion avenae) to investigate the genetics of IEEs between the aphid and the parasitic plant, and looked to see how these might affect or be influenced by the genetic diversity of the host plants. Survival of R. minor depended on the parasite's population of origin, the genotypes of the aphids sharing the host and the genetic diversity in the host plant community. Hence the indirect effects of the aphids on the parasitic plants depended on the genetic environment of the system. Here, we show that genetic variation can be important in determining the outcome of IEEs. Therefore, IEEs have the potential to influence evolutionary processes and the continuity of species interactions over time.
Environment and Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester Manchester, UK.
Jennifer K
JK
Rowntree
Environment and Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester Manchester, UK.
Sharon E
SE
Zytynska
Environment and Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester Manchester, UK.
Laurent
L
Frantz
Environment and Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester Manchester, UK.
Ben
B
Hurst
Environment and Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester Manchester, UK.
Andrew
A
Johnson
Environment and Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester Manchester, UK.
Richard F
RF
Preziosi
Rhinanthus minor; Sitobion avenae; community genetics; eco-evolutionary feedbacks; indirect ecological effects