'Triply cursed': racism, homophobia and HIV-related stigma are barriers to regular HIV testing, treatment adherence and disclosure among young Black gay men.
In the USA, young Black gay men are disproportionately impacted upon by HIV. In this qualitative study consisting of in-depth interviews with 31 young Black gay men and nine service providers, where we used thematic analysis to guide our interpretations, we found that HIV-related stigma and homophobia, within the larger societal context of racism, were related to sexual risk behaviour, reluctance to obtain HIV testing or care, lower adherence to treatment medication, and non-disclosure of a positive HIV status to sexual partners. Participants experienced homophobia and HIV-related stigma from churches and families within the Black community and from friends within the Black gay community, which otherwise provide support in the face of racism. Vulnerability to HIV was related to strategies that young Black gay men enacted to avoid being stigmatised or as a way of coping with alienation and rejection.
a Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California , San Francisco , USA.
Emily A
EA
Arnold
Gregory M
GM
Rebchook
Susan M
SM
Kegeles
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology*; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D063509:Homophobia; D018451:Homosexuality, Male; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D055118:Medication Adherence; D063505:Racism; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012650:Self Disclosure; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D057545:Social Stigma
D019380:Anti-HIV Agents
HIV/AIDS; USA; care; stigma; testing; young Black gay men