Psychosocial stress but not hypertensive status associated with angiogenesis in Africans.
OBJECTIVE
Increased angiogenic factors [vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) and angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2)] have been associated with vascular dysfunction and hypertension. Black Africans undergoing rapid urbanization present with elevated blood pressure (BP) and we aimed to determine whether angiogenic factors are elevated in urban versus rural Africans with normal and elevated BP.


METHODS
Africans (n = 272), matched for gender and age, were recruited from rural and urban communities in South Africa. Omron HEM-757 BP data were obtained and angiogenic markers in plasma and serum were determined.


RESULTS
Urban African men displayed a higher (43.90%) hypertension prevalence compared with their rural counterparts (18.52%) and disturbed angiongenic factors. Adjusted VEGF-A concentrations were higher in urban men and women compared with their rural counterparts. Similar VEGF-A levels were observed in rural and urban hypertensives. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that VEGF-A and Ang-2 levels were associated with psychosocial stress but not with hypertensive status in Africans [odds ratios 1.01-1.09 (95% CI 1.01-1.15), p ≤ 0.05].


CONCLUSIONS
Psychosocial stress per se was associated with disturbed VEGF-A and Ang-2. We suggest that hyperkinetic BP may act as compensatory mechanism when chronic psychosocial stress prevails, affecting vascular functioning and subsequent increased cardiovascular disease risk.
Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus , Private Bag X6001, North-West, 2520 , South Africa.
Paul Cristiaan
PC
Venter
Leoné
L
Malan
Aletta Elisabeth
AE
Schutte
D000328:Adult; D042702:Angiopoietin-2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D044383:Black People; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population; D013019:South Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D014505:Urban Population; D014507:Urbanization; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics
D042702:Angiopoietin-2; D015415:Biomarkers; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
Africans; angiogenesis; cardiovascular; urban