Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in hemodialysis patients - The CORDIAL study.
BACKGROUND
There are scarce epidemiological data on cardiovascular risk profile of chronic hemodialysis patients in Brazil.


OBJECTIVE
The CORDIAL study was designed to evaluate cardiovascular risk factors and follow up a hemodialysis population in a Brazilian metropolitan city.


METHODS
All patients undergoing regular hemodialysis for chronic renal failure in all fifteen nephrology centers of Porto Alegre were considered for inclusion in the baseline phase of the CORDIAL study. Clinical, laboratory and demographic data were obtained in medical records and in structured individual interviews performed in all patients by trained researchers.


RESULTS
A total of 1215 patients were included (97.3% of all hemodialysis patients in the city of Porto Alegre). Their average age was 58.3 years old, 59.5% were male and 62.8% were white. The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors observed was 87.5% for hypertension, 84.7% for dyslipidemia, 73.1% for sedentary lifestyle, 53.7% for tobacco use, and 35.8% for diabetes. In a multivariate adjusted analysis, we found that sedentary lifestyle (p = 0.032, PR 1.08 - 95%CI: 1.01-1.15), dyslipidemia (p = 0.019, PR 1.08 - 95%CI: 1.01-1.14), and obesity (p < 0.001, PR 1.96 - 95%CI: 1.45-2.63) were more frequent in women; and hypertension (p = 0.018, PR 1.06 - 95%CI: 1.01-1.11) and tobacco use (p = 0.006, PR 2.7 - 95%CI: 1.79-4.17) were more often found among patients under 65 years old. Sedentary lifestyle was independently associated with time in dialysis less than 12 months (p < 0.001, PR 1.23 - 95% CI: 1.14-1.33).


CONCLUSIONS
Hemodialysis patients in this southern metropolitan Brazilian city have a high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors resembling many northern countries.
Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.
Jayme Eduardo
JE
Burmeister
Curso de Medicina, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.
Camila Borges
CB
Mosmann
Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.
Veridiana Borges
VB
Costa
Curso de Medicina, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.
Ramiro Tubino
RT
Saraiva
Curso de Medicina, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.
Renata Rech
RR
Grandi
Curso de Medicina, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.
Juliano Peixoto
JP
Bastos
Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.
Luiz Felipe
LF
Gonçalves
Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.
Guido Aranha
GA
Rosito
D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology; D013997:Time Factors