Durability of a vesicular stomatitis virus-based marburg virus vaccine in nonhuman primates.
The filoviruses, Marburg virus (MARV) and Ebola virus, causes severe hemorrhagic fever with high mortality in humans and nonhuman primates. A promising filovirus vaccine under development is based on a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV) that expresses individual filovirus glycoproteins (GPs) in place of the VSV glycoprotein (G). These vaccines have shown 100% efficacy against filovirus infection in nonhuman primates when challenge occurs 28-35 days after a single injection immunization. Here, we examined the ability of a rVSV MARV-GP vaccine to provide protection when challenge occurs more than a year after vaccination. Cynomolgus macaques were immunized with rVSV-MARV-GP and challenged with MARV approximately 14 months after vaccination. Immunization resulted in the vaccine cohort of six animals having anti-MARV GP IgG throughout the pre-challenge period. Following MARV challenge none of the vaccinated animals showed any signs of clinical disease or viremia and all were completely protected from MARV infection. Two unvaccinated control animals exhibited signs consistent with MARV infection and both succumbed. Importantly, these data are the first to show 100% protective efficacy against any high dose filovirus challenge beyond 8 weeks after final vaccination. These findings demonstrate the durability of VSV-based filovirus vaccines.
Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America.
Chad E
CE
Mire
Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America.
Joan B
JB
Geisbert
Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America.
Krystle N
KN
Agans
Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America.
Benjamin A
BA
Satterfield
Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America.
Krista M
KM
Versteeg
Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America.
Elizabeth A
EA
Fritz
Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America.
Heinz
H
Feldmann
Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America.
Lisa E
LE
Hensley
Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America.
Thomas W
TW
Geisbert
D000818:Animals; D046129:Ebola Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000502:physiology; D056724:Immunity, Humoral / Q000502:physiology; D008251:Macaca; D008297:Male; D008379:Marburg Virus Disease / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D029024:Marburgvirus / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D011323:Primates; D054243:Vesicular Stomatitis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D014766:Viremia / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology
D046129:Ebola Vaccines