Short-term aerobic exercise and vascular function in CKD stage 3: a randomized controlled trial.
BACKGROUND
The present study was designed to determine the effect of short-term moderate-intensity exercise training on arterial stiffness in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 3.


METHODS
Randomized controlled trial with a parallel-group design.


METHODS
Testing and training sessions were performed at Springfield College. 46 (treatment group, n=25; control group, n=21) patients with CKD with diabetes and/or hypertension completed the study.


METHODS
The aerobic training program consisted of 16 weeks of supervised exercise training at 50%-60% peak oxygen uptake (Vo2peak) 3 times per week, while the control group remained sedentary. Identical testing procedures were performed following the 16-week intervention.


RESULTS
The primary outcome was arterial stiffness. Secondary outcomes were aerobic capacity, various blood parameters (endothelin 1, nitrate/nitrite, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein), and health-related quality of life.


METHODS
Arterial stiffness was assessed with aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV), aerobic capacity by Vo2peak, blood parameters by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and health-related quality of life by the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). Participants attended 4 sessions before being randomly assigned to either the treatment or control group. Participants gave consent during the first session, whereas a graded exercise test with measurement of Vo2peak was completed during the second session. During sessions 3 and 4, aortic PWV was measured at rest prior to 40 minutes of either moderate-intensity exercise training or seated rest. A venous blood sample was obtained prior to exercise or rest and participants completed the SF-36 questionnaire.


RESULTS
16 weeks of training led to an 8.2% increase in Vo2peak for the treatment group (P=0.05), but no changes in aortic PWV .


CONCLUSIONS
Randomization was not concealed and was violated on one occasion; also, use of an indirect measurement of endothelial function and the short duration of the intervention.


CONCLUSIONS
Short-term moderate-intensity exercise training does not alter arterial stiffness in patients with CKD, but seems to reduce endothelin 1 levels.
Springfield College, Springfield, MA. Electronic address: sheadley@springfieldcollege.edu.
Samuel
S
Headley
Western New England Renal & Transplant Associates, Springfield, MA.
Michael
M
Germain
Springfield College, Springfield, MA.
Richard
R
Wood
Springfield College, Springfield, MA.
Jyovani
J
Joubert
Springfield College, Springfield, MA.
Charles
C
Milch
Springfield College, Springfield, MA.
Elizabeth
E
Evans
Western New England Renal & Transplant Associates, Springfield, MA; University of the Rockies, Colorado Springs, CO.
Anthony
A
Poindexter
University of the Rockies, Colorado Springs, CO.
Allen
A
Cornelius
Springfield College, Springfield, MA.
Britton
B
Brewer
University of Connecticut, Storrs.
Linda S
LS
Pescatello
University of Hartford, West Hartford, CT.
Beth
B
Parker
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D013997:Time Factors; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D059289:Vascular Stiffness / Q000502:physiology*
Arterial stiffness; aerobic training; carotid-femoral arterial stiffness; chronic kidney disease (CKD); endothelium; pulse wave velocity; short-term; vascular function; vasoactive balance