Electronic versus paper-based assessment of health-related quality of life specific to HIV disease: reliability study of the PROQOL-HIV questionnaire.
BACKGROUND
Electronic patient-reported outcomes (PRO) provide quick and usually reliable assessments of patients' health-related quality of life (HRQL).


OBJECTIVE
An electronic version of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Quality of Life-human immunodeficiency virus (PROQOL-HIV) questionnaire was developed, and its face validity and reliability were assessed using standard psychometric methods.


METHODS
A sample of 80 French outpatients (66% male, 52/79; mean age 46.7 years, SD 10.9) were recruited. Paper-based and electronic questionnaires were completed in a randomized crossover design (2-7 day interval). Biomedical data were collected. Questionnaire version and order effects were tested on full-scale scores in a 2-way ANOVA with patients as random effects. Test-retest reliability was evaluated using Pearson and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC, with 95% confidence interval) for each dimension. Usability testing was carried out from patients' survey reports, specifically, general satisfaction, ease of completion, quality and clarity of user interface, and motivation to participate in follow-up PROQOL-HIV electronic assessments.


RESULTS
Questionnaire version and administration order effects (N=59 complete cases) were not significant at the 5% level, and no interaction was found between these 2 factors (P=.94). Reliability indexes were acceptable, with Pearson correlations greater than .7 and ICCs ranging from .708 to .939; scores were not statistically different between the two versions. A total of 63 (79%) complete patients' survey reports were available, and 55% of patients (30/55) reported being satisfied and interested in electronic assessment of their HRQL in clinical follow-up. Individual ratings of PROQOL-HIV user interface (85%-100% of positive responses) confirmed user interface clarity and usability.


CONCLUSIONS
The electronic PROQOL-HIV introduces minor modifications to the original paper-based version, following International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) ePRO Task Force guidelines, and shows good reliability and face validity. Patients can complete the computerized PROQOL-HIV questionnaire and the scores from the paper or electronic versions share comparable accuracy and interpretation.
Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Unité de Méthodologie des critères d'évaluation (Patient-Reported Outcomes), EA Recherche Clinique Coordonnée Ville-Hôpital, Méthodologies et Société (ED 393), Paris cedex 10, France. duracinsky.m@gmail.com.
Martin
M
Duracinsky
Christophe
C
Lalanne
Cécile
C
Goujard
Susan
S
Herrmann
Christian
C
Cheung-Lung
Jean-Paul
JP
Brosseau
Yannick
Y
Schwartz
Olivier
O
Chassany
D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003201:Computers; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D057286:Electronic Health Records; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010209:Paper; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D057566:Self Report; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014584:User-Computer Interface
HIV; electronic records; patient-reported outcomes; quality of life; reliability