Investigating graph comprehension in students with dyslexia: an eye tracking study.
The purpose of this study was to examine graph comprehension in college students with developmental dyslexia. We investigated how graph types (line, vertical bar, and horizontal bar graphs), graphic patterns (single and double graphic patterns), and question types (point locating and comparison questions) differentially affect graph comprehension of students with and without dyslexia. Groups were compared for (1) reaction times for answering comprehension questions based on graphed data and (2) eye gaze times for specific graph subregions (x-axis, y-axis, pattern, legend, question, and answer). Dyslexic readers were significantly slower in their graph comprehension than their peers with group differences becoming more robust with the increasing complexity of graphs and tasks. In addition, dyslexic readers' initial eye gaze viewing times for linguistic subregions (question and answer) and total viewing times for both linguistic (question and answer) and nonlinguistic (pattern) subregions were significantly longer than their control peers' times. In spite of using elementary-level paragraphs for comprehension and simple graph forms, young adults with dyslexia needed more time to process linguistic and nonlinguistic stimuli. These findings are discussed relative to theories proposed to address fundamental processing deficits in individuals with dyslexia.
Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Central Arkansas, United States. Electronic address: skim@uca.edu.
Sunjung
S
Kim
School of Special Education, School Psychology, and Early Childhood Studies, University of Florida, United States.
Linda J
LJ
Lombardino
Department of Linguistics, University of Florida, United States.
Wind
W
Cowles
Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, University of Florida, United States.
Lori J
LJ
Altmann
D000293:Adolescent; D032882:Comprehension; D003196:Computer Graphics; D004193:Discrimination Learning; D004410:Dyslexia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D005133:Eye Movements; D005260:Female; D005403:Fixation, Ocular; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual; D011340:Problem Solving; D011930:Reaction Time; D012016:Reference Values; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult
College students; Developmental dyslexia; Eye tracking; Graph comprehension