Pharmacokinetic characterization of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) fruit extract standardized to α-mangostin in C57BL/6 mice.
Previously, we have reported the pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of α-mangostin in mice. For this study, we evaluated the PK profile of α-mangostin using a standardized mangosteen extract in C57BL/6 mice. The primary objective was to determine the PK properties of α-mangostin when administered as an extract. This experiment was designed to test our primary hypothesis that α-mangostin in an extract should achieve a desirable PK profile. This is especially relevant as dietary supplements of mangosteen fruit are regularly standardized to α-mangostin. Mice received 100 mg/kg of mangosteen fruit extract orally, equivalent to 36 mg/kg of α-mangostin, and plasma samples were analyzed over a 24-hour period. Concentrations of α-mangostin were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. In addition, we evaluated the stability in the presence of phase I and phase II enzymes in liver and gastrointestinal microsomes. Furthermore, we identified evidence of phase II metabolism of α-mangostin. Further research will be required to determine if less abundant xanthones present in the mangosteen may modulate the PK parameters of α-mangostin.
Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL.
Sakina M
SM
Petiwala
Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL.
Gongbo
G
Li
Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL.
Atulkumar
A
Ramaiya
Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL.
Anoop
A
Kumar
Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL.
Ravinder K
RK
Gill
Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL.
Seema
S
Saksena
Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL; University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, IL. Electronic address: jjjohn@uic.edu.
Jeremy J
JJ
Johnson
D000818:Animals; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000592:standards; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D029762:Garcinia mangostana / Q000737:chemistry*; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000378:metabolism; D008658:Inactivation, Metabolic; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D044004:Xanthones / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000592:standards
D010936:Plant Extracts; D044004:Xanthones; C021053:mangostin
Absorption; C57BL/6 mice; Mangosteen; Pharmacokinetic; α-mangostin