Inferred cosmic-ray spectrum from Fermi large area telescope γ-ray observations of Earth's limb.
Recent accurate measurements of cosmic-ray (CR) species by ATIC-2, CREAM, and PAMELA reveal an unexpected hardening in the proton and He spectra above a few hundred GeV, a gradual softening of the spectra just below a few hundred GeV, and a harder spectrum of He compared to that of protons. These newly discovered features may offer a clue to the origin of high-energy CRs. We use the Fermi Large Area Telescope observations of the γ-ray emission from Earth's limb for an indirect measurement of the local spectrum of CR protons in the energy range ∼90  GeV-6  TeV (derived from a photon energy range 15 GeV-1 TeV). Our analysis shows that single power law and broken power law spectra fit the data equally well and yield a proton spectrum with index 2.68±0.04 and 2.61±0.08 above ∼200  GeV, respectively.
Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany.
M
M
Ackermann
Space Sciences Laboratory, 7 Gauss Way, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-7450, USA.
M
M
Ajello
W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
A
A
Albert
W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
A
A
Allafort
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.
L
L
Baldini
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.
G
G
Barbiellini
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy.
D
D
Bastieri
W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
K
K
Bechtol
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.
R
R
Bellazzini
W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
R D
RD
Blandford
W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
E D
ED
Bloom
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy.
E
E
Bonamente
W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
E
E
Bottacini
Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA.
A
A
Bouvier
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA.
T J
TJ
Brandt
Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy.
M
M
Brigida
Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, Palaiseau, France.
P
P
Bruel
Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany.
R
R
Buehler
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy.
S
S
Buson
W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA and Consorzio Interuniversitario per la Fisica Spaziale (CIFS), I-10133 Torino, Italy.
G A
GA
Caliandro
W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
R A
RA
Cameron
INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica, I-20133 Milano, Italy.
P A
PA
Caraveo
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy.
C
C
Cecchi
W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
E
E
Charles
Laboratoire AIM, CEA-IRFU/CNRS/Université Paris Diderot, Service d'Astrophysique, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France.
R C G
RC
Chaves
Center for Earth Observing and Space Research, College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, USA.
A
A
Chekhtman
W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
J
J
Chiang
Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy.
G
G
Chiaro
Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) Science Data Center, I-00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy and Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone (Roma), Italy.
S
S
Ciprini
W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
R
R
Claus
Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3 Montpellier, France.
J
J
Cohen-Tanugi
Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden and The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden and The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Box 50005, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden.
J
J
Conrad
Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) Science Data Center, I-00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy and Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone (Roma), Italy.
S
S
Cutini
Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Bordeaux 1, BP120, F-33175 Gradignan Cedex, France.
M
M
Dalton
INAF Istituto di Radioastronomia, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
F
F
D'Ammando
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Udine and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, Gruppo Collegato di Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy.
A
A
de Angelis
Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy.
F
F
de Palma
Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375-5352, USA.
C D
CD
Dermer
W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
S W
SW
Digel
Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy.
L
L
Di Venere
W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
E
E
do Couto e Silva
W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
P S
PS
Drell
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA.
A
A
Drlica-Wagner
Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy.
C
C
Favuzzi
Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, Palaiseau, France.
S J
SJ
Fegan
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA.
E C
EC
Ferrara
W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
W B
WB
Focke
W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
A
A
Franckowiak
Department of Physical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.
Y
Y
Fukazawa
W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
S
S
Funk
Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy.
P
P
Fusco
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy.
F
F
Gargano
Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) Science Data Center, I-00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy and Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone (Roma), Italy.
D
D
Gasparrini
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy.
S
S
Germani
Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy.
N
N
Giglietto
Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy.
F
F
Giordano
INAF Istituto di Radioastronomia, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
M
M
Giroletti
W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
T
T
Glanzman
W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
G
G
Godfrey
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata", I-00133 Roma, Italy and Departamento de Física Teórica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain and Instituto de Física Teórica IFT-UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain.
G A
GA
Gomez-Vargas
Laboratoire AIM, CEA-IRFU/CNRS/Université Paris Diderot, Service d'Astrophysique, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France.
I A
IA
Grenier
Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375-5352, USA.
J E
JE
Grove
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA.
S
S
Guiriec
Service de Physique Theorique, Universite Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Bld du Triomphe, CP225, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
M
M
Gustafsson
Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik and Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
D
D
Hadasch
Institute for Cosmic-Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan.
Y
Y
Hanabata
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA.
A K
AK
Harding
Institute for Cosmic-Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan.
M
M
Hayashida
Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, JAXA, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan.
K
K
Hayashi
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA.
J W
JW
Hewitt
Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, Palaiseau, France.
D
D
Horan
Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Bordeaux 1, BP120, F-33175 Gradignan Cedex, France.
X
X
Hou
Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
R E
RE
Hughes
W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
Y
Y
Inoue
The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden and Department of Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
M S
MS
Jackson
W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
T
T
Jogler
Science Institute, University of Iceland, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland.
G
G
Jóhannesson
W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
A S
AS
Johnson
W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
T
T
Kamae
Department of Physical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.
T
T
Kawano
CNRS, IRAP, F-31028 Toulouse cedex 4, France and GAHEC, Université de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP, 31028 Toulouse, France.
J
J
Knödlseder
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.
M
M
Kuss
W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
J
J
Lande
Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden and The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden and Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
S
S
Larsson
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy.
L
L
Latronico
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.
F
F
Longo
Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy.
F
F
Loparco
Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375-5352, USA.
M N
MN
Lovellette
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy.
P
P
Lubrano
Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany.
M
M
Mayer
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy.
M N
MN
Mazziotta
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA and Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
J E
JE
McEnery
Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Bordeaux 1, BP120, F-33175 Gradignan Cedex, France.
J
J
Mehault
W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
P F
PF
Michelson
W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA and Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
W
W
Mitthumsiri
Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.
T
T
Mizuno
Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA and Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology (CRESST) and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA.
A A
AA
Moiseev
Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy.
C
C
Monte
W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
M E
ME
Monzani
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata", I-00133 Roma, Italy.
A
A
Morselli
W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
I V
IV
Moskalenko
Center for Cosmology, Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2575, USA.
S
S
Murgia
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA and Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology (CRESST) and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA and Department of Physics and Center for Space Sciences and Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA.
R
R
Nemmen
Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3 Montpellier, France.
E
E
Nuss
Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.
T
T
Ohsugi
W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA and Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
A
A
Okumura
INAF Istituto di Radioastronomia, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
M
M
Orienti
W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
E
E
Orlando
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80208, USA.
J F
JF
Ormes
W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA and Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany.
D
D
Paneque
W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
J H
JH
Panetta
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA.
J S
JS
Perkins
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.
M
M
Pesce-Rollins
Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3 Montpellier, France.
F
F
Piron
Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy.
G
G
Pivato
W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
T A
TA
Porter
Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy.
S
S
Rainò
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy.
R
R
Rando
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.
M
M
Razzano
Department of Physics, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa.
S
S
Razzaque
W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA and Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik and Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
A
A
Reimer
W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA and Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik and Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
O
O
Reimer
Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA.
S
S
Ritz
Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1560, USA.
M
M
Roth
National Research Council Research Associate, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. 20001, USA.
M
M
Schaal
Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany.
A
A
Schulz
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.
C
C
Sgrò
NYCB Real-Time Computing Inc., Lattingtown, New York 11560-1025, USA.
E J
EJ
Siskind
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.
G
G
Spandre
Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy.
P
P
Spinelli
Max-Planck Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, 85748 Garching, Germany.
A W
AW
Strong
Department of Physical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.
H
H
Takahashi
Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1, Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan.
Y
Y
Takeuchi
W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
J G
JG
Thayer
W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
J B
JB
Thayer
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA.
D J
DJ
Thompson
W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
L
L
Tibaldo
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.
M
M
Tinivella
Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (IEEE-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Barcelona, Spain and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
D F
DF
Torres
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy.
G
G
Tosti
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA and Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
E
E
Troja
Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy.
V
V
Tronconi
W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
T L
TL
Usher
W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
J
J
Vandenbroucke
Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3 Montpellier, France.
V
V
Vasileiou
W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
G
G
Vianello
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata", I-00133 Roma, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", I-00133 Roma, Italy.
V
V
Vitale
Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik and Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
M
M
Werner
Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
B L
BL
Winer
Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375-5352, USA.
K S
KS
Wood
W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
M
M
Wood
Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden and The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
Z
Z
Yang