Resuscitated cardiac arrest and prognosis following myocardial infarction.
OBJECTIVE
To determine whether resuscitated cardiac arrest (CA) complicating ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) impacts outcome, particularly in patients surviving to discharge.


BACKGROUND
Resuscitated CA complicating STEMI is associated with increased inpatient mortality. The impact on later prognosis is unclear.


METHODS
We analysed data from the UK Myocardial Ischaemia National Audit Project for STEMI patients admitted during January 2008-March 2010. We used survival analyses to assess the independent impact of resuscitated CA during the index episode on inhospital, 30 days, 1 year and medium term all-cause mortality.


RESULTS
Of 48 749 STEMI patients, 5308 (10.9%) were recorded as having a CA. Of these, 1557 (29.3%) died on the day of CA. In survivors, after covariate adjustment, resuscitated CA was associated with increased risk of death during the index admission (HR 4.05 (3.69 to 4.45) p<0.001). In patients surviving to discharge, a history of resuscitated CA was associated with increased risk of death to 30 days (HR 1.53 (1.18 to 2.00), p<0.001). However, beyond 30 days, resuscitated CA was not associated with increased mortality risk (1-year HR 0.95 (0.79 to 1.14, p=0.596); 3.5 years HR 0.90 (0.78 to 1.04), p=0.144). The influence of resuscitated CA on inhospital or 30-day mortality was similar whether CA occurred before or after hospital admission. Where the resuscitated CA rhythm was asystole, inhospital mortality was higher compared with ventricular arrhythmia (p<0.001) or pulseless electrical activity (p=0.011). Late resuscitated CA (occurring after the day of index STEMI) was associated with higher 30-day postdischarge mortality compared with early resuscitated CA (p=0.023).


CONCLUSIONS
STEMI complicated by resuscitated CA merits careful monitoring in the early period postevent. In contemporary practice, there is no impact of resuscitated CA on longer-term prognosis.
Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, and Leicester NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK.
Albert E
AE
Alahmar
Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, and Leicester NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK.
Christopher P
CP
Nelson
Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, and Leicester NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK.
Kym I E
KI
Snell
Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, and Leicester NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK.
Matthew F
MF
Yuyun
Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, and Leicester NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK.
Muntaser D
MD
Musameh
Barts and The London NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK.
Adam
A
Timmis
National Institute for Cardiovascular Outcomes Research, Centre for Cardiovascular Preventions and Outcomes, University College London, Leicester, UK.
John S
JS
Birkhead
The Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Sumeet S
SS
Chugh
Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, UK.
John R
JR
Thompson
Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, and Leicester NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK.
Iain B
IB
Squire
Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, and Leicester NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK.
Nilesh J
NJ
Samani
D000368:Aged; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000379:methods; D004739:England; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008485:Medical Audit; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014693:Ventricular Fibrillation / Q000628:therapy; D014852:Wales
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