New Enlightenment of Skin Cancer Chemoprevention through Phytochemicals: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies and the Underlying Mechanisms.
Skin cancer is still a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Skin overexposure to ultraviolet irradiations, chemicals, and several viruses has a capability to cause severe skin-related disorders including immunosuppression and skin cancer. These factors act in sequence at various steps of skin carcinogenesis via initiation, promotion, and/or progression. These days cancer chemoprevention is recognized as the most hopeful and novel approach to prevent, inhibit, or reverse the processes of carcinogenesis by intervention with natural products. Phytochemicals have antioxidant, antimutagenic, anticarcinogenic, and carcinogen detoxification capabilities thereby considered as efficient chemopreventive agents. Considerable efforts have been done to identify the phytochemicals which may possibly act on one or several molecular targets that modulate cellular processes such as inflammation, immunity, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis. Till date several phytochemicals in the light of chemoprevention have been studied by using suitable skin carcinogenic in vitro and in vivo models and proven as beneficial for prevention of skin cancer. This revision presents a comprehensive knowledge and the main molecular mechanisms of actions of various phytochemicals in the chemoprevention of skin cancer.
Proteomics Laboratory, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, P.O. Box 80, M. G. Marg, Lucknow 226001, India.
Madhulika
M
Singh
Proteomics Laboratory, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, P.O. Box 80, M. G. Marg, Lucknow 226001, India.
Shankar
S
Suman
Proteomics Laboratory, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, P.O. Box 80, M. G. Marg, Lucknow 226001, India.
Yogeshwer
Y
Shukla
D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D064209:Phytochemicals / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012867:Skin / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control*
D064209:Phytochemicals