Stimulant doping agents used in Brazil: prevalence, detectability, analytical implications, and challenges.
This article presents the prevalence of stimulant doping among Brazilian athletes, the analytical approaches used, as well as a general evolution of the detectability of the stimulants being used. Results from the Brazilian accredited doping control laboratory are compared with the global statistics disclosed by the World Anti-Doping Agency. The high prevalence of stimulant doping in Brazil can be attributed to several reasons, including "self-administration," a "body-shaping" culture, and the use of nutritional supplements.
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Química, LBCD-LADETEC, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Henrique Marcelo Gualberto
HM
Pereira
Vinícius Figueiredo
VF
Sardela
D000662:Amphetamines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D056352:Athletes; D001938:Brazil; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003042:Cocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004300:Doping in Sports / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D015995:Prevalence; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000379:methods*
D000662:Amphetamines; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D003042:Cocaine
Brazil; chromatography; cocaine; doping control; mass spectrometry; methylhexaneamine; prevalence; recreational drugs; sibutramine; sport; stimulants; “body image” drugs; “over-the-counter” drugs