Natural occurrence of type-B trichothecene mycotoxins in Korean cereal-based products.
Type-B trichothecenes (deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV), fusarenone-X (FUS-X), 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15ADON), and 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3ADON)) were determined in 338 cereal-based products. Detection limit, quantification limit and mean recovery for five toxins were in the ranges 0.7-2.6 µg kg(-1), 2.1-7.8 µg kg(-1) and 73-110%, respectively. The range of occurrence and average level in samples were, respectively, 21-88% and 5.2-121.8 µg kg(-1) for NIV, 10-96% and 1.7-109.5 µg kg(-1) for DON, 2-39% and 0.4-3.6 µg kg(-1) for FUS-X, 0-80% and 0-17.3 µg kg(-1) for 15ADON, and 0-29% and 0-1.5 µg kg(-1) for 3ADON. Regarding co-occurrence, 64% of samples had more than two type-B trichothecenes. The estimated daily intakes of NIV, DON, FUS-X, 15ADON, and 3ADON were 0.077, 0.048, 0.004, 0.006 and 0.002 µg kg(-1) bw day(-1), respectively. These results suggest that current exposure levels do not indicate the possibility of adverse effects, but consideration of the combined exposure of type-B trichothecenes may be required due to the high frequency of co-occurrence.
a Food Safety Research Center , Korea Food Research Institute , Sungnam 463-746 , South Korea.
Hyun Ee
HE
Ok
Sung-Wook
SW
Choi
Soo Hyun
SH
Chung
Young-Woon
YW
Kang
Dong-Sul
DS
Kim
Hyang Sook
HS
Chun
D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000737:chemistry*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D056910:Republic of Korea; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000032:analysis*
D014255:Trichothecenes
cereals and grain; mycotoxins, trichothecenes