Somatostatin system: molecular mechanisms regulating anterior pituitary hormones.
The somatostatin (SRIF) system, which includes the SRIF ligand and receptors, regulates anterior pituitary gland function, mainly inhibiting hormone secretion and to some extent pituitary tumor cell growth. SRIF-14 via its cognate G-protein-coupled receptors (subtypes 1-5) activates multiple cellular signaling pathways including adenylate cyclase/cAMP, MAPK, ion channel-dependent pathways, and others. In addition, recent data have suggested SRIF-independent constitutive SRIF receptor activity responsible for GH and ACTH inhibition in vitro. This review summarizes current knowledge on ligand-dependent and independent SRIF receptor molecular and functional effects on hormone-secreting cells in the anterior pituitary gland.
Division of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Pituitary Center, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Davis Building, Room 3066, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA.
Tamar
T
Eigler
Division of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Pituitary Center, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Davis Building, Room 3066, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA benshlomoa@cshs.org.
Anat
A
Ben-Shlomo
D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000502:physiology; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000378:metabolism; D008024:Ligands; D008954:Models, Biological; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases / Q000378:metabolism; D010903:Pituitary Gland, Anterior / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D010908:Pituitary Hormones, Anterior / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D017481:Receptors, Somatostatin / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013004:Somatostatin / Q000502:physiology*
D007473:Ion Channels; D008024:Ligands; D010908:Pituitary Hormones, Anterior; D017481:Receptors, Somatostatin; D013004:Somatostatin; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases
hormone secretion; pituitary; receptors; somatostatin