Estimation of impact of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia on pastoralists in Kenya.
Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is an infectious disease which impacts cattle production in sub-Saharan Africa. To adequately allocate resources for its control, there is a need to assess its impact on cattle producers. The present study estimated the impact of CBPP on pastoralists through analysis of various strategies employed for its control in cattle herds including: preventive vaccination, antimicrobial treatment, slaughter of clinical cases and other combinations of these control strategies. The assessment was based on a loss-expenditure frontier framework to identify a control strategy with minimum cost from both expenditures on control strategies and output losses due to mortalities, reduced milk yield, reduced weight gain and reduced fertility rate. The analysis was undertaken in a stochastic spreadsheet model. The control strategy with minimum cost per herd was preventive vaccination with an estimated cost of US$ 193 (90% CI; 170-215) per 100 cows per year, while slaughter of clinical cases had an estimated cost of US$ 912 (90% CI; 775-1055) per 100 cows per year. The impact of CBPP to the nation was estimated at US$ 7.6 (90% CI; 6.5-8.7) million per year. Yet, if all pastoralists whose cattle are at high risk of infection adopted preventive vaccination, the aggregate national impact would be US$ 3.3 (90% CI; 2.9-3.7) million per year, with savings amounting to US$ 4.3 million through reallocation of control expenditures. The analysis predicted that control of CBPP in Kenya is profitable through preventive vaccination. However, further research is recommended for the technical and financial feasibility of implementing a vaccine delivery system in pastoral areas where CBPP is endemic.
Department of Production and Population Health, Veterinary Epidemiology and Public Health Group, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, AL97TA Hatfield, United Kingdom. Electronic address: jonono@rvc.ac.uk.
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Onono
Department of Production and Population Health, Veterinary Epidemiology and Public Health Group, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, AL97TA Hatfield, United Kingdom.
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Wieland
Department of Production and Population Health, Veterinary Epidemiology and Public Health Group, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, AL97TA Hatfield, United Kingdom.
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Rushton
D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000191:economics*; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D015994:Incidence; D007630:Kenya / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D009176:Mycoplasma mycoides / Q000502:physiology*; D011002:Pleuropneumonia, Contagious / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015995:Prevalence; D014611:Vaccination / Q000191:economics / Q000662:veterinary*
Cost of disease; Impact assessment; Pastoral production system