Self-disclosure of breast cancer diagnosis by Iranian women to friends and colleagues.
BACKGROUND
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common form of cancer in Iranian women, and it remains a major health problem. An increasing number of young women are being diagnosed with BC, and therefore, there is an increasing likelihood that more women will survive breast cancer for many years. Many opine that self-disclosure of BC diagnosis is important because talking about cancer helps people to make sense of their experiences; in fact, self-disclosure appears to play an important role in many health outcomes. However, this has not yet been studied in BC patients in Iran. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the status of self-disclosure of BC diagnosis by Iranian women to friends and colleagues.


METHODS
All BC records for 2001-2011 of employed women were studied at five hospitals in Mashhad. Data about the self-disclosure of BC diagnosis were gathered through telephone interviews, and the participants filled out a questionnaire about their status of self-disclosure of BC diagnosis to various groups of people.


RESULTS
The mean age of employed women at the time of diagnosis was 44.3 ± 6.7 years. Over 60% self-disclosed to work colleagues and over 90% to bosses/managers. Seventy per cent reported that they had support from their family and husband's family, while 95% reported that they had support from parents, siblings, children and friends.


CONCLUSIONS
Most employed women self-disclosed freely to family, friends, colleagues and bosses/managers. Apparently, self-disclosure of breast cancer diagnosis may have negative effects at work. About half of patients reported that they had support from family, managers and colleagues; however, for nearly 28% of employed women, disclosure had less positive effects. In particular, it altered their perception of others, produced difficulties with work and family and diminished closeness with the people who were told. However, the stigma of BC is far less than it once was.
Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS), Mashhad, Iran E-mail : Azarkishf881@mums.ac.ir.
Khadijeh Mirzaii
KM
Najmabadi
Fatemeh
F
Azarkish
Robab
R
Latifnejadroudsari
Fatemeh Homaei
FH
Shandiz
Seyed Amir
SA
Aledavood
Ali Taghizadeh
AT
Kermani
Habib Ollah
HO
Esmaily
D000328:Adult; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology*; D004651:Employment; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D033062:Friends; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D007492:Iran; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012650:Self Disclosure; D057545:Social Stigma; D012944:Social Support; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014342:Truth Disclosure