Therapeutic targeting of BET bromodomain proteins in castration-resistant prostate cancer.
Men who develop metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) invariably succumb to the disease. Progression to CRPC after androgen ablation therapy is predominantly driven by deregulated androgen receptor (AR) signalling. Despite the success of recently approved therapies targeting AR signalling, such as abiraterone and second-generation anti-androgens including MDV3100 (also known as enzalutamide), durable responses are limited, presumably owing to acquired resistance. Recently, JQ1 and I-BET762 two selective small-molecule inhibitors that target the amino-terminal bromodomains of BRD4, have been shown to exhibit anti-proliferative effects in a range of malignancies. Here we show that AR-signalling-competent human CRPC cell lines are preferentially sensitive to bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) inhibition. BRD4 physically interacts with the N-terminal domain of AR and can be disrupted by JQ1 (refs 11, 13). Like the direct AR antagonist MDV3100, JQ1 disrupted AR recruitment to target gene loci. By contrast with MDV3100, JQ1 functions downstream of AR, and more potently abrogated BRD4 localization to AR target loci and AR-mediated gene transcription, including induction of the TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion and its oncogenic activity. In vivo, BET bromodomain inhibition was more efficacious than direct AR antagonism in CRPC xenograft mouse models. Taken together, these studies provide a novel epigenetic approach for the concerted blockade of oncogenic drivers in advanced prostate cancer.
1] Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA [2] Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
Irfan A
IA
Asangani
Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
Vijaya L
VL
Dommeti
1] Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA [2] Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
Xiaoju
X
Wang
1] Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA [2] Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
Rohit
R
Malik
Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
Marcin
M
Cieslik
Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA.
Rendong
R
Yang
Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
June
J
Escara-Wilke
Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
Kari
K
Wilder-Romans
Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
Sudheer
S
Dhanireddy
Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
Carl
C
Engelke
Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
Mathew K
MK
Iyer
Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
Xiaojun
X
Jing
1] Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA [2] Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
Yi-Mi
YM
Wu
1] Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA [2] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
Xuhong
X
Cao
Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA.
Zhaohui S
ZS
Qin
1] Departments of Internal Medicine, Pharmacology, and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA [2] Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
Shaomeng
S
Wang
1] Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA [2] Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA [3] Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
Felix Y
FY
Feng
1] Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA [2] Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA [3] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA [4] Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA [5] Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
Arul M
AM
Chinnaiyan
D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000728:Androgens / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001381:Azepines / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D015514:Oncogene Proteins, Fusion / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D064129:Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary / Q000187:drug effects; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000737:chemistry*; D014230:Triazoles / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000092468:Bromodomain Containing Proteins
D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D000728:Androgens; D001381:Azepines; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D015514:Oncogene Proteins, Fusion; D011944:Receptors, Androgen; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014230:Triazoles; C561695:(+)-JQ1 compound; C441289:BRD4 protein, human; D000092468:Bromodomain Containing Proteins; C515553:TMPRSS2-ERG fusion protein, human