Contrasting microbial functional genes in two distinct saline-alkali and slightly acidic oil-contaminated sites.
To compare the functional gene structure and diversity of microbial communities in saline-alkali and slightly acidic oil-contaminated sites, 40 soil samples were collected from two typical oil exploration sites in North and South China and analyzed with a comprehensive functional gene array (GeoChip 3.0). The overall microbial pattern was significantly different between the two sites, and a more divergent pattern was observed in slightly acidic soils. Response ratio was calculated to compare the microbial functional genes involved in organic contaminant degradation and carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur cycling. The results indicated a significantly low abundance of most genes involved in organic contaminant degradation and in the cycling of nitrogen and phosphorus in saline-alkali soils. By contrast, most carbon degradation genes and all carbon fixation genes had similar abundance at both sites. Based on the relationship between the environmental variables and microbial functional structure, pH was the major factor influencing the microbial distribution pattern in the two sites. This study demonstrated that microbial functional diversity and heterogeneity in oil-contaminated environments can vary significantly in relation to local environmental conditions. The limitation of nitrogen and phosphorus and the low degradation capacity of organic contaminant should be carefully considered, particularly in most oil-exploration sites with saline-alkali soils.
State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China; State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. Electronic address: msliangyuting@foxmail.com.
Yuting
Y
Liang
School of Environmental & Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Jiangsu 213164, China.
Huihui
H
Zhao
State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
Xu
X
Zhang
State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Department of Botany and Microbiology, Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.
Jizhong
J
Zhou
State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. Electronic address: ligh@tsinghua.edu.
Guanghe
G
Li
D000468:Alkalies; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D057486:Carbon Cycle; D002681:China; D064351:Genes, Microbial; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D058458:Nitrogen Cycle; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D013455:Sulfur / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism
D000468:Alkalies; D012987:Soil; D010758:Phosphorus; D013455:Sulfur
Acidic soils; Functional genes; Oil contamination; Saline-alkali soils