Accuracy of noninvasive, single-plane fluoroscopic analysis for measurement of three-dimensional femorotibial joint poses in dogs treated by tibial plateau leveling osteotomy.
OBJECTIVE
To compare accuracy of a noninvasive single-plane fluoroscopic analysis technique with radiostereometric analysis (RSA) for determining 3-D femorotibial poses in a canine cadaver stifle joint treated by tibial-plateau-leveling osteotomy (TPLO).


METHODS
Left pelvic limb from a 25-kg adult mixed-breed dog.


METHODS
A CT scan of the left pelvic limb was performed. The left cranial cruciate ligament was transected, and a TPLO was performed. Radiopaque beads were implanted into the left femur and tibia, and the CT scan was repeated. Orthogonal fluoroscopic images of the left stifle joint were acquired at 5 stifle joint flexion angles ranging from 110° to 150° to simulate a gait cycle; 5 gait cycles were completed. Joint poses were calculated from the biplanar images by use of a digitally modified RSA and were compared with measurements obtained by use of hybrid implant-bone models matched to lateral-view fluoroscopic images. Single-plane measurements were performed by 2 observers and repeated 3 times by the primary observer.


RESULTS
Mean absolute differences between results of the single-plane fluoroscopic analysis and modified RSA were 0.34, 1.05, and 0.48 mm for craniocaudal, proximodistal, and mediolateral translations, respectively, and 0.56°, 0.85°, and 1.08° for flexion-extension, abduction-adduction, and internal-external rotations, respectively. Intraobserver and interobserver mean SDs did not exceed 0.59 mm for all translations and 0.93° for all rotations.


CONCLUSIONS
Results suggested that single-plane fluoroscopic analysis by use of hybrid implant-bone models may be a valid, noninvasive technique for accurately measuring 3-D femorotibial poses in dogs treated with TPLO.
Comparative Orthopaedics and Biomechanics Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608.
Stephen C
SC
Jones
Stanley E
SE
Kim
Scott A
SA
Banks
Bryan P
BP
Conrad
Abdullah Z
AZ
Abbasi
Giovanni
G
Tremolada
Daniel D
DD
Lewis
Antonio
A
Pozzi
D000818:Animals; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000601:surgery; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002102:Cadaver; D061827:Dimensional Measurement Accuracy; D004285:Dogs; D005269:Femur / Q000601:surgery; D005471:Fluoroscopy / Q000662:veterinary; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D059869:Radiostereometric Analysis / Q000662:veterinary; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D013264:Stifle / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D013977:Tibia / Q000601:surgery*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000662:veterinary