The current view for the silencing of the spindle assembly checkpoint.
Chromosome bipolar attachment is achieved when sister kinetochores are attached by microtubules emanating from opposite spindle poles, and this process is essential for faithful chromosome segregation during anaphase. A fundamental question in cell biology is how cells ensure that chromosome segregation only occurs after bipolar attachment. It is well documented that unattached kinetochores activate the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) to delay chromosome segregation. Therefore, the silencing of the SAC is thought to trigger anaphase onset, but how correct chromosome attachment is coupled with SAC silencing and the subsequent anaphase onset is poorly understood. The establishment of chromosome bipolar attachment not only results in the occupancy of kinetochores by microtubules but also applies tension on sister kinetochores. A long-standing debate is whether the kinetochore attachment (occupancy) or the tension silences the SAC. Recent work in budding yeast reveals the SAC silencing network SSN that prevents SAC silencing prior to tension generation at kinetochores. Therefore, this signaling pathway ensures that SAC silencing and the subsequent anaphase onset occur only after chromosome bipolar attachment applies tension on chromosomes. This review will summarize the recent advances in the understanding of the SAC silencing process.
Department of Biomedical Sciences; College of Medicine; Florida State University; Tallahassee, FL USA.
Yanchang
Y
Wang
Department of Biomedical Sciences; College of Medicine; Florida State University; Tallahassee, FL USA.
Fengzhi
F
Jin
Department of Biomedical Sciences; College of Medicine; Florida State University; Tallahassee, FL USA.
Ryan
R
Higgins
Department of Biomedical Sciences; College of Medicine; Florida State University; Tallahassee, FL USA.
Kelly
K
McKnight
D020090:Chromosome Segregation / Q000502:physiology*; D004398:Dyneins / Q000378:metabolism; D018386:Kinetochores / Q000502:physiology*; D059566:M Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D008957:Models, Genetic; D004718:Saccharomycetales; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*
D004398:Dyneins
checkpoint control; chromosomes; mitosis; yeast biology