Evaluation of a Danish pharmacist student-physician medication review collaboration model.
BACKGROUND
Interprofessional collaboration between pharmacists and physicians to conduct joint home medication reviews (HMR) is important for optimizing the medical treatment of patients suffering from chronic illnesses. However, collaboration has proved difficult to achieve. The HMR programme "Medisam" was launched in 2009 at the University of Copenhagen with the aim of "developing, implementing and evaluating a collaboration model for HMRs and medicine reconciliations in Denmark". The Medisam programme involves patients, pharmacy internship students, the (pharmacist) supervisor of the pharmacy students and physicians.


OBJECTIVE
To explore if it was possible through the Medisam programme to obtain a fruitful HMR collaboration between pharmacy internship students and physicians as a means to develop HMR collaboration between trained pharmacists and physicians further.


METHODS
Ten matching pairs of student-physician collaboration were studied across Denmark.


METHODS
Semi-structured interviews about existing collaboration were conducted with pharmacy internship students in the HMR programme, their supervisors and physicians partners. The theoretical framework forming the analyses was derived especially from works of Bradley et al. (Res Soc Adm Pharm 8:36-46, 2012), and Snyder et al. (Res Soc Adm Pharm 6:307-23, 2010) on pharmacists/physician collaboration.


METHODS
The development of inter-professional collaboration between students and physicians according to the three collaboration drivers: trustworthiness, role specification and professional interaction.


RESULTS
Full collaboration was not achieved. Physicians found collaboration satisfactory, students however expressed the need of more interaction with physicians. The written collaboration contracts did not ensure a possible need of students to re-negotiate roles and tasks, and did therefore not entirely ensure role specification. Developing mutual professional interdependence through students being recognized by physicians to contribute to improved patient outcomes was also limited.


CONCLUSIONS
Some challenges to fruitful collaboration were identified. Solutions to these challenges include students and their pharmacist supervisors to find ways to present their collaborative needs to physicians and for students to illustrate more explicitly the benefits patient achieve if physicians implement the recommendations of students.
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark, susanne.kaae@sund.ku.dk.
Susanne
S
Kaae
Ellen Westh
EW
Sørensen
Lotte Stig
LS
Nørgaard
D002982:Clinical Clerkship; D003157:Community Pharmacy Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D003718:Denmark; D017723:Drug Utilization Review / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D007400:Interprofessional Relations; D010820:Physicians; D024382:Professional Role; D013339:Students, Pharmacy