Use of artichoke (Cynara scolymus) flower extract as a substitute for bovine rennet in the manufacture of Gouda-type cheese: characterization of aspartic proteases.
Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) flower extract was assayed with the aim of replacing animal rennet in the manufacture of Gouda-type cheeses from bovine milk. Floral extract coagulated milk within a suitable time for use on an industrial scale, while the yield of cheese obtained was equal to that achieved with bovine abomasum. Five proteolytic fractions with milk-clotting activity were isolated in a two-step purification protocol, three belonging to the cardosin group. Cheeses made with C. scolymus proteases must be brined for a longer period (40 h) to prevent overproteolysis and avoid the development of a background flavor. The type of coagulant (bovine or vegetable) had no significant effect on the cheeses' chemical parameters analyzed throughout ripening, and no significant organoleptic differences were detected between those manufactured with C. scolymus or animal rennet. The results indicate that C. scolymus flower extract is suitable for replacing animal rennet in the production of Gouda-type cheeses.
Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory (CULTEV), Department of Basic Sciences, National University of Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Electronic address: llorente@unlu.edu.ar.
Berta E
BE
Llorente
LIProVe, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP, CC 711, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
Walter David
WD
Obregón
Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina and Departament de Bioquímica i de Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
Francesc X
FX
Avilés
LIProVe, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP, CC 711, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
Néstor O
NO
Caffini
LIProVe, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP, CC 711, 1900 La Plata, Argentina. Electronic address: svairo@biol.unlp.edu.ar.
Sandra
S
Vairo-Cavalli
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D016282:Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002364:Caseins / Q000378:metabolism; D002417:Cattle; D002611:Cheese / Q000032:analysis; D012085:Chymosin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D031943:Cynara scolymus / Q000737:chemistry*; D035264:Flowers; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*
D002364:Caseins; D010936:Plant Extracts; C025350:rennet; D016282:Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases; D012085:Chymosin
Cardosin; Casein hydrolysis; Milk coagulation; Peptide-mass fingerprinting