Brain communication in a completely locked-in patient using bedside near-infrared spectroscopy.
From the Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology (G.G.-A., A.F., K.T., C.A.R., N.B.) and Graduate School of Neural and Behavioural Sciences (G.G.-A.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral (ESPOL) (G.G.-A.), Ecuador; National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities (K.T.), Tokorozawa, Japan; Central Institute of Mental Health (H.F.), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; and Ospedale San Camillo (N.B.), IRCCS, Venezia, Italy.
Guillermo
G
Gallegos-Ayala
From the Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology (G.G.-A., A.F., K.T., C.A.R., N.B.) and Graduate School of Neural and Behavioural Sciences (G.G.-A.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral (ESPOL) (G.G.-A.), Ecuador; National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities (K.T.), Tokorozawa, Japan; Central Institute of Mental Health (H.F.), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; and Ospedale San Camillo (N.B.), IRCCS, Venezia, Italy.
Adrian
A
Furdea
From the Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology (G.G.-A., A.F., K.T., C.A.R., N.B.) and Graduate School of Neural and Behavioural Sciences (G.G.-A.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral (ESPOL) (G.G.-A.), Ecuador; National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities (K.T.), Tokorozawa, Japan; Central Institute of Mental Health (H.F.), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; and Ospedale San Camillo (N.B.), IRCCS, Venezia, Italy.
Kouji
K
Takano
From the Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology (G.G.-A., A.F., K.T., C.A.R., N.B.) and Graduate School of Neural and Behavioural Sciences (G.G.-A.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral (ESPOL) (G.G.-A.), Ecuador; National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities (K.T.), Tokorozawa, Japan; Central Institute of Mental Health (H.F.), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; and Ospedale San Camillo (N.B.), IRCCS, Venezia, Italy.
Carolin A
CA
Ruf
From the Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology (G.G.-A., A.F., K.T., C.A.R., N.B.) and Graduate School of Neural and Behavioural Sciences (G.G.-A.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral (ESPOL) (G.G.-A.), Ecuador; National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities (K.T.), Tokorozawa, Japan; Central Institute of Mental Health (H.F.), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; and Ospedale San Camillo (N.B.), IRCCS, Venezia, Italy.
Herta
H
Flor
From the Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology (G.G.-A., A.F., K.T., C.A.R., N.B.) and Graduate School of Neural and Behavioural Sciences (G.G.-A.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral (ESPOL) (G.G.-A.), Ecuador; National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities (K.T.), Tokorozawa, Japan; Central Institute of Mental Health (H.F.), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; and Ospedale San Camillo (N.B.), IRCCS, Venezia, Italy. niels.birbaumer@uni-tuebingen.de.
Niels
N
Birbaumer
D000368:Aged; D000690:Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis / Q000150:complications; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D062207:Brain-Computer Interfaces; D003142:Communication; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011782:Quadriplegia / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared