Biomarkers for sepsis: a review with special attention to India.
Sepsis is a serious infection and still a common cause of morbidity and mortality in resource-limited settings such as India. Even when microbiologic diagnostics are available, bacteremia is only identified in a proportion of patients who present with sepsis and bloodstream infections. Biomarkers have been used in a variety of disease processes and can help aid in diagnosing bacterial infections. There have been numerous biomarkers investigated to aid with diagnosis and prognostication in sepsis with the majority suffering from lack of sensitivity or specificity. Procalcitonin has been heralded as the biomarker that holds the most promise for bloodstream infections. Data are emerging in India, and in this review, we focus on the current data of biomarkers in sepsis with particular attention to how biomarkers could be used to augment diagnosis and treatment in India.
Division of Infectious Diseases, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1830 East Monument Street Suite 450B, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
George E
GE
Nelson
Division of Infectious Diseases, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1830 East Monument Street Suite 450B, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA ; BJMC Clinical Trials Unit, BJ Medical College and Sassoon General Hospitals, Jai Prakash Narayan Road, Pune 411 001, India.
Vidya
0000-0001-8509-4517
V
Mave
Division of Infectious Diseases, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1830 East Monument Street Suite 450B, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA ; Center for Clinical Global Health Education, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
Amita
A
Gupta
D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D002116:Calcitonin / Q000097:blood*; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000097:blood; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000097:blood*; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000097:blood; D018805:Sepsis / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D000073871:Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-1
D015415:Biomarkers; C000606589:CALCA protein, human; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011498:Protein Precursors; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; C408842:TREM1 protein, human; D000073871:Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-1; D002116:Calcitonin; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide