Source contributions and spatiotemporal characteristics of PAHs in sediments: Using three-way source apportionment approach.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) were measured in sediments from 29 sites throughout Taihu Lake in China during 2 seasons to investigate spatiotemporal characteristics and source contributions using a 3-way source apportionment approach to positive matrix factorization (PMF3). Seasonal and spatial variations of levels and toxicity suggested higher individual carcinogenic PAH concentrations and toxic equivalent quantity (TEQ) in the flooding season. Three-way PAHs dataset (PAH species, spatial variability, and seasonal variability) was analyzed by PMF3, and its results were compared with a widely used 2-way model (PMF2). Consistent results were observed: vehicular emission was the most important contributor (67.08% by PMF2 and 61.83% by PMF3 for the flooding season; 54.21% by PMF2 and 52.94% by PMF3 for dry season), followed by coal combustion and wood combustion in both seasons. The PMF-cluster analysis was employed to investigate spatial variability of source contributions. Findings can introduce the 3-way approach to apportion sources of PAHs and other persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in sediments, offering the advantage of accounting for information on 3-way datasets.
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
Ying-Ze
YZ
Tian
Guo-Liang
GL
Shi
Gui-Rong
GR
Liu
Chang-Sheng
CS
Guo
Xing
X
Peng
Jian
J
Xu
Yuan
Y
Zhang
Yin-Chang
YC
Feng
D002681:China; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003031:Coal / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry*; D060106:Lakes / Q000737:chemistry; D015233:Models, Statistical; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D012621:Seasons; D062211:Spatio-Temporal Analysis; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000032:analysis
D003031:Coal; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D001335:Vehicle Emissions
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs); Positive matrix factorization; Sediment; Source