Overview of pleiotropic effects of platelet P2Y12 receptor inhibitors.
Dual antiplatelet therapy consisting of one of the P2Y12 receptor inhibitors in conjunction with aspirin is the mainstay of treatment for patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) and those undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). In recent years, multiple extra-platelet features of P2Y12 receptor antagonists have been reported in numerous clinical trials. The aim of this review is to summarise reported pleiotropic effects of clopidogrel, prasugrel, ticagrelor and other P2Y12 receptor blockers. We included observations made both in human and in animal models, together with proposed mechanisms of action for described features. If confirmed in randomised studies and properly applied to everyday practice, the observed extra-platelet actions could enable us to improve efficacy of ACS and post-PCI treatment, as well as to confine mortality and occurrence rate of cardiovascular events.
Piotr Adamski, MD, Department of Principles of Clinical Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 9 Sklodowskiej-Curie Street, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland, Tel.: +48 52 5854023, Fax: +48 52 5854024, E-mail: piotr.adamski@wp.eu.
P
P
Adamski
M
M
Koziński
M
M
Ostrowska
T
T
Fabiszak
E P
EP
Navarese
P
P
Paciorek
G
G
Grześk
J
J
Kubica
D000241:Adenosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000249:Adenosine Monophosphate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006801:Humans; D056687:Off-Label Use; D010879:Piperazines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000068799:Prasugrel Hydrochloride; D058921:Purinergic P2Y Receptor Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077486:Ticagrelor; D013988:Ticlopidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D010879:Piperazines; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D058921:Purinergic P2Y Receptor Antagonists; D013876:Thiophenes; D000249:Adenosine Monophosphate; C117446:cangrelor; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D000068799:Prasugrel Hydrochloride; D000077486:Ticagrelor; D000241:Adenosine; D013988:Ticlopidine
Clopidogrel; P2Y12 receptor; off-target effect; prasugrel; ticagrelor