Empirical assessment of the detection efficiency of CR-39 at high proton fluence and a compact, proton detector for high-fluence applications.
CR-39 solid-state nuclear track detectors are widely used in physics and in many inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments, and under ideal conditions these detectors have 100% detection efficiency for ∼0.5-8 MeV protons. When the fluence of incident particles becomes too high, overlap of particle tracks leads to under-counting at typical processing conditions (5 h etch in 6N NaOH at 80 °C). Short etch times required to avoid overlap can cause under-counting as well, as tracks are not fully developed. Experiments have determined the minimum etch times for 100% detection of 1.7-4.3-MeV protons and established that for 2.4-MeV protons, relevant for detection of DD protons, the maximum fluence that can be detected using normal processing techniques is ≲3 × 10(6) cm(-2). A CR-39-based proton detector has been developed to mitigate issues related to high particle fluences on ICF facilities. Using a pinhole and scattering foil several mm in front of the CR-39, proton fluences at the CR-39 are reduced by more than a factor of ∼50, increasing the operating yield upper limit by a comparable amount.
Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
M J
MJ
Rosenberg
Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
F H
FH
Séguin
Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
C J
CJ
Waugh
Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
H G
HG
Rinderknecht
Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
D
D
Orozco
Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
J A
JA
Frenje
Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
M Gatu
MG
Johnson
Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
H
H
Sio
Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
A B
AB
Zylstra
Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
N
N
Sinenian
Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
C K
CK
Li
Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
R D
RD
Petrasso
Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA.
V Yu
VY
Glebov
Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA.
C
C
Stoeckl
Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA.
M
M
Hohenberger
Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA.
T C
TC
Sangster
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA.
S
S
LePape
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA.
A J
AJ
Mackinnon
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA.
R M
RM
Bionta
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA.
O L
OL
Landen
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA.
R A
RA
Zacharias
Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.
Y
Y
Kim
Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.
H W
HW
Herrmann
General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA.
J D
JD
Kilkenny