Apolipoprotein Gene Polymorphisms (APOB, APOC111, APOE) in the Development of Coronary Heart Disease in Ethnic Groups of Kazakhstan.
BACKGROUND
Previous Analysis of polymorphism of genes associated with the development of coronary heart disease (CHD) reveals that the frequency distribution of genotypes and alleles depends on the ethnic characteristics of the populations under study. Further impetus is derived from the well -established links between alcoholism (high prevalence in Kazakhstan region) and cardiovascular disorders.


OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to examine a number of apolipoprotein gene polymorphisms and correlate these alleles with changes of lipid profile in CHD patients of Kazakh and Uyghur nationalities.


METHODS
Four-Hundred Forty Eight (448) males of Kazakh and Uyghur nationalities residing in Kazakhstan were evaluated and genotyped. The age range of these subjects was 30-55 years which included both afflicted and controls. Specifically, 161- Kazakhs suffered from myocardial infarction compared to 112 health controls; 80- Uyghurs suffered from CHD compared to 95 health controls. Blood lipid profiles were examined in the total cohort. Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using oligonucleotide primers identifying; ApoB; ApoC111; and APOE gene polymorphisms.


RESULTS
Initial screening revealed a significant inter-ethnic difference on the frequency of alleles associated with both the ApoB and APOE genes. We found that the X1 ApoB gene polymorphism is overrepresented in healthy Kazakhs relative to Uyghurs [86.4% in Kazakhs vs. 69.4% in Uyghurs]. Moreover, we found that the E4APOE allele was also overrepresented in healthy Kazakhs relative to Uyghurs [16.8% in Kazakhs vs. 9.5% in Uyghurs]. There was a significant relationship of polymorphisms of APOE such as ApoB and ApoC 111 with the value of lipid indices in Kazakhs. Additionally, we found that the E4 allele of the APOE gene also correlated with the value of lipid indices in Kazakhs. Further evaluation showed that the X2 allele of the ApoB and the S2 allele of the ApoCIII gene significantly associated with the lipid indices of Uyghurs.


CONCLUSIONS
This systematic investigation confirms the association of various alleles of Apolipoprotein gene polymorphisms and contribution to aberrant lipid metabolism. Putatively at least in our population we are proposing that certain gene polymorphisms of Apolipoprotein genes such as ApoB; ApoC111; APOE ; X2 of ApoB; and S2 of ApoCIII differentially represented in either Kazakhs or Uyghurs are genetic markers of hypertriglyceridemia.
Scientific Research Institute of Cardiology and Internal Diseases, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
S
S
Berkinbayev
Scientific Research Institute of Cardiology and Internal Diseases, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
M
M
Rysuly
Kazakh National Medical University named after S.D. Asfendiyarov, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
A
A
Mussayev
Department of Psychiatry and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, Fl., USA ; Dominion Diagnostics, LLC., North Kingstown, Rhode Island, USA.
K
K
Blum
Scientific Research Institute of Cardiology and Internal Diseases, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
N
N
Baitasova
Scientific Research Institute of Cardiology and Internal Diseases, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
A
A
Mussagaliyeva
Scientific Research Institute of Cardiology and Internal Diseases, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
G
G
Dzhunusbekova
Department of Physiology KazNAU, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
B
B
Makhatov
National Research Cardiac Surgery Center, Department of interventional cardiology, Astana, Kazakhstan.
Aa
A
Mussayev
Kazakh National Medical University named after S.D. Asfendiyarov, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
A
A
Yeshmanova
Department of Physiology KazNAU, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
R
R
Lesbekova
Scientific Research Institute of Cardiology and Internal Diseases, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
Y
Y
Marchuk
Kazakh National Medical University named after S.D. Asfendiyarov, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
R
R
Azhibekova
Department of Psychiatry Anatomy and Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine and Veterans Administration System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
M
M
Oscar-Berman
Kazakh National Medical University named after S.D. Asfendiyarov, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
M
M
Kulmaganbetov
Coronary Heart Disease (CHD; Apolipoprotein Gene Polymorphisms (APOB, APOC111, APOE); Hypertriglyceridemia; Kazakhs or Uyghurs; Molecular Genetics