Alcohol use trajectories among non-treatment-seeking heavy drinkers.
OBJECTIVE
Heavy drinking, often defined as more than five drinks per occasion, is a major public health problem worldwide, yet most individuals who drink heavily never receive treatment. Focusing on those who receive treatment, numerous studies have found that alcohol use following treatment is discontinuous, with periods of abstinence alternating with periods of heavy drinking. In contrast, little is known about changes in alcohol use among the majority of individuals who engage in heavy drinking and never receive treatment. The goal of this study was to examine changes in alcohol consumption (proportion of heavy drinking days) in a sample of non-treatment-seeking heavy drinkers (n = 151).


METHODS
The current study focused on three quantitative models--latent growth curve, latent growth mixture, and latent Markov models--to examine changes in the frequency of heavy drinking days (i.e., ≥ 5/4 drinks per day for men/women) among a sample of heavy drinkers who did not receive any form of treatment or self-help over a 2-year period.


RESULTS
Participants significantly reduced their frequency of heavy drinking over a 2-year period, and changes in drinking did not show the discontinuity in trajectories often observed in treatment samples. Alcohol use disorder diagnosis predicted higher initial levels of frequent heavy drinking but did not predict changes in the frequency of heavy drinking over time.


CONCLUSIONS
Most individuals, with or without an alcohol use disorder, reported significant reductions in heavy drinking frequency over time. These results have important implications for a public health approach to the problem of heavy drinking.
Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
Katie
K
Witkiewitz
Research Institute on Addictions, The State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York.
Ronda L
RL
Dearing
Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York.
Stephen A
SA
Maisto
D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology / Q000639:trends*; D000435:Alcoholic Intoxication / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008390:Markov Chains; D008875:Middle Aged; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult