Factors associated with non-adherence to insulin in patients with type 1 diabetes.
OBJECTIVE
To find out the various factors associated with non-adherence to diet, physical activity and insulin among patients with type 1 diabetes. (T1DM).


METHODS
This cross sectional study was conducted among T1DM subjects attending the Baqai Institute of Diabetology & Endocrinology (BIDE) and Diabetic Association of Pakistan (DAP), from July 2011 to June 2012.Clinical characteristics, anthropometric measurements, knowledge regarding type 1 diabetes along with adherence to dietary advice, physical activity and insulin were noted on a predesigned questionnaire and score was assigned to each question. Patients were categorized as adherent or non-adherent on the basis of scores obtained. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for windows version 17.0 was used to analyze the data.


RESULTS
A total of 194 patients (Male 94, Female 100), with mean age of 17.9± 6.4 years, mean duration of diabetes 5.37±4.96 years (38.1% >5 yrs, 61.9% <5 yrs) were included in the study. One hundred and fourteen (58.5%) patients were non adherent to dietary advice, 82(42.3%) non adherent to physical activity while 88.1% respondents were non adherent to their prescribed insulin regimen. Factors associated with non-compliance were family type, occupation & educational level of respondent's parents, duration of T1DM, family history of diabetes, frequency of visits to diabetic clinic, knowledge regarding diabetes, lack of family support and fear of hypoglycemia.


CONCLUSIONS
Non adherence to prescribed treatment regimen in patient with TIDM is quite high. There is need to design strategies to help patients and their family members understand their treatment regimen in order to improve their adherence.
Musarrat Riaz, FCPS, Consultant Physician, Department of Medicine, Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Baqai Medical University. Plot No. 1-2, II-B, Nazimabad No2, Karachi-74600, Pakistan.
Musarrat
M
Riaz
Abdul Basit, FRCP, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Baqai Medical University. Plot No. 1-2, II-B, Nazimabad No2, Karachi-74600, Pakistan.
Abdul
A
Basit
Asher Fawwad, M.Phil, Assistant Professor, Research Department, Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Baqai Medical University. Plot No. 1-2, II-B, Nazimabad No2, Karachi-74600, Pakistan.
Asher
A
Fawwad
Muhammad Yakoob Ahmedani, FCPS, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Baqai Medical University. Plot No. 1-2, II-B, Nazimabad No2, Karachi-74600, Pakistan.
Muhammad
M
Yakoob Ahmedani
Zahara Ali Rizvi, MPhil (Student), Dept of Health Education & Health Promotion, BIHS, Mirpur, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Zahara
Z
Ali Rizvi
Non-adherence; Patients with type 1 diabetes