Development and evaluation of the evidence-based medicine program in surgery: a spiral approach.
BACKGROUND
Evidence-based medicine (EBM) aims to provide skills that help physicians answer clinically important questions, determine new evidence, and incorporate the acquired knowledge in practice. EBM skills are necessary for the practice of modern medicine, since physicians should use up-to-date knowledge and information to justify their medical decisions.


OBJECTIVE
We aimed to evaluate the EBM program implemented at Hacettepe University School of Medicine.


METHODS
In 2004, a spiral program for the teaching and practice of EBM was developed for the first 3 years of medical school. Following this program, a practice of EBM was included in the fourth year during the surgery clerkship, after an introductory lecture. The students worked within collaborative teams of 3-5 and practiced EBM with actual cases seen in the surgical service in which they were involved. Each student was asked to complete a questionnaire that evaluated the more theoretical program from the first 3 years and the practical application in the fourth year.


RESULTS
Nearly half of the students stated that the preclinical years of the EBM program were 'adequate', but only 30% of the students indicated that the program was practical. They stated that 'more practical approaches were used in the fourth year, whereas more theory-based approaches were used during the preclinical years'. More than 75% of the students declared that the practice of EBM in the fourth year was useful and appropriate for team-based learning.


CONCLUSIONS
The EBM program was evaluated as 'adequate'. EBM courses should be included in the entire curriculum in an integrated manner. The students understand the main philosophy of EBM in the clinical year when involved in its practical application with actual patients.
Department of Medical Education and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
Melih
M
Elçin
Department of Medical Education and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey; sturan@hacettepe.edu.tr.
Sevgi
S
Turan
Department of Medical Education and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
Orhan
O
Odabaşı
Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
Iskender
I
Sayek
D003479:Curriculum; D004504:Education, Medical, Undergraduate / Q000458:organization & administration*; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine / Q000193:education*; D006801:Humans; D010465:Perception; D013337:Students, Medical
evidence-based medicine; medical education; spiral curriculum