Circadian clock circuitry in colorectal cancer.
Colorectal cancer is the most prevalent among digestive system cancers. Carcinogenesis relies on disrupted control of cellular processes, such as metabolism, proliferation, DNA damage recognition and repair, and apoptosis. Cell, tissue, organ and body physiology is characterized by periodic fluctuations driven by biological clocks operating through the clock gene machinery. Dysfunction of molecular clockworks and cellular oscillators is involved in tumorigenesis, and altered expression of clock genes has been found in cancer patients. Epidemiological studies have shown that circadian disruption, that is, alteration of bodily temporal organization, is a cancer risk factor, and an increased incidence of colorectal neoplastic disease is reported in shift workers. In this review we describe the involvement of the circadian clock circuitry in colorectal carcinogenesis and the therapeutic strategies addressing temporal deregulation in colorectal cancer.
Gianluigi Mazzoccoli, Manlio Vinciguerra, Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Unit, IRCCS Scientific Institute and Regional General Hospital "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo Foggia, Italy.
Gianluigi
G
Mazzoccoli
Gianluigi Mazzoccoli, Manlio Vinciguerra, Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Unit, IRCCS Scientific Institute and Regional General Hospital "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo Foggia, Italy.
Manlio
M
Vinciguerra
Gianluigi Mazzoccoli, Manlio Vinciguerra, Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Unit, IRCCS Scientific Institute and Regional General Hospital "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo Foggia, Italy.
Gennaro
G
Papa
Gianluigi Mazzoccoli, Manlio Vinciguerra, Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Unit, IRCCS Scientific Institute and Regional General Hospital "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo Foggia, Italy.
Ada
A
Piepoli
D000818:Animals; D063646:Carcinogenesis; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics; D057906:Circadian Clocks; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D004249:DNA Damage; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009991:Oscillometry; D010641:Phenotype; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors
Circadian rhythm; Clock gene; Colorectal cancer