Acanthosis nigricans in obese Chinese children.
OBJECTIVES. To investigate the demographic characteristics and insulin resistance in local overweight/obese Chinese children with and without acanthosis nigricans, and the associations of acanthosis nigricans with insulin resistance and other cardiometabolic co-morbidities. DESIGN. Case series with cross-sectional analyses. SETTING. A regional hospital in Hong Kong. PATIENTS. Chinese children assessed between January 2006 and December 2010 at Tseung Kwan O Hospital for being overweight or obese. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES. The demographics, anthropometric data, acanthosis nigricans status, and biochemical results were analysed. RESULTS. A total of 543 overweight/obese children were studied with 64% being boys and 29% had insulin resistance. Adolescents aged 12 to 18 years, compared with children aged 5 to 11 years, were more likely to have acanthosis nigricans (63% vs 47%; P<0.001) and insulin resistance (37% vs 25%; P=0.005). Compared with overweight children, those who were obese were more likely to have the two conditions: acanthosis nigricans (59% vs 44%; P=0.005) and insulin resistance (35% vs 19%; P=0.001). Compared with those without acanthosis nigricans, those with the condition had significantly higher mean values for systolic blood pressures (P<0.001), 2-hour post-oral glucose tolerance test glucose level (P=0.021), fasting insulin level (P<0.001), homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance (P<0.001), fasting triglyceride level (P<0.001), and alanine aminotransferase level (P=0.002), but a lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level (P<0.001). Those with acanthosis nigricans were also more likely to have insulin resistance (P<0.001), hypertension (P=0.021), fatty liver (P=0.001), and abnormal glucose homeostasis (P=0.003). CONCLUSION. Obese Chinese children and adolescents with acanthosis nigricans had a higher chance of having insulin resistance and cardiometabolic co-morbidities. Acanthosis nigricans is an important clinical feature warranting early attention and evaluation to facilitate timely interventions and monitoring.
Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tseung Kwan O Hospital, Tseung Kwan O, Hong Kong.
H Y
HY
Ng
Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tseung Kwan O Hospital, Tseung Kwan O, Hong Kong.
Jack H M
JH
Young
Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tseung Kwan O Hospital, Tseung Kwan O, Hong Kong.
K F
KF
Huen
Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tseung Kwan O Hospital, Tseung Kwan O, Hong Kong.
Louis T W
LT
Chan
D000052:Acanthosis Nigricans / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D000293:Adolescent; D044466:Asian People; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006723:Hong Kong / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D050177:Overweight / Q000150:complications*; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000150:complications*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
Acanthosis nigricans; Child; Obesity