The epidemiology of bacteriuria and candiduria in critically ill patients.
An observational study was conducted to describe the epidemiology of bacteriuria and candiduria in the intensive care unit (ICU), and the occurrence of blood stream infection (BSI) associated with ICU-acquired positive urine culture. Between 2006 and 2011, 444 episodes of either bacteriuria or candiduria defined by positive urine culture (microorganisms ⩾105 c.f.u./ml) occurred in 406 patients. Three hundred and seventy-seven (85%) were hospital-acquired including 221 which were ICU-acquired (6·4 ± 0·8 episodes/1000 ICU days). Escherichia coli was the most common bacteria of both community- and ICU-acquired bacteriuria/candiduria (49·2% and 29%, respectively). Candida spp. represented 55% (129/236) of pathogens responsible for ICU-acquired positive urine cultures. Patients with ICU-acquired candiduria had greater illness severity at ICU admission than those with ICU-acquired bacteriuria (APACHE III score 79 ± 25 vs. 66 ± 31, P = 0·0015). BSI associated with ICU-acquired positive urine culture occurred in 0·15/1000 ICU days and was more often due to Candida. In this study, Candida was the most common pathogen responsible for ICU-acquired positive urine cultures and illness severity was a risk factor for candiduria in the study population.
The Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine,Monash University,Melbourne, Victoria,Australia.
C
C
Aubron
The Department of Intensive Care Unit,The Austin Hospital,Heidelberg, Victoria, Melbourne,Australia.
S
S
Suzuki
The Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine,Monash University,Melbourne, Victoria,Australia.
N J
NJ
Glassford
The Department of Intensive Care Unit,The Austin Hospital,Heidelberg, Victoria, Melbourne,Australia.
M
M
Garcia-Alvarez
The Microbiology Service,The Austin Hospital,Heidelberg, Victoria, Melbourne,Australia.
B P
BP
Howden
The Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine,Monash University,Melbourne, Victoria,Australia.
R
R
Bellomo
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002175:Candida / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D058387:Candidemia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D016638:Critical Illness; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D014556:Urine / Q000382:microbiology*; D055815:Young Adult
Bacteriuria; candiduria; critically ill patients; positive urine culture; urinary tract infections