Dopant-assisted atmospheric pressure photoionization of patulin in apple juice and apple-based food with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
A dopant-assisted atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed to determine patulin in apple juice and apple-based food. Different dopants, dopant flow rates, and LC separation conditions were evaluated. Using toluene as the dopant, the LC-APPI-MS/MS method achieved a linear calibration from 12.5 to 2000 μg/L (r(2) > 0.99). Matrix-dependent limits of quantitation (LOQs) were from 8 μg/L (solvent) to 12 μg/L (apple juice). [(13)C]-Patulin-fortified apple juice samples were directly analyzed by the LC-APPI-MS/MS method. Other apple-based food was fortified with [(13)C]-patulin, diluted using water (1% formic acid), centrifuged, and filtered, followed by LC-APPI-MS/MS analysis. In clear apple juice, unfiltered apple cider, applesauce, and apple-based baby food, average recoveries were 101 ± 6% (50 μg/kg), 103 ± 5% (250 μg/kg), and 102 ± 5% (1000 μg/kg) (av ± SD, n = 16). Using the suggested method, patulin was detected in 3 of 30 collected market samples with concentrations ranging from <LOQ to 18 μg/L. The use of [(13)C]-patulin allowed quantitation using solvent calibration standards with satisfactory precision and accuracy.
Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Regulatory Science, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, HFS-706, 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States.
Kai
K
Zhang
Jon W
JW
Wong
Huy
H
Mai
Mary W
MW
Trucksess
D001628:Beverages / Q000032:analysis*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D027845:Malus / Q000737:chemistry*; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000032:analysis*; D010365:Patulin / Q000032:analysis*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*
D009183:Mycotoxins; D010365:Patulin
APPI; LC-MS/MS; apple juice; dopant-assisted; patulin; stable isotope dilution