Autoantibodies to posttranslational modifications in rheumatoid arthritis.
Autoantibodies have been associated with human pathologies for a long time, particularly with autoimmune diseases (AIDs). Rheumatoid factor (RF) is known since the late 1930s to be associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The discovery of anticitrullinated protein antibodies in the last century has changed this and other posttranslational modifications (PTM) relevant to RA have since been described. Such PTM introduce neoepitopes in proteins that can generate novel autoantibody specificities. The recent recognition of these novel specificities in RA provides a unique opportunity to understand human B-cell development in vivo. In this paper, we will review the three of the main classes of PTMs already associated with RA: citrullination, carbamylation, and oxidation. With the advancement of research methodologies it should be expected that other autoantibodies against PTM proteins could be discovered in patients with autoimmune diseases. Many of such autoantibodies may provide significant biomarker potential.
Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Disease, University of Leeds and NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds Trust Teaching Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK.
Agata N
AN
Burska
Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Disease, University of Leeds and NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds Trust Teaching Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK.
Laura
L
Hunt
Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK.
Marjorie
0000-0002-5241-2520
M
Boissinot
Centre for Biochemical Pharmacology Research Unit, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London, Queen Mary's School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
Rocky
R
Strollo
Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Le Gros Clark Building, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK.
Brent J
BJ
Ryan
Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Disease, University of Leeds and NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds Trust Teaching Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK.
Ed
E
Vital
Centre for Biochemical Pharmacology Research Unit, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London, Queen Mary's School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
Ahuva
A
Nissim
University of Exeter Medical School, St. Luke's Campus, Exeter, Devon EX1 2LU, UK.
Paul G
PG
Winyard
Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Disease, University of Leeds and NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds Trust Teaching Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK.
Paul
P
Emery
Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Disease, University of Leeds and NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds Trust Teaching Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK.
Frederique
F
Ponchel
D000818:Animals; D000941:Antigens / Q000737:chemistry; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000276:immunology*; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002956:Citrulline / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
D000941:Antigens; D000975:Antioxidants; D001323:Autoantibodies; D015415:Biomarkers; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D002956:Citrulline; D010100:Oxygen