Endocardial focal activation originating from Purkinje fibers plays a role in the maintenance of long duration ventricular fibrillation.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the role of repetitive endocardial focal activations and Purkinje fibers in the maintenance of long duration ventricular fibrillation (LDVF, VF>1 minute) in canine hearts in vivo.


METHODS
The study was conducted in electrophysiological laboratory of Shanghai Ruijin hospital from July 2010 to August 2012. A 64-electrode basket was introduced through a carotid artery into the left ventricle (LV) of 11 beagle dogs for global endocardial electrical mapping. In the Lugol's solution group (n=5), the subendocardium was ablated by washing with Lugol's solution. In the control group, (n=6) saline was used for ablation. Before and after saline or Lugol ablation, we determined QRS duration and QT/QTc interval in sinus rhythm (SR). We also measured the activation rates in the first 2 seconds of each minute during 7 minutes of VF for each group. If VF terminated spontaneously in less than 7 minutes, the VF segments used in activation rate analysis were reduced accordingly.


RESULTS
At the beginning of VF there was no difference between the groups in the activation rate. However, after 1 minute of LDVF the Lugol's solution group had significantly slower activation rate than the control group. In the control group, all episodes of LDVF (6/6) were successfully sustained for 7 minutes, while in the Lugol's solution group 4/5 episodes of LDVF spontaneously terminated before 7 minutes (4.8±1.4 minutes) (P=0.015). In the control group, at 5.1±1.3 minutes of LDVF, a successive, highly organized focal LV endocardial activation pattern was observed. During this period, activations partly arose in PF and spread to the working ventricular myocardium. Mapping analysis showed that these events were consistent with repetitive endocardial focal activations. No evidence of similar focal activations was observed in the Lugol's solution group.


CONCLUSIONS
Repetitive endocardial focal activations in the LV endocardium may be associated with activation of subendocardial PFs. This mechanism may play an important role in the maintenance of LDVF.
Changjian
C
Lin
Qi
Q
Jin
Ning
N
Zhang
Jian
J
Zhou
Yang
Y
Pang
Yangxun
Y
Xin
Shaohua
S
Liu
Qiong
Q
Wu
Liqun Wu, Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.197, Shanghai Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, P.R. China, 200025, wuliqun89@yahoo.com.cn.
Liqun
L
Wu
D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs; D004554:Electric Countershock; D004699:Endocardium / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007454:Iodides; D008297:Male; D011690:Purkinje Fibers / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014693:Ventricular Fibrillation / Q000503:physiopathology*
D007454:Iodides; C010389:Lugol's solution