Pre-selecting resistance against individual Bti Cry toxins facilitates the development of resistance to the Bti toxins cocktail.
The bioinsecticide Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis is a larvicide used worldwide for mosquito control, which contains three Cry toxins and one Cyt toxin. We investigated for the first time in Aedes aegypti (1) the evolution of resistance and cross-resistance of strains selected with each Cry toxin, and (2) the effect of pre-selection with Cry toxin on the evolution of resistance to a mix of Bti toxins. Cross resistance was higher between Cry4Ba and Cry11Aa than between Cry4Aa and either Cry4Ba or Cry11Aa, suggesting both common and specific mechanisms of resistance. Pre-selecting resistance to each Cry toxins facilitated the development of resistance to the full Bti toxins cocktail.
Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, CNRS-UMR 5553, Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble cedex 09, France. Electronic address: renaud.stalinski@gmail.com.
Renaud
R
Stalinski
Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, CNRS-UMR 5553, Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble cedex 09, France; Department of Entomology, Cornell University, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, NY 14456, USA. Electronic address: guillaume.tetreau@gmail.com.
Guillaume
G
Tetreau
Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, CNRS-UMR 5553, Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble cedex 09, France. Electronic address: thierry.gaude@ujf-grenoble.fr.
Thierry
T
Gaude
Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, CNRS-UMR 5553, Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble cedex 09, France. Electronic address: laurence.despres@ujf-grenoble.fr.
Laurence
L
Després
D000330:Aedes / Q000382:microbiology*; D000818:Animals; D000083722:Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000633:toxicity*; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000633:toxicity*; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins / Q000633:toxicity*; D007305:Insecticide Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D009032:Mosquito Control / Q000379:methods*; D010572:Pest Control, Biological / Q000379:methods*
D000083722:Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004731:Endotoxins; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; C030956:insecticidal crystal protein, Bacillus Thuringiensis
Aedes aegypti; Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis; Bioassay; Resistance