Frontal sinus and naso-orbital-ethmoid fractures.
OBJECTIVE
Frontal sinus and naso-orbital-ethmoid (NOE) fractures are among the most challenging injuries in the treatment of maxillofacial trauma.


OBJECTIVE
To summarize the current knowledge regarding frontal sinus and NOE fractures and to present some of the more recent, evidence-based literature to support current treatment recommendations.


METHODS
A PubMed search of articles from 1990 through 2013 was performed. Search terms included frontal sinus fracture, NOE fracture, naso-orbito-ethmoid fracture, naso-ethmoid-orbital fracture, and nasoethmoid fracture.


RESULTS
Advances in sophisticated imaging and evolution in minimally invasive surgical techniques are introducing more conservative options that may provide better patient outcomes while minimizing the risks and morbidity associated with more traditional treatment approaches.


CONCLUSIONS
The treatment of frontal sinus and NOE fractures is challenging, given the complex anatomy and associated pattern of injuries. Traditional treatment paradigms are evolving and support the role of more conservative treatment algorithms in selected patients.
Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee.
Sachin S
SS
Pawar
Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee.
John S
JS
Rhee
D005004:Ethmoid Bone / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D005592:Fracture Fixation / Q000379:methods*; D005626:Frontal Sinus / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D009295:Nasal Bone / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D009917:Orbital Fractures / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D012887:Skull Fractures / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*