Bladder function development and its urodynamic evaluation in neonates and infants less than 2 years old.
OBJECTIVE
To understand the function development of bladder and its evaluation in neonates and infants less than 2 years old.


METHODS
Literature on neonatal and infant bladder function development and urodynamic evaluation were collected and reviewed.


RESULTS
Normal range of bladder volume, pressure during voiding and other parameters in neonates and infants less than 2 years old is far from set up, making interpretation of UDS findings difficult. This review provides insight into the bladder development process and problems of the lower urinary tract in this age group with special emphasis on the urodynamic evaluation.


CONCLUSIONS
Further animal and human studies will increase our understanding of bladder development leading toward mature function. UDS are still important in providing information for early bladder dysfunction in newborns and infants.
Pediatric Urodynamic Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R., China.
Jian Guo
JG
Wen
Pediatric Urodynamic Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R., China.
Yu Tao
YT
Lu
Pediatric Urodynamic Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R., China.
Lin Gang
LG
Cui
Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
Wendy Fiona
WF
Bower
Department of Paediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark.
Soren
S
Rittig
Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Aarhus, Aarhus N, Denmark.
Jens Christian
JC
Djurhuus
D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D014521:Urethra / Q000294:innervation; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000196:embryology / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology*; D014554:Urination / Q000502:physiology; D014563:Urodynamics / Q000502:physiology*
bladder development; infant; urodynamic evaluation