Larval intraspecific competition for food in the European grapevine moth Lobesia botrana.
Effective pest management with lower amounts of pesticides relies on accurate prediction of insect pest growth rates. Knowledge of the factors governing this trait and the resulting fitness of individuals is thus necessary to refine predictions and make suitable decisions in crop protection. The European grapevine moth, Lobesia botrana, the major pest of grapes in Europe, is responsible for huge economic losses. Larvae very rarely leave the grape bunch on which they were oviposited and thus cannot avoid intraspecific competition. In this study, we determined the impact of intraspecific competition during the larval stage on development and adult fitness in this species. This was tested by rearing different numbers of larvae on an artificial diet and measuring developmental and reproductive life history traits. We found that intraspecific competition during larval development has a slight impact on the fitness of L. botrana. The principal finding of this work is that larval density has little effect on the life history traits of survivors. Thus, the timing of eclosion, duration of subsequent oviposition, fecundity appears to be more uniform in L. botrana than in other species. The main effect of larval crowding was a strong increase of larval mortality at high densities whereas the probability of emergence, sex ratio, pupal mass, fecundity and longevity of mated females were not affected by larval crowding. Owing to increased larval mortality at high larval densities, we hypothesized that mortality of larvae at high densities provided better access to food for the survivors with the result that more food was available per capita and there were no effect on fitness of survivors. From our results, larval crowding alters the reproductive capacity of this pest less than expected but this single factor should now be tested in interaction with limited resources in the wild.
INRA, ISVV, UMR 1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble,F-33883 Villenave d'Ornon,France.
D
D
Thiéry
INRA, ISVV, UMR 1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble,F-33883 Villenave d'Ornon,France.
K
K
Monceau
Université de Bourgogne, Equipe Ecologie-Evolution, UMR 6282 Biogéosciences,6 Bd Gabriel, F-21000 Dijon,France.
J
J
Moreau
D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D003163:Competitive Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D003441:Crowding; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D005298:Fertility / Q000502:physiology; D005602:France; D056084:Genetic Fitness / Q000502:physiology; D007814:Larva / Q000254:growth & development; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D009036:Moths / Q000502:physiology*; D010058:Oviposition / Q000502:physiology; D011156:Population Density; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013045:Species Specificity; D013997:Time Factors; D027843:Vitis / Q000469:parasitology*