Human innate lymphoid cells.
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are lymphoid cells that do not express rearranged receptors and have important effector and regulatory functions in innate immunity and tissue remodeling. ILCs are categorized into 3 groups based on their distinct patterns of cytokine production and the requirement of particular transcription factors for their development and function. Group 1 ILCs (ILC1s) produce interferon γ and depend on Tbet, group 2 ILCs (ILC2s) produce type 2 cytokines like interleukin-5 (IL-5) and IL-13 and require GATA3, and group 3 ILCs (ILC3s) include lymphoid tissue inducer cells, produce IL-17 and/or IL-22, and are dependent on RORγt. Whereas ILCs play essential roles in the innate immune system, uncontrolled activation and proliferation of ILCs can contribute to inflammatory autoimmune diseases. In this review, we provide an overview of the characteristics of ILCs in the context of health and disease. We will focus on human ILCs but refer to mouse studies if needed to clarify aspects of ILC biology.
Department of Hematology and.
Mette D
MD
Hazenberg
Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Hergen
H
Spits
D000818:Animals; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000502:physiology*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D057132:Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3 / Q000276:immunology
D057132:Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3; C539900:RORC protein, human