A systematic review on the efficacy and safety of transcatheter device closure of ventricular septal defects (VSD).
BACKGROUND
Advances in interventional techniques now allow for transcatheter treatment of some ventricular septal defects (VSD), although there remain concerns about adverse events. We performed a systematic review to look at outcomes and complications associated with transcatheter closure of VSD.


METHODS
A PubMed search for series in English on device closure of VSD from 2003 to June 2012 was performed. We excluded small series that were included in multicenter studies and patients who had acquired VSD following myocardial infarction. The random effects model was used to obtain pooled estimates of success and complications.


RESULTS
A total of 37 publications comprising 4,406 patients with VSD (perimembranous = 3,758, muscular = 419, intracristal = 47, doubly committed subarterial = 36, multiple = 16, postsurgical = 123, unclassified = 7) were included in this analysis. The age of patients ranged from 3 days to 84 years. The pooled estimate of successful device implantation was 96.6% (95% CI: 95.7-97.5). The most common complication is residual shunt (pooled estimated 25.5%; 95% CI: 18.9-32.1). Others included valvular defects (pooled estimate 4.9%; 95% CI: 3.4-6.4) and arrhythmias (pooled estimate 10.6%; 95% CI: 8.4-12.7).


CONCLUSIONS
Our analysis suggests that transcatheter device closure of VSD is safe and yields good results. The limitations of this study are difficulties in analyzing different devices individually, and segregating the different VSD types. Further stratification by type of VSD, age of patients, and prevention of complications is needed before this can be recommended for routine treatment.
Department of Paediatrics, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Linqi
L
Yang
Bee-Choo
BC
Tai
Lay Wai
LW
Khin
Swee Chye
SC
Quek
D000328:Adult; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006345:Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular / Q000145:classification / Q000601:surgery; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D055989:Septal Occluder Device; D016896:Treatment Outcome