The genetics of microdeletion and microduplication syndromes: an update.
Chromosomal abnormalities, including microdeletions and microduplications, have long been associated with abnormal developmental outcomes. Early discoveries relied on a common clinical presentation and the ability to detect chromosomal abnormalities by standard karyotype analysis or specific assays such as fluorescence in situ hybridization. Over the past decade, the development of novel genomic technologies has allowed more comprehensive, unbiased discovery of microdeletions and microduplications throughout the human genome. The ability to quickly interrogate large cohorts using chromosome microarrays and, more recently, next-generation sequencing has led to the rapid discovery of novel microdeletions and microduplications associated with disease, including very rare but clinically significant rearrangements. In addition, the observation that some microdeletions are associated with risk for several neurodevelopmental disorders contributes to our understanding of shared genetic susceptibility for such disorders. Here, we review current knowledge of microdeletion/duplication syndromes, with a particular focus on recurrent rearrangement syndromes.
Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029.|Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029.
Corey T
CT
Watson
Institut de Biologia Evolutiva, Universitat Pompeu Fabra/CSIC, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.|Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain.|Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico, 08023 Barcelona, Spain.
Tomas
T
Marques-Bonet
Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029.
Andrew J
AJ
Sharp
Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195.
Heather C
HC
Mefford
D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D002872:Chromosome Deletion; D058674:Chromosome Duplication / Q000235:genetics*; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D015894:Genome, Human; D006801:Humans; D007621:Karyotyping; D010641:Phenotype
copy-number variation; developmental delay; intellectual disability; microarray; nonallelic homologous recombination; recurrent rearrangement