Evaluation and management of atrioventricular block in children.
OBJECTIVE
Pediatric brady-dysrhythmias and conduction disorders are uncommon, but timely recognition and evaluation are critical. This review will highlight the key diagnostic and management steps for first, second, and third-degree atrioventricular heart block in pediatric patients.


RESULTS
There is a breadth of acquired and often reversible causes of atrioventricular block in childhood. Recent advances in diagnostics and pacing therapies have led to improved outcomes.


CONCLUSIONS
A thorough evaluation is required to determine when atrioventricular block requires treatment. In symptomatic or unstable patients, the management should focus on resuscitative measures, diagnostic testing, potential reversible causes, monitoring for progression, cardiac consultation and evaluating the need for definitive pacemaker placement.
Division of Emergency Medicine and Cardiology, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
Fareed
F
Saleh
Elizabeth A
EA
Greene
David
D
Mathison
D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D054537:Atrioventricular Block / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D053840:Brugada Syndrome; D000075224:Cardiac Conduction System Disease; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018450:Disease Progression; D004562:Electrocardiography; D004867:Equipment Design; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000002:abnormalities; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial; D011379:Prognosis; D012151:Resuscitation; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy