Biocompatible Fe3O4 increases the efficacy of amoxicillin delivery against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
This paper reports the synthesis and characterization of amoxicillin- functionalized magnetite nanostructures (Fe3O4@AMO), revealing and discussing several biomedical applications of these nanomaterials. Our results proved that 10 nm Fe3O4@AMO nanoparticles does not alter the normal cell cycle progression of cultured diploid cells, and an in vivo murine model confirms that the nanostructures disperse through the host body and tend to localize in particular sites and organs. The nanoparticles were found clustered especially in the lungs, kidneys and spleen, next to the blood vessels at this level, while being totally absent in the brain and liver, suggesting that they are circulated through the blood flow and have low toxicity. Fe3O4@AMO has the ability to be easily circulated through the body and optimizations may be done so these nanostructures cluster to a specific target region. Functionalized magnetite nanostructures proved a great antimicrobial effect, being active against both the Gram positive pathogen S. aureus and the Gram negative pathogen E. coli. The fabricated nanostructures significantly reduced the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the active drug. This result has a great practical relevance, since the functionalized nanostructures may be used for decreasing the therapeutic doses which usually manifest great severe side effects, when administrated in high doses. Fe3O4@AMO represents also a suitable approach for the development of new alternative strategies for improving the activity of therapeutic agents by targeted delivery and controlled release.
Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Politehnica University of Bucharest, Polizu Street no 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania. grumezescu@yahoo.com.
Alexandru Mihai
AM
Grumezescu
School of Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, SENESCYT 9 de Octubre N22-64 y Ramírez Dávalos - Casa Patrimonial, 170517 Quito, Ecuador. mcarges@gmail.com.
Monica Cartelle
MC
Gestal
Microbiology Immunology Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Aleea Portocalelor no 1-3, 060101 Bucharest, Romania. alina_m_h@yahoo.com.
Alina Maria
AM
Holban
Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Politehnica University of Bucharest, Polizu Street no 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania. valentina_grumezescu@yahoo.com.
Valentina
V
Grumezescu
Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Politehnica University of Bucharest, Polizu Street no 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania. bogdan.vasile@upb.ro.
Bogdan Stefan
BS
Vasile
Research Center for Microscopic Morphology and Immunology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareş Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania. editor@rjme.ro.
Laurențiu
L
Mogoantă
Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology of Romanian Academy, "Nicolae Simionescu", Department of Fetal and Adult Stem Cell Therapy, 8, B.P. Hasdeu, 050568 Bucharest, Romania. floriniordache84@yahoo.com.
Florin
F
Iordache
Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, 285 Mihai Bravu, 030304 Bucharest, Romania. c_bleotu@yahoo.com.
Coralia
C
Bleotu
Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareş Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania. george.mogosanu@umfcv.ro.
George Dan
GD
Mogoșanu
D000658:Amoxicillin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D051379:Mice; D010316:Particle Size; D013154:Spleen / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004337:Drug Carriers; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D000658:Amoxicillin; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide