High plasma homocysteine increases risk of metabolic syndrome in 6 to 8 year old children in rural Nepal.
Little attention has been given to the association of plasma homocysteine (Hcy) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in children. We have evaluated the risk of MetS with plasma Hcy in a cohort of 6 to 8 year old rural Nepalese children, born to mothers who had participated in an antenatal micronutrient supplementation trial. We assessed Hcy in plasma from a random selection of n = 1000 children and determined the relationship of elevated Hcy (>12.0 μmol/L) to MetS (defined as the presence of any three of the following: abdominal adiposity (waist circumference ≥ 85th percentile of the study population), high plasma glucose (≥ 85th percentile), high systolic or diastolic blood pressure (≥ 90th percentile of reference population), triglyceride ≥ 1.7 mmol/L and high density lipoprotein < 0.9 mmol/L.) and its components. There was an increased risk of low high-density lipoproteins (HDL), [odds ratios (OR) = 1.77, 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 1.08-2.88; p = 0.020], high blood pressure [OR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.10-2.46; p = 0.015] and high body mass index (BMI) [OR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.33-2.96; p = 0.001] with elevated Hcy. We observed an increased risk of MetS (OR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.06-2.90; p = 0.029) with elevated Hcy in age and gender-adjusted logistic regression models. High plasma Hcy is associated with increased risk of MetS and may have implications for chronic disease later in life.
Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. myakub1@jhu.edu.
Mohsin
M
Yakub
Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. kschulz1@jhu.edu.
Kerry J
KJ
Schulze
Nepal Nutrition Intervention Project-Sarlahi, Tripureswor, Kathmandu 45104, Nepal. skk@mos.com.np.
Subarna K
SK
Khatry
Program in International and Community Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. cpstewart@ucdavis.edu.
Christine P
CP
Stewart
Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. pchristi@jhsph.edu.
Parul
P
Christian
Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. kwest@jhsph.edu.
Keith P
KP
West
D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D020138:Hyperhomocysteinemia / Q000150:complications; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D009390:Nepal / Q000453:epidemiology; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000097:blood; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D055105:Waist Circumference
D015415:Biomarkers; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides; D006710:Homocysteine