Effect of aging on microRNAs and regulation of pathogen recognition receptors.
Immunosenescence is the multifactorial age-associated immune deteriorization that leads to increased susceptibility to infections and decreased responses to vaccines. Recent studies have shown a fundamental role for microRNAs (miRNAs) in regulating immune responses, and nearly all the miRNAs involved in immune regulation show modulation during aging. Aging-associated miRNAs are largely negative regulators of the immune innate response and target central nodes of aging-associated networks, in particular, NF-κB, the downstream effector of TLR signals that leads to induction of proinflammatory responses. Multiple miRNAs have been reported to share similar regulatory activity. Here we review miRNA regulation of human innate immune recognition in aging, including both activation and resolution of inflammation, critical issues in detection, and areas of active investigation into our understanding of immunosenescence.
Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Center of Clinical Pathology and Innovative Therapy, INRCA-IRCCS Italian National Institute, Ancona, Italy.
Fabiola
F
Olivieri
Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Center of Clinical Pathology and Innovative Therapy, INRCA-IRCCS Italian National Institute, Ancona, Italy.
Antonio Domenico
AD
Procopio
Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. Electronic address: ruth.montgomery@yale.edu.
Ruth R
RR
Montgomery
D056704:Adaptive Immunity; D000375:Aging; D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000276:immunology*
D035683:MicroRNAs; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic