Factors associated with anxiety and depression among type 2 diabetes outpatients in Malaysia: a descriptive cross-sectional single-centre study.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the prevalence and factors associated with anxiety and depression among type 2 diabetes outpatients in Malaysia.


METHODS
Descriptive, cross-sectional single-centre study with universal sampling of all patients with type 2 diabetes.


METHODS
Endocrinology clinic of medical outpatient department in a Malaysian public hospital.


METHODS
All 169 patients with type 2 diabetes (men, n=99; women, n=70) aged between 18 and 90 years who acquired follow-up treatment from the endocrinology clinic in the month of September 2013.


METHODS
The validated Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), sociodemographic characteristics and clinical health information from patient records.


RESULTS
Of the total 169 patients surveyed, anxiety and depression were found in 53 (31.4%) and 68 (40.3%), respectively. In multivariate analysis, age, ethnicity and ischaemic heart disease were significantly associated with anxiety, while age, ethnicity and monthly household income were significantly associated with depression.


CONCLUSIONS
Sociodemographics and clinical health factors were important correlates of anxiety and depression among patients with diabetes. Integrated psychological and medical care to boost self-determination and confidence in the management of diabetes would catalyse optimal health outcomes among patients with diabetes.
International Medical School, Management and Science University (MSU), Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
Kurubaran
K
Ganasegeran
Pukunan
P
Renganathan
Rizal Abdul
RA
Manaf
Sami Abdo Radman
SA
Al-Dubai
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008296:Malaysia / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult