Current applications of miniaturized chromatographic and electrophoretic techniques in drug analysis.
In the last decade, miniaturized separation techniques have become greatly popular in pharmaceutical analysis. Miniaturized separation methods are increasingly utilized in all processes of drug discovery as well as quality control of pharmaceutical preparation. The great advantages presented by the analytical miniaturized techniques, including high separation efficiency and resolution, rapid analysis and minimal consumption of reagents and samples, make them an attractive alternative to the conventional chromatographic methods for drug analysis. The purpose of this review is to give a general overview of the applicability of capillary electrophoresis (CE), capillary electrochromatography (CEC) and micro/capillary/nano-liquid chromatography (micro-LC/CLC/nano-LC) for the analysis of pharmaceutical formulations, active pharmaceutical ingredients (API), drug impurity testing, chiral drug separation, determination of drugs and metabolites in biological fluids. The results concerning the use of CEC, micro-LC, CLC, and nano-LC in the period 2009-2013, while for CE, those from 2012 up to the review draft are here summarized and some specific examples are discussed.
Institute of Chemical Methodologies, Italian National Council of Research, Area della Ricerca di Roma I, Via Salaria km 29, 300-00015 Monterotondo (Rome), Italy.
Zeineb
Z
Aturki
Institute of Chemical Methodologies, Italian National Council of Research, Area della Ricerca di Roma I, Via Salaria km 29, 300-00015 Monterotondo (Rome), Italy.
Anna
A
Rocco
Institute of Chemical Methodologies, Italian National Council of Research, Area della Ricerca di Roma I, Via Salaria km 29, 300-00015 Monterotondo (Rome), Italy.
Silvia
S
Rocchi
Institute of Chemical Methodologies, Italian National Council of Research, Area della Ricerca di Roma I, Via Salaria km 29, 300-00015 Monterotondo (Rome), Italy. Electronic address: salvatore.fanali@cnr.it.
Salvatore
S
Fanali
D053801:Capillary Electrochromatography / Q000379:methods; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D002845:Chromatography / Q000379:methods*; D004586:Electrophoresis / Q000379:methods*; D007202:Indicators and Reagents / Q000737:chemistry; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000737:chemistry*
D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations
Bioanalysis; Electromigration techniques; Miniaturized chromatographic techniques; Pharmaceutical analysis