Salvianolic acid B protects human endothelial progenitor cells against oxidative stress-mediated dysfunction by modulating Akt/mTOR/4EBP1, p38 MAPK/ATF2, and ERK1/2 signaling pathways.
The vascular endothelium is specifically sensitive to oxidative stress, and this is one of the mechanisms that causes widespread endothelial dysfunction in most cardiovascular diseases and disorders. Protection against reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated oxidative damage via antioxidant mechanisms is essential for tissue maintenance and shows therapeutic potential for patients suffering from cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. Salvianolic acid B (SalB), a natural bioactive component known from Traditional Chinese Medicine, has been reported to exert cellular protection in various types of cells. However, the underlying mechanisms involved are not fully understood. Here, we showed that SalB significantly promoted the migratory and tube formation abilities of human bone marrow derived-endothelial progenitor cells (BM-EPCs) in vitro, and substantially abrogated hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced cell damage. SalB down-regulated Nox4 and eNOS, as well as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-oxidase expression upon H2O2 induction that in turn prevents oxidative-induced endothelial dysfunction. Moreover, SalB suppressed the Bax/Bcl-xL ratio and caspase-3 activation after H2O2 induction. Furthermore, our results provide mechanistic evidence that activation of the mTOR/p70S6K/4EBP1 pathways is required for both SalB-mediated angiogenic and protective effects against oxidative stress-induced cell injury in BM-EPCs. Suppression of MKK3/6-p38 MAPK-ATF2 and ERK1/2 signaling pathways by SalB significantly protected BM-EPCs against cell injury caused by oxidative stress via reduction of intracellular ROS levels and apoptosis. Taken together, by providing a mechanistic insight into the modulation of redox states in BM-EPCs by SalB, we suggest that SalB has a strong potential of being a new proangiogenic and cytoprotective therapeutic agent with applications in the field of endothelial injury-mediated vascular diseases.
Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Medical Faculty and University Centre for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510080 Guangzhou, China. Electronic address: yubo.tang@uniklinikum-dresden.de.
Yubo
Y
Tang
Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Medical Faculty and University Centre for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany. Electronic address: angela.jacobi@uniklinikum-dresden.de.
Angela
A
Jacobi
Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Medical Faculty and University Centre for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany. Electronic address: corina.vater@uniklinikum-dresden.de.
Corina
C
Vater
Department of Spinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510080 Guangzhou, China. Electronic address: zxnong@hotmail.com.
Xuenong
X
Zou
Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Medical Faculty and University Centre for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany. Electronic address: maik.stiehler@uniklinikum-dresden.de.
Maik
M
Stiehler
D051698:Activating Transcription Factor 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D001572:Benzofurans / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008875:Middle Aged; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D016877:Oxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D034622:RNA Interference; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D053630:Depsides
D051698:Activating Transcription Factor 2; D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D001572:Benzofurans; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D016877:Oxidants; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C497105:ATF2 protein, human; C087000:EIF4EBP1 protein, human; C076944:salvianolic acid B; D053630:Depsides; C535150:MAPK1 protein, human
ATF2; Endothelial progenitor cells; Oxidative stress; Reactive oxygen species; Salvianolic acid B; mTOR/4EBP1