Kinetics of canine dental calculus crystallization: an in vitro study on the influence of inorganic components of canine saliva.
This work identifies carbonated hydroxyapatite (CAP) as the primary component of canine dental calculus, and corrects the long held belief that canine dental calculus is primarily CaCO3 (calcite). CAP is known to be the principal crystalline component of human dental calculus, suggesting that there are previously unknown similarities in the calcification that occurs in these two unique oral environments. In vitro kinetic experiments mimicking the inorganic components of canine saliva have examined the mechanisms of dental calculus formation. The solutions were prepared so as to mimic the inorganic components of canine saliva; phosphate, carbonate, and magnesium ion concentrations were varied individually to investigate the roll of these ions in controlling the nature of the phases that is nucleated. To date, the inorganic components of the canine oral systems have not been investigated at concentrations that mimic those in vivo. The mineral composition of the synthetic calculi grown under these conditions closely resembled samples excised from canines. This finding adds new information about calculus formation in humans and canines, and their sensitivity to chemicals used to treat these conditions.
Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
Ballav M
BM
Borah
Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
Timothy J
TJ
Halter
Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
Baoquan
B
Xie
Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
Zachary J
ZJ
Henneman
Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
Thomas R
TR
Siudzinski
Waltham Centre for Pet Nutrition, Leicestershire LE14 4RT, UK.
Stephen
S
Harris
Mars Care & Treats Europe, Oakwell Way, Birstall WF17 9LU, UK.
Matthew
M
Elliott
Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA. Electronic address: ghn@buffalo.edu.
George H
GH
Nancollas
D000818:Animals; D003460:Crystallization; D003728:Dental Calculus / Q000737:chemistry*; D004285:Dogs; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007287:Inorganic Chemicals / Q000737:chemistry*; D007700:Kinetics; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry*
D007287:Inorganic Chemicals
Biomaterial; Calcium carbonate; Calcium phosphate; Carbonated hydroxyapatite; Dental calculus; Nucleation; Saliva; Supersaturated solution