FTO polymorphisms moderate the association of food reinforcement with energy intake.
Food reinforcement (RRVfood) is related to increased energy intake, cross-sectionally related to obesity, and prospectively related to weight gain. The fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene is related to elevated body mass index and increased energy intake. The primary purpose of the current study was to determine whether any of 68 FTO single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or a FTO risk score moderate the association between food reinforcement and energy or macronutrient intake. Energy and macronutrient intake was measured using a laboratory ad libitum snack food consumption task in 237 adults of varying BMI. Controlling for BMI, the relative reinforcing value of reading (RRVreading) and proportion of African ancestry, RRVfood predicted 14.2% of the variance in energy intake, as well as predicted carbohydrate, fat, protein and sugar intake. In individual analyses, six FTO SNPs (rs12921970, rs9936768, rs12446047, rs7199716, rs8049933 and rs11076022, spanning approximately 251kbp) moderated the relationship between RRVfood and energy intake to predict an additional 4.9-7.4% of variance in energy intake. We created an FTO risk score based on 5 FTO SNPs (rs9939609, rs8050136, rs3751812, rs1421085, and rs1121980) that are related to BMI in multiple studies. The FTO risk score did not increase variance accounted for beyond individual FTO SNPs. rs12921970 and rs12446047 served as moderators of the relationship between RRVfood and carbohydrate, fat, protein, and sugar intake. This study shows for the first time that the relationship between RRVfood and energy intake is moderated by FTO SNPs. Research is needed to understand how these processes interact to predict energy and macronutrient intake.
Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, United States.
Jennifer L
JL
Scheid
Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, United States.
Katelyn A
KA
Carr
Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, United States.
Henry
H
Lin
Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, United States.
Kelly D
KD
Fletcher
Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, United States.
Lara
L
Sucheston
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, United States.
Prashant K
PK
Singh
Department of Pediatrics, Niagara Falls Memorial Hospital, United States.
Robbert
R
Salis
Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, United States.
Richard W
RW
Erbe
Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States.
Myles S
MS
Faith
Office of Energetics and Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health, United States.
David B
DB
Allison
Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, United States. Electronic address: LHENET@acsu.buffalo.edu.
Leonard H
LH
Epstein
D000328:Adult; D000071516:Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTO; D001827:Body Height / Q000235:genetics; D001835:Body Weight / Q000235:genetics; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000235:genetics*; D005006:Ethnicity; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005502:Food; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000235:genetics; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D012054:Reinforcement, Psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
D011506:Proteins; D000071516:Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTO; C526492:FTO protein, human
Energy intake; FTO; Food reinforcement; Obesity