Schmallenberg virus-two years of experiences.
In autumn 2011, a novel species of the genus Orthobunyavirus of the Simbu serogroup was discovered close to the German/Dutch border and named Schmallenberg virus (SBV). Since then, SBV has caused a large epidemic in European livestock. Like other viruses of the Simbu serogroup, SBV is transmitted by insect vectors. Adult ruminants may show a mild transient disease, while an infection during a critical period of pregnancy can lead to severe congenital malformation, premature birth or stillbirth. The current knowledge about the virus, its diagnosis, the spread of the epidemic, the impact and the possibilities for preventing infections with SBV is described and discussed.
Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany.
Kerstin
K
Wernike
Institute of Epidemiology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany.
Franz
F
Conraths
Epidemiology Unit, Animal Health Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, 94706 Maisons-Alfort, France.
Gina
G
Zanella
Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany.
Harald
H
Granzow
GDS France (National Animal Health Farmers' Organization), 75012 Paris, France.
Kristel
K
Gache
Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany.
Horst
H
Schirrmeier
Viral Diseases Unit, Animal Health Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, F79024 Niort, France.
Stephen
S
Valas
Institute of Epidemiology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany.
Christoph
C
Staubach
Virology Unit, Animal Health Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, 69364 Lyon, France.
Philippe
P
Marianneau
Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany.
Franziska
F
Kraatz
Institute of Epidemiology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany.
Detlef
D
Höreth-Böntgen
Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany.
Ilona
I
Reimann
UMR Virology 1161 ANSES/INRA/ENVA-UPEC, Animal Health Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, 94706 Maisons-Alfort, France.
Stéphan
S
Zientara
Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany. Electronic address: martin.beer@fli.bund.de.
Martin
M
Beer
D000820:Animal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology*; D000818:Animals; D002044:Bunyaviridae Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission / Q000662:veterinary*; D002519:Ceratopogonidae / Q000821:virology; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000662:veterinary / Q000821:virology; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000821:virology; D016851:Orthobunyavirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012418:Ruminants / Q000821:virology; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies
Schmallenberg virus