A study of air pollutants influencing life expectancy and longevity from spatial perspective in China.
Life expectancy and longevity are influenced by air pollutants and socioeconomic status, but the extend and significance are still unclear. Better understanding how the spatial differences of life expectancy and longevity are affected by air pollutants is needed for generating public health and environmental strategies since the whole of China is now threatened by deteriorated air quality. 85 major city regions were chosen as research areas. Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) and Stepwise Regression (SR) were used to find the spatial correlations between health indicators and air pollutants, adjusted by per capita GDP(1). The results were, regions with higher life expectancy were mainly located in the east area and areas with good air quality, a regional difference of 10 μg/m(3) in ambient air SO2(2) could cause adjusted 0.28 year's difference in life expectancy, a regional difference of 10 μg/m(3) in ambient air PM10(3) could lead to a longevity ratio difference of 2.23, and per capita GDP was positively associating with life expectancy but not longevity ratio, with a regional difference of 10,000 RMB(4) associating with adjusted 0.49 year's difference in life expectancy. This research also showed the evidences that there exist spatially differences for ambient air PM10 and SO2 influencing life expectancy and longevity in China, and this influences were clearer in south China.
Department of International Health, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, The Netherlands; Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
Li
L
Wang
Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
BingganWei
Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. Electronic address: yhli@igsnrr.ac.cn.
Yonghua
Y
Li
Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
Hairong
H
Li
Department of International Health, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, The Netherlands; China National Environmental Monitoring Center, Beijing 100012, China.
Fengying
F
Zhang
Department of Geography, Queen's University, Kingston K7L 3N6, Canada.
Mark
M
Rosenberg
Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
Linsheng
L
Yang
Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
Jixia
J
Huang
Department of International Health, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, The Netherlands; Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute of Environmental Education and Research, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune, India.
Thomas
T
Krafft
Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
Wuyi
W
Wang
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008017:Life Expectancy / Q000639:trends*; D008136:Longevity; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012923:Social Class; D055815:Young Adult
D000393:Air Pollutants
Air pollutants; Geographically Weighted Regression; Life expectancy; Longevity; Per capita GDP; Stepwise Regression