The multifaceted role of the intestinal microbiota in colon cancer.
In recent years, our understanding of the mechanisms underlying colorectal carcinogenesis has vastly expanded. Underlying inflammation within the intestine, diet, and most recently, the gut microbiota, have been demonstrated to influence the development of colorectal cancer. However, since cancer is ultimately a genetic disease, these factors are thought to create genotoxic stress within the intestinal environment to promote genetic and epigenetic alterations leading to cancer. In this review, we will focus on how gut microbes intersect with inflammation, diet, and host genetics to influence the development of colon cancer.
Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
Thergiory
T
Irrazábal
Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
Antoaneta
A
Belcheva
Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
Stephen E
SE
Girardin
Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada. Electronic address: alberto.martin@utoronto.ca.
Alberto
A
Martin
Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada. Electronic address: dana.philpott@utoronto.ca.
Dana J
DJ
Philpott
D063646:Carcinogenesis; D003092:Colitis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D004249:DNA Damage; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007249:Inflammation; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology*; D064307:Microbiota / Q000276:immunology*