Risk of relapse phenotype recurrence in multiple sclerosis.
OBJECTIVE
The aim was to analyse risk of relapse phenotype recurrence in multiple sclerosis and to characterise the effect of demographic and clinical features on this phenotype.


METHODS
Information about relapses was collected using MSBase, an international observational registry. Associations between relapse phenotypes and history of similar relapses or patient characteristics were tested with multivariable logistic regression models. Tendency of relapse phenotypes to recur sequentially was assessed with principal component analysis.


RESULTS
Among 14,969 eligible patients (89,949 patient-years), 49,279 phenotypically characterised relapses were recorded. Visual and brainstem relapses occurred more frequently in early disease and in younger patients. Sensory relapses were more frequent in early or non-progressive disease. Pyramidal, sphincter and cerebellar relapses were more common in older patients and in progressive disease. Women presented more often with sensory or visual symptoms. Men were more prone to pyramidal, brainstem and cerebellar relapses. Importantly, relapse phenotype was predicted by the phenotypes of previous relapses. (OR = 1.8-5, p = 10(-14)). Sensory, visual and brainstem relapses showed better recovery than other relapse phenotypes. Relapse severity increased and the ability to recover decreased with age or more advanced disease.


CONCLUSIONS
Relapse phenotype was associated with demographic and clinical characteristics, with phenotypic recurrence significantly more common than expected by chance.
University of Melbourne, Australia tomas.kalincik@unimelb.edu.au.
Tomas
T
Kalincik
Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia.
Katherine
K
Buzzard
University of Melbourne, Australia.
Vilija
V
Jokubaitis
University of Bari, Italy.
Maria
M
Trojano
Hôpital Notre Dame, Montreal, Canada.
Pierre
P
Duquette
Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain.
Guillermo
G
Izquierdo
Hôpital Notre Dame, Montreal, Canada.
Marc
M
Girard
MS Centre, University 'G. d'Annunzio', Chieti, Italy.
Alessandra
A
Lugaresi
Hotel-Dieu de Levis, Quebec, Canada.
Pierre
P
Grammond
Neuro Rive-Sud, Hôpital Charles LeMoyne, Quebec, Canada.
Francois
F
Grand'Maison
University Hospital San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain.
Celia
C
Oreja-Guevara
Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey.
Cavit
C
Boz
Orbis Medical Centre, Sittard, The Netherlands.
Raymond
R
Hupperts
Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark.
Thor
T
Petersen
Ospedale di Macerata, Macerata, Italy.
Giorgio
G
Giuliani
Ospedali Riuniti di Salerno, Salerno, Italy.
Gerardo
G
Iuliano
John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, Australia.
Jeannette
J
Lechner-Scott
University of Melbourne, AustraliaRoyal Melbourne Hospital, AustraliaUniversity of Melbourne, AustraliaUniversity of Bari, ItalyHôpital Notre Dame, Montreal, CanadaHospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, SpainHôpital Notre Dame, Montreal, CanadaMS Centre, University 'G. d'Annunzio', Chieti, ItalyHotel-Dieu de Levis, Quebec, CanadaNeuro Rive-Sud, Hôpital Charles LeMoyne, Quebec, CanadaUniversity Hospital San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, SpainKaradeniz Technical University, Trabzon, TurkeyOrbis Medical Centre, Sittard, The NetherlandsAarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, DenmarkOspedale di Macerata, Macerata, ItalyOspedali Riuniti di Salerno, Salerno, ItalyJohn Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, AustraliaAORN San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino, ItalyRoyal Melbourne Hospital, AustraliaUniversity of Melbourne, Australia.
Michael
M
Barnett
University of Melbourne, AustraliaRoyal Melbourne Hospital, AustraliaUniversity of Melbourne, AustraliaUniversity of Bari, ItalyHôpital Notre Dame, Montreal, CanadaHospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, SpainHôpital Notre Dame, Montreal, CanadaMS Centre, University 'G. d'Annunzio', Chieti, ItalyHotel-Dieu de Levis, Quebec, CanadaNeuro Rive-Sud, Hôpital Charles LeMoyne, Quebec, CanadaUniversity Hospital San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, SpainKaradeniz Technical University, Trabzon, TurkeyOrbis Medical Centre, Sittard, The NetherlandsAarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, DenmarkOspedale di Macerata, Macerata, ItalyOspedali Riuniti di Salerno, Salerno, ItalyJohn Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, AustraliaAORN San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino, ItalyRoyal Melbourne Hospital, AustraliaUniversity of Melbourne, Australia.
Roberto
R
Bergamaschi
University of Melbourne, AustraliaRoyal Melbourne Hospital, AustraliaUniversity of Melbourne, AustraliaUniversity of Bari, ItalyHôpital Notre Dame, Montreal, CanadaHospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, SpainHôpital Notre Dame, Montreal, CanadaMS Centre, University 'G. d'Annunzio', Chieti, ItalyHotel-Dieu de Levis, Quebec, CanadaNeuro Rive-Sud, Hôpital Charles LeMoyne, Quebec, CanadaUniversity Hospital San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, SpainKaradeniz Technical University, Trabzon, TurkeyOrbis Medical Centre, Sittard, The NetherlandsAarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, DenmarkOspedale di Macerata, Macerata, ItalyOspedali Riuniti di Salerno, Salerno, ItalyJohn Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, AustraliaAORN San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino, ItalyRoyal Melbourne Hospital, AustraliaUniversity of Melbourne, Australia.
Vincent
V
Van Pesch
University of Melbourne, AustraliaRoyal Melbourne Hospital, AustraliaUniversity of Melbourne, AustraliaUniversity of Bari, ItalyHôpital Notre Dame, Montreal, CanadaHospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, SpainHôpital Notre Dame, Montreal, CanadaMS Centre, University 'G. d'Annunzio', Chieti, ItalyHotel-Dieu de Levis, Quebec, CanadaNeuro Rive-Sud, Hôpital Charles LeMoyne, Quebec, CanadaUniversity Hospital San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, SpainKaradeniz Technical University, Trabzon, TurkeyOrbis Medical Centre, Sittard, The NetherlandsAarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, DenmarkOspedale di Macerata, Macerata, ItalyOspedali Riuniti di Salerno, Salerno, ItalyJohn Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, AustraliaAORN San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino, ItalyRoyal Melbourne Hospital, AustraliaUniversity of Melbourne, Australia.
Maria Pia
MP
Amato
University of Melbourne, AustraliaRoyal Melbourne Hospital, AustraliaUniversity of Melbourne, AustraliaUniversity of Bari, ItalyHôpital Notre Dame, Montreal, CanadaHospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, SpainHôpital Notre Dame, Montreal, CanadaMS Centre, University 'G. d'Annunzio', Chieti, ItalyHotel-Dieu de Levis, Quebec, CanadaNeuro Rive-Sud, Hôpital Charles LeMoyne, Quebec, CanadaUniversity Hospital San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, SpainKaradeniz Technical University, Trabzon, TurkeyOrbis Medical Centre, Sittard, The NetherlandsAarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, DenmarkOspedale di Macerata, Macerata, ItalyOspedali Riuniti di Salerno, Salerno, ItalyJohn Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, AustraliaAORN San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino, ItalyRoyal Melbourne Hospital, AustraliaUniversity of Melbourne, Australia.
Erik
E
van Munster
University of Melbourne, AustraliaRoyal Melbourne Hospital, AustraliaUniversity of Melbourne, AustraliaUniversity of Bari, ItalyHôpital Notre Dame, Montreal, CanadaHospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, SpainHôpital Notre Dame, Montreal, CanadaMS Centre, University 'G. d'Annunzio', Chieti, ItalyHotel-Dieu de Levis, Quebec, CanadaNeuro Rive-Sud, Hôpital Charles LeMoyne, Quebec, CanadaUniversity Hospital San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, SpainKaradeniz Technical University, Trabzon, TurkeyOrbis Medical Centre, Sittard, The NetherlandsAarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, DenmarkOspedale di Macerata, Macerata, ItalyOspedali Riuniti di Salerno, Salerno, ItalyJohn Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, AustraliaAORN San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino, ItalyRoyal Melbourne Hospital, AustraliaUniversity of Melbourne, Australia.
Ricardo
R
Fernandez-Bolanos
University of Melbourne, AustraliaRoyal Melbourne Hospital, AustraliaUniversity of Melbourne, AustraliaUniversity of Bari, ItalyHôpital Notre Dame, Montreal, CanadaHospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, SpainHôpital Notre Dame, Montreal, CanadaMS Centre, University 'G. d'Annunzio', Chieti, ItalyHotel-Dieu de Levis, Quebec, CanadaNeuro Rive-Sud, Hôpital Charles LeMoyne, Quebec, CanadaUniversity Hospital San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, SpainKaradeniz Technical University, Trabzon, TurkeyOrbis Medical Centre, Sittard, The NetherlandsAarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, DenmarkOspedale di Macerata, Macerata, ItalyOspedali Riuniti di Salerno, Salerno, ItalyJohn Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, AustraliaAORN San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino, ItalyRoyal Melbourne Hospital, AustraliaUniversity of Melbourne, Australia.
Freek
F
Verheul
University of Melbourne, AustraliaRoyal Melbourne Hospital, AustraliaUniversity of Melbourne, AustraliaUniversity of Bari, ItalyHôpital Notre Dame, Montreal, CanadaHospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, SpainHôpital Notre Dame, Montreal, CanadaMS Centre, University 'G. d'Annunzio', Chieti, ItalyHotel-Dieu de Levis, Quebec, CanadaNeuro Rive-Sud, Hôpital Charles LeMoyne, Quebec, CanadaUniversity Hospital San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, SpainKaradeniz Technical University, Trabzon, TurkeyOrbis Medical Centre, Sittard, The NetherlandsAarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, DenmarkOspedale di Macerata, Macerata, ItalyOspedali Riuniti di Salerno, Salerno, ItalyJohn Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, AustraliaAORN San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino, ItalyRoyal Melbourne Hospital, AustraliaUniversity of Melbourne, Australia.
Marcela
M
Fiol
University of Melbourne, AustraliaRoyal Melbourne Hospital, AustraliaUniversity of Melbourne, AustraliaUniversity of Bari, ItalyHôpital Notre Dame, Montreal, CanadaHospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, SpainHôpital Notre Dame, Montreal, CanadaMS Centre, University 'G. d'Annunzio', Chieti, ItalyHotel-Dieu de Levis, Quebec, CanadaNeuro Rive-Sud, Hôpital Charles LeMoyne, Quebec, CanadaUniversity Hospital San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, SpainKaradeniz Technical University, Trabzon, TurkeyOrbis Medical Centre, Sittard, The NetherlandsAarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, DenmarkOspedale di Macerata, Macerata, ItalyOspedali Riuniti di Salerno, Salerno, ItalyJohn Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, AustraliaAORN San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino, ItalyRoyal Melbourne Hospital, AustraliaUniversity of Melbourne, Australia.
Edgardo
E
Cristiano
University of Melbourne, AustraliaRoyal Melbourne Hospital, AustraliaUniversity of Melbourne, AustraliaUniversity of Bari, ItalyHôpital Notre Dame, Montreal, CanadaHospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, SpainHôpital Notre Dame, Montreal, CanadaMS Centre, University 'G. d'Annunzio', Chieti, ItalyHotel-Dieu de Levis, Quebec, CanadaNeuro Rive-Sud, Hôpital Charles LeMoyne, Quebec, CanadaUniversity Hospital San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, SpainKaradeniz Technical University, Trabzon, TurkeyOrbis Medical Centre, Sittard, The NetherlandsAarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, DenmarkOspedale di Macerata, Macerata, ItalyOspedali Riuniti di Salerno, Salerno, ItalyJohn Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, AustraliaAORN San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino, ItalyRoyal Melbourne Hospital, AustraliaUniversity of Melbourne, Australia.
Mark
M
Slee
University of Melbourne, AustraliaRoyal Melbourne Hospital, AustraliaUniversity of Melbourne, AustraliaUniversity of Bari, ItalyHôpital Notre Dame, Montreal, CanadaHospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, SpainHôpital Notre Dame, Montreal, CanadaMS Centre, University 'G. d'Annunzio', Chieti, ItalyHotel-Dieu de Levis, Quebec, CanadaNeuro Rive-Sud, Hôpital Charles LeMoyne, Quebec, CanadaUniversity Hospital San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, SpainKaradeniz Technical University, Trabzon, TurkeyOrbis Medical Centre, Sittard, The NetherlandsAarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, DenmarkOspedale di Macerata, Macerata, ItalyOspedali Riuniti di Salerno, Salerno, ItalyJohn Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, AustraliaAORN San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino, ItalyRoyal Melbourne Hospital, AustraliaUniversity of Melbourne, Australia.
Maria Edite
ME
Rio
AORN San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino, Italy.
Daniele
D
Spitaleri
University of Melbourne, AustraliaRoyal Melbourne Hospital, AustraliaUniversity of Melbourne, AustraliaUniversity of Bari, ItalyHôpital Notre Dame, Montreal, CanadaHospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, SpainHôpital Notre Dame, Montreal, CanadaMS Centre, University 'G. d'Annunzio', Chieti, ItalyHotel-Dieu de Levis, Quebec, CanadaNeuro Rive-Sud, Hôpital Charles LeMoyne, Quebec, CanadaUniversity Hospital San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, SpainKaradeniz Technical University, Trabzon, TurkeyOrbis Medical Centre, Sittard, The NetherlandsAarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, DenmarkOspedale di Macerata, Macerata, ItalyOspedali Riuniti di Salerno, Salerno, ItalyJohn Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, AustraliaAORN San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino, ItalyRoyal Melbourne Hospital, AustraliaUniversity of Melbourne, Australia.
Raed
R
Alroughani
University of Melbourne, AustraliaRoyal Melbourne Hospital, AustraliaUniversity of Melbourne, AustraliaUniversity of Bari, ItalyHôpital Notre Dame, Montreal, CanadaHospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, SpainHôpital Notre Dame, Montreal, CanadaMS Centre, University 'G. d'Annunzio', Chieti, ItalyHotel-Dieu de Levis, Quebec, CanadaNeuro Rive-Sud, Hôpital Charles LeMoyne, Quebec, CanadaUniversity Hospital San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, SpainKaradeniz Technical University, Trabzon, TurkeyOrbis Medical Centre, Sittard, The NetherlandsAarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, DenmarkOspedale di Macerata, Macerata, ItalyOspedali Riuniti di Salerno, Salerno, ItalyJohn Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, AustraliaAORN San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino, ItalyRoyal Melbourne Hospital, AustraliaUniversity of Melbourne, Australia.
Orla
O
Gray
University of Melbourne, AustraliaRoyal Melbourne Hospital, AustraliaUniversity of Melbourne, AustraliaUniversity of Bari, ItalyHôpital Notre Dame, Montreal, CanadaHospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, SpainHôpital Notre Dame, Montreal, CanadaMS Centre, University 'G. d'Annunzio', Chieti, ItalyHotel-Dieu de Levis, Quebec, CanadaNeuro Rive-Sud, Hôpital Charles LeMoyne, Quebec, CanadaUniversity Hospital San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, SpainKaradeniz Technical University, Trabzon, TurkeyOrbis Medical Centre, Sittard, The NetherlandsAarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, DenmarkOspedale di Macerata, Macerata, ItalyOspedali Riuniti di Salerno, Salerno, ItalyJohn Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, AustraliaAORN San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino, ItalyRoyal Melbourne Hospital, AustraliaUniversity of Melbourne, Australia.
Maria Laura
ML
Saladino
University of Melbourne, AustraliaRoyal Melbourne Hospital, AustraliaUniversity of Melbourne, AustraliaUniversity of Bari, ItalyHôpital Notre Dame, Montreal, CanadaHospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, SpainHôpital Notre Dame, Montreal, CanadaMS Centre, University 'G. d'Annunzio', Chieti, ItalyHotel-Dieu de Levis, Quebec, CanadaNeuro Rive-Sud, Hôpital Charles LeMoyne, Quebec, CanadaUniversity Hospital San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, SpainKaradeniz Technical University, Trabzon, TurkeyOrbis Medical Centre, Sittard, The NetherlandsAarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, DenmarkOspedale di Macerata, Macerata, ItalyOspedali Riuniti di Salerno, Salerno, ItalyJohn Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, AustraliaAORN San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino, ItalyRoyal Melbourne Hospital, AustraliaUniversity of Melbourne, Australia.
Sholmo
S
Flechter
University of Melbourne, AustraliaRoyal Melbourne Hospital, AustraliaUniversity of Melbourne, AustraliaUniversity of Bari, ItalyHôpital Notre Dame, Montreal, CanadaHospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, SpainHôpital Notre Dame, Montreal, CanadaMS Centre, University 'G. d'Annunzio', Chieti, ItalyHotel-Dieu de Levis, Quebec, CanadaNeuro Rive-Sud, Hôpital Charles LeMoyne, Quebec, CanadaUniversity Hospital San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, SpainKaradeniz Technical University, Trabzon, TurkeyOrbis Medical Centre, Sittard, The NetherlandsAarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, DenmarkOspedale di Macerata, Macerata, ItalyOspedali Riuniti di Salerno, Salerno, ItalyJohn Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, AustraliaAORN San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino, ItalyRoyal Melbourne Hospital, AustraliaUniversity of Melbourne, Australia.
Joseph
J
Herbert
University of Melbourne, AustraliaRoyal Melbourne Hospital, AustraliaUniversity of Melbourne, AustraliaUniversity of Bari, ItalyHôpital Notre Dame, Montreal, CanadaHospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, SpainHôpital Notre Dame, Montreal, CanadaMS Centre, University 'G. d'Annunzio', Chieti, ItalyHotel-Dieu de Levis, Quebec, CanadaNeuro Rive-Sud, Hôpital Charles LeMoyne, Quebec, CanadaUniversity Hospital San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, SpainKaradeniz Technical University, Trabzon, TurkeyOrbis Medical Centre, Sittard, The NetherlandsAarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, DenmarkOspedale di Macerata, Macerata, ItalyOspedali Riuniti di Salerno, Salerno, ItalyJohn Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, AustraliaAORN San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino, ItalyRoyal Melbourne Hospital, AustraliaUniversity of Melbourne, Australia.
Jose Antonio
JA
Cabrera-Gomez
University of Melbourne, AustraliaRoyal Melbourne Hospital, AustraliaUniversity of Melbourne, AustraliaUniversity of Bari, ItalyHôpital Notre Dame, Montreal, CanadaHospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, SpainHôpital Notre Dame, Montreal, CanadaMS Centre, University 'G. d'Annunzio', Chieti, ItalyHotel-Dieu de Levis, Quebec, CanadaNeuro Rive-Sud, Hôpital Charles LeMoyne, Quebec, CanadaUniversity Hospital San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, SpainKaradeniz Technical University, Trabzon, TurkeyOrbis Medical Centre, Sittard, The NetherlandsAarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, DenmarkOspedale di Macerata, Macerata, ItalyOspedali Riuniti di Salerno, Salerno, ItalyJohn Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, AustraliaAORN San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino, ItalyRoyal Melbourne Hospital, AustraliaUniversity of Melbourne, Australia.
Norbert
N
Vella
University of Melbourne, AustraliaRoyal Melbourne Hospital, AustraliaUniversity of Melbourne, AustraliaUniversity of Bari, ItalyHôpital Notre Dame, Montreal, CanadaHospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, SpainHôpital Notre Dame, Montreal, CanadaMS Centre, University 'G. d'Annunzio', Chieti, ItalyHotel-Dieu de Levis, Quebec, CanadaNeuro Rive-Sud, Hôpital Charles LeMoyne, Quebec, CanadaUniversity Hospital San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, SpainKaradeniz Technical University, Trabzon, TurkeyOrbis Medical Centre, Sittard, The NetherlandsAarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, DenmarkOspedale di Macerata, Macerata, ItalyOspedali Riuniti di Salerno, Salerno, ItalyJohn Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, AustraliaAORN San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino, ItalyRoyal Melbourne Hospital, AustraliaUniversity of Melbourne, Australia.
Mark
M
Paine
University of Melbourne, AustraliaRoyal Melbourne Hospital, AustraliaUniversity of Melbourne, AustraliaUniversity of Bari, ItalyHôpital Notre Dame, Montreal, CanadaHospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, SpainHôpital Notre Dame, Montreal, CanadaMS Centre, University 'G. d'Annunzio', Chieti, ItalyHotel-Dieu de Levis, Quebec, CanadaNeuro Rive-Sud, Hôpital Charles LeMoyne, Quebec, CanadaUniversity Hospital San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, SpainKaradeniz Technical University, Trabzon, TurkeyOrbis Medical Centre, Sittard, The NetherlandsAarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, DenmarkOspedale di Macerata, Macerata, ItalyOspedali Riuniti di Salerno, Salerno, ItalyJohn Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, AustraliaAORN San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino, ItalyRoyal Melbourne Hospital, AustraliaUniversity of Melbourne, Australia.
Cameron
C
Shaw
University of Melbourne, AustraliaRoyal Melbourne Hospital, AustraliaUniversity of Melbourne, AustraliaUniversity of Bari, ItalyHôpital Notre Dame, Montreal, CanadaHospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, SpainHôpital Notre Dame, Montreal, CanadaMS Centre, University 'G. d'Annunzio', Chieti, ItalyHotel-Dieu de Levis, Quebec, CanadaNeuro Rive-Sud, Hôpital Charles LeMoyne, Quebec, CanadaUniversity Hospital San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, SpainKaradeniz Technical University, Trabzon, TurkeyOrbis Medical Centre, Sittard, The NetherlandsAarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, DenmarkOspedale di Macerata, Macerata, ItalyOspedali Riuniti di Salerno, Salerno, ItalyJohn Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, AustraliaAORN San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino, ItalyRoyal Melbourne Hospital, AustraliaUniversity of Melbourne, Australia.
Fraser
F
Moore
University of Melbourne, AustraliaRoyal Melbourne Hospital, AustraliaUniversity of Melbourne, AustraliaUniversity of Bari, ItalyHôpital Notre Dame, Montreal, CanadaHospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, SpainHôpital Notre Dame, Montreal, CanadaMS Centre, University 'G. d'Annunzio', Chieti, ItalyHotel-Dieu de Levis, Quebec, CanadaNeuro Rive-Sud, Hôpital Charles LeMoyne, Quebec, CanadaUniversity Hospital San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, SpainKaradeniz Technical University, Trabzon, TurkeyOrbis Medical Centre, Sittard, The NetherlandsAarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, DenmarkOspedale di Macerata, Macerata, ItalyOspedali Riuniti di Salerno, Salerno, ItalyJohn Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, AustraliaAORN San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino, ItalyRoyal Melbourne Hospital, AustraliaUniversity of Melbourne, Australia.
Steve
S
Vucic
University of Melbourne, AustraliaRoyal Melbourne Hospital, AustraliaUniversity of Melbourne, AustraliaUniversity of Bari, ItalyHôpital Notre Dame, Montreal, CanadaHospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, SpainHôpital Notre Dame, Montreal, CanadaMS Centre, University 'G. d'Annunzio', Chieti, ItalyHotel-Dieu de Levis, Quebec, CanadaNeuro Rive-Sud, Hôpital Charles LeMoyne, Quebec, CanadaUniversity Hospital San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, SpainKaradeniz Technical University, Trabzon, TurkeyOrbis Medical Centre, Sittard, The NetherlandsAarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, DenmarkOspedale di Macerata, Macerata, ItalyOspedali Riuniti di Salerno, Salerno, ItalyJohn Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, AustraliaAORN San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino, ItalyRoyal Melbourne Hospital, AustraliaUniversity of Melbourne, Australia.
Aldo
A
Savino
University of Melbourne, AustraliaRoyal Melbourne Hospital, AustraliaUniversity of Melbourne, AustraliaUniversity of Bari, ItalyHôpital Notre Dame, Montreal, CanadaHospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, SpainHôpital Notre Dame, Montreal, CanadaMS Centre, University 'G. d'Annunzio', Chieti, ItalyHotel-Dieu de Levis, Quebec, CanadaNeuro Rive-Sud, Hôpital Charles LeMoyne, Quebec, CanadaUniversity Hospital San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, SpainKaradeniz Technical University, Trabzon, TurkeyOrbis Medical Centre, Sittard, The NetherlandsAarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, DenmarkOspedale di Macerata, Macerata, ItalyOspedali Riuniti di Salerno, Salerno, ItalyJohn Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, AustraliaAORN San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino, ItalyRoyal Melbourne Hospital, AustraliaUniversity of Melbourne, Australia.
Bhim
B
Singhal
University of Melbourne, AustraliaRoyal Melbourne Hospital, AustraliaUniversity of Melbourne, AustraliaUniversity of Bari, ItalyHôpital Notre Dame, Montreal, CanadaHospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, SpainHôpital Notre Dame, Montreal, CanadaMS Centre, University 'G. d'Annunzio', Chieti, ItalyHotel-Dieu de Levis, Quebec, CanadaNeuro Rive-Sud, Hôpital Charles LeMoyne, Quebec, CanadaUniversity Hospital San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, SpainKaradeniz Technical University, Trabzon, TurkeyOrbis Medical Centre, Sittard, The NetherlandsAarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, DenmarkOspedale di Macerata, Macerata, ItalyOspedali Riuniti di Salerno, Salerno, ItalyJohn Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, AustraliaAORN San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino, ItalyRoyal Melbourne Hospital, AustraliaUniversity of Melbourne, Australia.
Tatjana
T
Petkovska-Boskova
University of Melbourne, AustraliaRoyal Melbourne Hospital, AustraliaUniversity of Melbourne, AustraliaUniversity of Bari, ItalyHôpital Notre Dame, Montreal, CanadaHospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, SpainHôpital Notre Dame, Montreal, CanadaMS Centre, University 'G. d'Annunzio', Chieti, ItalyHotel-Dieu de Levis, Quebec, CanadaNeuro Rive-Sud, Hôpital Charles LeMoyne, Quebec, CanadaUniversity Hospital San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, SpainKaradeniz Technical University, Trabzon, TurkeyOrbis Medical Centre, Sittard, The NetherlandsAarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, DenmarkOspedale di Macerata, Macerata, ItalyOspedali Riuniti di Salerno, Salerno, ItalyJohn Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, AustraliaAORN San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino, ItalyRoyal Melbourne Hospital, AustraliaUniversity of Melbourne, Australia.
John
J
Parratt
University of Melbourne, AustraliaRoyal Melbourne Hospital, AustraliaUniversity of Melbourne, AustraliaUniversity of Bari, ItalyHôpital Notre Dame, Montreal, CanadaHospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, SpainHôpital Notre Dame, Montreal, CanadaMS Centre, University 'G. d'Annunzio', Chieti, ItalyHotel-Dieu de Levis, Quebec, CanadaNeuro Rive-Sud, Hôpital Charles LeMoyne, Quebec, CanadaUniversity Hospital San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, SpainKaradeniz Technical University, Trabzon, TurkeyOrbis Medical Centre, Sittard, The NetherlandsAarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, DenmarkOspedale di Macerata, Macerata, ItalyOspedali Riuniti di Salerno, Salerno, ItalyJohn Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, AustraliaAORN San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino, ItalyRoyal Melbourne Hospital, AustraliaUniversity of Melbourne, Australia.
Carmen-Adella
CA
Sirbu
University of Melbourne, AustraliaRoyal Melbourne Hospital, AustraliaUniversity of Melbourne, AustraliaUniversity of Bari, ItalyHôpital Notre Dame, Montreal, CanadaHospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, SpainHôpital Notre Dame, Montreal, CanadaMS Centre, University 'G. d'Annunzio', Chieti, ItalyHotel-Dieu de Levis, Quebec, CanadaNeuro Rive-Sud, Hôpital Charles LeMoyne, Quebec, CanadaUniversity Hospital San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, SpainKaradeniz Technical University, Trabzon, TurkeyOrbis Medical Centre, Sittard, The NetherlandsAarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, DenmarkOspedale di Macerata, Macerata, ItalyOspedali Riuniti di Salerno, Salerno, ItalyJohn Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, AustraliaAORN San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino, ItalyRoyal Melbourne Hospital, AustraliaUniversity of Melbourne, Australia.
Csilla
C
Rozsa
University of Melbourne, AustraliaRoyal Melbourne Hospital, AustraliaUniversity of Melbourne, AustraliaUniversity of Bari, ItalyHôpital Notre Dame, Montreal, CanadaHospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, SpainHôpital Notre Dame, Montreal, CanadaMS Centre, University 'G. d'Annunzio', Chieti, ItalyHotel-Dieu de Levis, Quebec, CanadaNeuro Rive-Sud, Hôpital Charles LeMoyne, Quebec, CanadaUniversity Hospital San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, SpainKaradeniz Technical University, Trabzon, TurkeyOrbis Medical Centre, Sittard, The NetherlandsAarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, DenmarkOspedale di Macerata, Macerata, ItalyOspedali Riuniti di Salerno, Salerno, ItalyJohn Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, AustraliaAORN San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino, ItalyRoyal Melbourne Hospital, AustraliaUniversity of Melbourne, Australia.
Danny
D
Liew
Royal Melbourne Hospital, AustraliaUniversity of Melbourne, Australia.
Helmut
H
Butzkueven
D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020529:Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010641:Phenotype; D011379:Prognosis; D012008:Recurrence; D012306:Risk
MSBase; Multiple sclerosis; phenotype; presentation of neurological diseases; prognosis