[Determinants of the evolution of hospital pharmacy in France and Quebec: Perception of hospital pharmacists].
BACKGROUND
Hospital pharmacy practice has evolved differently between France and Quebec. While this development is part of broader systems, French and Quebec hospitals have undergone significant changes over the years to cope with challenges, among others, the economic and demographic realities.


OBJECTIVE
The main objective is to evaluate and compare the perception of French and Quebec hospital pharmacists about the factors that have contributed to the evolution of pharmacy practice in their respective context.


METHODS
This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. The study focuses on a sample of experienced hospital pharmacists in France and Quebec. We targeted a convenience sample of 50 respondents per country. An online questionnaire with 15 pharmaceutical activities to which are connected nine factors that may have influenced the implementation of each of these activities in each country was used. The mean score was calculated for each of the nine factors for each activity. The perception of French and Quebec hospital pharmacists was then compared. A P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.


RESULTS
Two hundred and sixty hospital pharmacists were directly contacted in France and 79 in Quebec. Seventy-eight French pharmacists and 77 Quebec pharmacists responded to the survey, that is a respective response rate of 30% and 97%, respectively. The hierarchy of factors that contributed to the evolution of pharmacy practice was similar between the two countries, legislative and regulatory factors as well as the concern for risk management and quality dominate; scientific human, economic factors and training have a relatively similar position. For cons, the news factor (6th in France against the 10th position in Quebec) and the academic factor (10th position in France against the 6th position in Quebec) obtained inverse scores between France and Quebec.


CONCLUSIONS
There are few data on the determinants of the evolution of hospital pharmacy in France and Quebec. The hierarchy of factors that contributed to the evolution of pharmacy practice is similar between the two countries, although differences of rank were found for the news and academic factors. Further studies are needed to better understand the factors that influence the evolution of pharmacy practice in health care institutions.
Unité de recherche en pratique pharmaceutique, département de pharmacie, CHU Sainte-Justine (CHUSJ), 3175, chemin de la Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, Québec H3T 1C5, Canada.
A
A
Guérin
Unité de recherche en pratique pharmaceutique, département de pharmacie, CHU Sainte-Justine (CHUSJ), 3175, chemin de la Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, Québec H3T 1C5, Canada.
D
D
Lebel
Unité de recherche en pratique pharmaceutique, département de pharmacie, CHU Sainte-Justine (CHUSJ), 3175, chemin de la Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, Québec H3T 1C5, Canada.
N
N
Marando
Département de pharmacie, hôpital Robert-Debré, AP-HP, 48, boulevard Serurier, 75019 Paris, France.
S
S
Prot-Labarthe
Département de pharmacie, hôpital Robert-Debré, AP-HP, 48, boulevard Serurier, 75019 Paris, France; Faculté de pharmacie, université Paris Descartes, 4, avenue de l'Observatoire, 75270 Paris cedex 06, France; Éducation et pratiques de santé EA 3412, université Paris Nord-13, 74, rue Marcel-Cachin, 93017 Bobigny cedex, France.
O
O
Bourdon
Unité de recherche en pratique pharmaceutique, département de pharmacie, CHU Sainte-Justine (CHUSJ), 3175, chemin de la Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, Québec H3T 1C5, Canada; Faculté de pharmacie, université de Montréal, 2900, Édouard Montpetit, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada. Electronic address: jf.bussieres@ssss.gouv.qc.ca.
J-F
JF
Bussières
D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010595:Pharmacists; D010607:Pharmacy Service, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration; D011792:Quebec; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
Evolution; France; Hospital; Hôpital; Pharmacy practice; Pratique pharmaceutique; Quebec; Québec; Évolution