Natural co-occurrence of fungi and mycotoxins in poultry feeds from Entre Ríos, Argentina.
A total of 120 pelleted poultry feed samples from Entre Ríos Province, Argentina, were evaluated. The aims were to investigate (1) the presence of relevant toxigenic fungi, as well as to determine the ability to produce aflatoxins (AFs) by Aspergillus section Flavi isolated strains; and (2) the natural co-occurrence of AFs, fumonisins (FBs), gliotoxin, diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), HT-2 and T-2 toxin by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Total fungal counts were below the established value (1 × 10⁴ CFU g⁻¹). Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus were the only aflatoxigenic species isolated. Co-occurrence of fumonisin B₁ (FB₁), HT-2 and T-2 toxin was detected in 100% of the feeds, with mean levels from 4502 to 5813; 6.7 to 21.6 and 19.6 to 30.3 µg kg⁻¹, respectively. A large number of starter samples were co-contaminated with aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁), FB₁, HT-2 and T-2 toxins. Gliotoxin and DAS were not found in this survey.
a Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico, Químicas y Naturales, , Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto , Córdoba , Argentina.
M P
MP
Monge
A M
AM
Dalcero
C E
CE
Magnoli
S M
SM
Chiacchiera
D000348:Aflatoxins / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis / Q000382:microbiology*; D000818:Animals; D001118:Argentina; D001230:Aspergillus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D001231:Aspergillus flavus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D005506:Food Contamination; D005513:Food Inspection; D037341:Fumonisins / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D007536:Isomerism; D057230:Limit of Detection; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D011200:Poultry; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013605:T-2 Toxin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
D000348:Aflatoxins; D037341:Fumonisins; D009183:Mycotoxins; D013605:T-2 Toxin
Aspergillus flavus; Aspergillus parasiticus; HT-2 toxin; T-2 toxin; aflatoxins; diacetoxyscirpenol; fumonisins; gliotoxin; starter and finisher poultry feed