Microfluidics expanding the frontiers of microbial ecology.
Microfluidics has significantly contributed to the expansion of the frontiers of microbial ecology over the past decade by allowing researchers to observe the behaviors of microbes in highly controlled microenvironments, across scales from a single cell to mixed communities. Spatially and temporally varying distributions of organisms and chemical cues that mimic natural microbial habitats can now be established by exploiting physics at the micrometer scale and by incorporating structures with specific geometries and materials. In this article, we review applications of microfluidics that have resulted in insightful discoveries on fundamental aspects of microbial life, ranging from growth and sensing to cell-cell interactions and population dynamics. We anticipate that this flexible multidisciplinary technology will continue to facilitate discoveries regarding the ecology of microorganisms and help uncover strategies to control microbial processes such as biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance.
Ralph M. Parsons Laboratory, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139; email: rrusconi@mit.edu , mgarren@mit.edu , romans@mit.edu.
Roberto
R
Rusconi
Melissa
M
Garren
Roman
R
Stocker
D018407:Bacterial Physiological Phenomena; D004463:Ecology / Q000379:methods*; D008828:Microbiological Techniques; D044085:Microfluidics / Q000379:methods*
antibiotics; gradients; microenvironments; population dynamics; single-cell analysis; surface interactions