Immunostimulatory effect of fermented red ginseng in the mouse model.
In this study, Woongjin fermented red ginseng extract (WFRG) was evaluated for its potential ability to act as an adjuvant for the immune response of mice. For the in vitro study, macrophages were treated with serial concentrations (1 μg/mL, 10 μg/mL, and 100 μg/mL) of WFRG. For in vivo studies, mice were administered different concentrations (10 mg/kg/day, 100 mg/kg/day, and 200 mg/kg/day) of WFRG orally for 21 days. In vitro, the production of nitric oxide and TNF-α by RAW 264.7 cells increased in a dose-dependent manner. In vivo, WFRG enhanced the proliferation of splenocytes induced by two mitogens (i.e., concanavalin A and lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) and increased LPS-induced production of TNF-α and IL-6, but not IL-1β. In conclusion, WFRG has the potential to modulate immune function and should be further investigated as an immunostimulatory agent.
Department of Oriental Medicinal Materials & Processing, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi 446-701, Korea.
Sang-Yong
SY
Park
Woongjin Food Co., Ltd., Seoul 100-705, Korea.
Ho-Bin
HB
Kim
Woongjin Food Co., Ltd., Seoul 100-705, Korea.
Jeong-Hoon
JH
Kim
Woongjin Food Co., Ltd., Seoul 100-705, Korea.
Joo-Mi
JM
Lee
Woongjin Food Co., Ltd., Seoul 100-705, Korea.
Sang-Rae
SR
Kim
Department of Oriental Medicinal Materials & Processing, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi 446-701, Korea.
Heon-Sub
HS
Shin
Department of Oriental Medicinal Materials & Processing, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi 446-701, Korea.
Tae-Hoo
TH
Yi
anti-cancer; cytokine; fermented red ginseng; immune responses; saponin