Early cellular responses against tributyltin chloride exposure in primary cultures derived from various brain regions.
Tributyltin (TBT) is a potent biocide and commonly used in various industrial sectors. Humans are mainly exposed through the food chain. We have previously demonstrated tin accumulation in brain following TBT-chloride (TBTC) exposure. In this study, effect of TBTC on dissociated cells from different brain regions was evaluated. Cytotoxicity assay (MTT), mode of cell death (Annexin V/PI assay), oxidative stress parameters (ROS and lipid peroxidation), reducing power of the cell (GSH), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and intracellular Ca(2+) were evaluated to ascertain the effect of TBTC. Expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was measured to understand the effect on astroglial cells. TBTC as low as 30 nM was found to reduce GSH levels, whereas higher doses of 300 and 3000 nM induced ROS generation and marked loss in cell viability mainly through apoptosis. Striatum showed higher susceptibility than other regions, which may have further implications on various neurological aspects.
Immunotoxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, India; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India. Electronic address: msumonto@gmail.com.
Sumonto
S
Mitra
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India.
Waseem A
WA
Siddiqui
Immunotoxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, India. Electronic address: shashik.iitr@gmail.com.
Shashi
S
Khandelwal
D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000633:toxicity*; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D014220:Trialkyltin Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*
D004202:Disinfectants; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014220:Trialkyltin Compounds; C011559:tributyltin; D005978:Glutathione; D002118:Calcium
Brain regions; Cell death; Differential toxicity; GFAP; Oxidative stress; Tributyltin chloride