Extravirgin olive oil consumption reduces risk of atrial fibrillation: the PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) trial.
BACKGROUND
The PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) randomized primary prevention trial showed that a Mediterranean diet enriched with either extravirgin olive oil or mixed nuts reduces the incidence of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiovascular mortality. We assessed the effect of these diets on the incidence of atrial fibrillation in the PREDIMED trial.


RESULTS
Participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 diets: Mediterranean diet supplemented with extravirgin olive oil, Mediterranean diet supplemented with mixed nuts, or advice to follow a low-fat diet (control group). Incident atrial fibrillation was adjudicated during follow-up by an events committee blinded to dietary group allocation. Among 6705 participants without prevalent atrial fibrillation at randomization, we observed 72 new cases of atrial fibrillation in the Mediterranean diet with extravirgin olive oil group, 82 in the Mediterranean diet with mixed nuts group, and 92 in the control group after median follow-up of 4.7 years. The Mediterranean diet with extravirgin olive oil significantly reduced the risk of atrial fibrillation (hazard ratio, 0.62; 95% confidence interval, 0.45-0.85 compared with the control group). No effect was found for the Mediterranean diet with nuts (hazard ratio, 0.89; 95% confidence interval, 0.65-1.20).


CONCLUSIONS
In the absence of proven interventions for the primary prevention of atrial fibrillation, this post hoc analysis of the PREDIMED trial suggests that extravirgin olive oil in the context of a Mediterranean dietary pattern may reduce the risk of atrial fibrillation.


BACKGROUND
http://www.controlled-trials.com. Unique identifier: ISRCTN35739639.
From the Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (M.A.M.-G., E.T., P.B.-C., A.A.); the PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) Research Network (M.A.M.-G., E.T., F.A., J.S.-S., J.F.-C., N.B., P.B.-C., V.R.-G., A.A.) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (M.A.M.-G., E.T., F.A., M. Fiol, D.C., J.S.-S., E.R., M.I.C., J.F.-C., J.L., M.A.M., M. Fitó, L.S.-M., X.P., R.M.L.-R., J.V.S., N.B., P.B.-C., V.R.-G., R.E., A.A.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Alava, Vitoria, Spain (F.A.); Institute of Health Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M.Fiol); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (D.C., J.V.S.); Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Biochemistry Biotechnology Department, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, and Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Reus, Spain (J.S.-S., N.B.); Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clinic (E.R., R.E.) and Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Xarxa de Referència en Tecnologia dels Aliments, Instituto de Investigación en Nutrición y Seguridad Alimentaria (R.M.L.-R.), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, and Primary Care Division of Barcelona. Institut Català de la Salut and IDiap-Jordi Gol, Barcelona, Spain (M.I.C., M.A.M., M. Fitó); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain (J.F.-C.); Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Seville, San Pablo Health Center, Seville, Spain (J.L.); Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain (L.S.-M.); Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital
Miguel Á
MÁ
Martínez-González
From the Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (M.A.M.-G., E.T., P.B.-C., A.A.); the PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) Research Network (M.A.M.-G., E.T., F.A., J.S.-S., J.F.-C., N.B., P.B.-C., V.R.-G., A.A.) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (M.A.M.-G., E.T., F.A., M. Fiol, D.C., J.S.-S., E.R., M.I.C., J.F.-C., J.L., M.A.M., M. Fitó, L.S.-M., X.P., R.M.L.-R., J.V.S., N.B., P.B.-C., V.R.-G., R.E., A.A.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Alava, Vitoria, Spain (F.A.); Institute of Health Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M.Fiol); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (D.C., J.V.S.); Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Biochemistry Biotechnology Department, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, and Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Reus, Spain (J.S.-S., N.B.); Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clinic (E.R., R.E.) and Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Xarxa de Referència en Tecnologia dels Aliments, Instituto de Investigación en Nutrición y Seguridad Alimentaria (R.M.L.-R.), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, and Primary Care Division of Barcelona. Institut Català de la Salut and IDiap-Jordi Gol, Barcelona, Spain (M.I.C., M.A.M., M. Fitó); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain (J.F.-C.); Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Seville, San Pablo Health Center, Seville, Spain (J.L.); Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain (L.S.-M.); Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital
Estefanía
E
Toledo
From the Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (M.A.M.-G., E.T., P.B.-C., A.A.); the PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) Research Network (M.A.M.-G., E.T., F.A., J.S.-S., J.F.-C., N.B., P.B.-C., V.R.-G., A.A.) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (M.A.M.-G., E.T., F.A., M. Fiol, D.C., J.S.-S., E.R., M.I.C., J.F.-C., J.L., M.A.M., M. Fitó, L.S.-M., X.P., R.M.L.-R., J.V.S., N.B., P.B.-C., V.R.-G., R.E., A.A.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Alava, Vitoria, Spain (F.A.); Institute of Health Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M.Fiol); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (D.C., J.V.S.); Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Biochemistry Biotechnology Department, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, and Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Reus, Spain (J.S.-S., N.B.); Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clinic (E.R., R.E.) and Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Xarxa de Referència en Tecnologia dels Aliments, Instituto de Investigación en Nutrición y Seguridad Alimentaria (R.M.L.-R.), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, and Primary Care Division of Barcelona. Institut Català de la Salut and IDiap-Jordi Gol, Barcelona, Spain (M.I.C., M.A.M., M. Fitó); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain (J.F.-C.); Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Seville, San Pablo Health Center, Seville, Spain (J.L.); Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain (L.S.-M.); Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital
Fernando
F
Arós
From the Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (M.A.M.-G., E.T., P.B.-C., A.A.); the PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) Research Network (M.A.M.-G., E.T., F.A., J.S.-S., J.F.-C., N.B., P.B.-C., V.R.-G., A.A.) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (M.A.M.-G., E.T., F.A., M. Fiol, D.C., J.S.-S., E.R., M.I.C., J.F.-C., J.L., M.A.M., M. Fitó, L.S.-M., X.P., R.M.L.-R., J.V.S., N.B., P.B.-C., V.R.-G., R.E., A.A.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Alava, Vitoria, Spain (F.A.); Institute of Health Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M.Fiol); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (D.C., J.V.S.); Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Biochemistry Biotechnology Department, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, and Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Reus, Spain (J.S.-S., N.B.); Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clinic (E.R., R.E.) and Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Xarxa de Referència en Tecnologia dels Aliments, Instituto de Investigación en Nutrición y Seguridad Alimentaria (R.M.L.-R.), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, and Primary Care Division of Barcelona. Institut Català de la Salut and IDiap-Jordi Gol, Barcelona, Spain (M.I.C., M.A.M., M. Fitó); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain (J.F.-C.); Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Seville, San Pablo Health Center, Seville, Spain (J.L.); Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain (L.S.-M.); Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital
Miquel
M
Fiol
From the Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (M.A.M.-G., E.T., P.B.-C., A.A.); the PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) Research Network (M.A.M.-G., E.T., F.A., J.S.-S., J.F.-C., N.B., P.B.-C., V.R.-G., A.A.) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (M.A.M.-G., E.T., F.A., M. Fiol, D.C., J.S.-S., E.R., M.I.C., J.F.-C., J.L., M.A.M., M. Fitó, L.S.-M., X.P., R.M.L.-R., J.V.S., N.B., P.B.-C., V.R.-G., R.E., A.A.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Alava, Vitoria, Spain (F.A.); Institute of Health Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M.Fiol); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (D.C., J.V.S.); Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Biochemistry Biotechnology Department, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, and Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Reus, Spain (J.S.-S., N.B.); Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clinic (E.R., R.E.) and Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Xarxa de Referència en Tecnologia dels Aliments, Instituto de Investigación en Nutrición y Seguridad Alimentaria (R.M.L.-R.), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, and Primary Care Division of Barcelona. Institut Català de la Salut and IDiap-Jordi Gol, Barcelona, Spain (M.I.C., M.A.M., M. Fitó); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain (J.F.-C.); Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Seville, San Pablo Health Center, Seville, Spain (J.L.); Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain (L.S.-M.); Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital
Dolores
D
Corella
From the Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (M.A.M.-G., E.T., P.B.-C., A.A.); the PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) Research Network (M.A.M.-G., E.T., F.A., J.S.-S., J.F.-C., N.B., P.B.-C., V.R.-G., A.A.) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (M.A.M.-G., E.T., F.A., M. Fiol, D.C., J.S.-S., E.R., M.I.C., J.F.-C., J.L., M.A.M., M. Fitó, L.S.-M., X.P., R.M.L.-R., J.V.S., N.B., P.B.-C., V.R.-G., R.E., A.A.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Alava, Vitoria, Spain (F.A.); Institute of Health Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M.Fiol); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (D.C., J.V.S.); Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Biochemistry Biotechnology Department, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, and Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Reus, Spain (J.S.-S., N.B.); Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clinic (E.R., R.E.) and Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Xarxa de Referència en Tecnologia dels Aliments, Instituto de Investigación en Nutrición y Seguridad Alimentaria (R.M.L.-R.), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, and Primary Care Division of Barcelona. Institut Català de la Salut and IDiap-Jordi Gol, Barcelona, Spain (M.I.C., M.A.M., M. Fitó); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain (J.F.-C.); Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Seville, San Pablo Health Center, Seville, Spain (J.L.); Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain (L.S.-M.); Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital
Jordi
J
Salas-Salvadó
From the Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (M.A.M.-G., E.T., P.B.-C., A.A.); the PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) Research Network (M.A.M.-G., E.T., F.A., J.S.-S., J.F.-C., N.B., P.B.-C., V.R.-G., A.A.) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (M.A.M.-G., E.T., F.A., M. Fiol, D.C., J.S.-S., E.R., M.I.C., J.F.-C., J.L., M.A.M., M. Fitó, L.S.-M., X.P., R.M.L.-R., J.V.S., N.B., P.B.-C., V.R.-G., R.E., A.A.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Alava, Vitoria, Spain (F.A.); Institute of Health Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M.Fiol); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (D.C., J.V.S.); Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Biochemistry Biotechnology Department, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, and Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Reus, Spain (J.S.-S., N.B.); Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clinic (E.R., R.E.) and Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Xarxa de Referència en Tecnologia dels Aliments, Instituto de Investigación en Nutrición y Seguridad Alimentaria (R.M.L.-R.), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, and Primary Care Division of Barcelona. Institut Català de la Salut and IDiap-Jordi Gol, Barcelona, Spain (M.I.C., M.A.M., M. Fitó); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain (J.F.-C.); Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Seville, San Pablo Health Center, Seville, Spain (J.L.); Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain (L.S.-M.); Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital
Emilio
E
Ros
From the Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (M.A.M.-G., E.T., P.B.-C., A.A.); the PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) Research Network (M.A.M.-G., E.T., F.A., J.S.-S., J.F.-C., N.B., P.B.-C., V.R.-G., A.A.) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (M.A.M.-G., E.T., F.A., M. Fiol, D.C., J.S.-S., E.R., M.I.C., J.F.-C., J.L., M.A.M., M. Fitó, L.S.-M., X.P., R.M.L.-R., J.V.S., N.B., P.B.-C., V.R.-G., R.E., A.A.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Alava, Vitoria, Spain (F.A.); Institute of Health Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M.Fiol); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (D.C., J.V.S.); Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Biochemistry Biotechnology Department, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, and Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Reus, Spain (J.S.-S., N.B.); Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clinic (E.R., R.E.) and Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Xarxa de Referència en Tecnologia dels Aliments, Instituto de Investigación en Nutrición y Seguridad Alimentaria (R.M.L.-R.), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, and Primary Care Division of Barcelona. Institut Català de la Salut and IDiap-Jordi Gol, Barcelona, Spain (M.I.C., M.A.M., M. Fitó); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain (J.F.-C.); Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Seville, San Pablo Health Center, Seville, Spain (J.L.); Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain (L.S.-M.); Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital
Maria I
MI
Covas
From the Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (M.A.M.-G., E.T., P.B.-C., A.A.); the PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) Research Network (M.A.M.-G., E.T., F.A., J.S.-S., J.F.-C., N.B., P.B.-C., V.R.-G., A.A.) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (M.A.M.-G., E.T., F.A., M. Fiol, D.C., J.S.-S., E.R., M.I.C., J.F.-C., J.L., M.A.M., M. Fitó, L.S.-M., X.P., R.M.L.-R., J.V.S., N.B., P.B.-C., V.R.-G., R.E., A.A.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Alava, Vitoria, Spain (F.A.); Institute of Health Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M.Fiol); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (D.C., J.V.S.); Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Biochemistry Biotechnology Department, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, and Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Reus, Spain (J.S.-S., N.B.); Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clinic (E.R., R.E.) and Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Xarxa de Referència en Tecnologia dels Aliments, Instituto de Investigación en Nutrición y Seguridad Alimentaria (R.M.L.-R.), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, and Primary Care Division of Barcelona. Institut Català de la Salut and IDiap-Jordi Gol, Barcelona, Spain (M.I.C., M.A.M., M. Fitó); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain (J.F.-C.); Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Seville, San Pablo Health Center, Seville, Spain (J.L.); Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain (L.S.-M.); Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital
Joaquín
J
Fernández-Crehuet
From the Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (M.A.M.-G., E.T., P.B.-C., A.A.); the PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) Research Network (M.A.M.-G., E.T., F.A., J.S.-S., J.F.-C., N.B., P.B.-C., V.R.-G., A.A.) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (M.A.M.-G., E.T., F.A., M. Fiol, D.C., J.S.-S., E.R., M.I.C., J.F.-C., J.L., M.A.M., M. Fitó, L.S.-M., X.P., R.M.L.-R., J.V.S., N.B., P.B.-C., V.R.-G., R.E., A.A.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Alava, Vitoria, Spain (F.A.); Institute of Health Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M.Fiol); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (D.C., J.V.S.); Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Biochemistry Biotechnology Department, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, and Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Reus, Spain (J.S.-S., N.B.); Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clinic (E.R., R.E.) and Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Xarxa de Referència en Tecnologia dels Aliments, Instituto de Investigación en Nutrición y Seguridad Alimentaria (R.M.L.-R.), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, and Primary Care Division of Barcelona. Institut Català de la Salut and IDiap-Jordi Gol, Barcelona, Spain (M.I.C., M.A.M., M. Fitó); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain (J.F.-C.); Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Seville, San Pablo Health Center, Seville, Spain (J.L.); Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain (L.S.-M.); Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital
José
J
Lapetra
From the Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (M.A.M.-G., E.T., P.B.-C., A.A.); the PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) Research Network (M.A.M.-G., E.T., F.A., J.S.-S., J.F.-C., N.B., P.B.-C., V.R.-G., A.A.) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (M.A.M.-G., E.T., F.A., M. Fiol, D.C., J.S.-S., E.R., M.I.C., J.F.-C., J.L., M.A.M., M. Fitó, L.S.-M., X.P., R.M.L.-R., J.V.S., N.B., P.B.-C., V.R.-G., R.E., A.A.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Alava, Vitoria, Spain (F.A.); Institute of Health Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M.Fiol); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (D.C., J.V.S.); Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Biochemistry Biotechnology Department, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, and Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Reus, Spain (J.S.-S., N.B.); Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clinic (E.R., R.E.) and Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Xarxa de Referència en Tecnologia dels Aliments, Instituto de Investigación en Nutrición y Seguridad Alimentaria (R.M.L.-R.), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, and Primary Care Division of Barcelona. Institut Català de la Salut and IDiap-Jordi Gol, Barcelona, Spain (M.I.C., M.A.M., M. Fitó); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain (J.F.-C.); Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Seville, San Pablo Health Center, Seville, Spain (J.L.); Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain (L.S.-M.); Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital
Miguel A
MA
Muñoz
From the Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (M.A.M.-G., E.T., P.B.-C., A.A.); the PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) Research Network (M.A.M.-G., E.T., F.A., J.S.-S., J.F.-C., N.B., P.B.-C., V.R.-G., A.A.) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (M.A.M.-G., E.T., F.A., M. Fiol, D.C., J.S.-S., E.R., M.I.C., J.F.-C., J.L., M.A.M., M. Fitó, L.S.-M., X.P., R.M.L.-R., J.V.S., N.B., P.B.-C., V.R.-G., R.E., A.A.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Alava, Vitoria, Spain (F.A.); Institute of Health Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M.Fiol); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (D.C., J.V.S.); Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Biochemistry Biotechnology Department, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, and Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Reus, Spain (J.S.-S., N.B.); Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clinic (E.R., R.E.) and Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Xarxa de Referència en Tecnologia dels Aliments, Instituto de Investigación en Nutrición y Seguridad Alimentaria (R.M.L.-R.), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, and Primary Care Division of Barcelona. Institut Català de la Salut and IDiap-Jordi Gol, Barcelona, Spain (M.I.C., M.A.M., M. Fitó); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain (J.F.-C.); Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Seville, San Pablo Health Center, Seville, Spain (J.L.); Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain (L.S.-M.); Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital
Monserrat
M
Fitó
From the Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (M.A.M.-G., E.T., P.B.-C., A.A.); the PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) Research Network (M.A.M.-G., E.T., F.A., J.S.-S., J.F.-C., N.B., P.B.-C., V.R.-G., A.A.) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (M.A.M.-G., E.T., F.A., M. Fiol, D.C., J.S.-S., E.R., M.I.C., J.F.-C., J.L., M.A.M., M. Fitó, L.S.-M., X.P., R.M.L.-R., J.V.S., N.B., P.B.-C., V.R.-G., R.E., A.A.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Alava, Vitoria, Spain (F.A.); Institute of Health Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M.Fiol); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (D.C., J.V.S.); Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Biochemistry Biotechnology Department, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, and Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Reus, Spain (J.S.-S., N.B.); Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clinic (E.R., R.E.) and Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Xarxa de Referència en Tecnologia dels Aliments, Instituto de Investigación en Nutrición y Seguridad Alimentaria (R.M.L.-R.), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, and Primary Care Division of Barcelona. Institut Català de la Salut and IDiap-Jordi Gol, Barcelona, Spain (M.I.C., M.A.M., M. Fitó); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain (J.F.-C.); Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Seville, San Pablo Health Center, Seville, Spain (J.L.); Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain (L.S.-M.); Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital
Luis
L
Serra-Majem
From the Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (M.A.M.-G., E.T., P.B.-C., A.A.); the PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) Research Network (M.A.M.-G., E.T., F.A., J.S.-S., J.F.-C., N.B., P.B.-C., V.R.-G., A.A.) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (M.A.M.-G., E.T., F.A., M. Fiol, D.C., J.S.-S., E.R., M.I.C., J.F.-C., J.L., M.A.M., M. Fitó, L.S.-M., X.P., R.M.L.-R., J.V.S., N.B., P.B.-C., V.R.-G., R.E., A.A.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Alava, Vitoria, Spain (F.A.); Institute of Health Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M.Fiol); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (D.C., J.V.S.); Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Biochemistry Biotechnology Department, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, and Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Reus, Spain (J.S.-S., N.B.); Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clinic (E.R., R.E.) and Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Xarxa de Referència en Tecnologia dels Aliments, Instituto de Investigación en Nutrición y Seguridad Alimentaria (R.M.L.-R.), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, and Primary Care Division of Barcelona. Institut Català de la Salut and IDiap-Jordi Gol, Barcelona, Spain (M.I.C., M.A.M., M. Fitó); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain (J.F.-C.); Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Seville, San Pablo Health Center, Seville, Spain (J.L.); Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain (L.S.-M.); Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital
Xavier
X
Pintó
From the Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (M.A.M.-G., E.T., P.B.-C., A.A.); the PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) Research Network (M.A.M.-G., E.T., F.A., J.S.-S., J.F.-C., N.B., P.B.-C., V.R.-G., A.A.) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (M.A.M.-G., E.T., F.A., M. Fiol, D.C., J.S.-S., E.R., M.I.C., J.F.-C., J.L., M.A.M., M. Fitó, L.S.-M., X.P., R.M.L.-R., J.V.S., N.B., P.B.-C., V.R.-G., R.E., A.A.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Alava, Vitoria, Spain (F.A.); Institute of Health Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M.Fiol); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (D.C., J.V.S.); Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Biochemistry Biotechnology Department, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, and Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Reus, Spain (J.S.-S., N.B.); Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clinic (E.R., R.E.) and Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Xarxa de Referència en Tecnologia dels Aliments, Instituto de Investigación en Nutrición y Seguridad Alimentaria (R.M.L.-R.), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, and Primary Care Division of Barcelona. Institut Català de la Salut and IDiap-Jordi Gol, Barcelona, Spain (M.I.C., M.A.M., M. Fitó); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain (J.F.-C.); Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Seville, San Pablo Health Center, Seville, Spain (J.L.); Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain (L.S.-M.); Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital
Rosa M
RM
Lamuela-Raventós
From the Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (M.A.M.-G., E.T., P.B.-C., A.A.); the PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) Research Network (M.A.M.-G., E.T., F.A., J.S.-S., J.F.-C., N.B., P.B.-C., V.R.-G., A.A.) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (M.A.M.-G., E.T., F.A., M. Fiol, D.C., J.S.-S., E.R., M.I.C., J.F.-C., J.L., M.A.M., M. Fitó, L.S.-M., X.P., R.M.L.-R., J.V.S., N.B., P.B.-C., V.R.-G., R.E., A.A.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Alava, Vitoria, Spain (F.A.); Institute of Health Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M.Fiol); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (D.C., J.V.S.); Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Biochemistry Biotechnology Department, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, and Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Reus, Spain (J.S.-S., N.B.); Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clinic (E.R., R.E.) and Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Xarxa de Referència en Tecnologia dels Aliments, Instituto de Investigación en Nutrición y Seguridad Alimentaria (R.M.L.-R.), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, and Primary Care Division of Barcelona. Institut Català de la Salut and IDiap-Jordi Gol, Barcelona, Spain (M.I.C., M.A.M., M. Fitó); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain (J.F.-C.); Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Seville, San Pablo Health Center, Seville, Spain (J.L.); Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain (L.S.-M.); Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital
Jose V
JV
Sorlí
From the Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (M.A.M.-G., E.T., P.B.-C., A.A.); the PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) Research Network (M.A.M.-G., E.T., F.A., J.S.-S., J.F.-C., N.B., P.B.-C., V.R.-G., A.A.) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (M.A.M.-G., E.T., F.A., M. Fiol, D.C., J.S.-S., E.R., M.I.C., J.F.-C., J.L., M.A.M., M. Fitó, L.S.-M., X.P., R.M.L.-R., J.V.S., N.B., P.B.-C., V.R.-G., R.E., A.A.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Alava, Vitoria, Spain (F.A.); Institute of Health Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M.Fiol); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (D.C., J.V.S.); Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Biochemistry Biotechnology Department, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, and Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Reus, Spain (J.S.-S., N.B.); Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clinic (E.R., R.E.) and Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Xarxa de Referència en Tecnologia dels Aliments, Instituto de Investigación en Nutrición y Seguridad Alimentaria (R.M.L.-R.), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, and Primary Care Division of Barcelona. Institut Català de la Salut and IDiap-Jordi Gol, Barcelona, Spain (M.I.C., M.A.M., M. Fitó); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain (J.F.-C.); Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Seville, San Pablo Health Center, Seville, Spain (J.L.); Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain (L.S.-M.); Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital
Nancy
N
Babio
From the Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (M.A.M.-G., E.T., P.B.-C., A.A.); the PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) Research Network (M.A.M.-G., E.T., F.A., J.S.-S., J.F.-C., N.B., P.B.-C., V.R.-G., A.A.) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (M.A.M.-G., E.T., F.A., M. Fiol, D.C., J.S.-S., E.R., M.I.C., J.F.-C., J.L., M.A.M., M. Fitó, L.S.-M., X.P., R.M.L.-R., J.V.S., N.B., P.B.-C., V.R.-G., R.E., A.A.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Alava, Vitoria, Spain (F.A.); Institute of Health Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M.Fiol); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (D.C., J.V.S.); Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Biochemistry Biotechnology Department, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, and Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Reus, Spain (J.S.-S., N.B.); Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clinic (E.R., R.E.) and Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Xarxa de Referència en Tecnologia dels Aliments, Instituto de Investigación en Nutrición y Seguridad Alimentaria (R.M.L.-R.), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, and Primary Care Division of Barcelona. Institut Català de la Salut and IDiap-Jordi Gol, Barcelona, Spain (M.I.C., M.A.M., M. Fitó); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain (J.F.-C.); Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Seville, San Pablo Health Center, Seville, Spain (J.L.); Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain (L.S.-M.); Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital
Pilar
P
Buil-Cosiales
From the Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (M.A.M.-G., E.T., P.B.-C., A.A.); the PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) Research Network (M.A.M.-G., E.T., F.A., J.S.-S., J.F.-C., N.B., P.B.-C., V.R.-G., A.A.) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (M.A.M.-G., E.T., F.A., M. Fiol, D.C., J.S.-S., E.R., M.I.C., J.F.-C., J.L., M.A.M., M. Fitó, L.S.-M., X.P., R.M.L.-R., J.V.S., N.B., P.B.-C., V.R.-G., R.E., A.A.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Alava, Vitoria, Spain (F.A.); Institute of Health Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M.Fiol); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (D.C., J.V.S.); Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Biochemistry Biotechnology Department, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, and Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Reus, Spain (J.S.-S., N.B.); Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clinic (E.R., R.E.) and Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Xarxa de Referència en Tecnologia dels Aliments, Instituto de Investigación en Nutrición y Seguridad Alimentaria (R.M.L.-R.), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, and Primary Care Division of Barcelona. Institut Català de la Salut and IDiap-Jordi Gol, Barcelona, Spain (M.I.C., M.A.M., M. Fitó); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain (J.F.-C.); Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Seville, San Pablo Health Center, Seville, Spain (J.L.); Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain (L.S.-M.); Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital
Valentina
V
Ruiz-Gutierrez
From the Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (M.A.M.-G., E.T., P.B.-C., A.A.); the PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) Research Network (M.A.M.-G., E.T., F.A., J.S.-S., J.F.-C., N.B., P.B.-C., V.R.-G., A.A.) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (M.A.M.-G., E.T., F.A., M. Fiol, D.C., J.S.-S., E.R., M.I.C., J.F.-C., J.L., M.A.M., M. Fitó, L.S.-M., X.P., R.M.L.-R., J.V.S., N.B., P.B.-C., V.R.-G., R.E., A.A.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Alava, Vitoria, Spain (F.A.); Institute of Health Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M.Fiol); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (D.C., J.V.S.); Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Biochemistry Biotechnology Department, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, and Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Reus, Spain (J.S.-S., N.B.); Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clinic (E.R., R.E.) and Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Xarxa de Referència en Tecnologia dels Aliments, Instituto de Investigación en Nutrición y Seguridad Alimentaria (R.M.L.-R.), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, and Primary Care Division of Barcelona. Institut Català de la Salut and IDiap-Jordi Gol, Barcelona, Spain (M.I.C., M.A.M., M. Fitó); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain (J.F.-C.); Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Seville, San Pablo Health Center, Seville, Spain (J.L.); Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain (L.S.-M.); Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital
Ramón
R
Estruch
From the Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (M.A.M.-G., E.T., P.B.-C., A.A.); the PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) Research Network (M.A.M.-G., E.T., F.A., J.S.-S., J.F.-C., N.B., P.B.-C., V.R.-G., A.A.) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (M.A.M.-G., E.T., F.A., M. Fiol, D.C., J.S.-S., E.R., M.I.C., J.F.-C., J.L., M.A.M., M. Fitó, L.S.-M., X.P., R.M.L.-R., J.V.S., N.B., P.B.-C., V.R.-G., R.E., A.A.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Alava, Vitoria, Spain (F.A.); Institute of Health Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M.Fiol); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (D.C., J.V.S.); Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Biochemistry Biotechnology Department, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, and Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Reus, Spain (J.S.-S., N.B.); Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clinic (E.R., R.E.) and Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Xarxa de Referència en Tecnologia dels Aliments, Instituto de Investigación en Nutrición y Seguridad Alimentaria (R.M.L.-R.), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, and Primary Care Division of Barcelona. Institut Català de la Salut and IDiap-Jordi Gol, Barcelona, Spain (M.I.C., M.A.M., M. Fitó); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain (J.F.-C.); Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Seville, San Pablo Health Center, Seville, Spain (J.L.); Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain (L.S.-M.); Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital
Alvaro
A
Alonso
D000368:Aged; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018752:Diet, Fat-Restricted; D038441:Diet, Mediterranean; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007249:Inflammation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009754:Nuts; D000069463:Olive Oil; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010938:Plant Oils; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012306:Risk; D012307:Risk Factors; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D004041:Dietary Fats; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010938:Plant Oils
antioxidants; arrhythmia; atrial fibrillation; diet; epidemiology; fatty acids, monounsaturated; inflammation