Potential toxic effect of trifloxystrobin on cellular microstructure, mRNA expression and antioxidant enzymes in Chlorella vulgaris.
This study investigated the effects of trifloxystrobin that one strobilurin used widely in the world as an effective fungicidal agent to control Asian soybean rust on aquatic unicellular algae Chlorella vulgaris. We determined the potential toxic effect of trifloxystrobin on C. vulgaris, and found median inhibition concentration (IC(50)) value 255.58 (95% confidence interval, 207.81-330.29)μgL(-1). In addition, the algal cells were obviously depressed or shrunk at different concentrations by electron microscopy. In the study, a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay showed changes in transcript abundances of three photosynthetic genes, psaB, psbC, and rbcL, and one energy gene, ATPs. The results showed that trifloxystrobin reduced the transcript abundances of the three genes and enhanced expression of ATPs after 48 and 96 h. The lowest abundances of psaB, psbC and rbcL transcripts in response to trifloxystrobin exposure were 58%, 79% and 60% of those of the control, respectively. For the potential toxic influences, trifloxystrobin could decrease the soluble protein and total antioxidant contents (T-AOC), and increase superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activity with a gradual concentration-response relationship. Overall, the present study demonstrated that trifloxystrobin could affect the activities of antioxidant enzymes, disrupts photosynthesis in C. vulgaris, and damage cellular structure.
College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
Yu-Feng
YF
Shen
College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
Lei
L
Liu
College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
Yu-Xin
YX
Gong
College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
Bin
B
Zhu
College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
Guang-Lu
GL
Liu
College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China. Electronic address: wanggaoxue@126.com.
Gao-Xue
GX
Wang
D000085:Acetates / Q000633:toxicity*; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D048408:Chlorella vulgaris / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D025222:Chloroplast Proton-Translocating ATPases / Q000235:genetics; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects; D007097:Imines / Q000633:toxicity*; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000633:toxicity; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010544:Peroxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D045331:Photosystem I Protein Complex / Q000235:genetics; D045332:Photosystem II Protein Complex / Q000235:genetics; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012273:Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase / Q000235:genetics; D000073739:Strobilurins; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
D000085:Acetates; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D007097:Imines; D008689:Methacrylates; D045331:Photosystem I Protein Complex; D045332:Photosystem II Protein Complex; D010940:Plant Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000073739:Strobilurins; C089909:photosystem I, psaB subunit; D010544:Peroxidases; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D025222:Chloroplast Proton-Translocating ATPases; C101625:RbcL protein, plastid; D012273:Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase; C467051:trifloxystrobin
Chlorella vulgaris; Microstructure; Oxidative damage; Trifloxystrobin