Surface EMG activity during REM sleep in Parkinson's disease correlates with disease severity.
OBJECTIVE
Over 40% of individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) have rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD). This is associated with excessive sustained (tonic) or intermittent (phasic) muscle activity instead of the muscle atonia normally seen during REM sleep. We examined characteristics of manually-quantitated surface EMG activity in PD to ascertain whether the extent of muscle activity during REM sleep is associated with specific clinical features and measures of disease severity.


METHODS
In a convenience sample of outpatients with idiopathic PD, REM sleep behavior disorder was diagnosed based on clinical history and polysomnogram, and severity was measured using the RBD sleep questionnaire. Surface EMG activity in the mentalis, extensor muscle group of the forearms, and anterior tibialis was manually quantitated. Percentage of REM time with excessive tonic or phasic muscle activity was calculated and compared across PD and RBD characteristics.


RESULTS
Among 65 patients, 31 had confirmed RBD. In univariate analyses, higher amounts of surface EMG activity were associated with longer PD disease duration (srho = 0.34; p = 0.006) and greater disease severity (p < 0.001). In a multivariate regression model, surface EMG activity was significantly associated with RBD severity (p < 0.001) after adjustment for age, PD disease duration, PD severity and co-morbid sleep abnormalities.


CONCLUSIONS
Surface EMG activity during REM sleep was associated with severity of both PD and RBD. This measure may be useful as a PD biomarker and, if confirmed, may aid in determining which PD patients warrant treatment for their dream enactment to reduce risk of injury.
Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Electronic address: lamachahine@hotmail.com.
Lama M
LM
Chahine
Division of Sleep Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Shilpa R
SR
Kauta
Birmingham VA Medical Center and Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Joseph T
JT
Daley
Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Charles R
CR
Cantor
Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Nabila
N
Dahodwala
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004576:Electromyography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017286:Polysomnography / Q000379:methods; D020187:REM Sleep Behavior Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016037:Single-Blind Method
Parkinson's disease; REM sleep behavior disorder; REM sleep without atonia; Surface EMG activity