Helicobacter pylori isolates from ethnic minority patients in Guangxi: resistance rates, mechanisms, and genotype.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the rate of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) resistance to clarithromycin among ethnic minority patients in Guangxi, explore the underlying mechanisms, and analyze factors influencing genotype distribution of H. pylori isolates.


METHODS
H. pylori strains were isolated, cultured and subjected to drug sensitivity testing. The 23S rRNA gene of H. pylori isolates was amplified by PCR and analyzed by PCR-RFLP and direct sequencing to detect point mutations. REP-PCR was used for genotyping of H. pylori isolates, and NTsys_2 software was used for clustering analysis based on REP-PCR DNA fingerprints. Factors potentially influencing genotype distribution of H. pylori isolates were analyzed.


RESULTS
The rate of clarithromycin resistance was 31.3%. A2143G and A2144G mutations were detected in the 23S rRNA gene of all clarithromycin-resistant H. pylori isolates. At a genetic distance of 78%, clarithromycin-resistant H. pylori isolates could be divided into six groups. Significant clustering was noted among H. pylori isolates from patients with peptic ulcer or gastritis.


CONCLUSIONS
The rate of clarithromycin resistance is relatively high in ethnic minority patients in Guangxi. Main mechanisms of clarithromycin resistance are A2143G and A2144G mutations in the 23S rRNA gene. Clarithromycin-resistant H. pylori isolates can be divided into six groups based on REP-PCR DNA fingerprints. Several factors such as disease type may influence the genotype distribution of H. pylori isolates.
Li-Juan Zhao, Yan-Qiang Huang, Bing-Pu Chen, Xiao-Qiang Mo, Zan-Song Huang, Xiao-Feng Huang, Lian-Deng Wei, Hong-Yu Wei, Yuan-Hong Chen, Hua-Ying Tang, Gan-Rong Huang, Yan-Chun Qin, Xiao-Hua Li, Lu-Yao Wang, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, You Jiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
Li-Juan
LJ
Zhao
Li-Juan Zhao, Yan-Qiang Huang, Bing-Pu Chen, Xiao-Qiang Mo, Zan-Song Huang, Xiao-Feng Huang, Lian-Deng Wei, Hong-Yu Wei, Yuan-Hong Chen, Hua-Ying Tang, Gan-Rong Huang, Yan-Chun Qin, Xiao-Hua Li, Lu-Yao Wang, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, You Jiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
Yan-Qiang
YQ
Huang
Li-Juan Zhao, Yan-Qiang Huang, Bing-Pu Chen, Xiao-Qiang Mo, Zan-Song Huang, Xiao-Feng Huang, Lian-Deng Wei, Hong-Yu Wei, Yuan-Hong Chen, Hua-Ying Tang, Gan-Rong Huang, Yan-Chun Qin, Xiao-Hua Li, Lu-Yao Wang, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, You Jiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
Bing-Pu
BP
Chen
Li-Juan Zhao, Yan-Qiang Huang, Bing-Pu Chen, Xiao-Qiang Mo, Zan-Song Huang, Xiao-Feng Huang, Lian-Deng Wei, Hong-Yu Wei, Yuan-Hong Chen, Hua-Ying Tang, Gan-Rong Huang, Yan-Chun Qin, Xiao-Hua Li, Lu-Yao Wang, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, You Jiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
Xiao-Qiang
XQ
Mo
Li-Juan Zhao, Yan-Qiang Huang, Bing-Pu Chen, Xiao-Qiang Mo, Zan-Song Huang, Xiao-Feng Huang, Lian-Deng Wei, Hong-Yu Wei, Yuan-Hong Chen, Hua-Ying Tang, Gan-Rong Huang, Yan-Chun Qin, Xiao-Hua Li, Lu-Yao Wang, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, You Jiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
Zan-Song
ZS
Huang
Li-Juan Zhao, Yan-Qiang Huang, Bing-Pu Chen, Xiao-Qiang Mo, Zan-Song Huang, Xiao-Feng Huang, Lian-Deng Wei, Hong-Yu Wei, Yuan-Hong Chen, Hua-Ying Tang, Gan-Rong Huang, Yan-Chun Qin, Xiao-Hua Li, Lu-Yao Wang, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, You Jiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
Xiao-Feng
XF
Huang
Li-Juan Zhao, Yan-Qiang Huang, Bing-Pu Chen, Xiao-Qiang Mo, Zan-Song Huang, Xiao-Feng Huang, Lian-Deng Wei, Hong-Yu Wei, Yuan-Hong Chen, Hua-Ying Tang, Gan-Rong Huang, Yan-Chun Qin, Xiao-Hua Li, Lu-Yao Wang, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, You Jiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
Lian-Deng
LD
Wei
Li-Juan Zhao, Yan-Qiang Huang, Bing-Pu Chen, Xiao-Qiang Mo, Zan-Song Huang, Xiao-Feng Huang, Lian-Deng Wei, Hong-Yu Wei, Yuan-Hong Chen, Hua-Ying Tang, Gan-Rong Huang, Yan-Chun Qin, Xiao-Hua Li, Lu-Yao Wang, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, You Jiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
Hong-Yu
HY
Wei
Li-Juan Zhao, Yan-Qiang Huang, Bing-Pu Chen, Xiao-Qiang Mo, Zan-Song Huang, Xiao-Feng Huang, Lian-Deng Wei, Hong-Yu Wei, Yuan-Hong Chen, Hua-Ying Tang, Gan-Rong Huang, Yan-Chun Qin, Xiao-Hua Li, Lu-Yao Wang, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, You Jiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
Yuan-Hong
YH
Chen
Li-Juan Zhao, Yan-Qiang Huang, Bing-Pu Chen, Xiao-Qiang Mo, Zan-Song Huang, Xiao-Feng Huang, Lian-Deng Wei, Hong-Yu Wei, Yuan-Hong Chen, Hua-Ying Tang, Gan-Rong Huang, Yan-Chun Qin, Xiao-Hua Li, Lu-Yao Wang, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, You Jiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
Hua-Ying
HY
Tang
Li-Juan Zhao, Yan-Qiang Huang, Bing-Pu Chen, Xiao-Qiang Mo, Zan-Song Huang, Xiao-Feng Huang, Lian-Deng Wei, Hong-Yu Wei, Yuan-Hong Chen, Hua-Ying Tang, Gan-Rong Huang, Yan-Chun Qin, Xiao-Hua Li, Lu-Yao Wang, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, You Jiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
Gan-Rong
GR
Huang
Li-Juan Zhao, Yan-Qiang Huang, Bing-Pu Chen, Xiao-Qiang Mo, Zan-Song Huang, Xiao-Feng Huang, Lian-Deng Wei, Hong-Yu Wei, Yuan-Hong Chen, Hua-Ying Tang, Gan-Rong Huang, Yan-Chun Qin, Xiao-Hua Li, Lu-Yao Wang, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, You Jiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
Yan-Chun
YC
Qin
Li-Juan Zhao, Yan-Qiang Huang, Bing-Pu Chen, Xiao-Qiang Mo, Zan-Song Huang, Xiao-Feng Huang, Lian-Deng Wei, Hong-Yu Wei, Yuan-Hong Chen, Hua-Ying Tang, Gan-Rong Huang, Yan-Chun Qin, Xiao-Hua Li, Lu-Yao Wang, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, You Jiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
Xiao-Hua
XH
Li
Li-Juan Zhao, Yan-Qiang Huang, Bing-Pu Chen, Xiao-Qiang Mo, Zan-Song Huang, Xiao-Feng Huang, Lian-Deng Wei, Hong-Yu Wei, Yuan-Hong Chen, Hua-Ying Tang, Gan-Rong Huang, Yan-Chun Qin, Xiao-Hua Li, Lu-Yao Wang, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, You Jiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
Lu-Yao
LY
Wang
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D044466:Asian People; D001483:Base Sequence; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D017291:Clarithromycin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005756:Gastritis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000208:ethnology / Q000382:microbiology*; D005838:Genotype; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000208:ethnology / Q000382:microbiology*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D008913:Minority Groups; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D010437:Peptic Ulcer / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000208:ethnology / Q000382:microbiology*; D010641:Phenotype; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D021521:Ribotyping; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D017291:Clarithromycin
Antibiotic resistance; Clarithromycin; Genotype; Helicobacter pylori; Mechanism