The morphology and clinical significance of the dorsal meningovertebra ligaments in the cervical epidural space.
BACKGROUND
The dural sac is anchored within the vertebral canal by connective tissue called meningovertebral ligaments in the epidural space. During flavectomy and laminectomy, inadvertent disruption of the dorsal meningovertebral ligaments may lead to dura laceration and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks. All the described dorsal meningovertebral ligaments were located in the lumbar region. A rare study is available about dorsal meningovertebral ligaments of the cervical spinal dura to the adjacent vertebrae.


OBJECTIVE
To identify and describe the dorsal meningovertebral ligaments at each cervical level and discuss their clinical significance.


METHODS
A dissection-based study of 22 embalmed cadavers.


METHODS
The anatomy was studied in 22 whole cervical cadavers (11 females, 11 males), prepared with formaldehyde, whose ages at the time of death ranged from 55 to 78 years. The vertebral canal was divided to expose the dural sac and the spinal nerve roots. At all levels of the cervical vertebra, the morphology, quantity, origin, insertion, and spatial orientation of the dorsal meningovertebral ligaments were determined and the length, width or diameter, and thickness of the ligaments were measured with vernier calipers.


RESULTS
The dorsal meningovertebral ligaments in the cervical region anchored the posterior dural sac to the ligamentum flavum or laminae. The number of attachment points on the ligamentum flavum was relatively larger than that on the lamina, and the occurrence rate of dorsal meningovertebral ligaments was 100% at C1-C2 and C4--C5. The thickest ligaments were observed at the C1 and C2 vertebrae. The length of the ligaments varied from 1.50 to 35.22 mm, and the orientation of the ligaments mostly was craniocaudal. The morphology of the dorsal meningovertebral ligaments was divided into four types: strip type, cord type, grid type, and thin slice type.


CONCLUSIONS
In the cervical spine, the dorsal meningovertebral ligaments exist between the posterior dural sac and the ligamentum flavum or lamina. The dorsal meningovertebral ligaments may be of clinical importance to surgeons. Dissecting the dorsal meningovertebral ligaments before the cervical flavectomy and laminectomy may be an important step in reducing postoperative dura laceration and CSF leaks, which may result in significant benefits for patients and health-care organizations.
Department of Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Gongye Rd, 510282 Guangzhou, China.
Benchao
B
Shi
Anatomical Institute of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Southern Medical University, TongHe 510515 Guangzhou, China.
Xuefeng
X
Zheng
Department of Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Gongye Rd, 510282 Guangzhou, China.
Shaoxiong
S
Min
Department of Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Gongye Rd, 510282 Guangzhou, China.
Zhilai
Z
Zhou
Anatomical Institute of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Southern Medical University, TongHe 510515 Guangzhou, China. Electronic address: dingzih@163.com.
Zihai
Z
Ding
Department of Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Gongye Rd, 510282 Guangzhou, China. Electronic address: jinanmin2013@163.com.
Anmin
A
Jin
D000368:Aged; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D004388:Dura Mater / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D004824:Epidural Space / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008022:Ligaments / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D017843:Ligamentum Flavum / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013126:Spinal Nerve Roots / Q000033:anatomy & histology*
Cervical region; Dura laceration; Dural sac; Lamina; The ligamentum flavum; The meningovertebral ligaments