Kin recognition by roots occurs in cycads and probably in conifers.
Kin recognition by the roots of Cycas edentata was recently demonstrated. Our extensive literature search revealed this to be the first report of kin recognition in any spermatophyte other than angiosperms. Based on this new validation that the phenomenon occurs among phylogenetically diverse taxa, we conclude that kin recognition by roots may be an ancient phenomenon.
Root
R
Gorelick
Thomas E
TE
Marler
Cycadaceae; Cycadales; altruism; ancient traits; kin recognition