[Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder].
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common childhood psychiatric disorders and can persist into the adulthood. ADHD has important social, academic and occupational consequences. ADHD diagnosis is based on the fulfillment of several clinical criteria, which can vary depending on the diagnostic system used. The clinical presentation can show great between-patient variability and it has been related to a dysfunction in the fronto-striatal and meso-limbic circuits. Recent investigations support a model in which multiple genetic and environmental factors interact to create a neurobiological susceptibility to develop the disorder. However, no clear causal association has yet been identified. Although multimodal treatment including both pharmacological and psychosocial interventions is usually recommended, no convincing evidence exists to support this recommendation. Pharmacological treatment has fundamentally shown to improve ADHD symptoms in the short term, while efficacy data for psychosocial interventions are scarce and inconsistent. Yet, drug treatment is increasingly popular and the last 2 decades have witnessed a sharp increase in the prescription of anti-ADHD medications coinciding with the marketing of new drugs to treat ADHD.
Unitat d'Hospitalització Psiquiàtrica Penitenciària, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, España. Electronic address: rcunill@pssjd.org.
Ruth
R
Cunill
Departament de Ciències Mèdiques, Universitat de Girona, Grupo de investigación TransLab, Girona, España.
Xavier
X
Castells
D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D002491:Central Nervous System Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D006801:Humans; D058765:Neurofeedback; D011613:Psychotherapy
D002491:Central Nervous System Agents
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Diagnosis; Diagnóstico; Neurobiology; Neurobiología; Pharmacological treatment; Psychosocial treatment; Review; Revisión; Trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad; Tratamiento farmacológico; Tratamiento psicosocial