Effect of endodontic cement on bone mineral density using serial dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.
BACKGROUND
Materials with new compositions were tested in order to develop dental materials with better properties. Calcium silicate-based cements, including white mineral trioxide aggregate (WMTA), may improve osteopromotion because of their composition. Nano-modified cements may help researchers produce ideal root-end filling materials. Serial dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry measurement was used to evaluate the effects of particle size and the addition of tricalcium aluminate (C3A) to a type of mineral trioxide aggregate-based cement on bone mineral density and the surrounding tissues in the mandible of rabbits.


METHODS
Forty mature male rabbits (N = 40) were anesthetized, and a bone defect measuring 7 × 1 × 1 mm was created on the semimandible. The rabbits were divided into 2 groups, which were subdivided into 5 subgroups with 4 animals each based on the defect filled by the following: Nano-WMTA (patent application #13/211.880), WMTA (as standard), WMTA without C3A, Nano-WMTA + 2% Nano-C3A (Fujindonjnan Industrial Co, Ltd, Fujindonjnan Xiamen, China), and a control group. Twenty and forty days postoperatively, the animals were sacrificed, and the semimandibles were removed for DXA measurement.


RESULTS
The Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Mann-Whitney U test showed significant differences between the groups at a significance level of P < .05. P values calculated by the Kruskal-Wallis test were .002 for bone mineral density at both intervals and P20 day = .004 and P40 day = .005 for bone mineral content.


CONCLUSIONS
This study showed that bone regeneration was enhanced by reducing the particle size (nano-modified) and C3A mixture. This may relate to the existence of an external supply of minerals and a larger surface area of nano-modified material, which may lead to faster release rate of Ca(2+), inducing bone formation. Adding Nano-C3A to Nano-WMTA may improve bone regeneration properties.
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.
Mohammad Ali
MA
Saghiri
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
Jafar
J
Orangi
Stem Cell and Transgenic Technology Research Center, Pharmacology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Electronic address: Nader@karcd.org.
Nader
N
Tanideh
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
Kamal
K
Janghorban
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.
Nader
N
Sheibani
D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon / Q000379:methods*; D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects*; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000187:drug effects; D008336:Mandibular Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010087:Oxides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010316:Particle Size; D011817:Rabbits; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017640:Silicates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013997:Time Factors
D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D004338:Drug Combinations; D010087:Oxides; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D017640:Silicates; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate; C035219:calcium aluminate
Bone healing; bone mineral density; nano–tricalcium aluminate; serial dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry; white mineral trioxide aggregate