An in vitro toxicity evaluation of gold-, PLLA- and PCL-coated silica nanoparticles in neuronal cells for nanoparticle-assisted laser-tissue soldering.
The uptake of silica (Si) and gold (Au) nanoparticles (NPs) engineered for laser-tissue soldering in the brain was investigated using microglial cells and undifferentiated and differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. It is not known what effects NPs elicit once entering the brain. Cellular uptake, cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and the potential induction of oxidative stress by means of depletion of glutathione levels were determined after NP exposure at concentrations of 10(3) and 10(9)NPs/ml. Au-, silica poly (ε-caprolactone) (Si-PCL-) and silica poly-L-lactide (Si-PLLA)-NPs were taken up by all cells investigated. Aggregates and single NPs were found in membrane-surrounded vacuoles and the cytoplasm, but not in the nucleus. Both NP concentrations investigated did not result in cytotoxicity or apoptosis, but reduced glutathione (GSH) levels predominantly at 6 and 24h, but not after 12 h of NP exposure in the microglial cells. NP exposure-induced GSH depletion was concentration-dependent in both cell lines. Si-PCL-NPs induced the strongest effect of GSH depletion followed by Si-PLLA-NPs and Au-NPs. NP size seems to be an important characteristic for this effect. Overall, Au-NPs are most promising for laser-assisted vascular soldering in the brain. Further studies are necessary to further evaluate possible effects of these NPs in neuronal cells.
Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty University Bern, Länggassstrasse 124, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
Franziska
F
Koch
Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty University Bern, Länggassstrasse 124, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
Anja-M
AM
Möller
Institute of Applied Physics, University Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
Martin
M
Frenz
School of Life Sciences, Gruendenstrasse 40, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland.
Uwe
U
Pieles
Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty University Bern, Laenggassstrasse 120, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
Kathrin
K
Kuehni-Boghenbor
Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty University Bern, Länggassstrasse 124, 3012 Bern, Switzerland. Electronic address: meike.mevissen@vetsuisse.unibe.ch.
Meike
M
Mevissen
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001921:Brain / Q000601:surgery; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D007834:Lasers; D051379:Mice; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011091:Polyesters / Q000737:chemistry; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*
D011091:Polyesters; C016240:polycaprolactone; C033616:poly(lactide); D006046:Gold; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D005978:Glutathione
Gold; Nanoparticle; Neuronal cells; Neurotoxicity; Oxidative stress; Silica