[Outcome and prognostic factors of 125 loco-regionally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma treated with multi-modality treatment].
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the treatment outcome of loco-regionally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (LA-SCCHN) after been treated with multi-modality approach since 2005 in our hospital and to explore the prognostic factors for treatment outcomes.


METHODS
Clinical data of 125 postoperative LA-SCCHN patients treated in our department with radiotherapy/chemoradiotherapy from May 2005 to December 2011 were collected and reviewed in this study. The radiotherapy technique was intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) (93.6%) and a minority of patients received 3D-conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT).


RESULTS
Up to January 6th, 2013, 124 patients were followed up with a median follow-up duration of 25 months. The 3-year overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), loco-regional control (LRC), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) were 69.7%, 56.1%, 80.8%, and 73.1%, respectively. A total of 37 patients died during the follow-up period. Among the 43 patients presented with treatment failure, 13 patients had loco-regional relapse, 20 patients had distant metastasis and 10 patients presented with both loco-regional and distant relapses. Distant metastasis accounted for the predominant cause of death. Lung and mediastinal lymph nodes are the most common sites involved by distant metastasis.Univariate analysis indicated that patients who underwent non-radical surgery, with larger size of invaded lymph nodes, higher N stage (N2b and above) and vascular tumor embolism had a lower OS (P = 0.001, 0.000, 0.032, 0.007, respectively). Patients who underwent neck dissection only, or those with higher N stage (N2b and above) or higher TNM stage or vascular tumor thrombi had higher distant metastasis rates (P = 0.017, 0.002, 0.008, 0.001, respectively). The multivariate analysis showed that non-radical surgery was an independent prognostic factor for OS (P = 0.001), larger size of invaded lymph nodes was an independent prognostic factor for poorer LRC (P = 0.001); higher N stage (N2b and above) or T4 stage and vascular tumor thrombi were independent prognostic factors for poorer distant metastasis-free survival (P = 0.035, 0.008 and 0.050, respectively).


CONCLUSIONS
Our results indicate that multi-modality treatment for LA-SCCHN has achieved better outcome than before. Distant metastasis has become the predominant pattern of failure as well as the primary cause of death instead of loco-regional relapse as a result of improved local control modality. More efforts should be made to decrease the rate of distant metastasis in the future.
Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical Colloge Fudan University; Shanghai 200032, China.
Wei
W
Qian
Email: antica@gmail.com.
Guopei
G
Zhu
Qinghai
Q
Ji
Ye
Y
Guo
Yu
Y
Wang
Yulong
Y
Wang
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy; D000068818:Cetuximab; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D037981:Neck Dissection; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009360:Neoplastic Cells, Circulating; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal; D050397:Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated; D015996:Survival Rate; D043823:Taxoids / Q000627:therapeutic use
D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D043823:Taxoids; C501466:nimotuzumab; D000068818:Cetuximab; D002945:Cisplatin; D005472:Fluorouracil