Metabolism and function of mitochondrial cardiolipin.
Since it has been recognized that mitochondria are crucial not only for energy metabolism but also for other cellular functions, there has been a growing interest in cardiolipin, the specific phospholipid of mitochondrial membranes. Indeed, cardiolipin is a universal component of mitochondria in all eukaryotes. It has a unique dimeric structure comprised of two phosphatidic acid residues linked by a glycerol bridge, which gives rise to unique physicochemical properties. Cardiolipin plays an important role in the structural organization and the function of mitochondrial membranes. In this article, we review the literature on cardiolipin biology, focusing on the most important discoveries of the past decade. Specifically, we describe the formation, the migration, and the degradation of cardiolipin and we discuss how cardiolipin affects mitochondrial function. We also give an overview of the various phenotypes of cardiolipin deficiency in different organisms.
Department of Anesthesiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA; Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA.
Mindong
M
Ren
Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA.
Colin K L
CK
Phoon
Department of Anesthesiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA; Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA. Electronic address: michael.schlame@nyumc.org.
Michael
M
Schlame
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001692:Biological Transport; D002308:Cardiolipins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism*; D051336:Mitochondrial Membranes / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
D002308:Cardiolipins
Cardiolipin; Disease; Fatty acids; Membranes; Mitochondria; Phospholipids