Sjögren's syndrome: another facet of the autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA).
Recently, a new syndrome, namely the "Autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants" (ASIA) has been defined. In this syndrome different conditions characterized by common signs and symptoms and induced by the presence of an adjuvant are included. The adjuvant is a substance capable of boosting the immune response and of acting as a trigger in the development of autoimmune diseases. Post-vaccination autoimmune phenomena represent a major issue of ASIA. Indeed, despite vaccines represent a mainstay in the improvement of human health, several of these have been implicated as a potential trigger for autoimmune diseases. Sjogren's Syndrome (SjS) is a systemic chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease characterized by the presence of an inflammatory involvement of exocrine glands accompanied by systemic manifestations. Own to the straight association between infectious agents exposure (mainly viruses) and sicca syndrome development, the possible link between vaccine and SjS is not surprising. Indeed, a few cases of SjS following vaccine delivery have been reported. At the same extent, the induction of SjS following silicone exposure has been described too. Thus, the aim of this review was to focus on SjS and its possible development following vaccine or silicone exposure in order to define another possible facet of the ASIA syndrome.
Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities, Rheumatology Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; The Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.
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Colafrancesco
Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities, Rheumatology Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; The Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.
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Perricone
Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities, Rheumatology Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
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Priori
Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities, Rheumatology Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
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Valesini
The Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Incumbent of the Laura Schwarz-Kipp Chair for Research of Autoimmune Diseases, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel. Electronic address: shoenfel@post.tau.ac.il.
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Shoenfeld
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000818:Animals; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D015551:Autoimmunity; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology*; D012859:Sjogren's Syndrome / Q000209:etiology*; D013577:Syndrome
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic
ASIA; Autoantibodies; Autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants; Autoimmunity; Sjögren's syndrome; Vaccine