Improvement of cloned embryos development by co-culturing with parthenotes: a possible role of exosomes/microvesicles for embryos paracrine communication.
It is well known that embryos cultured in a group can create a microenvironment through secretion of autocrine and paracrine factors that can support and improve the embryos' development when compared to the embryos cultured individually. In this study, we used a co-culture system for paracrine communication between different kinds of embryos. The results showed that co-culture of porcine parthenogenetic (PA) embryos significantly improved the in vitro development of cloned (nuclear transfer, NT) embryos. To reveal the possible mechanism of communication between the two groups, we isolated exosomes/microvesicles (EXs/MVs) from the PA embryos conditioned medium (PA-CM) through differential centrifugation and identified them through transmission electron microscope and immunoflourescence against exosomal/membrane marker CD9. Furthermore, these EXs/MVs were found to contain mRNA of pluripotency genes (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, c-Myc, and Nanog), and the PKH67-labeled EXs/MVs could be internalized by the NT embryos. The current study demonstrates that cloned embryos' developmental competence can be improved through co-culturing with PA embryos and revealed, for the first time, that in vitro-produced embryos can secrete EXs/MVs as a possible communication tool within their microenvironment. Moreover, it provides a new paradigm for embryo-to-embryo communication in vitro.
1 Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and the Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University , Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea.
Islam M
IM
Saadeldin
Su Jin
SJ
Kim
Yoo Bin
YB
Choi
Byeong Chun
BC
Lee
D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D019976:Cloning, Organism; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D017931:DNA Primers; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian; D055354:Exosomes / Q000378:metabolism*; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D053652:Nuclear Transfer Techniques; D019899:Paracrine Communication; D010312:Parthenogenesis; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013552:Swine
D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D017931:DNA Primers