Association between urinary albumin excretion and intraocular pressure in type 2 diabetic patients without renal impairment.
BACKGROUND
To assess the relationship between urinary albumin excretion and intraocular pressure (IOP) in type 2 diabetes patients without renal impairment.


METHODS
We explored the effects of albuminuria on high IOP in 402 non-glaucomatous type 2 diabetes without renal impairment who participated in the 2011 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between log-transformed albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) tertiles and an IOP of ≥ 18 mmHg after adjusting for age, gender, hypertension, body mass index, triglycerides, area of residence, and education level.


RESULTS
Subjects with a high IOP ≥ 18 mmHg were more likely to be current smokers (P = 0.038), heavy drinkers (P = 0.006), and to have high systolic blood pressure (P = 0.016), triglycerides (P = 0.008), and a higher log-transformed ACR (P = 0.022).In multivariate regression analysis, ACR tertile was associated with the prevalence of high IOP significantly (P = 0.022). The associations between ACR tertiles and high IOP were significant in overweight patients and those with abdominal obesity (P = 0.003 and 0.003, respectively). In contrast, there were no associations in the subgroup of patients who were not overweight and those without abdominal obesity (P = 0.291 and 0.561, respectively).


CONCLUSIONS
Urinary albumin excretion is associated with high IOP in the type 2 diabetes population without renal insufficiency. The effect of the albuminuria on IOP was evident in a subgroup of patients with components of metabolic syndrome.
St. Vincent Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Jin A
JA
Choi
St. Vincent Hospital, Department of Biostatistics, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Kyungdo
K
Han
Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Hyuk-Sang
HS
Kwon
D000419:Albuminuria / Q000652:urine*; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000503:physiopathology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D007668:Kidney / Q000502:physiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009749:Nutrition Surveys / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000503:physiopathology; D009798:Ocular Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology*; D050177:Overweight / Q000503:physiopathology; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000503:physiopathology
D003404:Creatinine