T-2 and HT-2 toxins in cereals and cereal-based products in South Korea.
A total of 214 samples, consisting of brown rice, barley, mixed grains, corn, wheat and wheat flour were analysed for T-2 and HT-2 toxins using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Recovery and repeatability were 79.9%-107.5% and 4.9%-14.5% for T-2, and 74.0%-106.1% and 5.0%-17.9% for HT-2, respectively. T-2 toxin was detected in 11 (5.1%) of all samples. The highest incidence was found in corn (21.7%) followed by mixed grains and brown rice. Mean of all samples was 1.5-4.1 µg kg⁻¹, the maximum level being 41.5 µg kg⁻¹ in corn. HT-2 toxin was detected in 126 (58.9%) of all samples, and the mean values were 26.4-59.2 µg kg⁻¹. The estimated daily intakes for the sum of T-2 and HT-2 toxins were 2.56, 3.22, 2.53, 0.03, 0.01 and 2.45 ng (kg bw)⁻¹ day⁻¹ in brown rice, barley, mixed grains, corn, wheat and wheat flour, respectively.
a Food Safety Research Division , Korea Food Research Institute , Sungnam , Republic of Korea.
Hyun Ee
HE
Ok
Young-Woon
YW
Kang
Meehye
M
Kim
Hyang Sook
HS
Chun
D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000208:ethnology; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000191:economics; D005433:Flour / Q000032:analysis* / Q000191:economics; D005506:Food Contamination; D005513:Food Inspection / Q000379:methods*; D001467:Hordeum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D057230:Limit of Detection; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry / Q000191:economics; D011042:Poisons / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D056910:Republic of Korea; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D013605:T-2 Toxin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000191:economics; D003313:Zea mays / Q000737:chemistry / Q000191:economics
D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D011042:Poisons; D013605:T-2 Toxin; C012351:HT-2 toxin
HT-2 toxin; T-2 toxin; brown rice; cereals; high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detector