Induction of functional tissue-engineered skeletal muscle constructs by defined electrical stimulation.
Electrical impulses are necessary for proper in vivo skeletal muscle development. To fabricate functional skeletal muscle tissues in vitro, recapitulation of the in vivo niche, including physical stimuli, is crucial. Here, we report a technique to engineer skeletal muscle tissues in vitro by electrical pulse stimulation (EPS). Electrically excitable tissue-engineered skeletal muscle constructs were stimulated with continuous electrical pulses of 0.3 V/mm amplitude, 4 ms width, and 1 Hz frequency, resulting in a 4.5-fold increase in force at day 14. In myogenic differentiation culture, the percentage of peak twitch force (%Pt) was determined as the load on the tissue constructs during the artificial exercise induced by continuous EPS. We optimized the stimulation protocol, wherein the tissues were first subjected to 24.5%Pt, which was increased to 50-60%Pt as the tissues developed. This technique may be a useful approach to fabricate tissue-engineered functional skeletal muscle constructs.
1] Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan [2].
Akira
A
Ito
1] Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan [2].
Yasunori
Y
Yamamoto
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
Masanori
M
Sato
Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
Kazushi
K
Ikeda
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
Masahiro
M
Yamamoto
1] Toyota Central R&D Laboratories Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan [2].
Hideaki
H
Fujita
1] Toyota Central R&D Laboratories Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan [2].
Eiji
E
Nagamori
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
Yoshinori
Y
Kawabe
1] Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan [2] Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
Masamichi
M
Kamihira
D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D051379:Mice; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D032446:Myoblasts / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors; D046509:Tissue Culture Techniques; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods