Gut microbiota and the paradox of cancer immunotherapy.
It is recently shown that beneficial environmental microbes stimulate integrated immune and neuroendocrine factors throughout the body, consequently modulating regulatory T-lymphocyte phenotypes, maintaining systemic immune balance, and determining the fate of preneoplastic lesions toward regression while sustaining whole body good health. Stimulated by a gut microbiota-centric systemic homeostasis hypothesis, we set out to explore the influence of the gut microbiome to explain the paradoxical roles of regulatory T-lymphocytes in cancer development and growth. This paradigm shift places cancer prevention and treatment into a new broader context of holobiont engineering to cultivate a tumor-suppressive macroenvironment.
Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, MA , USA ; Laboratory of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece.
Theofilos
T
Poutahidis
Departments of Neurology and Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine , New Haven, CT , USA ; Broad Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University , Cambridge, MA , USA ; Faculty of Medicine, Dresden University of Technology (TUD) , Dresden , Germany.
Markus
M
Kleinewietfeld
Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, MA , USA.
Susan E
SE
Erdman
cancer immunotherapy; inflammation and cancer; probiotic bacteria; regulatory T-cells; tumor macroenvironment