Advances in immune-modulating therapies to treat atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.
In addition to hypercholesterolemia, innate and adaptive immune mechanisms play a critical role in atherogenesis, thus making immune-modulation therapy a potentially attractive way of managing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. These immune-modulation strategies include both active and passive immunization and confer beneficial reduction in atherosclerosis. Preclinical studies have demonstrated promising results and we review current knowledge on the complex role of the immune system and the potential for immunization as an immune-modulation therapy for atherosclerosis.
Oppenheimer Atherosclerosis Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Kuang-Yuh
KY
Chyu
Division of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 South San Vicente Boulevard, Suite A-3307, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
Prediman K
PK
Shah
atherosclerosis; immune response; immunization