Influence of feeding graded levels of canned sardines on the inflammatory markers and tissue fatty acid composition of Wistar rats.
Canned sardines are a ready-to-use fish product with excellent nutritional properties owing to its high n-3 long-chain PUFA content, mainly EPA (20 : 5n-3) and DHA (22 : 6n-3). The present study aimed to assess the effect of two dosages of canned sardines, recommended for the primary and secondary prevention of human CVD, on the inflammatory marker concentrations and fatty acid composition of erythrocytes and key metabolic tissues (liver, muscle, adipose tissue and brain) in the rat model. Wistar rats were fed a diet containing 11 % (w/w) of canned sardines (low-sardine (LS) diet) and a diet containing 22 % (w/w) of canned sardines (high-sardine (HS) diet) for 10 weeks. Daily food intake, weight gain, and organ and final body weights were not affected by the dietary treatments. The concentrations of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol decreased in both the LS and HS groups, while those of alanine aminotransferase and adiponectin increased. The concentrations of IL-1β increased only with the highest dosage of sardine. The dose-dependent influence of the graded levels of EPA+DHA was tissue specific. Compared with that of other tissues and erythrocytes, the fatty acid composition of the brain was less affected by the canned sardine-supplemented diets. In contrast, the retroperitoneal adipose tissue was highly responsive. The deposition ratios of EPA and DHA indicated that the LS diet was optimal for DHA deposition across the tissues, except in the retroperitoneal adipose tissue. Taken together, our findings indicate that a LS diet positively affects plasma lipid profiles and inflammatory mediators, whereas a HS diet has contradictory effects on IL-1β, which, in turn, is not associated with variations in the concentrations of other pro-inflammatory cytokines. This finding requires further investigation and pathophysiological understanding.
CEDOC, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa,Campo dos Mártires da Pátria 130,1169-056Lisbon,Portugal.
Pedro O
PO
Rodrigues
CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Pólo Universitário do Alto da Ajuda,1300-477Lisbon,Portugal.
Susana V
SV
Martins
CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Pólo Universitário do Alto da Ajuda,1300-477Lisbon,Portugal.
Paula A
PA
Lopes
DIVAV, Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera,Avenida de Brasília,1449-006Lisbon,Portugal.
Cristina
C
Ramos
DIVAV, Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera,Avenida de Brasília,1449-006Lisbon,Portugal.
Samuel
S
Miguéis
CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Pólo Universitário do Alto da Ajuda,1300-477Lisbon,Portugal.
Cristina M
CM
Alfaia
iMed.UL, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa,Avenida Professor Gama Pinto,1649-003Lisbon,Portugal.
Rui M A
RM
Pinto
CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Pólo Universitário do Alto da Ajuda,1300-477Lisbon,Portugal.
Eva A
EA
Rolo
CEDOC, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa,Campo dos Mártires da Pátria 130,1169-056Lisbon,Portugal.
Paulo
P
Bispo
DIVAV, Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera,Avenida de Brasília,1449-006Lisbon,Portugal.
Irineu
I
Batista
DIVAV, Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera,Avenida de Brasília,1449-006Lisbon,Portugal.
Narcisa M
NM
Bandarra
CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Pólo Universitário do Alto da Ajuda,1300-477Lisbon,Portugal.
José A M
JA
Prates
D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D001923:Brain Chemistry; D004032:Diet; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000032:analysis; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000737:chemistry; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005399:Fishes; D057141:Food, Preserved; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D009132:Muscles / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
D015415:Biomarkers; D005227:Fatty Acids; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D008055:Lipids; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid