Clinical application of the second morning urine method for estimating salt intake in patients with hypertension.
Estimation of salt intake by cumbersome 24-h urine collection is not suitable for individual patients because of substantial daily variation in intake. We developed the second morning urine (SMU) method for monitoring daily salt intake in healthy subjects by calculating the daily creatinine excretion and measuring the ratio of sodium to creatinine in the SMU specimen. To determine whether the SMU method was applicable to hypertensive patients, we tested it in hospitalized patients under an equilibrated sodium balance as a model population. This review focuses on application of the SMU method in hypertensive patients with mild target organ damage.
Department of General Internal Medicine, Iwate Prefectural Central Hospital , Morioka , Japan and.
Minoru
M
Kawamura
Terukazu
T
Kawasaki
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000652:urine*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012964:Sodium / Q000652:urine*; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D013997:Time Factors; D016482:Urinalysis / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult
D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary; D012964:Sodium; D003404:Creatinine
Hypertension; salt intake; second morning urine; spot urine; urinary sodium excretion