Restless legs syndrome and pregnancy: a review.
Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common sensorimotor neurological disorder that is diagnosed according to the revised criteria of the International RLS Study Group (IRLSSG). The pathophysiology of RLS is still unknown and its prevalence is influenced by ethnicity, age, and gender. RLS is divided into two types by etiology: primary or idiopathic and secondary. Primary RLS is strongly influenced by a genetic component while secondary RLS is caused by other associated conditions such as end-stage renal disease or peripheral neuropathy. Another common condition associated with RLS is pregnancy. The prevalence of RLS during pregnancy is two to three times higher than in the normal population and is influenced by the trimester and the number of parity. The main mechanisms that may contribute to the pathophysiology of RLS during pregnancy are hormonal changes and iron and folate status. Standard medications for treating RLS during pregnancy are not established. Most medications have been used according to the evidence from non-pregnant patients. Therefore, consideration of the medical treatment for treating RLS during pregnancy should be balanced between the benefit of relieving the symptoms and maternal and fetal risk. In general, the prognosis of RLS during pregnancy is good and symptoms are usually relieved after delivery.
Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 10700, Thailand; Human Motor Control Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Prachaya
P
Srivanitchapoom
Human Motor Control Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Govind Ballabh Pant Hospital, New Delhi 110002, India.
Sanjay
S
Pandey
Human Motor Control Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Electronic address: hallettm@ninds.nih.gov.
Mark
M
Hallett
D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015259:Dopamine Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012148:Restless Legs Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*
D000927:Anticonvulsants; D015259:Dopamine Agents
Hormones; Iron; Pregnancy; Restless legs syndrome