Current perspectives and the future of domestication studies.
It is difficult to overstate the cultural and biological impacts that the domestication of plants and animals has had on our species. Fundamental questions regarding where, when, and how many times domestication took place have been of primary interest within a wide range of academic disciplines. Within the last two decades, the advent of new archaeological and genetic techniques has revolutionized our understanding of the pattern and process of domestication and agricultural origins that led to our modern way of life. In the spring of 2011, 25 scholars with a central interest in domestication representing the fields of genetics, archaeobotany, zooarchaeology, geoarchaeology, and archaeology met at the National Evolutionary Synthesis Center to discuss recent domestication research progress and identify challenges for the future. In this introduction to the resulting Special Feature, we present the state of the art in the field by discussing what is known about the spatial and temporal patterns of domestication, and controversies surrounding the speed, intentionality, and evolutionary aspects of the domestication process. We then highlight three key challenges for future research. We conclude by arguing that although recent progress has been impressive, the next decade will yield even more substantial insights not only into how domestication took place, but also when and where it did, and where and why it did not.
Durham Evolution and Ancient DNA, Department of Archaeology, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom.
Greger
G
Larson
Dolores R
DR
Piperno
Robin G
RG
Allaby
Michael D
MD
Purugganan
Leif
L
Andersson
Manuel
M
Arroyo-Kalin
Loukas
L
Barton
Cynthia
C
Climer Vigueira
Tim
T
Denham
Keith
K
Dobney
Andrew N
AN
Doust
Paul
P
Gepts
M Thomas P
MT
Gilbert
Kristen J
KJ
Gremillion
Leilani
L
Lucas
Lewis
L
Lukens
Fiona B
FB
Marshall
Kenneth M
KM
Olsen
J Chris
JC
Pires
Peter J
PJ
Richerson
Rafael
R
Rubio de Casas
Oris I
OI
Sanjur
Mark G
MG
Thomas
Dorian Q
DQ
Fuller
D000818:Animals; D000829:Animals, Domestic / Q000235:genetics*; D005075:Biological Evolution; D018556:Crops, Agricultural / Q000235:genetics*; D004777:Environment; D005843:Geography; D062211:Spatio-Temporal Analysis
agriculture; evolution; human ecology; human history; selection