title: Dietary pulses, satiety and food intake: a systematic review and meta-analysis of acute feeding trials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effect of dietary pulses (beans, peas, chickpeas, lentils) on acute satiety and second meal intake, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted.
  
  
  METHODS
  MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Registry (through May 6, 2013) were searched for acute controlled trials examining the effect of dietary pulses on postprandial satiety or second meal intake compared with isocaloric controls. Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed methodological quality and risk of bias. Data were pooled by generic inverse variance random effects models and expressed as ratio of means (RoMs) for satiety and mean differences (MDs) for second meal food intake, with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Heterogeneity was assessed (Q statistic) and quantified (I(2) statistic). Protocol registration: clinicaltrials.gov identifier, NCT01605422.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine trials met the eligibility criteria. Dietary pulses produced a 31% greater satiety incremental area under the curve (IAUC) (RoM = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.09 to 1.58, P = 0.004; Phet = 0.96; I(2)  = 0%) without affecting second meal intake (MD = -19.94, 95% CI: -75-35, P = 0.48; Phet = 0.01; I(2)  = 63%). Our data are limited by the small sample sizes, narrow participant characteristics and significant unexplained heterogeneity among the available trials.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pooled analyses show that dietary pulses contribute to acute satiety but not second meal intake.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Siying S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Cyril W C
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Kendall
authors.forename: Russell J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.forename: Viranda H
authors.initials: VH
authors.lastname: Jayalath
authors.forename: Adrian I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Cozma
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.forename: Arash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mirrahimi
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chiavaroli
authors.forename: Livia S A
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Augustin
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Blanco Mejia
authors.forename: Lawrence A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Leiter
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Beyene
authors.forename: David J A
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.forename: John L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Sievenpiper
mesh_terms: D004032:Diet; D002149:Energy Intake; D007887:Fabaceae; D006801:Humans; D019518:Postprandial Period; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012527:Satiation