title: Clinical and oncological outcomes after surgical excision of pigmented villonodular synovitis at the foot and ankle.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a rare benign neoplastic disease of the synovium of joints and tendon sheaths, which may be locally aggressive. It can be broadly classified into localised disease or more diffuse forms, with the latter more prone to recurrence after surgical excision. We describe our experience in the management of foot and ankle PVNS, focusing on the diffuse type.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with PVNS were identified from a histology database from 2000 to 2010 at the University Hospitals of Leicester. The primary aim was to determine oncological outcomes and evaluate clinical outcomes with the Toronto Extremity Salvage Score (TESS) and the American Academy of Foot and Ankle Surgeons (AOFAS) scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  30 patients, 16 males and 14 females with a mean age of 37±15 years, who underwent surgery, were identified. There were 22 nodular PVNS and 8 diffuse PVNS. The diffuse PVNS was more likely to be in the hindfoot (75%, 6/8), of which 50% (3/6) had osteoarthritis at presentation. The localised PVNS was mostly located in the forefoot (91%, 20/22). None of the localised PVNS had a recurrence. The surgical recurrence rate in this series was similar to the pooled recurrence rate from the literature [12.5% (1/8) compared to 12.2% (6/49)]. The mean TESS and AOFAS scores were 86 and 78, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diffuse PVNS is more likely to occur in the hindfoot and nodular PVNS is more common in the forefoot. Aggressive synovectomy alone is an effective treatment for diffuse PVNS, with good oncological and clinical outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Leicester Orthopaedics, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Gwendolen Road, Leicester, UK. Electronic address: mtkorim@doctors.org.uk.
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Korim
authors.affiliation: Leicester Orthopaedics, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Gwendolen Road, Leicester, UK.
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.affiliation: Leicester Orthopaedics, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Gwendolen Road, Leicester, UK.
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.affiliation: East Midlands Sarcoma Service, UK; Histopathology, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Infirmary Square, Leicester, UK.
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Richards
authors.affiliation: Leicester Orthopaedics, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Gwendolen Road, Leicester, UK; East Midlands Sarcoma Service, UK; Academic Orthopaedics, Trauma & Sports Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: R U
authors.initials: RU
authors.lastname: Ashford
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D033023:Foot Joints / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000150:complications*; D013586:Synovitis, Pigmented Villonodular / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Diffuse PVNS; Foot and ankle; Outcome scores; Pigmented villonodular synovitis; Recurrence; Surgical excision