title: An assessment of patient navigator activities in breast cancer patient navigation programs using a nine-principle framework.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine how closely a published model of navigation reflects the practice of navigation in breast cancer patient navigation programs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational field notes describing patient navigator activities collected from 10 purposefully sampled, foundation-funded breast cancer navigation programs in 2008-2009.
  
  
  METHODS
  An exploratory study evaluated a model framework for patient navigation published by Harold Freeman by using an a priori coding scheme based on model domains.
  
  
  METHODS
  Field notes were compiled and coded. Inductive codes were added during analysis to characterize activities not included in the original model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Programs were consistent with individual-level principles representing tasks focused on individual patients. There was variation with respect to program-level principles that related to program organization and structure. Program characteristics such as the use of volunteer or clinical navigators were identified as contributors to patterns of model concordance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This research provides a framework for defining the navigator role as focused on eliminating barriers through the provision of individual-level interventions. The diversity observed at the program level in these programs was a reflection of implementation according to target population. Further guidance may be required to assist patient navigation programs to define and tailor goals and measurement to community needs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Policy and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Women's Health Unit, Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Christine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Gunn
authors.forename: Jack A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Tracy A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Battaglia
authors.forename: Karen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Freund
authors.forename: Victoria A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Parker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D019090:Case Management / Q000458:organization & administration*; D005260:Female; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D054625:Healthcare Disparities; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D062526:Patient Navigation / Q000379:methods* / Q000458:organization & administration; D018802:Patient-Centered Care / Q000458:organization & administration*; D014481:United States
keywords: Patient navigation; breast cancer; disparities; patient-centered care