title: HIV-1 infection and antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum in adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may increase susceptibility to malaria by compromising naturally acquired immunity.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 339 adults (64% HIV infected), we measured antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum variant surface antigens (VSA) and antibodies that opsonise infected erythrocytes using parasite lines FCR3, E8B, and R29, and antibodies to merozoite antigens AMA-1 and MSP2. We determined the relationship between malaria antibodies, HIV infection, markers of immune compromise, and risk of incident parasitemia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HIV-infected adults had significantly lower mean levels of opsonizing antibody to all parasite lines (P < .0001), and lower levels of antibody to AMA-1 (P = .01) and MSP2 (P < .0001). Levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) to VSA were not affected by HIV status. Opsonising antibody titres against some isolates were positively correlated with CD4 count. There were negative associations between human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) viral load and opsonizing antibodies to FCR3 (P = .04), and levels of IgG to AMA-1 (P ≤ .03) and MSP2-3D7 (P = .05). Lower opsonizing antibody levels on enrollment were seen in those who became parasitemic during follow-up, independent of HIV infection (P ≤ .04 for each line).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HIV-1 infection decreases opsonizing antibodies to VSA, and antibody to merozoite antigens. Opsonizing antibodies were associated with lack of parasitemia during follow up, suggesting a role in protection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Wina
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hasang
authors.affiliation: Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre.
authors.forename: Edson G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Dembo
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne.
authors.forename: Rushika
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wijesinghe
authors.affiliation: Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre The Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Malcolm E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Molyneux
authors.affiliation: Fred Hutchison Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.
authors.forename: James G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Kublin
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rogerson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000276:immunology*; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan / Q000276:immunology; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D060085:Coinfection / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000276:immunology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan; D007074:Immunoglobulin G
keywords: HIV; IgG; Plasmodium falciparum; antibody; malaria; merozoite antigens; phagocytosis; variant surface antigens