title: Perceived barriers among physicians for stopping non-cost-effective blood-saving measures in total hip and total knee arthroplasties.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite evidence that the blood-saving measures (BSMs) erythropoietin (EPO) and intra- and postoperative blood salvage are not (cost-)effective in primary elective total hip and knee arthroplasties, they are used frequently in Dutch hospitals. This study aims to assess the impact of barriers associated with the intention of physicians to stop BSMs.
  
  
  METHODS
  A survey among 400 orthopedic surgeons and 400 anesthesiologists within the Netherlands was performed. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify barriers associated with intention to stop BSMs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 153 (40%) orthopedic surgeons and 100 (27%) anesthesiologists responded. Of all responders 67% used EPO, perioperative blood salvage, or a combination. After reading the evidence on non-cost-effective BSMs, 50% of respondents intended to stop EPO and 53% to stop perioperative blood salvage. In general, barriers perceived most frequently were lack of attention for blood management (90% of respondents), department priority to prevent transfusions (88%), and patient characteristics such as comorbidity (81%). Barriers significantly associated with intention to stop EPO were lack of interest to save money and the impact of other involved parties. Barriers significantly associated with intention to stop perioperative blood salvage were concerns about patient safety, lack of alternatives, losing experience with the technique, and lack of interest to save money.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Physicians experience barriers to stop using BSMs, related to their own technical skills, patient safety, current blood management policy, and lack of interest to save money. These barriers should be targeted in strategies to make BSM use cost-effective.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Decision Making, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Veronique M A
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Voorn
authors.forename: Perla J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Marang-van de Mheen
authors.forename: Manon M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Wentink
authors.forename: Ad A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Kaptein
authors.forename: Ankie W M M
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Koopman-van Gemert
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: So-Osman
authors.forename: Thea P M
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Vliet Vlieland
authors.forename: Rob G H H
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Nelissen
authors.forename: Leti
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: van Bodegom-Vos
mesh_terms: D000776:Anesthesiology; D019644:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip / Q000191:economics*; D019645:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee / Q000191:economics*; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009426:Netherlands; D057725:Operative Blood Salvage / Q000191:economics*; D009985:Orthopedics; D010820:Physicians / Q000523:psychology*; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000191:economics; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D004921:Erythropoietin