title: PTSD symptomatology and readiness to quit smoking among women with serious mental illness.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a risk factor for tobacco addiction. The majority of research on PTSD and smoking has been conducted with men, particularly combat veterans, and little is known about the association among women. In a clinical sample of women civilian smokers with serious mental illness (SMI), we examined the prevalence of PTSD symptomatology and associations with physical and mental health functioning, co-occurring substance use, nicotine dependence, and readiness to quit smoking.
  
  
  METHODS
  376 adult women smokers aged 18-73 were recruited from 7 acute inpatient psychiatry units and screened by diagnostic interview for current PTSD symptomatology (PTSD(+)). In multiple regressions, we examined the associations of screening PTSD(+) with physical and mental health functioning; past-month drug use; past-year substance use disorders; nicotine dependence and readiness to quit smoking.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nearly half the sample (43%) screened PTSD(+), which was significantly associated with the use of stimulants (OR=1.26) and opiates (OR=1.98), drug use disorders (OR=2.01), and poorer mental health (B=-2.78) but not physical health functioning. PTSD(+) status was unrelated to nicotine dependence, but predicted greater desire to quit smoking (B=2.13) and intention to stop smoking in the next month (OR=2.21). In multivariate models that adjusted for substance use disorders, physical and mental health functioning, and nicotine dependence, screening PTSD(+) remained predictive of greater desire and intention to quit smoking.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PTSD symptomatology was common in our sample of women smokers with SMI and associated with not only worse substance use and mental health, but also greater readiness to quit smoking, suggesting the need for and potential interest in integrative PTSD-addiction treatment among women.
authors.affiliation: Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, United States.
authors.forename: Kelly C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Young-Wolff
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, United States.
authors.forename: Sebastien C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Fromont
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, United States.
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Delucchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, United States.
authors.forename: Stephen E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, United States.
authors.forename: Sharon M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.affiliation: Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, United States. Electronic address: JPro@Stanford.edu.
authors.forename: Judith J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Prochaska
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012495:San Francisco / Q000453:epidemiology; D057566:Self Report; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Mental illness; PTSD; Smoking; Stage of change; Substance use; Women