title: Effect of zinc on anammox activity and performance of simultaneous partial nitrification, anammox and denitrification (SNAD) process.
abstract: In the present study, short-term effects of zinc on anammox activities and long-term effect of zinc on the performance of simultaneous partial nitrification, anammox and denitrification (SNAD) process were evaluated. The anammox activity decreased with increasing zinc concentration and exposure time in short-term tests. The IC50 value of zinc was found to be 6.9mg/L. However, the presence of zinc (<10mg/L) in wastewater stimulated the microbial activities and nitrogen removal performance of SNAD process in sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR). At first, inhibition of SNAD process was observed when influent zinc concentration increased to 20mg/L. The system recovered immediately, suggesting the acclimatization of microbial communities of SNAD process. The results showed that SBBR was well acclimatized under high zinc concentration (50-100mg/L) achieving 98% NH4(+)-N, 96% TN and 87% COD removal efficiencies.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Achlesh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Daverey
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Chian
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: College of Agriculture, Forestry, and Natural Resource Management, University of Hawaii at Hilo, 200 W. Kawili ST., Hilo, HI 96720, USA.
authors.forename: Shihwu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan. Electronic address: jglin@mail.nctu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Jih-Gaw
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D064751:Ammonium Compounds / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D000693:Anaerobiosis / Q000187:drug effects; D057919:Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; D018533:Biomass; D019149:Bioreactors / Q000382:microbiology; D058440:Denitrification / Q000187:drug effects*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D058465:Nitrification / Q000187:drug effects*; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects; D010100:Oxygen / Q000032:analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry; D015032:Zinc / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D064751:Ammonium Compounds; D009584:Nitrogen; D010100:Oxygen; D062065:Wastewater; D015032:Zinc
keywords: Anammox; Heavy metal; Inhibition; Nitrogen removal; Zinc