title: Phylogenetic analysis of Stenotrophomonas spp. isolates contributes to the identification of nosocomial and community-acquired infections.
abstract: Stenotrophomonas ssp. has a wide environmental distribution and is also found as an opportunistic pathogen, causing nosocomial or community-acquired infections. One species, S. maltophilia, presents multidrug resistance and has been associated with serious infections in pediatric and immunocompromised patients. Therefore, it is relevant to conduct resistance profile and phylogenetic studies in clinical isolates for identifying infection origins and isolates with augmented pathogenic potential. Here, multilocus sequence typing was performed for phylogenetic analysis of nosocomial isolates of Stenotrophomonas spp. and, environmental and clinical strains of S. maltophilia. Biochemical and multidrug resistance profiles of nosocomial and clinical strains were determined. The inferred phylogenetic profile showed high clonal variability, what correlates with the adaptability process of Stenotrophomonas to different habitats. Two clinical isolates subgroups of S. maltophilia sharing high phylogenetic homogeneity presented intergroup recombination, thus indicating the high permittivity to horizontal gene transfer, a mechanism involved in the acquisition of antibiotic resistance and expression of virulence factors. For most of the clinical strains, phylogenetic inference was made using only partial ppsA gene sequence. Therefore, the sequencing of just one specific fragment of this gene would allow, in many cases, determining whether the infection with S. maltophilia was nosocomial or community-acquired.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Enéas Carvalho Aguiar, 647-5° Andar, 05403-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vinicius Godoy
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Cerezer
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Enéas Carvalho Aguiar, 647-5° Andar, 05403-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Silvia Yumi
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-3794-2440
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Bando
authors.affiliation: Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, 05652-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jacyr
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pasternak
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, 05503-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcia Regina
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Franzolin
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Enéas Carvalho Aguiar, 647-5° Andar, 05403-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos Alberto
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Moreira-Filho
mesh_terms: D017714:Community-Acquired Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000382:microbiology*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D004783:Environmental Microbiology; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D058885:Multilocus Sequence Typing; D009711:Nucleotides / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D020588:Stenotrophomonas / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D009711:Nucleotides