title: [Positive surgical margins after radical prostatectomy].
abstract: Positive surgical margins (PSMs) in radical prostatectomy specimens are usually considered a negative prognostic parameter. However, their definition and the management of patients with PSMs remain unclear. The aim of the present review is to define pathological features of PSMs,to report their incidence and risk factors and to update PSMs prognostic meaning and possible treatment modalities.The average incidence of PSMs in contemporary series ranges from 6.5% to 32%. The likelihood of PSMs is influenced by pre-operative PSA (total-PSA and PSA-density), tumor features (volume,grade and stage), previous prostatic surgery (open or TURP), patients’ characteristics (BMI andpelvis shape) and surgeons' skill. Although PSMs are a predictor of biochemical recurrence, their impact on cause specific survival is highly variable and largely influenced by the tumor Gleason Score. Adjuvant radiotherapy is an effective treatment in PSMs patients but early salvage radiotherapy may be an alternative option that guarantees equivalent survival benefits with less side effects. Further studies are required to define the best candidates to adjuvant or early salvage radiation therapy.
authors.forename: Tommaso Prayer
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Galetti
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cattaneo
authors.forename: Irena
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Coati
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gardiman
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011379:Prognosis; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D012307:Risk Factors; D016879:Salvage Therapy / Q000379:methods; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen