title: Cytotoxic benzophenone and triterpene from Garcinia hombroniana.
abstract: Garcinia hombroniana (seashore mangosteen) in Malaysia is used to treat itching and as a protective medicine after child birth. This study was aimed to investigate the bioactive chemical constituents of the bark of G. hombroniana. Ethyl acetate and dichloromethane extracts of G. hombroniana yielded two new (1, 9) and thirteen known compounds which were characterized by the spectral techniques of NMR, UV, IR and EI/ESI-MS, and identified as; 2,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxy-6-methoxybenzophenone(1), 2,3',4,4'-tetrahydroxy-6-methoxybenzophenone (2), 2,3',4,6-tetrahydroxybenzophenone (3), 1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxyxanthone (4), 3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavone (5),3,3',5,5',7-pentahydroxyflavanone (6), 3,3',4',5,5',7-hexahydroxyflavone (7), 4',5,7-trihydroxyflavanone-7-rutinoside (8), 18(13→17)-abeo-3β-acetoxy-9α,13β-lanost-24E-en-26-oic acid (9), garcihombronane B (10), garcihombronane D (11), friedelan-3-one (12), lupeol (13), stigmasterol (14) and stigmasterol glucoside (15). In the in vitro cytotoxicity against MCF-7, DBTRG, U2OS and PC-3 cell lines, compounds 1 and 9 displayed good cytotoxic effects against DBTRG cancer cell lines. Compounds 1-8 were also found to possess significant antioxidant activities. Owing to these properties, this study can be further extended to explore more significant bioactive components of this plant.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Nargis
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jamila
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia. Electronic address: melati@usm.my.
authors.forename: Melati
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khairuddean
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Nik Soriani
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Yaacob
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Nik Nur Syazni Nik Mohamed
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Kamal
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Hasnah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Osman
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Lab Technology, University of Haripur, 22060 Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Sadiq Noor
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, 26000 Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Naeem
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Khan
mesh_terms: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001577:Benzophenones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D052160:Benzothiazoles / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D029760:Garcinia / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010851:Picrates / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013451:Sulfonic Acids / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D000975:Antioxidants; D001577:Benzophenones; D052160:Benzothiazoles; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D005609:Free Radicals; D010851:Picrates; D013451:Sulfonic Acids; D014315:Triterpenes; C002502:2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid; C047723:benzophenone; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl
keywords: Antioxidant activities; Bark; Benzophenones; Cytotoxicity; Garcinia hombroniana; Triterpenes