title: Development of a modelled anatomical replica for training young neurosurgeons.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Modelled Anatomical Replica for Training Young Neurosurgeons (MARTYN) is a novel simulation model developed by the Royal College of Surgeons England (RCSEng). This study describes the development of the model and aims to determine its feasibility as a potential future training tool.
  
  
  METHODS
  Traditional model-making methods were used to develop a prototype. Initial procedural trials tested the feasibility of the model. Eighteen participants, grouped by experience (nine novices, four intermediates and five experienced), completed two tasks: a craniotomy and a burr hole followed by insertion of an external ventricular drain (EVD). Subjective data on confidence, usefulness, realism and preference to other training modalities were collected via a standardised questionnaire and a 5-point Likert scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Preliminary trials of the model prototype demonstrated feasibility. The novice group had the greatest self-reported benefit from MARTYN training, with significant increases in self-rated confidence in both the craniotomy (p < 0.01) and EVD insertion (p < 0.05) procedures. MARTYN was reported to having good visual and tactile realism overall with the bone component being considered highly realistic. The model was reported to be a useful training tool. When asked to rank preferred training modalities, operative experience was chosen first with cadaveric training and MARTYN consistently scoring a second choice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MARTYN was developed with the intention to fill the current niche for an inexpensive synthetic model head. This study shows that the use of MARTYN for training is both feasible and realistic. We demonstrate a preliminary face and construct validity of the model in this pilot study. With the reduction in working hours, we believe this model will be a suitable supplement to the current ST 1-3 level cadaveric training and will have a positive impact on patient safety.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge , UK.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Craven
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Baxter
authors.forename: Martyn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cooke
authors.forename: Lydia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Carline
authors.forename: Samuel J M M
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Alberti
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Beard
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murphy
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D009493:Neurosurgery / Q000193:education*; D054928:Validation Studies as Topic
keywords: model; neurosurgery; simulation; training