title: Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances in entire clutches of Audouin's gulls from the Ebro Delta.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to determine the distribution of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in three-egg clutches of Audouin's gull (Larus audouinii) breeding in Ebro Delta's colony according to the laying order (a, b and c eggs). Five PFASs were analyzed in 30 eggs (yolk and albumen separately), corresponding to 10 three-egg clutches. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes were measured as dietary tracers. PFASs were not detected in albumen. In egg yolks, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was the main compound detected followed by perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFBS) was not detected. Mean ΣPFASs for a-eggs was of 236±57 ng g(-1) yolk wet weight (ww), for b-eggs was of 140±56 ng g(-1) yolk ww and for c-eggs, 133±54 ng g(-1) yolk ww. PFOS concentration decreased according to the laying order of the eggs, showing significant differences between consecutive eggs. In addition, significant correlation (rs2=0.7-0.9) was observed for PFOS concentration within the eggs from the same clutch. No relationship was found between PFOS levels and stable isotopes signatures. Capsule: In Audouin gull's eggs, PFOS was the main PFASs detected and its concentration decreased according to the laying sequence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
authors.forename: Joana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vicente
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Biology (Vertebrates), University of Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
authors.forename: Carola
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sanpera
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Biology (Vertebrates), University of Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: García-Tarrasón
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Department of Animal Biology (Vertebrates), University of Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
authors.forename: Alba
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pérez
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Electronic address: slbqam@cid.csic.es.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lacorte
mesh_terms: D000418:Albumins / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D002210:Caprylates / Q000032:analysis*; D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D046091:Charadriiformes; D004530:Egg Yolk / Q000737:chemistry; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000032:analysis*; D009587:Nitrogen Isotopes; D013451:Sulfonic Acids / Q000032:analysis*; D015053:Zygote / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000418:Albumins; D002210:Caprylates; D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D009587:Nitrogen Isotopes; D013451:Sulfonic Acids
keywords: Audouin’s gull; Ebro Delta Natural Park; Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances; Stable isotopes; Three-egg clutches