title: [Relation of risk factors between metabolic syndrome and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in children and adolescents].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In recent years, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic syndrome (MS) in children have increased in line with the increased prevalence of obesity. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate a relation between NAFDL and MS in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  NAFLD was defined as an elevation of serum transaminase level and hyperechogenic feature of liver on ultrasonography. MS definition was based on the diagnostic criteria of the International Diabetes Federation. The biopsies were done in patients with elevated transaminase levels lasting more than one year. Liver biopsy features were graded according to the NAFLD activity scoring (NAS) and Paediatric NAFLD Histological Score (PNHS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  NAFLD was diagnosed in 39 patients and MS was confirmed in 20 patients. The significant differences between patients with MS and without MS were found in the insulin resistance (IR) (P < 0,001), cholesterol levels (P < 0,04) and GGT levels (P < 0,05). Biopsies were done in 20 patients. MS was present in 10 children. No difference was found in the degree of steatosis and NAS in groups with and without MS. No differences were observed in the occurrence of MS diagnostic criteria between patients with and without nonalcoholic steatohepatitis which were evaluated by PNHS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prediction factors for NAFLD are obesity, IR, dyslipidemia. NAFLD is frequently associated with MS. Liver biopsy is necessary for determination of NAFLD histological activity because no non-invasive examination defines the degree of liver pathology.
authors.forename: Vratislav
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Smolka
authors.forename: Jiří
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ehrmann
authors.forename: Oksana
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Tkachyk
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zápalka
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001706:Biopsy; D002648:Child; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008099:Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography