title: Participation and significance of self-help groups for social development: exploring the community capacity in Ethiopia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are various Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) in Ethiopia among which the 'Idir' is a social and financial institution widespread both in urban and rural areas of the country. So the objectives of this study is to investigate how women members perceive the contribution of iddirs toward improving their lives and to determine whether and to what extent participation in iddirs has social impacts on their lives.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional qualitative study using Key Informant In-Depth Interviews (KII) and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) was conducted in Addis Ababa, Addis Ketema Sub-city. Ethiopia. Data was collected using a semi-structured interview questionnaire and FGD guideline. Analysis of the data was made manually using thematic framework analysis method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Though their iddir doesn't provide financial assistance, all the participants revealed the importance of installing credit mechanisms in their iddirs. However, they mentioned the inability of their respective iddirs in assisting members with their financial needs. One major difficulty mentioned was lack of capital. The participants demonstrated that the contribution of iddir in their well-being was more indispensable than the contributions of other voluntary associations they are acquainted with, such as iqub and mahiber. Especially iddir was regarded as crucial and unique in meeting emotional needs. As well, iddirs' meetings are ideal places where women share experience; discuss issues of pressing concern and their worries. Other benefit of iddir include opportunities for social interaction, risk sharing and development of friendships, dispute resolution, Sharing and using timely information more effectively, Lower level of funeral services anxiety, Improvement of self confidence and leadership role, reciprocity and coexistence and trust.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women's iddirs are the viable basis in the creation of social network which plays crucial roles in providing solutions to social and economic challenges women are facing. There was a general consensus by the participants that their iddirs were unable to offer financial assistances. Enabling women's iddirs to be independent of borrowing from banks is also indispensable and trainings on effective use of credits and the positive role of social capital formed in women's iddirs is relevant.
authors.affiliation: Center for Gender Studies, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Elias
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Teshome
authors.affiliation: Center for Gender Studies, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Mulumebet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zenebe
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Henok
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Metaferia
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health and Medical Science, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Sibhatu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Biadgilign