title: Symmetry analysis of talus bone: A Geometric morphometric approach.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The main object of this study was to use a geometric morphometric approach to quantify the left-right symmetry of talus bones.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analysis was carried out using CT scan images of 11 pairs of intact tali. Two important geometric parameters, volume and surface area, were quantified for left and right talus bones. The geometric shape variations between the right and left talus bones were also measured using deviation analysis. Furthermore, location of asymmetry in the geometric shapes were identified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Numerical results showed that talus bones are bilaterally symmetrical in nature, and the difference between the surface area of the left and right talus bones was less than 7.5%. Similarly, the difference in the volume of both bones was less than 7.5%. Results of the three-dimensional (3D) deviation analyses demonstrated the mean deviation between left and right talus bones were in the range of -0.74 mm to 0.62 mm. It was observed that in eight of 11 subjects, the deviation in symmetry occurred in regions that are clinically less important during talus surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that left and right talus bones of intact human ankle joints show a strong degree of symmetry. The results of this study may have significance with respect to talus surgery, and in investigating traumatic talus injury where the geometric shape of the contralateral talus can be used as control. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2014;3:139-45.
authors.affiliation: University of Alberta, Departmentof Mechanical Engineering, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dobbe
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Komeili
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Duke
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: El-Rich
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dhillon
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Adeeb
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Jomha
keywords: Talus; Symmetry; Deviation Analysis; Morphology