title: Bone regeneration of calvarial defect using marine calcareous-derived beta-tricalcium phosphate macrospheres.
abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the bone regeneration properties of beta-tricalcium phosphate hydrothermally converted from foraminifera carbonate exoskeleton in the repair of rat calvarial defect. These natural materials possess unique interconnected porous network with uniform pore size distribution, which can be potentially advantageous. In total, 20 adult male Wistar rats received full-thickness calvarial defect with a diameter of 5 mm. The rate of newly formed bone was measured radiologically by X-ray and micro-computed tomography and by histologic examination. After 2 weeks, the beta-tricalcium phosphate group exhibited full closure of the defect site, while control group remained unrestored at the end of the 6-week experimentation. It was observed that the newly regenerated bone thickened over the course of the experiment in the beta-tricalcium phosphate group. No soft tissue reaction was observed around the beta-tricalcium phosphate implant and the rats remained healthy. These results showed that repair of the calvarial defect can be achieved by biomimetic beta-tricalcium phosphate macrospheres, which hold potential for application as bone grafts for bone augmentation surgeries.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, Tokyo, Japan ; Faculty of Science, University of Technology, Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Joshua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.affiliation: Oral Implantology and Regenerative Dental Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: Oral Implantology and Regenerative Dental Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuroda
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science, University of Technology, Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Besim
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ben-Nissan
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science, University of Technology, Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Milthopre
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Otsuka
keywords: Biomimetic; bone augmentation; bone grafts; tricalcium phosphate