title: δ-Amyrone, a specific inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2, exhibits anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo of mice.
abstract: The whole plant of Sedum lineare Thunb has been used as traditional folk medicines for the treatment of sore throat, persistent hepatitis, jaundice and dysentery. δ-Amyrone (13(18)-Oleanen-3-one), a pentacyclic triterpene compound from S. lineare Thunb, was found to possess a potent anti-inflammatory effect in different inflammation model animals. Pretreatment with δ-Amyrone (i.p.) inhibited the ear edema in xylene-induced mouse ear edema. δ-Amyrone also decreased the level of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and leukocyte numbers in acetic acid-induced peritonitis in vivo. To clarify the possible mechanism of δ-Amyrone, we investigated the effect of δ-Amyrone in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced peritoneal macrophages. The data indicated that δ-Amyrone notably inhibited IL-6, TNF-α and NO production. In addition, the result showed that δ-Amyrone may control the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) regulation and not the cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) at protein levels. These results suggest that δ-Amyrone is a bioactive agent which possesses anti-inflammatory effects, which may be relevant to the regulation of COX-2.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China. Electronic address: niuxf@mail.xjtu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xiaofeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China.
authors.forename: Huan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China. Electronic address: liwf@mail.xjtu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Weifeng
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China.
authors.forename: Qingli
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Mu
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China.
authors.forename: Huani
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China.
authors.forename: Yongmei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China.
authors.forename: Huimin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D003877:Dermatitis, Contact / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D031963:Sedum / Q000276:immunology*; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014992:Xylenes / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D014315:Triterpenes; D014992:Xylenes; C511312:amyrone; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D015232:Dinoprostone; D019342:Acetic Acid
keywords: Cyclooxygenase-2; Inflammation; Peritoneal macrophages; Peritonitis; δ-Amyrone