title: Response times across the visual field: empirical observations and application to threshold determination.
abstract: This study aimed to determine if response times gathered during perimetry can be exploited within a thresholding algorithm to improve the speed and accuracy of the test. Frequency of seeing (FoS) curves were measured at 24 locations across the central 30° of the visual field of 10 subjects using a Method of Constant Stimuli, with response times recorded for each presentation. Spatial locations were interleaved, and built up over multiple 5-min blocks, in order to mimic the attentional conditions of clinical perimetry. FoS curves were fitted to each participant's data for each location, and response times derived as a function of distance-from-threshold normalised to the slope of each FoS curve. This data was then used to derive a function for the probability of observing response times given the distance-from-threshold, and to seed simulations of a new test procedure (BURTO) that exploited the probability function for stimulus placement. Test time and error were then simulated for patients with various false response rates. When compared with a ZEST algorithm, simulations revealed that BURTO was about one presentation per location faster than ZEST, on average, while sacrificing less precision and bias in threshold estimates than simply terminating the ZEST earlier. Despite response times varying considerably for a given individual and their thresholds, response times can be exploited to reduce the number of presentations required in a visual field test without loss of accuracy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Optometry & Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia. Electronic address: allisonm@unimelb.edu.au.
authors.forename: Allison M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: McKendrick
authors.affiliation: Department of Optometry & Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia; Department of Computing and Information Systems, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Denniss
authors.affiliation: Department of Computing and Information Systems, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Turpin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D036262:Empirical Research; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D011594:Psychometrics; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012684:Sensory Thresholds / Q000502:physiology*; D058609:Visual Field Tests / Q000379:methods*; D014794:Visual Fields / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Perimetry; Psychometric functions; Reaction times; Response times; Visual fields