title: Culture-Sensitive Question Order Effects of Self-Rated Health Between Older Hispanic and Non-Hispanic Adults in the United States.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to examine context effects created by the question order for self-rated health (SRH) by race/ethnicity and language.
  
  
  METHODS
  Differences in SRH estimates for non-Hispanic Whites and Hispanics were first examined with multiple observational data that asked SRH in different contexts. To examine context effects by socio-demographics and health-related characteristics, we conducted experiments on SRH question order.
  
  
  RESULTS
  While Hispanics reported poorer health than non-Hispanic Whites, this difference, in part, depended on question contexts. With SRH asked after rather than before specific health questions, Hispanics, especially Spanish-speaking Hispanics, reported better health, while non-Hispanic Whites' reports remained consistent. Among Spanish-speaking Hispanics, the context effect was larger for unmarried and less educated persons and those with comorbidities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Question contexts influence SRH reports by Spanish-speaking older adults. Cross-cultural inquiries on the meaning of health and its dynamics with question contexts may explain what SRH measures for increasingly diverse populations.
authors.affiliation: University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA sungheel@umich.edu.
authors.forename: Sunghee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA.
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Schwarz
authors.affiliation: City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Leanne Streja
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Goldstein
keywords: Hispanic health; ethnic differences; health measurement; question context; self-rated health