title: Biological responses of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) in an innovative co-culture model with Streptococcus mitis to thermosets coated with a silver polysaccharide antimicrobial system.
abstract: This study sought to evaluate the in vitro biological response of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) co-coltured with Streptococcus mitis to bisphenol A glycidylmethacrylate/triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (BisGMA/TEGDMA) thermosets coated with Chitlac-nAg, a nanocomposite system with antimicrobial properties. To avoid bacterial adhesion to dental devices and to reduce cytotoxicity against eukaryotic cells, we coated BisGMA/TEGDMA methacrylic thermosets with a new material, Chitlac-nAg, formed by stabilizing silver nanoparticles, which have well-known antimicrobial properties, with a polyelectrolyte solution containing Chitlac. Cytotoxicity, cell morphology, cell migration and inflammatory interleukine-6 (IL-6) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) secretion were evaluated. Our results showed that the cytotoxicity exerted on HGFs by our nanocomposite material was absent in our co-culture model, where fibroblasts are able to adhere and migrate. After 24 h thermosets coated with Chitlac as well as those coated with Chitlac-nAg exerted a minimal cytotoxic effect on HGFs, while after 48 h LDH release rises up 20%. Moreover the presence of S. mitis reduced this release in a greater amount with Chitlac-nAg coated thermosets. The secretion of IL-6 was significant in both Chitlac and Chitlac-nAg coated thermosets, but PGE2 production was minimal, suggesting that the IL-6 production was not related to an inflammatory response. Co-culture and the addiction of saliva did not influence IL-6 and PGE2 secretion. Data obtained in the present work suggest that Chitlac n-Ag coated thermosets could significantly improve the success rates of restorative dentistry, since they limit bacterial adhesion and are not toxic to HGFs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sancilio
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy.
authors.forename: Viviana
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: di Giacomo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy.
authors.forename: Mara
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Di Giulio
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy.
authors.forename: Marialucia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gallorini
authors.affiliation: Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: Eleonora
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Marsich
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Travan
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: Lorena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tarusha
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy.
authors.forename: Luigina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cellini
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy.
authors.forename: Amelia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cataldi
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects*; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005881:Gingiva / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D053761:Nanocomposites; D018030:Silver Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D034361:Streptococcus mitis / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D015850:Interleukin-6; D018030:Silver Compounds; D015232:Dinoprostone