title: Missed opportunities in crystallography.
abstract: Scrutinized from the perspective of time, the giants in the history of crystallography more than once missed a nearly obvious chance to make another great discovery, or went in the wrong direction. This review analyzes such missed opportunities focusing on macromolecular crystallographers (using Perutz, Pauling, Franklin as examples), although cases of particular historical (Kepler), methodological (Laue, Patterson) or structural (Pauling, Ramachandran) relevance are also described. Linus Pauling, in particular, is presented several times in different circumstances, as a man of vision, oversight, or even blindness. His example underscores the simple truth that also in science incessant creativity is inevitably connected with some probability of fault.
authors.affiliation: Synchrotron Radiation Research Section, National Cancer Institute, Argonne National Laboratory, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Zbigniew
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Dauter
authors.forename: Mariusz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jaskolski
mesh_terms: D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray / Q000266:history*; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D006860:Hydrogen Bonding; D008958:Models, Molecular; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D011487:Protein Conformation
chemical_list: D004247:DNA
keywords: X-ray crystallography; crystals; discoveries; history; structural biology