title: Adoption of a biometric screening service in community pharmacies: a qualitative study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore differences in perceived attributes of biometric screening services and organization characteristics among community pharmacies that adopt, outsource, or do not adopt biometric screening services that assess patients' blood pressure, blood glucose, serum cholesterol, and body mass index.
  
  
  METHODS
  Qualitative, comparative analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Independently owned community pharmacies in Alabama.
  
  
  METHODS
  25 key informants from community pharmacies were classified as adopters, outsourced adopters, and nonadopters of biometric screening services. Pharmacies using in-house staff to conduct screenings are referred to as adopters; those using external staff are referred to as outsourced adopters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Perceived attributes of the screening service and organizational characteristics identified through emergent theme analysis based on the Diffusion of Innovations Model and Model of Innovation Assimilation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The screening service was perceived differently by adopters, outsourced adopters, and nonadopters. Adopters saw the opportunity to increase revenue and expand the role of the pharmacist in health care by offering the service. Adopters also perceived the service to be compatible with their pharmacy layout and organizational identity; simple to implement; modifiable in terms of experimentation with models of service delivery; and visible by external constituencies (which positively affects pharmacy image). In contrast, nonadopters felt the amount of time, investment, and lack of potential patients associated with the service influenced their decision not to adopt it. Adopters and nonadopters differed in regard to their innovativeness in patient care services, their connectedness in professional networks, and how they make sense of and deal with the uncertainty of new programs. Outsourced adopters were similar to adopters but were more cautious in their decision making.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Perceived attributes of the screening service and organizational characteristics differed among adopters, outsourced adopters, and nonadopters.
authors.forename: Benjamin S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Teeter
authors.forename: Kimberly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Braxton-Lloyd
authors.forename: Achilles A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Armenakis
authors.forename: Brent I
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: Salisa C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Westrick
mesh_terms: D000407:Alabama; D003157:Community Pharmacy Services; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D004059:Diffusion of Innovation; D006801:Humans; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods*; D010595:Pharmacists; D036301:Qualitative Research