title: Longitudinal profiling of inflammatory cytokines and C-reactive protein during uncomplicated and preterm pregnancy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous studies have investigated the utility of inflammation markers as predictors of preterm birth, but none have compared trends in levels between uncomplicated and preterm pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We explored longitudinal changes in plasma cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α, as well as C-reactive protein in pregnant women from a nested case-control study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IL-6 was associated with increased odds of spontaneous preterm birth, defined by presentation of spontaneous preterm labor and/or preterm premature rupture of the membranes. Associations were strongest later in pregnancy. IL-10 was associated with increased odds of placentally mediated preterm birth, defined by presentation with preeclampsia or intrauterine growth restriction, and odds ratios were also highest near the end of pregnancy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Maternal inflammation markers were associated with increased risk of preterm birth, and relationships differed by etiology of preterm delivery and gestational age at sample collection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Kelly K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Ferguson
authors.forename: Thomas F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: McElrath
authors.forename: Yin-Hsiu
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Bhramar
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mukherjee
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Meeker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008404:Massachusetts / Q000453:epidemiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: Biomarkers; CRP; inflammation; premature birth; repeated measures