title: Endonasal endoscopic surgery for squamous cell carcinoma of the sinonasal cavities and skull base: Oncologic outcomes based on treatment strategy and tumor etiology.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oncologic outcomes for sinonasal and skull base squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) treated with an endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) needs investigation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with SCC treated with EEA were stratified by treatment strategy and tumor etiology and reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-four patients were treated with EEA, or which 27 had definitive resection and 7 had debulking surgery. In the definitive group, 17 had de novo tumors and 10 had tumors arising from inverted papilloma. Definitive resection was associated with better 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) than debulking (62% vs 17%; p = .02; and 78% vs 30%; p = .03). Patients with de novo tumors had similar 5-year DFS and OS to those arising from inverted papilloma (62% vs 62%; p = .75; and 75% vs 86%; p = .24).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Definitive resection of sinonasal SCC with EEA provides sound oncologic outcomes. SCC arising from inverted papilloma does not have prognostic significance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: de Almeida
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Shirley Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koutourousiou
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vaz Guimaraes Filho
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Juan C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Fernandez Miranda
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Eric W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Gardner
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Carl H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Snyderman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D057605:Natural Orifice Endoscopic Surgery / Q000379:methods; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009666:Nose; D010255:Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D019292:Skull Base Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: debulking; endoscopic; inverted papilloma; oncologic; sinonasal; squamous cell carcinoma