title: Comparison of trans-1-amino-3-[18F]fluorocyclobutanecarboxylic acid (anti-[18F]FACBC) accumulation in lymph node prostate cancer metastasis and lymphadenitis in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Trans-1-amino-3-[(18)F]fluorocyclobutanecarboxylic acid (anti-[(18)F]FACBC) is a positron emission tomography (PET) tracer used to visualize prostate cancer (PCa). In this study, we investigated the differences in anti-[(18)F]FACBC accumulation between metastatic and inflamed lymph node (LN) lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  A PCa LN metastasis (PLM) model was developed by inoculating a rat PCa cell line, MAT-Ly-Lu-B2, into popliteal LNs of Copenhagen rats. Acute lymphadenitis (AL) was induced by injecting concanavalin A (Con A) into the hind footpad, and chronic lymphadenitis (CL) was induced by daily injection of Con A into the tissues surrounding the popliteal LNs for 2weeks. Main lesions of all animal models were established in lumbar and/or inguinal LNs. Biodistribution and dynamic PET imaging data were acquired after tracer injection. T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images were registered with PET images.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the biodistribution study, the uptake ratios of PLM-to-lymphadenitis in lesional lumbar and inguinal LNs were 0.97-1.57 and 1.47-2.08 at 15 and 60min post-anti-[(18)F]FACBC injection respectively. In PET imaging, the lesional lumbar LNs of CL and PLM, but not of AL, were visualized on anti-[(18)F]FACBC-PET/MR fusion images without disturbance from radioactivity from urine, and　the rank order of anti-[(18)F]FACBC accumulation at 50-60 post-injection in lesional lumbar LNs was PLM>CL>AL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anti-[(18)F]FACBC accumulation in LNs with PLM was higher than that in inflamed LNs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study showed that although low but significant levels of anti-[(18)F]FACBC uptake by chronic inflamed lesions might cause false-positives in anti-[(18)F]FACBC-PET in some PCa patients, uptake of the tracer at acutely inflamed sites was minimal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings of this study suggest the potential of Anti-[(18)F]FACBC for distinguishing between tumors and acute inflammation in clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Research Center, Nihon Medi-Physics Co. Ltd., Kitasode 3-1, Sodegaura, Chiba 299-0266, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kanagawa
authors.affiliation: Research Center, Nihon Medi-Physics Co. Ltd., Kitasode 3-1, Sodegaura, Chiba 299-0266, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Doi
authors.affiliation: Research Center, Nihon Medi-Physics Co. Ltd., Kitasode 3-1, Sodegaura, Chiba 299-0266, Japan. Electronic address: shuntaro_oka@nmp.co.jp.
authors.forename: Shuntaro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oka
authors.affiliation: Research Center, Nihon Medi-Physics Co. Ltd., Kitasode 3-1, Sodegaura, Chiba 299-0266, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryohei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.affiliation: Research Center, Nihon Medi-Physics Co. Ltd., Kitasode 3-1, Sodegaura, Chiba 299-0266, Japan.
authors.forename: Norihito
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nakata
authors.affiliation: Research Center, Nihon Medi-Physics Co. Ltd., Kitasode 3-1, Sodegaura, Chiba 299-0266, Japan.
authors.forename: Masahito
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Toyama
authors.affiliation: Research Center, Nihon Medi-Physics Co. Ltd., Kitasode 3-1, Sodegaura, Chiba 299-0266, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshifumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shirakami
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002264:Carboxylic Acids / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003503:Cyclobutanes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008199:Lymphadenitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D051381:Rats; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D002264:Carboxylic Acids; D003503:Cyclobutanes; C117460:fluciclovine F-18
keywords: Lymphadenitis; PET; Prostate cancer metastasis; anti-[(18)F]FACBC