title: The association between Mediterranean Diet Score and glucokinase regulatory protein gene variation on the markers of cardiometabolic risk: an analysis in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC)-Norfolk study.
abstract: Consumption of a Mediterranean diet (MD) and genetic variation in the glucokinase regulatory protein (GCKR) gene have been reported to be associated with TAG and glucose metabolism. It is uncertain whether there is any interaction between these factors. Therefore, the aims of the present study were to test the association of adherence to a MD and rs780094 (G>A) SNP in the GCKR gene with the markers of cardiometabolic risk, and to investigate the interaction between genetic variation and MD adherence. We studied 20 986 individuals from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC)-Norfolk study. The relative Mediterranean Diet Score (rMED: range 0-18) was used to assess MD adherence. Linear regression was used to estimate the association between the rMED, genotype and cardiometabolic continuous traits, adjusting for potential confounders. In adjusted analyses, we observed independent associations of MD adherence and genotype with cardiometabolic risk, with the highest risk group (AA genotype; lowest rMED) having higher concentrations of TAG, total cholesterol and apoB (12·5, 2·3 and 3·1%, respectively) v. those at the lowest risk (GG genotype; highest rMED). However, the associations of MD adherence with metabolic markers did not differ by genotype, with no significant gene-diet interactions for lipids or for glycated Hb. In conclusion, we found independent associations of the rMED and of the GCKR genotype with cardiometabolic profile, but found no evidence of interaction between them.
authors.affiliation: Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain. CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición,Valencia,Spain.
authors.forename: Mercedes
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sotos-Prieto
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Primary Care,University of Cambridge,Cambridge,UK.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Luben
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Primary Care,University of Cambridge,Cambridge,UK.
authors.forename: Kay-Tee
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Khaw
authors.affiliation: MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine,Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus,CambridgeCB2 0QQ,UK.
authors.forename: Nicholas J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Wareham
authors.affiliation: MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine,Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus,CambridgeCB2 0QQ,UK.
authors.forename: Nita G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Forouhi
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D038441:Diet, Mediterranean; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012306:Risk
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D015415:Biomarkers; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D008055:Lipids; C485100:GCKR protein, human; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human