title: Development and validation of a clinical scoring system for predicting risk of HCC in asymptomatic individuals seropositive for anti-HCV antibodies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The development of a risk assessment tool for long-term hepatocellular carcinoma risk would be helpful in identifying high-risk patients and providing information of clinical consultation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The model derivation and validation cohorts consisted of 975 and 572 anti-HCV seropositives, respectively. The model included age, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), the ratio of aspirate aminotransferase to ALT, serum HCV RNA levels and cirrhosis status and HCV genotype. Two risk prediction models were developed: one was for all-anti-HCV seropositives, and the other was for anti-HCV seropositives with detectable HCV RNA. The Cox's proportional hazards models were utilized to estimate regression coefficients of HCC risk predictors to derive risk scores. The cumulative HCC risks in the validation cohort were estimated by Kaplan-Meier methods. The area under receiver operating curve (AUROC) was used to evaluate the performance of the risk models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All predictors were significantly associated with HCC. The summary risk scores of two models derived from the derivation cohort had predictability of HCC risk in the validation cohort. The summary risk score of the two risk prediction models clearly divided the validation cohort into three groups (p<0.001). The AUROC for predicting 5-year HCC risk in the validation cohort was satisfactory for the two models, with 0.73 and 0.70, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Scoring systems for predicting HCC risk of HCV-infected patients had good validity and discrimination capability, which may triage patients for alternative management strategies.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Mei-Hsuan
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Division of Hepatogastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Sheng-Nan
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Global Health Economics and Outcomes Research, Bristol Myers-Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Molecular and Genomic Epidemiology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hwai-I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chin-Lan
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Jen
authors.affiliation: Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: San-Lin
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: You
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Li-Yu
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Global Health Economics and Outcomes Research, Bristol Myers-Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America; Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America.
authors.forename: Gilbert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: L'Italien
authors.affiliation: Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chien-Jen
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D018937:Hepatitis C Antibodies / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D057216:Propensity Score; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D018937:Hepatitis C Antibodies; D012367:RNA, Viral