title: The effect of insomnia on tinnitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective is to see how chronic tinnitus sufferers who are unmanageable to maximized medical therapy can benefit by decreasing their subjective complaints from a sleep evaluation and treatment. However, the proper identification of these particular patients has not been described well in the literature when attempting to correlate these 2 diagnoses. Thus, tinnitus patients with and without insomnia, based on ICD-9 diagnosis, were evaluated using the Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire and Insomnia Severity Index to determine correlations between insomnia and tinnitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with a diagnosis of tinnitus and tinnitus along with insomnia who were treated at our institution from 2009 to 2011 were identified. Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire and Insomnia Severity Index responses were obtained through written and telephone interviews. A Pearson product moment correlation was used to determine the effect of insomnia on tinnitus. Additional analyses identified whether Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire scores were associated with a possible benefit from an evaluation for insomnia in tinnitus patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 117 patients met inclusion criteria. A significant correlation was found between the Insomnia Severity Index score and Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire severity (r = 0.64; P = .001). Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire severity was shown to be a good predictor of sleep disturbance and good in predicting group association, especially the "emotional" subscore component (sensitivity 96.9% and specificity 55.3% for identifying tinnitus patients with insomnia). The greater the insomnia disability as exhibited by an elevated Insomnia Severity Index score, the more severe the patient's complaints were regarding the tinnitus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggest that if the emotional score on the Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire is ≥ 15, the Insomnia Severity Index may be useful to identify patients who may benefit from further treatment and evaluation of insomnia. The robust correlation between the Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire and Insomnia Severity Index objectively showed that patients with insomnia have an increased emotional distress associated with their tinnitus. Both questionnaires can be used together with a high degree of specificity and sensitivity in predicting tinnitus patients with an underlying sleep disturbance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA gmiguel1@hfhs.org.
authors.forename: George S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Miguel
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yaremchuk
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Section of Sleep Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Ed
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Peterson
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D058443:Catastrophization; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014012:Tinnitus / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology
keywords: insomnia; tinnitus