title: The role of inflammation in skin cancer.
abstract: Cancer is an environmental disease and skin cancer (melanoma and non-melanoma) is the most common of all cancers. Epidemiological and experimental evidence suggest "chronic inflammation" to be one of the hallmarks in solar ultraviolet radiation and several other environmental agent-mediated skin cancers. The identification of transcription factors, mainly nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) and their gene products i.e. prostaglandins, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), cytokines [tumor necrosis factor- alpha (TNF-α)], chemokines [CXC-chemokine ligand (CXCL)] and chemokine receptors suggest critical role of inflammation in skin carcinogenesis. Considering the potential role of inflammation in tumor initiation and its major role in promotion/progression, as well as tumor angiogenesis and metastasis; inflammatory pathways may become attractive targets for skin cancer prevention. Hence this review focuses on compiling available evidence and understanding the role of chronic inflammation in the development of skin cancer.
authors.affiliation: Maru Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Sector-22, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India, gmaru@actrec.gov.in.
authors.forename: Girish B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Maru
authors.forename: Khushboo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gandhi
authors.forename: Asha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ramchandani
authors.forename: Gaurav
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kumar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003872:Dermatitis / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D012879:Skin Physiological Phenomena
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D018836:Inflammation Mediators