title: Expression of neurogranin in hippocampus of rat offspring exposed to restraint stress and pulsed magnetic fields.
abstract: Stressor acting upon the organism during pregnancy can produce distinct and long lasting effects on the offspring. However, the essential mechanism remains unclear. Neurogranin (Ng) is a postsynaptic brain-specific protein involved in the regulation of calcium signaling and neuronal plasticity. Our purpose was to investigate whether Ng plays a regulating role in the effects of prenatal restraint stress (PS) and prenatal pulsed magnetic fields (PMFs) on the hippocampus of rat offspring. Sprague Dawley female rats at gestational days 14-20 were given restraint stress or pulsed magnetic fields. The male and female offspring rats were sacrificed at the age of 1 month. The expression of Ng in the offspring hippocampus was determined using immunohistochemistry and western blotting. The results showed that PS induces a significantly inhibitory effect on the expression of Ng, especially in female offspring. The 0.11 T of prenatal PMFs could increase the expression of Ng in offspring hippocampus. There was no significant difference between female and male offspring in PMFs group. The prenatal restraint stress-induced decrease in Ng expression in offspring hippocampus might be associated with the deficit in spatial learning and memory reported previously. The 0.11 T of prenatal PMFs induced a significant stimulatory effect on protein expression of Ng. It was believed that PMFs stress might enhance the synaptic growth and remodeling.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi׳an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China; Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shaanxi Province, Xi׳an, Shaanxi 710003, PR China.
authors.forename: Qinghong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Shaanxi Province People׳s Hospital, Xi׳an, Shaanxi 710068, PR China.
authors.forename: Daxin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi׳an Medical University, Xi׳an, Shaanxi 710021, PR China.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, PR China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, Medical School of Xi׳an Jiaotong University, Xi׳an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China.
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi׳an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi׳an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China.
authors.forename: Huiping
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Xi׳an Jiaotong University, Xi׳an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China; Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi׳an, Shaanxi 710069, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhongliang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shaanxi Province, Xi׳an, Shaanxi 710003, PR China.
authors.forename: Junan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi׳an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China. Electronic address: huili@mail.xjtu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D060526:Magnetic Fields; D008297:Male; D051579:Neurogranin / Q000378:metabolism*; D010507:Periodicity; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D011897:Random Allocation; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012149:Restraint, Physical / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: C496651:Nrgn protein, rat; D051579:Neurogranin
keywords: Hippocampus; Neurogranin; Offspring; Prenatal restraint stress; Pulsed magnetic fields