title: Abdominal girth, vertebral column length, and spread of spinal anesthesia in 30 minutes after plain bupivacaine 5 mg/mL.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The spread of spinal anesthesia is highly unpredictable. In patients with increased abdominal girth and short stature, a greater cephalad spread after a fixed amount of subarachnoidally administered plain bupivacaine is often observed. We hypothesized that there is a strong correlation between abdominal girth/vertebral column length and cephalad spread.
  
  
  METHODS
  Age, weight, height, body mass index, abdominal girth, and vertebral column length were recorded for 114 patients. The L3-L4 interspace was entered, and 3 mL of 0.5% plain bupivacaine was injected into the subarachnoid space. The cephalad spread (loss of temperature sensation and loss of pinprick discrimination) was assessed 30 minutes after intrathecal injection. Linear regression analysis was performed for age, weight, height, body mass index, abdominal girth, vertebral column length, and the spread of spinal anesthesia, and the combined linear contribution of age up to 55 years, weight, height, abdominal girth, and vertebral column length was tested by multiple regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Linear regression analysis showed that there was a significant univariate correlation among all 6 patient characteristics evaluated and the spread of spinal anesthesia (all P < 0.039) except for age and loss of temperature sensation (P > 0.068). Multiple regression analysis showed that abdominal girth and the vertebral column length were the key determinants for spinal anesthesia spread (both P < 0.0001), whereas age, weight, and height could be omitted without changing the results (all P > 0.059, all 95% confidence limits < 0.372).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Multiple regression analysis revealed that the combination of a patient's 5 general characteristics, especially abdominal girth and vertebral column length, had a high predictive value for the spread of spinal anesthesia after a given dose of plain bupivacaine.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, China.
authors.forename: Qing-He
authors.initials: QH
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Wang-Pin
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Ying-Yan
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Shen
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D000328:Adult; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013131:Spine / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D002045:Bupivacaine