title: Biomimetic interfaces based on S-layer proteins, lipid membranes and functional biomolecules.
abstract: Designing and utilization of biomimetic membrane systems generated by bottom-up processes is a rapidly growing scientific and engineering field. Elucidation of the supramolecular construction principle of archaeal cell envelopes composed of S-layer stabilized lipid membranes led to new strategies for generating highly stable functional lipid membranes at meso- and macroscopic scale. In this review, we provide a state-of-the-art survey of how S-layer proteins, lipids and polymers may be used as basic building blocks for the assembly of S-layer-supported lipid membranes. These biomimetic membrane systems are distinguished by a nanopatterned fluidity, enhanced stability and longevity and, thus, provide a dedicated reconstitution matrix for membrane-active peptides and transmembrane proteins. Exciting areas in the (lab-on-a-) biochip technology are combining composite S-layer membrane systems involving specific membrane functions with the silicon world. Thus, it might become possible to create artificial noses or tongues, where many receptor proteins have to be exposed and read out simultaneously. Moreover, S-layer-coated liposomes and emulsomes copying virus envelopes constitute promising nanoformulations for the production of novel targeting, delivery, encapsulation and imaging systems.
authors.affiliation: Department of NanoBiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Institute for Synthetic Bioarchitectures, , Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schuster
authors.forename: Uwe B
authors.initials: UB
authors.lastname: Sleytr
mesh_terms: D001105:Archaea / Q000648:ultrastructure; D019843:Archaeal Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D032701:Biomimetics; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D008563:Membrane Lipids / Q000737:chemistry*; D036103:Nanotechnology; D058615:Synthetic Biology; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D019843:Archaeal Proteins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D008563:Membrane Lipids; C055764:S-layer proteins; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins
keywords: biomimetics; crystalline cell surface layer; functionalized interfaces; nanobiotechnology; supported lipid membrane; synthetic biology