title: Sinomenine inhibits microglia activation and attenuates brain injury in intracerebral hemorrhage.
abstract: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) causes morbidity and mortality and commonly follows the reperfusion after an ischemic event. Microglial activation mediated cytokine and protease secretion contributes to brain injury in ICH. Previous studies have shown that sinomenine possesses potent immunoregulatory properties. However, little is known about its exact role in ICH. In the present study, to investigate the effect of sinomenine on microglial cells inflammation, we treated ICH-challenged BV2 microglial cells with sinomenine in vitro, and explored its neuroprotection role in intracerebral hemorrhage in vivo. Changes in inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NF-κB activation NF-κB were observed. In addition, the neurological deficit and cerebral water content of ICH mice were studied. The results demonstrated that sinomenine could inhibit the release of these cytokines and attenuate ROS production in a dose-dependent manner, and reduce NF-κB activation. Furthermore, sinomenine markedly inhibited cerebral water content and neurological deficit. In conclusion, our findings suggest that sinomenine played the protective effects through inhibition of microglial inflammation, and the findings also provided a novel therapy to treat ICH induced brain injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, The 476th Hospital of PLA, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, China.
authors.forename: Zhao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, The 476th Hospital of PLA, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, China.
authors.forename: Yongping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, The 476th Hospital of PLA, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, China.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, The 476th Hospital of PLA, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, China.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, The 476th Hospital of PLA, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, China.
authors.forename: Shaokuan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, The 476th Hospital of PLA, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, China.
authors.forename: Hanchao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, The 476th Hospital of PLA, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, China. Electronic address: ytt83812280@sina.com.
authors.forename: Bangqing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yuan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D002460:Cell Line; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000276:immunology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D017628:Microglia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D009019:Morphinans / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000276:immunology; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000276:immunology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D009019:Morphinans; D016328:NF-kappa B; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C009271:sinomenine
keywords: Intracerebral hemorrhage; Microglia; Sinomenine