title: Online monitoring of myocardial bioprosthesis for cardiac repair.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to develop a myocardial bioprosthesis for cardiac repair with an integrated online monitoring system. Myocardial infarction (MI) causes irreversible myocyte loss and scar formation. Tissue engineering to reduce myocardial scar size has been tested with variable success, yet scar formation and modulation by an engineered graft is incompletely characterized.
  
  
  METHODS
  Decellularized human pericardium was embedded using self-assembling peptide RAD16-I with or without GFP-labeled mediastinal adipose tissue-derived progenitor cells (MATPCs). Resulting bioprostheses were implanted over the ischemic myocardium in the swine model of MI (n=8 treated and n=5 control animals). For in vivo electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) monitoring, two electrodes were anchored to construct edges, covered by NanoGold particles and connected to an impedance-based implantable device. Histological evaluation was performed to identify and characterize GFP cells on post mortem myocardial sections.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pluripotency, cardiomyogenic and endothelial potential and migratory capacity of porcine-derived MATPCs were demonstrated in vitro. Decellularization protocol efficiency, biodegradability, as well as in vitro biocompatibility after recellularization were also verified. One month after myocardial bioprosthesis implantation, morphometry revealed a 36% reduction in infarct area, Ki67(+)-GFP(+)-MATPCs were found at infarct core and border zones, and bioprosthesis vascularization was confirmed by presence of Griffonia simplicifolia lectin I (GSLI) B4 isolectin(+)-GFP(+)-MATPCs. Electrical impedance measurement at low and high frequencies (10 kHz-100 kHz) allowed online monitoring of scar maturation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With clinical translation as ultimate goal, this myocardial bioprosthesis holds promise to be a viable candidate for human cardiac repair.
authors.affiliation: ICREC (Heart Failure and Cardiac Regeneration) Research Lab, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Cardiology Service, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: cprat@igtp.cat.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Prat-Vidal
authors.affiliation: ICREC (Heart Failure and Cardiac Regeneration) Research Lab, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Cardiology Service, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gálvez-Montón
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, Institut Químic de Sarrià (IQS), Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Verónica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Puig-Sanvicens
authors.affiliation: Electronic and Biomedical Instrumentation Group, Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sanchez
authors.affiliation: Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, JUMISC, Cáceres, Spain.
authors.forename: Idoia
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Díaz-Güemes
authors.affiliation: Electronic and Biomedical Instrumentation Group, Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Paco
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bogónez-Franco
authors.affiliation: ICREC (Heart Failure and Cardiac Regeneration) Research Lab, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Cardiology Service, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Isaac
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Perea-Gil
authors.affiliation: ICREC (Heart Failure and Cardiac Regeneration) Research Lab, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Cardiology Service, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Casas-Solà
authors.affiliation: ICREC (Heart Failure and Cardiac Regeneration) Research Lab, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Cardiology Service, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Santiago
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roura
authors.affiliation: ICREC (Heart Failure and Cardiac Regeneration) Research Lab, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Cardiology Service, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Aida
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Llucià-Valldeperas
authors.affiliation: ICREC (Heart Failure and Cardiac Regeneration) Research Lab, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Cardiology Service, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Soler-Botija
authors.affiliation: Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, JUMISC, Cáceres, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Margallo
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, Institut Químic de Sarrià (IQS), Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Carlos E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Semino
authors.affiliation: Electronic and Biomedical Instrumentation Group, Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Ramon
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bragos
authors.affiliation: ICREC (Heart Failure and Cardiac Regeneration) Research Lab, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Cardiology Service, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine, University Autonomous of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: abayesgenis@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Antoni
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bayes-Genis
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology / Q000637:transplantation*; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D001705:Bioprosthesis; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018670:Monitoring, Ambulatory / Q000379:methods*; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D009862:Online Systems; D010496:Pericardium / Q000166:cytology / Q000637:transplantation*; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation / Q000379:methods*; D013552:Swine
keywords: Adipose tissue derived progenitor cells; Decellularized pericardium; Myocardial bioprosthesis; Myocardial infarction; Swine model