title: Analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic activities of Caesalpinia decapetala.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In many pathological conditions, pain, inflammation and fever are interdependent to each other. Due to the use of synthetic drugs, many unwanted effects usually appear. Various studies have been conducted on Caesalpinia decapetala (C. decapetala) to evaluate its effects in the treatment of various diseases but no sufficient scientific literature is available online to prove its analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic activities.
  
  
  METHODS
  The analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic activities of 70% aqueous methanolic and n-hexane extracts of C. decapetala was evaluated using Swiss albino mice (20-30 g).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that aqueous methanolic extract of C. decapetala at the dose of 100 mg/kg exhibited significant (p< 0.05) activities in various pain models including acetic acid-induced writhing (18.4 ± 0.53), formalin-induced licking (275 ± 4.18) and hot plate method (2.3 ± 0.0328); whereas,  n-hexane extract showed its effects in acetic acid-induced writhing (20 ± 0.31), formalin-induced licking (293 ± 1.20) and hot plate method (2.224 ± 0.029) compared to the effects observed in control group animals. Similarly, the aqueous methanolic extract of C. decapetala after 2 h of treatment exhibited more significant anti-inflammatory (0.66 ± 0.06) and anti-pyretic (38.81 ± 0.05) activities compared to the control group animals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From the findings of our present study, we concluded that the aqueous methanolic extract of C. decapetala has stronger analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic effects than its n-hexane extract. Further studies are required to investigate the active constituents of C. decapetala that exhibit analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic activities.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Amna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Parveen
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan ; Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemical Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Muhammad Sajid Hamid
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Akash
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemical Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Kanwal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rehman
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemical Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Qaisar
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Mahmood
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad Imran
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Qadir
keywords: Carrageenan-induced edema; Extracts of Ceasalpinia decapetala; Formalin-induced analgesia; Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; Yeast-induced pyrexia