title: Effect of experimental tooth clenching on the release of β-endorphin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association between experimental tooth clenching and the release of β-endorphin in patients with myofascial temporomandibular disorders (M-TMD) and healthy subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen M-TMD patients and 15 healthy subjects were included and assigned an experimental tooth-clenching task. Venous blood was collected and pain intensity was noted on a visual analog scale. The masseter pressure pain threshold (PPT) was assessed 2 hours before the clenching task and immediately after. A mixed-model analysis of variance was used for statistical analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant main effects for time and group were observed for pain intensity and PPT, with significantly lower mean values of pain intensity (P < .001) and PPT (P < .01) after the clenching task compared with baseline. M-TMD patients had significantly higher pain intensity (P < .001) and significantly lower PPT (P < .05) than healthy subjects. No significant time or group effects were observed for the level of β-endorphin. Neither pain intensity nor PPT correlated significantly with β-endorphin levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This experimental tooth-clenching task was not associated with significant alterations in β-endorphin levels over time, but with mechanical hyperalgesia and low to moderate levels of pain in healthy subjects and M-TMD patients, respectively. More research is required to understand the role of the β-endorphinergic system in the etiology of M-TMD.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dawson
authors.forename: Lennart
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ljunggren
authors.forename: Malin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ernberg
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Svensson
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: List
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001732:Bite Force; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008406:Masseter Muscle / Q000502:physiology*; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000097:blood*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000502:physiology; D013706:Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome / Q000097:blood*; D001615:beta-Endorphin / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D001615:beta-Endorphin