title: Using an FFQ to assess intakes of dietary flavonols and flavones among female adolescents in the Suihua area of northern China.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study aimed to (i) evaluate the reproducibility and validity of a designed FFQ, (ii) apply the FFQ for estimating the dietary intakes of four flavonols and two flavones in female adolescents and (iii) explain their major dietary sources.
  
  
  METHODS
  The reproducibility between the first and second FFQ administrations (1 year interval) was estimated using the intra-class correlation coefficient. The validity of the first FFQ relative to the average of four three-day 24 h dietary recalls (24-HR) from four seasons was assessed using the Spearman correlation coefficient. Using a flavonoid content database, the individual flavonol and flavone intakes were calculated and the major food sources were estimated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Middle school in Suihua area of Heilongjiang Province, northern China.
  
  
  METHODS
  Female adolescents (n 887) aged 12-18 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Better reproducibility and validity were obtained in the present study. The flavonol and flavone intakes were 16.29 and 4.31 mg/d, respectively. Quercetin and kaempferol were the major contributors (26.8 % and 23.7 %, respectively) to the total intake of flavonols and flavones. The main food sources of flavonols and flavones were apples (14.1 %), followed by potatoes (7.5 %), lettuce (7.3 %) and oranges (7.3 %).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The dietary flavonol and flavone intakes among female adolescents in northern China were similar to those reported in several countries, but significant differences were observed in the food sources ascribed to the geographical location and dietary characteristics.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Children Health and Hygiene,School of Public Health,Harbin Medical University,157 Baojian Road,150081 Harbin,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Caihong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: 2Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene,School of Public Health,Harbin Medical University,Harbin,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: 2Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene,School of Public Health,Harbin Medical University,Harbin,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: 3Department of Children's Health Care,Harbin Children's Hospital,Harbin,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yanping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: 2Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene,School of Public Health,Harbin Medical University,Harbin,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Children Health and Hygiene,School of Public Health,Harbin Medical University,157 Baojian Road,150081 Harbin,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xia
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002681:China; D032084:Citrus sinensis; D004032:Diet / Q000208:ethnology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004435:Eating / Q000208:ethnology*; D005260:Female; D047309:Flavones / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D044948:Flavonols / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D044949:Kaempferols / Q000032:analysis; D018545:Lactuca; D027845:Malus; D009749:Nutrition Surveys / Q000379:methods*; D011794:Quercetin / Q000032:analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012574:Schools; D011198:Solanum tuberosum; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013334:Students; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D047309:Flavones; D044948:Flavonols; D044949:Kaempferols; C006552:kaempferol; D011794:Quercetin
keywords: Female adolescents