title: Bone formation in a rat tibial defect model using carboxymethyl cellulose/BioC/bone morphogenic protein-2 hybrid materials.
abstract: The objective of this study was to assess whether carboxymethyl cellulose- (CMC-) based hydrogel containing BioC (biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP); tricalcium phosphate (TCP) : hydroxyapatite (Hap) = 70 : 30) and bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) led to greater bone formation than CMC-based hydrogel containing BioC without BMP-2. In order to demonstrate bone formation at 4 and 8 weeks, plain radiographs, microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) evaluation, and histological studies were performed after implantation of all hybrid materials on an 8 mm defect of the right tibia in rats. The plain radiographs and micro-CT analyses revealed that CMC/BioC/BMP-2 (0.5 mg) led to much greater mineralization at 4 and 8 weeks than did CMC/BioC or CMC/Bio/BMP-2 (0.1 mg). Likewise, bone formation and bone remodeling studies revealed that CMC/BioC/BMP-2 (0.5 mg) led to a significantly greater amount of bone formation and bone remodeling at 4 and 8 weeks than did CMC/BioC or CMC/BioC/BMP-2 (0.1 mg). Histological studies revealed that mineralized bone tissue was present around the whole circumference of the defect site with CMC/BioC/BMP-2 (0.5 mg) but not with CMC/BioC or CMC/BioC/BMP-2 (0.1 mg) at 4 and 8 weeks. These results suggest that CMC/BioC/BMP-2 hybrid materials induced greater bone formation than CMC/BioC hybrid materials. Thus, CMC/BioC/BMP-2 hybrid materials may be used as an injectable substrate to regenerate bone defects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Myongji Hospital, 55 Hwasu-ro 14 Beon-gil, Deokyang-gu, Goyang 412-826, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Heon
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1160-0696
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rare Diseases Institute, Korea University Medical College, Guro Hospital, No. 80, Guro-dong, Guro-gu, Seoul 152-703, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Pil
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2466-797X
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rare Diseases Institute, Korea University Medical College, Guro Hospital, No. 80, Guro-dong, Guro-gu, Seoul 152-703, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hak-Jun
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Division of Bioimaging, Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, 192-1 Hyoja 2-Dong, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyeongsoon
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rare Diseases Institute, Korea University Medical College, Guro Hospital, No. 80, Guro-dong, Guro-gu, Seoul 152-703, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Eun
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rare Diseases Institute, Korea University Medical College, Guro Hospital, No. 80, Guro-dong, Guro-gu, Seoul 152-703, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hae-Ryong
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects*; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002266:Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013977:Tibia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries*; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
chemical_list: C525720:Bmp2 protein, rat; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D002266:Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium