title: Neuroanatomical distribution of oxytocin and vasopressin 1a receptors in the socially monogamous coppery titi monkey (Callicebus cupreus).
abstract: The coppery titi monkey (Callicebus cupreus) is a socially monogamous New World primate that has been studied in the field and the laboratory to investigate the behavioral neuroendocrinology of primate pair bonding and parental care. Arginine vasopressin has been shown to influence male titi monkey pair-bonding behavior, and studies are currently underway to examine the effects of oxytocin on titi monkey behavior and physiology. Here, we use receptor autoradiography to identify the distribution of arginine vasopressin 1a receptor (AVPR1a) and oxytocin receptors (OXTR) in hemispheres of titi monkey brain (n=5). AVPR1a are diffuse and widespread throughout the brain, but the OXTR distribution is much more limited, with the densest binding being in the hippocampal formation (dentate gyrus, CA1 field) and the presubiculum (layers I and III). Moderate OXTR binding was detected in the nucleus basalis of Meynert, pulvinar, superior colliculus, layer 4C of primary visual cortex, periaqueductal gray (PAG), pontine gray, nucleus prepositus, and spinal trigeminal nucleus. OXTR mRNA overlapped with OXTR radioligand binding, confirming that the radioligand was detecting OXTR protein. AVPR1a binding is present throughout the cortex, especially in cingulate, insular, and occipital cortices, as well as in the caudate, putamen, nucleus accumbens, central amygdala, endopiriform nucleus, hippocampus (CA4 field), globus pallidus, lateral geniculate nucleus, infundibulum, habenula, PAG, substantia nigra, olivary nucleus, hypoglossal nucleus, and cerebellum. Furthermore, we show that, in the titi monkey brain, the OXTR antagonist ALS-II-69 is highly selective for OXTR and that the AVPR1a antagonist SR49059 is highly selective for AVPR1a. Based on these results and the fact that both ALS-II-69 and SR49059 are non-peptide, small-molecule antagonists that should be capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier, these two compounds emerge as excellent candidates for the pharmacological manipulation of OXTR and AVPR1a in future behavioral experiments in titi monkeys and other primate species.
authors.affiliation: Silvio O. Conte Center for Oxytocin and Social Cognition, Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA. Electronic address: smfreem@ucdavis.edu.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.affiliation: Silvio O. Conte Center for Oxytocin and Social Cognition, Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Walum
authors.affiliation: Silvio O. Conte Center for Oxytocin and Social Cognition, Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.affiliation: Silvio O. Conte Center for Oxytocin and Social Cognition, Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; Department of Radiology, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Silvio O. Conte Center for Oxytocin and Social Cognition, Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; Department of Radiology, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Goodman
authors.affiliation: California National Primate Research Center, One Shields Avenue, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Psychology, 135 Young Hall, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Bales
authors.affiliation: Silvio O. Conte Center for Oxytocin and Social Cognition, Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Young
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D065092:Antidiuretic Hormone Receptor Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D001345:Autoradiography; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D010152:Pair Bond; D053820:Pitheciidae / Q000378:metabolism*; D011759:Pyrrolidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D015363:Quinolones / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D018045:Receptors, Oxytocin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D017483:Receptors, Vasopressin / Q000378:metabolism*; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: C000595031:ALS-II-69; D065092:Antidiuretic Hormone Receptor Antagonists; D007211:Indoles; D011759:Pyrrolidines; D015363:Quinolones; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018045:Receptors, Oxytocin; D017483:Receptors, Vasopressin; C082134:relcovaptan; D000109:Acetylcholine
keywords: monogamy; neuroanatomy; neuropeptides; nonhuman primate; pair bonding; receptor binding