title: Short-term esmolol improves coronary artery remodeling in spontaneously hypertensive rats through increased nitric oxide bioavailability and superoxide dismutase activity.
abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the effects of short-term esmolol therapy on coronary artery structure and function and plasma oxidative stress in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). For this purpose, 14-month-old male SHR were treated for 48 hours with esmolol (SHR-E, 300  μ g/kg/min). Age-matched untreated male SHR and Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) were used as hypertensive and normotensive controls, respectively. At the end of intervention we performed a histological study to analyze coronary artery wall width (WW), wall-to-lumen ratio (W/L), and media cross-sectional area (MCSA). Dose-response curves for acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside were constructed. We also assessed several plasma oxidative stress biomarkers, namely, superoxide scavenging activity (SOSA), nitrites, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). We observed a significant reduction in WW (P < 0.001), W/L (P < 0.05), and MCSA (P < 0.01) and improved endothelium-dependent relaxation (AUC(SHR-E) = 201.2 ± 33 versus AUC(SHR) = 97.5 ± 21, P < 0.05) in SHR-E compared with untreated SHR; no differences were observed for WW, MCSA, and endothelium-dependent relaxation by ACh at higher concentrations (10(-6) to 10(-4) mol/l) for SHR-E with respect to WKY. SOSA (P < 0.001) and nitrite (P < 0.01) values were significantly higher in SHR-E than in untreated SHR; however, TAC did not increase after treatment with esmolol. Esmolol improves early coronary artery remodeling in SHR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Reanimation and Intensive Care, Gregorio Marañón University General Hospital, 28007 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arnalich-Montiel
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Autónoma University, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: María Carmen
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: González
authors.affiliation: Department Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Gregorio Marañón University General Hospital, 28007 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Delgado-Baeza
authors.affiliation: Department Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Gregorio Marañón University General Hospital, 28007 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: María Jesús
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Delgado-Martos
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Autónoma University, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Condezo-Hoyos
authors.affiliation: Department Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Gregorio Marañón University General Hospital, 28007 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Antonia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martos-Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Autónoma University, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Reanimation and Intensive Care, Gregorio Marañón University General Hospital, 28007 Madrid, Spain ; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Begoña
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Quintana-Villamandos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis; D001682:Biological Availability; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D011412:Propanolamines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D011412:Propanolamines; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; C036604:esmolol