title: The adhesive strength and initial viscosity of denture adhesives.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the initial viscosity and adhesive strength of modern denture adhesives in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three cream-type denture adhesives (Poligrip S, Corect Cream, Liodent Cream; PGS, CRC, LDC) and three powder-type denture adhesives (Poligrip Powder, New Faston, Zanfton; PGP, FSN, ZFN) were used in this study. The initial viscosity was measured using a controlled-stress rheometer. The adhesive strength was measured according to ISO-10873 recommended procedures. All data were analyzed independently by one-way analysis of variance combined with a Student-Newman-Keuls multiple comparison test at a 5% level of significance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The initial viscosity of all the cream-type denture adhesives was lower than the powder-type adhesives. Before immersion in water, all the powder-type adhesives exhibited higher adhesive strength than the cream-type adhesives. However, the adhesive strength of cream-type denture adhesives increased significantly and exceeded the powder-type denture adhesives after immersion in water. For powder-type adhesives, the adhesive strength significantly decreased after immersion in water for 60 min, while the adhesive strength of the cream-type adhesives significantly decreased after immersion in water for 180 min.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cream-type denture adhesives have lower initial viscosity and higher adhesive strength than powder type adhesives, which may offer better manipulation properties and greater efficacy during application.
authors.affiliation: Dental Materials Laboratory, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology , Beijing , PR China.
authors.forename: Jian-Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Guang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Maimaitishawuti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dilinuer
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Xin-Zhi
authors.initials: XZ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Keiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sasaki
mesh_terms: D000268:Adhesiveness; D000269:Adhesives / Q000737:chemistry*; D003781:Denture Retention; D006801:Humans; D007101:Immersion; D008422:Materials Testing; D009824:Ointments / Q000737:chemistry; D011208:Powders / Q000737:chemistry; D012212:Rheology / Q000295:instrumentation; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013696:Temperature; D014783:Viscosity; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000269:Adhesives; D009824:Ointments; D011208:Powders; D014867:Water
keywords: adhesive strength; denture adhesive; viscosity