title: Differential expression of long noncoding RNA in primary and recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent studies suggested that non-protein-coding genes are implicated in the tumorigenic process of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). In the present study, we aimed to identify the differentially expressed long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) using data available in the public domain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Microarray data set GSE12452 was reannotated with ncFANs. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to quantify and validate the identified lncRNAs in NPC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In primary NPC, upregulation of lnc-C22orf32-1, lnc-AL355149.1-1, and lnc-ZNF674-1 was observed. High levels of lnc-C22orf32-1 and lnc-AL355149.1-1 were significantly associated with the male patients. In addition, increased expression of lnc-C22orf32-1 and lnc-ZNF674-1 was associated with advanced tumor stages. Recurrent NPC displayed a distinctive lncRNA expression pattern. lnc-BCL2L11-3 was significantly increased in the recurrent NPC tissues. In addition, significant reduction of lnc-AL355149.1-1 and lnc-ZNF674-1 was observed in the recurrent NPC tissues.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results demonstrated that it is feasible to identify the differentially expressed lncRNA in the microarray dataset by functional reannotation. The association of lncRNA with gender and tumor size implicated that lncRNA possibly plays a part in the pathogenesis of primary NPC. Further, the distinctive lncRNA identified in the recurrent NPC may reveal a distinctive development mechanism underlying tumor recurrence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Jimmy Yu-Wai
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Thian-Sze
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002277:Carcinoma; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077274:Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma; D009303:Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012372:ROC Curve; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding