title: Expression levels of surfactant-associated proteins and inflammation cytokines in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid among coal miners: a case-control study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether the Th1/Th2 balance and expressions of surfactant-associated proteins and cytokines in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) are associated with the development of coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP).
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-control study was conducted among 72 CWP cases and 68 controls. Th1 and Th2 populations were measured by flow cytometry. Expressions of surfactant-associated proteins A and D (SPA and SPD) and cytokines in serum and BALF were detected by enzyme-linked-immunosorbent serologic assay. Data were analyzed by t test and logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Higher Th2 and lower Th1/Th2 were observed in CWP (P < 0.05). Increased CWP risk was associated with elevated BALF-interleukin-10 (odds ratio [OR]: 25.97; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.17 to 49.77), serum-SPA/BALF-SPA (OR: 12.87; 95% CI: 1.11 to 148.72), and serum-SPD/BALF-SPD (OR: 77.91; 95% CI: 5.64 to 161.46), decreased BALF-SPA (OR: 0.06; 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.31) and BALF-SPD (OR: 0.07; 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.36).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The development of CWP might be associated with Th1/Th2 imbalance and increased BALF-interleukin-10, serum-SPA/BALF-SPA, and serum-SPD/BALF-SPD.
authors.affiliation: From the Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Mr Zhou, Dr Wang, Mr Cui, Dr Guo, and Dr Chen), Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating) and Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei; The Central Hospital of Xishan Coal and Power Company (Dr Xing), Taiyuan, Shanxi; and Hubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Dr Liu), Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Haijiao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jingcai
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.forename: Yuewei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xiuqing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Jiali
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Weihong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D055008:Anthracosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003032:Coal Mining; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D004391:Dust; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D019570:Inhalation Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D037662:Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein A / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D037663:Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein D / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D016207:Cytokines; D004391:Dust; D037662:Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein A; D037663:Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein D