title: Deficits during Voluntary Selection in Adult Patients with ADHD: New Insights from Single-Trial Coupling of Simultaneous EEG/fMRI.
abstract: Deficits in executive functions, including voluntary decisions are among the core symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) patients. In order to clarify the spatiotemporal characteristics of these deficits, a simultaneous EEG/functional MRI (fMRI) study was performed. Single-trial coupling was used to integrate temporal EEG information in the fMRI analyses and to correlate the trial by trial variation in the different event-related potential amplitudes with fMRI BOLD responses. The results demonstrated that during voluntary selection early electrophysiological responses (N2) were associated with responses in similar brain regions in healthy participants as well as in ADHD patients, e.g., in the medial-frontal cortex and the inferior parietal gyrus. However, ADHD patients presented significantly reduced N2-related BOLD responses compared to healthy controls especially in frontal areas. These results support the hypothesis that in ADHD patients executive deficits are accompanied by early dysfunctions, especially in frontal brain areas.
authors.affiliation: Neurophysiology and Functional Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University , Munich , Germany.
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karch
authors.affiliation: Neurophysiology and Functional Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University , Munich , Germany.
authors.forename: Julia Madeleine
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Voelker
authors.affiliation: Neurophysiology and Functional Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University , Munich , Germany.
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Thalmeier
authors.affiliation: Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ertl
authors.affiliation: Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany.
authors.forename: Gregor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Leicht
authors.affiliation: Neurophysiology and Functional Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University , Munich , Germany.
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Pogarell
authors.affiliation: Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mulert
keywords: ADHD; EEG; event-related potentials; executive functions; fMRI; voluntary selection