title: Peroxynitrite and peroxiredoxin in the pathogenesis of experimental amebic liver abscess.
abstract: The molecular mechanisms by which Entamoeba histolytica causes amebic liver abscess (ALA) are still not fully understood. Amebic mechanisms of adherence and cytotoxic activity are pivotal for amebic survival but apparently do not directly cause liver abscess. Abundant evidence indicates that chronic inflammation (resulting from an inadequate immune response) is probably the main cause of ALA. Reports referring to inflammatory mechanisms of liver damage mention a repertoire of toxic molecules by the immune response (especially nitric oxide and reactive oxygen intermediates) and cytotoxic substances released by neutrophils and macrophages after being lysed by amoebas (e.g., defensins, complement, and proteases). Nevertheless, recent evidence downplays these mechanisms in abscess formation and emphasizes the importance of peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)). It seems that the defense mechanism of amoebas against ONOO(-), namely, the amebic thioredoxin system (including peroxiredoxin), is superior to that of mammals. The aim of the present text is to define the importance of ONOO(-) as the main agent of liver abscess formation during amebic invasion, and to explain the superior capacity of amoebas to defend themselves against this toxic agent through the peroxiredoxin and thioredoxin system.
authors.affiliation: Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, IPN, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, 11340 México, DF, Mexico.
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pacheco-Yepez
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Morfología, Escuela Superior de Medicina, IPN, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, 11340 México, DF, Mexico.
authors.forename: Rosa Adriana
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0467-2528
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Jarillo-Luna
authors.affiliation: Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, IPN, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, 11340 México, DF, Mexico.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gutierrez-Meza
authors.affiliation: Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, IPN, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, 11340 México, DF, Mexico.
authors.forename: Edgar
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0807-7104
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Abarca-Rojano
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquimica, Escuela Superior de Medicina, IPN, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, 11340 México, DF, Mexico.
authors.forename: Bruce Allan
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquimica, Escuela Superior de Medicina, IPN, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, 11340 México, DF, Mexico.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Campos-Rodriguez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D006224:Cricetinae; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D008101:Liver Abscess, Amebic; D051379:Mice; D008954:Models, Biological; D054464:Peroxiredoxins; D030421:Peroxynitrous Acid; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D030421:Peroxynitrous Acid; D054464:Peroxiredoxins