title: Rotary suspension culture enhances mesendoderm differentiation of embryonic stem cells through modulation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
abstract: Recently, physical factors in the local cellular microenvironment have been confirmed with strong influences on regulating stem cell fate. Despite the recent identification of the rotary cell culture system (RCCS) as a bioreactor for culturing stem cells, the underlying biological role provided by RCCS in the lineage differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) remains largely undefined. Here, we explored the embryoid body (EB) formation and subsequent differentiation of mouse ESCs in RCCS. We demonstrated that EBs formed in RCCS were more homogeneous and bigger in size compared with those in the static condition. Further, we determined that mesendoderm differentiation was prominently enhanced, while neuroectodermal differentiation was significantly suppressed in RCCS. Surprisingly, we found that Wnt/β-catenin signaling was greatly enhanced mainly due to the increased expression of Wnt3 during ESC differentiation in RCCS. Inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling by DKK1 decreased the expression of Brachyury and attenuated mesendoderm differentiation in RCCS. Intriguingly, Wnt3a markedly increased Brachyury expression under static condition rather than in RCCS. Taken together, our findings uncover a new role of rotary suspension culture in initializing the early differentiation of ESCs.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.
authors.forename: Xiaohua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.forename: Zhili
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Huishan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Huashan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Jiaxi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Shuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Lina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ning
authors.forename: Yujing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Xinyue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xudong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Enkui
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Duan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D058732:Embryoid Bodies / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D004707:Endoderm / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005326:Fetal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020825:T-Box Domain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051153:Wnt Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000098908:Brachyury Protein
chemical_list: D005326:Fetal Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D020825:T-Box Domain Proteins; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D051176:beta Catenin; D000098908:Brachyury Protein