title: Individual differences in forced-choice recognition memory: partitioning contributions of recollection and familiarity.
abstract: In forced-choice recognition memory, two different testing formats are possible under conditions of high target-foil similarity: Each target can be presented alongside foils similar to itself (forced-choice corresponding; FCC), or alongside foils similar to other targets (forced-choice noncorresponding; FCNC). Recent behavioural and neuropsychological studies suggest that FCC performance can be supported by familiarity whereas FCNC performance is supported primarily by recollection. In this paper, we corroborate this finding from an individual differences perspective. A group of older adults were given a test of FCC and FCNC recognition for object pictures, as well as standardized tests of recall, recognition, and IQ. Recall measures were found to predict FCNC, but not FCC performance, consistent with a critical role for recollection in FCNC only. After the common influence of recall was removed, standardized tests of recognition predicted FCC, but not FCNC performance. This is consistent with a contribution of only familiarity in FCC. Simulations show that a two-process model, where familiarity and recollection make separate contributions to recognition, is 10 times more likely to give these results than a single-process model. This evidence highlights the importance of recognition memory test design when examining the involvement of recollection and familiarity.
authors.affiliation: a King's College London, Department of Psychological Medicine , Institute of Psychiatry , London , UK.
authors.forename: Ellen M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Migo
authors.forename: Joel R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Quamme
authors.forename: Selina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Holmes
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bendell
authors.forename: Kenneth A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Norman
authors.forename: Andrew R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Mayes
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Montaldi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001288:Attention; D002755:Choice Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007206:Individuality; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000502:physiology*; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D021641:Recognition, Psychology / Q000502:physiology*; D012044:Regression Analysis
keywords: Familiarity; Memory; Recall; Recognition memory; Recollection