title: Photoelectron spectroscopy of aqueous solutions: streaming potentials of NaX (X = Cl, Br, and I) solutions and electron binding energies of liquid water and X-.
abstract: The streaming potentials of liquid beams of aqueous NaCl, NaBr, and NaI solutions are measured using soft X-ray, He(I), and laser multiphoton ionization photoelectron spectroscopy. Gaseous molecules are ionized in the vicinity of liquid beams and the photoelectron energy shifts are measured as a function of the distance between the ionization point and the liquid beam. The streaming potentials change their polarity with concentration of electrolytes, from which the singular points of concentration eliminating the streaming potentials are determined. The streaming currents measured in air also vanish at these concentrations. The electron binding energies of liquid water and I(-), Br(-), and Cl(-) anions are revisited and determined more accurately than in previous studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kurahashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
authors.forename: Shutaro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karashima
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Horio
authors.affiliation: Molecular Reaction Dynamics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan.
authors.forename: Bumaliya
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Abulimiti
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshi-Ichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Molecular Reaction Dynamics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ogi
authors.affiliation: 5RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oura
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshinori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki