title: The Bipolar Prodrome Symptom Interview and Scale-Prospective (BPSS-P): description and validation in a psychiatric sample and healthy controls.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Bipolar Prodrome Symptom Interview and Scale-Prospective (BPSS-P), the first specific interview for emerging bipolar disorder (BD) symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 205 youth aged 12-23 years and/or their caregivers underwent BPSS-P interviews: 129 patients with mood spectrum disorders [depression spectrum disorder (n = 77), mood disorder not otherwise specified (NOS) (n = 27), BD-NOS (n = 14), bipolar I disorder (BD-I)/bipolar II disorder (BD-II)/cyclothymia (n = 11), 34 with non-mood spectrum disorders, and 42 healthy controls (HCs)]. We used Cronbach's α to assess internal consistency; intra-class correlation (ICC) for inter-rater reliability; Spearman's rho for convergent validity with the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), General Behavior Inventory-10-item Mania Form (GBI-M-10), and Cyclothymic-Hypersensitive Temperament (CHT) scale; and analysis of variance for discriminatory power between diagnostic groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Internal consistency was good to very good for the BPSS-P Mania (Cronbach's α = 0.87), Depression (Cronbach's α = 0.89), and General Symptom indices (Cronbach's α = 0.74). Inter-rater reliability was high for the BPSS-P Total score (ICC = 0.939), and BPSS-P Mania (ICC = 0.934), Depression (ICC = 0.985), and General (ICC = 0.981) indices. Convergent validity was large (ρ ≥ 0.50) between the BPSS-P Mania Index and YMRS, GBI-M-10, and CHT; BPSS-P Depression Index and Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and CHT; and BPSS-P General Index and GBI-M-10 and CHT. Expectedly, convergent validity was small (ρ = 0.10 to < 0.30) between the BPSS-P Mania Index and MADRS, and BPSS-P Depression Index and YMRS. Furthermore, the BPSS-P and its subscales discriminated each patient group from HCs and from non-mood spectrum patients (except for the BPSS-P General Index). Moreover, the BPSS-P Total score discriminated BD-I/BD-II/cyclothymia from depression spectrum patients, and the BPSS-Mania Index differentiated all three bipolar spectrum groups from depression spectrum patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The BPSS-P has good to excellent psychometric properties. Its use across multiple settings and predictive validity requires further investigation.
authors.affiliation: The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Psychiatry Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Glen Oaks, NY, USA; Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA; The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Glen Oaks, NY, USA; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Christoph U
authors.initials: CU
authors.lastname: Correll
authors.forename: Doreen M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Olvet
authors.forename: Andrea M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Auther
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hauser
authors.forename: Taishiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kishimoto
authors.forename: Ricardo E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Carrión
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Snyder
authors.forename: Barbara A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Cornblatt
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D062706:Prodromal Symptoms; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: adolescents; bipolar disorder; children; clinical high risk; early recognition; mania; pediatric; prevention; prodrome