title: Molecular epidemiology of Japanese encephalitis virus in mosquitoes during an outbreak in China, 2013.
abstract: Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) can cause serious encephalitis and Culex mosquitoes are the primary vector. In 2013, a JE outbreak occurred in Shandong Province, China with 407 confirmed cases, including 11 deaths. An investigation on JEV in mosquitoes during the outbreak was conducted. A total of 14,719 mosquitoes were collected at 3 sites. For the 12,695 Culex tritaeniorhynchus mosquitoes, 88/201 pooled samples were positive by RT-PCR for the presence of the pre-membrane or envelope protein coding genes. The maximum likelihood estimates of JEV positive individuals per 1,000 vectors were 12.0, 7.2, and 6.0 in the 3 sites respectively with an overall estimate of 9.1. Phylogenetic analysis on these pre-membrane (n = 72) and envelope (n = 26) sequences with those of reference strains revealed they belonged to genotype I. This study describes the molecular epidemiology of JEV and suggests the high infection rate in mosquitoes is an important factor for the outbreak.
authors.affiliation: 1] Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China [2] Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China [3].
authors.forename: Zexin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.affiliation: 1] Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China [2] Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China [3].
authors.forename: Guifang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: 1] Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China [2] Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China [3].
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Huanyu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: 1] Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China [2] Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaojuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: 1] Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China [2] Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lizhi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: 1] Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China [2] Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Suting
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: 1] Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China [2] Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Haiyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: 1] Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China [2] Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaodong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yanyan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: 1] Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China [2] Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Aiqiang
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D009033:Culicidae / Q000821:virology*; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D004664:Encephalitis Virus, Japanese / Q000235:genetics*; D004672:Encephalitis, Japanese / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission*; D017344:Genes, Insect; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D016415:Sequence Alignment