title: Longitudinal Study on Liver Functions in Patients with Thalassemia Major before and after Deferasirox (DFX) Therapy.
abstract: By performing regular blood transfusion and iron chelation therapy, most patients with beta thalassemia major (BTM) now survive beyond the third decade of life. Liver disease is becoming an important cause of morbidity and mortality in these patients. Chronic hepatitis and/or severe iron overload are both important causes of liver pathology. Iron chelation with desferrioxamine (DFO) reduces excessive body iron, but its efficacy is limited by poor compliance and dose related toxicity. The recent use of Deferasirox ( DFX ), an oral single dose therapy, has improved the compliance to chelation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study the long-term liver functions in BMT patients, seronegative for liver infections before versus after DFX treatment in relation to ferritin level.
  
  
  METHODS
  Only BTM patients with hepatitis negative screening (checked every year) and on treatment with DFO for at least five years and with DFX for four years were enrolled. Liver function tests including serum bilirubin, alanine transferase (ALT), aspartate transferase (AST), albumin, insulin-like growth factor - I (IGF-I) and serum ferritin concentrations were followed every six months in 40 patients with BTM.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DFX treatment (20 mg/kg/day) significantly decreased serum ferritin level in patients with BTM; this was associated with a significant decrease in serum ALT, AST, ALP and increase in IGF-I concentrations. Albumin concentrations did not change after DFX treatment. ALT and AST levels were correlated significantly with serum ferritin concentrations ( r = 0.45 and 0.33 respectively, p < 0.05). IGF-I concentrations were correlated significantly with serum ALT (r= 0.26, p = 0.05) but not with AST, ALP, bilirubin or albumin levels. The negative correlation between serum ferritin concentrations and ALT suggests that the impairment of hepatic function negatively affect IGF-I synthesis in these patients due to iron toxicity, even in the absence of hepatitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Some impairment of liver function can occur in hepatitis negative thalassemic patients with iron overload. The use of DFX was associated with mild but significant reduction of ALT, AST and ALP and increase in IGF-I levels. The negative correlation between IGF-I and ALT concentrations suggest that preventing hepatic dysfunction may improve the growth potential in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Alexandria University Children's Hospital, Alexandria, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ashraf
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Soliman
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pediatrics, Hamad Medical Center (HMC), Doha - Qatar.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yassin
authors.affiliation: Departments of Hematology, Hamad Medical Center (HMC), Doha - Qatar.
authors.forename: Fawzia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Al Yafei
authors.affiliation: Departments of Hematology, Hamad Medical Center (HMC), Doha - Qatar.
authors.forename: Lolwa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Al-Naimi
authors.affiliation: Departments of Hematology, Hamad Medical Center (HMC), Doha - Qatar.
authors.forename: Noora
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Almarri
authors.affiliation: Departments of Hematology, Hamad Medical Center (HMC), Doha - Qatar.
authors.forename: Aml
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sabt
authors.affiliation: Pediatric and Adolescent Outpatient Clinic, Quisisana Hospital, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: De Sanctis