title: [Surgical treatment of congenital heart diseases with tracheal stenosis].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To retrospectively analyze the experience of one-stage surgical correction for children with congenital heart diseases and tracheal stenosis and further to clear the principle of treatment for these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 2006 to June 2013, 48 patients with congenital heart diseases and tracheal stenosis underwent surgical correction. There were 36 male and 12 female patients. The mean age at operation was (23 ± 27)months (range: 3-72 months) and the mean weight was (12 ± 8) kg (range: 3.4-46.0 kg). The underlying diagnoses were pulmonary sling in 33 patients, double aortic arch in 3, tetrology of Fallot in 6, ventricular septal defect in 4, double outlet right ventricle in 1, and pulmonary atresia in 1 patient. Among them, short tracheal stenosis was present in 15, long tracheal stenosis in 25 and bridging bronchus in 8 patients. Repairs with autogenous tracheal tissue were performed in 6, and end-to-end anastomosis in 11 and slide tracheoplasty in 31 patients. Two patients had granulation tissue growing in the airway postoperatively and were re-operated by autogenous rib tissue. All of patients were followed up after operation 1, 3, 6, 12 months and if the patient had symptoms that should be examined by bronchoscopy. The patients should be examined by CT post-operation one year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 7 deaths in all 48 cases and the early mortality was 14.6%. Two deaths were not related to tracheal stenosis, and other 5 were associated with long segment tracheal stenosis. Forty-one patients were followed for 2 months to 6 years, and no patients required re-operations. Clinical symptoms of tracheal stenosis disappeared and the results of CT scan were satisfied.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  One stage surgical repair of the patients with congenital heart diseases and tracheal stenosis have a good effect. Slide tracheoplasty is the effective surgical method for long segment tracheal stenosis. Postoperative granulation tissue growing in the airway is the leading cause of death.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Medical College of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China. Email: zwxumd@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Zhiwei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Medical College of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.
authors.forename: Shunmin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Medical College of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.
authors.forename: Xinwei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Medical College of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.
authors.forename: Zhaokang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Medical College of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.
authors.forename: Wenxiang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ding
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014135:Tracheal Stenosis / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*