title: The restorative effect of intramuscular injection of tetanus toxin C-fragment in hemiparkinsonian rats.
abstract: The C-terminal domain of the heavy chain of tetanus toxin (Hc-TeTx) is a peptide that has a neuroprotective action against dopaminergic damage by MPP(+), both in vitro and in vivo. The trophic effects of Hc-TeTx have been related to its ability to activate the pathways of the tropomyosin receptor kinase, which are crucial for survival process. Our group had previously shown neuroprotective effect of intramuscular Hc-TeTx treatment on animals with a dopaminergic lesion; however, there is no evidence indicating its restorative effects on advanced dopaminergic neurodegeneration. The aim of our study was to examine the restorative effects of an intramuscular injection of the Hc-TeTx fragment on the nigrostriatal system of hemiparkinsonian rats. The animals were administered with a vehicle or Hc-TeTx (20μg/kg) in the gastrocnemius muscle for three consecutive days post-dopaminergic lesion, which was made using 6-hydroxydopamine. Post-Hc-TeTx treatment, the hemiparkinsonian rats showed constant motor asymmetry. Moreover, the ipsilateral striatum of the post-Hc-TeTx group had a lower number of argyrophilic structures and a major immunorreactivity to Tyrosine Hydroxylase in the striatum and the substantia nigra pars compacta compared to the 6-OHDA group. Our results show the restorative effect of the Hc-TeTx fragment during the dopaminergic neurodegeneration caused by 6-OHDA.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico.
authors.forename: Alejandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sánchez-González
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico; Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Liliana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mendieta
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico.
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Palafox
authors.affiliation: Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular and Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Candalija
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico.
authors.forename: Félix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Luna
authors.affiliation: Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular and Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aguilera
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico. Electronic address: ilhlimon@yahoo.com.mx.
authors.forename: Ilhuicamina Daniel
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Limón
mesh_terms: D018663:Adrenergic Agents / Q000633:toxicity; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002452:Cell Count; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000187:drug effects; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D009466:Neuromuscular Blocking Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016627:Oxidopamine / Q000633:toxicity; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013744:Tetanus Toxin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013997:Time Factors; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018663:Adrenergic Agents; D009466:Neuromuscular Blocking Agents; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D013744:Tetanus Toxin; C040635:tetanus toxin fragment C; D016627:Oxidopamine; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase
keywords: C-terminal domain of the heavy chain of tetanus toxin; Motor asymmetry; Neurodegeneration; Parkinson's disease; Restoration; Substantia nigra pars compacta