title: Influence of inadequate antimicrobial therapy on prognosis in elderly patients with severe urinary tract infections.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Inadequate empirical antimicrobial therapy (IEAT) in intensive care unit (ICU) is associated with adverse outcomes. However, the influence of IEAT on prognosis for elderly patients with urinary tract infection (UTI) in non-ICU settings is unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective cross-sectional study of elderly patients admitted to a non-ICU ward in a university hospital with a primary diagnosis of UTI over a 3-year period was done. Data relating to age, sex, background comorbidities, severity of infection, bacteremia, microorganisms isolated in urine, treatment given, length of stay and prognosis were obtained using chart review. Cases were segregated according to the adequacy of empirical antimicrobial therapy. In-hospital mortality rate was the main outcome variable evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 270 patients with a mean age of 83.7years were studied. Sixty-eight percent were health-care associated infections. Seventy-nine (29.3%) cases received IEAT. IEAT was associated with previous hospitalization, urinary catheter and previous antibiotic. A Gram stain of urine with a gram-positive cocci was predictive of IEAT by multivariate analysis (OR, 6.29; 95% CI, 1.05-37.49). In-hospital mortality rate was 8.9%. IEAT (OR, 3.47; 95% CI, 1.42-8.48) was an independent risk factor for mortality along with APACHE II ≥15 (OR, 3.14; 95% CI, 1.24-7.90), dementia (OR, 3.10; 95% CI, 1.19-8.07) and neoplasia (OR, 3.49; 95% CI, 1.13-10.77). IEAT was not associated with length of stay in hospital.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IEAT is associated with mortality in elderly patients with UTI admitted to a non-ICU ward, suggesting that improving empirical antimicrobial therapy could have a favorable impact on prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Dr. Peset, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Esparcia
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Dr. Peset, Universitat de València, Spain. Electronic address: arturo.artero@uv.es.
authors.forename: Arturo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Artero
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Universidad de Valladolid, Spain.
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Eiros
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Dr. Peset, Spain.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Balaguer
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Dr. Peset, Spain.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Madrazo
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Dr. Peset, Universitat de València, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alberola
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Dr. Peset, Universitat de València, Spain.
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Nogueira
mesh_terms: D018806:APACHE; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004358:Drug Therapy / Q000592:standards; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: Elderly; Inadequate empirical antimicrobial therapy; Mortality; Urinary tract infection