title: Modeling the effect of cigarette smoke on hexose utilization in spermatocytes.
abstract: We set out to determine whether the addition of an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) antagonist has an effect on glucose/fructose utilization in the spermatocyte when exposed to cigarette smoke condensate (CSC). We exposed male germ cells to 5 and 40 μg/mL of CSC ± 10 μmol/L of AHR antagonist at various time points. Immunoblot expression of specific glucose/fructose transporters was compared to control. Radiolabeled uptake of 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) and fructose was also performed. Spermatocytes utilized fructose nearly 50-fold more than 2-DG. Uptake of 2-DG decreased after CSC + AHR antagonist exposure. Glucose transporters (GLUTs) 9a and 12 declined after CSC + AHR antagonist exposure. Synergy between CSC and the AHR antagonist in spermatocytes may disrupt the metabolic profile in vitro. Toxic exposures alter energy homeostasis in early stages of male germ cell development, which could contribute to later effects explaining decreases in sperm motility in smokers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA omurtagk@wudosis.wustl.edu.
authors.forename: Kenan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Omurtag
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
authors.forename: Prabagaran
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Esakky
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Washington University St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
authors.forename: Brian J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Debosch
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
authors.forename: Erica L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Schoeller
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
authors.forename: Maggie M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
authors.forename: Kelle H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Moley
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001391:Azo Compounds / Q000633:toxicity; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D003847:Deoxyglucose / Q000378:metabolism; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D005632:Fructose / Q000378:metabolism; D051246:Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative / Q000378:metabolism; D006601:Hexoses / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000633:toxicity; D018336:Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D012906:Smoke / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013090:Spermatocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D001391:Azo Compounds; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D003847:Deoxyglucose; D005632:Fructose; D051246:Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative; D006601:Hexoses; D011720:Pyrazoles; D018336:Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon; D012906:Smoke; C511621:2-methyl-2H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid (2-methyl-4-o-tolylazophenyl)amide; C484722:Ahr protein, mouse; C498337:Slc2a12 protein, mouse; C498775:Slc2a9 protein, mouse
keywords: GLUT12; GLUT9a; cigarette smoke; fructose; spermatocytes