title: Effect of virtual reality on upper extremity function in children with cerebral palsy: a meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To systematically examine the effect of virtual reality (VR) on upper extremity (UE) function in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and assess the association among VR effects and children's characteristics and an intervention protocol.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane, and PsycINFO up to June 2013. Research studies involving children with CP that used VR as the intervention method and UE outcome measures were included.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The search yielded 14 research articles, including 3 randomized controlled trials and 11 case series. Overall, VR provided a strong effect size (d = 1.00) when comparing pre- and postintervention. In subgroup analyses, younger children receiving home-based or laboratory-based VR and using an engineer-built VR system showed better improvement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Virtual reality is a viable tool to improve UE function in children with CP. However, a more vigorous research design is needed to make a conclusive recommendation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy (Dr Chen) and School of Nursing (Dr Lee), Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia; School of Electronic and Computer Engineering (Dr Howard), Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Yu-ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Shih-Yu
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ayanna M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Howard
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000367:Age Factors; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D002648:Child; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006801:Humans; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D020127:Recovery of Function; D034941:Upper Extremity; D014584:User-Computer Interface