title: Interindividual variability of lutein bioavailability in healthy men: characterization, genetic variants involved, and relation with fasting plasma lutein concentration.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lutein accumulates in the macula and brain, where it is assumed to play physiologic roles. The bioavailability of lutein is assumed to display a high interindividual variability that has been hypothesized to be attributable, at least partly, to genetic polymorphisms.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We characterized the interindividual variability in lutein bioavailability in humans, assessed the relation between this variability and the fasting blood lutein concentration, and identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) involved in this phenomenon.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a randomized, 2-way crossover study, 39 healthy men consumed a meal that contained a lutein supplement or the same meal for which lutein was provided through a tomato puree. The lutein concentration was measured in plasma chylomicrons isolated at regular time intervals over 8 h postprandially. Multivariate statistical analyses were used to identify a combination of SNPs associated with the postprandial chylomicron lutein response (0-8-h area under the curve). A total of 1785 SNPs in 51 candidate genes were selected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Postprandial chylomicron lutein responses to meals were very variable (CV of 75% and 137% for the lutein-supplement meal and the meal with tomato-sourced lutein, respectively). Postprandial chylomicron lutein responses measured after the 2 meals were positively correlated (r = 0.68, P < 0.0001) and positively correlated to the fasting plasma lutein concentration (r = 0.51, P < 0.005 for the lutein-supplement-containing meal). A significant (P = 1.9 × 10(-4)) and validated partial least-squares regression model, which included 29 SNPs in 15 genes, explained most of the variance in the postprandial chylomicron lutein response.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ability to respond to lutein appears to be, at least in part, genetically determined. The ability is explained, in large part, by a combination of SNPs in 15 genes related to both lutein and chylomicron metabolism. Finally, our results suggest that the ability to respond to lutein and blood lutein status are related. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02100774.
authors.affiliation: From Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) INRA1260, Marseille, France (PB, CD, MN, and RB); the Institut National de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR_S 1062, Marseille, France (PB, CD, MN, and RB); Aix Marseille Université, Nutrition Obésité et Risque Thrombotique, Marseille, France (PB, CD, MN, and RB); the Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) Hôpital de la Conception, Marseille, France (SM); and the CIC Hôpital Nord, Marseille, France (NL).
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Borel
authors.affiliation: From Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) INRA1260, Marseille, France (PB, CD, MN, and RB); the Institut National de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR_S 1062, Marseille, France (PB, CD, MN, and RB); Aix Marseille Université, Nutrition Obésité et Risque Thrombotique, Marseille, France (PB, CD, MN, and RB); the Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) Hôpital de la Conception, Marseille, France (SM); and the CIC Hôpital Nord, Marseille, France (NL).
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Desmarchelier
authors.affiliation: From Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) INRA1260, Marseille, France (PB, CD, MN, and RB); the Institut National de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR_S 1062, Marseille, France (PB, CD, MN, and RB); Aix Marseille Université, Nutrition Obésité et Risque Thrombotique, Marseille, France (PB, CD, MN, and RB); the Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) Hôpital de la Conception, Marseille, France (SM); and the CIC Hôpital Nord, Marseille, France (NL).
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nowicki
authors.affiliation: From Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) INRA1260, Marseille, France (PB, CD, MN, and RB); the Institut National de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR_S 1062, Marseille, France (PB, CD, MN, and RB); Aix Marseille Université, Nutrition Obésité et Risque Thrombotique, Marseille, France (PB, CD, MN, and RB); the Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) Hôpital de la Conception, Marseille, France (SM); and the CIC Hôpital Nord, Marseille, France (NL).
authors.forename: Romain
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bott
authors.affiliation: From Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) INRA1260, Marseille, France (PB, CD, MN, and RB); the Institut National de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR_S 1062, Marseille, France (PB, CD, MN, and RB); Aix Marseille Université, Nutrition Obésité et Risque Thrombotique, Marseille, France (PB, CD, MN, and RB); the Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) Hôpital de la Conception, Marseille, France (SM); and the CIC Hôpital Nord, Marseille, France (NL).
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morange
authors.affiliation: From Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) INRA1260, Marseille, France (PB, CD, MN, and RB); the Institut National de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR_S 1062, Marseille, France (PB, CD, MN, and RB); Aix Marseille Université, Nutrition Obésité et Risque Thrombotique, Marseille, France (PB, CD, MN, and RB); the Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) Hôpital de la Conception, Marseille, France (SM); and the CIC Hôpital Nord, Marseille, France (NL).
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lesavre
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001682:Biological Availability; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D002914:Chylomicrons / Q000097:blood; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005215:Fasting; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D005838:Genotype; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D014975:Lutein / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008297:Male; D062407:Meals; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D019518:Postprandial Period; D051122:Scavenger Receptors, Class B / Q000235:genetics; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D002914:Chylomicrons; C493319:FABP1 protein, human; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; C410800:NPC1L1 protein, human; C495124:SCARB1 protein, human; D051122:Scavenger Receptors, Class B; D014280:Triglycerides; C106092:microsomal triglyceride transfer protein; D002784:Cholesterol; D014975:Lutein