title: Novosphingobium chloroacetimidivorans sp. nov., a chloroacetamide herbicide-degrading bacterium isolated from activated sludge.
abstract: Strain BUT-14(T), a Gram-reaction-negative, non-spore-forming, ellipse-shaped bacterium, was isolated from activated sludge of a chloroacetamide-herbicides-manufacturing wastewater treatment facility. The strain was able to degrade more than 90% of butachlor, acetochlor and alachlor (100 mg l(-1)) within 5 days of incubation. The taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain BUT-14(T) was a member of the genus Novosphingobium and showed the highest sequence similarities to Novosphingobium soli DSM 22821(T) (97.9%), N. naphthalenivorans KACC 15258(T) (97.4%), N. pentaromativorans JCM 12182(T) (97.4%) and N. barchaimii DSM 25411(T) (97.1%) and lower (<97%) sequence similarities to all other species of the genus Novosphingobium. Chemotaxonomic analysis revealed that strain BUT-14(T) possessed Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone, spermidine as the major polyamine and C(18 : 1)ω7c (46.9%), C(17 : 1)ω6c (17.9%), summed feature 3, C(14 : 0) 2-OH (4.4%), C(15 : 0) 2-OH (3.1%) and C(16 : 0) (5.51%) as the major fatty acids. The polar lipids included lipid, glycolipid, phosphatidylglycerol, phospholipid, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, sphingoglycolipid and phospatidyldimethylethanolamine. Strain BUT-14(T) showed low DNA-DNA relatedness with N. soli DSM 22821(T) (41.5±2.9%), N. naphthalenivorans JCM 12182(T) (49.2±4.2%), N. pentaromativorans KACC 12295(T) (53.2±1.9%) and N. barchaimii DSM 25411 (51.2±4.5%). The DNA G+C content was 66±0.3 mol%. The combination of phylogenetic analysis, phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic data and DNA-DNA hybridization supports the suggestion that strain BUT-14(T) represents a novel species of the genus Novosphingobium, for which the name Novosphingobium chloroacetimidivorans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BUT-14(T) ( = CCTCC AB 2013086(T) = KACC 17147(T) = JCM 19923(T)).
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China.
authors.forename: Cheng-Hong
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Korean Agricultural Culture Collection (KACC), National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Suwon 441-707, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Soon-Wo
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China.
authors.forename: Li-Na
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China.
authors.forename: Wen-Biao
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
mesh_terms: D000081:Acetamides; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D001482:Base Composition; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D006540:Herbicides; D007564:Japan; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012722:Sewage / Q000382:microbiology*; D013095:Spermidine / Q000737:chemistry; D042301:Sphingomonadaceae / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014451:Ubiquinone / Q000737:chemistry; D064091:Waste Disposal Facilities
chemical_list: D000081:Acetamides; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D005227:Fatty Acids; D006540:Herbicides; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D012722:Sewage; D014451:Ubiquinone; C013874:chloroacetamide; C025204:Ubiquinone Q2; D013095:Spermidine