title: Local food environments are associated with girls' energy, sugar-sweetened beverage and snack-food intakes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe availability and frequency of use of local snack-food outlets and determine whether reported use of these outlets was associated with dietary intakes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were cross-sectional. Availability and frequency of use of three types of local snack-food outlets were reported. Daily dietary intakes were based on the average of up to four 24 h dietary recalls. Multivariable linear regression models estimated average daily intakes of energy, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and snack foods/sweets associated with use of outlets.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multi-site, observational cohort study in the USA, 2004-2006.
  
  
  METHODS
  Girls aged 6-8 years (n 1010).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Weekly frequency of use of local snack-food outlets increased with number of available types of outlets. Girls with access to only one type of outlet reported consuming food/beverage items less frequently than girls with access to two or three types of outlets (P <0·001). Girls' daily energy, SSB and snack foods/sweets intakes increased with greater use of outlets. Girls who reported using outlets>1 to 3 times/week consumed 0·27 (95 % CI 0·13, 0·40) servings of SSB more daily than girls who reported no use. Girls who reported using outlets>3 times/week consumed 449·61 (95 % CI 134·93, 764·29) kJ, 0·43 (95 % CI 0·29, 0·58) servings of SSB and 0·38 (95 % CI 0·12, 0·65) servings of snack foods/sweets more daily than those who reported no use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Girls' frequency of use of local snack-food outlets increases with the number of available types of outlets and is associated with greater daily intakes of energy and servings of SSB and snack foods/sweets.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Preventive Medicine,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai,17 East 102nd Street D3-130,New York,NY 10029,USA.
authors.forename: Andrea L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Deierlein
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Preventive Medicine,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai,17 East 102nd Street D3-130,New York,NY 10029,USA.
authors.forename: Maida P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Galvez
authors.affiliation: 2Department of Medicine,University of California at San Francisco,San Francisco,CA,USA.
authors.forename: Irene H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Yen
authors.affiliation: 3Department of Environmental Health,University of Cincinnati College of Medicine,Cincinnati,OH,USA.
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Pinney
authors.affiliation: 4Division of Adolescent Medicine,Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center,Cincinnati,OH,USA.
authors.forename: Frank M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Biro
authors.affiliation: 5Division of Research,Kaiser Permanente Northern California,Oakland,CA,USA.
authors.forename: Lawrence H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Kushi
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Preventive Medicine,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai,17 East 102nd Street D3-130,New York,NY 10029,USA.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Teitelbaum
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Preventive Medicine,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai,17 East 102nd Street D3-130,New York,NY 10029,USA.
authors.forename: Mary S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Wolff
mesh_terms: D001628:Beverages / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000191:economics; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior; D002664:Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000191:economics; D019422:Dietary Sucrose / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D002149:Energy Intake; D057140:Fast Foods / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000191:economics; D005260:Female; D005523:Food Supply / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D018673:Nutrition Policy; D064427:Nutritive Sweeteners / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010349:Patient Compliance; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012147:Restaurants; D062410:Snacks; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D019422:Dietary Sucrose; D064427:Nutritive Sweeteners