title: Relationship between metabolic syndrome and periodontitis in 80-year-old Japanese subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Potentially significant associations between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and periodontitis have been reported in recent studies; however, there are limited data on their association in the very old. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the association between MetS and periodontitis among 80-year-old Japanese subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects were 234 Japanese aged 80 years old who participated in a health and periodontal examination in June 2008 in Niigata city, Japan, and were classified into three groups: (i) severe periodontitis: having six or more interproximal sites with clinical attachment level ≥ 6 mm and three or more interproximal sites with probing pocket depth (PPD) ≥ 5 mm (not on the same tooth) (n = 19); (ii) moderate periodontitis: having six or more interproximal sites with clinical attachment level ≥ 4 mm or six or more interproximal sites with PPD ≥ 5 mm (not on the same tooth) (n = 162); and (iii) no or mild periodontitis: neither "moderate" nor "severe" periodontitis (n = 53). MetS was defined using the modified criteria of the guidelines for the diagnosis of MetS in Japan. An ordinal logistic regression model was used to evaluate the association between MetS and periodontitis. Adjustments for gender, income, education, smoking status, dental visiting patterns, brushing frequency, exercise habits and dietary energy and food intake were considered.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 57 individuals (24.4%) were diagnosed as having MetS. MetS was associated with the presence and severity of periodontitis (crude odds ratio = 2.24, 95% confidence interval = 1.14-4.41). This association remained statistically significant after multivariate adjustments (adjusted odds ratio = 2.10, 95% confidence interval = 1.03-4.28).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings provide evidence of an association between MetS and periodontitis in elderly Japanese.
authors.affiliation: Division of Preventive Dentistry, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Minagawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iwasaki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yoshihara
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
mesh_terms: D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003729:Dental Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004522:Educational Status; D002149:Energy Intake; D015444:Exercise; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D057187:Independent Living / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000453:epidemiology; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000453:epidemiology; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D014099:Toothbrushing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
keywords: elderly; epidemiology; metabolic syndrome; periodontitis