title: Electrochemical removal of synthetic textile dyes from aqueous solutions using Ti/Pt anode: role of dye structure.
abstract: In this work, the efficiency of electrochemical oxidation (EO) was investigated for removing a dye mixture containing Novacron Yellow (NY) and Remazol Red (RR) in aqueous solutions using platinum supported on titanium (Ti/Pt) as anode. Different current densities (20, 40 and 60 mA cm(-2)) and temperatures (25, 40 and 60 °C) were studied during electrochemical treatment. After that, the EO of each of these dyes was separately investigated. The EO of each of these dyes was performed, varying only the current density and keeping the same temperature (25 °C). The elimination of colour was monitored by UV-visible spectroscopy, and the degradation of organic compounds was analysed by means of chemical oxygen demand (COD). Data obtained from the analysis of the dye mixture showed that the EO process was effective in colour removal, in which more than 90% was removed. In the case of COD removal, the application of a current density greater than 40 mA cm(-2) favoured the oxygen evolution reaction, and no complete oxidation was achieved. Regarding the analysis of individual anodic oxidation dyes, it was appreciated that the data for the NY were very close to the results obtained for the oxidation of the dye mixture while the RR dye achieved higher colour removal but lower COD elimination. These results suggest that the oxidation efficiency is dependent on the nature of the organic molecule, and it was confirmed by the intermediates identified.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitário s/n, Natal, RN, CEP 59078-970, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cynthia K C
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Araújo
authors.forename: Gustavo R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Nedja S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.forename: Carmem L P S
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Zanta
authors.forename: Suely Souza Leal
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.forename: Djalma R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.forename: Carlos A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Martínez-Huitle
mesh_terms: D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D004566:Electrodes; D010984:Platinum / Q000737:chemistry*; D013783:Textile Industry; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D010984:Platinum; D014025:Titanium