title: Biochemical and antimicrobial activity of phloretin and its glycosilated derivatives present in apple and kumquat.
abstract: Phloretin and its glycosylated derivatives (phlorizin and phloretin 3',5'-di-C-glucoside) are dihydrochalcones that have many interesting biological properties. The results obtained showed that the dihydrochalcones are able to inhibit growth of Gram positive bacteria, in particular Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 13932 and methicillin-resistant S. aureus clinical strains. Moreover, phloretin is active also against the Gram negative bacteria Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 13311. The determination of the enzymatic activity of key metabolic enzymes allowed us to shed some light on the biochemical mechanism of aglycon cell growth inhibition, showing as it remarkably influences the energetic metabolism of S. aureus. In addition, structure/activity determinations highlighted that the presence of a glycosyl moiety bound to the chalcone structure dramatically decreases the antimicrobial activity of phloretin.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy. Electronic address: dbarreca@unime.it.
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Barreca
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Ersilia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bellocco
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Laganà
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e Prodotti per la Salute, Università di Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98166 Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ginestra
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e Prodotti per la Salute, Università di Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98166 Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bisignano
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D027845:Malus / Q000737:chemistry*; D010693:Phloretin / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010695:Phlorhizin / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D027821:Rutaceae / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D010695:Phlorhizin; D010693:Phloretin
keywords: Antimicrobial activity; Enzyme inhibition; Phloretin; Phloretin 3′,5′-di-C-glucoside; Phlorizin