title: Radiation dose of nurses during IR procedures: a controlled trial evaluating operator alerts before nursing tasks.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare radiation exposure of nurses when performing nursing tasks associated with interventional procedures depending on whether or not the nurses called out to the operator before approaching the patient.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective study, 93 interventional radiology procedures were randomly divided into a call group and a no-call group; there were 50 procedures in the call group and 43 procedures in the no-call group. Two monitoring badges were used to calculate effective dose of nurses. In the call group, the nurse first told the operator she was going to approach the patient each time she was about to do so. In the no-call group, the nurse did not say anything to the operator when she was about to approach the patient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all the nursing tasks, the equivalent dose at the umbilical level inside the lead apron was below the detectable limit. The equivalent dose at the sternal level outside the lead apron was 0.16 μSv ± 0.41 per procedure in the call group and 0.51 μSv ± 1.17 per procedure in the no-call group. The effective dose was 0.018 μSv ± 0.04 per procedure in the call group and 0.056 μSv ± 0.129 per procedure in the no-call group. The call group had a significantly lower radiation dose (P = .034).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Radiation doses of nurses were lower in the group in which the nurse called to the operator before she approached the patient.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Kansai Medical University, 10-15, Fumizono, Moriguchi, Osaka, 570-8507 Japan. Electronic address: kome64@yo.rim.or.jp.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Komemushi
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Kansai Medical University, 10-15, Fumizono, Moriguchi, Osaka, 570-8507 Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Kansai Medical University, 10-15, Fumizono, Moriguchi, Osaka, 570-8507 Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sano
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Kansai Medical University, 10-15, Fumizono, Moriguchi, Osaka, 570-8507 Japan.
authors.forename: Shohei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kanno
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Kansai Medical University, 10-15, Fumizono, Moriguchi, Osaka, 570-8507 Japan.
authors.forename: Shuji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kariya
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Kansai Medical University, 10-15, Fumizono, Moriguchi, Osaka, 570-8507 Japan.
authors.forename: Miyuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakatani
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Kansai Medical University, 10-15, Fumizono, Moriguchi, Osaka, 570-8507 Japan.
authors.forename: Rie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Kansai Medical University, 10-15, Fumizono, Moriguchi, Osaka, 570-8507 Japan.
authors.forename: Yumiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kono
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Kansai Medical University, 10-15, Fumizono, Moriguchi, Osaka, 570-8507 Japan.
authors.forename: Koshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Kansai Medical University, 10-15, Fumizono, Moriguchi, Osaka, 570-8507 Japan.
authors.forename: Keita
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Utsunomiya
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Kansai Medical University, 10-15, Fumizono, Moriguchi, Osaka, 570-8507 Japan.
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Harima
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Sadao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Komemushi
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Kansai Medical University, 10-15, Fumizono, Moriguchi, Osaka, 570-8507 Japan.
authors.forename: Noboru
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tanigawa
mesh_terms: D000792:Angiography / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000451:nursing*; D003142:Communication; D057510:Endovascular Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000451:nursing*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016272:Occupational Health; D010348:Patient Care Team; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011481:Protective Clothing; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011834:Radiation Monitoring; D011835:Radiation Protection; D015641:Radiography, Interventional / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000451:nursing*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors