title: Sodium MRI: methods and applications.
abstract: Sodium NMR spectroscopy and MRI have become popular in recent years through the increased availability of high-field MRI scanners, advanced scanner hardware and improved methodology. Sodium MRI is being evaluated for stroke and tumor detection, for breast cancer studies, and for the assessment of osteoarthritis and muscle and kidney functions, to name just a few. In this article, we aim to present an up-to-date review of the theoretical background, the methodology, the challenges, limitations, and current and potential new applications of sodium MRI.
authors.affiliation: New York University Langone Medical Center, Department of Radiology, Center for Biomedical Imaging, New York, NY 10016, USA.
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Madelin
authors.affiliation: New York University Langone Medical Center, Department of Radiology, Center for Biomedical Imaging, New York, NY 10016, USA; Chemistry Department, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY 10003, USA.
authors.forename: Jae-Seung
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: New York University Langone Medical Center, Department of Radiology, Center for Biomedical Imaging, New York, NY 10016, USA.
authors.forename: Ravinder R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Regatte
authors.affiliation: Chemistry Department, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY 10003, USA. Electronic address: alexej.jerschow@nyu.edu.
authors.forename: Alexej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jerschow
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D007477:Ions; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods; D012964:Sodium
chemical_list: D007477:Ions; D012964:Sodium
keywords: In vivo MRI; Quadrupolar coupling; Relaxation; Sodium MRI; Spherical tensors; –-ATPase