title: Automatic whole brain MRI segmentation of the developing neonatal brain.
abstract: Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is increasingly being used to assess brain growth and development in infants. Such studies are often based on quantitative analysis of anatomical segmentations of brain MR images. However, the large changes in brain shape and appearance associated with development, the lower signal to noise ratio and partial volume effects in the neonatal brain present challenges for automatic segmentation of neonatal MR imaging data. In this study, we propose a framework for accurate intensity-based segmentation of the developing neonatal brain, from the early preterm period to term-equivalent age, into 50 brain regions. We present a novel segmentation algorithm that models the intensities across the whole brain by introducing a structural hierarchy and anatomical constraints. The proposed method is compared to standard atlas-based techniques and improves label overlaps with respect to manual reference segmentations. We demonstrate that the proposed technique achieves highly accurate results and is very robust across a wide range of gestational ages, from 24 weeks gestational age to term-equivalent age.
authors.forename: Antonios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Makropoulos
authors.forename: Ioannis S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Gousias
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ledig
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Aljabar
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Serag
authors.forename: Joseph V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Hajnal
authors.forename: A David
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: Serena J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Counsell
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rueckert
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000254:growth & development*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D059906:Neuroimaging / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results