title: The increasing financial impact of chronic kidney disease in australia.
abstract: The aim of this investigation was to determine and compare current and projected expenditure associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD), renal replacement therapy (RRT), and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Australia. Data published by Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry, Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, and World Bank were used to compare CKD-, RRT-, and CVD-related expenditure and prevalence rates. Prevalence and expenditure predictions were made using a linear regression model. Direct statistical comparisons of rates of annual increase utilised indicator variables in combined regressions. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Dollar amounts were adjusted for inflation prior to analysis. Between 2012 and 2020, prevalence, per-patient expenditure, and total disease expenditure associated with CKD and RRT are estimated to increase significantly more rapidly than CVD. RRT prevalence is estimated to increase by 29%, compared to 7% in CVD. Average annual RRT per-patient expenditure is estimated to increase by 16%, compared to 8% in CVD. Total CKD- and RRT-related expenditure had been estimated to increase by 37%, compared to 14% in CVD. Per-patient, CKD produces a considerably greater financial impact on Australia's healthcare system, compared to CVD. Research focusing on novel preventative/therapeutic interventions is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Central Queensland University, Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Medical and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Engineering and Health, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia.
authors.forename: Patrick S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Tucker
authors.affiliation: La Trobe University, La Trobe Rural Health School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bendigo, VIC 3550, Australia.
authors.forename: Michael I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Kingsley
authors.affiliation: Massey University, School of Sport and Exercise, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand.
authors.forename: R Hugh
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Morton
authors.affiliation: Central Queensland University, Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Medical and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Engineering and Health, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia.
authors.forename: Aaron T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Scanlan
authors.affiliation: Central Queensland University, Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Medical and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Engineering and Health, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia.
authors.forename: Vincent J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Dalbo