title: Principles of T2 *-weighted dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI technique in brain tumor imaging.
abstract: Dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging (DSC-MRI) is used to track the first pass of an exogenous, paramagnetic, nondiffusible contrast agent through brain tissue, and has emerged as a powerful tool in the characterization of brain tumor hemodynamics. DSC-MRI parameters can be helpful in many aspects, including tumor grading, prediction of treatment response, likelihood of malignant transformation, discrimination between tumor recurrence and radiation necrosis, and differentiation between true early progression and pseudoprogression. This review aims to provide a conceptual overview of the underlying principles of DSC-MRI of the brain for clinical neuroradiologists, scientists, or students wishing to improve their understanding of the technical aspects, pitfalls, and controversies of DSC perfusion MRI of the brain. Future consensus on image acquisition parameters and postprocessing of DSC-MRI will most likely allow this technique to be evaluated and used in high-quality multicenter studies and ultimately help guide clinical care.
authors.affiliation: Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Shiroishi
authors.forename: Gloria
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Castellazzi
authors.forename: Jerrold L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Boxerman
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: D'Amore
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Essig
authors.forename: Thanh B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Provenzale
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Enterline
authors.forename: Nicoletta
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Anzalone
authors.forename: Arnd
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dörfler
authors.forename: Àlex
authors.initials: À
authors.lastname: Rovira
authors.forename: Max
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wintermark
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Law
mesh_terms: D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D003287:Contrast Media; D018450:Disease Progression; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000175:diagnosis
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media
keywords: brain tumors; cerebral blood volume; echo planar imaging; gadolinium-based contrast agents; perfusion magnetic resonance imaging