title: Increased survival among HIV-1 and HIV-2  dual-infected individuals compared to HIV-1  single-infected individuals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare survival times of HIV-1 single and HIV-1 and HIV-2 dual-infected individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective open cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analysed data from 259 HIV-1-seroincident cases (either HIV-1 single or HIV-1 and HIV-2 dual-infected) from a cohort with long follow-up (~20 years) in order to study the influence of type of infection and infection order on mortality. Sex and age at HIV-1 infection date was controlled for in a Cox proportional-hazards model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dual-infected individuals had a 42% longer time from HIV-1 infection to death compared with single-infected individuals, adjusting for age asymmetries between groups. Dual-infected individuals with an HIV-2 infection preceding the HIV-1 infection had a more than two-fold lower mortality risk during follow-up than HIV-1 single-infected individuals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Survival time is longer and the risk of progression to death is lower among HIV-1 and HIV-2 dual-infected individuals compared to HIV-1 single-infected individuals. This natural inhibition could have implications for the development of future HIV-1 vaccines and therapeutics.
authors.forename: Joakim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Esbjörnsson
authors.forename: Fredrik
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Månsson
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kvist
authors.forename: Per-Erik
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Isberg
authors.forename: Antonio J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Biague
authors.forename: Zacarias J
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jansson
authors.forename: Eva Maria
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Fenyö
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Norrgren
authors.forename: Patrik
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Medstrand
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D060085:Coinfection / Q000401:mortality* / Q000821:virology*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000401:mortality* / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015498:HIV-2 / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis