title: Th9/IL-9 profile in human echinococcosis: their involvement in immune response during infection by Echinococcus granulosus.
abstract: Th9 cells have been reported to contribute to immune responses; however, the role of Th9 cells in Echinococcus granulosus infection is unknown. This study is to determine whether Th9 cells and IL-9 are involved in human Echinococcus granulosus infection. Compared with healthy controls (HC group), the mRNA levels of PU.1, IL-9, and GATA-3 were significantly increased in patients before therapy (CE group), as revealed by qRT-PCR. Flow cytometry analysis showed that the percentages of Th9 and Th2 cells in CE group were significantly higher. The levels of IL-9, IL-4, IL-10, and TGF- β in CE group were also significantly increased, as detected by CBA assay. The percentages of Th9 and Th2 cells in CE group were positively correlated. After treatments of surgery in combination with albendazole, the PU.1 and GATA-3 mRNA levels were significantly decreased in patients after therapy (PCE group) compared with CE group. The numbers of Th9 and Th2 cells and levels of IL-9, IL-4, IL-10, and TGF- β were also significantly decreased in PCE group. In conclusion, the ratios of Th9 cells and IL-9 levels were significantly decreased after treatment, suggesting that Th9/IL-9 may be involved in immune response induced by Echinococcus granulosus infection.
authors.affiliation: Hematologic Disease Center and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Research Institute of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, China.
authors.forename: Nannan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, China.
authors.forename: Fengbo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, China.
authors.forename: Xiumin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, China.
authors.forename: Zhaoxia
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Major Diseases in Xinjiang and Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xin
authors.affiliation: Basic Medical College of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China.
authors.forename: Song
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, China.
authors.forename: Yuejie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Major Diseases in Xinjiang and Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, China.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Major Diseases in Xinjiang and Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, China ; Basic Medical College of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China.
authors.forename: Jianbing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ding
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004443:Echinococcosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D048209:Echinococcus granulosus / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D050990:GATA3 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016906:Interleukin-9 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D018418:Th2 Cells; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000099232:Proto-Oncogene Protein Spi-1
chemical_list: D050990:GATA3 Transcription Factor; D016753:Interleukin-10; D015847:Interleukin-4; D016906:Interleukin-9; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D015534:Trans-Activators; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D000099232:Proto-Oncogene Protein Spi-1