title: Patch testing with a textile dye mix--a multicentre study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Disperse dyes are well-known contact sensitizers. However, they are not included in the majority of commercially available baseline patch test series.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the outcome of patch testing with a textile dye mix (TDM) consisting of eight disperse dyes at dermatology clinics in various countries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two thousand nine hundred and seven consecutive dermatitis patients at 12 dermatology clinics representing nine countries were tested with a TDM at 6.6%, consisting of Disperse Blue 35, Disperse Yellow 3, Disperse Orange 1 and 3, and Disperse Red 1 and 17, all at 1.0%, and Disperse Blue 106 and Disperse Blue 124, each at 0.3%, provisionally included in the baseline series. Eighty-seven per cent of the patients allergic to the TDM were also tested with the eight separate dyes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Contact allergy to TDM was found in 108 patients (3.7%). The frequency of contact allergy varied from 2.1% to 6.9% in different centres. Simultaneous reactivity to p-phenylenediamine was found in 57 of the TDM-positive patients (53%). The most frequent dye allergen among the TDM-positive patients was Disperse Orange 3. The contact allergy could have explained or contributed to the dermatitis in approximately one-third of the patients for whom clinical relevance of the TDM contact allergy was recorded.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The TDM should be considered for inclusion in the European baseline series.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, S-205 02 Malmö, Sweden; Department of Dermatology, Uddevalla Hospital, S-451 80 Uddevalla, Sweden.
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ryberg
authors.forename: Tove
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Agner
authors.forename: Klaus E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bircher
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Diepgen
authors.forename: Caterina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Foti
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giménez-Arnau
authors.forename: Margarida
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gonçalo
authors.forename: An
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goossens
authors.forename: Jeanne D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Johansen
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Le Coz
authors.forename: Howard I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Maibach
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bruze
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001391:Azo Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001566:Benzocaine / Q000009:adverse effects; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017449:Dermatitis, Allergic Contact / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010328:Patch Tests; D010655:Phenylenediamines / Q000009:adverse effects; D013784:Textiles / Q000009:adverse effects*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001391:Azo Compounds; D010655:Phenylenediamines; C041259:Disperse Orange 3; C014627:N-isopropyl-N-phenyl-4-phenylenediamine; D001566:Benzocaine; C029728:4-phenylenediamine
keywords: Disperse Orange 3; contact allergy; disperse dyes; p-phenylenediamine; patch testing; simultaneous reactivity; textile dye mix