title: Dopamine D3 receptor-regulated NR2B subunits of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors in the nucleus accumbens involves in morphine-induced locomotor activity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Dopamine and glutamate receptors are densely expressed in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Active interactions between these receptors contribute to the development of neuropsychiatric diseases, such as drug addiction and relapse. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these interactions remain unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study established a mouse model of intermittent morphine-induced mouse behavioral sensitization model. Western blot and electrophysiological recording methods were performed to directly identify the affective components of morphine behavioral sensitization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Interval morphine administration could cause significant locomotor sensitization. Hyperlocomotion and behavioral locomotor sensitization were significantly suppressed when ifenprodil (5 mg/kg), a selective NR2B subunit-containing N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, or nafadotride (25 μg/kg), a dopamine D3 receptor (D3R)-preferring antagonist, was coadministered with morphine. Western blot analysis showed that morphine behavioral sensitization induced a region-specific increase in phosphorylation of NR2B (pNR2B) and total levels of NR2B (NR2B) expression in the NAc. Systemically administered nafadotride attenuated behavioral locomotor sensitization induced by morphine and significantly reversed the overexpression of pNR2B and NR2B subunit-containing NMDA receptor in the NAc. NMDA receptor-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents in the NAc were also significantly reduced by nafadotride.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that D3Rs are involved in morphine-induced behavioral locomotor sensitization in mice by regulating the NR2B subunits of NMDA receptors in the NAc.
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; The Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Forensic Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: Xin-She
authors.initials: XS
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: Ting-Lin
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Yan-Yan
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Fang-Lin
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.forename: Teng
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009020:Morphine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects*; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects; D009714:Nucleus Accumbens / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D010880:Piperidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D011759:Pyrrolidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D050637:Receptors, Dopamine D3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; C121001:NR2B NMDA receptor; D009281:Naphthalenes; D010880:Piperidines; D011759:Pyrrolidines; D050637:Receptors, Dopamine D3; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D009020:Morphine; C097285:nafadotride; C010739:ifenprodil
keywords: Behavioral locomotor sensitization; Dopamine receptor 3; Morphine; NR2B; Nucleus accumbens