title: A Comparison of two Case-crossover Methods for Studying the Dose-Response Relationship Between Alcohol and Injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study compares dose-response injury risk estimates for two control periods defined as the same 6-hour period the week prior and the set of all non-sleeping 6-hour periods over the past year.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dose-response injury risk estimates for the multiple match controls are generated via the application of a maximum-likelihood approach.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Injury risk associated with any (i.e., 1 drink or more) drinking 6 hours prior to injury was similar for the two control choices (last week and usual frequency). For 1-4 drinks, risk estimates were similar across control period definitions; for 5+ drinks, risk using the week prior as the control was nearly double that using the past 12 months as the control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although studies with smaller ns may benefit from the increase in precision from the use of the multiple control periods, results indicate that heavy drinking injury risk estimates should be used with caution.
authors.affiliation: Alcohol Research Group 6475 Christie Avenue., Suite #400 Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bond
authors.affiliation: Alcohol Research Group 6475 Christie Avenue., Suite #400 Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Alcohol Research Group 6475 Christie Avenue., Suite #400 Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.
authors.forename: Cheryl J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Cherpitel
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Psychiatry Calzada Mexico Xochimilco No. 101 Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco C.P. 10610 Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Guilherme
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Borges
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: S Patricia
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Sahmyook University School of Health Science & Welfare, Korean Institute on Alcohol Problems 26-21 Gongneung2-dong, Nowon-gu Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sungsoo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chun
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Public Health Coordination, Monitoring and Research Unit for Alcohol and Tobacco Srobarova 48 100 42 Prague 10, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Hana
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sovinova
authors.affiliation: Addiction Info Switzerland Case postale 870 CH-1001 Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gmel
keywords: case-crossover; control period definition; dose-response; relative risk