title: Lipid modulatory activities of Cichorium glandulosum Boiss et Huet are mediated by multiple components within hepatocytes.
abstract: To investigate a possible methodology of exploiting herbal medicine and design polytherapy for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), we have made use of Cichorium glandulosum Boiss et Huet (CG), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine that has been proven to be effective in treating hepatic diseases. Here, we report that the extract of CG effectively reduced lipid accumulation under conditions of lipid overloading in vivo and in vitro (in a rat high-fat diet model and a hepG2 cell model of free fatty acid treatment). CG extract also protected hepatocytes from injury and inflammation to aid its lipid-lowering properties (in a rat high-fat diet model and a L02 cell model of acetaminophen treatment). Serum chemistry analysis accompanied by in vitro drug screening confirmed that CG-4, CG-10 and CG-14 are the lipo-effective components of CG. Western blotting analysis revealed that these components can regulate key lipid targets at the molecular level, including CD36, FATP5 and PPAR-α, thus the lipid oxidation and lipid absorption pathways. Finally, we adopted the experimental design and statistical method to calculate the best combination proportion (CG-4: CG-10: CG-14 = 2.065: 1.782: 2.153) to optimize its therapeutic effect.
authors.affiliation: 1] National Center for Drug Screening & State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu Province, 210009, P. R. China [2].
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: 1] Research Center of Biostatistics and Computational Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu Province, 210009, P. R. China [2].
authors.forename: Jun-Lin
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: National Center for Drug Screening & State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu Province, 210009, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Waseem
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.affiliation: National Center for Drug Screening & State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu Province, 210009, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Lu-Lu
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Research Center of Biostatistics and Computational Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu Province, 210009, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Fang-Rong
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: National Center for Drug Screening & State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu Province, 210009, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018955:CD36 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects; D050612:Fatty Acid Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D029001:Herbal Medicine / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D047493:PPAR alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D018955:CD36 Antigens; D050612:Fatty Acid Transport Proteins; D008055:Lipids; D047493:PPAR alpha; D010936:Plant Extracts