title: Guidelines of care for the management of atopic dermatitis: section 3. Management and treatment with phototherapy and systemic agents.
abstract: Atopic dermatitis is a chronic, pruritic inflammatory dermatosis that affects up to 25% of children and 2% to 3% of adults. This guideline addresses important clinical questions that arise in atopic dermatitis management and care, providing recommendations based on the available evidence. In this third of 4 sections, treatment of atopic dermatitis with phototherapy and systemic immunomodulators, antimicrobials, and antihistamines is reviewed, including indications for use and the risk-benefit profile of each treatment option.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sidbury
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Dawn M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York.
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, California.
authors.forename: Kelly M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Cordoro
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, California.
authors.forename: Timothy G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: James N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Bergman
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Sarah L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Chamlin
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Case Western University, Cleveland, Ohio.
authors.forename: Kevin D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Steven R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Feldman
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon.
authors.forename: Jon M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hanifin
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon.
authors.forename: Alfons
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krol
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Margolis
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Amy S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Paller
authors.affiliation: Kaplan-Amonette Department of Dermatology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee.
authors.forename: Kathryn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schwarzenberger
authors.affiliation: Private practice, Fairfax, Virginia.
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Silverman
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon.
authors.forename: Eric L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.affiliation: University of San Diego, San Diego, California; Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Dermatology, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California.
authors.forename: Wynnis L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Tom
authors.affiliation: Center of Evidence-based Dermatology, Nottingham University Hospitals National Health Service Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Hywel C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
authors.forename: Craig A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Elmets
authors.affiliation: National Eczema Association, San Rafael, California.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Block
authors.affiliation: American Academy of Dermatology, Schaumburg, Illinois.
authors.forename: Christopher G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Harrod
authors.affiliation: American Academy of Dermatology, Schaumburg, Illinois. Electronic address: wsmithbegolka@aad.org.
authors.forename: Wendy Smith
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Begolka
authors.affiliation: University of San Diego, San Diego, California; Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Dermatology, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California.
authors.forename: Lawrence F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Eichenfield
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001379:Azathioprine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003876:Dermatitis, Atopic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000628:therapy; D006633:Histamine Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010789:Phototherapy / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D006633:Histamine Antagonists; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D016572:Cyclosporine; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid; D001379:Azathioprine; D008727:Methotrexate
keywords: atopic dermatitis; azathioprine; cyclosporin A; interferon gamma; methotrexate; mycophenolate mofetil; oral antihistamines; oral antimicrobials; oral steroids; photochemotherapy; phototherapy; systemic therapy