title: DEPDC5 mutations in families presenting as autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the prevalence of DEPDC5 mutations in a series of 30 small European families with a phenotype compatible with autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (ADNFLE).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty unrelated families referred with ADNFLE were recruited in France, Italy, Germany, Belgium, and Norway. Whole-exome sequencing was performed in 10 probands and direct sequencing of the DEPDC5 coding sequence in 20 probands. Testing for nonsense-mediated messenger RNA decay (NMD) was performed in lymphoblastic cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exome sequencing revealed a splice acceptor mutation (c.2355-2A>G) in DEPDC5 in the proband of a German family. In addition, 3 nonsense DEPDC5 mutations (p.Arg487*, p.Arg1087*, and p.Trp1369*) were detected in the probands of 2 French and one Belgian family. The nonsense mutations p.Arg487* and p.Arg1087* were targeted by NMD, leading to the degradation of the mutated transcripts. At the clinical level, 78% of the patients with DEPDC5 mutations were drug resistant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DEPDC5 loss-of-function mutations were found in 13% of the families with a presentation of ADNFLE. The rate of drug resistance was high in patients with DEPDC5 mutations. Small ADNFLE pedigrees with DEPDC5 mutations might actually represent a part of the broader familial focal epilepsy with variable foci phenotype.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology (F.P.), and Service of Genetic Medicine (S.E.A.), University Hospitals of Geneva; Department of Genetic Medicine and Development (P.M.), and iGE3, Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (S.E.A.), University of Geneva, Switzerland; Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), U1127, ICM, Paris, F-75013 Paris; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, F-75013 Paris (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), Paris; CNRS (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), UMR7225, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Epilepsy Unit (V.N., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B.), ICM, Paris, F-75013 Paris, France (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), and Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique (C.D., E.L.), AP-HP Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Epilepsy, Sleep and Pediatric Neurophysiology (J.d.B.), University Hospitals of Lyon; Hospices Civils de Lyon (D.V.), HFME, centre de référence déficiences intellectuelles de causes rares et sclérose tubéreuse de Bourneville, Bron, France; Neurogenetics Group (S.W., A.S., P.D.J.), Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (S.W., A.S., P.D.J.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium; Epilepsy Centre Kempenhaeghe (S.W.), Oosterhout, the Netherlands; Algemeen Stedelijk Ziekenhuis (E.F.), Aalst; Division of Neurology (P.D.J.), Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp University, Belgium; Centre hospitalier général de Valence (M.V.R.); Department of Medical Genetics (G.L.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Claude Bernard Lyon I University (G.L.); CRNL (G.L.), CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, Lyon; Centre de référence épilepsies rares et Sclérose tubéreuse de Bourneville (I.A.-G., M.B.); Genotyping and Sequencing Platform, ICM (E.M.), and DNA and Cell Bank (P.C.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Surge
authors.forename: Fabienne
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Picard
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology (F.P.), and Service of Genetic Medicine (S.E.A.), University Hospitals of Geneva; Department of Genetic Medicine and Development (P.M.), and iGE3, Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (S.E.A.), University of Geneva, Switzerland; Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), U1127, ICM, Paris, F-75013 Paris; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, F-75013 Paris (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), Paris; CNRS (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), UMR7225, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Epilepsy Unit (V.N., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B.), ICM, Paris, F-75013 Paris, France (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), and Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique (C.D., E.L.), AP-HP Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Epilepsy, Sleep and Pediatric Neurophysiology (J.d.B.), University Hospitals of Lyon; Hospices Civils de Lyon (D.V.), HFME, centre de référence déficiences intellectuelles de causes rares et sclérose tubéreuse de Bourneville, Bron, France; Neurogenetics Group (S.W., A.S., P.D.J.), Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (S.W., A.S., P.D.J.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium; Epilepsy Centre Kempenhaeghe (S.W.), Oosterhout, the Netherlands; Algemeen Stedelijk Ziekenhuis (E.F.), Aalst; Division of Neurology (P.D.J.), Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp University, Belgium; Centre hospitalier général de Valence (M.V.R.); Department of Medical Genetics (G.L.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Claude Bernard Lyon I University (G.L.); CRNL (G.L.), CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, Lyon; Centre de référence épilepsies rares et Sclérose tubéreuse de Bourneville (I.A.-G., M.B.); Genotyping and Sequencing Platform, ICM (E.M.), and DNA and Cell Bank (P.C.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Surge
authors.forename: Periklis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Makrythanasis
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology (F.P.), and Service of Genetic Medicine (S.E.A.), University Hospitals of Geneva; Department of Genetic Medicine and Development (P.M.), and iGE3, Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (S.E.A.), University of Geneva, Switzerland; Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), U1127, ICM, Paris, F-75013 Paris; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, F-75013 Paris (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), Paris; CNRS (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), UMR7225, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Epilepsy Unit (V.N., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B.), ICM, Paris, F-75013 Paris, France (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), and Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique (C.D., E.L.), AP-HP Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Epilepsy, Sleep and Pediatric Neurophysiology (J.d.B.), University Hospitals of Lyon; Hospices Civils de Lyon (D.V.), HFME, centre de référence déficiences intellectuelles de causes rares et sclérose tubéreuse de Bourneville, Bron, France; Neurogenetics Group (S.W., A.S., P.D.J.), Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (S.W., A.S., P.D.J.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium; Epilepsy Centre Kempenhaeghe (S.W.), Oosterhout, the Netherlands; Algemeen Stedelijk Ziekenhuis (E.F.), Aalst; Division of Neurology (P.D.J.), Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp University, Belgium; Centre hospitalier général de Valence (M.V.R.); Department of Medical Genetics (G.L.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Claude Bernard Lyon I University (G.L.); CRNL (G.L.), CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, Lyon; Centre de référence épilepsies rares et Sclérose tubéreuse de Bourneville (I.A.-G., M.B.); Genotyping and Sequencing Platform, ICM (E.M.), and DNA and Cell Bank (P.C.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Surge
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Navarro
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology (F.P.), and Service of Genetic Medicine (S.E.A.), University Hospitals of Geneva; Department of Genetic Medicine and Development (P.M.), and iGE3, Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (S.E.A.), University of Geneva, Switzerland; Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), U1127, ICM, Paris, F-75013 Paris; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, F-75013 Paris (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), Paris; CNRS (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), UMR7225, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Epilepsy Unit (V.N., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B.), ICM, Paris, F-75013 Paris, France (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), and Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique (C.D., E.L.), AP-HP Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Epilepsy, Sleep and Pediatric Neurophysiology (J.d.B.), University Hospitals of Lyon; Hospices Civils de Lyon (D.V.), HFME, centre de référence déficiences intellectuelles de causes rares et sclérose tubéreuse de Bourneville, Bron, France; Neurogenetics Group (S.W., A.S., P.D.J.), Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (S.W., A.S., P.D.J.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium; Epilepsy Centre Kempenhaeghe (S.W.), Oosterhout, the Netherlands; Algemeen Stedelijk Ziekenhuis (E.F.), Aalst; Division of Neurology (P.D.J.), Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp University, Belgium; Centre hospitalier général de Valence (M.V.R.); Department of Medical Genetics (G.L.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Claude Bernard Lyon I University (G.L.); CRNL (G.L.), CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, Lyon; Centre de référence épilepsies rares et Sclérose tubéreuse de Bourneville (I.A.-G., M.B.); Genotyping and Sequencing Platform, ICM (E.M.), and DNA and Cell Bank (P.C.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Surge
authors.forename: Saeko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology (F.P.), and Service of Genetic Medicine (S.E.A.), University Hospitals of Geneva; Department of Genetic Medicine and Development (P.M.), and iGE3, Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (S.E.A.), University of Geneva, Switzerland; Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), U1127, ICM, Paris, F-75013 Paris; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, F-75013 Paris (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), Paris; CNRS (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), UMR7225, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Epilepsy Unit (V.N., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B.), ICM, Paris, F-75013 Paris, France (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), and Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique (C.D., E.L.), AP-HP Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Epilepsy, Sleep and Pediatric Neurophysiology (J.d.B.), University Hospitals of Lyon; Hospices Civils de Lyon (D.V.), HFME, centre de référence déficiences intellectuelles de causes rares et sclérose tubéreuse de Bourneville, Bron, France; Neurogenetics Group (S.W., A.S., P.D.J.), Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (S.W., A.S., P.D.J.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium; Epilepsy Centre Kempenhaeghe (S.W.), Oosterhout, the Netherlands; Algemeen Stedelijk Ziekenhuis (E.F.), Aalst; Division of Neurology (P.D.J.), Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp University, Belgium; Centre hospitalier général de Valence (M.V.R.); Department of Medical Genetics (G.L.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Claude Bernard Lyon I University (G.L.); CRNL (G.L.), CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, Lyon; Centre de référence épilepsies rares et Sclérose tubéreuse de Bourneville (I.A.-G., M.B.); Genotyping and Sequencing Platform, ICM (E.M.), and DNA and Cell Bank (P.C.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Surge
authors.forename: Julitta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Bellescize
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology (F.P.), and Service of Genetic Medicine (S.E.A.), University Hospitals of Geneva; Department of Genetic Medicine and Development (P.M.), and iGE3, Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (S.E.A.), University of Geneva, Switzerland; Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), U1127, ICM, Paris, F-75013 Paris; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, F-75013 Paris (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), Paris; CNRS (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), UMR7225, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Epilepsy Unit (V.N., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B.), ICM, Paris, F-75013 Paris, France (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), and Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique (C.D., E.L.), AP-HP Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Epilepsy, Sleep and Pediatric Neurophysiology (J.d.B.), University Hospitals of Lyon; Hospices Civils de Lyon (D.V.), HFME, centre de référence déficiences intellectuelles de causes rares et sclérose tubéreuse de Bourneville, Bron, France; Neurogenetics Group (S.W., A.S., P.D.J.), Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (S.W., A.S., P.D.J.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium; Epilepsy Centre Kempenhaeghe (S.W.), Oosterhout, the Netherlands; Algemeen Stedelijk Ziekenhuis (E.F.), Aalst; Division of Neurology (P.D.J.), Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp University, Belgium; Centre hospitalier général de Valence (M.V.R.); Department of Medical Genetics (G.L.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Claude Bernard Lyon I University (G.L.); CRNL (G.L.), CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, Lyon; Centre de référence épilepsies rares et Sclérose tubéreuse de Bourneville (I.A.-G., M.B.); Genotyping and Sequencing Platform, ICM (E.M.), and DNA and Cell Bank (P.C.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Surge
authors.forename: Dorothée
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ville
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology (F.P.), and Service of Genetic Medicine (S.E.A.), University Hospitals of Geneva; Department of Genetic Medicine and Development (P.M.), and iGE3, Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (S.E.A.), University of Geneva, Switzerland; Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), U1127, ICM, Paris, F-75013 Paris; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, F-75013 Paris (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), Paris; CNRS (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), UMR7225, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Epilepsy Unit (V.N., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B.), ICM, Paris, F-75013 Paris, France (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), and Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique (C.D., E.L.), AP-HP Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Epilepsy, Sleep and Pediatric Neurophysiology (J.d.B.), University Hospitals of Lyon; Hospices Civils de Lyon (D.V.), HFME, centre de référence déficiences intellectuelles de causes rares et sclérose tubéreuse de Bourneville, Bron, France; Neurogenetics Group (S.W., A.S., P.D.J.), Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (S.W., A.S., P.D.J.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium; Epilepsy Centre Kempenhaeghe (S.W.), Oosterhout, the Netherlands; Algemeen Stedelijk Ziekenhuis (E.F.), Aalst; Division of Neurology (P.D.J.), Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp University, Belgium; Centre hospitalier général de Valence (M.V.R.); Department of Medical Genetics (G.L.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Claude Bernard Lyon I University (G.L.); CRNL (G.L.), CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, Lyon; Centre de référence épilepsies rares et Sclérose tubéreuse de Bourneville (I.A.-G., M.B.); Genotyping and Sequencing Platform, ICM (E.M.), and DNA and Cell Bank (P.C.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Surge
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Weckhuysen
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology (F.P.), and Service of Genetic Medicine (S.E.A.), University Hospitals of Geneva; Department of Genetic Medicine and Development (P.M.), and iGE3, Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (S.E.A.), University of Geneva, Switzerland; Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), U1127, ICM, Paris, F-75013 Paris; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, F-75013 Paris (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), Paris; CNRS (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), UMR7225, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Epilepsy Unit (V.N., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B.), ICM, Paris, F-75013 Paris, France (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), and Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique (C.D., E.L.), AP-HP Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Epilepsy, Sleep and Pediatric Neurophysiology (J.d.B.), University Hospitals of Lyon; Hospices Civils de Lyon (D.V.), HFME, centre de référence déficiences intellectuelles de causes rares et sclérose tubéreuse de Bourneville, Bron, France; Neurogenetics Group (S.W., A.S., P.D.J.), Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (S.W., A.S., P.D.J.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium; Epilepsy Centre Kempenhaeghe (S.W.), Oosterhout, the Netherlands; Algemeen Stedelijk Ziekenhuis (E.F.), Aalst; Division of Neurology (P.D.J.), Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp University, Belgium; Centre hospitalier général de Valence (M.V.R.); Department of Medical Genetics (G.L.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Claude Bernard Lyon I University (G.L.); CRNL (G.L.), CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, Lyon; Centre de référence épilepsies rares et Sclérose tubéreuse de Bourneville (I.A.-G., M.B.); Genotyping and Sequencing Platform, ICM (E.M.), and DNA and Cell Bank (P.C.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Surge
authors.forename: Erwin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fosselle
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology (F.P.), and Service of Genetic Medicine (S.E.A.), University Hospitals of Geneva; Department of Genetic Medicine and Development (P.M.), and iGE3, Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (S.E.A.), University of Geneva, Switzerland; Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), U1127, ICM, Paris, F-75013 Paris; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, F-75013 Paris (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), Paris; CNRS (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), UMR7225, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Epilepsy Unit (V.N., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B.), ICM, Paris, F-75013 Paris, France (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), and Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique (C.D., E.L.), AP-HP Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Epilepsy, Sleep and Pediatric Neurophysiology (J.d.B.), University Hospitals of Lyon; Hospices Civils de Lyon (D.V.), HFME, centre de référence déficiences intellectuelles de causes rares et sclérose tubéreuse de Bourneville, Bron, France; Neurogenetics Group (S.W., A.S., P.D.J.), Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (S.W., A.S., P.D.J.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium; Epilepsy Centre Kempenhaeghe (S.W.), Oosterhout, the Netherlands; Algemeen Stedelijk Ziekenhuis (E.F.), Aalst; Division of Neurology (P.D.J.), Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp University, Belgium; Centre hospitalier général de Valence (M.V.R.); Department of Medical Genetics (G.L.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Claude Bernard Lyon I University (G.L.); CRNL (G.L.), CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, Lyon; Centre de référence épilepsies rares et Sclérose tubéreuse de Bourneville (I.A.-G., M.B.); Genotyping and Sequencing Platform, ICM (E.M.), and DNA and Cell Bank (P.C.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Surge
authors.forename: Arvid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Suls
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology (F.P.), and Service of Genetic Medicine (S.E.A.), University Hospitals of Geneva; Department of Genetic Medicine and Development (P.M.), and iGE3, Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (S.E.A.), University of Geneva, Switzerland; Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), U1127, ICM, Paris, F-75013 Paris; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, F-75013 Paris (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), Paris; CNRS (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), UMR7225, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Epilepsy Unit (V.N., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B.), ICM, Paris, F-75013 Paris, France (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), and Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique (C.D., E.L.), AP-HP Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Epilepsy, Sleep and Pediatric Neurophysiology (J.d.B.), University Hospitals of Lyon; Hospices Civils de Lyon (D.V.), HFME, centre de référence déficiences intellectuelles de causes rares et sclérose tubéreuse de Bourneville, Bron, France; Neurogenetics Group (S.W., A.S., P.D.J.), Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (S.W., A.S., P.D.J.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium; Epilepsy Centre Kempenhaeghe (S.W.), Oosterhout, the Netherlands; Algemeen Stedelijk Ziekenhuis (E.F.), Aalst; Division of Neurology (P.D.J.), Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp University, Belgium; Centre hospitalier général de Valence (M.V.R.); Department of Medical Genetics (G.L.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Claude Bernard Lyon I University (G.L.); CRNL (G.L.), CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, Lyon; Centre de référence épilepsies rares et Sclérose tubéreuse de Bourneville (I.A.-G., M.B.); Genotyping and Sequencing Platform, ICM (E.M.), and DNA and Cell Bank (P.C.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Surge
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: De Jonghe
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology (F.P.), and Service of Genetic Medicine (S.E.A.), University Hospitals of Geneva; Department of Genetic Medicine and Development (P.M.), and iGE3, Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (S.E.A.), University of Geneva, Switzerland; Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), U1127, ICM, Paris, F-75013 Paris; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, F-75013 Paris (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), Paris; CNRS (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), UMR7225, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Epilepsy Unit (V.N., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B.), ICM, Paris, F-75013 Paris, France (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), and Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique (C.D., E.L.), AP-HP Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Epilepsy, Sleep and Pediatric Neurophysiology (J.d.B.), University Hospitals of Lyon; Hospices Civils de Lyon (D.V.), HFME, centre de référence déficiences intellectuelles de causes rares et sclérose tubéreuse de Bourneville, Bron, France; Neurogenetics Group (S.W., A.S., P.D.J.), Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (S.W., A.S., P.D.J.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium; Epilepsy Centre Kempenhaeghe (S.W.), Oosterhout, the Netherlands; Algemeen Stedelijk Ziekenhuis (E.F.), Aalst; Division of Neurology (P.D.J.), Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp University, Belgium; Centre hospitalier général de Valence (M.V.R.); Department of Medical Genetics (G.L.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Claude Bernard Lyon I University (G.L.); CRNL (G.L.), CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, Lyon; Centre de référence épilepsies rares et Sclérose tubéreuse de Bourneville (I.A.-G., M.B.); Genotyping and Sequencing Platform, ICM (E.M.), and DNA and Cell Bank (P.C.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Surge
authors.forename: Maryline
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vasselon Raina
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology (F.P.), and Service of Genetic Medicine (S.E.A.), University Hospitals of Geneva; Department of Genetic Medicine and Development (P.M.), and iGE3, Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (S.E.A.), University of Geneva, Switzerland; Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), U1127, ICM, Paris, F-75013 Paris; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, F-75013 Paris (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), Paris; CNRS (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), UMR7225, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Epilepsy Unit (V.N., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B.), ICM, Paris, F-75013 Paris, France (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), and Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique (C.D., E.L.), AP-HP Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Epilepsy, Sleep and Pediatric Neurophysiology (J.d.B.), University Hospitals of Lyon; Hospices Civils de Lyon (D.V.), HFME, centre de référence déficiences intellectuelles de causes rares et sclérose tubéreuse de Bourneville, Bron, France; Neurogenetics Group (S.W., A.S., P.D.J.), Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (S.W., A.S., P.D.J.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium; Epilepsy Centre Kempenhaeghe (S.W.), Oosterhout, the Netherlands; Algemeen Stedelijk Ziekenhuis (E.F.), Aalst; Division of Neurology (P.D.J.), Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp University, Belgium; Centre hospitalier général de Valence (M.V.R.); Department of Medical Genetics (G.L.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Claude Bernard Lyon I University (G.L.); CRNL (G.L.), CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, Lyon; Centre de référence épilepsies rares et Sclérose tubéreuse de Bourneville (I.A.-G., M.B.); Genotyping and Sequencing Platform, ICM (E.M.), and DNA and Cell Bank (P.C.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Surge
authors.forename: Gaetan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lesca
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology (F.P.), and Service of Genetic Medicine (S.E.A.), University Hospitals of Geneva; Department of Genetic Medicine and Development (P.M.), and iGE3, Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (S.E.A.), University of Geneva, Switzerland; Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), U1127, ICM, Paris, F-75013 Paris; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, F-75013 Paris (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), Paris; CNRS (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), UMR7225, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Epilepsy Unit (V.N., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B.), ICM, Paris, F-75013 Paris, France (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), and Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique (C.D., E.L.), AP-HP Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Epilepsy, Sleep and Pediatric Neurophysiology (J.d.B.), University Hospitals of Lyon; Hospices Civils de Lyon (D.V.), HFME, centre de référence déficiences intellectuelles de causes rares et sclérose tubéreuse de Bourneville, Bron, France; Neurogenetics Group (S.W., A.S., P.D.J.), Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (S.W., A.S., P.D.J.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium; Epilepsy Centre Kempenhaeghe (S.W.), Oosterhout, the Netherlands; Algemeen Stedelijk Ziekenhuis (E.F.), Aalst; Division of Neurology (P.D.J.), Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp University, Belgium; Centre hospitalier général de Valence (M.V.R.); Department of Medical Genetics (G.L.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Claude Bernard Lyon I University (G.L.); CRNL (G.L.), CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, Lyon; Centre de référence épilepsies rares et Sclérose tubéreuse de Bourneville (I.A.-G., M.B.); Genotyping and Sequencing Platform, ICM (E.M.), and DNA and Cell Bank (P.C.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Surge
authors.forename: Christel
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Depienne
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology (F.P.), and Service of Genetic Medicine (S.E.A.), University Hospitals of Geneva; Department of Genetic Medicine and Development (P.M.), and iGE3, Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (S.E.A.), University of Geneva, Switzerland; Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), U1127, ICM, Paris, F-75013 Paris; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, F-75013 Paris (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), Paris; CNRS (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), UMR7225, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Epilepsy Unit (V.N., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B.), ICM, Paris, F-75013 Paris, France (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), and Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique (C.D., E.L.), AP-HP Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Epilepsy, Sleep and Pediatric Neurophysiology (J.d.B.), University Hospitals of Lyon; Hospices Civils de Lyon (D.V.), HFME, centre de référence déficiences intellectuelles de causes rares et sclérose tubéreuse de Bourneville, Bron, France; Neurogenetics Group (S.W., A.S., P.D.J.), Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (S.W., A.S., P.D.J.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium; Epilepsy Centre Kempenhaeghe (S.W.), Oosterhout, the Netherlands; Algemeen Stedelijk Ziekenhuis (E.F.), Aalst; Division of Neurology (P.D.J.), Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp University, Belgium; Centre hospitalier général de Valence (M.V.R.); Department of Medical Genetics (G.L.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Claude Bernard Lyon I University (G.L.); CRNL (G.L.), CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, Lyon; Centre de référence épilepsies rares et Sclérose tubéreuse de Bourneville (I.A.-G., M.B.); Genotyping and Sequencing Platform, ICM (E.M.), and DNA and Cell Bank (P.C.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Surge
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: An-Gourfinkel
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology (F.P.), and Service of Genetic Medicine (S.E.A.), University Hospitals of Geneva; Department of Genetic Medicine and Development (P.M.), and iGE3, Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (S.E.A.), University of Geneva, Switzerland; Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), U1127, ICM, Paris, F-75013 Paris; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, F-75013 Paris (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), Paris; CNRS (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), UMR7225, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Epilepsy Unit (V.N., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B.), ICM, Paris, F-75013 Paris, France (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), and Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique (C.D., E.L.), AP-HP Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Epilepsy, Sleep and Pediatric Neurophysiology (J.d.B.), University Hospitals of Lyon; Hospices Civils de Lyon (D.V.), HFME, centre de référence déficiences intellectuelles de causes rares et sclérose tubéreuse de Bourneville, Bron, France; Neurogenetics Group (S.W., A.S., P.D.J.), Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (S.W., A.S., P.D.J.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium; Epilepsy Centre Kempenhaeghe (S.W.), Oosterhout, the Netherlands; Algemeen Stedelijk Ziekenhuis (E.F.), Aalst; Division of Neurology (P.D.J.), Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp University, Belgium; Centre hospitalier général de Valence (M.V.R.); Department of Medical Genetics (G.L.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Claude Bernard Lyon I University (G.L.); CRNL (G.L.), CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, Lyon; Centre de référence épilepsies rares et Sclérose tubéreuse de Bourneville (I.A.-G., M.B.); Genotyping and Sequencing Platform, ICM (E.M.), and DNA and Cell Bank (P.C.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Surge
authors.forename: Mihaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vlaicu
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology (F.P.), and Service of Genetic Medicine (S.E.A.), University Hospitals of Geneva; Department of Genetic Medicine and Development (P.M.), and iGE3, Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (S.E.A.), University of Geneva, Switzerland; Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), U1127, ICM, Paris, F-75013 Paris; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, F-75013 Paris (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), Paris; CNRS (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), UMR7225, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Epilepsy Unit (V.N., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B.), ICM, Paris, F-75013 Paris, France (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), and Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique (C.D., E.L.), AP-HP Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Epilepsy, Sleep and Pediatric Neurophysiology (J.d.B.), University Hospitals of Lyon; Hospices Civils de Lyon (D.V.), HFME, centre de référence déficiences intellectuelles de causes rares et sclérose tubéreuse de Bourneville, Bron, France; Neurogenetics Group (S.W., A.S., P.D.J.), Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (S.W., A.S., P.D.J.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium; Epilepsy Centre Kempenhaeghe (S.W.), Oosterhout, the Netherlands; Algemeen Stedelijk Ziekenhuis (E.F.), Aalst; Division of Neurology (P.D.J.), Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp University, Belgium; Centre hospitalier général de Valence (M.V.R.); Department of Medical Genetics (G.L.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Claude Bernard Lyon I University (G.L.); CRNL (G.L.), CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, Lyon; Centre de référence épilepsies rares et Sclérose tubéreuse de Bourneville (I.A.-G., M.B.); Genotyping and Sequencing Platform, ICM (E.M.), and DNA and Cell Bank (P.C.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Surge
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baulac
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology (F.P.), and Service of Genetic Medicine (S.E.A.), University Hospitals of Geneva; Department of Genetic Medicine and Development (P.M.), and iGE3, Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (S.E.A.), University of Geneva, Switzerland; Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), U1127, ICM, Paris, F-75013 Paris; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, F-75013 Paris (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), Paris; CNRS (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), UMR7225, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Epilepsy Unit (V.N., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B.), ICM, Paris, F-75013 Paris, France (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), and Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique (C.D., E.L.), AP-HP Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Epilepsy, Sleep and Pediatric Neurophysiology (J.d.B.), University Hospitals of Lyon; Hospices Civils de Lyon (D.V.), HFME, centre de référence déficiences intellectuelles de causes rares et sclérose tubéreuse de Bourneville, Bron, France; Neurogenetics Group (S.W., A.S., P.D.J.), Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (S.W., A.S., P.D.J.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium; Epilepsy Centre Kempenhaeghe (S.W.), Oosterhout, the Netherlands; Algemeen Stedelijk Ziekenhuis (E.F.), Aalst; Division of Neurology (P.D.J.), Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp University, Belgium; Centre hospitalier général de Valence (M.V.R.); Department of Medical Genetics (G.L.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Claude Bernard Lyon I University (G.L.); CRNL (G.L.), CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, Lyon; Centre de référence épilepsies rares et Sclérose tubéreuse de Bourneville (I.A.-G., M.B.); Genotyping and Sequencing Platform, ICM (E.M.), and DNA and Cell Bank (P.C.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Surge
authors.forename: Emeline
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mundwiller
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology (F.P.), and Service of Genetic Medicine (S.E.A.), University Hospitals of Geneva; Department of Genetic Medicine and Development (P.M.), and iGE3, Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (S.E.A.), University of Geneva, Switzerland; Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), U1127, ICM, Paris, F-75013 Paris; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, F-75013 Paris (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), Paris; CNRS (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), UMR7225, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Epilepsy Unit (V.N., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B.), ICM, Paris, F-75013 Paris, France (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), and Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique (C.D., E.L.), AP-HP Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Epilepsy, Sleep and Pediatric Neurophysiology (J.d.B.), University Hospitals of Lyon; Hospices Civils de Lyon (D.V.), HFME, centre de référence déficiences intellectuelles de causes rares et sclérose tubéreuse de Bourneville, Bron, France; Neurogenetics Group (S.W., A.S., P.D.J.), Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (S.W., A.S., P.D.J.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium; Epilepsy Centre Kempenhaeghe (S.W.), Oosterhout, the Netherlands; Algemeen Stedelijk Ziekenhuis (E.F.), Aalst; Division of Neurology (P.D.J.), Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp University, Belgium; Centre hospitalier général de Valence (M.V.R.); Department of Medical Genetics (G.L.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Claude Bernard Lyon I University (G.L.); CRNL (G.L.), CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, Lyon; Centre de référence épilepsies rares et Sclérose tubéreuse de Bourneville (I.A.-G., M.B.); Genotyping and Sequencing Platform, ICM (E.M.), and DNA and Cell Bank (P.C.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Surge
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Couarch
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology (F.P.), and Service of Genetic Medicine (S.E.A.), University Hospitals of Geneva; Department of Genetic Medicine and Development (P.M.), and iGE3, Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (S.E.A.), University of Geneva, Switzerland; Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), U1127, ICM, Paris, F-75013 Paris; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, F-75013 Paris (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), Paris; CNRS (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), UMR7225, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Epilepsy Unit (V.N., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B.), ICM, Paris, F-75013 Paris, France (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), and Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique (C.D., E.L.), AP-HP Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Epilepsy, Sleep and Pediatric Neurophysiology (J.d.B.), University Hospitals of Lyon; Hospices Civils de Lyon (D.V.), HFME, centre de référence déficiences intellectuelles de causes rares et sclérose tubéreuse de Bourneville, Bron, France; Neurogenetics Group (S.W., A.S., P.D.J.), Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (S.W., A.S., P.D.J.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium; Epilepsy Centre Kempenhaeghe (S.W.), Oosterhout, the Netherlands; Algemeen Stedelijk Ziekenhuis (E.F.), Aalst; Division of Neurology (P.D.J.), Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp University, Belgium; Centre hospitalier général de Valence (M.V.R.); Department of Medical Genetics (G.L.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Claude Bernard Lyon I University (G.L.); CRNL (G.L.), CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, Lyon; Centre de référence épilepsies rares et Sclérose tubéreuse de Bourneville (I.A.-G., M.B.); Genotyping and Sequencing Platform, ICM (E.M.), and DNA and Cell Bank (P.C.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Surge
authors.forename: Romina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Combi
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology (F.P.), and Service of Genetic Medicine (S.E.A.), University Hospitals of Geneva; Department of Genetic Medicine and Development (P.M.), and iGE3, Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (S.E.A.), University of Geneva, Switzerland; Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), U1127, ICM, Paris, F-75013 Paris; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, F-75013 Paris (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), Paris; CNRS (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), UMR7225, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Epilepsy Unit (V.N., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B.), ICM, Paris, F-75013 Paris, France (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), and Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique (C.D., E.L.), AP-HP Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Epilepsy, Sleep and Pediatric Neurophysiology (J.d.B.), University Hospitals of Lyon; Hospices Civils de Lyon (D.V.), HFME, centre de référence déficiences intellectuelles de causes rares et sclérose tubéreuse de Bourneville, Bron, France; Neurogenetics Group (S.W., A.S., P.D.J.), Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (S.W., A.S., P.D.J.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium; Epilepsy Centre Kempenhaeghe (S.W.), Oosterhout, the Netherlands; Algemeen Stedelijk Ziekenhuis (E.F.), Aalst; Division of Neurology (P.D.J.), Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp University, Belgium; Centre hospitalier général de Valence (M.V.R.); Department of Medical Genetics (G.L.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Claude Bernard Lyon I University (G.L.); CRNL (G.L.), CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, Lyon; Centre de référence épilepsies rares et Sclérose tubéreuse de Bourneville (I.A.-G., M.B.); Genotyping and Sequencing Platform, ICM (E.M.), and DNA and Cell Bank (P.C.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Surge
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ferini-Strambi
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology (F.P.), and Service of Genetic Medicine (S.E.A.), University Hospitals of Geneva; Department of Genetic Medicine and Development (P.M.), and iGE3, Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (S.E.A.), University of Geneva, Switzerland; Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), U1127, ICM, Paris, F-75013 Paris; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, F-75013 Paris (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), Paris; CNRS (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), UMR7225, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Epilepsy Unit (V.N., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B.), ICM, Paris, F-75013 Paris, France (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), and Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique (C.D., E.L.), AP-HP Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Epilepsy, Sleep and Pediatric Neurophysiology (J.d.B.), University Hospitals of Lyon; Hospices Civils de Lyon (D.V.), HFME, centre de référence déficiences intellectuelles de causes rares et sclérose tubéreuse de Bourneville, Bron, France; Neurogenetics Group (S.W., A.S., P.D.J.), Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (S.W., A.S., P.D.J.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium; Epilepsy Centre Kempenhaeghe (S.W.), Oosterhout, the Netherlands; Algemeen Stedelijk Ziekenhuis (E.F.), Aalst; Division of Neurology (P.D.J.), Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp University, Belgium; Centre hospitalier général de Valence (M.V.R.); Department of Medical Genetics (G.L.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Claude Bernard Lyon I University (G.L.); CRNL (G.L.), CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, Lyon; Centre de référence épilepsies rares et Sclérose tubéreuse de Bourneville (I.A.-G., M.B.); Genotyping and Sequencing Platform, ICM (E.M.), and DNA and Cell Bank (P.C.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Surge
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gambardella
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology (F.P.), and Service of Genetic Medicine (S.E.A.), University Hospitals of Geneva; Department of Genetic Medicine and Development (P.M.), and iGE3, Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (S.E.A.), University of Geneva, Switzerland; Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), U1127, ICM, Paris, F-75013 Paris; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, F-75013 Paris (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), Paris; CNRS (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), UMR7225, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Epilepsy Unit (V.N., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B.), ICM, Paris, F-75013 Paris, France (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), and Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique (C.D., E.L.), AP-HP Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Epilepsy, Sleep and Pediatric Neurophysiology (J.d.B.), University Hospitals of Lyon; Hospices Civils de Lyon (D.V.), HFME, centre de référence déficiences intellectuelles de causes rares et sclérose tubéreuse de Bourneville, Bron, France; Neurogenetics Group (S.W., A.S., P.D.J.), Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (S.W., A.S., P.D.J.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium; Epilepsy Centre Kempenhaeghe (S.W.), Oosterhout, the Netherlands; Algemeen Stedelijk Ziekenhuis (E.F.), Aalst; Division of Neurology (P.D.J.), Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp University, Belgium; Centre hospitalier général de Valence (M.V.R.); Department of Medical Genetics (G.L.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Claude Bernard Lyon I University (G.L.); CRNL (G.L.), CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, Lyon; Centre de référence épilepsies rares et Sclérose tubéreuse de Bourneville (I.A.-G., M.B.); Genotyping and Sequencing Platform, ICM (E.M.), and DNA and Cell Bank (P.C.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Surge
authors.forename: Stylianos E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Antonarakis
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology (F.P.), and Service of Genetic Medicine (S.E.A.), University Hospitals of Geneva; Department of Genetic Medicine and Development (P.M.), and iGE3, Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (S.E.A.), University of Geneva, Switzerland; Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), U1127, ICM, Paris, F-75013 Paris; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, F-75013 Paris (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), Paris; CNRS (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), UMR7225, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Epilepsy Unit (V.N., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B.), ICM, Paris, F-75013 Paris, France (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), and Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique (C.D., E.L.), AP-HP Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Epilepsy, Sleep and Pediatric Neurophysiology (J.d.B.), University Hospitals of Lyon; Hospices Civils de Lyon (D.V.), HFME, centre de référence déficiences intellectuelles de causes rares et sclérose tubéreuse de Bourneville, Bron, France; Neurogenetics Group (S.W., A.S., P.D.J.), Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (S.W., A.S., P.D.J.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium; Epilepsy Centre Kempenhaeghe (S.W.), Oosterhout, the Netherlands; Algemeen Stedelijk Ziekenhuis (E.F.), Aalst; Division of Neurology (P.D.J.), Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp University, Belgium; Centre hospitalier général de Valence (M.V.R.); Department of Medical Genetics (G.L.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Claude Bernard Lyon I University (G.L.); CRNL (G.L.), CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, Lyon; Centre de référence épilepsies rares et Sclérose tubéreuse de Bourneville (I.A.-G., M.B.); Genotyping and Sequencing Platform, ICM (E.M.), and DNA and Cell Bank (P.C.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Surge
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Leguern
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology (F.P.), and Service of Genetic Medicine (S.E.A.), University Hospitals of Geneva; Department of Genetic Medicine and Development (P.M.), and iGE3, Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (S.E.A.), University of Geneva, Switzerland; Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), U1127, ICM, Paris, F-75013 Paris; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, F-75013 Paris (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), Paris; CNRS (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), UMR7225, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Epilepsy Unit (V.N., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B.), ICM, Paris, F-75013 Paris, France (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), and Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique (C.D., E.L.), AP-HP Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Epilepsy, Sleep and Pediatric Neurophysiology (J.d.B.), University Hospitals of Lyon; Hospices Civils de Lyon (D.V.), HFME, centre de référence déficiences intellectuelles de causes rares et sclérose tubéreuse de Bourneville, Bron, France; Neurogenetics Group (S.W., A.S., P.D.J.), Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (S.W., A.S., P.D.J.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium; Epilepsy Centre Kempenhaeghe (S.W.), Oosterhout, the Netherlands; Algemeen Stedelijk Ziekenhuis (E.F.), Aalst; Division of Neurology (P.D.J.), Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp University, Belgium; Centre hospitalier général de Valence (M.V.R.); Department of Medical Genetics (G.L.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Claude Bernard Lyon I University (G.L.); CRNL (G.L.), CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, Lyon; Centre de référence épilepsies rares et Sclérose tubéreuse de Bourneville (I.A.-G., M.B.); Genotyping and Sequencing Platform, ICM (E.M.), and DNA and Cell Bank (P.C.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Surge
authors.forename: Ortrud
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Steinlein
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology (F.P.), and Service of Genetic Medicine (S.E.A.), University Hospitals of Geneva; Department of Genetic Medicine and Development (P.M.), and iGE3, Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (S.E.A.), University of Geneva, Switzerland; Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), U1127, ICM, Paris, F-75013 Paris; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, F-75013 Paris (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), Paris; CNRS (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), UMR7225, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Epilepsy Unit (V.N., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B.), ICM, Paris, F-75013 Paris, France (V.N., S.I., C.D., I.A.-G., M.V., M.B., E.L., S.B.), and Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique (C.D., E.L.), AP-HP Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris; Epilepsy, Sleep and Pediatric Neurophysiology (J.d.B.), University Hospitals of Lyon; Hospices Civils de Lyon (D.V.), HFME, centre de référence déficiences intellectuelles de causes rares et sclérose tubéreuse de Bourneville, Bron, France; Neurogenetics Group (S.W., A.S., P.D.J.), Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (S.W., A.S., P.D.J.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium; Epilepsy Centre Kempenhaeghe (S.W.), Oosterhout, the Netherlands; Algemeen Stedelijk Ziekenhuis (E.F.), Aalst; Division of Neurology (P.D.J.), Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp University, Belgium; Centre hospitalier général de Valence (M.V.R.); Department of Medical Genetics (G.L.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Claude Bernard Lyon I University (G.L.); CRNL (G.L.), CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, Lyon; Centre de référence épilepsies rares et Sclérose tubéreuse de Bourneville (I.A.-G., M.B.); Genotyping and Sequencing Platform, ICM (E.M.), and DNA and Cell Bank (P.C.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Surge
authors.forename: Stéphanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baulac
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002892:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22 / Q000235:genetics; D004351:Drug Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D017034:Epilepsy, Frontal Lobe / Q000235:genetics; D005060:Europe; D059472:Exome / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D020690:GTPase-Activating Proteins; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D010375:Pedigree; D010641:Phenotype; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C000590398:DEPDC5 protein, human; D020690:GTPase-Activating Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins