title: Influence of genetic abnormalities on semen quality and male fertility: A four-year prospective study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Wide range of disorders ranging from genetic disorders to coital difficulties can influence male fertility. In this regard, genetic factors are highlighted as the most frequent, contributed to 10-15%, of male infertility causes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the influence of genetic abnormalities on semen quality and reproductive hormone levels of infertile men from Northeast China.
  
  
  METHODS
  2034 infertile men including 691 patients with abnormal sperm parameters were investigated retrospectively. Semen analysis was performed according to the World Health Organization guidelines. Y chromosome micro deletions were detected by polymerase chain reaction assays. Chromosome analysis was performed using G-banding.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of abnormal chromosomal karyotype in the patients with abnormal sperm parameters was 12.01% (83/691). The most frequent cause was Klinefelter's syndrome 37.35% (31/83). As the same as chromosomal abnormalities group, the volumes of testes (p=0.000 and 0.000, respectively) and the levels of testosterone (T) (p=0.000), and testosterone/ luteinizing hormone (T/LH) (p=0.000) of patients with Y chromosome micro deletions were significantly lower than those of fertile group. In addition, the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) (p=0.000), and luteinizing hormone (LH) (p=0.000) were significantly higher in patients with Y chromosome micro deletions than those in the fertile group. Translocation abnormalities displayed slight effect on sperm motility.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Y chromosome micro deletions and sex chromosome disorders particularly Klinefelter's (47, XXY), have severe adverse influence on normal hormone levels, testicular volume and sperm count, whereas translocation abnormalities may inversely correlate with sperm motility.
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medical Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
authors.forename: Fadlalla
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Elfateh
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medical Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
authors.forename: Ruixue
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medical Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
authors.forename: Zhihong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medical Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
authors.forename: Yuting
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medical Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
authors.forename: Shuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medical Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
authors.forename: Ruizhi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liu
keywords: Chromosomal abnormalities; Male infertility; Semen quality; Y -chromosome microdeletions