title: Cancer chemopreventive effects of the flavonoid-rich fraction isolated from papaya seeds.
abstract: Intervention to decelerate, arrest, or reverse the process of carcinogenesis by the use of either natural or synthetic agents individually or in combination has emerged as a promising and pragmatic medical approach to reduce cancer risk. In the present study, we examined the cancer chemopreventive potential of a flavonoid-rich fraction isolated from the seeds of Carica papaya, a plant traditionally referred to as papaw. The flavonoid-enriched benzene fraction of the aqueous extract exerted its anticancer properties in vitro through cytoprotection, antioxidative and antiinflammatory mechanisms and genoprotection in response to isocyanate-induced carcinogenicity. Medium-term anticarcinogenicity and 2-stage skin papillomagenesis studies conducted in benzopyrene-induced lung carcinogenesis and 7,12-dimethyl benz(a)anthracene-mediated skin papillomagenesis mouse models further validated our in vitro observations. This is the first demonstration of chemopreventive activities of papaya seed products, however, further studies to understand the subtle targets of intracellular signaling pathways, pharmacological profile and toxicological safety of this bioactive fraction are essential to pave the way for successful clinical translation. Our study supports the inverse association between dietary flavonoid intake and cancer risk.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Research , Bhopal Memorial Hospital & Research Centre , Bhopal , India.
authors.forename: Neelam
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pathak
authors.forename: Saba
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Arpit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bhargava
authors.forename: Gorantla V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Raghuram
authors.forename: Deepika
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: Hariom
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Panwar
authors.forename: Ravindra M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Samarth
authors.forename: Subodh K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: Kewal K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Maudar
authors.forename: Dinesh K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.forename: Pradyumna K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Mishra
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D029441:Carica / Q000737:chemistry*; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D018890:Chemoprevention; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D005419:Flavonoids; D010936:Plant Extracts