title: Prognostic value of S100/CD31 and S100/podoplanin double immunostaining in mucosal malignant melanoma of the head and neck.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In uncommon mucosal melanomas of the head and neck established prognostic factors are rare and controversially discussed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate outcome and value of S100/podoplanin and S100/CD31 double immunostaining in head and neck mucosal melanomas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospectively, patients with head and neck mucosal melanomas treated between 1973 and 2008 were analyzed. S100/podoplanin and S100/CD31 immunostaining were performed to detect lymph vessel invasion (LVI) and blood vessel invasion (BVI). Predictive parameters for disease-specific survival (DSS) were identified using univariate and multivariate statistics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-two patients with head and neck mucosal melanoma were included. Three-year, 5-year, and 10-year DSS rates were 59%, 44%, and 20%, respectively. Age above 70 years, occurrence of distant metastasis, LVI, and BVI were significantly associated with shorter DSS time (p < .05), whereas localization at the conjunctiva showed better outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  S100/podoplanin and S100/CD31 double immunostaining detect reliable LVI and BVI in head and neck mucosal melanoma and both are associated significantly with worse prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Fachklinik Hornheide, Head and Neck Cancer Centre, Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Muenster, Germany.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8284-217X
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wermker
authors.affiliation: Fachklinik Hornheide, Head and Neck Cancer Centre, Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Muenster, Germany.|University of Witten/Herdecke and Klinikum Dortmund, Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Dortmund, Germany.
authors.forename: Till
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Brauckmann
authors.affiliation: Fachklinik Hornheide, Head and Neck Cancer Centre, Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Muenster, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.affiliation: University of Witten/Herdecke and Klinikum Dortmund, Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Dortmund, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haßfeld
authors.affiliation: Fachklinik Hornheide, Skin Cancer Centre, Department of Dermatology and Dermato-Histo-Pathology, Muenster, Germany.
authors.forename: Hans-Joachim
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Schulze
authors.affiliation: Fachklinik Hornheide, Skin Cancer Centre, Department of Dermatology and Dermato-Histo-Pathology, Muenster, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hallermann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D008875:Middle Aged; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000473:pathology*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D000067616:S100A12 Protein; D016019:Survival Analysis; D000098853:Podoplanin
chemical_list: D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D000067616:S100A12 Protein; C117468:PDPN protein, human; D000098853:Podoplanin
keywords: CD31; blood vessel invasion; lymph vessel invasion; mucosal malignant melanoma; podoplanin; prognosis