title: Cytotoxicity of ultrafine monodispersed nanoceria on human gastric cancer cells.
abstract: The safety and toxicity of CeO2 nanoparticles (nanoceria) are of growing concern due to their potential applications in biological and medical fields based on the radical scavenging and UV-filtering properties. In this paper, the ultrafine monodisperse (2-5 nm) water-insoluble (CeO2-P) and water-soluble nanoceria modified with various functional groups of dextran (CeO2-dextran), polyacrylic acid (CeO2-PAA) and ethylenediamine (CeO2-EDA) on surface were synthesized via alkaline-based precipitation and inverse microemulsion methods. The cell uptaking, oxidative stress and cytotoxicity of these nanoceria on human gastric cancer cell line (BGC-803) were systematically investigated. It is found that the cell uptaking of nanoceria is largely relied on the function groups on its surfaces and followed the order: CeO2-P > CeO2-EDA > CeO2-dextran > CeO2-PAA. Moreover, the oxidative stress of BGC-803 cells is obviously affected by the antioxidant capacity of nanoceria determined by Ce3+/Ce4+ ratio, which eventually causes the cell viability variable once the nanoceria entered into BGC-803 cells. In addition, the cell viability is also closely correlated with the concentration and surface characteristics of nanoceria. The cytotoxicity of nanoceria on BGC-803 cells is largely dependent on its surface functional groups. Our work may provide guidance on the cytotoxicity of ultrafine monodisperse nanoceria for their uses in biological and medical fields.
authors.forename: Changyan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Wenzhi
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Baocang
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Guangran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Lixia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Haibo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.forename: Dandan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shang
authors.forename: Dezhi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Aletangaole
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Damirin
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002563:Cerium / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D056951:Photoelectron Spectroscopy; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D013499:Surface Properties; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D002563:Cerium; C030583:ceric oxide