title: Upregulation of Toll-like receptor 5 expression in the conjunctival epithelium of various human ocular surface diseases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 5 in the conjunctival epithelium of patients with severe ocular surface diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunohistochemical study of TLR5 was performed on conjunctival tissues obtained from patients undergoing surgical reconstruction of the ocular surface to treat Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) (n=4), ocular cicatricial pemphigoid (OCP) (n=3), chemical eye burn (n=3), and pterygium (n=2), and on nearly normal conjunctival tissues obtained during surgery for four cases of conjunctivochalasis as a control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TLR5 protein was consistently and abundantly expressed in the conjunctival epithelium and detected only at the basal and wing cells. However, in the conjunctival epithelium obtained from the patients with SJS, OCP and chemical eye burns, the TLR5 protein was detected at not only the basal and wing cells but also at the superficial cells. TLR5 protein detected in the pterygium patients mirrored that detected in the controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although TLR5 was normally present on the basal and wing cells of conjunctival epithelium with spatially selective presence, it was expressed on not only the basal and wing cells but also the superficial cells in the conjunctival epithelium of patients with SJS, OCP or chemical eye burns, suggesting that TLR5 might be upregulated in the conjunctival epithelium of these diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan Research Center for Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Mayumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ueta
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Chie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sotozono
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Norihiko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yokoi
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inatomi
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003228:Conjunctiva / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000378:metabolism*; D003229:Conjunctival Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*; D004848:Epithelium / Q000378:metabolism; D005126:Eye Burns / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D010390:Pemphigoid, Benign Mucous Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D011625:Pterygium / Q000378:metabolism; D013262:Stevens-Johnson Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism; D051198:Toll-Like Receptor 5 / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D051198:Toll-Like Receptor 5
keywords: Conjunctiva; Cornea; Inflammation; Ocular surface