title: Carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes aggravated biochemical and subcellular damages in leaves of broad bean (Vicia faba L.) seedlings under combined stress of lead and cadmium.
abstract: Increasing industrialization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) would inevitably lead to their release into the environment and combination with heavy metals. However, studies concerning the combined effects of MWCNTs and heavy metals on agricultural crops are limited. Herein, effects and mechanisms of carboxylated MWCNTs (MWCNTs-COOH) (2.5, 5 and 10mg/L) and their combination with 20 μM Pb and 5 μM Cd (shortened as Pb+Cd) on Vicia faba L. seedlings were investigated. The results showed that the MWCNTs-COOH disturbed the imbalance of nutrient elements, and caused oxidative stress and damages in the leaves. Additionally, the combination of MWCNTs-COOH with Pb+Cd resulted in enrichment of Pb and Cd, and deterioration of oxidative damages compared with the treatments of MWCNTs-COOH or Pb+Cd alone in the leaves. As the results, the concentrations of MWCNTs-COOH not only caused oxidative stress, but also exacerbated the biochemical and subcellular damages due to the treatment of Pb+Cd in the leaves. It also suggests that persistent release of MWCNTs-COOH into the environment may cause phytotoxicity and aggravate ecological risks due to combination of heavy metals.
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science, Huainan Normal University, Huainan 232001, China. Electronic address: chengrunwang@163.com.
authors.forename: Chengrun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science, Huainan Normal University, Huainan 232001, China.
authors.forename: Haitao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science, Huainan Normal University, Huainan 232001, China.
authors.forename: Jinyun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science, Huainan Normal University, Huainan 232001, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science, Huainan Normal University, Huainan 232001, China.
authors.forename: Dongdong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science, Huainan Normal University, Huainan 232001, China.
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science, Huainan Normal University, Huainan 232001, China.
authors.forename: Qingping
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D002104:Cadmium / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D002264:Carboxylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D007854:Lead / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D010544:Peroxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D036226:Seedlings / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D031307:Vicia faba / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D002264:Carboxylic Acids; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D010940:Plant Proteins; D002104:Cadmium; D007854:Lead; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D010544:Peroxidases; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-COOH); Ecological risk; Heavy metals; Oxidative damages; Vicia faba L.