title: Genome analysis of Enterococcus faecalis bacteriophage IME-EF3 harboring a putative metallo-beta-lactamase gene.
abstract: Lytic Enterococcus faecalis bacteriophage IME-EF3 was isolated from hospital sewage, and its genome was sequenced using high-throughput sequencing. Genomic analysis and electron microscopy suggested that IME-EF3 was a member of the family Siphoviridae. The phage has an isometric head and a long non-contractile tail with a 41 kb linear double-stranded DNA genome. The genome encodes 69 putative proteins, with 32 annotated functionally, including proteins related to phage structure, packaging, transcription, replication, and a lysis module. Interestingly, a metallo-beta-lactamase gene responsible for multi-drug resistance was found in the genome of IME-EF3. The possibility of horizontal gene transfer of the metallo-beta-lactamase gene suggests that phage IME-EF3, although lytic, might not be suitable for phage therapy unless one would devise a way to delete the metallo-beta-lactamase gene. Hence, whole genome sequencing should always be a prerequisite for identifying a phage therapy candidate.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China, lxyandpp@foxmail.com.
authors.forename: Xiaoyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Chuanyin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Hang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Yahui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhiqiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Mi
authors.forename: Fumin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Yigang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tong
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001435:Bacteriophages / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics*; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000821:virology*; D016679:Genome, Viral; D006761:Hospitals; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012722:Sewage / Q000821:virology; D017906:Siphoviridae / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014771:Virion / Q000648:ultrastructure; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D012722:Sewage; D001618:beta-Lactamases