title: Intrauterine administration of recombinant human chorionic gonadotropin before embryo transfer on outcome of in vitro fertilization/ intracytoplasmic sperm injection: A randomized clinical trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The direct effect of hCG on the human endometrium was studied several times.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effectiveness of intrauterine injection of recombinant human chorionic gonadotropin (rhCG) before embryo transfer (ET).
  
  
  METHODS
  In this randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial, a total number of 182 infertile patients undergoing their first in vitro fertilization/ intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF-ICSI) cycles were randomly assigned to receive 250μg intrauterine rhCG (n=84) or placebo (n=98) before ET. The implantation and pregnancy rates were compared between groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients who received intrauterine rhCG before ET had significantly higher implantation (36.9% vs. 22.4%; p=0.035), clinical pregnancy rates (34.5% vs. 20.4%; p=0.044) and ongoing pregnancy rate (32.1% vs. 18.4%; p=0.032) when compared to those who received placebo. The abortion (2.4% vs. 2.0%; p=0.929) and ectopic pregnancy rates (1.2% vs. 1.0%; p=0.976) were comparable between groups of rhCG and placebo, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intrauterine injection of 250μg of rhCG before ET significantly improves the implantation and pregnancy rates in IVF/ICSI cycles.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  IRCT2012121711790N1 This article extracted from fellowship course thesis. (Masoumeh Younesi).
authors.affiliation: Infertility Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Afsoon
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zarei
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Ebrahim
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Parsanezhad
authors.affiliation: Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Masoumeh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Younesi
authors.affiliation: Infertility Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Saeed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alborzi
authors.affiliation: Infertility Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Jaleh
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zolghadri
authors.affiliation: Infertility Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Alamtaj
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Samsami
authors.affiliation: Infertility Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Sedigheh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Amooee
authors.affiliation: Infertility Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Shahintaj
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aramesh
keywords: Implantation rate; In vitro fertilization (IVF); Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI); Pregnancy rate; Recombinant human chorionic gonadotropin (rhCG)