title: Cylinder stress in nanostructures: effect on domains in nanowires, nanotubes, and nano-disks.
abstract: Since the work of Landau-Lifshitz in 1935, Kittel in 1946 and by Roytburd and Arlt more recently, we have understood that the width w of magnetic or ferroelectric or elastic domains and twins is proportional to the square root of the characteristic length d, which is thickness in a thin film or diameter in a small grain. This square root relationship is derived by balancing stress: larger-area domains have larger stress, which can be minimized by having adjacent domains of reversed orientation, but at the cost of wall energy. Three-dimensional objects undergo three kinds of stress: axial, radial, and azimuthal ('hoop stress'), the last of which has previously been ignored. Unlike axial stress, it is proportional to d, not d(2), and we show that it leads to w linear in d.
authors.affiliation: Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK.
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Scott
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D004548:Elasticity; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*; D043942:Nanotubes / Q000737:chemistry*; D053770:Nanowires / Q000737:chemistry*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical