title: An isoflavone from Dipteryx alata Vogel is active against the in vitro neuromuscular paralysis of Bothrops jararacussu snake venom and bothropstoxin I, and prevents venom-induced myonecrosis.
abstract: Snakebite is a neglected disease and serious health problem in Brazil, with most bites being caused by snakes of the genus Bothrops. Although serum therapy is the primary treatment for systemic envenomation, it is generally ineffective in neutralizing the local effects of these venoms. In this work, we examined the ability of 7,8,3'-trihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone (TM), an isoflavone from Dipteryx alata, to neutralize the neurotoxicity (in mouse phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparations) and myotoxicity (assessed by light microscopy) of Bothrops jararacussu snake venom in vitro. The toxicity of TM was assessed using the Salmonella microsome assay (Ames test). Incubation with TM alone (200 μg/mL) did not alter the muscle twitch tension whereas incubation with venom (40 μg/mL) caused irreversible paralysis. Preincubation of TM (200 μg/mL) with venom attenuated the venom-induced neuromuscular blockade by 84% ± 5% (mean ± SEM; n = 4). The neuromuscular blockade caused by bothropstoxin-I (BthTX-I), the major myotoxic PLA2 of this venom, was also attenuated by TM. Histological analysis of diaphragm muscle incubated with TM showed that most fibers were preserved (only 9.2% ± 1.7% were damaged; n = 4) compared to venom alone (50.3% ± 5.4% of fibers damaged; n = 3), and preincubation of TM with venom significantly attenuated the venom-induced damage (only 17% ± 3.4% of fibers damaged; n = 3; p < 0.05 compared to venom alone). TM showed no mutagenicity in the Ames test using Salmonella strains TA98 and TA97a with (+S9) and without (-S9) metabolic activation. These findings indicate that TM is a potentially useful compound for antagonizing the neuromuscular effects (neurotoxicity and myotoxicity) of B. jararacussu venom.
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sorocaba (UNISO), Rodovia Raposo Tavares, Km 92.5, 18023-000 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil. miriele.ferraz@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Miriéle C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Ferraz
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sorocaba (UNISO), Rodovia Raposo Tavares, Km 92.5, 18023-000 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil. edsonyoshida@bol.com.br.
authors.forename: Edson H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduate Program in Technological and Environmental Processes, University of Sorocaba (UNISO), Rodovia Raposo Tavares, Km 92.5, 18023-000 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil. renavasques@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Renata V S
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Tavares
authors.affiliation: Serpentarium of the Vale do Paraíba University (CEN-UNIVAP), Av Shishima Hifumi 2911, 12244-000 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil. jccogo@univap.br.
authors.forename: José C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Cogo
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Bromatological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo University (USP), Via do Café S/N, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. acocintra@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Adélia C O
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Cintra
authors.affiliation: LANETOX, Federal University of Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Avenida Antonio Trilha 1847, 97300-000 São Gabriel, RS, Brazil. charistonbelo@unipampa.edu.br.
authors.forename: Cháriston A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Dal Belo
authors.affiliation: Methodist University of Piracicaba, Rodovia do Açucar, Km 156, 13423-170 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. lenof@terra.com.br.
authors.forename: Luiz M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Franco
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduate Course in Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Tocantins (UFT), Av NS 15 ALC NO 14, 109 Norte, 77001-090 Palmas, TO, Brazil. galdino@uft.edu.br.
authors.forename: Márcio G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: dos Santos
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jau, Km 1, 14801-902 Araraquara, SP, Brazil. flaviabiomed@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Flávia A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Resende
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jau, Km 1, 14801-902 Araraquara, SP, Brazil. eavaranda@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Eliana A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Varanda
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, 13083-887 Campinas, SP, Brazil. hyslop@fcm.unicamp.br.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hyslop
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sorocaba (UNISO), Rodovia Raposo Tavares, Km 92.5, 18023-000 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil. puebla@usal.es.
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Puebla
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sorocaba (UNISO), Rodovia Raposo Tavares, Km 92.5, 18023-000 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil. asf@usal.es.
authors.forename: Arturo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: San Feliciano
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sorocaba (UNISO), Rodovia Raposo Tavares, Km 92.5, 18023-000 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil. yoko.franco@prof.uniso.br.
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oshima-Franco
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D017837:Bothrops / Q000378:metabolism; D001938:Brazil; D003435:Crotalid Venoms / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D046914:Dipteryx / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D051379:Mice; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D009336:Necrosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D019148:Neuromuscular Blockade; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D012910:Snake Venoms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; C477871:Bothrops jararaca inhibitor; D003435:Crotalid Venoms; D007529:Isoflavones; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012910:Snake Venoms; C078097:bothropstoxin