title: Assessment of reproducibility--automated and digital caliper ECG measurement in the Framingham Heart Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Digitized electrocardiography permits the rapid, automated quantification of electrocardiograms (ECGs) for analysis. Community- and population-based studies have increasingly integrated such data. Assessing the reproducibility of automated ECG measures with manual measures is a critical step in preparation for using automated measures for research purposes. We recently established an ECG repository of digitally recorded ECGs for the Framingham Heart Study and we sought to assess the reproducibility of automated and manual measures.
  
  
  METHODS
  We selected 185 digitally recorded ECGs from routine visits of Framingham Heart Study participants spanning from 1986 to 2012. We selected the following ECG measures for their relevance to clinical and epidemiologic research: P wave duration, P wave amplitude, and PR interval in lead II; QRS duration and R wave amplitude in lead V6; and QT interval in lead V5. We obtained automated values for each waveform, and used a digital caliper for manual measurements. Digital caliper measurements were repeated in a subset (n=81) of the samples for intrarater assessment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We calculated the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values for the interrater and intrarater assessments. P wave duration had the lowest interrater ICC (r=0.46) and lowest intrarater ICC (r=0.57). R wave amplitude had the highest interrater and intrarater ICC (r=0.98) indicating excellent reproducibility. The remaining measures had interrater and intrarater ICCs of r≥0.81.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The interrater reproducibility findings for P wave amplitude, PR interval, QT interval, QRS duration, and R wave amplitude were excellent. In contrast, the reproducibility of P wave duration was more modest. These findings indicate high reproducibility of most automated and manual ECG measurements.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Gordon M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Burke
authors.affiliation: Data Coordinating Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Sue
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Blease
authors.affiliation: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA; Center for Population Studies and the Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.affiliation: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: jmagnani@bu.edu.
authors.forename: Jared W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Magnani
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016208:Databases, Factual; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D015588:Observer Variation; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted
keywords: Electrocardiogram; P waves; QRS complex; QT interval; Reproducibility