title: Antemortem MRI findings associated with microinfarcts at autopsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine antemortem MRI findings associated with microinfarcts at autopsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with microinfarcts (n = 22) and patients without microinfarcts (n = 44) who underwent antemortem MRI were identified from a dementia clinic-based, population-based, and community clinic-based autopsy cohort. The microinfarct and no-microinfarct groups were matched on age at MRI, age at death, sex, APOE status, Mini-Mental State Examination score, and pathologic diagnosis of Alzheimer disease. Brain infarcts were assessed on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) MRI. White matter hyperintensities on FLAIR MRI and hippocampal volumes on T1-weighted MRI were quantified using automated methods. A subset of subjects with microinfarcts (n = 15) and a matched group of subjects without microinfarcts (n = 15) had serial T1-weighted MRIs and were included in an analysis of global and regional brain atrophy rates using automated methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The presence of cortical (p = 0.03) and subcortical (p = 0.02) infarcts on antemortem MRI was associated with presence of microinfarcts at autopsy. Higher numbers of cortical (p = 0.05) and subcortical (p = 0.03) infarcts on antemortem MRI were also associated with presence of microinfarcts. Presence of microinfarcts was not associated with white matter hyperintensities and cross-sectional hippocampal volume on antemortem MRI. Whole-brain and regional precuneus, motor, and somatosensory atrophy rates were higher in subjects with microinfarcts compared to subjects without microinfarcts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Microinfarcts increase brain atrophy rates independent of Alzheimer disease pathology. Association between microinfarct pathology and macroinfarcts on MRI suggests either common risk factors or a shared pathophysiology and potentially common preventive targets.
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neurology (M.R.R., B.F.B., D.S.K., R.C.P.), Radiology (G.M.P., J.L.G., M.L.S., P.V., M.C.M., C.R.J., K.K.), Health Sciences Research (S.A.P.), and Pathology (J.E.P.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Department of Neuroscience (M.E.M., D.W.D.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL.
authors.forename: Mekala R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Raman
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neurology (M.R.R., B.F.B., D.S.K., R.C.P.), Radiology (G.M.P., J.L.G., M.L.S., P.V., M.C.M., C.R.J., K.K.), Health Sciences Research (S.A.P.), and Pathology (J.E.P.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Department of Neuroscience (M.E.M., D.W.D.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL.
authors.forename: Gregory M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Preboske
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neurology (M.R.R., B.F.B., D.S.K., R.C.P.), Radiology (G.M.P., J.L.G., M.L.S., P.V., M.C.M., C.R.J., K.K.), Health Sciences Research (S.A.P.), and Pathology (J.E.P.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Department of Neuroscience (M.E.M., D.W.D.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL.
authors.forename: Scott A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Przybelski
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neurology (M.R.R., B.F.B., D.S.K., R.C.P.), Radiology (G.M.P., J.L.G., M.L.S., P.V., M.C.M., C.R.J., K.K.), Health Sciences Research (S.A.P.), and Pathology (J.E.P.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Department of Neuroscience (M.E.M., D.W.D.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL.
authors.forename: Jeffrey L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Gunter
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neurology (M.R.R., B.F.B., D.S.K., R.C.P.), Radiology (G.M.P., J.L.G., M.L.S., P.V., M.C.M., C.R.J., K.K.), Health Sciences Research (S.A.P.), and Pathology (J.E.P.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Department of Neuroscience (M.E.M., D.W.D.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL.
authors.forename: Matthew L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Senjem
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neurology (M.R.R., B.F.B., D.S.K., R.C.P.), Radiology (G.M.P., J.L.G., M.L.S., P.V., M.C.M., C.R.J., K.K.), Health Sciences Research (S.A.P.), and Pathology (J.E.P.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Department of Neuroscience (M.E.M., D.W.D.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL.
authors.forename: Prashanthi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vemuri
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neurology (M.R.R., B.F.B., D.S.K., R.C.P.), Radiology (G.M.P., J.L.G., M.L.S., P.V., M.C.M., C.R.J., K.K.), Health Sciences Research (S.A.P.), and Pathology (J.E.P.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Department of Neuroscience (M.E.M., D.W.D.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL.
authors.forename: Matthew C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neurology (M.R.R., B.F.B., D.S.K., R.C.P.), Radiology (G.M.P., J.L.G., M.L.S., P.V., M.C.M., C.R.J., K.K.), Health Sciences Research (S.A.P.), and Pathology (J.E.P.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Department of Neuroscience (M.E.M., D.W.D.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL.
authors.forename: Melissa E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neurology (M.R.R., B.F.B., D.S.K., R.C.P.), Radiology (G.M.P., J.L.G., M.L.S., P.V., M.C.M., C.R.J., K.K.), Health Sciences Research (S.A.P.), and Pathology (J.E.P.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Department of Neuroscience (M.E.M., D.W.D.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL.
authors.forename: Bradley F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Boeve
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neurology (M.R.R., B.F.B., D.S.K., R.C.P.), Radiology (G.M.P., J.L.G., M.L.S., P.V., M.C.M., C.R.J., K.K.), Health Sciences Research (S.A.P.), and Pathology (J.E.P.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Department of Neuroscience (M.E.M., D.W.D.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL.
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Knopman
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neurology (M.R.R., B.F.B., D.S.K., R.C.P.), Radiology (G.M.P., J.L.G., M.L.S., P.V., M.C.M., C.R.J., K.K.), Health Sciences Research (S.A.P.), and Pathology (J.E.P.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Department of Neuroscience (M.E.M., D.W.D.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL.
authors.forename: Ronald C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Petersen
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neurology (M.R.R., B.F.B., D.S.K., R.C.P.), Radiology (G.M.P., J.L.G., M.L.S., P.V., M.C.M., C.R.J., K.K.), Health Sciences Research (S.A.P.), and Pathology (J.E.P.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Department of Neuroscience (M.E.M., D.W.D.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL.
authors.forename: Joseph E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Parisi
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neurology (M.R.R., B.F.B., D.S.K., R.C.P.), Radiology (G.M.P., J.L.G., M.L.S., P.V., M.C.M., C.R.J., K.K.), Health Sciences Research (S.A.P.), and Pathology (J.E.P.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Department of Neuroscience (M.E.M., D.W.D.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL.
authors.forename: Dennis W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Dickson
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neurology (M.R.R., B.F.B., D.S.K., R.C.P.), Radiology (G.M.P., J.L.G., M.L.S., P.V., M.C.M., C.R.J., K.K.), Health Sciences Research (S.A.P.), and Pathology (J.E.P.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Department of Neuroscience (M.E.M., D.W.D.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL.
authors.forename: Clifford R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Jack
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neurology (M.R.R., B.F.B., D.S.K., R.C.P.), Radiology (G.M.P., J.L.G., M.L.S., P.V., M.C.M., C.R.J., K.K.), Health Sciences Research (S.A.P.), and Pathology (J.E.P.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Department of Neuroscience (M.E.M., D.W.D.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL. kantarci.kejal@mayo.edu.
authors.forename: Kejal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kantarci
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000473:pathology*; D001284:Atrophy / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D001344:Autopsy; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D056784:Leukoencephalopathies / Q000473:pathology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D011180:Postmortem Changes; D011446:Prospective Studies