title: Recruitment of Rural African Americans for Research Projects: Lessons Learned.
abstract: Recruiting rural African Americans for research presents special problems because of cultural differences, the view of researchers as cultural "outsiders", and transportation problems. This paper reports successful strategies in recruiting rural African American adults with type 2 diabetes for research studies. The researchers tested recruitment strategies commonly used in research, such as flyers, advertisements in local newspapers and radio stations. The researchers also encouraged referrals from medical professionals. When recruitment goals were not met, the researchers modified strategies. Twenty-two rural African American participants were recruited and randomly assigned to culturally-tailored Group or Individual Diabetes Self Management Education (DSME). The latter included storytelling and an interactive learning approach. The key recruitment strategies involved spending time in the community, visits to churches, and flyers to key leaders in the Black community. Enrolling rural African Americans required cultural competence, careful planning, and time in the community. Recruiting for clinical research is challenging and more difficult when targeting minority members in rural settings. Research in diabetes care is needed with rural African Americans because of high rates of diabetes, and limited health care access for this population. Effective recruitment and retention strategies are needed to test interventions to reduce health disparities.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of Virginia.
authors.forename: Ishan C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: University of Virginia.
authors.forename: Sharon W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Utz
authors.affiliation: University of Virginia.
authors.forename: Randy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of Virginia.
authors.forename: Ivora
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hinton
authors.affiliation: University of Virginia.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Steeves
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of Virginia.
authors.forename: Gina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Alexander
keywords: African Americans; barriers; recruitment; rural