title: Complications after revision surgery of malreduced ankle fractures.
abstract: Ankle fractures are common orthopedic injuries requiring reduction and cast immobilization or fixation. Fractures fixed in a malreduced (misaligned) position can require revision surgery. However, because this has been a relatively rare occurrence, little is known about the complications that can occur after such surgery. We reviewed all adult closed ankle fractures that underwent revision surgery for technical failure in a regional trauma hospital from January 2007 to January 2010. Those with open fractures and those who required external fixation at any point in their treatment were excluded. Nine patients underwent revision surgery during the study period. Of these 9 patients, 3 (33%) developed a deep infection, all with positive microbiology cultures for methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. Each of these patients underwent removal of the metalwork and wound debridement, followed by plastic surgery free flap coverage. In addition to the 3 infection cases, those with noninfected complications included 1 patient (11%) with chronic regional pain syndrome, 1 (11%) with failure of plate fixation, and 1 (11%) with persistent pain requiring arthroscopy and debridement. The overall incidence of complications was 66.67% in this group of 9 patients who had undergone revision surgery for the treatment of a malreduced malleolar ankle fracture. Although our observational study involved a small subset of patients who had undergone surgical repair for ankle fracture, we suggest that if revision surgery will be undertaken, the high incidence of infection and the potential need for plastic surgery should be highlighted during the consent process before the original, open reduction internal fixation procedure.
authors.affiliation: SpR, Frenchay Hospital, Frenchay, Bristol, United Kingdom. Electronic address: ewan374@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Ewan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bigsby
authors.affiliation: SpR, Frenchay Hospital, Frenchay, Bristol, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cowie
authors.affiliation: SpR, Royal Cornwall Hospital, Treliske, Truro, Cornwall, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Rory G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Middleton
authors.affiliation: SpR, Frenchay Hospital, Frenchay, Bristol, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kemp
authors.affiliation: Consultant, Frenchay Hospital, Frenchay, Bristol, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hepple
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D064386:Ankle Fractures / Q000601:surgery*; D002370:Casts, Surgical; D005260:Female; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017759:Fractures, Malunited / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012086:Reoperation / Q000009:adverse effects; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000209:etiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: fibula; malleolus; misalignment; open reduction-internal fixation; surgery; tibia