title: Prediction of difficulties in laparoscopic cholecystectomy on the base of routinely available parameters in a smaller regional hospital.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Identification of preoperative factors that indicate difficulties in the operation are in the function of primary prevention of intraoperative complications and require selection of an experienced surgical team, planning of operating program and timely provision of information to patients about the increased likelihood of conversion.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Identification of preoperative factors of operative difficulties by analysis of routine clinical parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective cohort study of patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy from February 2005 to December 2009. All patients were operated by the same surgeon. There were 369 operated patients. Conversion was done in 10 patients. Main outcome measures were: duration of stages of laparoscopic cholecystectomy and conversion; identification of predictive parameters; assessment of their predictive value; assessment of the predictive value of individual parameters in respect to the duration of stages of laparoscopic cholecystectomy; correlation of parameter predictive value and duration of laparoscopic cholecystectomy stage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multivariate stepwise linear regression analysis showed that previous history of acute cholecystitis, gallbladder wall thickness ˃ 4 mm, acute cholecystitis to admission, size of calculus > 2 cm, > 5 attacks of pain that lasted longer of 4 hours, diabetes mellitus, duration of symptoms longer then 36 months and pericholecystic fluid collection were significant for prediction of difficulties of laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on clinical, laboratory and ultrasonographic parameters without the use of highly sophisticated diagnostic procedures and increasing medical costs it is possible to predict difficulties in the laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, General Hospital Berane, Montenegro. vesa@t-com.me.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Stanisic
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Milicevic
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kocev
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stojanovic
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vlaovic
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Babic
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vucetic
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003661:Decision Support Techniques; D005260:Female; D042882:Gallstones / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D054548:Montenegro; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D061646:Operative Time; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers