title: High specific activity for anammox bacteria enriched from activated sludge at 10°C.
abstract: Anammox in the water line of a waste water treatment plant (WWTP) saves energy for aeration and allows for recovering biogas from organic material. Main challenges for applying the anammox process in the water line are related to the low temperature of <20°C, causing a significant drop in the specific anammox activity. The aim of this research was to enrich a cold-adapted anammox species, with a high specific activity. This was achieved in a 4.2L reactor operated at 10°C, fed with 61 mg (NH4+NO2)-N/L and inoculated with activated sludge from two selected municipal WWTPs. Candidatus Brocadia fulgida was the dominant species in the enriched biomass, with a specific activity was 30-44 mg N/(g VS d). This is two times higher than previously reported at 10°C, which is beneficial for full scale application. Biomass yield was 0.046 g biomass/g N converted, similar to that at higher temperatures.
authors.affiliation: Sub-department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: tim.hendrickx@wur.nl.
authors.forename: Tim L G
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Hendrickx
authors.affiliation: Sub-department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Christel
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kampman
authors.affiliation: Sub-department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Grietje
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zeeman
authors.affiliation: Sub-department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Hardy
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Temmink
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, IWWR, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ziye
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, IWWR, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Boran
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kartal
authors.affiliation: Sub-department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Cees J N
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Buisman
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000378:metabolism*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018533:Biomass; D019149:Bioreactors; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012722:Sewage / Q000382:microbiology*; D013696:Temperature; D062065:Wastewater; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000641:Ammonia; D012722:Sewage; D062065:Wastewater
keywords: 10°C anammox enrichment; Autotrophic nitrogen removal; Low ammonium concentration; Specific activity; Temperature dependency