title: VEGF promotes osteogenic differentiation of ASCs on ordered fluorapatite surfaces.
abstract: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been reported to mediate both osteogenesis and angiogenesis in bone regeneration. We previously found an upregulation of VEGF in adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) when obvious mineralization occurred on a novel fluorapatite (FA)-coated surfaces. This study investigated the effect of FA and VEGF on the growth, differentiation and mineralization of (ASC) grown on ordered FA surfaces. Cells grown on FA and treated with VEGF demonstrated osteogenic differentiation as measured with ALP staining, and obvious mineralization as measured by Alizarin red staining. A combined stimulating effect of FA and VEGF was seen using both indicators. VEGF signaling pathway perturbation using a specific VEGF receptor inhibitor showed the lowest levels of ALP and Alizarin red staining, which was partially rescued when the cells were grown on FA and/or treated with the addition of VEGF. The osteogenic differentiation of ASCs stimulated by these FA surfaces as well as VEGF has been shown to be mediated through, but probably not only, the VEGF signaling pathway. The enhancement of osteogenic differentiation and mineralization supports the potential use of therapeutic VEGF and FA coatings in bone regeneration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, Dental School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Czajka-Jakubowska
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Clarkson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D000327:Adsorption; D001031:Apatites / Q000737:chemistry*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002460:Cell Line; D006801:Humans; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D013499:Surface Properties; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D001031:Apatites; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C025105:fluorapatite
keywords: differentiation; fluorapatite; mineralization; signaling pathway; vascular endothelial growth factor