title: Multiple Functional Motifs Are Required for the Tumor Suppressor Activity of a Constitutively-Active ErbB4 Mutant.
abstract: ErbB4 (HER4) is a member of the ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases, which includes the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR/ErbB1), ErbB2 (HER2/Neu), and ErbB3 (HER3). Mounting evidence indicates that ErbB4, unlike EGFR or ErbB2, functions as a tumor suppressor in many human malignancies. Previous analyses of the constitutively-dimerized and -active ErbB4 Q646C mutant indicate that ErbB4 kinase activity and phosphorylation of ErbB4 Tyr1056 are both required for the tumor suppressor activity of this mutant in human breast, prostate, and pancreatic cancer cell lines. However, the cytoplasmic region of ErbB4 possesses additional putative functional motifs, and the contributions of these functional motifs to ErbB4 tumor suppressor activity have been largely underexplored. Here we demonstrate that ErbB4 BH3 and LXXLL motifs, which are thought to mediate interactions with Bcl family proteins and steroid hormone receptors, respectively, are required for the tumor suppressor activity of the ErbB4 Q646C mutant. Furthermore, abrogation of the site of ErbB4 cleavage by gamma-secretase also disrupts the tumor suppressor activity of the ErbB4 Q646C mutant. This last result suggests that ErbB4 cleavage and subcellular trafficking of the ErbB4 cytoplasmic domain may be required for the tumor suppressor activity of the ErbB4 Q646C mutant. Indeed, here we demonstrate that mutants that disrupt ErbB4 kinase activity, ErbB4 phosphorylation at Tyr1056, or ErbB4 cleavage by gamma-secretase also disrupt ErbB4 trafficking away from the plasma membrane and to the cytoplasm. This supports a model for ErbB4 function in which ErbB4 tumor suppressor activity is dependent on ErbB4 trafficking away from the plasma membrane and to the cytoplasm, mitochondria, and/or the nucleus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University College of Pharmacy & Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46206 USA.
authors.forename: Richard M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Gallo
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University College of Pharmacy & Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
authors.forename: Ianthe N
authors.initials: IN
authors.lastname: Bryant
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University College of Pharmacy & Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA ; Department of Pharmacal Sciences, Auburn University Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn, AL 36849-5501 USA.
authors.forename: Christopher P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Mill
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University College of Pharmacy & Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaverman
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University College of Pharmacy & Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA ; Department of Pharmacal Sciences, Auburn University Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn, AL 36849-5501 USA.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Riese
keywords: ErbB4/HER4; Protein Trafficking; Signal Transduction; Tumor Suppressor