title: Cell dynamics in Hertwig's epithelial root sheath and surrounding mesenchyme in mice irradiated to the head.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the mechanisms that cause damage to root formation as a result of irradiation to the mouse head, morphological changes in molar dental roots and cell dynamics in Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS), and surrounding mesenchymal tissue were examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  To perform the experiments, 5-day-old C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups: the control group (0 Gy) and irradiated groups (10 and 20 Gy). Micro-CT analysis, HE staining, immunohistochemistry analysis, and TUNEL assay were then performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Roots in irradiated mice were dose-dependently shorter than those of control mice. Cells located outside the root dentin, with abnormal morphology in irradiated mice, were positive for an odontoblast marker. HERS fragmentation occurred earlier in irradiated mice than in control mice, and HERS was trapped by the calcified apical tissue. A dose-dependent reduction in the number of proliferating cells within the apical dental pulp and periapical periodontal ligament surrounding HERS was observed in irradiated mice. Apoptotic cells in the dental pulp and periodontal ligament surrounding HERS were hardly seen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that the early disappearance of HERS and the proliferative suppression of the surrounding mesenchymal cells, which was induced by irradiation, caused dental root malformation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Developmental and Regenerative Dentistry, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ide
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakahara
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nasu
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003804:Dentin / Q000166:cytology / Q000528:radiation effects; D004658:Enamel Organ / Q000166:cytology / Q000528:radiation effects; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000166:cytology* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009804:Odontoblasts / Q000166:cytology; D009805:Odontogenesis / Q000528:radiation effects; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000166:cytology / Q000528:radiation effects; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation; D014074:Tooth Calcification; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000166:cytology* / Q000528:radiation effects*
keywords: Hertwig's epithelial root sheath; childhood leukemia; dental root; irradiation; micro-CT; pediatric stem cell transplantation