title: Evaluation of insulin medium or chondrogenic medium on proliferation and chondrogenesis of ATDC5 cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The ATDC5 cell line is regarded as an excellent cell model for chondrogenesis. In most studies with ATDC5 cells, insulin medium (IM) was used to induce chondrogenesis while chondrogenic medium (CM), which was usually applied in chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), was rarely used for ATDC5 cells. This study was mainly designed to investigate the effect of IM, CM, and growth medium (GM) on chondrogenesis of ATDC5 cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  ATDC5 cells were, respectively, cultured in IM, CM, and GM for a certain time. Then the proliferation and the chondrogenesis progress of cells in these groups were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with CM and GM, IM promoted the proliferation of cells significantly. CM was effective for enhancement of cartilage specific markers, while IM induced the cells to express endochondral ossification related genes. Although GAG deposition per cell in CM group was significantly higher than that in IM and GM groups, the total GAG contents in IM group were the most.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated that CM focused on induction of chondrogenic differentiation while IM was in favor of promoting proliferation and expression of endochondral ossification related genes. Combinational use of these two media would be more beneficial to bone/cartilage repair.
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China ; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou 510006, China.
authors.forename: Yongchang
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-4338-2606
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China ; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou 510006, China.
authors.forename: Zhichen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhai
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China ; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou 510006, China.
authors.forename: Yingjun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D048430:Cell Shape / Q000187:drug effects; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D020219:Chondrogenesis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D003470:Culture Media / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000378:metabolism; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D053782:Transforming Growth Factor beta3 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; D007328:Insulin; D053782:Transforming Growth Factor beta3; D004247:DNA