title: In vitro evaluation of antimicrobial features of sugammadex.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Drugs administered by intravenous routes may be contaminated during several stages of production or preparation. Sugammadex is a modified gamma cyclodextrin. While research into the antibacterial effects of varieties of cyclodextrin is available, there are no studies focusing on the antibacterial effects of sugammadex. This study investigates the in vitro antimicrobial activity of sugammadex.
  
  
  METHODS
  The in vitro antimicrobial activity of sugammadex was investigated using the broth microdilution method. The pH of the test solution was determined using a pH meter. The test microorganisms included Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Enterococcus fecalis ATCC 29212, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. In the second phase of the study 100mg/mL sugammadex (50μg) was contaminated with test microorganisms (50μg), including S. aureus ATCC 29213, E. fecalis ATCC 29212, E. coli ATCC 25922 and P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853, left to incubate for 24h and then the bacterial production in sugammadex was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pH of the test solutions ranged between 7.25 and 6.97. Using the microdilution method, sugammadex had no antibacterial effect on S. aureus, E. fecalis, E. coli and P. aeruginosa at any concentration. In the second phase of the study bacterial production was observed after 24h in 100mg/mL sugammadex contaminated with the test microorganisms S. aureus, E. fecalis, E. coli and P. aeruginosa.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sugammadex had no antimicrobial effect on the test microorganisms, S. aureus, E. fecalis, E. coli and P. aeruginosa. Care should be taken that sterile conditions are maintained in the preparation of sugammadex; that the same sugammadex preparation not be used for more than one patient; and that storage conditions are adhered to after sugammadex is put into the injector.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Medical Faculty of Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey. Electronic address: vhanci@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Volkan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hanci
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Medical Faculty of Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vural
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Microbiology, Çanakkale State Hospital, Çanakkale, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sevgi Yılmaz
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Hanci
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Medical Faculty of Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ali Kiraz
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Medical Faculty of Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey.
authors.forename: Dilek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Omür
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Medical Faculty of Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Unver
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D000077122:Sugammadex; D047408:gamma-Cyclodextrins / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D047408:gamma-Cyclodextrins; D000077122:Sugammadex
keywords: Antimicrobial effect; E. coli; E. fecalis; P. aeruginosa; S. aureus; Sugammadex