title: Seasonal variations in the sources of natural and anthropogenic lead deposited at the East Rongbuk Glacier in the high-altitude Himalayas.
abstract: Lead (Pb) isotopic compositions and concentrations, and barium (Ba) and indium (In) concentrations have been analysed at sub-annual resolution in three sections from a <110 m ice core dated to the 18th and 20th centuries, as well as snow pit samples dated to 2004/2005, recovered from the East Rongbuk Glacier in the high-altitude Himalayas. Ice core sections indicate that atmospheric chemistry prior to ~1,953 was controlled by mineral dust inputs, with no discernible volcanic or anthropogenic contributions. Eighteenth century monsoon ice core chemistry is indicative of dominant contributions from local Himalayan sources; non-monsoon ice core chemistry is linked to contributions from local (Himalayan), regional (Indian/Thar Desert) and long-range (North Africa, Central Asia) sources. Twentieth century monsoon and non-monsoon ice core data demonstrate similar seasonal sources of mineral dust, however with a transition to less-radiogenic isotopic signatures that suggests local and regional climate/environmental change. The snow pit record demonstrates natural and anthropogenic contributions during both seasons, with increased anthropogenic influence during non-monsoon times. Monsoon anthropogenic inputs are most likely sourced to South/South-East Asia and/or India, whereas non-monsoon anthropogenic inputs are most likely sourced to India and Central Asia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Imaging and Applied Physics, Curtin University, GPO Box U 1987, Perth 6845, Western Australia, Australia. Electronic address: L.Nunes@curtin.edu.au.
authors.forename: Laurie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Burn-Nunes
authors.affiliation: Centre for Ice and Climate, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vallelonga
authors.affiliation: Environmental Measurement and Analysis Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Environmental Research Complex, Kyungseo-dong, Seo-gu, Incheon 404-170, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Khanghyun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Ocean Sciences, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Nam-gu, Incheon 402-751, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sungmin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of Imaging and Applied Physics, Curtin University, GPO Box U 1987, Perth 6845, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Graeme
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Burton
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Coast and Island development of Ministry of Education, School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
authors.forename: Shugui
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: Department of the Environment, Australian Antarctic Division, Channel Highway, Kingston 7050, Tasmania, Australia; Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 80, Hobart 7001, Tasmania, Australia.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moy
authors.affiliation: Department of Imaging and Applied Physics, Curtin University, GPO Box U 1987, Perth 6845, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Ross
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.affiliation: Department of Imaging and Applied Physics, Curtin University, GPO Box U 1987, Perth 6845, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Loss
authors.affiliation: Department of Imaging and Applied Physics, Curtin University, GPO Box U 1987, Perth 6845, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rosman
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D000531:Altitude; D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D007053:Ice; D046448:Ice Cover / Q000737:chemistry*; D007194:India; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis*; D012914:Snow / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D004391:Dust; D007053:Ice; D007854:Lead
keywords: Dust; Ice core; Lead isotope; Northern Hemisphere; Pollution; Snow