title: Conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy and lacrimal sinus diversion via sinopsys surgical lacrimal stent: cadaveric proof of concept.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the viability of lacrimal sinus diversion by using a novel Sinopsys Surgical Lacrimal Stent.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two disarticulated cadaveric heads were used in the laboratory. First, bilateral conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomies (CDCR) were performed by using a traditional Pyrex Jones tube and the Sinopsys Surgical Lacrimal Stent. The fluiditics were then evaluated by using contrast agent and fluroscopy. Subsequently, conjunctivoethmoidectomies (CE) and conjunctivomaxillectomies (CM) were performed by using the Sinopsys Surgical Lacrimal Stent, of which the fluiditics were also studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy (CDCR) placement experience of the Jones tube and the Sinopsys Surgical Lacrimal Stent were similar. The CDCR fluiditics as measured by using contrast agent and fluoroscopy were identical with each draining 0.5 mL over 5 to 10 seconds. Placement of the Sinopsys Surgical Lacrimal Stent in the 4 ethmoid (CE) and 4 maxillary (CM) sinuses was similar to the CDCR experience. Fluiditics of lacrimal sinus diversion were similar to CDCR with drainage of 0.5 mL over 5 seconds.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Sinopsys Surgical Lacrimal Stent has flow characteristics that are similar to a Pyrex Jones tube. Drainage in the nose via a CDCR procedure is similar to drainage in the ethmoid and maxillary sinuses via a CE and CM, respectively.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Ophthalmology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York; †Colorado Head & Neck Specialists, Denver, Colorado; ‡Department of Radiology, Banner MD Anderson Cancer Center, Arizona; and §Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado, Colorado, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Mithra
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Oliver
authors.forename: Donald
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schomer
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Willoughby
mesh_terms: D002102:Cadaver; D003228:Conjunctiva / Q000601:surgery*; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003608:Dacryocystorhinostomy / Q000379:methods; D004322:Drainage; D005005:Ethmoid Sinus / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D006801:Humans; D007440:Intubation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008297:Male; D008443:Maxillary Sinus / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015607:Stents; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media