title: A comparative genomic analysis of the alkalitolerant soil bacterium Bacillus lehensis G1.
abstract: Bacillus lehensis G1 is a Gram-positive, moderately alkalitolerant bacterium isolated from soil samples. B. lehensis produces cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase), an enzyme that has enabled the extensive use of cyclodextrin in foodstuffs, chemicals, and pharmaceuticals. The genome sequence of B. lehensis G1 consists of a single circular 3.99 Mb chromosome containing 4017 protein-coding sequences (CDSs), of which 2818 (70.15%) have assigned biological roles, 936 (23.30%) have conserved domains with unknown functions, and 263 (6.55%) have no match with any protein database. Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 was established as the closest relative to B. lehensis G1 based on gene content similarity and 16S rRNA phylogenetic analysis. A total of 2820 proteins from B. lehensis G1 were found to have orthologues in B. clausii, including sodium-proton antiporters, transport proteins, and proteins involved in ATP synthesis. A comparative analysis of these proteins and those in B. clausii and other alkaliphilic Bacillus species was carried out to investigate their contributions towards the alkalitolerance of the microorganism. The similarities and differences in alkalitolerance-related genes among alkalitolerant/alkaliphilic Bacillus species highlight the complex mechanism of pH homeostasis. The B. lehensis G1 genome was also mined for proteins and enzymes with potential viability for industrial and commercial purposes.
authors.affiliation: Malaysia Genome Institute, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Jalan Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Yusuf Muhammad
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Noor
authors.affiliation: School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Nurul Hidayah
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Samsulrizal
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Noor Azah
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Jema'on
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Kheng Oon
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Low
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Aizi Nor Mazila
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Ramli
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Noor Izawati
authors.initials: NI
authors.lastname: Alias
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Siti Intan Rosdianah
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Damis
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Siti Fatimah Zaharah Mohd
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Fuzi
authors.affiliation: Malaysia Genome Institute, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Jalan Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mohd Noor Mat
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Isa
authors.affiliation: School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Abdul Munir Abdul
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Murad
authors.affiliation: School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mohd Firdaus Mohd
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Raih
authors.affiliation: School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Farah Diba Abu
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Bakar
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Nazalan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Najimudin
authors.affiliation: Malaysia Genome Institute, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Jalan Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Nor Muhammad
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Mahadi
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia. Electronic address: r-rosli@utm.my.
authors.forename: Rosli Md
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Illias
mesh_terms: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000220:Adaptation, Biological / Q000235:genetics; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D017920:Antiporters / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001407:Bacillus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D001482:Base Composition; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D059646:Genome Size; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D023281:Genomics; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012988:Soil Microbiology
chemical_list: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D017920:Antiporters; D012987:Soil; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV
keywords: Alkaliphile; Alkalitolerant; Bacillus lehensis; Biotechnological potential; Whole-genome sequencing