title: An advanced microencapsulated system: a platform for optimized oral delivery of antidiabetic drug-bile acid formulations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In previous studies, we have shown that a gliclazide-cholic acid derivative (G-CA) mixture resulted in an enhanced ileal permeation of G (ex vivo). When administered orally to diabetic rats, it brought about a significant hypoglycaemic effect. In this study, we aim to create a novel microencapsulated-formulation of G-CA with uniform and coherent structure that can be further tested in our rat model of type 1 diabetes (T1D). We also aim to examine the effect of CA addition to G microcapsules in the morphology, structure and excipients' compatibility of the newly designed microcapsules.
  
  
  METHODS
  Microencapsulation was carried out using our Buchi-based microencapsulating system developed in our laboratory. Using sodium alginate (SA) polymer, both formulations were prepared: G-SA (control) and G-CA-SA (test) at a constant ratio (1:3:30), respectively. Complete characterizations of microcapsules were carried out.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The new G-CA-SA formulation is further optimized by the addition of CA exhibiting pseudoplastic-thixotropic rheological characteristics. Bead size remains similar after CA addition, the new microcapsules show no chemical interactions between the excipients and this was supported further by the spectral studies suggesting bead stability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The new microencapsulated-formulation has good and uniform structural properties and may be suitable for oral delivery of antidiabetic-bile acid formulations.
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy , CHIRI Biosciences Research Precinct .
authors.forename: Armin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mooranian
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Negrulj
authors.forename: Sangeetha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mathavan
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sciarretta
authors.forename: Nigel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chen-Tan
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Mukkur
authors.forename: Momir
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mikov
authors.forename: Mladena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lalic-Popovic
authors.forename: Maja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stojancevic
authors.forename: Svetlana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Golocorbin-Kon
authors.forename: Hani
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Al-Salami
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D002214:Capsules; D019826:Cholic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000188:drug therapy; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry*; D004339:Drug Compounding / Q000379:methods; D005079:Excipients / Q000737:chemistry; D005907:Gliclazide / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D002214:Capsules; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005079:Excipients; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D019826:Cholic Acid; D005907:Gliclazide
keywords: Artificial-cell microencapsulation; bile acids; diabetes; gliclazide