title: Comparative study on the antioxidant and anti-Toxoplasma activities of vanillin and its resorcinarene derivative.
abstract: A resorcinarene derivative of vanillin, resvan, was synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic techniques. We measured the cytotoxicity (in vivo and in vitro), antioxidant and anti-Toxoplasma activities of vanillin and the resorcinarene compound. Here we show that vanillin has a dose-dependent behavior with IC50 of 645 µg/mL through an in vitro cytotoxicity assay. However, we could not observe any cytotoxic response at higher concentrations of resvan (IC50 > 2,000 µg/mL). The in vivo acute toxicity assays of vanillin and resvan exhibited a significant safety margin indicated by a lack of systemic and behavioral toxicity up to 300 mg/kg during the first 30 min, 24 h or 14 days after administration. The obtained derivative showed greater antioxidative activity (84.9%) when comparing to vanillin (19.4%) at 1,000 μg/mL. In addition, vanillin presents anti-Toxoplasma activity, while resvan does not show that feature. Our findings suggest that this particular derivative has an efficient antioxidant activity and a negligible cytotoxic effect, making it a potential target for further biological investigations.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Malaria and Toxoplasmosis Biology/LABMAT, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Salgado Filho, s/n, Lagoa Nova, Natal/RN, CEP 59000-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Claudio B S
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Memory Studies Laboratory, Physiology Department, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Salgado Filho, s/n, Lagoa Nova, Natal/RN, CEP 59000-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ywlliane S R
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Meurer
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Malaria and Toxoplasmosis Biology/LABMAT, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Salgado Filho, s/n, Lagoa Nova, Natal/RN, CEP 59000-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marianne G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry and Polymers, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Salgado Filho, s/n, Lagoa Nova, Natal/RN, CEP 59000-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Wendy M T Q
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Medeiros
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry and Polymers, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Salgado Filho, s/n, Lagoa Nova, Natal/RN, CEP 59000-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Francisco O N
authors.initials: FO
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry and Polymers, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Salgado Filho, s/n, Lagoa Nova, Natal/RN, CEP 59000-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana C F
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Brito
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry and Polymers, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Salgado Filho, s/n, Lagoa Nova, Natal/RN, CEP 59000-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniel de L
authors.initials: Dde L
authors.lastname: Pontes
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Malaria and Toxoplasmosis Biology/LABMAT, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Salgado Filho, s/n, Lagoa Nova, Natal/RN, CEP 59000-000, Brazil. aneto@cb.ufrn.br.
authors.forename: Valter F
authors.initials: VF
authors.lastname: Andrade-Neto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001547:Benzaldehydes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D047250:Calixarenes / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D010649:Phenylalanine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D014122:Toxoplasma / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D014123:Toxoplasmosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001547:Benzaldehydes; D010936:Plant Extracts; C466160:resorcinarene; D047250:Calixarenes; D010649:Phenylalanine; C100058:vanillin