title: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in Parkinson's disease: ECS and dopamine enhancement.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In addition to its effects in major psychiatric illness, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is known to have a beneficial effect on the core motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). This effect is believed to be mediated via dopamine in the striatum. Electroconvulsive shock (ECS), the animal analogue of ECT, is the model in which investigators have sought to elucidate the specific dopaminergic mechanisms by which ECT exerts its therapeutic effect in PD. Electroconvulsive shock has been given to intact animals as well as to animals with neurotoxic lesions that create parkinsonism.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this paper, we selectively review the electroconvulsive shock literature on dopamine in the striatum.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Electroconvulsive shock, and by extension, ECT, is associated with increased dopamine release and modulation of dopamine receptors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Better understanding of how ECT works to enhance dopaminergic systems in the brain could help to make it a more accepted treatment for PD.
authors.affiliation: From the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Samantha K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Cumper
authors.forename: Gabriella M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Ahle
authors.forename: Lauren S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Liebman
authors.forename: Charles H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kellner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D004565:Electroconvulsive Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D004597:Electroshock / Q000379:methods*; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D004298:Dopamine