title: Thyroid hormones regulate skeletal muscle regeneration after acute injury.
abstract: We evaluated the effects of hypo- and hyperthyroid statuses during the initial phase of skeletal muscle regeneration in rats. To induce hypo- or hyperthyroidism, adult male Wistar rats were treated with methimazole (0.03%) or T4 (10 μg/100 g), respectively, for 10 days. Three days before sacrifice, a crush injury was produced in the solear muscles of one half of the animals, while the other half remained intact. T3, T4, TSH, and leptin serum levels were not affected by the injury. Serum T3 and T4 levels were significantly increased in hyperthyroid and hyper-injury animals. Hypothyroidism was confirmed by the significant increase in serum TSH levels in hypothyroid and hypo-injury animals. Injury increased cell infiltration and macrophage accumulation especially in hyperthyroid animals. Both type 2 and type 3 deiodinases were induced by lesion, and the opposite occurred with the type 1 isoform, at least in the control and hyperthyroid groups. Injury increased both MyoD and myogenin expression in all the studied groups, but only MyoD expression was increased by thyroidal status only at the protein level. We conclude that thyroid hormones modulate skeletal muscle regeneration possibly by regulating the inflammatory process, as well as MyoD and myogenin expression in the injured tissue.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris Rosenthal, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CCS, bloco G, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, 21949-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Anna Lúcia R C
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Leal
authors.forename: João Paulo C
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Albuquerque
authors.forename: Marina S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Matos
authors.forename: Rodrigo S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Fortunato
authors.forename: Denise P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: Doris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rosenthal
authors.forename: Vânia Maria Corrêa
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: da Costa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006980:Hyperthyroidism / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology; D007037:Hypothyroidism / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000293:injuries* / Q000502:physiology*; D017570:MyoD Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012038:Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000502:physiology*; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000097:blood; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D017570:MyoD Protein; D013963:Thyroid Hormones; D014284:Triiodothyronine; D013974:Thyroxine