title: Management of bone metastases in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer.
abstract: Bone metastases are a very common problem in prostate cancer. They are associated with considerable morbidity, adversely affect quality of life and frequently lead to advanced bone events (so-called skeletal-related events, SREs); SREs include fractures, spinal cord compression and the requirement for bone surgery or bone radiation. The aim of this paper was to evaluate currently available treatment options in the prevention and management of SREs and bone metastases in men with castration-resistant prostate cancer and to outline the importance of interdisciplinary management strategies. It also discusses the diagnostic workup of osseous metastases and practical considerations for the utilization of bone-targeted therapies in accordance with current guidelines to provide a consensus for special and/or difficult clinical situations.
authors.affiliation: Division of Oncology and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Graubünden, Chur, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cathomas
authors.forename: Zoltan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bajory
authors.forename: Mounira
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bouzid
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: El Ghoneimy
authors.forename: Silke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gillessen
authors.forename: Frederico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Goncalves
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kacso
authors.forename: Gero
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Milecki
authors.forename: Dalibor
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pacik
authors.forename: Wahid
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tantawy
authors.forename: Krzystof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lesniewski-Kmak
mesh_terms: D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / Q000627:therapeutic use; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000473:pathology*; D000069448:Denosumab; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D033183:Interdisciplinary Communication; D008297:Male; D008495:Medical Oncology / Q000592:standards; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D064129:Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant / Q000473:pathology*; D011788:Quality of Life; D013117:Spinal Cord Compression; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D000077211:Zoledronic Acid
chemical_list: D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D004164:Diphosphonates; D007093:Imidazoles; D000069448:Denosumab; D000077211:Zoledronic Acid