title: Pathways of Pb and Mn observed in a 5-year longitudinal investigation in young children and environmental measures from an urban setting.
abstract: We monitored 108 children ≤5 years on a 6-month basis for up to 5 years in a major urban setting. Samples (n ∼ 7000) included blood, urine, handwipes (interior, and after exterior playing), 6-day duplicate diet, drinking water, interior house and day care dust-fall accumulation using petri dishes, exterior dust-fall accumulation, exterior dust sweepings, paint, soil and urban air. The geometric mean blood Pb (PbB) was 2.1 μg/dL and blood Mn (MnB) was 10.0 μg/L. Following a path modelling approach, mixed model analyses for a fully adjusted model showed the strongest associations for PbB were with interior house dust and soil; for MnB there were no significant associations with any predictors. Predictor variables only explained 9% of the variance for Pb and 0.7% for Mn. Relationships between environmental measures and PbB in children are not straightforward; soil and dust sweepings contribute only about 1/5th of the amounts to PbB found in other studies.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of the Environment, Macquarie University, Faculty of Science, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Earth Science and Resource Engineering, Sydney, Australia. Electronic address: brian.gulson@mq.edu.au.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gulson
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of the Environment, Macquarie University, Faculty of Science, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mizon
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.affiliation: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Earth Science and Resource Engineering, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Korsch
authors.affiliation: US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
authors.forename: J Michael
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.affiliation: National Measurement Institute, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Honway
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Louie
authors.affiliation: National Measurement Institute, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Earth Science and Resource Engineering, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gomez
authors.affiliation: National Measurement Institute, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Luminita
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Antin
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D002947:Cities; D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006798:Housing; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008345:Manganese / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D010150:Paint / Q000032:analysis; D012621:Seasons
chemical_list: D004391:Dust; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D007854:Lead; D008345:Manganese
keywords: Blood; Children; Diet; Dust; Handwipes; Mn; Pathways; Pb; Soil