title: Young adulthood obesity and risk of acute coronary syndromes, stable angina pectoris, and congestive heart failure: a 36-year cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association between young adulthood obesity and long-term risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD) and nonischemic congestive heart failure (CHF).
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a population-based cohort study of 12,850 male conscripts whose fitness for military service was examined by Draft Boards in Northern Denmark. Outcomes were obtained from the Danish National Patient Registry, covering all Danish hospitals since 1977. Follow-up began on the 22nd birthday of each subject and continued until occurrence of an outcome, emigration, death, or on December 31, 2012, whichever came first. We used Cox regression to compute hazard ratios (HRs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 36-year risk was 7.3% for IHD and 0.8% for CHF without pre-existing IHD among men of normal weight and 11.1% and 4.0% among obese men, respectively. Comparing obese men with men of normal weight, the adjusted HR was 1.63 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.98-2.73) for IHD overall, 2.86 (95% CI, 1.56-5.25) for myocardial infarction, 5.52 (95% CI, 2.38-12.82) for unstable angina, 1.29 (95% CI, 0.69-2.41) for stable angina, and 6.68 (95% CI, 2.85-15.66) for CHF without pre-existing IHD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Young adulthood obesity was an important risk factor for IHD but also for CHF without pre-existing IHD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark. Electronic address: morten.schmidt@dce.au.dk.
authors.forename: Morten
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark.
authors.forename: Hans Erik
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Bøtker
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: Henrik Toft
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Sørensen
mesh_terms: D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000209:etiology*; D000328:Adult; D060050:Angina, Stable / Q000209:etiology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003718:Denmark; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications*; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012042:Registries; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Angina pectoris; Body mass index; Heart failure; Myocardial infarction; Obesity