title: Immediate provisionalization of dental implants placed in healed alveolar ridges and extraction sockets: a 5-year prospective evaluation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This 5-year prospective multicenter study compared implant survival and success, peri-implant health and soft tissue responses, crestal bone level stability, and complication rates following immediate loading of single OsseoSpeed implants placed in anterior maxillary healed ridges or extraction sockets.
  
  
  METHODS
  Individuals requiring anterior tooth replacement with single implants were treated and immediately provisionalized. Definitive all-ceramic crowns were placed at 12 weeks. Implant survival, bone levels, soft tissue levels, and peri-implant health were monitored for 5 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred thirteen patients received implants in fresh sockets (55) and healed ridges (58). After 5 years, 45 and 49 patients remained for evaluation, respectively. During the first year, three implants failed in the extraction socket group (94.6% survival) and one implant failed in the healed ridge group (98.3% survival); this difference was not significant. No further implant failures were recorded. After 5 years, the interproximal crestal bone levels were located a mean of 0.43 ± 0.63 mm and 0.38 ± 0.62 mm from the reference points of implants in sockets and healed ridges (not a significant difference). In both groups, papillae increased over time and peri-implant mucosal zenith positions were stable from the time of definitive crown placement in sockets and healed ridges. Compared to flap surgery for implants in healed ridges, flapless surgery resulted in increased peri-implant mucosal tissue dimension (average, 0.78 ± 1.34 mm vs 0.19 ± 0.79 mm).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After 5 years, the bone and soft tissue parameters that characterize implant success and contribute to dental implant esthetics were similar following the immediate provisionalization of implants in sockets and healed ridges. The overall tissue responses and reported implant survival support the immediate provisionalization of dental implants in situations involving healed ridges and, under ideal circumstances, extraction sockets.
authors.forename: Lyndon F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: Glenn J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Reside
authors.forename: Filiep
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Raes
authors.forename: Joan Soliva
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Garriga
authors.forename: Luis Giner
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Tarrida
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wiltfang
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kern
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: De Bruyn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000601:surgery*; D003442:Crowns; D019250:Dental Implants, Single-Tooth; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004955:Esthetics, Dental; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D057893:Immediate Dental Implant Loading; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014081:Tooth Extraction; D020390:Tooth Socket / Q000601:surgery*