title: In vitro evaluation of antimicrobial activity of the freshwater sponge Ochridaspongia rotunda (Arndt, 1937).
abstract: The antimicrobial activity of five crude extracts (aqueous, methanol, ethyl acetate, acetone and methylene chloride) of the freshwater sponge Ochridaspongia rotunda (Arndt, 1937) was evaluated in vitro by using microdilution method against eight bacterial and eight fungal strains for the first time. The extracts were proven to be active in varying degrees against all the bacteria and fungi tested. O. rotunda methanol extract exhibited the highest antibacterial activity (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 7.5-15.0 μg/mL and minimum bactericidal concentration 15-30 μg/mL), while its acetone extract exhibited the most promising antifungal activity (MIC 7.5-45.0 μg/mL and minimum fungicidal concentration 15-60 μg/mL). The extracts were more effective against the bacteria and fungi screened compared with the positive controls (streptomycin and ampicillin for bacteria and bifonazole and ketoconazole for fungi, respectively). According to the experimental data obtained, this deepwater sponge species may be considered as a gold mine of new antimicrobial substances with significant and broad-range activity.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Life Sciences , Institute for Multidisciplinary Research - IMSI, University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia.
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pejin
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Talevski
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ciric
authors.forename: Jasmina
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Glamoclija
authors.forename: Milos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nikolic
authors.forename: Trajce
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Talevski
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sokovic
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D005618:Fresh Water; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D011161:Porifera / Q000737:chemistry*; D013307:Streptomycin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013307:Streptomycin
keywords: Ohrid; Porifera; bacteria; endemic species; extracts; fungi