title: Lower limb access.
abstract: Lower limb vascular access is used as an access site in patients in whom all upper limb possibilities for arteriovenous access creation are exhausted or with bilateral upper limb central vein occlusions. Autologous arteriovenous fistulae (AVF) using the greater saphenous vein have disappointing results apart from the isolated success. Autologous AVF using the femoral vein transposition have good results both in terms of long-term patency and are associated with a 10-fold reduction in infection risk compared with arteriovenous grafts (AVGs). However, a femoral vein transposition is a major undertaking and is associated with an increased risk of ischaemic complications. It is not a good option for patients with established peripheral arterial disease, but may be a good alternative for the younger patient with a high infection risk. The type of lower-extremity vascular access should be carefully tailored to the individual patient.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham - UK.
authors.forename: Teun
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wilmink
mesh_terms: D001166:Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D005268:Femoral Vein / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000098:blood supply*; D018579:Patient Selection; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012501:Saphenous Vein / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014654:Vascular Patency