title: Arabidopsis thaliana peroxidases involved in lignin biosynthesis: in silico promoter analysis and hormonal regulation.
abstract: Phytohormones such as auxins, cytokinins, and brassinosteroids, act by means of a signaling cascade of transcription factors of the families NAC, MYB, AP2 (APETALA2), MADS and class III HD (homeodomain) Zip, regulating secondary growth. When the hormonal regulation of Zinnia elegans peroxidase (ZePrx), an enzyme involved in lignin biosynthesis, was studied, it was found that this peroxidase is sensitive to a plethora of hormones which control xylem lignification. In a previous study we sought Arabidopsis thaliana homologues to ZePrx. Peroxidases 4, 52, 49 and 72 are the four peroxidases that fulfill the restrictive conditions that a peroxidase involved in lignification must have. In the present study, we focus our attention on hormonal regulation in order to establish the minimal structural and regulatory elements contained in the promoter region which an AtPrx involved in lignification must have. The results indicate that of the four peroxidases selected in our previous study, the one most likely to be homologous to ZePrx is AtPrx52. The results suggest that hormones such as auxins, cytokinins and BRs directly regulate AtPrx52, and that the AtPrx52 promoter may be the target of the set of transcription factors (NAC, MYB, AP2 and class I and III HD Zip) which are up-regulated by these hormones during secondary growth. In addition, the AtPrx52 promoter contains multiple copies of all the putative cis-elements (the ACGT box, the OCS box, the OPAQ box, the L1BX, the MYCL box and the W box) known to confer regulation by NO and H2O2.
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcalá, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: joaquin.herrero@uah.es.
authors.forename: Joaquín
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Herrero
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biology, Complutense University, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: aecarrasco@bio.ucm.es.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Esteban Carrasco
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcalá, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: josem.zapata@uah.es.
authors.forename: José Miguel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Zapata
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D008031:Lignin / Q000378:metabolism*; D010544:Peroxidases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D008031:Lignin; D010544:Peroxidases
keywords: Arabidopsis; AtPrx; Lignification; Peroxidase; Promoter; ZePrx; Zinnia elegans