title: Tumor vasculature targeted photodynamic therapy for enhanced delivery of nanoparticles.
abstract: Delivery of nanoparticle drugs to tumors relies heavily on the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. While many consider the effect to be equally effective on all tumors, it varies drastically among the tumors' origins, stages, and organs, owing much to differences in vessel leakiness. Suboptimal EPR effect represents a major problem in the translation of nanomedicine to the clinic. In the present study, we introduce a photodynamic therapy (PDT)-based EPR enhancement technology. The method uses RGD-modified ferritin (RFRT) as "smart" carriers that site-specifically deliver (1)O2 to the tumor endothelium. The photodynamic stimulus can cause permeabilized tumor vessels that facilitate extravasation of nanoparticles at the sites. The method has proven to be safe, selective, and effective. Increased tumor uptake was observed with a wide range of nanoparticles by as much as 20.08-fold. It is expected that the methodology can find wide applications in the area of nanomedicine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University, of Georgia , Athens, Georgia 30602, United States.
authors.forename: Zipeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhen
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Yen-Jun
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.forename: Trever
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Todd
authors.forename: Weizhong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Lianchun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhengwei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Xiaoyuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xie
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D005293:Ferritins / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D050997:Nanomedicine / Q000379:methods; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000737:chemistry; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry; D010539:Permeability; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D045663:Quantum Dots
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D009842:Oligopeptides; C506643:liposomal doxorubicin; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; C047981:arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid; D004317:Doxorubicin; D005293:Ferritins; D010100:Oxygen