title: Nitrogen bisphosphonate-induced orbital inflammatory disease: gamma delta T cells--a report and review of 2 cases.
abstract: With the increased use of nitrogen bisphosphonate therapy for osteoporosis, multiple myeloma, metastatic prostate carcinoma, and Paget disease, it is now recognized that orbital inflammation is a potential sequelae of treatment. To date, 15 isolated cases of orbital inflammation exist in the literature with additional 2 cases reported herein. While the precise triggering mechanism for orbital inflammation is not definitively understood, it appears that a regulatory response from gamma delta T cells is the most likely causative factor. Nitrogen bisphosphonates are a causative agent of orbital inflammatory disease. These case reports adhered to the principles of Helsinki and the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Ophthalmology, North Shore Long Island Jewish Eye Center, Great Neck, New York; †Hofstra North Shore Long Island Jewish School of Medicine, Hempstead, New York; ‡Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York; and §Neuro-Ophthalmology Division, Neurological Surgery, Lake Success, New York, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Monisha M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Vora
authors.forename: I Rand
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Rodgers
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uretsky
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008875:Middle Aged; D016727:Orbital Pseudotumor / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000188:drug therapy; D016692:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta / Q000378:metabolism*; D000077211:Zoledronic Acid
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D004164:Diphosphonates; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D007093:Imidazoles; D016692:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta; D000077211:Zoledronic Acid; D003907:Dexamethasone