title: Effect of Toona microcarpa Harms leaf extract on the coagulation system.
abstract: Toona microcarpa Harms is a tonic, antiperiodic, antirheumatic, and antithrombotic agent in China and India and an astringent and tonic for treating diarrhea, dysentery, and other intestinal infections in Indonesia. In this study, we prepared ethyl-acetate extract from the air-dried leaves of Toona microcarpa Harms and investigated the anticoagulant activities in vitro by performing activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), and thrombin time (TT) assays. Antiplatelet aggregation activity of the extract was examined using adenosine diphosphate (ADP), collagen, and thrombin as agonists, and the inhibitions of factor Xa and thrombin were also investigated. Bleeding and clotting times in mice were used to determine its anticoagulant activities in vivo. It is found that Toona microcarpa Harms leaf extract (TMHE) prolonged APTT, PT, and TT clotting times in a dose-dependent manner and significantly inhibited platelet aggregation induced by thrombin, but not ADP or collagen. Clotting time and bleeding time assays showed that TMHE significantly prolonged clotting and bleeding times in vivo. In addition, at the concentration of 1 mg/mL, TMHE inhibited human thrombin activity by 73.98 ± 2.78%. This is the first report to demonstrate that THME exhibits potent anticoagulant effects, possibly via inhibition of thrombin activity.
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China ; Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China ; Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming 650201, China.
authors.forename: Yi-Fen
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
authors.forename: Yong-Qing
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming 650201, China.
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming 650201, China.
authors.forename: Jia-Ping
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming 650201, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
authors.forename: Ji-Fu
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6412-3251
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Wei
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000494:pharmacology; D001760:Bleeding Time; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D015951:Factor Xa / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D029582:Meliaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D010314:Partial Thromboplastin Time; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D011517:Prothrombin Time; D011817:Rabbits; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D015951:Factor Xa