title: The nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation is required for phagocytosis of staphylococcus aureus by RAW 264.7 cells.
abstract: Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) is a ubiquitous transcription factor which controls the expression of various genes involved in immune responses. However, it is not clear whether NF-κB activation is critical for phagocytosis when Staphylococcus aureus is the pathogen. Using oligonucleotide microarrays, we investigated whether NF-κB cascade genes are altered in a mouse leukemic monocyte macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7) when the cells were stimulated to activate a host innate immune response against live S. aureus or heat-inactivated S. aureus (HISA). NF-κB cascade genes such as Nfκb1, Nfκbiz, Nfκbie, Rel, Traf1 and Tnfaip3 were up-regulated by all treatments at one hour after incubation. NF-κB play an important role in activating phagocytosis in RAW 264.7 cells infected with S. aureus. Inhibition of NF-κB significantly blocked phagocytosis of fluorescently labeled S. aureus and decreased the expression of NFκB1, IL1α, IL1β and TLR2 in this cell line. Our results demonstrate that S. aureus may activate the NF-κB pathway and that NF-κB activation is required for phagocytosis of S. aureus by macrophages.
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China. Electronic address: zhufei@zju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
authors.forename: Wanfu
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
authors.forename: Yongxia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000502:physiology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016328:NF-kappa B; D012333:RNA, Messenger
keywords: NF-κB; Phagocytosis; RAW 264.7 cells; Staphylococcus aureus