title: Racial/ethnic socialization and identity development in Black families: the role of parent and youth reports.
abstract: Racial/ethnic (R/E) socialization is widely practiced in R/E minority families. However, only recently have models been developed to understand how parents' R/E socialization messages influence adolescent development. The primary goal of the present study was to clarify and extend existing work on R/E socialization in African American (Black) families by distinguishing between parent and youth reports of parents' R/E socialization messages and examining the extent to which adolescents and their parents agree about these socialization messages. In addition, we tested a theoretical model in which parent-reported R/E socialization messages have an indirect effect on the development of youth R/E identity through youth reports of their parents' R/E socialization messages. Using a combination of open- and close-ended data from a longitudinal study of self-identified Black adolescents and their parents, we found statistically significant parent-youth agreement about whether parents send both general R/E socialization messages and, for daughters, specific R/E socialization messages. R/E socialization messages focused on promoting cultural pride and history were associated positively with R/E identity development, whereas messages focused on preparing youth for discrimination tended to be unrelated to R/E identity development. The results largely supported the hypothesis that parent reports of parents' R/E socialization messages are related indirectly to the development of adolescent R/E identity via youth reports of parents' R/E socialization messages.
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Group Dynamics, University of Michigan.
authors.forename: Stephen C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Peck
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Group Dynamics, University of Michigan.
authors.forename: Amanda B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Brodish
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Group Dynamics, University of Michigan.
authors.forename: Oksana
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Malanchuk
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Group Dynamics, University of Michigan.
authors.forename: Meeta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Banerjee
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Group Dynamics, University of Michigan.
authors.forename: Jacquelynne S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Eccles
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology*; D003469:Culture; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012933:Social Identification; D012951:Socialization; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors