title: Beneficial effects of hydrogen gas on porcine liver reperfusion injury with use of total vascular exclusion and active venous bypass.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Liver ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a high risk factor in liver transplantation and it influences graft survival. One of the major events during I/R injury is the generation of cytotoxic oxygen radicals. Recently, hydrogen gas has been reported to have antioxidant properties and protective effects against organ dysfunction induced by I/R injury. The aim of this study is to investigate effects of hydrogen on porcine liver reperfusion injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six outbred pigs weighing 20 kg were used for the experiment. Under general anesthesia, the venous bypass between the left femoral vein and the splenic vein to the left jugular vein was made using a centrifugal pump. Then, we used a total vascular exclusion clamp (all in- and out-flow to the liver was clamped) for 60 minutes. Hydrogen (5 ppm) saturated with lactate Ringer's solution was prepared. This solution was infused through the portal vein just before reperfusion (hydrogen group).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Aspartate aminotransferase levels in the control versus hydrogen group in 30, 60, and 120 minutes after reperfusion were 1560.3, 1925.3, and 2342.5 versus 175.3, 200.7, and 661.00 IU/L, respectively. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in the control versus hydrogen groups in 30, 60, and 120 minutes after reperfusion were 23,235.0, 3496.7, and 4793.5 versus 663.3, 802.0, and 983.7 IU/L, respectively. The hydrogen gas level in liver tissue increased to 954.6 ppm immediately after reperfusion; however, it disappeared within 30 minutes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The solution containing hydrogen gas was safe and had remarkably protective effects on the porcine during liver I/R and may be applied in the clinical setting.
authors.affiliation: Division of Advanced Medicine, Clinical Research Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: mtnnot@yahoo.co.jp.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Matsuno
authors.affiliation: Division of Advanced Medicine, Clinical Research Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: Division of Advanced Medicine, Clinical Research Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.affiliation: Division of Advanced Medicine, Clinical Research Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iwata
authors.affiliation: Division of Advanced Medicine, Clinical Research Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujiyama
authors.affiliation: Division of Advanced Medicine, Clinical Research Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kono
authors.affiliation: Division of Advanced Medicine, Clinical Research Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shigeta
authors.affiliation: Division of Advanced Medicine, Clinical Research Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Enosawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005740:Gases; D006859:Hydrogen / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007552:Isotonic Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000601:surgery; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011169:Portal Vein; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000077325:Ringer's Lactate; D034421:Sus scrofa; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D005740:Gases; D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D000077325:Ringer's Lactate; D006859:Hydrogen; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases