title: Chemical composition, antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective potential of Rourea induta Planch. (Connaraceae) against CCl4-induced liver injury in female rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the flavonoid content of an ethanolic leaf extract from the medicinal plant Rourea induta Planch. (RIEE) and to investigate its hepatoprotective potential and in vivo antioxidant effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using samples from carbon tetrachloride-treated Wistar female rats treated orally with or without RIEE, we evaluated the aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and total bilirubin levels in plasma; the levels of the hepatic oxidative stress markers catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and reduced glutathione in liver homogenates; and the thiobarbituric acid reactive substance levels. A histopathology study was performed. A quantitative analysis of the RIEE extract was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography to evaluate its flavonoid content.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Oral administration of RIEE significantly reduced carbon tetrachloride-induced elevations in the levels of plasma markers of hepatic damage and lipid peroxidation. It also rescued histopathologic alterations observed in the liver and levels of oxidative stress markers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RIEE exhibits antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities in vivo, which may be attributable to its flavonoids composition [hyperin (2), quercetin-3-O-β-xyloside (4), quercetin-3-O-α-arabinofuranoside (5), and quercetin (6)].
authors.affiliation: Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Institut de Chimie de Substances Naturelles, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
authors.forename: Milena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kalegari
authors.affiliation: Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos Alberto Bruel
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Gemin
authors.affiliation: Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento e Inovação Tecnológica de Medicamentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Rua Gal. Cordeiro de Farias, Natal, RN, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Araújo-Silva
authors.affiliation: Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Rua Gal. Cordeiro de Farias, Natal, RN, Brazil.
authors.forename: Naira Josele Neves de
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Brito
authors.affiliation: Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Industrial, Universidade Tiradentes/Instituto de Tecnologia e Pesquisa, Aracaju, SE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jorge A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: López
authors.affiliation: Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Rua Cajueiro, Santo Antônio de Jesus, BA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sibele de Oliveira
authors.initials: Sde O
authors.lastname: Tozetto
authors.affiliation: Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento e Inovação Tecnológica de Medicamentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Rua Gal. Cordeiro de Farias, Natal, RN, Brazil; Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Rua Gal. Cordeiro de Farias, Natal, RN, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria das Graças
authors.initials: Md
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.affiliation: Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marilis Dallarmi
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Miguel
authors.affiliation: Institut de Chimie de Substances Naturelles, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France. Electronic address: didier.stien@cnrs.fr.
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stien
authors.affiliation: Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Obdulio Gomes
authors.initials: OG
authors.lastname: Miguel
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D001663:Bilirubin / Q000097:blood; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride / Q000633:toxicity*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000188:drug therapy*; D031961:Connaraceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005419:Flavonoids; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D005978:Glutathione; D001663:Bilirubin
keywords: Antioxidant; Carbon tetrachloride; Flavonoids; Food supplement; Hepatoprotection; Rourea induta