title: A region of euchromatin coincides with an extensive tandem repeat on the mouse (Mus musculus) inactive X chromosome.
abstract: Euchromatic features are largely absent from the human inactive X chromosome (Xi), with the exception of several large tandem repeats that can be detected as euchromatin bands at metaphase. Despite residing megabases apart, these tandem repeats make frequent inactive X-specific interactions. The mouse homologue has been reported for at least one of the tandem repeats, but whether the mouse Xi is also characterized by distinct bands of euchromatin remains unknown. We examined the mouse Xi for the presence of euchromatin bands by examining the pattern of histone H3 dimethylated at lysine 4 and detected two major signals. The first band resides in the subtelomeric region of band XF5 and may correspond to the pseudoautosomal region. The second band localizes to XE3 and coincides with an extensive complex repeat composed of a large tandem and inverted repeat segment as well as several large short interspersed nuclear element (SINE)-rich tandem repeats. Fluorescence in situ hybridization reveals that sequences with homology to the repeat region are scattered along the length of the Y chromosome. Immunofluorescence analysis of histone H3 trimethylated at lysine 9 on metaphase chromosomes indicates that the repeat region corresponds to a band of constitutive heterochromatin on the male X and female active X chromosomes, whereas the euchromatin signal appears to be female specific. These data suggest that the band of euchromatin observed at XE3 is unique to the mouse Xi, comparable to the chromatin arrangement of several large tandem repeats located on the human X chromosome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, 319 Stadium Drive, King 3076, Tallahassee, FL, 32306-4295, USA, emd07@my.fsu.edu.
authors.forename: Emily M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Darrow
authors.forename: Andrew P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Seberg
authors.forename: Sunny
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: Debbie M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Figueroa
authors.forename: Zhuo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Shawn C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Moseley
authors.forename: Brian P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Chadwick
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D033481:Chromosomes, Mammalian / Q000235:genetics*; D022041:Euchromatin / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006570:Heterochromatin; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008239:Lysine / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008745:Methylation; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D020086:Short Interspersed Nucleotide Elements / Q000235:genetics; D013045:Species Specificity; D020080:Tandem Repeat Sequences / Q000235:genetics*; D014960:X Chromosome / Q000235:genetics*; D049951:X Chromosome Inactivation / Q000235:genetics*; D014998:Y Chromosome / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D022041:Euchromatin; D006570:Heterochromatin; D006657:Histones; D008239:Lysine