title: Three dimensional (3D) modelling and surgical planning in trauma and orthopaedics.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Three dimensional (3D) modelling facilitates visualization, manipulation, and analysis of image data, the three dimensional format of such image, allows a better appreciation of the geometry, size, and exact relationship between diseased and normal tissue. The role in orthopaedic surgical planning is highlighted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgical procedures in orthopaedics and trauma rely on imaging, which in addition to making the diagnosis also assist in planning the elected surgical procedure through to a successful execution. In the area of trauma management, the use of 3D modelling eases the execution of fracture operative approach, reduction and appropriate fixation, especially in complex fractures, like in the acetabulum. Post trauma correction of deformities is made easier using 3D modelling in the preoperative surgical planning. For the purposes of tumour excision, a more acceptable margin of excision can be planned and successfully implemented. There is an increasing role for computer assisted procedures in arthroplasty, the use of a 3D image for preoperative planning promises to deliver patient specific bone cut in dimensions that will allow less of inappropriate loading thereby promoting longevity of the implant especially in younger patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The processes for acquiring 3D images need to be made simpler and easier to gain more widespread use in orthopaedics and trauma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Croydon University Hospital, 530 London Road, CR7 7YE, UK. Electronic address: patfad2003@yahoo.co.uk.
authors.forename: Patrick Eniola
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Fadero
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Croydon University Hospital, 530 London Road, CR7 7YE, UK. Electronic address: shahmahir1@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mahir
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shah
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D011300:Preoperative Care; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000601:surgery
keywords: 3D; Surgical planning; Three dimensional