title: Fatty and lean red meat consumption in China: differential association with Chinese abdominal obesity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined the longitudinal association between red meat (RM) consumption and the risk of abdominal obesity in Chinese adults.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our data are from 16,822 adults aged 18-75 in the China Health and Nutrition Survey from 1993 to 2011. We assessed RM intake with three 24-h dietary recalls. We defined abdominal obesity as a waist circumference (WC) ≥85 centimeters (cm) for men and ≥80 cm for women. Multilevel mixed-effect regression models showed that men experienced WC increases of 0.74 cm (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.39-1.09) from a higher total intake of fresh RM and 0.59 cm (95% CI: 0.24-0. 95) from a higher intake of fatty fresh RM but 0.14 cm (95% CI: -0.39 to 0.66) from a higher intake of lean fresh RM in the top quartile versus non-consumers when adjusted for potential confounders. In contrast, after additional adjustment for baseline WC, the odds ratios of abdominal obesity in men were attenuated for total fresh RM (1.25 [95% CI: 1.06-1.47]) and fatty fresh RM (1.22 [95% CI: 1.03-1.44]) but were still not affected by lean fresh RM (0.95 [95% CI: 0.75-1.22]). Women also showed a positive association of fatty fresh RM intake with abdominal obesity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Greater intake of fatty fresh RM was significantly associated with higher WC (men only) and abdominal obesity risk in Chinese adults. The gender-specific differential association of fatty versus lean fresh RM warrants further study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA; National Institute for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhai
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA. Electronic address: popkin@unc.edu.
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Popkin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002681:China; D004032:Diet; D004041:Dietary Fats; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D016015:Logistic Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat; D008875:Middle Aged; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D055105:Waist Circumference; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats
keywords: Abdominal obesity; Chinese; Fatty fresh red meat; Waist circumference