title: The TNFSF15 gene single nucleotide polymorphism rs7848647 is associated with surgical diverticulitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if single nuclear polymorphisms (SNPs) in the TFNSF15 gene play a role in patients requiring surgery for diverticulitis.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  A role for a genetic predisposition in diverticulitis is suggested by its association with hereditary connective tissue disorders, youthful onset in some patients, and the observation of families with multiple affected individuals. The TNFSF15 gene has been associated with other inflammatory diseases affecting the colon such as medically refractory ulcerative colitis (UC), aggressive Crohn's disease (CD), and pouchitis after restorative proctocolectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the discovery phase of this study, 21 sporadic surgical diverticulitis (SD) patients (9 female, mean age = 52 ± 5) and 5 individuals from a single family with surgically managed diverticulitis [familial diverticulitis (FD), 4 female, mean age = 51.1 ± 7] were studied. SD patients were age and sex matched with 3 separate groups of healthy, CD and UC control patients. All patients were genotyped for 5 known TNFSF15-associated SNPs. The SNP discovered to be associated with diverticulitis (rs7848647) was then confirmed in a separate test group composed of 34 additional patients (20 female, mean age 57.7 ± 2) who also underwent surgical treatment for diverticulitis. These patients were age matched to a new control cohort of patients having no history of diverticulitis (26 female). Patients were genotyped using a TaqMan assay. In the discovery phase, logistical regression on matched subjects was performed to determine an association of TNFSF SNP with diverticulitis versus the control groups. In the test phase, significance for the rs7848647 SNP was assessed by the Fischer's exact test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the discovery phase, the TNFSF15 SNP rs7848647 was significantly associated with SD (p = 0.0003) versus all control groups studied. The risk allele for this SNP (G substituted for A) was found in all SD patients. The homozygous GG allele was found in 62% (13/21) of SD patients versus only 5% (1/21) of healthy controls (p = 0.001) and 24% (10/42) of all UC + CD controls (p = 0.002). All 5 members of the FD cohort were homozygous for the at-risk "G" allele. In the test group, the homozygous GG genotype was found in 56% of SD patients compared with 17% of healthy controls (p = 0.006). Risk of SD seemed to increase with number of the G alleles with 8% of SD patients having AA homozygosity, 35% of SD patients having AG heterozygosity, and 56% of SD patients having GG homozygosity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The SNP rs7848647 associated with the TNFSF15 gene is associated with surgical diverticulitis. This finding suggests a fundamental role for TNFSF15, a T-cell receptor gene involved in T-cell maturation, in the pathophysiology of diverticulitis requiring surgery. This SNP may be a marker of diverticular disease severity that might assist in surgical decision making.
authors.affiliation: *Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery and †Department of Biostatistics, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA.
authors.forename: Tara M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Connelly
authors.forename: Arthur S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Hegarty
authors.forename: Sue
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Deiling
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Brinton
authors.forename: Lisa S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Poritz
authors.forename: Walter A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Koltun
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000483:Alleles; D003082:Colectomy / Q000379:methods*; D003108:Colonic Diseases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000601:surgery; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics*; D004238:Diverticulitis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010375:Pedigree; D010641:Phenotype; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D053380:Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 15 / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C117026:TNFSF15 protein, human; D053380:Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 15; D004247:DNA