title: Association between lung function and metabolic syndrome independent of insulin in Japanese men and women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined the cross-sectional association between lung function and metabolic syndrome (MetS), independent of fasting immunoreactive insulin (F-IRI).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 3,072 middle-aged, apparently healthy subjects who participated in a general health check-up were included. Lung function, which was expressed as forced vital capacity (%FVC predicted) or forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1% predicted) was examined. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between lung function and MetS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Men with the lowest quartile of FVC% predicted, or those with the lowest quartile of FEV1% predicted, had a 3.5-fold or 2.6-fold increased risk of MetS, respectively, compared with those with the highest quartile of FVC% predicted or FEV1% predicted. F-IRI had a positive, significant, and independent association with MetS in both sexes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Impaired lung function increased the risk of MetS, independent of F-IRI and smoking in men, but not in women.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yayoi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oya
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakagami
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Uchigata
keywords: cardiovascular risk factor; forced expiratory volume in one second; forced vital capacity; insulin resistance; metabolic syndrome