title: Endoscopic versus microscopic approach to type 1 tympanoplasty in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the outcomes of the endoscopic versus microscopic approach to type 1 tympanoplasty in pediatric patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this retrospective study, the outcomes of 61 ears of 60 pediatric patients (33 male and 27 female) who underwent type 1 tympanoplasty were evaluated. One patient underwent a bilateral operation. The age range of the patients was 7-16 years. Group 1 underwent tympanoplasty with an endoscopic technique (n=32), and Group 2 underwent tympanoplasty with the conventional microscopic technique (n=29). A boomerang-shaped chondroperichondrial graft was used in both groups. The outcomes were analyzed in terms of the hearing gain, duration of surgery, and graft success rate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In both groups, the postoperative air-bone gap (ABG) was significantly lower than the preoperative ABG. There were no significant differences between the preoperative and postoperative ABG values (in dB) in either group. The mean operative duration in Group 1 was significantly lower than that in Group 2 (51.37 vs. 67.03 min, respectively). In the preoperative evaluation, 65.6% of patients in Group 1 had larger perforations and 34.4% had smaller perforations. In Group 2, 58.6% and 41.3% of patients had larger and smaller perforations, respectively. Perforations were detected in two (6.25%), four (12.50%), and four (12.50%) of the patients in Group 1 at postoperative months 1, 6, and 12, respectively. Perforations were detected in two (5.71%) patients in Group 2 at postoperative months 1, 6, and 12. At 12 months postoperatively, there were smaller perforations in four (12.5%) of the children in Group 1 and in two (5.71%) of the children in Group 2. The difference between the perforation conditions (larger vs. smaller) was not significant in either group. The preoperative and postoperative increases in the ABG were associated. The operative duration was shorter in Group 1 than in Group 2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In pediatric patients undergoing type 1 tympanoplasty, especially if the external ear canal is narrow and the anterior canal wall is prominent, the endoscopic and microscopic approaches appear to give equal results in terms of easy visualization of the entire tympanic membrane and no requirement for extra intervention to evaluate the ossicular system. A shorter operative duration is an advantage of the endoscopic tympanoplasty technique.
authors.affiliation: Kızıltepe State Hospital, ENT Department, Mardin, Turkey.
authors.forename: Rıza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dündar
authors.affiliation: Mardin State Hospital, ENT Department, Mardin, Turkey.
authors.forename: Erkan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kulduk
authors.affiliation: Mardin State Hospital, ENT Department, Mardin, Turkey.
authors.forename: Fatih Kemal
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Soy
authors.affiliation: Mardin State Hospital, ENT Department, Mardin, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aslan
authors.affiliation: Liv Hospital, ENT Department, İstanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Deniz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hanci
authors.affiliation: Kırıkkale University, Faculty of Medicine, ENT Department, Kırıkkale, Turkey. Electronic address: nbayarmuluk@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Nuray Bayar
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Muluk
authors.affiliation: Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Faculty of Medicine, ENT Department, Eskisehir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Cemal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cingi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008853:Microscopy; D061646:Operative Time; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D018058:Tympanic Membrane Perforation / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D014433:Tympanoplasty / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Children; Endoscopic tympanoplasty; Microscopic tympanoplasty; Operative duration