title: Lipid-based carriers for pulmonary products: preclinical development and case studies in humans.
abstract: A number of lipid-based technologies have been applied to pharmaceuticals to modify their drug release characteristics, and additionally, to improve the drug loading for poorly soluble drugs. These technologies, including solid-state lipid microparticles, many of which are porous in nature, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers, are increasingly being developed for inhalation applications. This article provides a review of the rationale for the use of these technologies in the pulmonary delivery of drugs, and summarizes the manufacturing processes and their limitations, the in vitro and in vivo performance of these systems, the safety of these lipid-based systems in the lung, and their promise for commercialization.
authors.affiliation: Aradigm Corporation, 3929 Point Eden Way, Hayward, CA 94545, USA. Electronic address: cipollad@aradigm.com.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cipolla
authors.affiliation: Shire Corporation, 725 Chesterbrook Blvd, Wayne, PA 19087, USA.
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shekunov
authors.affiliation: Aradigm Corporation, 3929 Point Eden Way, Hayward, CA 94545, USA.
authors.forename: Jim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Blanchard
authors.affiliation: RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA. Electronic address: ahickey@rti.org.
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hickey
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000818:Animals; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry*; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D008055:Lipids
keywords: Lipid microparticles; Liposomes; Nanostructured lipid carriers; Pulmonary delivery; Solid lipid nanoparticles