title: Prediction of responders for outcome measures of locomotor Experience Applied Post Stroke trial.
abstract: The Locomotor Experience Applied Post Stroke rehabilitation trial found equivalent walking outcomes for body weight-supported treadmill plus overground walking practice versus home-based exercise that did not emphasize walking. From this large database, we examined several clinically important questions that provide insights into recovery of walking that may affect future trial designs. Using logistic regression analyses, we examined predictors of response based on a variety of walking speed-related outcomes and measures that captured disability, physical impairment, and quality of life. The most robust predictor was being closer at baseline to the primary outcome measure, which was the functional walking speed thresholds of 0.4 m/s (household walking) and 0.8 m/s (community walking). Regardless of baseline walking speed, a younger age and higher Berg Balance Scale score were relative predictors of responding, whether operationally defined by transitioning beyond each speed boundary or by a continuous change or a greater than median increase in walking speed. Of note, the cutoff values of 0.4 and 0.8 m/s had no particular significance compared with other walking speed changes despite their general use as descriptors of functional levels of walking. No evidence was found for any difference in predictors based on treatment group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, 710 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095. bdobkin@mednet.ucla.edu.
authors.forename: Bruce H K
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Dobkin
authors.forename: Stephen E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Nadeau
authors.forename: Andrea L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Behrman
authors.forename: Samuel S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Dorian K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bowden
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Studenski
authors.forename: Xiaomin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Pamela W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Duncan
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D060731:Emergency Responders / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005080:Exercise Test; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D004856:Postural Balance; D011788:Quality of Life; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D020127:Recovery of Function; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D016138:Walking
keywords: LEAPS; community ambulation; exercise; functional walking level; gait speed; outcome measures; physical 
  therapy; quality of life; stroke rehabilitation; walking