title: Serum amyloid P: a systemic regulator of the innate immune response.
abstract: The pentraxin SAP reduces neutrophil adhesion to ECM proteins, inhibits the differentiation of monocytes into fibrocytes, attenuates profibrotic macrophages, activates the complement pathway, and promotes phagocytosis of cell debris. Together, these effects of SAP regulate key aspects of inflammation and set a threshold for immune cell activation. Here, we present a review of SAP biology with an emphasis on SAP receptor interactions and how the effect of SAP on monocytes and macrophages has been explored to develop this protein as a therapeutic for renal and lung injuries. We also discuss how there remain many unanswered questions about the role of SAP in innate immunity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA ncox@bio.tamu.edu.
authors.forename: Nehemiah
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Darrell
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pilling
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Richard H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Gomer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000502:physiology*; D056747:Immunomodulation; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D000683:Serum Amyloid P-Component / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000683:Serum Amyloid P-Component
keywords: Fcγ receptors; fibrocyte differentiation; fibrosis; macrophage polarization; neutrophil adhesion; phagocytosis