title: The relationship of major American dietary patterns to age-related macular degeneration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We hypothesized that major American dietary patterns are associated with risk for age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  We classified 8103 eyes in 4088 eligible participants in the baseline Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS). They were classified into control (n = 2739), early AMD (n = 4599), and advanced AMD (n = 765) by the AREDS AMD Classification System. Food consumption data were collected by using a 90-item food frequency questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two major dietary patterns were identified by factor (principal component) analysis based on 37 food groups and named Oriental and Western patterns. The Oriental pattern was characterized by higher intake of vegetables, legumes, fruit, whole grains, tomatoes, and seafood. The Western pattern was characterized by higher intake of red meat, processed meat, high-fat dairy products, French fries, refined grains, and eggs. We ranked our participants according to how closely their diets line up with the 2 patterns by calculating the 2 factor scores for each participant. For early AMD, multivariate-adjusted odds ratio (OR) from generalized estimating equation logistic analysis comparing the highest to lowest quintile of the Oriental pattern score was ORE5O = 0.74 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.59-0.91; Ptrend =0.01), and the OR comparing the highest to lowest quintile of the Western pattern score was ORE5W = 1.56 (1.18-2.06; Ptrend = 0.01). For advanced AMD, the ORA5O was 0.38 (0.27-0.54; Ptrend < 0.0001), and the ORA5W was 3.70 (2.31-5.92; Ptrend < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data indicate that overall diet is significantly associated with the odds of AMD and that dietary management as an AMD prevention strategy warrants further study.
authors.affiliation: Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts. Electronic address: CJ.Chiu@tufts.edu.
authors.forename: Chung-Jung
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.affiliation: Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Min-Lee
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Fang Fang
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Tricia
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Age-Related Eye Disease Study Coordinating Center, The EMMES Corporation, Rockville, Maryland.
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gensler
authors.affiliation: Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Molly
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schleicher
authors.affiliation: Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Allen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Taylor
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D015930:Diet Records; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit; D057092:Geographic Atrophy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008518:Medicine, East Asian Traditional; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States; D014675:Vegetables; D019366:Western World; D057135:Wet Macular Degeneration / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D004043:Dietary Fiber; D004044:Dietary Proteins