title: Effect of the ratio of zinc amino acid complex to zinc sulfate on the performance of Holstein cows.
abstract: Multiparous (n=70) and primiparous (n=66) Holstein cows were balanced by 305-d previous mature-equivalent milk yield and parity and assigned to 1 of 3 dietary treatments to evaluate the ratio of zinc sulfate to zinc amino acid complex (CZ) in pre- and postpartum Holstein cows fed diets containing 75 mg of added zinc/kg. Treatments were (1) 75 mg of supplemental zinc/kg of dry matter (DM) provided entirely as zinc sulfate (0-CZ); (2) 0-CZ diet, except 33.3 mg of zinc sulfate/kg of DM in the prepartum and 15.5mg of zinc sulfate/kg of DM in the postpartum diet were replaced by CZ from Availa-Zn (16-CZ; Zinpro Corp., Eden Prairie MN); and (3) 0-CZ diet, except 66.6 mg of zinc sulfate/kg of DM in the prepartum and 40.0 mg of zinc sulfate/kg of DM in the postpartum diet was replaced by Availa-Zn (40-CZ). Cows were housed at the Iowa State University Dairy Farm and were individually offered a total mixed ration containing dietary treatments beginning at 28 ± 15 d before expected calving date until 250 d in milk. Relative to 0-CZ, multiparous cows (but not primiparous) fed CZ (16-CZ or 40-CZ) had increased (20%) colostrum IgG concentrations. Prepartum DM intake (DMI) was decreased with CZ supplementation. Postpartum DMI was decreased in cows fed CZ, whereas milk yield (MY) was increased in the 40-CZ-fed cows relative to those fed both 0-CZ and 16-CZ. Feed efficiency increased linearly when measured as MY/DMI, 3.5% fat-corrected MY/DMI, and solids-corrected MY/DMI. Regardless of level, feeding CZ decreased services per conception. Feeding 16-CZ decreased milk fat concentration and feeding CZ linearly increased milk urea nitrogen concentration. In summary, supplementing zinc as a mixture of CZ and zinc sulfate, as opposed to supplementing only zinc sulfate, has beneficial effects on production parameters in dairy cows, with those benefits becoming more apparent as the ratio of CZ to zinc sulfate increases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nayeri
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011.
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Upah
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011; Department of Animal Science, Uludağ University, 16059 Bursa, Turkey.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sucu
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011.
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Sanz-Fernandez
authors.affiliation: Zinpro Corporation, Eden Prairie, MN 55344.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: DeFrain
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames 50011.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Gorden
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011. Electronic address: baumgard@iastate.edu.
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Baumgard
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000502:physiology*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D007774:Lactation / Q000187:drug effects; D008892:Milk / Q000378:metabolism*; D010298:Parity; D049590:Postpartum Period; D011247:Pregnancy; D015032:Zinc / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019287:Zinc Sulfate / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D019287:Zinc Sulfate; D015032:Zinc
keywords: lactation; production efficiency; somatic cell; zinc