title: Lower motor neuron disease with respiratory failure caused by a novel MAPT mutation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the molecular defect underlying a large Italian kindred with progressive adult-onset respiratory failure, proximal weakness of the upper limbs, and evidence of lower motor neuron degeneration.
  
  
  METHODS
  We describe the clinical features of 5 patients presenting with prominent respiratory insufficiency, proximal weakness of the upper limbs, and no signs of frontotemporal lobar degeneration or semantic dementia. Molecular analysis was performed combining linkage and exome sequencing analyses. Further investigations included transcript analysis and immunocytochemical and protein studies on established cell models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Genome-wide linkage analysis showed an association with chromosome 17q21. Exome analysis disclosed a missense change in MAPT segregating dominantly with the disease and resulting in D348G-mutated tau protein. Motor neuron cell lines overexpressing mutated D348G tau isoforms displayed a consistent reduction in neurite length and arborization. The mutation does not seem to modify tau interactions with microtubules. Neuropathologic studies were performed in one affected subject, which exhibited α-motoneuron loss and atrophy of the spinal anterior horns with accumulation of phosphorylated tau within the surviving motor neurons. Staining for 3R- and 4R-tau revealed pathology similar to that observed in familial cases harboring MAPT mutations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study broadens the phenotype of tauopathies to include lower motor neuron disease and implicate tau degradation pathway defects in motor neuron degeneration.
authors.affiliation: From the Dino Ferrari Center (A.D.F., D.R., I.T., M.R., A.B., F.F., S.S., S.C., N.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (F.G., E.N.-O.), 2nd Neurology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan; Division of Pathology (F.M.C., S.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan; Departments of Molecular Medicine (A.V., E.D.M., O.Z.), Industrial and Information Engineering (R.B.), and Public Health, Neuroscience, Experimental and Forensic Medicine (M.C.), University of Pavia; Departments of Neurological Emergency (I.L., G. Micieli, O.Z.) and General Neurology (I.R., M.C.), IRCCS C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy; Mitochondrial Research Group (E.F.), Clinical and Molecular Genetics Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK; and Department of Neurorehabilitation (G. Mora), IRCCS Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Di Fonzo
authors.affiliation: From the Dino Ferrari Center (A.D.F., D.R., I.T., M.R., A.B., F.F., S.S., S.C., N.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (F.G., E.N.-O.), 2nd Neurology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan; Division of Pathology (F.M.C., S.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan; Departments of Molecular Medicine (A.V., E.D.M., O.Z.), Industrial and Information Engineering (R.B.), and Public Health, Neuroscience, Experimental and Forensic Medicine (M.C.), University of Pavia; Departments of Neurological Emergency (I.L., G. Micieli, O.Z.) and General Neurology (I.R., M.C.), IRCCS C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy; Mitochondrial Research Group (E.F.), Clinical and Molecular Genetics Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK; and Department of Neurorehabilitation (G. Mora), IRCCS Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Dario
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ronchi
authors.affiliation: From the Dino Ferrari Center (A.D.F., D.R., I.T., M.R., A.B., F.F., S.S., S.C., N.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (F.G., E.N.-O.), 2nd Neurology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan; Division of Pathology (F.M.C., S.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan; Departments of Molecular Medicine (A.V., E.D.M., O.Z.), Industrial and Information Engineering (R.B.), and Public Health, Neuroscience, Experimental and Forensic Medicine (M.C.), University of Pavia; Departments of Neurological Emergency (I.L., G. Micieli, O.Z.) and General Neurology (I.R., M.C.), IRCCS C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy; Mitochondrial Research Group (E.F.), Clinical and Molecular Genetics Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK; and Department of Neurorehabilitation (G. Mora), IRCCS Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gallia
authors.affiliation: From the Dino Ferrari Center (A.D.F., D.R., I.T., M.R., A.B., F.F., S.S., S.C., N.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (F.G., E.N.-O.), 2nd Neurology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan; Division of Pathology (F.M.C., S.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan; Departments of Molecular Medicine (A.V., E.D.M., O.Z.), Industrial and Information Engineering (R.B.), and Public Health, Neuroscience, Experimental and Forensic Medicine (M.C.), University of Pavia; Departments of Neurological Emergency (I.L., G. Micieli, O.Z.) and General Neurology (I.R., M.C.), IRCCS C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy; Mitochondrial Research Group (E.F.), Clinical and Molecular Genetics Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK; and Department of Neurorehabilitation (G. Mora), IRCCS Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Fulvia Milena
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Cribiù
authors.affiliation: From the Dino Ferrari Center (A.D.F., D.R., I.T., M.R., A.B., F.F., S.S., S.C., N.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (F.G., E.N.-O.), 2nd Neurology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan; Division of Pathology (F.M.C., S.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan; Departments of Molecular Medicine (A.V., E.D.M., O.Z.), Industrial and Information Engineering (R.B.), and Public Health, Neuroscience, Experimental and Forensic Medicine (M.C.), University of Pavia; Departments of Neurological Emergency (I.L., G. Micieli, O.Z.) and General Neurology (I.R., M.C.), IRCCS C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy; Mitochondrial Research Group (E.F.), Clinical and Molecular Genetics Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK; and Department of Neurorehabilitation (G. Mora), IRCCS Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Ilaria
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Trezzi
authors.affiliation: From the Dino Ferrari Center (A.D.F., D.R., I.T., M.R., A.B., F.F., S.S., S.C., N.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (F.G., E.N.-O.), 2nd Neurology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan; Division of Pathology (F.M.C., S.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan; Departments of Molecular Medicine (A.V., E.D.M., O.Z.), Industrial and Information Engineering (R.B.), and Public Health, Neuroscience, Experimental and Forensic Medicine (M.C.), University of Pavia; Departments of Neurological Emergency (I.L., G. Micieli, O.Z.) and General Neurology (I.R., M.C.), IRCCS C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy; Mitochondrial Research Group (E.F.), Clinical and Molecular Genetics Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK; and Department of Neurorehabilitation (G. Mora), IRCCS Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Annalisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vetro
authors.affiliation: From the Dino Ferrari Center (A.D.F., D.R., I.T., M.R., A.B., F.F., S.S., S.C., N.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (F.G., E.N.-O.), 2nd Neurology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan; Division of Pathology (F.M.C., S.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan; Departments of Molecular Medicine (A.V., E.D.M., O.Z.), Industrial and Information Engineering (R.B.), and Public Health, Neuroscience, Experimental and Forensic Medicine (M.C.), University of Pavia; Departments of Neurological Emergency (I.L., G. Micieli, O.Z.) and General Neurology (I.R., M.C.), IRCCS C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy; Mitochondrial Research Group (E.F.), Clinical and Molecular Genetics Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK; and Department of Neurorehabilitation (G. Mora), IRCCS Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Della Mina
authors.affiliation: From the Dino Ferrari Center (A.D.F., D.R., I.T., M.R., A.B., F.F., S.S., S.C., N.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (F.G., E.N.-O.), 2nd Neurology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan; Division of Pathology (F.M.C., S.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan; Departments of Molecular Medicine (A.V., E.D.M., O.Z.), Industrial and Information Engineering (R.B.), and Public Health, Neuroscience, Experimental and Forensic Medicine (M.C.), University of Pavia; Departments of Neurological Emergency (I.L., G. Micieli, O.Z.) and General Neurology (I.R., M.C.), IRCCS C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy; Mitochondrial Research Group (E.F.), Clinical and Molecular Genetics Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK; and Department of Neurorehabilitation (G. Mora), IRCCS Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Limongelli
authors.affiliation: From the Dino Ferrari Center (A.D.F., D.R., I.T., M.R., A.B., F.F., S.S., S.C., N.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (F.G., E.N.-O.), 2nd Neurology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan; Division of Pathology (F.M.C., S.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan; Departments of Molecular Medicine (A.V., E.D.M., O.Z.), Industrial and Information Engineering (R.B.), and Public Health, Neuroscience, Experimental and Forensic Medicine (M.C.), University of Pavia; Departments of Neurological Emergency (I.L., G. Micieli, O.Z.) and General Neurology (I.R., M.C.), IRCCS C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy; Mitochondrial Research Group (E.F.), Clinical and Molecular Genetics Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK; and Department of Neurorehabilitation (G. Mora), IRCCS Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bellazzi
authors.affiliation: From the Dino Ferrari Center (A.D.F., D.R., I.T., M.R., A.B., F.F., S.S., S.C., N.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (F.G., E.N.-O.), 2nd Neurology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan; Division of Pathology (F.M.C., S.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan; Departments of Molecular Medicine (A.V., E.D.M., O.Z.), Industrial and Information Engineering (R.B.), and Public Health, Neuroscience, Experimental and Forensic Medicine (M.C.), University of Pavia; Departments of Neurological Emergency (I.L., G. Micieli, O.Z.) and General Neurology (I.R., M.C.), IRCCS C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy; Mitochondrial Research Group (E.F.), Clinical and Molecular Genetics Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK; and Department of Neurorehabilitation (G. Mora), IRCCS Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Ivana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ricca
authors.affiliation: From the Dino Ferrari Center (A.D.F., D.R., I.T., M.R., A.B., F.F., S.S., S.C., N.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (F.G., E.N.-O.), 2nd Neurology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan; Division of Pathology (F.M.C., S.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan; Departments of Molecular Medicine (A.V., E.D.M., O.Z.), Industrial and Information Engineering (R.B.), and Public Health, Neuroscience, Experimental and Forensic Medicine (M.C.), University of Pavia; Departments of Neurological Emergency (I.L., G. Micieli, O.Z.) and General Neurology (I.R., M.C.), IRCCS C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy; Mitochondrial Research Group (E.F.), Clinical and Molecular Genetics Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK; and Department of Neurorehabilitation (G. Mora), IRCCS Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Micieli
authors.affiliation: From the Dino Ferrari Center (A.D.F., D.R., I.T., M.R., A.B., F.F., S.S., S.C., N.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (F.G., E.N.-O.), 2nd Neurology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan; Division of Pathology (F.M.C., S.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan; Departments of Molecular Medicine (A.V., E.D.M., O.Z.), Industrial and Information Engineering (R.B.), and Public Health, Neuroscience, Experimental and Forensic Medicine (M.C.), University of Pavia; Departments of Neurological Emergency (I.L., G. Micieli, O.Z.) and General Neurology (I.R., M.C.), IRCCS C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy; Mitochondrial Research Group (E.F.), Clinical and Molecular Genetics Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK; and Department of Neurorehabilitation (G. Mora), IRCCS Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fassone
authors.affiliation: From the Dino Ferrari Center (A.D.F., D.R., I.T., M.R., A.B., F.F., S.S., S.C., N.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (F.G., E.N.-O.), 2nd Neurology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan; Division of Pathology (F.M.C., S.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan; Departments of Molecular Medicine (A.V., E.D.M., O.Z.), Industrial and Information Engineering (R.B.), and Public Health, Neuroscience, Experimental and Forensic Medicine (M.C.), University of Pavia; Departments of Neurological Emergency (I.L., G. Micieli, O.Z.) and General Neurology (I.R., M.C.), IRCCS C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy; Mitochondrial Research Group (E.F.), Clinical and Molecular Genetics Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK; and Department of Neurorehabilitation (G. Mora), IRCCS Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Mafalda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rizzuti
authors.affiliation: From the Dino Ferrari Center (A.D.F., D.R., I.T., M.R., A.B., F.F., S.S., S.C., N.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (F.G., E.N.-O.), 2nd Neurology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan; Division of Pathology (F.M.C., S.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan; Departments of Molecular Medicine (A.V., E.D.M., O.Z.), Industrial and Information Engineering (R.B.), and Public Health, Neuroscience, Experimental and Forensic Medicine (M.C.), University of Pavia; Departments of Neurological Emergency (I.L., G. Micieli, O.Z.) and General Neurology (I.R., M.C.), IRCCS C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy; Mitochondrial Research Group (E.F.), Clinical and Molecular Genetics Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK; and Department of Neurorehabilitation (G. Mora), IRCCS Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Andreina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bordoni
authors.affiliation: From the Dino Ferrari Center (A.D.F., D.R., I.T., M.R., A.B., F.F., S.S., S.C., N.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (F.G., E.N.-O.), 2nd Neurology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan; Division of Pathology (F.M.C., S.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan; Departments of Molecular Medicine (A.V., E.D.M., O.Z.), Industrial and Information Engineering (R.B.), and Public Health, Neuroscience, Experimental and Forensic Medicine (M.C.), University of Pavia; Departments of Neurological Emergency (I.L., G. Micieli, O.Z.) and General Neurology (I.R., M.C.), IRCCS C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy; Mitochondrial Research Group (E.F.), Clinical and Molecular Genetics Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK; and Department of Neurorehabilitation (G. Mora), IRCCS Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fortunato
authors.affiliation: From the Dino Ferrari Center (A.D.F., D.R., I.T., M.R., A.B., F.F., S.S., S.C., N.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (F.G., E.N.-O.), 2nd Neurology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan; Division of Pathology (F.M.C., S.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan; Departments of Molecular Medicine (A.V., E.D.M., O.Z.), Industrial and Information Engineering (R.B.), and Public Health, Neuroscience, Experimental and Forensic Medicine (M.C.), University of Pavia; Departments of Neurological Emergency (I.L., G. Micieli, O.Z.) and General Neurology (I.R., M.C.), IRCCS C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy; Mitochondrial Research Group (E.F.), Clinical and Molecular Genetics Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK; and Department of Neurorehabilitation (G. Mora), IRCCS Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Salani
authors.affiliation: From the Dino Ferrari Center (A.D.F., D.R., I.T., M.R., A.B., F.F., S.S., S.C., N.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (F.G., E.N.-O.), 2nd Neurology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan; Division of Pathology (F.M.C., S.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan; Departments of Molecular Medicine (A.V., E.D.M., O.Z.), Industrial and Information Engineering (R.B.), and Public Health, Neuroscience, Experimental and Forensic Medicine (M.C.), University of Pavia; Departments of Neurological Emergency (I.L., G. Micieli, O.Z.) and General Neurology (I.R., M.C.), IRCCS C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy; Mitochondrial Research Group (E.F.), Clinical and Molecular Genetics Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK; and Department of Neurorehabilitation (G. Mora), IRCCS Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mora
authors.affiliation: From the Dino Ferrari Center (A.D.F., D.R., I.T., M.R., A.B., F.F., S.S., S.C., N.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (F.G., E.N.-O.), 2nd Neurology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan; Division of Pathology (F.M.C., S.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan; Departments of Molecular Medicine (A.V., E.D.M., O.Z.), Industrial and Information Engineering (R.B.), and Public Health, Neuroscience, Experimental and Forensic Medicine (M.C.), University of Pavia; Departments of Neurological Emergency (I.L., G. Micieli, O.Z.) and General Neurology (I.R., M.C.), IRCCS C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy; Mitochondrial Research Group (E.F.), Clinical and Molecular Genetics Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK; and Department of Neurorehabilitation (G. Mora), IRCCS Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Corti
authors.affiliation: From the Dino Ferrari Center (A.D.F., D.R., I.T., M.R., A.B., F.F., S.S., S.C., N.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (F.G., E.N.-O.), 2nd Neurology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan; Division of Pathology (F.M.C., S.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan; Departments of Molecular Medicine (A.V., E.D.M., O.Z.), Industrial and Information Engineering (R.B.), and Public Health, Neuroscience, Experimental and Forensic Medicine (M.C.), University of Pavia; Departments of Neurological Emergency (I.L., G. Micieli, O.Z.) and General Neurology (I.R., M.C.), IRCCS C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy; Mitochondrial Research Group (E.F.), Clinical and Molecular Genetics Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK; and Department of Neurorehabilitation (G. Mora), IRCCS Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ceroni
authors.affiliation: From the Dino Ferrari Center (A.D.F., D.R., I.T., M.R., A.B., F.F., S.S., S.C., N.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (F.G., E.N.-O.), 2nd Neurology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan; Division of Pathology (F.M.C., S.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan; Departments of Molecular Medicine (A.V., E.D.M., O.Z.), Industrial and Information Engineering (R.B.), and Public Health, Neuroscience, Experimental and Forensic Medicine (M.C.), University of Pavia; Departments of Neurological Emergency (I.L., G. Micieli, O.Z.) and General Neurology (I.R., M.C.), IRCCS C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy; Mitochondrial Research Group (E.F.), Clinical and Molecular Genetics Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK; and Department of Neurorehabilitation (G. Mora), IRCCS Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Silvano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bosari
authors.affiliation: From the Dino Ferrari Center (A.D.F., D.R., I.T., M.R., A.B., F.F., S.S., S.C., N.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (F.G., E.N.-O.), 2nd Neurology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan; Division of Pathology (F.M.C., S.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan; Departments of Molecular Medicine (A.V., E.D.M., O.Z.), Industrial and Information Engineering (R.B.), and Public Health, Neuroscience, Experimental and Forensic Medicine (M.C.), University of Pavia; Departments of Neurological Emergency (I.L., G. Micieli, O.Z.) and General Neurology (I.R., M.C.), IRCCS C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy; Mitochondrial Research Group (E.F.), Clinical and Molecular Genetics Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK; and Department of Neurorehabilitation (G. Mora), IRCCS Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Orsetta
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Zuffardi
authors.affiliation: From the Dino Ferrari Center (A.D.F., D.R., I.T., M.R., A.B., F.F., S.S., S.C., N.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (F.G., E.N.-O.), 2nd Neurology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan; Division of Pathology (F.M.C., S.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan; Departments of Molecular Medicine (A.V., E.D.M., O.Z.), Industrial and Information Engineering (R.B.), and Public Health, Neuroscience, Experimental and Forensic Medicine (M.C.), University of Pavia; Departments of Neurological Emergency (I.L., G. Micieli, O.Z.) and General Neurology (I.R., M.C.), IRCCS C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy; Mitochondrial Research Group (E.F.), Clinical and Molecular Genetics Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK; and Department of Neurorehabilitation (G. Mora), IRCCS Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Nereo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bresolin
authors.affiliation: From the Dino Ferrari Center (A.D.F., D.R., I.T., M.R., A.B., F.F., S.S., S.C., N.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (F.G., E.N.-O.), 2nd Neurology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan; Division of Pathology (F.M.C., S.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan; Departments of Molecular Medicine (A.V., E.D.M., O.Z.), Industrial and Information Engineering (R.B.), and Public Health, Neuroscience, Experimental and Forensic Medicine (M.C.), University of Pavia; Departments of Neurological Emergency (I.L., G. Micieli, O.Z.) and General Neurology (I.R., M.C.), IRCCS C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy; Mitochondrial Research Group (E.F.), Clinical and Molecular Genetics Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK; and Department of Neurorehabilitation (G. Mora), IRCCS Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nobile-Orazio
authors.affiliation: From the Dino Ferrari Center (A.D.F., D.R., I.T., M.R., A.B., F.F., S.S., S.C., N.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (F.G., E.N.-O.), 2nd Neurology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan; Division of Pathology (F.M.C., S.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan; Departments of Molecular Medicine (A.V., E.D.M., O.Z.), Industrial and Information Engineering (R.B.), and Public Health, Neuroscience, Experimental and Forensic Medicine (M.C.), University of Pavia; Departments of Neurological Emergency (I.L., G. Micieli, O.Z.) and General Neurology (I.R., M.C.), IRCCS C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy; Mitochondrial Research Group (E.F.), Clinical and Molecular Genetics Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK; and Department of Neurorehabilitation (G. Mora), IRCCS Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Milan, Italy. giacomo.comi@unimi.it.
authors.forename: Giacomo Pietro
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Comi
mesh_terms: D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D002460:Cell Line; D002886:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17 / Q000235:genetics; D059472:Exome / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016472:Motor Neuron Disease / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D010375:Pedigree; D010641:Phenotype; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016875:tau Proteins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C054369:MAPT protein, human; D016875:tau Proteins