title: Diversity and evolution of oligopeptide permease systems in staphylococcal species.
abstract: Several oligopeptide permease (Opp) systems have been found in staphylococcal species, including Opp1-4, Opp3' and the arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME)-encoded Opp system (ACME-Opp). They confer upon bacteria the increasing fitness, but their evolutionary histories remain unclear. In this work, we performed a genome-wide identification of Opp systems in staphylococcal species. Novel Opp systems were identified, including the duplicate of Opp4 in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and the ACME-Opp-like systems in coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all of the identified Opp systems were derived from Opp3 system by operon duplication during species divergence, while lateral gene transfer might also confer to the dissemination of Opp in staphylococci. In addition, we proposed an improved theory on evolution of ACME: the Opp and arginine-deiminase systems were firstly transferred from Staphylococcus haemolyticus to Staphylococcus epidermidis independently; in S. epidermidis they were assembled together and then transferred to Staphylococcus aureus.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China.
authors.forename: Dongliang
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China.
authors.forename: Borui
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pi
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China.
authors.forename: Meihong
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China.
authors.forename: Yanfei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China.
authors.forename: Zhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ruan
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China. Electronic address: pandafengye@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China. Electronic address: yvys119@163.com.
authors.forename: Yunsong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D003030:Coagulase / Q000235:genetics; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D020440:Gene Duplication; D022761:Gene Transfer, Horizontal; D049810:Genetic Speciation; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D006867:Hydrolases / Q000235:genetics; D020071:Interspersed Repetitive Sequences; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D009876:Operon; D010802:Phylogeny; D013210:Staphylococcus / Q000145:classification / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D003030:Coagulase; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; C037230:oligopeptide permease, Bacteria; D006867:Hydrolases; C019723:arginine deiminase
keywords: Duplication; Gene cluster; Oligopeptide permease; Staphylococci