title: Influence of thermal hair straightening on ethyl glucuronide content in hair.
abstract: Hair analysis of ethyl glucuronide (EtG) has become a valuable marker for the detection of moderate and chronic alcohol consumption. It has been shown that bleaching and perming may decrease EtG content in hair. So far, no studies exist about the influence of thermal hair straightening on EtG content in hair. Forty-one positive EtG hair samples were treated in vitro with a hair straightener at 200°C. Duration of treatment of 1 min was chosen for this study. After washing, pulverization, incubation in ultrasonic bath, solid-phase extraction, and derivatization with heptafluorobutyric anhydride, EtG was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry - negative ion chemical ionization (GC-MS-NICI). The EtG contents in straightened hair strands were then compared with those in the corresponding untreated strands. In 20 of 41 hair samples, a decrease of EtG content was found ranging from 0.7% to 79.3% (average 20%) whereas in 21 cases an increase was shown ranging from 2.0% to 50.9% (average 15%). The variation of the results seems to depend on hair colour. The decrease may be explained by thermic in vitro destruction of EtG. The increase may be explained by denaturation of the hair matrix by thermal treatment possibly causing a better extraction of EtG during incubation in ultrasonic bath. This in vitro study indicates that thermal hair straightening has an impact on the EtG content in hair. This has to be considered for a correct interpretation of EtG results in hair. However, these results should be confirmed by in vivo studies.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire National de Santé, Division de Toxicology, L-1511, Luxembourg.
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ettlinger
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kirchen
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yegles
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D005965:Glucuronates / Q000032:analysis*; D006197:Hair / Q000737:chemistry*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005965:Glucuronates; C093924:ethyl glucuronide
keywords: EtG; cosmetic treatment; hair analysis; hair straightener