title: Advantages of repeated low dose against single high dose of kainate in C57BL/6J mouse model of status epilepticus: behavioral and electroencephalographic studies.
abstract: A refined kainate (KA) C57BL/6J mouse model of status epilepticus (SE) using a repeated low dose (RLD) of KA (5 mg/kg, intraperitoneal; at 30 min intervals) was compared with the established single high dose (SHD) of KA (20 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) model. In the RLD group, increased duration of convulsive motor seizures (CMS, Racine scale stage ≥3) with a significant reduction in mortality from 21% to 6% and decreased variability in seizure severity between animals/batches were observed when compared to the SHD group. There was a significant increase in the percentage of animals that reached stage-5 seizures (65% versus 96%) in the RLD group. Integrated real-time video-EEG analysis of both groups, using NeuroScore software, revealed stage-specific spikes and power spectral density characteristics. When the seizures progressed from non-convulsive seizures (NCS, stage 1-2) to CMS (stage 3-5), the delta power decreased which was followed by an increase in gamma and beta power. A transient increase in alpha and sigma power marked the transition from NCS to CMS with characteristic 'high frequency trigger' spikes on the EEG, which had no behavioral expression. During SE the spike rate was higher in the RLD group than in the SHD group. Overall these results confirm that RLD of KA is a more robust and consistent mouse model of SE than the SHD of KA mouse model.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tse
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America.
authors.forename: Sreekanth
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Puttachary
authors.affiliation: Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Beamer
authors.affiliation: Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Graeme J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Sills
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America.
authors.forename: Thimmasettappa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Thippeswamy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods; D007608:Kainic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D013226:Status Epilepticus / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D007608:Kainic Acid