title: A conceptual framework for research on subjective cognitive decline in preclinical Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: There is increasing evidence that subjective cognitive decline (SCD) in individuals with unimpaired performance on cognitive tests may represent the first symptomatic manifestation of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The research on SCD in early AD, however, is limited by the absence of common standards. The working group of the Subjective Cognitive Decline Initiative (SCD-I) addressed this deficiency by reaching consensus on terminology and on a conceptual framework for research on SCD in AD. In this publication, research criteria for SCD in pre-mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are presented. In addition, a list of core features proposed for reporting in SCD studies is provided, which will enable comparability of research across different settings. Finally, a set of features is presented, which in accordance with current knowledge, increases the likelihood of the presence of preclinical AD in individuals with SCD. This list is referred to as SCD plus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Clinical Treatment and Research Center for Neurodegenerative Disease (KBFZ), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany. Electronic address: frank.jessen@ukb.uni-bonn.de.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jessen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Rebecca E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Amariglio
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Boxtel
authors.affiliation: German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Monique
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Breteler
authors.affiliation: Institut des Neurosciences des Systèmes, Université de Marseille, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Mathieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ceccaldi
authors.affiliation: INSERM, U1077, Caen, France; Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR-S1077, Caen, France; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, UMR-S1077, Caen, France; CHU de Caen, U1077, Caen, France.
authors.forename: Gaël
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chételat
authors.affiliation: Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dubois
authors.affiliation: INSERM U708, Neuroepidemiology, CIC-EC7 and Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Carole
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dufouil
authors.affiliation: Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Kathryn A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.affiliation: Alzheimer Center, Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Wiesje M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: van der Flier
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Lidia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Glodzik
authors.affiliation: Alzheimer Center, Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Argonde C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: van Harten
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Mony J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: de Leon
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Pauline
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: McHugh
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Michelle M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Mielke
authors.affiliation: Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Jose Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Molinuevo
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mosconi
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Ricardo S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Osorio
authors.affiliation: INSERM, U1077, Caen, France; Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR-S1077, Caen, France; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, UMR-S1077, Caen, France; CHU de Caen, U1077, Caen, France.
authors.forename: Audrey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Perrotin
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Ronald C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Petersen
authors.affiliation: Brooklyn College of The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA; The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Laura A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Rabin
authors.affiliation: Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Lorena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rami
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Silberstein Aging and Dementia Research Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Barry
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Reisberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Dorene M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Rentz
authors.affiliation: Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Perminder S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Sachdev
authors.affiliation: INSERM, U1077, Caen, France; Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR-S1077, Caen, France; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, UMR-S1077, Caen, France; CHU de Caen, U1077, Caen, France.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: de la Sayette
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Saykin
authors.affiliation: Alzheimer Center, Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Scheltens
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Melanie B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Shulman
authors.affiliation: Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Melissa J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Slavin
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Reisa A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Sperling
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.affiliation: Alzheimer's Institute, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Uspenskaya
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Toulouse University Hospital, UMR INSERM 1027, University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vellas
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Alzheimer Center, Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Pieter Jelle
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Visser
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Clinical Treatment and Research Center for Neurodegenerative Disease (KBFZ), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wagner
mesh_terms: D017668:Age of Onset; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D062706:Prodromal Symptoms; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D009626:Terminology as Topic
keywords: Alzheimer's disease; Mild cognitive impairment; Preclinical Alzheimer's disease; Prodromal Alzheimer 's disease; Research criteria; Subjective cognitive decline