title: Daily time management and influence of environmental factors on use of electronic planning devices in adults with mental disability.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe daily time management in adults with and without mental disability and to examine differences in the level of their daily time management; to describe the possessions and use of electronic planning devices (EPDs) in activities and how environmental factors influence the use of EPDs in adults with mental disability.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a descriptive and cross-sectional design, 32 participants using EPDs and a matched comparison group of 32 healthy adults was recruited. Time-Self rating scale measuring daily time management was adapted for adults. A study specific questionnaire was applied to collect data on five ICF environmental factors. Rasch modelling, descriptive and non-parametric statistics were applied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Time-S has acceptable psychometric properties for use on adults with mental disability. People with mental disability and low level of daily time management who use advanced EPDs are more influenced by environmental factors. The study group perceived that encouragement and support from professionals as well as services influence their use of EPDs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Time-S can safely be used for people with mental disability. EPDs do not fully compensate the needs of the target-group. Prescribers need to give considerations to this and therefore they should be provided with more knowledge about this matter. Implications for Rehabilitation The Time-S can be applied for measuring daily time management in adults. Adults with mental disability provided with EPDs are not fully compensated in daily time management. Professional support and encouragement as well as backing from the services are important factors for the use of EPDs. Because the smart phones are not prescribed as assistive technology, the need for help from professionals to facilitate daily life is stressed. Therefore, the professionals should be provided with more knowledge about the use of EPDs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Disability and Habilitation, Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden .
authors.forename: Gunnel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Janeslätt
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lindstedt
authors.forename: Päivi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Adolfsson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003142:Communication; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D004651:Employment; D004777:Environment; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011998:Recreation; D012656:Self-Help Devices; D017748:Time Management / Q000379:methods*; D014186:Transportation
keywords: Assistive technology; ICF; Rasch modelling; cognitive dysfunction; occupational therapy; time-S