title: Neural regulation of cardiovascular response to exercise: role of central command and peripheral afferents.
abstract: During dynamic exercise, mechanisms controlling the cardiovascular apparatus operate to provide adequate oxygen to fulfill metabolic demand of exercising muscles and to guarantee metabolic end-products washout. Moreover, arterial blood pressure is regulated to maintain adequate perfusion of the vital organs without excessive pressure variations. The autonomic nervous system adjustments are characterized by a parasympathetic withdrawal and a sympathetic activation. In this review, we briefly summarize neural reflexes operating during dynamic exercise. The main focus of the present review will be on the central command, the arterial baroreflex and chemoreflex, and the exercise pressure reflex. The regulation and integration of these reflexes operating during dynamic exercise and their possible role in the pathophysiology of some cardiovascular diseases are also discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Antonio C L
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Nobrega
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Donal
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: O'Leary
authors.affiliation: Section of Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bruno Moreira
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Sports Physiology laboratory Lab., Department of Medical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy.
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0954-2901
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Marongiu
authors.affiliation: Heart Failure Unit, Cardiac Department, Guglielmo da Saliceto Polichirurgico Hospital, Piacenza, Italy.
authors.forename: Massimo F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Piepoli
authors.affiliation: Sports Physiology laboratory Lab., Department of Medical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Crisafulli
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000294:innervation*; D015444:Exercise; D006801:Humans; D009475:Neurons, Afferent / Q000502:physiology*; D017933:Peripheral Nervous System / Q000502:physiology*; D012018:Reflex / Q000502:physiology