title: Study of factors involved in tongue color diagnosis by kampo medical practitioners using the farnsworth-munsell 100 hue test and tongue color images.
abstract: In traditional Japanese medicine (Kampo medicine), tongue color is important in discerning a patient's constitution and medical conditions. However, tongue color diagnosis is susceptible to the subjective factors of the observer. To investigate factors involved in tongue color diagnosis, both color discrimination and tongue color diagnosis were researched in 68 Kampo medical practitioners. Color discrimination was studied by the Farnsworth-Munsell 100 Hue test, and tongue color diagnosis was studied by 84 tongue images. We found that overall color discrimination worsened with aging. However, the color discrimination related to tongue color regions was maintained in subjects with 10 or more years of Kampo experience. On the other hand, tongue color diagnosis significantly differed between subjects with <10 years of experience and ≥10 years of experience. Practitioners with ≥10 years of experience could maintain a consistent diagnosis of tongue color regardless of their age.
authors.affiliation: Department of Japanese Oriental (Kampo) Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oji
authors.affiliation: Department of Japanese Oriental (Kampo) Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Namiki
authors.affiliation: Center for Frontier Medical Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiya
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8348-6178
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakaguchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Japanese Oriental (Kampo) Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
authors.forename: Keigo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
authors.forename: Kanako
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.affiliation: Department of Japanese Oriental (Kampo) Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
authors.forename: Michimi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Japanese Oriental (Kampo) Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7551-8694
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Japanese Oriental (Kampo) Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirasaki