title: Qualitative screening of 116 veterinary drugs in feed by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry: potential application to quantitative analysis.
abstract: Veterinarian and human pharmaceuticals may be intentionally added to animal feed to enhance animal production. Monitoring these substances is necessary for protecting the consumers. In this work, a screening method covering 116 human and veterinary drugs has been developed and validated in five types of animal feed at 0.02 and 0.2 mg kg(-1). After a simple extraction and dilution, the samples were analysed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF MS). Nearly all compounds tested were detected at 0.02 mg kg(-1), based on the presence of the accurate-mass (de)protonated molecule. However, the identification using a second accurate-mass ion was more problematic at this level. Finally, the procedure was applied to 22 feed samples, where trimethoprim, robenidine, or α- and β-nandrolone were detected and identified. The potential applicability of the method to quantitative analysis of the compounds detected in the samples was also evaluated.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat, E-12071 Castellón, Spain.
authors.forename: Clara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Boix
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat, E-12071 Castellón, Spain.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ibáñez
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat, E-12071 Castellón, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Sancho
authors.affiliation: Public Health Laboratory of Valencia, Conselleria de Sanitat, Avda. Cataluña no. 21, Valencia, Spain; Food Safety Research Area - Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO - Public Health, Avda. Cataluña no. 21, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Nuria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: León
authors.affiliation: Public Health Laboratory of Valencia, Conselleria de Sanitat, Avda. Cataluña no. 21, Valencia, Spain; Food Safety Research Area - Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO - Public Health, Avda. Cataluña no. 21, Valencia, Spain; Analytical Chemistry Department, Universidad de Valencia, Edifici Jeroni Muñoz, 50, Dr. Moliner, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Vicent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Yusá
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat, E-12071 Castellón, Spain. Electronic address: felix.hernandez@uji.es.
authors.forename: Félix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hernández
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D005503:Food Additives / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D008970:Molecular Weight; D019155:Veterinary Drugs / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D005503:Food Additives; D019155:Veterinary Drugs
keywords: Animal feed; Liquid chromatography; Qualitative validation; Screening; Time-of-flight mass spectrometry; Veterinary drugs