title: The relation between oxidative stress, inflammation, and neopterin in the paraquat-induced lung toxicity.
abstract: Paraquat (PQ) is a well-known quaternary nitrogen herbicide. The major target organ in PQ poisoning is the lung. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammation play a crucial role in the development of PQ-induced pulmonary injury. Neopterin is synthesized in macrophage by interferon γ and other cytokines. We aimed to evaluate the utility of neopterin as a diagnostic marker in PQ-induced lung toxicity. Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups (sham and PQ), administered intraperitoneally 1 mL saline and PQ (15 mg/kg/mL) respectively. Blood samples and lungs were collected for analyses. Lung injury and fibrosis were seen in the PQ group. Serum total antioxidant capacity, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and lung transforming growth factor-1β (TGF-1β) levels were significantly higher than the sham group (in all, p < 0.001). In addition, in the PQ group, serum neopterin and lung malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were also significantly higher than the sham group (in all, p = 0.001). Serum neopterin levels were correlated with LDH activities, lung MDA, lung TGF-1β levels, and the degree of lung injury. These findings demonstrated that oxidative stress, reduction of antioxidant capacity, and inflammation play a crucial role in the PQ-induced lung injury. Elevated serum neopterin levels may be a prognostic parameter to determine extends of PQ-induced lung toxicity. Further studies may be performed to clarify the role of neopterin by different doses of PQ.
authors.affiliation: Department of ForensicMedicine, Gulhane Military Medical Academy and Medical School, Ankara, Turkey mehmetoygar@gmail.com.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Toygar
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Aydin
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Agilli
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: F N
authors.initials: FN
authors.lastname: Aydin
authors.affiliation: Turkish Armed Forces, Health Services Command, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oztosun
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gul
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Macit
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Karslioglu
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Topal
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Uysal
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Kecioren Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Honca
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006540:Herbicides / Q000633:toxicity*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D055370:Lung Injury / Q000097:blood* / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D019798:Neopterin / Q000097:blood*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010269:Paraquat / Q000633:toxicity*; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006540:Herbicides; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D019798:Neopterin; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D010269:Paraquat
keywords: Paraquat; inflammation; lung toxicity; neopterin; oxidative stress