title: Evolution of laparoscopy in colorectal surgery: an evidence-based review.
abstract: Open surgery for colorectal disease has progressed significantly over the past century from humble beginnings to form the mainstay of treatment for colorectal cancer and a number of benign conditions. Following the introduction of laparoscopic abdominal surgery, the next stage in the evolution of the specialty began in the 1990s with the first laparoscopic colonic resection. Following some early concerns regarding its safety and oncological efficacy during the latter part of that decade, laparoscopic colorectal surgery rapidly came into mainstream use in the early part of the current century with evidence supporting its use being made available from large scale randomised controlled trials. This article provides an evidence-based summary of this evolutionary process as it relates to both benign and malignant colorectal disease, as well as discussion of the next phase of new technologies such as robotic surgery.
authors.affiliation: Alexander Emmanuel Blackmore, Mark Te Ching Wong, Choong Leong Tang, Department of Colorectal Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169856, Singapore.
authors.forename: Alexander Emmanuel
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Blackmore
authors.affiliation: Alexander Emmanuel Blackmore, Mark Te Ching Wong, Choong Leong Tang, Department of Colorectal Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169856, Singapore.
authors.forename: Mark Te Ching
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Alexander Emmanuel Blackmore, Mark Te Ching Wong, Choong Leong Tang, Department of Colorectal Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169856, Singapore.
authors.forename: Choong Leong
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D003106:Colon / Q000601:surgery*; D013505:Digestive System Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004867:Equipment Design; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation; D012007:Rectum / Q000601:surgery*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012371:Robotics; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Colorectal cancer; Colorectal surgery; Laparoscopic resection of gastrointestinal; Laparoscopy; Pelvic floor; Robotics