title: Evidence for adaptive divergence of thermal responses among Bemisia tabaci populations from tropical Colombia following a recent invasion.
abstract: There is an increasing evidence that populations of ectotherms can diverge genetically in response to different climatic conditions, both within their native range and (in the case of invasive species) in their new range. Here, we test for such divergence in invasive whitefly Bemisia tabaci populations in tropical Colombia, by considering heritable variation within and between populations in survival and fecundity under temperature stress, and by comparing population differences with patterns established from putatively neutral microsatellite markers. We detected significant differences among populations linked to mean temperature (for survival) and temperature variation (for fecundity) in local environments. A QST  - FST analysis indicated that phenotypic divergence was often larger than neutral expectations (QST  > FST ). Particularly, for survival after a sublethal heat shock, this divergence remained linked to the local mean temperature after controlling for neutral divergence. These findings point to rapid adaptation in invasive whitefly likely to contribute to its success as a pest species. Ongoing evolutionary divergence also provides challenges in predicting the likely impact of Bemisia in invaded regions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Díaz
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Muñoz-Valencia
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Juvinao-Quintero
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Manzano-Martínez
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Toro-Perea
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cárdenas-Henao
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
mesh_terms: D000220:Adaptation, Biological; D000818:Animals; D003105:Colombia; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility; D018869:Heat-Shock Response; D006430:Hemiptera / Q000502:physiology*; D058865:Introduced Species; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D014329:Tropical Climate
keywords: Bemisia tabaci; Heat stress; QST − FST correlations; adaptive divergence; invasive species