title: Effect of high-fructose corn syrup on Streptococcus mutans virulence gene expression and on tooth demineralization.
abstract: High-fructose corn syrup-55 (HFCS-55) has been widely welcomed in recent years as a substitute for sucrose on the basis of its favourable properties and price. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of HFCS-55 on the expression of Streptococcus mutans UA159 virulence genes and on tooth demineralization. Real-time reverse-transcription PCR (real-time RT-PCR) and microhardness evaluations were performed to examine gene expression and enamel demineralization, respectively, after treatment with HFCS-55 and/or sucrose. Significant up-regulation of glucosyltransferase B (gtfB) by HFCS-55 was found. A mixture of HFCS-55 and sucrose could positively enhance expression of glucan-binding protein (gbp) genes. Regarding acidogenicity, expression of the lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) gene was unaffected by HFCS-55. A notable finding in this study was that 5% HFCS-55 significantly enhanced expression of the intracellular response gene of the two-component VicRK signal transduction system (vicR). Demineralization testing showed that the microhardness of teeth decreased by a greater extent in response to HFCS-55 than in response to sucrose. The results indicate that HFCS-55 can enhance S. mutans biofilm formation indirectly in the presence of sucrose and that HFCS-55 has a more acidogenic potential than does sucrose. Summing up the real-time PCR and demineralization results, HFCS-55 appears to be no less cariogenic than sucrose in vitro - at least, not under the conditions of our experiments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Minmin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Qiongyi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Tingting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Lili
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Yuntao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Wenwei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xia
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects; D002326:Cariogenic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D005964:Glucosyltransferases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D006244:Hardness; D066248:High Fructose Corn Syrup / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D037102:Lectins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D013395:Sucrose / Q000009:adverse effects; D017001:Tooth Demineralization / Q000209:etiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D002326:Cariogenic Agents; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D066248:High Fructose Corn Syrup; D037102:Lectins; D037521:Virulence Factors; C119939:YycF protein, Bacteria; C037937:glucan-binding proteins; D013395:Sucrose; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; C036655:1,3-alpha-D-glucan synthase; D005964:Glucosyltransferases
keywords: gene expression; high-fructose corn syrup-55 (HFCS-55); real-time RT-PCR; streptococcus mutans; sucrose