title: Clinicoradiological correlation of scoliosis in children with Jarcho-Levin and Escobar syndromes: associated "flat bone or wing-like" imaging findings.
abstract: Congenital or early onset scoliosis may be the lead clinical feature in several rare syndromes. In this paper, we present the imaging findings in two children with early onset scoliosis related to the Jarcho-Levin and Escobar syndromes and an osseous plate or wing-like bar extending along the posterior elements of the spine on computed tomography. The clinical phenotypes in these syndromes are variable. A thorough clinical evaluation with imaging correlation is essential. The recognition of underlying spinal anomalies is essential in planning treatment and estimating prognosis. In young children with progressive scoliosis, cross-sectional imaging plays a major role in the diagnostic work-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Congenital scoliosis requires a comprehensive clinical evaluation and imaging work-up. The presence of an osseous plate or wing-like fusion of posterior elements of the spine may suggest the diagnosis of Jarcho-Levin and Escobar syndromes.
authors.affiliation: Section of Pediatric Neuroradiology, Division of Pediatric Radiology, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Charlotte R. Bloomberg Children's Center, Sheikh Zayed Tower, Room 4174, 1800 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287-0842, USA, tbosema1@jhmi.edu.
authors.forename: Thangamadhan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bosemani
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Poretti
authors.forename: Jane E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Benson
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Meyer-Heim
authors.forename: Thierry A G M
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Huisman
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006548:Hernia, Diaphragmatic / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008305:Malignant Hyperthermia / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D012868:Skin Abnormalities / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed