title: Novel styrylbenzene derivatives for detecting amyloid deposits.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Various styrylbenzene compounds were synthesized and evaluated as mainly Aβ amyloid sensors. These compounds, however, cannot be used for detecting amyloid deposition in peripheral nerves because of the inherent sensitivity of the compounds. These compounds often generate false positives especially in the basement membrane of blood vessels in histochemical studies. To overcome these problems, we must first synthesize other styryl compounds for detecting amyloid fibrils in tissues.
  
  
  METHODS
  A wide variety of symmetrical and unsymmetrical styrylbenzene derivatives were synthesized and then these compounds were used to detect amyloid fibrils in autopsy and biopsy samples from patients with various systemic and localized forms of amyloidosis such as familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP), senile systemic amyloidosis (SSA), amyloid A (AA) amyloidosis, localized AL amyloidosis, and Alzheimer's disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  1-Methoxy-2,5-bis-styrylbenzene and 2-(2-(2-fluoroethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)-2,5-bis-styrylbenzene (EEEFSB) detected amyloid fibrils in both in vitro and in vivo histopathological studies. 1-Methoxy-2,5-bis-styrylbenzene also showed a high strength of fluorescence with amyloid deposition in peripheral nerves in a patient with FAP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  1-Methoxy-2,5-bis-styrylbenzene and EEEFSB may prove a useful tool for diagnosing amyloidosis, not only in a histochemical study but also in whole body amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) imaging.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan. Electronic address: nakazono@phar.kyushu-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakazono
authors.affiliation: Diagnostic Unit for Amyloidosis, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kumamoto University Hospital, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
authors.forename: Konen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Obayashi
authors.affiliation: Dojindo Laboratories, 2025-5 Tabaru, Mashiki-machi, Kumamoto 861-2202, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sasamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Radiation Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kumamoto University, 4-24-1 Kuhonji, Kumamoto 862-0976, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tomiyoshi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
authors.forename: Genki
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Suenaga
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ando
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000682:Amyloid / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000686:Amyloidosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D001554:Benzene / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D055503:Protein Multimerization; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary
chemical_list: D000682:Amyloid; D001554:Benzene
keywords: 5× Transgenic Alzheimer's disease (AD) model mice; Amyloid positron emission tomography (PET); Localized amyloidosis; Styrylbenzene; Systemic amyloidosis