title: Measurement of the bystander intervention model for bullying and sexual harassment.
abstract: Although peer bystanders can exacerbate or prevent bullying and sexual harassment, research has been hindered by the absence of a validated assessment tool to measure the process and sequential steps of the bystander intervention model. A measure was developed based on the five steps of Latané and Darley's (1970) bystander intervention model applied to bullying and sexual harassment. Confirmatory factor analysis with a sample of 562 secondary school students confirmed the five-factor structure of the measure. Structural equation modeling revealed that all the steps were influenced by the previous step in the model, as the theory proposed. In addition, the bystander intervention measure was positively correlated with empathy, attitudes toward bullying and sexual harassment, and awareness of bullying and sexual harassment facts. This measure can be used for future research and to inform intervention efforts related to the process of bystander intervention for bullying and sexual harassment.
authors.affiliation: Alberti Center for Bullying Abuse Prevention, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 428 Baldy Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA. Electronic address: abnickerson@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Amanda B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Nickerson
authors.affiliation: University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, IA, USA.
authors.forename: Ariel M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Aloe
authors.affiliation: Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Livingston
authors.affiliation: Department of Communication, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas Hugh
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Feeley
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D001290:Attitude; D058445:Bullying / Q000523:psychology*; D004645:Empathy; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008960:Models, Psychological; D017406:Sexual Harassment / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Bullying; Bystander intervention; Measurement; Sexual harassment