title: Exercise motivation, self-efficacy, and enjoyment as indicators of adult exercise behavior among the transtheoretical model stages.
abstract: To better understand the role of motivation in determining exercise participation at the population level, we performed a questionnaire survey of 385 Japanese adults (mean age: 55.0 years, SD: 10.9 years). At baseline, the motivation subscales (intrinsic motivation, identified regulation, and external regulation), self-efficacy, and enjoyment all showed significant differences across the stages of change for exercise. Intrinsic motivation and enjoyment had similar findings, with the highest scores being noted in the maintenance stage. Among the 385 subjects, 183 completed the follow-up questionnaire 3 months later. After 3 months, most of the participants (86.9%) who were in the maintenance stage at baseline remained in the same stage. The number of participants who dropped to a lower stage after 3 months was 23. The changes of exercise stage over the 3-month period differed significantly for identified regulation, introjected regulation, and motivation. There were significant time and group interactions for intrinsic motivation and identified regulation. These findings suggest the importance of intrinsic motivation and identified regulation for performance of regular exercise, as well as the role of introjected regulation for promoting behavioral change among Japanese adults.
authors.affiliation: Yasufumi Kuroda, Department of Public Health, Tokyo Women's Medical University.
authors.forename: Yasufumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kuroda
authors.forename: Yasuto
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishizaka
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamakado
authors.forename: Naohito
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015444:Exercise / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D040361:Healthy People Programs / Q000379:methods* / Q000458:organization & administration; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009042:Motivation; D057181:Pleasure; D020377:Self Efficacy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: health behavior; health determinants; health promotion; physical activity