title: Glutathione peroxidase 3 serum levels and GPX3 gene polymorphisms in subjects with metabolic syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPx3) plays a main role in removing hydro- and lipoperoxides from the body. Changes in concentration and several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) at the GPX3 gene have been associated with vascular diseases, but the relationship of GPx3 with metabolic syndrome (MetS) remains unexplored. We undertook this study to determine the association of GPx3 serum levels and several GPX3 SNPs with the presence of MetS in Mexican subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical, biochemical, and anthropometric evaluation were conducted in 426 subjects assigned to three groups: control (n = 42); risk group (RG, n = 200), and MetS group (n = 184). Insulin sensitivity (IS) and cardiovascular risk were determined by the QUICKI and TG/HDL-C index, respectively. Serum GPx3 was determined by enzyme immunoassay and polymorphisms within GPX3 gene were identified by nucleotide sequencing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MetS group showed low IS and increased cardiovascular risk with respect to controls as well as higher GPx3 serum levels (172.9 ± 32.2 vs. 145.6 ± 24.8 ng/dL; p <0.05). Only three of the ten GPX3 SNPs screened were polymorphic with two haplotypes observed (CCT and TTA-rs8177404, rs8177406, and rs8177409), indicating tight linkage disequilibrium in this genetic region. No differences for either genotype or allele frequencies among groups were observed, but rs8177409 (allele T) was associated with cardiovascular risk (odds ratio [OR], 4.5; p = 0.0125).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that serum levels of GPx3 are increased in subjects with MetS and that rs8177409 SNP was associated with cardiovascular risk in a Mexican population.
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), México.
authors.forename: Blanca G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Baez-Duarte
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mendoza-Carrera
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
authors.forename: Alejandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: García-Zapién
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
authors.forename: Silvia E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Flores-Martínez
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Corona
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), México.
authors.forename: Irma
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Zamora-Ginez
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), México.
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Torres-Rasgado
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, BUAP, Puebla, México.
authors.forename: Bertha A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: León-Chávez
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), México; Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente (CIBIOR), IMSS, Atlixco, Puebla, México. Electronic address: rycardoperez@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pérez-Fuentes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005819:Genetic Markers; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics*; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D008800:Mexico; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005819:Genetic Markers; C486484:GPX3 protein, human; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase
keywords: Cardiovascular risk; GPX3·gene polymorphisms; Glutathione peroxidase 3; Metabolic syndrome