title: Fasting whole blood fatty acid profile and risk of type 2 diabetes in adults: a nested case control study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  to determine the association of fasting whole blood fatty acid concentrations with incidence of type 2 diabetes in adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  A nested case-control study of 187 subjects from a cohort of men and women aged 55-85 years from the Hunter Region, New South Wales, Australia. Fasting whole blood fatty acids were measured using gas chromatography and incidence of type 2 diabetes was ascertained by self-reported questionnaire at the study follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjustment for potential confounding variables, positive associations with type 2 diabetes were seen for dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA) (OR = 1.04, 95% CI:1.01-1.07, P = 0.01); arachidonic acid (ARA) (OR = 1.01, 95% CI:1.00-1.01, P = 0.002); alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) (OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.03-1.18, P = 0.01); eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (OR = 1.05, 95% CI:1.02-1.08, P = 0.001); and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (OR = 1.03, 95% CI:1.02-1.05, P<0.0001). Lignoceric acid is significantly associated with lower type 2 diabetes risk (OR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.92-0.99, P = 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that higher fasting whole blood concentrations of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6PUFA) (ARA and DGLA) as well as omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3PUFA) (ALA, EPA, and DHA) are associated with an increased risk of diabetes, whereas increased fasting whole blood concentrations of lignoceric acid is inversely associated with diabetes risk.
authors.affiliation: Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Ministry of Higher Education, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Amani
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alhazmi
authors.affiliation: School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Information Technology, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stojanovski
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Manohar L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Garg
authors.affiliation: Centre for Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McEvoy
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood*; D044943:Fatty Acid Desaturases / Q000378:metabolism; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012306:Risk
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D044943:Fatty Acid Desaturases