title: Phylogeography and molecular epidemiology of an epidemic strain of dengue virus type 1 in Sri Lanka.
abstract: In 2009, a severe epidemic of dengue disease occurred in Sri Lanka, with higher mortality and morbidity than any previously recorded epidemic in the country. It corresponded to a shift to dengue virus 1 as the major disease-causing serotype in Sri Lanka. Dengue disease reached epidemic levels in the next 3 years. We report phylogenetic evidence that the 2009 epidemic DENV-1 strain continued to circulate within the population and caused severe disease in the epidemic of 2012. Bayesian phylogeographic analyses suggest that the 2009 Sri Lankan epidemic DENV-1 strain may have traveled directly or indirectly from Thailand through China to Sri Lanka, and after spreading within the Sri Lankan population, it traveled to Pakistan and Singapore. Our findings delineate the dissemination route of a virulent DENV-1 strain in Asia. Understanding such routes will be of particular importance to global control efforts.
authors.affiliation: University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Genetech Research Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka; North Colombo Teaching Hospital, Ragama, Sri Lanka; Department of Zoology, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka; Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California.
authors.forename: Karen E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Ocwieja
authors.affiliation: University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Genetech Research Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka; North Colombo Teaching Hospital, Ragama, Sri Lanka; Department of Zoology, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka; Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California.
authors.forename: Anira N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Fernando
authors.affiliation: University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Genetech Research Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka; North Colombo Teaching Hospital, Ragama, Sri Lanka; Department of Zoology, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka; Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California.
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sherrill-Mix
authors.affiliation: University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Genetech Research Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka; North Colombo Teaching Hospital, Ragama, Sri Lanka; Department of Zoology, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka; Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California.
authors.forename: Sesh A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Sundararaman
authors.affiliation: University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Genetech Research Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka; North Colombo Teaching Hospital, Ragama, Sri Lanka; Department of Zoology, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka; Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California.
authors.forename: Rashika N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Tennekoon
authors.affiliation: University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Genetech Research Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka; North Colombo Teaching Hospital, Ragama, Sri Lanka; Department of Zoology, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka; Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California.
authors.forename: Rashmi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tippalagama
authors.affiliation: University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Genetech Research Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka; North Colombo Teaching Hospital, Ragama, Sri Lanka; Department of Zoology, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka; Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California.
authors.forename: Shivankari
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Krishnananthasivam
authors.affiliation: University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Genetech Research Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka; North Colombo Teaching Hospital, Ragama, Sri Lanka; Department of Zoology, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka; Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California.
authors.forename: Gayani
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Premawansa
authors.affiliation: University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Genetech Research Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka; North Colombo Teaching Hospital, Ragama, Sri Lanka; Department of Zoology, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka; Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California.
authors.forename: Sunil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Premawansa
authors.affiliation: University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Genetech Research Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka; North Colombo Teaching Hospital, Ragama, Sri Lanka; Department of Zoology, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka; Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California dslv90@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Aruna Dharshan
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: De Silva
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000330:Aedes / Q000821:virology*; D000818:Animals; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D003716:Dengue Virus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007303:Insect Vectors; D008875:Middle Aged; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D010802:Phylogeny; D058974:Phylogeography; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics; D012703:Serotyping; D019595:Severe Dengue / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology; D013188:Sri Lanka / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral