title: Fabrication and characterization of bioactive and antibacterial composites for dental applications.
abstract: There is an increasing clinical need to design novel dental materials that combine regenerative and antibacterial properties. In this work the characterization of a recently developed sol-gel-derived bioactive glass ceramic containing silver ions (Ag-BG) is presented. The microstructural characteristics, ion release profile, zeta potential value and changes in weight loss and pH value as a function of the immersion time of Ag-BG in Tris buffer are evaluated. Ag-BG is also incorporated into natural extracellular matrix (ECM) hydrogel to further enhance its regenerative properties. Then, the micro and macro architectures of these new composites (ECM/Ag-BG) are characterized. In addition, the antibacterial properties of these new composites are tested against Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis, a bacterium commonly implicated in the pathogenesis of dental pulp infections. Cell-material interaction is also monitored in a primary culture of dental pulp cells. Our study highlights the benefits of the successful incorporation of Ag in the bioactive glass, resulting in a stable antibacterial material with long-lasting bactericidal activity. Furthermore, this work presents for the first time the fabrication of new Ag-doped composite materials, with inductive pulp-cell proliferation and antibacterial properties (ECM/Ag-BG). This advanced composite made of Ag-BG incorporated into natural ECM possesses improved properties that may facilitate potential applications in tooth regeneration approaches.
authors.affiliation: Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. Electronic address: xchatzis@umich.edu.
authors.forename: Xanthippi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chatzistavrou
authors.affiliation: Biologic & Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: J Christopher
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Fenno
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Denver
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Faulk
authors.affiliation: McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Badylak
authors.affiliation: Department of Frontier Materials, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kasuga
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Aldo R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Boccaccini
authors.affiliation: Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. Electronic address: petrosp@umich.edu.
authors.forename: Petros
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Papagerakis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology; D018407:Bacterial Physiological Phenomena / Q000187:drug effects*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D004343:Drug Implants / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D003764:Dental Materials; D004343:Drug Implants; D012834:Silver
keywords: Antibacterial action; Bioactive glass; Composite; Natural extracellular matrix scaffold; Silver