title: Beyond Warburg effect--dual metabolic nature of cancer cells.
abstract: Warburg effect is a dominant phenotype of most cancer cells. Here we show that this phenotype depends on its environment. When cancer cells are under regular culture condition, they show Warburg effect; whereas under lactic acidosis, they show a nonglycolytic phenotype, characterized by a high ratio of oxygen consumption rate over glycolytic rate, negligible lactate production and efficient incorporation of glucose carbon(s) into cellular mass. These two metabolic modes are intimately interrelated, for Warburg effect generates lactic acidosis that promotes a transition to a nonglycolytic mode. This dual metabolic nature confers growth advantage to cancer cells adapting to ever changing microenvironment.
authors.affiliation: 1] Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory for Cancer Intervention and Prevention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), the Second Affiliated Hospital [2].
authors.forename: Jiansheng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: 1] Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory for Cancer Intervention and Prevention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), the Second Affiliated Hospital [2].
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: 1] Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory for Cancer Intervention and Prevention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), the Second Affiliated Hospital [2].
authors.forename: Chunyan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory for Cancer Intervention and Prevention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), the Second Affiliated Hospital.
authors.forename: Qiangrong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory for Cancer Intervention and Prevention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), the Second Affiliated Hospital.
authors.forename: Zonghui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory for Cancer Intervention and Prevention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), the Second Affiliated Hospital.
authors.forename: Danqing
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Bingyan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory for Cancer Intervention and Prevention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), the Second Affiliated Hospital.
authors.forename: Xun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D000140:Acidosis, Lactic / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006019:Glycolysis; D064593:Heterografts; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009243:NAD / Q000378:metabolism; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010641:Phenotype
chemical_list: D009243:NAD; D019344:Lactic Acid; D005947:Glucose