title: Favorable effects of low-fat and low-carbohydrate dietary patterns on serum leptin, but not adiponectin, among overweight and obese premenopausal women: a randomized trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The most effective dietary pattern for breast cancer prevention has been greatly debated in recent years. Studies have examined hypocaloric diets, with particular emphasis on macronutrient composition, yielding inconclusive data. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of calorie-restricted low-fat and low-carbohydrate diets (LFD and LCD, respectively) on circulating adipokines among overweight and obese premenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-nine overweight and obese premenopausal women were randomized to either LFD or LCD, with increased physical activity, for 52 weeks. Serum adiponectin, leptin and the adiponectin-to-leptin ratio (A/L) were measured at baseline, and at weeks 34 and 52 to assess intervention effects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  While there were no significant changes in serum adiponectin concentrations following the LCD and LFD interventions, leptin concentrations significantly decreased by week 34 of the intervention period (LCD: 35.3%, P = 0.004; LFD: 30.0%, P = 0.01), with no difference by intervention arm. At week 52, these reductions were statistically non-significant, indicating a return to baseline levels by the end of the intervention. While there were non-significant increases in the A/L ratio following the LCD and LFD intervention arms, the overall trend, across groups, was marginally significant (P = 0.05) with increases of 16.2% and 35.1% at weeks 34 and 52, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that caloric-restricted LCD and LFD dietary patterns favorably modify leptin and possibly the A/L ratio, and lend support to the hypothesis that these interventions may be effective for obesity-related breast cancer prevention through their effects on biomarkers involved in metabolic pathways.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  NCT01559194.
authors.affiliation: The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1590 N. High St., Suite 525, Columbus, OH 43210 USA ; Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA.
authors.forename: Adana Am
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Llanos
authors.affiliation: The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1590 N. High St., Suite 525, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
authors.forename: Jessica L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Krok
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA.
authors.forename: Michael L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Pennell
authors.affiliation: The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1590 N. High St., Suite 525, Columbus, OH 43210 USA ; Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Olivo-Marston
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA.
authors.forename: Mara Z
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Vitolins
authors.affiliation: The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1590 N. High St., Suite 525, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
authors.forename: Cecilia R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Degraffinreid
authors.affiliation: The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1590 N. High St., Suite 525, Columbus, OH 43210 USA ; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1590 N. High St., Suite 525, Columbus, OH 43210 USA ; Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA ; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1590 N. High St., Suite 525, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
authors.forename: Electra D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Paskett
keywords: Adipokines; Adiponectin; Breast cancer prevention; Dietary intervention trial; Leptin; Low-carbohydrate diet; Low-fat diet; Premenopausal women