title: Quantum entanglement in photoactive prebiotic systems.
abstract: This paper contains the review of quantum entanglement investigations in living systems, and in the quantum mechanically modelled photoactive prebiotic kernel systems. We define our modelled self-assembled supramolecular photoactive centres, composed of one or more sensitizer molecules, precursors of fatty acids and a number of water molecules, as a photoactive prebiotic kernel systems. We propose that life first emerged in the form of such minimal photoactive prebiotic kernel systems and later in the process of evolution these photoactive prebiotic kernel systems would have produced fatty acids and covered themselves with fatty acid envelopes to become the minimal cells of the Fatty Acid World. Specifically, we model self-assembling of photoactive prebiotic systems with observed quantum entanglement phenomena. We address the idea that quantum entanglement was important in the first stages of origins of life and evolution of the biospheres because simultaneously excite two prebiotic kernels in the system by appearance of two additional quantum entangled excited states, leading to faster growth and self-replication of minimal living cells. The quantum mechanically modelled possibility of synthesizing artificial self-reproducing quantum entangled prebiotic kernel systems and minimal cells also impacts the possibility of the most probable path of emergence of protocells on the Earth or elsewhere. We also examine the quantum entangled logic gates discovered in the modelled systems composed of two prebiotic kernels. Such logic gates may have application in the destruction of cancer cells or becoming building blocks of new forms of artificial cells including magnetically active ones.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astronomy, Vilnius University, A. Gostauto 12, Vilnius, Lithuania.
authors.forename: Arvydas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tamulis
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Ullernchausseen 70, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Mantas
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grigalavicius
keywords: Electron density transfer; Electron spin density transfer; Molecular quantum entangled logical gates; Photosynthesis in prebiotic kernels; Photosynthetic minimal cell; Photosynthetic prebiotic kernel; Quantum entangled molecular orbitals; Quantum entangled photosynthesis; Quantum entanglement in systems composed of two prebiotic kernels; Quantum self-assembly of prebiotic kernel