title: Engineered protein nanoparticles for in vivo tumor detection.
abstract: Two different protein nanoparticles that are totally different in shape and surface structure, i.e. Escherichia coli DNA-binding protein (eDPS) (spherical, 10 nm) and Thermoplasma acidophilum proteasome (tPTS) (cylindrical, 12 × 15 nm) were engineered for in vivo optical tumor detection: arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) peptide (CDCRGDCFC) was genetically inserted to the surface of each protein nanoparticle, and also near-infrared fluorescence dye was chemically linked to the surface lysine residues. The specific affinity of RGD for integrin (αvβ3) facilitated the uptake of RGD-presenting protein nanoparticles by integrin-expressing tumor cells, and also the protein nanoparticles neither adversely affected cell viability nor induced cell damage. After intravenously injected to tumor-bearing mice, all the protein nanoparticles successfully reached tumor with negligible renal clearance, and then the surface RGD peptides caused more prolonged retention of protein nanoparticles in tumor and accordingly higher fluorescence intensity of tumor image. In particular, the fluorescence of tumor image was more intensive with tPTS than eDPS, which is due presumably to longer in vivo half-life and circulation of tPTS that originates from thermophilic and acidophilic bacterium. Although eDPS and tPTS were used as proof-of-concept in this study, it seems that other protein nanoparticles with different size, shape, and surface structure can be applied to effective in vivo tumor detection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Anam-Dong 5-1, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Keum-Young
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1 Hawolgok-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ho Kyung
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Anam-Dong 5-1, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Bo-Ram
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Anam-Dong 5-1, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Jung
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Anam-Dong 5-1, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jong-Hwan
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Youngro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Byun
authors.affiliation: Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1 Hawolgok-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ick Chan
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1 Hawolgok-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: kim@kist.re.kr.
authors.forename: Kwangmeyung
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Anam-Dong 5-1, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: leejw@korea.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jeewon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008819:Mice, Nude; D008958:Models, Molecular; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000378:metabolism*; D015202:Protein Engineering; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared; D040521:Subcutaneous Tissue / Q000187:drug effects; D013822:Thermoplasma / Q000378:metabolism; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex
keywords: Optical imaging; Protein nanoparticles; Surface engineering; Tumor detection