title: Polonium-210 and Caesium-137 in lynx (Lynx lynx), wolverine (Gulo gulo) and wolves (Canis lupus).
abstract: Wolves, lynx and wolverines are on the top of the food-chain in northern Scandinavia and Finland. (210)Po and (137)Cs have been analysed in samples of liver, kidney and muscle from 28 wolves from Sweden. In addition blood samples were taken from 27 wolves. In 9 of the wolves, samples of muscle, liver and blood were analysed for (210)Po. Samples of liver and muscle were collected from 16 lynx and 16 wolverines from Norway. The liver samples were analysed for (210)Po and (137)Cs. Only (137)Cs analyses were carried out for the muscle samples. The wolves were collected during the winter 2010 and 2011, while the samples for lynx and wolverines were all from 2011. The activity concentrations of (210)Po in wolves were higher for liver (range 20-523 Bq kg(-1) d.w.) and kidney (range 24-942 Bq kg(-1) d.w.) than muscle (range 1-43 Bq kg(-1) d.w.) and blood (range 2-54 Bq kg(-1) d.w.). Activity ratios, (210)Po/(210)Pb, in wolf samples of muscle, liver and blood were in the ranges 2-77, 9-56 and 2-54. Using a wet weight ratio of 3.8 the maximal absorbed dose from (210)Po to wolf liver was estimated to 3500 μGy per year. Compared to wolf, the ranges of (210)Po in liver samples were lower in lynx (range 22-211 Bq kg(-1) d.w.) and wolverine (range16-160 Bq kg(-1) d.w.). Concentration of (137)Cs in wolf samples of muscle, liver, kidney and blood were in the ranges 70-8410 Bq kg(-1) d.w., 36-4050 Bq kg(-1) d.w., 31-3453 Bq kg(-1) d.w. and 4-959 Bq kg(-1) d.w., respectively. (137)Cs in lynx muscle and liver samples were in the ranges 44-13393 Bq kg(-1) d.w. and 125-10260 Bq kg(-1) d.w. The corresponding values for (137)Cs in wolverine were 22-3405 Bq kg(-1) d.w. for liver and 53-4780 Bq kg(-1) d.w. for muscle. The maximal absorbed dose from (137)Cs to lynx was estimated to 3000 μGy per year.
authors.affiliation: Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority, PO Box 55, NO-1332 Østerås, Norway. Electronic address: Runhild.Gjelsvik@nrpa.no.
authors.forename: Runhild
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gjelsvik
authors.affiliation: Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority, PO Box 55, NO-1332 Østerås, Norway.
authors.forename: Elis
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Holm
authors.affiliation: Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, PO Box 5685 Sluppen, NO-7485 Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: John Atle
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kålås
authors.affiliation: Lund University, Medical radiation physics, Barngatan 2, SE-22185 Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Bertil
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Persson
authors.affiliation: National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Asbrink
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002586:Cesium / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D002588:Cesium Radioisotopes / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005387:Finland; D046008:Lynx / Q000378:metabolism; D045969:Mustelidae / Q000378:metabolism; D009664:Norway; D011059:Polonium / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D011834:Radiation Monitoring; D011848:Radioactive Pollutants / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D013548:Sweden; D019596:Wolves / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002588:Cesium Radioisotopes; D011848:Radioactive Pollutants; D002586:Cesium; D011059:Polonium
keywords: Caesium-137; Doses; Lynx; Polonium-210; Wolf; Wolverine