title: Metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease in an adult Korean population: results from the Korean National Health Screening.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study was aimed to examine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), and the association between MS and its components with CKD in Korea.
  
  
  METHODS
  We excluded diabetes to appreciate the real impact of MS and performed a cross-sectional study using the general health screening data of 10,253,085 (48.86 ± 13.83 years, men 56.18%) participants (age, ≥ 20 years) from the Korean National Health Screening 2011. CKD was defined as dipstick proteinuria ≥ 1 or an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 ml/min/1.73 m(2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of CKD was 6.15% (men, 5.37%; women, 7.15%). Further, 22.25% study population had MS (abdominal obesity, 27.98%; hypertriglyceridemia, 30.09%; low high-density cholesterol levels, 19.74%; high blood pressure, 43.45%; and high fasting glucose levels, 30.44%). Multivariate-adjusted analysis indicated that proteinuria risk increased in participants with MS (odds ratio [OR] 1.884, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.867-1.902, P<0.001). The presence of MS was associated with eGFR<60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) (OR 1.364, 95% CI 1.355-1.373, P<0.001). MS individual components were also associated with an increased CKD risk. The strength of association between MS and the development of CKD increase as the number of components increased from 1 to 5. In sub-analysis by men and women, MS and its each components were a significant determinant for CKD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MS and its individual components can predict the risk of prevalent CKD for men and women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Yong Un
authors.initials: YU
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Ha Yeon
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Joon Seok
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Chang Seong
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Hui
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Seong Kwon
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Soo Wan
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012307:Risk Factors