title: Gender differences in the clustering patterns of risk behaviours associated with non-communicable diseases in Brazilian adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to investigate gender differences in the clustering of risk behaviours associated with chronic non-communicable diseases in Brazilian adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2011 comprising 6529 adolescents aged 15-19years from Santa Catarina State, Brazil. Excessive screen-time, insufficient moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), low fruit/vegetable intake and consumption of alcohol were investigated. Poisson regression was performed in the analysis of sociodemographic factors associated with the clustering of three or more risk behaviours.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Girls presented with higher insufficient MVPA (76.3%), while boys presented with lower fruit or vegetable intake (53.0%) and greater consumption of alcohol (40.8%). A total of 21.2% of the teenagers had one risk behaviour, 37.3% had two, 28.5% had three, and 8.0% had all of the measured risk behaviours. Adolescents who did not work and boys who lived in urban areas exhibited more risk behaviours, whereas girls aged 17-19years old and boys who had mothers with ≥12years of study exhibited fewer risk behaviours.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was a difference between genders for individual risk behaviours, and a high degree of clustering in both genders. Prevention programs could focus on these behaviours in order to reduce negative health outcomes in adolescents.
authors.affiliation: Research Centre in Physical Activity and Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil. Electronic address: kelly.samara@ufsc.br.
authors.forename: Kelly Samara
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Research Centre in Physical Activity and Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil. Electronic address: valtercbf@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Valter Cordeiro
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Barbosa Filho
authors.affiliation: Research Centre in Physical Activity and Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil. Electronic address: gfdelduca@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Giovâni Firpo
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Del Duca
authors.affiliation: Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, School of Dentistry, University of Adelaide, Australia. Electronic address: marco.peres@adelaide.edu.au.
authors.forename: Marco Aurélio
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: de Anselmo Peres
authors.affiliation: Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. Electronic address: jmota@fade.up.pt.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mota
authors.affiliation: Research Centre in Physical Activity and Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil. Electronic address: adair.lopes@ufsc.br.
authors.forename: Adair da Silva
authors.initials: Ada S
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.affiliation: Research Centre in Physical Activity and Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil. Electronic address: markus.nahas@ufsc.br.
authors.forename: Markus Vinicius
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Nahas
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004651:Employment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012309:Risk-Taking; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Brazil; Chronic diseases; Clustering; Consumption of alcohol; Fruit intake; Physical inactivity; Risk behaviour; Sedentary behaviour; Students; Youth