title: YouTube as a tool for pain management with informal caregivers of cancer patients: a systematic review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cancer caregivers have information and support needs, especially about cancer pain management. With high Internet use reported among caregivers, YouTube may be an accessible option when looking for information on cancer pain management.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to explore the availability and characteristics of instructional cancer pain management videos on YouTube and determine to what extent these videos addressed the role of informal caregivers in cancer pain management.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic review of videos on YouTube resulting from search terms "pain and cancer," "pain and hospice," and "pain and palliative care" was conducted in May 2013. If the video addressed pain management, was in English, and was instructional, it was coded for the scope and design of instructional content that included caregivers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The search terms yielded 1118 unique videos, and 43 videos met the inclusion criteria. Overall, 63% of videos were viewed 500 times or less, and half of the videos received "like" ratings by viewers. Video instruction was primarily talk without any onscreen action (65%), user-generated amateur video (79%), and had poor quality sources of information. Videos were mainly clinician centered (77%). Although most videos addressed the need for caregiver pain assessment (35%) and caregiver education (23%), few actually addressed specific caregiver pain management barriers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most videos were primarily directed toward a clinical audience. Future research is necessary to determine if the platform is feasible and beneficial as a support tool for oncology caregivers.
authors.affiliation: City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California. Electronic address: elyles@coh.org.
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wittenberg-Lyles
authors.affiliation: Curtis W. and Ann H. Long Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.
authors.forename: Debra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Parker Oliver
authors.affiliation: Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Systems, School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Demiris
authors.affiliation: Curtis W. and Ann H. Long Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Swarz
authors.affiliation: Curtis W. and Ann H. Long Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rendo
mesh_terms: D017028:Caregivers / Q000193:education*; D006266:Health Education / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D010146:Pain / Q000503:physiopathology; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods*; D014741:Video Recording
keywords: Instructional films and videos; cancer; caregivers; pain management