title: Prophenoloxidase system, lysozyme and protease inhibitor distribution in the common cuttlefish Sepia officinalis.
abstract: The immune system of cephalopods remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to determine the specific activity of immune enzymes in epithelial barriers, circulatory and digestive systems of the common cuttlefish Sepia officinalis. Three enzyme groups with putative functions in immunity were investigated: phenoloxidases (POs), lysozymes and protease inhibitors (PIs). Consistent with a role in immunity, highest PO activities were found in the integument as well as the respiratory and circulatory organs under zymogenic (proPO) and active form. Surprisingly, high PO activities were also found in the digestive gland and its appendages. Similarly, high lysozyme activities were detected in the integument and circulatory organs, but also in the posterior salivary glands, highlighting the implication of this antibacterial enzyme group in most tissues exposed to the environment but also within the circulatory system. Albeit highest in digestive organs, the ubiquitous detection of PI activity in assayed compartments suggests immune function(s) in a wide range of tissues. Our study reports proPO/PO, lysozyme and PI distributions in S. officinalis body compartments for the first time, and thus provides the fundamental basis for a better understanding of the humoral immune system in cephalopods as well as invertebrates.
authors.affiliation: Normandie Université, F-14032 Caen, France; UMR BOREA, MNHN, UPMC, UCBN, CNRS-7028, IRD-207, IBFA Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Esplanade de la Paix, CS 14032, 14032 Caen Cedex, France; Centre de Recherches en Environnement Côtier, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, 54 rue du Docteur Charcot, 14530 Luc-sur-Mer, France. Electronic address: charles.lepabic@gmx.fr.
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Le Pabic
authors.affiliation: Normandie Université, F-14032 Caen, France; UMR BOREA, MNHN, UPMC, UCBN, CNRS-7028, IRD-207, IBFA Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Esplanade de la Paix, CS 14032, 14032 Caen Cedex, France; Centre de Recherches en Environnement Côtier, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, 54 rue du Docteur Charcot, 14530 Luc-sur-Mer, France.
authors.forename: Georges
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Safi
authors.affiliation: Normandie Université, F-14032 Caen, France; UMR BOREA, MNHN, UPMC, UCBN, CNRS-7028, IRD-207, IBFA Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Esplanade de la Paix, CS 14032, 14032 Caen Cedex, France; Centre de Recherches en Environnement Côtier, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, 54 rue du Docteur Charcot, 14530 Luc-sur-Mer, France.
authors.forename: Antoine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Serpentini
authors.affiliation: Normandie Université, F-14032 Caen, France; UMR BOREA, MNHN, UPMC, UCBN, CNRS-7028, IRD-207, IBFA Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Esplanade de la Paix, CS 14032, 14032 Caen Cedex, France; Centre de Recherches en Environnement Côtier, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, 54 rue du Docteur Charcot, 14530 Luc-sur-Mer, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Marc
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lebel
authors.affiliation: Normandie Université, F-14032 Caen, France; UMR BOREA, MNHN, UPMC, UCBN, CNRS-7028, IRD-207, IBFA Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Esplanade de la Paix, CS 14032, 14032 Caen Cedex, France; Centre de Recherches en Environnement Côtier, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, 54 rue du Docteur Charcot, 14530 Luc-sur-Mer, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Paul
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Robin
authors.affiliation: Normandie Université, F-14032 Caen, France; UMR BOREA, MNHN, UPMC, UCBN, CNRS-7028, IRD-207, IBFA Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Esplanade de la Paix, CS 14032, 14032 Caen Cedex, France; Centre de Recherches en Environnement Côtier, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, 54 rue du Docteur Charcot, 14530 Luc-sur-Mer, France.
authors.forename: Noussithé
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Koueta
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004156:Catechol Oxidase / Q000378:metabolism*; D004792:Enzyme Precursors / Q000378:metabolism*; D009113:Muramidase / Q000378:metabolism*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D049833:Sepia / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004792:Enzyme Precursors; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; C038451:pro-phenoloxidase; D004156:Catechol Oxidase; D009113:Muramidase
keywords: Immune system; Lysozymes; Prophenoloxidase system; Protease inhibitors; Sepia officinalis