title: Exopolysaccharides from lactic acid bacteria: structural analysis, molecular weight effect on immunomodulation.
abstract: Exopolysaccharides (EPS) obtained from the culture medium of Lactobacillus confusus TISTR 1498 were investigated to determine their molecular characteristics and the effect of molecular weight (Mw) on immunomodulatory activity. The EPS mainly consisted of carbohydrates (81.9±2.4%) with only one type of monosaccharide, D-glucose, which was mostly connected by α-(1→6) glycosidic linkages. The EPS itself was unable to stimulate RAW264.7 cells to produce pro-inflammatory mediator nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines. However, considerable stimulation of RAW264.7 cells was observed by the low Mw of EPSs having Mw values≤70×10(3)g/mol. The partially hydrolyzed EPS stimulated RAW264.7 cells to induce considerable NO and various cytokine production such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 via up-regulation of their mRNA expression. In addition, the degradation Iκ-B and the phosphorylation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) were facilitated by BW-30 and MW-40, suggesting that the partially hydrolyzed EPS stimulated RAW264.7 cells through the activation of NF-κB and JNK pathways.
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 120 Gangneungdaehangno, Gangneung, Gangwon 210-702, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Utoomporn
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Surayot
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi 712100, China.
authors.forename: Jianguo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand.
authors.forename: Phisit
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Seesuriyachan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand.
authors.forename: Ampin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kuntiya
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 120 Gangneungdaehangno, Gangneung, Gangwon 210-702, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tabarsa
authors.affiliation: Chuncheon Bioindustry Foundation, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200-957, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: YongJin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-702, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jin-Kyung
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 120 Gangneungdaehangno, Gangneung, Gangwon 210-702, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: WooJung
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 120 Gangneungdaehangno, Gangneung, Gangwon 210-702, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: umyousg@gwnu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: SangGuan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: You
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D066241:Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D002460:Cell Line; D002850:Chromatography, Gel; D006027:Glycosides / Q000378:metabolism; D006868:Hydrolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D056747:Immunomodulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D019344:Lactic Acid; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D008970:Molecular Weight; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D066244:Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
chemical_list: D006027:Glycosides; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019344:Lactic Acid; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
keywords: Exopolysaccharide; Hydrolysis; Immunomodulation; Lactobacillus confusus TISTR 1498; Molecular characteristics