title: Oral chondroprotection with nutraceuticals made of chondroitin sulphate plus glucosamine sulphate in osteoarthritis.
abstract: Oral supplementation of chondroitin sulphate plus glucosamine helps repair the articular surface in osteoarthritis. Chondroitin-S reduces the concentration of the pro-inflammatory cytokines and transcription factor involved in inflammation. GlcN.S enhances cartilage specific matrix components and prevents collagen degeneration in chondrocytes by inhibiting hydrolytic enzymes, and preventing the oxidation of lipids and proteins. Chondroitin-S plus GlcN.S are slow-acting drugs that alleviate pain and partly restore joint function in OA patients. Orally administered pharmaceutical-grade chondroitin-S plus GlcN.S stabilize the joint space narrowing and significantly decrease the number of patients with new erosive OA. They are safe and no adverse events have ever been reported; they are recommended by EULAR and OARSI. The cost/effectiveness of the oral chondroitin-S plus GlcN.S therapy derives from the reduction of costs for physiotherapy, and for gastroprotective and non-steroidal drugs. The synergistic association of these two world-widely preferred nutraceuticals is a step forward in the management of OA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Tronto 10-A, IT-60126 Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bottegoni
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Tronto 10-A, IT-60126 Ancona, Italy. Electronic address: muzzarelli.raa@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Riccardo A A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Muzzarelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Tronto 10-A, IT-60126 Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Giovannini
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Tronto 10-A, IT-60126 Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Busilacchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Tronto 10-A, IT-60126 Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gigante
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002356:Cartilage / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005944:Glucosamine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006801:Humans; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates; D005944:Glucosamine
keywords: Chondroitin sulphate; Nutraceuticals; Oral chondroprotection; Osteoarthritis; d-Glucosamine