title: Riboflavin intake and 5-year blood pressure change in Chinese adults: interaction with hypertensive medication.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  One previous large cross-sectional study across four countries suggests that riboflavin intake may be inversely associated with blood pressure.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this analysis was to investigate a possible association between riboflavin intake and change in blood pressure over 5 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population comprised Chinese men and women who participated in the Jiangsu Nutrition Study. Quantitative data relating to riboflavin intake at baseline in 2002 and measurements of blood pressure at baseline and follow-up in 2007 were available for 1,227 individuals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 97.2% of the participants had inadequate riboflavin intake (below the Estimated Average Requirement). In multivariable analysis adjusted for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors and dietary patterns, a higher riboflavin intake was inversely associated with change in systolic blood pressure (p = .036). In participants taking antihypertensive medication at baseline, the relationship between riboflavin intake and systolic blood pressure persisted; whereas, in those not taking antihypertensive medication, the diastolic blood pressure was less likely to increase with the increasing intake of riboflavin (p = .031). There was a three-way interaction between antihypertensive medications, body mass index, and riboflavin intake. Among those who were obese and taking antihypertensive medication, a higher riboflavin intake was associated with a smaller increment in systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are complex interactions between riboflavin intake and blood pressure change that depend on prior antihypertensive use and the presence or absence of obesity.
authors.forename: Zumin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Baojun
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Anne W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Shiqi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhen
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zuo
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Gary A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Wittert
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002681:China; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D018565:Food-Drug Interactions / Q000502:physiology*; D006306:Health Surveys / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications; D012256:Riboflavin / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D012256:Riboflavin