title: Perfluorocarbon liquid: its application in vitreoretinal surgery and related ocular inflammation.
abstract: The application of perfluorocarbon liquids has been well acclaimed in vitreoretinal surgery. Its unique physical properties make it an ideal intraoperative tool to improve the efficiency and safety of surgical procedures in complicated cases. The main functions of perfluorocarbon liquids in vitreoretinal surgery include relocating and fixing the detached retina, displacing the subretinal and subchoroidal to fluid anteriorly, revealing proliferative vitreous retinopathy (PVR) for further maneuvers, protecting the macula from exposure to chemicals with potential toxicity, and assisting the removal of foreign body. The related clinical applications include retinal detachment with severe proliferative vitreoretinopathy, giant tear, diabetic retinopathy (DR), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and posterior dislocated crystalline and intraocular lenses. The application of perfluorocarbon liquids has been expended over the past fewer years. Several PFCLs related ocular inflammations have been observed in in vitro studies, animal studies, and clinical follow-up. The complete removal of PFCLs is recommended at the end of the surgery in most cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, No. 100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200080, China ; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, Shanghai 200080, China.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, No. 100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200080, China ; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, Shanghai 200080, China.
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, No. 100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200080, China ; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, Shanghai 200080, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, No. 100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200080, China ; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, Shanghai 200080, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, No. 100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200080, China ; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, Shanghai 200080, China.
authors.forename: Xun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011292:Premedication / Q000379:methods*; D012163:Retinal Detachment / Q000628:therapy*; D012173:Retinitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012996:Solutions; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D057586:Vitreoretinal Surgery / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D005466:Fluorocarbons; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D012996:Solutions