title: Combined effect between CHRNB3-CHRNA6 region gene variant (rs6474412) and smoking in psoriasis vulgaris severity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many factors associated with causing psoriasis have been reported, such as the genetic and environmental factors. Smoking is one of the well-established environmental risk factors for psoriasis and also associated with the disease severity. In addition, several studies of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis have documented gene-environment interactions involving smoking behavior. Although gene polymorphisms on nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits CHRNB3-CHRNA6 region gene have been found to correlate with smoking behavior and lung cancer susceptibility in Chinese Han population, the combined effect between the smoking-related genetic variants and smoking behavior on psoriasis vulgaris (PV) has been unreported.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the combined effect of the smoking-related (rs6474412-C/T) polymorphism on CHRNB3-CHRNA6 region gene and smoking behavior on PV risk and clinic traits in Chinese Han population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A hospital-based case-control study including 672 subjects (355 PV cases and 317 controls) was conducted. The variant of rs6474412 was typed by SNaPshot Multiplex Kit (Applied Biosystems Co., USA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The higher body mass index (BMI≥25), smoking behavior and alcohol consumption were risk factors for PV, and the estimated ORs were 1.55 (95% CI, 1.09-2.29), 1.74 (95% CI, 1.22-2.49) and 1.81 (95% CI, 1.25-2.62) respectively. The smoking patients had more severe conditions than non-smokers (OR=1.71, 95% CI, 1.08-2.70, P=0.020). The alleles and genotypes of rs6474412 were not associated with risk of PV, but the combined effect of rs6474412 genotype (TT) and smoking behavior increased severity of PV (OR=5.95; 95% CI, 1.39-25.31; P<0.05; adjusted OR=2.20; 95% CI, 1.55-3.14; P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results demonstrate that the combined effect of rs6474412-C/T polymorphism in smoking-related CHRNB3-CHRNA6 region gene and smoking behavior may not confer risk to PV, but may have impact on PV severity in Chinese Han population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China. Electronic address: zhukunju1111@163.com.
authors.forename: Kun-Ju
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Quan
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China.
authors.forename: Chi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Zhong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Huan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Shi-Jie
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Cheng-Yao
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Ge
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China.
authors.forename: Ke-Shen
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Yi-Ming
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Fan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China; D018450:Disease Progression; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005260:Female; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011565:Psoriasis / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000235:genetics*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C470410:CHRNA6 protein, human; C539371:CHRNB3 protein, human; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic
keywords: CHRNB3–CHRNA6 region gene variant; Combined effect; Psoriasis vulgaris; Smoking