title: Prevalence of renal stones in Andalusian population: results of PreLiRenA study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Urolithiasis is a disease having a high recurrence rate and associated morbidity. A not well quantified increase is being seen in recent years that could be related with various factors. The main purpose of our study has been to estimate urolithiasis prevalence and incidence in the region of Andalusia, determining which factors are associated.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed an observational and cross-sectional study. Using a multistage randomized procedure, we selected a sample of 2439 subjects, aging from 40 to 65 years old, who currently lived in Andalusia. Data was collected through phone interviews, questioning the chosen subjects about their kidney stones history, comorbidity and socio-demographic characteristics. We conducted a descriptive, bivariate and multivariate analysis with logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 2439 subjects were surveyed. Subjects had mean age of 51.1±7.61 years - standard deviation; (95% confidence interval - 95% CI: 50.70-51.30), 48.7% of whom were male. Prevalence of urolithiasis obtained was 16.4% (95% CI: 14.87-17.85%) and an incidence of 1.2 (95% CI: .74-1.64). Variables significantly associated with the presence of urolithiasis found in the multivariate study were: presence of a family history of kidney stones (odds ratio -OR: 1.91; 95% CI: 1.51-2.40, P<.001), hypertension (OR:1.58; 95% CI:1.24-2.02; P<.001), gout (OR:1.98; 95% CI: 1.26-3,12; P=.003) and a high BMI (OR: 1.60; 95% CI 1.19-2.17; p=.008).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A significant increase in the prevalence and incidence of urolithiasis is observed in the environment in regards to the previously available figures. The presence of a family history of urolithiasis, hypertension, gout as well as having a high BMI could influence the observed epidemiological changes in renal lithiasis.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Urología, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, España. Electronic address: rcanocastineira@gmail.com.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cano-Castiñeira
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Urología, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, España.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carrasco-Valiente
authors.affiliation: Unidad Docente de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria de Córdoba, Distrito Sanitario Córdoba-Guadalquivir, Instituto Maimónides de investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, España.
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Pérula-de-Torres
authors.affiliation: Unidad Docente de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria de Córdoba, Distrito Sanitario Córdoba-Guadalquivir, Instituto Maimónides de investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, España.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jiménez-García
authors.affiliation: Unidad Docente de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria de Córdoba, Distrito Sanitario Córdoba-Guadalquivir, Instituto Maimónides de investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, España.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Olaya-Caro
authors.affiliation: Unidad Docente de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria de Córdoba, Distrito Sanitario Córdoba-Guadalquivir, Instituto Maimónides de investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, España.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Criado-Larumbe
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Urología, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, España.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Requena-Tapia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Incidence; Incidencia; Litiasis renal; Prevalence; Prevalencia; Urolithiasis