title: Can paraoxonase 1 polymorphisms (L55 M and Q192 R) protect children with type 1 diabetes against lipid abnormalities?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Only a few studies have focused on the possible modulatory role of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) polymorphisms in lipid profiles, especially in children and in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We propose to study the association between PON1 polymorphisms (PON1-55 and PON1-192) and a lipid profile in a young Tunisian population with T1D.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study compared 122 children and adolescents with T1D with 97 controls. Genomic DNA was collected from 116 patients and 91 controls. Lipid parameters were determined by automated methods. PON1 activity was measured by a spectrophotometric method and genotyping of the PON1 gene was assessed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment-length polymorphism.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant increase in total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein B (ApoB), and lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) and a significant decrease in apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), ApoA1/ApoB ratio, and PON1 activity/HDL-C ratio were observed in children with T1D compared with controls. In the LLQR haplotype, the group with diabetes showed significantly higher values of total cholesterol, LDL-C, apoB, Lp(a), and apoA1/apoB ratio compared with the control group. Those with diabetes with the LLQQ haplotype showed a significant decrease in LDL-C and Lp(a) compared with controls (P < .0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PON1 polymorphisms (PON1-55 and PON1-192) seem to be involved in the altering the lipid profile in T1D. The LLQR haplotype provided an atherogenic lipid profile in children with T1D compared with controls. LLQQ haplotype seemed to have a protective effect against the increase in LDL-C and Lp(a) that are heavily involved in the development of cardiovascular diseases.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Monastir University Hospital, Monastir 5000, Tunisia. Electronic address: onsfkih@yahoo.fr.
authors.forename: Ons
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Fekih
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Monastir University Hospital, Monastir 5000, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Triki
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Monastir University Hospital, Monastir 5000, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Ilhem
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hellara
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Monastir University Hospital, Monastir 5000, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Fadoua
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Neffati
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry Department, Sahloul University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Jihen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rejeb
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry Department, Sahloul University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Asma
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ommezzine
authors.affiliation: Paediatric Department, Fattouma Bourguiba Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Slaheddine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chouchane
authors.affiliation: Paediatric Department, Fattouma Bourguiba Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Mohamed Neji
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Guediche
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry Department, Sahloul University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bouslama
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Monastir University Hospital, Monastir 5000, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Mohamed Fadhel
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Najjar
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001053:Apolipoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D052439:Lipid Metabolism Disorders / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D014416:Tunisia; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001053:Apolipoproteins; D002784:Cholesterol; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase
keywords: Cardiovascular risk; Lipid disorders; Paraoxonase 1 activity; Paraoxonase 1 polymorphisms; Type 1 diabetes