title: Death due to fulminant neuroleptic malignant syndrome induced by low doses of haloperidol: a rare case.
abstract: The paper reports on a rare case of fulminant neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) with several risk factors, typical manifestation and rapid death induced by low doses of haloperidol. The pathological findings, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria, risk factors and other features of NMS are discussed. The importance of forensic pathologists being aware of the possibility of NMS as the cause of death in people taking antipsychotic drugs is stressed.
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, 1347 West Guangfu Road, Shanghai 200063, PR China. Electronic address: donghuazouifs@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Donghua
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, 1347 West Guangfu Road, Shanghai 200063, PR China. Electronic address: shaoyu1986@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, 1347 West Guangfu Road, Shanghai 200063, PR China. Electronic address: qinzhiqiangifs@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Zhiqiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, 1347 West Guangfu Road, Shanghai 200063, PR China. Electronic address: zhangjianhuaifs@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jianhua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, 1347 West Guangfu Road, Shanghai 200063, PR China. Electronic address: liuningguoifs@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ningguo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, 1347 West Guangfu Road, Shanghai 200063, PR China. Electronic address: zhengdongliifs@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Zhengdong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, 1347 West Guangfu Road, Shanghai 200063, PR China. Electronic address: huangpingifs@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, 1347 West Guangfu Road, Shanghai 200063, PR China. Electronic address: yijiuchen@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Yijiu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000032:analysis; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006220:Haloperidol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007964:Leukocytosis / Q000139:chemically induced; D008297:Male; D009459:Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy; D013610:Tachycardia / Q000139:chemically induced; D014927:Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome / Q000139:chemically induced
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D003404:Creatinine; D006220:Haloperidol
keywords: Death; Forensic pathology; Haloperidol; Low dose; Neuroleptic malignant syndrome