title: Health worker performance in rural health organizations in low- and middle-income countries: do organizational factors predict non-task performance?
abstract: Health worker (HW) performance is a critical issue facing many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The aim of this study was to test the effects of factors in the work environment, such as organizational culture and climate, on HW non-task performance in rural health work settings in a LMIC. The data for the study is from a sample of 963 HWs from rural health centres (HCs) in 16 of the 20 provinces in Papua New Guinea. The reliability and validity of measures for organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB), counterproductive work behaviour (CWB) and work climate (WC) were tested. Multilevel linear regression models were used to test the relationship of individual and HC level factors with non-task performance. The survey found that 62 per cent of HCs practised OCB "often to always" and 5 percent practised CWB "often to always". Multilevel analysis revealed that WC had a positive effect on organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) and a negative effect on CWB. The mediation analyses provided evidence that the relationship between WC and OCB was mediated through CWB. Human resource policies that improve WC in rural health settings would increase positive non-task behaviour and improve the motivation and performance of HWs in rural settings in LMICs.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. Electronic address: r.jayasuriya@unsw.edu.au.
authors.forename: Rohan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jayasuriya
authors.affiliation: Research Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
authors.forename: Upali W
authors.initials: UW
authors.lastname: Jayasinghe
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003906:Developing Countries; D005260:Female; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D055361:Multilevel Analysis; D009512:New Guinea; D015279:Organizational Culture; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D019035:Rural Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D012931:Social Environment; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D014937:Work / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
keywords: Counterproductive work behaviour; No-task performance; Organizational citizenship behaviour; Papua new Guinea; Rural health centres; Rural health workers; Work climate