title: Quantifying the bioadhesive properties of surface-modified polyurethane-urea nanoparticles in the vascular network.
abstract: Nanomedicine research is currently requiring new standard methods to quantify the biocompatibility and bioadhesivity of emerging biomaterials designed to be used in contact with blood or soft tissues. In this study, we used biotinylated polyurethane-urea nanoparticles as a model to examine the applicabitility of an adapted hemagglutination assay to quantify the bioadhesive potential of these nanoparticles to red blood cells and, in turn, to extrapolate this data to vascular endothelial cells. We demonstrated that biotinylated nanoparticles adsorb to human erythrocytes and preferentially gather in erythrocyte contact areas. Moreover, these nanoparticles promoted a higher percentage of pig and human erythrocyte agglutination than naked polyurethane-urea nanoparticles in a biotin concentration-dependent manner. Conversely, pegylated nanoparticles were used as a negative control of the technique thus showing decreasing hemagglutination values as compared to naked nanoparticles until a minimum threshold. Furthermore, hemagglutination assay demonstrated an excellent positive correlation with bioadhesion quantification in human endothelial cells and the endothelial layer of pig aorta thus validating the hemagglutination assay described here as a useful method for predicting nanoparticle bioadhesivity to vascular endothelium. Therefore, the methodology described here is a versatile and straightforward method that allows evaluating the bioadhesive features of surface-modified polyurethane-urea nanoparticles in contact with blood and the vascular network and appears as a powerful tool to better design any drug delivery systems or implantable devices for biomedical applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Av Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Melgar-Lesmes
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Av Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Genoveva
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Morral-Ruíz
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Nanotechnology, IQAC-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Conxita
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Solans
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Av Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: mjgarcia@ub.edu.
authors.forename: María José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: García-Celma
mesh_terms: D000268:Adhesiveness / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D019921:Biotinylation / Q000187:drug effects; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D048429:Cell Size / Q000187:drug effects; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D006384:Hemagglutination / Q000187:drug effects; D006386:Hemagglutination Tests; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009895:Opsonin Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011140:Polyurethanes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D034421:Sus scrofa
chemical_list: D009895:Opsonin Proteins; D011140:Polyurethanes; C044690:polyetherurethane urea
keywords: Bioadhesion; Hemagglutination; Nanoparticles; Nanotechnology; Polyurethane