title: Activity of Plumbago zeylanica Linn. root and Holoptelea integrifolia Roxb. bark pastes in acute and chronic paw inflammation in Wistar rat.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The pastes prepared from roots of Plumbago zeylanica Linn. and barks of Holoptelea integrifolia Roxb. are widely used by traditional healers for the treatment of arthritis in rural northern Karnataka.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study was undertaken to scientifically evaluate the safety and efficacy of traditionally used formulations in experimental animals.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study, approved by IAEC was carried out in male Wistar rats and dermal toxicity in rabbits. Carrageenan model was used to assess effect on acute inflammation. Paw volume were measured at 1, 2, 4, and 6(th) hour postchallenge. Chronic inflammation was developed by using Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA). Paw volume, ankle joint circumference, and body weight were assessed on 1(st), 4(th), 8(th), 14(th), 17(th), and 21(st) day. Paste was applied once every day to the inflamed area of the paw of respective groups of animals, continuously for 14 days.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data were analyzed by one way analysis of variance followed by Dunnett's post hoc test. P ≤ 0.05 was considered as significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The formulations did not show any dermal toxicity and found to be safe. Both the pastes significantly (P < 0.05) suppressed, carrageenan-induced paw edema at 6(th) hour and Holoptelea integrifolia appears to be more effective than Plumbago zeylanica. Significant reduction was observed in paw volume, ankle joint circumference and animal body weight gained.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The tested formulations (P. zeylanica root and H. integrifolia bark pastes) showed significant antiinflammatory activity. The present findings therefore support its utility in arthritic pain, inflammation and the claim of traditional practitioners.
authors.affiliation: Regional Medical Research Centre (ICMR), Belgaum, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Dushyant
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Regional Medical Research Centre (ICMR), Belgaum, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Kuntal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ganguly
authors.affiliation: Regional Medical Research Centre (ICMR), Belgaum, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: H V
authors.initials: HV
authors.lastname: Hegde
authors.affiliation: Universiti Sains Malaysia-Karnatak Lingayat Education Society, Belgaum, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Patil
authors.affiliation: Regional Medical Research Centre (ICMR), Belgaum, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Subarna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.affiliation: Regional Medical Research Centre (ICMR), Belgaum, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Kholkute
keywords: Arthritis; Holoptelea integrifolia; Plumbago zeylanica; traditional formulation