title: [Pain assessment of tracheal suctioning on brain injury patients by pain behavioral indicator scale (ESCID)].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess pain response on patients with moderate to severe head injury before a common nursing procedure: tracheal suctioning.
  
  
  METHODS
  An observational longitudinal pilot study with consecutive sampling performed from September to December of 2012. Pain was assessed by a pain behavioral indicator scale 5 minutes before, meanwhile and 15 minutes after tracheal suctioning the days 1, 3 and 6 of their intensive care unit (ICU) stay, as well as a non-painful procedure: rubbing with gauze the forearm of the patient. Pseudo-analgesia and hemodynamic variables were also recorded. Descriptive analysis of the variables, inferential statistics with t-student and Anova with SPSS 17.0; statistical tests were considered significant if the critical level observed was less than 5% (P<.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pain was assessed on 27 patients. 82% suffered from severe head trauma and 18% moderate. The average pain value during nursing procedure day 1 was 3, 18±2.6, day 3: 2, 59±2 and day 6: 3, 94±2.3. There was a significant increase in mean pain while performing suctioning during the three days of assessment (P<.05); however no significant differences between the average pain value on the three days of the assessment (P>.05) were shown. Data for the painless procedure were significantly different on day 6 (P<.05) CONCLUSION: During tracheal suctioning in patients with head injury in the first 6 days in the ICU, objective mild-moderate pain according to ESCID scale has been detected.
authors.affiliation: UCI de Trauma y Emergencias, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, España. Electronic address: candelas.lopez@salud.madrid.org.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: López-López
authors.affiliation: UCI de Trauma y Emergencias, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Murillo-Pérez
authors.affiliation: UCI de Trauma y Emergencias, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Morales-Sánchez
authors.affiliation: UCI de Trauma y Emergencias, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Torrente-Vela
authors.affiliation: UCI de Trauma y Emergencias, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Orejana-Martín
authors.affiliation: UCI de Trauma y Emergencias, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: García-Iglesias
authors.affiliation: UCI de Trauma y Emergencias, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cuenca-Solanas
authors.affiliation: UCI de Trauma y Emergencias, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Alted-López
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D012634:Bodily Secretions; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000451:nursing; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D013396:Suction / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014132:Trachea; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Enfermería; Evaluación del dolor; Nursing; Pain measurement; Succión; Suction; Traumatic brain injury; Traumatismo craneal