title: Urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (OH-PAH) metabolite concentrations and the effect of GST polymorphisms among US Air Force personnel exposed to jet fuel.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the association between inhalation exposure to jet propulsion fuel 8 (JP-8) and urinary metabolites among US Air Force (USAF) personnel, and investigate the role of glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Personal air samples were collected from 37 full-time USAF personnel during 4 consecutive workdays and analyzed for JP-8 constituents and total hydrocarbons. Pre- and postshift urine samples were collected each day and analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon urinary metabolites.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Work shift exposure to total hydrocarbons was significantly associated with postshift urinary 1-naphthol (β = 0.17; P = <0.0001), 2-naphthol (β = 0.09; P = 0.005), and 2-hydroxyfluorene concentrations (β = 0.08; P = 0.006), and a significant gene-environment interaction was observed with glutathione S-transferase mu-1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  USAF personnel experience inhalation exposure to JP-8, which is associated with absorption of JP-8 constituents while performing typical job-related tasks, and in our data the glutathione S-transferase mu-1 polymorphism was associated with differential metabolism of naphthalene.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Environmental Health (Drs Rodrigues and Smith), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston; Department of Environmental Health (Ms Maule and Drs Proctor and McClean), Boston University School of Public Health, Mass; Organic Analytical Toxicology Branch (Drs Sjodin and Li and Ms Romanoff), Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga; Department of Epidemiology (Dr Kelsey), Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI; Military Performance Division (Dr Proctor), US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick; and VA Boston Healthcare System (Dr Proctor), Mass.
authors.forename: Ema G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.forename: Kristen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Alexis L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Maule
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sjodin
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Lovisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Romanoff
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kelsey
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Proctor
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: McClean
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006838:Hydrocarbons / Q000378:metabolism*; D019570:Inhalation Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D008889:Military Personnel; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000652:urine*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D006838:Hydrocarbons; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; C098607:JP8 aviation fuel