title: Infections and use of antibiotics in patients admitted for severe acute pancreatitis: data from the EPIC II study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Infectious complications are frequent in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) but multinational epidemiologic data are lacking. The aim of the study was to analyze the characteristics of the infectious complications and antimicrobial use in this setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  One-day point prevalence study of infection in critically ill patients (Extended Prevalence of Infection in the ICU-II study), performed in 1,265 ICUs in 75 countries.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 13,796 patients in the study, 159 were admitted with SAP. One-hundred sixteen (73%) had infections: 31% intra-abdominal, 16% extra-abdominal, and 26% both. Gram-negative bacteria were more prevalent than gram-positive organisms, anaerobes, or fungi. Therapeutically, penicillins and other beta-lactams were used most frequently. Prophylactic antibiotics were administered to 24% of the patients with SAP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Infections are frequent in patients admitted with SAP; most are intra-abdominal infections. Microbiology is diverse with gram-negative micro-organisms most frequently isolated. Most patients admitted to the ICU for SAP receive antibiotics at some point.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ghent Medical School and University Hospital , Ghent, Belgium .
authors.forename: Jan J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: De Waele
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rello
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Anzueto
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lipman
authors.forename: Yasser
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakr
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pickkers
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leone
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ferguson
authors.forename: Lavi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Oud
authors.forename: Jean-Louis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Vincent
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis / Q000379:methods; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004363:Drug Utilization; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019283:Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing / Q000150:complications*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents