title: The role of (18)F-FDG PET/CT for evaluation of metastatic mediastinal lymph nodes in patients with lung squamous-cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of (18)F-FDG PET/CT in depicting metastatic mediastinal lymph nodes in patients with lung squamous-cell carcinoma (LSCC) or lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) in a tuberculosis-endemic country.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study retrospectively reviewed patients with LSCC or LAC, who underwent preoperative (18)F-FDG PET/CT to assess mediastinal lymph node metastasis. Patients with the short-axis of mediastinal lymph node≤15mm were included. PET/CT interpretation was analyzed in two ways. Firstly, with CT for anatomical localization, lymph nodes showing greater (18)F-FDG uptake than vessel pool on PET were regarded malignant. Secondly, lymph nodes with positive uptake on PET were considered malignant, only when nodes had neither calcification nor higher attenuation than vessel pool on CT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and sixteen LSCCs and 234 LACs were evaluated. With CT for anatomical localization, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of PET were 78.6%, 45.5%, 53.4%, 31.4% and 87.0% in LSCC group, and 61.8%, 66.3%, 65.0%, 42.9% and 80.9% in LAC group. PET showed higher specificity and accuracy in LAC group compared with LSCC group (p=0.001 and p=0.038, respectively). Considering calcification or high attenuation on CT, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV and NPV of PET/CT were 71.4%, 67.0%, 68.1%, 40.8% and 88.1% in LSCC group, and 54.4%, 86.1%, 76.9%, 61.7% and 82.2% in LAC group. Compared with PET, PET/CT possessed higher specificity and accuracy in LSCC group (p=0.000 and p=0.000, respectively), and higher specificity, accuracy and PPV in LAC group (p=0.000, p=0.000 and p=0.022, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  (18)F-FDG PET displays limited efficacy in assessing mediastinal lymph node metastasis with the short-axis diameter <15mm in LSCC and LAC groups and higher false-positivity in LSCC group. The specificity and accuracy in LSCC and LAC groups are enhanced by interpreting attenuation characteristic on CT.
authors.affiliation: Department of PET/CT, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China.
authors.forename: Peiou
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiological Diagnosis, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
authors.forename: Yajuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of PET/CT, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China.
authors.forename: Yanqin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of PET/CT, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China. Electronic address: yulijuan2003@126.com.
authors.forename: Lijuan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000556:secondary; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000556:secondary; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008482:Mediastinum; D008875:Middle Aged; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
keywords: Lung adenocarcinoma; Lung squamous-cell carcinoma; Mediastinal lymph node metastasis; Positron emission tomography/computed tomography