title: Outcome following lingual nerve repair with vein graft cuff: a preliminary report.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The object of this study was to assess the effects of an inside-out vein graft as a cuff after direct suture on human lingual nerve regeneration and recovery after iatrogenic lingual nerve injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten patients with unilateral lingual nerve anesthesia as a complication of iatrogenic injury after third molar extraction underwent microneurosurgical procedures for the injured lingual nerve under general anesthesia. The patients were randomized into 2 groups. In group A, after removing the neuromas and peripheral scars surrounding the torn nerves, the 2 nerve ends were sutured without tension. In group B, after the same procedure, including the same suturing procedure, an inside-out vein graft was placed as a cuff after the direct suture. Each group was followed at least once every 6 months for 1 year after the procedure. Postoperative outcomes were evaluated using the Pogrel criteria, the Sunderland grade, and the British Medical Research Council Scale (MRCS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no particular differences between groups A and B at 6 and 12 months after the operation. However, based on the MRCS criteria, there was a clearly better result in group B than in group A at 6 and 12 months after the operation, and the recovery of gustatory sensation tended to be better in group B than in group A 1 year after the operation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This inside-out vein graft as a cuff after direct suturing may facilitate faster lingual nerve regeneration than the traditional direct suture approach. The inside-out vein graft as a cuff may provide the advantages of preventing axonal escape at the suture lines, minimizing nerve entrapment, and preventing neuroma formation in the space between the sutured nerves.
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama City, Japan. Electronic address: fujt@wakayama-med.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Shigeyuki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama City, Japan.
authors.forename: Itaru
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tojyo
authors.affiliation: Research Fellow, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama City, Japan.
authors.forename: Masai
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.affiliation: Research Fellow, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama City, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Go
authors.affiliation: Research Fellow, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama City, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama City, Japan.
authors.forename: Norifumi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kiga
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008036:Lingual Nerve / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008964:Molar, Third / Q000601:surgery; D014081:Tooth Extraction / Q000009:adverse effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014680:Veins / Q000637:transplantation*; D055815:Young Adult