title: Urinary angiotensinogen is elevated in patients with nephrolithiasis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Elevated urinary angiotensinogen (UA) was identified as novel prognostic biomarker capable of predicting chronic kidney disease, and in the present study, we will investigate the diagnostic value of UA in the patients of nephrolithiasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Urine angiotensinogen levels and α 1-microglobulin were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 60 patients presenting with nephrolithiasis and 50 sex- and age-matched healthy volunteers. Estimated glomerular filtration (eGFR) was calculated and, by simple regression analysis, the correlation of UA/ α 1-microglobulin levels and the decline of eGFR were analyzed as well.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median UA levels was significantly increased in the nephrolithiasis patients compared with normal control (1250.78 ± 439.27 versus 219.34 ± 45.27 pg/mL; P < 0.01). The mean serum creatinine levels in patients with higher UA levels (>1250 pg/mL) was significantly higher than those with lower UA levels (<1250 pg/mL) [92.23 ± 18.13 μmol/L versus 70.07 ± 11.17 μmol/L; P < 0.05]. According to the single variate analysis, UA levels were significantly and positively correlated with urinary α 1-microglobulin (r = 0.733; P = 1.33 × 10(-15)), while they were significantly and negatively correlated with eGFR (r = -0.343; P = 1.03 × 10(-4)).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Urinary UA is a novel biomarker for patients with nephrolithiasis, which indicates renal tubular injury. Further study on the molecular pathogenic mechanism of UA and larger scale of clinical trial is required.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urological Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Department of Urological Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China.
authors.forename: Xu-Dong
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Department of Urological Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China.
authors.forename: Yun-Fei
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urological Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Department of Urological Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urological Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China.
authors.forename: Jun-Hua
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000510:Alpha-Globulins / Q000652:urine; D000808:Angiotensinogen / Q000652:urine*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053040:Nephrolithiasis / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D000510:Alpha-Globulins; C016001:alpha-1-microglobulin; D000808:Angiotensinogen; D003404:Creatinine