title: Oxidation and modification of extracellular matrix and its role in disease.
abstract: There is accumulating evidence that damage to extracellular materials and particularly the extracellular matrix, can play a major role in multiple human pathologies. In contrast to cells, the extracellular compartment of most biological tissues is relatively poorly equipped to prevent or repair damage caused by oxidation due to lower levels of antioxidant defenses (low molecular mass and enzymatic) and repair systems (both catabolic and enzymatic). The extracellular compartment is therefore likely to be subject to both an increased extent of damage and an overall accumulation of damage due to slow turnover and/or poor repair. The nature and consequences of damage to the extracellular matrix is poorly understood, despite evidence that changes in matrix structure influences not only structural integrity, but also cell adhesion, proliferation, migration and signaling, and cytokine and growth factor binding. In this article the nature of the extracellular matrix is briefly reviewed, together with evidence for the presence of matrix modifications in cardiovascular disease. The oxidants and mechanisms that are known to damage extracellular matrix are reviewed, together with the limited data available to date on how such changes affect structural properties and cellular behavior.
authors.affiliation: The Heart Research Institute, Newtown, Australia, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney , Sydney , Australia.
authors.forename: C Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Degendorfer
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Davies
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction
keywords: extracellular matrix; glycosaminoglycan; hypochlorous acid; metal ions; myeloperoxidase; oxidative stress; peroxynitrous acid; protein oxidation; proteoglycan; radicals