title: Effects of elevated magnesium and substrate on neuronal numbers and neurite outgrowth of neural stem/progenitor cells in vitro.
abstract: Because a potential treatment for brain injuries could be elevating magnesium ions (Mg(2+)) intracerebrally, we characterized the effects of elevating external Mg(2+) in cultures of neonatal murine brain-derived neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs). Using a crystal violet assay, which avoids interference of Mg(2+) in the assay, it was determined that substrate influenced Mg(2+) effects on cell numbers. On uncoated plastic, elevating Mg(2+) levels to between 2.5 and 10mM above basal increased NSC numbers, and at higher concentrations numbers decreased to control or lower levels. Similar biphasic curves were observed with different plating densities, treatment durations and length of time in culture. When cells were plated on laminin-coated plastic, NSC numbers were higher even in basal medium and no further effects were observed with Mg(2+). NSC differentiation into neurons was not altered by either substrate or Mg(2+) supplementation. Some parameters of neurite outgrowth were increased by elevated Mg(2+) when NSCs differentiated into neurons on uncoated plastic. Differentiation on laminin resulted in increased neurites even in basal medium and no further effects were seen when Mg(2+) was elevated. This system can now be used to study the multiple mechanisms by which Mg(2+) influences neuronal biology.
authors.affiliation: Molecular & Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Medical Sciences Building, Rm 4206A, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0576, United States. Electronic address: john.vennemeyer@gmail.com.
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Vennemeyer
authors.affiliation: Molecular & Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Medical Sciences Building, Rm 4206A, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0576, United States. Electronic address: tracy.hopkins@uc.edu.
authors.forename: Tracy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hopkins
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, 301 Clifton Court, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172, United States. Electronic address: william.heineman@uc.edu.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kuhlmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, 301 Clifton Court, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172, United States. Electronic address: william.heineman@uc.edu.
authors.forename: William R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Heineman
authors.affiliation: Molecular & Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Medical Sciences Building, Rm 4206A, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0576, United States. Electronic address: sarah.pixley@uc.edu.
authors.forename: Sarah K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Pixley
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology; D002452:Cell Count; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007797:Laminin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008274:Magnesium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D058953:Neural Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D016501:Neurites / Q000187:drug effects*; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology*; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D007797:Laminin; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D008274:Magnesium
keywords: Brain injury; In vitro; Laminin; Magnesium; Neural stem cells; Neurosphere