title: Use of Multiple Informants to Identify Children at High Risk for ADHD in Turkish School-Age Children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the distribution of parent- and teacher-rated ADHD symptoms in a Turkish community sample to identify children at high risk for ADHD and to explore the psychosocial correlates of these high-risk children.
  
  
  METHODS
  An 18-item SNAP-IV (Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham) and a three-item impairment scale were completed by parents and teachers on 3,110 children between 7 and 14 years of age from three public schools in Istanbul.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using various case definitions for ADHD, we observed a range of prevalence estimates based on parent (2.7%-9.6%) and teacher (2%-10.1%) reports. Teacher-identified ADHD was associated with low family income and low parental education; parent-identified ADHD was associated with perceived need for mental health treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Statistically driven threshold on a symptom scale may overestimate the rate of high-risk children. Relying on one informant is likely to miss some children at high risk. As in clinical practice, therefore, data from multiple informants and evidence of impairment are essential for identifying ADHD.
authors.affiliation: 1 Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ayşegül Selcen
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Güler
authors.affiliation: 2 Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Lawrence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Scahill
authors.affiliation: 3 Yale University School of Nursing, New Haven, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Sangchoon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.affiliation: 1 Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Beril
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Taşkın
authors.affiliation: 4 Güzel Günler Health Services, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ceyda
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dedeoğlu
authors.affiliation: 4 Güzel Günler Health Services, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Selin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ünal
authors.affiliation: 1 Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.|4 Güzel Günler Health Services, Istanbul, Turkey.|5 Yale University Child Study Center, New Haven, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Yankı
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yazgan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D000070777:School Teachers; D014421:Turkey
keywords: ADHD; Turkey; informants; school sample