title: Artificial pancreas (AP) clinical trial participants' acceptance of future AP technology.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Artificial pancreas (AP) systems are currently an active field of diabetes research. This pilot study examined the attitudes of AP clinical trial participants toward future acceptance of the technology, having gained firsthand experience.
  
  
  METHODS
  After possible influencers of AP technology adoption were considered, a 34-question questionnaire was developed. The survey assessed current treatment satisfaction, dimensions of clinical trial participant motivation, and variables of the technology acceptance model (TAM). Forty-seven subjects were contacted to complete the survey. The reliability of the survey scales was tested using Cronbach's α. The relationship of the factors to the likelihood of AP technology adoption was explored using regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-six subjects (76.6%) completed the survey. Of the respondents, 86.1% were either highly likely or likely to adopt the technology once available. Reliability analysis of the survey dimensions revealed good internal consistency, with scores of >0.7 for current treatment satisfaction, convenience (motivation), personal health benefit (motivation), perceived ease of use (TAM), and perceived usefulness (TAM). Linear modeling showed that future acceptance of the AP was significantly associated with TAM and the motivation variables of convenience plus the individual item benefit to others (R(2)=0.26, P=0.05). When insulin pump and continuous glucose monitor use were added, the model significance improved (R(2)=0.37, P=0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This pilot study demonstrated that individuals with direct AP technology experience expressed high likelihood of future acceptance. Results support the factors of personal benefit, convenience, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use as reliable scales that suggest system adoption in this highly motivated patient population.
authors.affiliation: 1 Sansum Diabetes Research Institute , Santa Barbara, California.
authors.forename: Wendy C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Bevier
authors.forename: Serena M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Fuller
authors.forename: Ryan P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Fuller
authors.forename: Richard R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Rubin
authors.forename: Eyal
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dassau
authors.forename: Francis J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Doyle
authors.forename: Lois
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jovanovič
authors.forename: Howard C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Zisser
mesh_terms: D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019397:Pancreas, Artificial; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010465:Perception; D010865:Pilot Projects; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin