title: Extract of Saccharina japonica induces apoptosis companied by cell cycle arrest and endoplasmic reticulum stress in SK-Hep1 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
abstract: Saccharina japonica is a family member of Phaeophyceae (brown macro-alga) and extensively cultivated in China, Japan and Korea. Here, the potential anti-cancer effect of n-hexane fraction of S. japonica was evaluated in SK-Hep1 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. The N-hexane fraction reduced cell viability and increased the numbers of apoptotic cells in a both dose- and time-dependent manner. Apoptosis was activated by both caspase-dependent and independent pathways. The caspase-dependent cell death pathway is mediated by cell surface death receptors and activated caspase-8 amplified the apoptotic signal either through direct activation of downstream caspase-3 or pro-apoptotic proteins (Bad, Bax and Bak) subsequently leading to the release of cytochrome c. On the other hand, caspase-independent apoptosis appeared mediated by disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential and translocation of AIF to the nucleus where they induced chromatin condensation and/or large-scale DNA fragmentation. In addition, the n-hexane fraction induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress and cell cycle arrest. The results suggested that potential anti-cancer effects of n-hexane extract from S. japonica on SK-Hep1 cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea E-mail : gundokim@pknu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Hyun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Il Jung
authors.forename: Mi Jeong
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Jo
authors.forename: Hyung-Rak
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yung Hyun
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Gun-Do
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D051033:Apoptosis Inducing Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000188:drug therapy*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D053181:Caspase 8 / Q000378:metabolism; D059447:Cell Cycle Checkpoints / Q000187:drug effects*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002843:Chromatin / Q000378:metabolism; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000378:metabolism; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D059865:Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D000459:Phaeophyceae / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D051033:Apoptosis Inducing Factor; D002843:Chromatin; D010936:Plant Extracts; D045304:Cytochromes c; D053148:Caspase 3; D053181:Caspase 8