title: The postprandial plasma rye fingerprint includes benzoxazinoid-derived phenylacetamide sulfates.
abstract: The bioavailability of whole-grain rye-derived phytochemicals has not yet been comprehensively characterized, and different baking and manufacturing processes can modulate the phytochemical composition of breads and other rye products. The aim of our study was to find key differences in the phytochemical profile of plasma after the consumption of 3 breads containing rye bran when compared with a plain white wheat bread control. Plasma metabolite profiles of 12 healthy middle-aged men and women were analyzed using LC quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry metabolomics analysis while fasting and at 60 min, 120 min, 240 min, and 24 h after consuming a meal that contained either 100% whole-grain sourdough rye bread or white wheat bread enriched with native unprocessed rye bran or bioprocessed rye bran. White wheat bread was used as the control. The meals were served in random order after a 12-h overnight fast, with at least 3 d between each occasion. Two sulfonated phenylacetamides, hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyphenyl) acetamide and N-(2-hydroxyphenyl) acetamide, potentially derived from the benzoxazinoid metabolites, were among the most discriminant postprandial plasma biomarkers distinguishing intake of breads containing whole-meal rye or rye bran from the control white wheat bread. Furthermore, subsequent metabolite profiling analysis of the consumed breads indicated that different bioprocessing/baking techniques involving exposure to microbial metabolism (e.g., sourdough fermentation) have a central role in modulating the phytochemical content of the whole-grain and bran-rich breads.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition and kati.hanhineva@uef.fi.
authors.forename: Kati
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hanhineva
authors.affiliation: Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition and.
authors.forename: Pekka
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Keski-Rahkonen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition and.
authors.forename: Jenni
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lappi
authors.affiliation: VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, VTT, Espoo, Finland; and Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Kati
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Katina
authors.affiliation: Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition and.
authors.forename: Jenna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pekkinen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition and.
authors.forename: Otto
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Savolainen
authors.affiliation: Bioinformatics Center, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland;
authors.forename: Oskari
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Timonen
authors.affiliation: Bioinformatics Center, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland;
authors.forename: Jussi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Paananen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition and.
authors.forename: Hannu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mykkänen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition and VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, VTT, Espoo, Finland; and.
authors.forename: Kaisa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Poutanen
mesh_terms: D000083:Acetanilides / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D000368:Aged; D048588:Benzoxazines / Q000378:metabolism*; D001939:Bread / Q000382:microbiology; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005285:Fermentation; D005387:Finland; D005433:Flour; D005511:Food Handling; D005527:Food, Fortified / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D006900:Hydroxylation; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019518:Postprandial Period; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000378:metabolism; D012434:Secale / Q000737:chemistry*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D013431:Sulfates / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D013451:Sulfonic Acids / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000083:Acetanilides; D048588:Benzoxazines; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D013431:Sulfates; D013451:Sulfonic Acids; C047799:2-hydroxyacetanilide