title: The spectral transmission of non-salticid spider corneas.
abstract: Although many salticid spiders have been shown to have corneas that transmit ultraviolet (UV) light, whether the corneas of non-salticid spiders transmit UV has not been previously investigated. In this study, we determined the spectral corneal transmission properties of 38 species belonging to 13 non-salticid families. We used these data to estimate the T50 transmission cut-off value, the wavelength corresponding to 50% maximal transmission for each species. The corneas of almost all species from the families Deinopidae, Lycosidae, Oxyopidae, Pisauridae, Sparassidae and Thomisidae, all of which have been reported to rely to a substantial extent on vision, transmitted short wavelength light below 400 nm, ranging from 306 to 381 nm. However, species from the families Atypidae and Ctenizidae are not known to rely substantially on vision, and the corneas of these species tended to absorb light of wavelengths below 380 nm, which may not allow UV sensitivity in these spiders. Liphistiidae, the family widely regarded as most basal among spiders, is of particular interest. The species in this family are not known to make substantial use of vision, and yet we found that liphistiid corneas transmitted UV light with a low T50 value (359 nm). T50 values of non-salticid spider corneas also varied with light habitat. Species living in dim environments tended to have UV-opaque corneas, but species inhabiting open areas had UV-transmitting corneas. However, there was no evidence of corneal transmission properties being related to whether a species is diurnal or nocturnal.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Behavioural Ecology & Evolution, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Zhiyong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Centre for Behavioural Ecology & Evolution, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, 117543 Singapore.
authors.forename: Zhanqi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Centre for Behavioural Ecology & Evolution, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Hongze
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Centre for Behavioural Ecology & Evolution, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Centre for Behavioural Ecology & Evolution, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Lingbing
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Centre for Behavioural Ecology & Evolution, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Fengxiang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Centre for Behavioural Ecology & Evolution, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Centre for Behavioural Ecology & Evolution, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, Hubei, China Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, 117543 Singapore dbslidq@nus.edu.sg.
authors.forename: Daiqin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003315:Cornea / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D017753:Ecosystem; D013045:Species Specificity; D013112:Spiders / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014785:Vision, Ocular / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects
keywords: Araneae; Circadian rhythms; Light habitat; Ocular media; Sensory modality; Ultraviolet