title: Effects and mechanisms of acetyl-L-cysteine in rats with chronic mountain sickness with H1-NMR metabolomics methods.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We established a rat model of chronic mountain sickness using acetyl-L-cysteine. Then we studied the effects and mechanisms of acetyl-L-cysteine (Da) in rats with chronic mountain sickness using nuclear magnetic resonance (H1-NMR) metabolomics methods.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using NMR spectroscopy combined with pattern recognition and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis, we analyzed the impact of Da on blood metabolism in rats with chronic mountain sickness by determining different metabolites and changes in metabolic network in the blood of rats with mountain sickness after the intragastric administration of different doses of Da suspension.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Increased levels of amino acids (valine, tyrosine, 1-methyl-histidine, leucine, phenylalanine, and methionine) were detected in the blood of rats in the chronic mountain sickness group, yet significantly decreased levels were detected in control rats. At the same time, β-glucose and α-glucose levels were markedly elevated in the blood of rats in the model group but decreased in the chronic mountain sickness group, which indicated a statistically significant difference compared with the chronic altitude sickness model group (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Da has a significant impact on the metabolism of rats with chronic mountain sickness. Da may act on the disturbed glucose metabolism and amino acid metabolism in rats triggered by chronic mountain sickness, resulting in the treatment and prevention of this disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Dilinuer
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Maimaitiyimin
authors.affiliation: Department of Drug Analysis, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Ainiwaer
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aikemu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Endemic Diseases, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Mayila
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kamilijiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Comprehensive Cardiac Medicine, First Teaching Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Adila
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salamu
authors.affiliation: Department of Comprehensive Cardiac Medicine, First Teaching Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China (mainland).
authors.forename: Xiangyang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000532:Altitude Sickness / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000818:Animals; D002908:Chronic Disease; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D005260:Female; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D008297:Male; D055442:Metabolome; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods*; D066244:Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D000111:Acetylcysteine