title: Fabrication and characteristics of chitosan sponge as a tissue engineering scaffold.
abstract: Cells, growth factors, and scaffolds are the three main factors required to create a tissue-engineered construct. After the appearance of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), considerable attention has therefore been focused on nonbovine materials. In this study, we examined the properties of a chitosan porous scaffold. A porous chitosan sponge was prepared by the controlled freezing and lyophilization of different concentrations of chitosan solutions. The materials were examined by scanning electron microscopy, and the porosity, tensile strength, and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) release profiles from chitosan sponge were examined in vitro. The morphology of the chitosan scaffolds presented a typical microporous structure, with the pore size ranging from 50 to 200  μm. The porosity of chitosan scaffolds with different concentrations was approximately 75-85%. A decreasing tendency for porosity was observed as the concentration of the chitosan increased. The relationship between the tensile properties and chitosan concentration indicated that the ultimate tensile strength for the sponge increased with a higher concentration. The in vitro bFGF release study showed that the higher the concentration of chitosan solution became, the longer the releasing time of the bFGF from the chitosan sponge was.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cariology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5762-7387
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.affiliation: Department of Cariology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan.
authors.forename: Kahori
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9923-2757
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.affiliation: Department of Cariology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan.
authors.forename: Kouhei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Cariology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidetaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishizaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Cariology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yoshizawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Cariology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan.
authors.forename: Kajiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yanagiguchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Cariology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan.
authors.forename: Shizuka
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5346-5627
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.affiliation: Department of Cariology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihiko
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-4256-3085
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hayashi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002417:Cattle; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D016062:Porosity; D013718:Tensile Strength; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D048271:Chitosan