title: Association of cadmium but not arsenic levels in lung cancer tumor tissue with smoking, histopathological type and stage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To evaluate association of lung cancer with arsenic and cadmium levels measured in tumor tissue.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-five patients with lung cancer tumor tissue obtained surgically were included in this study. Arsenic and cadmium levels were measured and levels of metals were compared among types of lung cancer and with reference to patient data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The histopathologic diagnoses of the 95 cases were SCC, 49, adenocarcinoma, 28, large cell, 11 and SCLC, 1. Mean tumor arsenic and cadmium levels were 149.3±129.1μg/kg and 276.3±219.3μg/kg, respectively. Cadmium levels were significantly associated with smoking (p=0.02), histopathologic type (p=0.005), and TNM staging (r=0.325; p=0.001), although arsenic was not related to any parameter (p>0.05). There was no relation between metal levels and mortality (p>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found a significant association between tumor cadmium levels of patients with lung cancer and smoking, histopathologic type and staging, although there was no relation with arsenic levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey E-mail : dr.ndemir@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Nalan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Demir
authors.forename: Serkan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Enon
authors.forename: Vugar Ali
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Turksoy
authors.forename: Zeliha
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kayaalti
authors.forename: Seda
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaya
authors.forename: Ayten Kayi
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Cangir
authors.forename: Tulin
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Soylemezoglu
authors.forename: Ismail
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Savas
mesh_terms: D001151:Arsenic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002104:Cadmium / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D002104:Cadmium; D001151:Arsenic