title: Regulating inflammation using acid-responsive electrospun fibrous scaffolds for skin scarless healing.
abstract: Skin injury in adult mammals brings about a series of events and inflammation in the wounded area is initiated first and provides lots of inflammatory factors, which is critical for the final scar formation. While the postinjured skin of fetus and nude mice heals scarlessly owing to the absence of inflammation or immunodeficient, we designed a feasible acid-responsive ibuprofen-loaded poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) fibrous scaffolds via doping sodium bicarbonate to prevent excessive inflammation and achieve scarless healing finally. The morphological results of in vivo experiments revealed that animals treated with acid-responsive ibuprofen-loaded PLLA fibrous scaffolds exhibited alleviative inflammation, accelerated healing process, and regulated collagen deposition via interference in the collagen distribution, the α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and the basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) expression. The lower ratios of collagen I/collagen III and TGF-β1/TGF-β3 and higher ratio of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1)/tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) in acid-responsive ibuprofen-loaded PLLA fibrous scaffolds group were confirmed by real-time qPCR as well. These results suggest that inhibiting the excessive inflammation will result in regular collagen distribution and appropriate ratio between the factors, which promote or suppress the scar formation, then decrease the scar area, and finally achieve the scarless healing.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
authors.forename: Ziming
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China ; School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
authors.forename: Jingwen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
authors.forename: Yigang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
authors.forename: Zhili
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China ; Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China.
authors.forename: Wenguo
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6938-9582
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D011091:Polyesters; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D011091:Polyesters; D011108:Polymers; D019344:Lactic Acid; C033616:poly(lactide); D007052:Ibuprofen