title: Genome-wide association study identifies ALLC polymorphisms correlated with FEV₁ change by corticosteroid.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Asthma can be suppressed by inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). However, response to ICS shows marked inter-individual variability. This study is aimed to identify the genetic variants associated with the change in the percentage of forced expiratory volume in 1second (%ΔFEV1) following ICS treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  A genome-wide association study was performed in a Korean asthmatic cohort. To further investigate these genetic associations, 11 additional single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on the allantoicase (ALLC) gene were selected from the HapMap database and genotyped in the same asthmatic patients in the follow-up study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In a genome-wide study, we identified the lowest P-value in ALLC, but none of the SNPs met the genome-wide association criteria (P<1.0×10(-8)). However, among 25 SNPs on ALLC in the follow-up study, 6 variants showed significant associations with the mean %ΔFEV1 in the study subjects (P<3.73×10(-6)).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the associated signals could not overcome the genome-wide multiple correction due to small sample size (n=189), our results suggest that associated SNPs of ALLC might be genetic predictors of response to ICS, at least with respect to ΔFEV1 in Korean asthmatics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science, Sogang University, 35, Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 121-742, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Tae-Joon
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 1174, Jung-dong, Wonmi-gu, Gyeonggi-do 420-020, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jong-Sook
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetic Epidemiology, SNP Genetics, Inc., 35, Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 121-742, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Sub
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Cheong
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetic Epidemiology, SNP Genetics, Inc., 35, Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 121-742, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Byung-Lae
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetic Epidemiology, SNP Genetics, Inc., 35, Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 121-742, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Lyoung Hyo
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 1174, Jung-dong, Wonmi-gu, Gyeonggi-do 420-020, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong Seok
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Heo
authors.affiliation: Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, 59, Daesagwan-ro, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 140-887, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yang Ki
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, 59, Daesagwan-ro, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 140-887, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ki-Up
authors.initials: KU
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, 59, Daesagwan-ro, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 140-887, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Soo-Taek
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Uh
authors.affiliation: Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, 23-20, Byeongmyeong-dong, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do 330-721, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ho Sung
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, 23-20, Byeongmyeong-dong, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do 330-721, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Joo-Ock
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Na
authors.affiliation: Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, 23-20, Byeongmyeong-dong, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do 330-721, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ki-Hyun
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, 23-20, Byeongmyeong-dong, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do 330-721, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Sung
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, 23-20, Byeongmyeong-dong, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do 330-721, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yong Hoon
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Gumi Hospital, 250, Gongdan-dong, Gumi, Kyungsangbook-do 730-706, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Myung-Sin
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 1174, Jung-dong, Wonmi-gu, Gyeonggi-do 420-020, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: schalr@schmc.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Choon-Sik
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science, Sogang University, 35, Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 121-742, Republic of Korea; Department of Genetic Epidemiology, SNP Genetics, Inc., 35, Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 121-742, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: hdshin@sogang.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Hyoung Doo
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Shin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000187:drug effects; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D014512:Ureohydrolases / Q000235:genetics*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D014512:Ureohydrolases; C019658:allantoicase
keywords: ALLC; FEV1; Genome-wide association study; Haplotype; Inhaled corticosteroid; Single-nucleotide polymorphism