title: Brains in metamorphosis: reprogramming cell identity within the central nervous system.
abstract: During embryonic development, uncommitted pluripotent cells undergo progressive epigenetic changes that lock them into a final differentiated state. Can mammalian cells change identity within the living organism? Direct lineage reprogramming of cells has attracted attention as a means to achieve organ regeneration. However, it is unclear whether cells in the CNS are endowed with the plasticity to reprogram. Neurons in particular are considered among the most immutable cell types, able to retain their class-specific traits for the lifespan of the organism. Here we focus on two experimental paradigms, glia-to-neuron and neuron-to-neuron conversion, to consider how lineage reprogramming has challenged the notion of CNS immutability, paving the way for the application of reprogramming strategies to reshape neurons and circuits in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, USA. Electronic address: paola_arlotta@harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Arlotta
authors.affiliation: Research group "Adult Neurogenesis and Cellular Reprogramming", Institute of Physiological Chemistry, and Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 19, Mainz, Germany; Department of Physiological Genomics, Institute of Physiology, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Schillerstrasse 46, D-80336 Munich, Germany. Electronic address: berningb@uni-mainz.de.
authors.forename: Benedikt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Berninger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D065150:Cellular Reprogramming / Q000502:physiology*; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D057026:Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells; D008675:Metamorphosis, Biological / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*