title: Informed consent and nurses' roles: a survey of Indonesian practitioners.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In Southeast Asia, the process of obtaining informed consent is influenced by both culture and policy at the hospital and national level. Both physicians and nurses play vital roles in this process, but physicians influence the roles of nurses.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Since the physicians and nurses often have different perspectives, it is important to investigate their views about the informed consent process and nurses' roles therein and whether there is a difference between ideal and experienced practice (reality), and whether this differs across hospitals.
  
  
  METHODS
  A questionnaire was developed and a survey was conducted among physicians and nurses. Using exploratory factor analysis a three factor structure was determined: 'nurses' roles', 'barriers in informed consent', and 'adequacy of information'. Non-parametric tests were applied to compare nurses and physicians, and hospital setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Responses were obtained from 129 physicians and 616 nurses from two Indonesian hospitals. Those hospitals differ in ownership, location, and size.
  The study was reviewed by the hospital ethical committee. Participation was voluntary and confidentiality was ensured by keeping the responses anonymous.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Physicians and nurses differ significantly on all three factors. The scores reflecting disparity between ideal and reality regarding nurses' roles varied across professions, while barriers in informed consent differed between hospitals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The differences between ideal and reality indicated that improvement in the informed consent process and nurses' roles therein is called for. Varying views between physicians and nurses on nurses' roles may hinder collaboration. The differences between hospital settings showed interventions may have to be customized for different settings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Views on nurses' roles vary across professions. Views on barriers in informed consent vary across hospitals. Therefore interprofessional education is needed to promote interprofessional collaboration and intervention to improve informed consent practice should be tailored to the hospital context.
authors.affiliation: Mulawarman University, Indonesia pratidina@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Astrid P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Susilo
authors.affiliation: Maastricht University, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Dalen
authors.affiliation: Maastricht University, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Michelene N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Chenault
authors.affiliation: Maastricht University, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scherpbier
mesh_terms: D030881:Disclosure / Q000941:ethics; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006276:Health Facility Size; D016304:Hospitals, Private; D006779:Hospitals, Public; D006801:Humans; D007214:Indonesia; D007258:Informed Consent / Q000941:ethics* / Q000592:standards; D009722:Nurse Practitioners / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D024802:Nurse's Role / Q000523:psychology*; D009723:Nurse-Patient Relations; D015279:Organizational Culture; D016134:Organizational Policy; D010344:Patient Advocacy; D019555:Physician-Nurse Relations; D010820:Physicians / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Informed consent; interprofessional practice; nurse; role; surveys