title: Effect of repeated administration of lipopolysaccharide on inflammatory and stress markers in saliva of growing pigs.
abstract: Although saliva could be considered to be an ideal biological sample for evaluation of biomarkers relating to stress and inflammatory responses in pigs, little is known about how these might be influenced by the presence of endotoxaemia. In the present study, the response to repeated administrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was investigated, using a panel of salivary stress markers such as chromogranin A (CgA) and cortisol, as well as inflammatory/immune markers such as haptoglobin (Hp), C-reactive protein (CRP) and immunoglobulin A (IgA). Sixteen growing pigs were adapted to experimental conditions for 3 weeks, after which, 10 of the pigs were selected to receive three doses of LPS at 48 h intervals. Saliva samples were taken from all pigs prior to any LPS administration (baseline) and at time points corresponding to 3 h after each injection of LPS (T1, T2 and T3). Results showed that repeated administration of LPS induced significant elevation of salivary markers of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (cortisol) and immune (Hp, CRP and IgA) activity compared to baseline levels (P < 0.05). However, rectal temperature, CRP and cortisol data suggested that the amplitude of the inflammatory response decreased with successive LPS administrations. Thus, measurement of salivary biomarkers could be a practical tool for evaluating the inflammatory response to endotoxaemia in pigs. In the case of chronic inflammatory states, salivary Hp and IgA might be more sensitive markers than CRP or cortisol.
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum," University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain.
authors.forename: Damián
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Escribano
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), UMR1348 PEGASE, F-35590 Saint-Gilles, France; Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1348 PEGASE, F-35000 Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Paulo H R F
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum," University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), UMR1348 PEGASE, F-35590 Saint-Gilles, France; Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1348 PEGASE, F-35000 Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Le Floc'h
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum," University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain.
authors.forename: José J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Cerón
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), UMR1348 PEGASE, F-35590 Saint-Gilles, France; Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1348 PEGASE, F-35000 Rennes, France. Electronic address: Elodie.Merlot@rennes.inra.fr.
authors.forename: Elodie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Merlot
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D015200:Fluoroimmunoassay / Q000662:veterinary; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry*; D013552:Swine / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides
keywords: Acute phase proteins; Chromogranin A; Immunoglobulin A; Lipopolysaccharide; Pigs; Saliva