title: Rapid-onset dystonia-parkinsonism associated with the I758S mutation of the ATP1A3 gene: a neuropathologic and neuroanatomical study of four siblings.
abstract: Rapid-onset dystonia-parkinsonism (RDP) is a movement disorder associated with mutations in the ATP1A3 gene. Signs and symptoms of RDP commonly occur in adolescence or early adulthood and can be triggered by physical or psychological stress. Mutations in ATP1A3 are also associated with alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC). The neuropathologic substrate of these conditions is unknown. The central nervous system of four siblings, three affected by RDP and one asymptomatic, all carrying the I758S mutation in the ATP1A3 gene, was analyzed. This neuropathologic study is the first carried out in ATP1A3 mutation carriers, whether affected by RDP or AHC. Symptoms began in the third decade of life for two subjects and in the fifth for another. The present investigation aimed at identifying, in mutation carriers, anatomical areas potentially affected and contributing to RDP pathogenesis. Comorbid conditions, including cerebrovascular disease and Alzheimer disease, were evident in all subjects. We evaluated areas that may be relevant to RDP separately from those affected by the comorbid conditions. Anatomical areas identified as potential targets of I758S mutation were globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, red nucleus, inferior olivary nucleus, cerebellar Purkinje and granule cell layers, and dentate nucleus. Involvement of subcortical white matter tracts was also evident. Furthermore, in the spinal cord, a loss of dorsal column fibers was noted. This study has identified RDP-associated pathology in neuronal populations, which are part of complex motor and sensory loops. Their involvement would cause an interruption of cerebral and cerebellar connections which are essential for maintenance of motor control.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
authors.forename: Adrian L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Oblak
authors.forename: Matthew C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Hagen
authors.forename: Kathleen J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Sweadner
authors.forename: Ihtsham
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Haq
authors.forename: Christopher T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Whitlow
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Maldjian
authors.forename: Francine
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Epperson
authors.forename: Jared F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stacy
authors.forename: Jill R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Murrell
authors.forename: Laurie J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Ozelius
authors.forename: Allison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brashear
authors.forename: Bernardino
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ghetti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D020821:Dystonic Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation; D020734:Parkinsonian Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010641:Phenotype; D035781:Siblings; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000235:genetics*; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: C488756:ATP1A3 protein, human; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase