title: Screening of dioxin-like compounds by complementary evaluation strategy utilising ELISA, micro-EROD, and HRGC-HRMS in soil and sediments from Montevideo, Uruguay.
abstract: Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and dibenzofurans (PCDF) are persistent, toxic, and bioaccumulate in the environment. Due to their high analytical costs, these compounds are hardly regulated and mostly not monitored in the Third World. To overcome this, bioassays have been proposed as low-cost alternative methods. Two of the most established bioanalytical tools, the dioxin antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ELISA and the micro-EROD bioassay are evaluated and compared to high resolution gas chromatography and high resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS) analytical methodology. The methods were tested using thirteen soils and sediment samples selected from diverse sites in Montevideo, Uruguay. The WHO₂₀₀₅ total toxic equivalent (WHO₂₀₀₅-TEQ) of soils ranged from 2.4 to 2212 (ng WHO₂₀₀₅-TEQ/kg dry sample) and from 0.14 to 9.4 (ng WHO₂₀₀₅-TEQ/kg dry sample) in sediments. This study shows significant contamination related to dioxin-like compounds, particularly in sites where uncontrolled burnings were carried out. ELISA and micro-EROD bioassay correlated well with HRGC/HRMS, R Spearman 0.773 and 0.913, respectively and were highly correlated to each other, R Spearman 0.879. Preliminary threshold values of bioassay toxic equivalents of 330 (ng/kg dry sample) for the micro-EROD bioassay and 220 (ng/kg dry sample) for ELISA are proposed.
authors.affiliation: Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Molecular EXposomics (MEX), Ingolstädter Landstr.1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany. Electronic address: walkiria.levy@helmholtz-muenchen.de.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.affiliation: UdelaR, Cátedra de Bioquímica, Faculty of Chemistry, University de la República, Avda. Gral. Flores 2124, CP 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay; Laboratorio de Calidad Ambiental, Intendencia de Montevideo, Uruguay. Electronic address: bbrena@fq.edu.uy.
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Brena
authors.affiliation: Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Molecular EXposomics (MEX), Ingolstädter Landstr.1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Henkelmann
authors.affiliation: Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Molecular EXposomics (MEX), Ingolstädter Landstr.1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bernhöft
authors.affiliation: UdelaR, Cátedra de Inmunología, Departament of Biosciences, Faculty of Chemistry, University de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pirez
authors.affiliation: UdelaR, Cátedra de Inmunología, Departament of Biosciences, Faculty of Chemistry, University de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay. Electronic address: ggonzal@fq.edu.uy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: González-Sapienza
authors.affiliation: Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Molecular EXposomics (MEX), Ingolstädter Landstr.1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; TUM-Technical University Munich, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan für Ernährung Landnutzung und Umwelt, Department für Biowissenschaften, Weihenstephaner Steig 23, 85350 Freising, Germany. Electronic address: schramm@helmholtz-muenchen.de.
authors.forename: K-W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Schramm
mesh_terms: D001572:Benzofurans / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D001681:Biological Assay; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000032:analysis; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D014583:Uruguay; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D001572:Benzofurans; D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1
keywords: Cut-off values; Dioxin-like compounds; ELISA; EROD; Sediment; Soil