title: Vitamin-Mineral Treatment of ADHD in Adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Despite widespread use, there is little data investigating the long-term impact of micronutrients on psychiatric disorders. This study investigated the naturalistic outcome 1-year post-baseline of a randomized controlled trials (RCT) that compared micronutrients with placebo in 80 adults with ADHD.
  
  
  METHODS
  All participants were contacted and clinician-rated questionnaires completed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 72 (90%) of the sample participated; although there was significant regression in psychiatric functioning from the end-of-trial on all measures, outcomes remained significantly improved from baseline. Dominant treatment from the end-of-treatment to follow-up was investigated as a mediator of outcome; those staying on the micronutrients performed better than those who switched to medications or discontinued micronutrients. Cost was the most substantial reason why people stopped micronutrient treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For the small number of participants who stayed on micronutrients, the benefits conferred through the controlled trial were maintained. The results are limited by small sample, lack of blinding, expectation, and reliance on self-report of symptoms.
authors.affiliation: 1 University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Julia J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Rucklidge
authors.affiliation: 2 University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Chris M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Frampton
authors.affiliation: 1 University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Brigette
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gorman
authors.affiliation: 3 Canterbury District Health Board, Christchurch, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boggis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004032:Diet; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008903:Minerals / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014815:Vitamins / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D018977:Micronutrients; D008903:Minerals; D014815:Vitamins
keywords: ADHD; micronutrients; minerals; vitamins