title: Anti-Candida, anti-enzyme activity and cytotoxicity of 3,5-diaryl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carboximidamides.
abstract: Because of the need for more effective and less harmful antifungal therapies, and interest in the synthesis of new carboximidamides, the goal of this study was to determine the antifungal and anti-enzyme activities of some new pyrazole carboximidamides and their cytotoxicity. For this purpose, tests were performed to evaluate: minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC); production of proteinases and phospholipase, and cytotoxicity of the extracts. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey Tests (α = 5%). The results were: MIC and MFC ≥ 62.5 μg/mL (C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, C. famata, C. glabrata, and Rhodotorula mucillaginosa) and MIC and MFC ≥ 15.6 μg/mL (C. lipolytica). The values of proteinase and phospholipase (Pz) of C. albicans before and after exposure to the compounds were: 0.6 (±0.024) and 0.2 (±0.022) and 0.9 (±0.074) and 0.3 (±0.04), respectively. These proteinase results were not significant (p = 0.69), but those of phospholipase were (p = 0.01), and 15.6 μg/mL was the most effective concentration. The cytotoxicity means were similar among the tests (p = 0.32). These compounds could be useful as templates for further development through modification or derivatization to design more potent antifungal agents. Data from this study provide evidence that these new pyrazole formulations could be an alternative source for the treatment of fungal infections caused by Candida. However, a specific study on the safety and efficacy of these in vivo and clinical trials is still needed, in order to evaluate the practical relevance of the in vitro results.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel)-Rua Gonçalves Chaves, 457/504, Pelotas, RS 96015-000, Brazil. sisi_mone@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Exact Sciences and Technology, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS 79825-070, Brazil. lucas.pizzuti@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Lucas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pizzuti
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and the Consortium for Photochemical Technology (NAP-PhotoTech), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil. quina@usp.br.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Quina
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Food, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS 95500-000, Brazil. alex@pesquisador.cnpq.br.
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Flores
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel)-Rua Gonçalves Chaves, 457/504, Pelotas, RS 96015-000, Brazil. sisi_mone@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lund
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Bioactive Heterocycles and Bioprospection (LAHBBio), Center for Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS 96010-610, Brazil. leonetti.lencina@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Claiton
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lencina
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Bioactive Heterocycles and Bioprospection (LAHBBio), Center for Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS 96010-610, Brazil. bruna.spacheco@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Bruna S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Pacheco
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Bioactive Heterocycles and Bioprospection (LAHBBio), Center for Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS 96010-610, Brazil. claudiochemistry@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Claudio M P
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: de Pereira
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS 96015-000, Brazil. evpiva@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Evandro
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Piva
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D002175:Candida / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009181:Mycoses / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D011720:Pyrazoles; C031280:pyrazole