title: Hemoglobin fructation promotes heme degradation through the generation of endogenous reactive oxygen species.
abstract: Protein glycation is a cascade of nonenzymatic reactions between reducing sugars and amino groups of proteins. It is referred to as fructation when the reducing monosaccharide is fructose. Some potential mechanisms have been suggested for the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by protein glycation reactions in the presence of glucose. In this state, glucose autoxidation, ketoamine, and oxidative advance glycation end products (AGEs) formation are considered as major sources of ROS and perhaps heme degradation during hemoglobin glycation. However, whether fructose mediated glycation produces ROS and heme degradation is unknown. Here we report that ROS (H2O2) production occurred during hemoglobin fructation in vitro using chemiluminescence methods. The enhanced heme exposure and degradation were determined using UV-Vis and fluorescence spectrophotometry. Following accumulation of ROS, heme degradation products were accumulated reaching a plateau along with the detected ROS. Thus, fructose may make a significant contribution to the production of ROS, glycation of proteins, and heme degradation during diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goodarzi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Center of Excellence in Biothermodynamics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: moosavi@ut.ac.ir.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Moosavi-Movahedi
authors.affiliation: School of Biology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Center of Excellence in NanoBioMedicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Habibi-Rezaei
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shourian
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ghourchian
authors.affiliation: Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: ENT-HNS Research Center, IUMS, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Farhadi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Center of Excellence in Biothermodynamics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Saboury
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sheibani
mesh_terms: D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D005632:Fructose / Q000737:chemistry*; D005947:Glucose / Q000737:chemistry; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000737:chemistry; D006418:Heme / Q000737:chemistry*; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000378:metabolism; D049449:Luminescence; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000737:chemistry*; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
chemical_list: D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D006454:Hemoglobins; D011506:Proteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012997:Solvents; D005632:Fructose; D006418:Heme; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D005947:Glucose
keywords: Chemiluminescence; Fructation; Fructose; Heme degradation; Hemoglobin (Hb); ROS