title: Cholelithiasis in home parenteral nutrition (Hpn) patients--complications of the clinical nutrition: diagnosis, treatment, prevention.
abstract: Long-term home parenteral nutrition (HPN) is an important factor for cholelithiasis. An individualized nutrition program, trophic enteral nutrition and ultrasound bile ducts monitoring is a necessity in those patients. The aim of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of prophylactic cholecystectomy in patients with asymptomatic cholelithiasis requiring HPN.
  
  
  METHODS
  292 chronic HPN patients were analyzed in the period from 2005 to 2012. Patients were divided into four groups: A - without cholelithiasis, B - with asymptomatic cholelithiasis, C - urgent cholecystectomy because of cholecystisis caused by gallstones, D - cholecystectomy in patients without cholelithiasis performed during an operation to restore the continuity of the digestive tract. The patients were additionally divided depending on the extent of resection of the small intestine and colon.
  
  
  RESULTS
  36.9% of chronic HPN patients had cholelithiasis confirmed using ultrasonographic examination. Cholecystectomy due to acute cholecystitis symptoms was performed in 14.4% of the patients. The remaining 22.6% patients had asymptomatic cholelithiasis. Prophylactic cholecystectomy was performed in 5.5% patients with no signs of cholelcystisis during the planned operation to restore the continuity of the digestive tract.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cholelithiasis in chronic HPN patients is a frequent phenomenon. It seems useful to perform prophylactic cholecystectomy during primary subtotal resection of the small intestine, because the risk of cholelithiasis in this group of patients is very high.
authors.forename: Michał
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lawiński
authors.forename: Aneta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jachnis
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ukleja
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pertkiewicz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001652:Bile Ducts / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D015984:Causality; D002763:Cholecystectomy; D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009752:Nutritional Status; D016331:Parenteral Nutrition, Home / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015995:Prevalence; D014463:Ultrasonography