title: Subclinical infections of cardiac implantable electronic devices: insights into the host-bacteria dialog from blood and pocket tissue with pyrosequencing.
abstract: While bacteria exist in CIED patients without clinical signs of infection, the underlying bacterial community structure and diversity in the bloodstream and pocket tissue of asymptomatic CIED patients remain unknown. In this study, we performed high-throughput 454 pyrosequencing of bacterial 16S rDNA of blood and pocket tissue from 54 asymptomatic CIED patients as well as blood from 30 normal individuals (normal controls). Firstly, we observed a significant increase of blood bacterial diversity in patients as compared with blood of normal subjects or patient tissues. We also found significant differences in 13 blood-associated bacterial genera between patients and normal subjects, and 14 bacteria genera between blood and tissues within patients. Secondly, we found that the serum levels of four inflammatory markers (CRP, IL-1β, IL-6, and MCP-1) in CIED patients were significantly higher than those in normal subjects. Thirdly, we found that there were significant correlations between 43 bacterial species and these inflammatory markers. Taken together, our results reveal a high diversity in the microbial community in CIED patients, and suggest the potential roles of multiple bacteria co-occurrence in the CIED subclinical infections.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: Tong
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China. Electronic address: zhangzhigang@mail.kiz.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Zhigang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, China.
authors.forename: Chenggang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing 100037, China.
authors.forename: Keping
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing 100037, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: Jiabin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: Xue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: Junpeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Chemistry, Beijing Hospital, Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: Dongke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Chemistry, Beijing Hospital, Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: Hongtao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: Haifeng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: Zhilei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: Sujuan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing 100037, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing 100730, China. Electronic address: yangjiefu2011@126.com.
authors.forename: Jiefu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D058345:Asymptomatic Infections / Q000453:epidemiology; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016459:Prosthesis-Related Infections / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018836:Inflammation Mediators
keywords: CIED; Inflammation; Pyrosequencing; Subclinical Infection