title: Macrosomic newborns of non-diabetic mothers: anthropometric measurements and neonatal complications.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the association of anthropometric measurements with neonatal complications in macrosomic newborns of non-diabetic mothers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  All liveborn, singleton, full term newborns with birth weight ≥4000 g born to non-diabetic mothers at a tertiary medical centre in 1995-2005 (n=2766, study group) were matched to the next born, healthy, full term infant with a birth weight of 3000-4000 g (control group). Exclusion criteria were multiple birth, congenital infection, major malformations and pregnancy complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data collection by file review.
  
  
  METHODS
  Complication rates were compared between study and control groups and between symmetric and asymmetric macrosomic newborns, defined by weight/length ratio (WLR), Body Mass Index and Ponderal Index.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 2766 non-diabetic macrosomic infants identified were matched to 2766 control infants. The macrosomic group had higher rates of hypoglycaemia (1.2% vs 0.5%, p=0.008), transient tachypnoea of the newborn (1.5% vs 0.5%, p<0.001), hyperthermia (0.6% vs 0.1%, p=0.012), and birth trauma (2% vs 0.7%, p<0.001), with no cases of symptomatic polycythaemia, and only one case of hypoglycaemia. Hypoglycaemia was positively associated with birth weight. It was significantly higher in the asymmetric than the symmetric macrosomic newborns, defined by WLR (1.7% vs 0.3%, p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Macrosomic infants of non-diabetic mothers are at increased risk of neonatal complications. However, routine measurements of haematocrit and calcium may not be necessary. Symmetric macrosomic infants (by WLR) have a similar rate of hypoglycaemia as normal-weight infants. Thus, repeat glucose measurements in symmetric macrosomic infants are not justified.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Helen Schneider Hospital for Women, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Linder
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Helen Schneider Hospital for Women, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lahat
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Helen Schneider Hospital for Women, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kogan
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Helen Schneider Hospital for Women, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fridman
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Helen Schneider Hospital for Women, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kouadio
authors.affiliation: Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helen Schneider Hospital for Women, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Melamed
authors.affiliation: Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helen Schneider Hospital for Women, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yogev
authors.affiliation: Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Klinger
mesh_terms: D000886:Anthropometry / Q000379:methods; D001724:Birth Weight / Q000502:physiology; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D049628:Body Size / Q000502:physiology; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005320:Fetal Macrosomia / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006400:Hematocrit; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D007224:Infant Care / Q000379:methods; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007557:Israel / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011254:Pregnancy in Diabetics; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D019564:Unnecessary Procedures
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002118:Calcium
keywords: Complications; Macrosomia; Neonatology; Newborn; Non-diabetic mothers