title: Some basic aspects of HLA-G biology.
abstract: Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) is a low polymorphic nonclassical HLA-I molecule restrictively expressed and with suppressive functions. HLA-G gene products are quite complex, with seven HLA-G isoforms, four membrane bound, and other three soluble isoforms that can suffer different posttranslational modifications or even complex formations. In addition, HLA-G has been described included in exosomes. In this review we will focus on HLA-G biochemistry with special emphasis to the mechanisms that regulate its expression and how the protein modifications affect the quantification in biological fluids.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University Clinic of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Estibaliz
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9053-3606
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Alegre
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Microbiology and Medical Genetics, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9507-9126
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rizzo
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Microbiology and Medical Genetics, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: Daria
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4496-9561
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bortolotti
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University Clinic of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fernandez-Landázuri
authors.affiliation: Neuroradiology Unit, Sant'Anna Hospital, Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0477-724X
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fainardi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University Clinic of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Alvaro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: González
mesh_terms: D055354:Exosomes / Q000276:immunology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D059951:HLA-G Antigens / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D055503:Protein Multimerization; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D012995:Solubility; D054875:Ubiquitination
chemical_list: D059951:HLA-G Antigens; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic