title: Pyrene induces a reduction in midbrain size and abnormal swimming behavior in early-hatched pufferfish larvae.
abstract: Spills of heavy oil (HO) have an adverse effect on marine life. We have demonstrated previously that exposure to HO by fertilized eggs of the pufferfish (Takifugu rubripes) induces neural disruption and behavioral abnormality in early-hatched larvae. Here, two kinds of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pyrene and phenanthrene, were selected to examine their toxic effects on larval behavior of another pufferfish species (T. niphobles). Larvae exposed to pyrene or phenanthrene exhibited no abnormalities in morphology. However, those exposed to pyrene but not phenanthrene swam in an uncoordinated manner, although their swimming distance and speed were normal. The optic tectum, a part of the midbrain, of pyrene-exposed larvae did not grow to full size. Thus, these findings are indicated that pyrene might be a contributor to the behavioral and neuro-developmental toxicity, although there is no indication that it is the only compound participating in the toxicity of the heavy oil mixture.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sugahara
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, Japan.
authors.forename: Masahumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawaguchi
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Itoyama
authors.affiliation: Misaki Marine Biological Station, The University of Tokyo, 1024 Koajiro, Misaki, Miura, Japan.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kurokawa
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuhiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tosa
authors.affiliation: Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Japan.
authors.forename: Shin-Ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kitamura
authors.affiliation: The Futurability Initiatives, Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, 457-4 Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kita-ku, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Itsuki C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Handoh
authors.affiliation: Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Japan. Electronic address: kei-n@agr.ehime-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Japan. Electronic address: murakami.yasunori.mu@ehime-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yasunori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Murakami
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008636:Mesencephalon / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D010616:Phenanthrenes / Q000633:toxicity*; D011721:Pyrenes / Q000633:toxicity*; D013550:Swimming; D023721:Tetraodontiformes / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D010616:Phenanthrenes; D011721:Pyrenes; C031181:phenanthrene; C030984:pyrene
keywords: Development; Heavy oil; Nervous system; Phenanthrene; Pyrene; Teleosts