title: Relationship between cytokine gene polymorphisms and risk of postoperative pneumonia with esophageal cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We retrospectively evaluated the relationship between cytokine gene polymorphisms and development of postoperative pneumonia after esophagectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 120 patients who underwent esophagectomy, serum samples were obtained to measure levels of serum interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 at four time points (preoperatively, postoperative day (POD)0, POD1, and POD3). DNA extracted from peripheral blood in all patients was analyzed to determine polymorphisms of cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α -1031 T/C, IL-1β -511C/T, IL-6 -634C/G, and IL-10 -819 T/C.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Postoperative pneumonia arose in 34 patients (28.3 %). Perioperative serum IL-10 levels were significantly higher for IL-10 -819 C/T + C/C genotypes than for T/T genotypes (POD0 16.7 ± 2.84 vs. 8.54 ± 0.87 pg/ml, p = 0.0002; POD1 14.0 ± 2.64 vs. 8.8 ± 0.87 pg/ml, p = 0.0143; POD3 8.9 ± 2.67 vs. 4.4 ± 0.52 pg/ml, p = 0.0076). The frequency of the IL-10 -819 T/T genotype was significantly higher in patients with postoperative pneumonia than in patients without pneumonia (p = 0.0323). Multivariate analysis of factors such as sex, smoking, length of operation, field of lymph node dissection, and IL-10 polymorphism identified IL-10 polymorphism as independent predictor of postoperative pneumonia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with IL-10 -819 T/T genotype may be at high risk for postoperative pneumonia after esophagectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oka
authors.forename: Shigehumi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshino
authors.forename: Shoichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hazama
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Okayama
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hinoda
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D016629:Esophagectomy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D017678:Sex Distribution; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D016753:Interleukin-10