title: The morphology and functions of articular chondrocytes on a honeycomb-patterned surface.
abstract: The present study investigated the potential of a novel micropatterned substrate for neocartilage formation. Articular chondrocytes were cultured on poly( ɛ-caprolactone) materials whose surfaces were either flat or honeycomb-patterned. The latter was prepared using a novel self-organization technique, while the former, was prepared by spin-coating. The chondrocytes attached and proliferated on both surfaces. On the honeycomb films, chondrocytes were found at the top surface and encased within the 10  μm pores. Meanwhile, chondrocytes on the spin-coated surface flattened out. Accumulation of DNA and keratin sulphate was comparatively higher on the honeycomb films within the first 7 days. At their respective peaks, DNA concentration increased on the honeycomb and flat surfaces by approximately 210% and 400% of their day 1 values, respectively. However, cultures on the flat surface took longer to peak. Extracellular Matrix (ECM) concentrations peaked at 900% and 320% increases for the honeycomb and flat cultures. Type II collagen was upregulated on the honeycomb and flat surfaces by as much as 28% and 25% of their day 1 values, while aggrecan was downregulated with time, by 3.4% and 7.4%. These initial results demonstrate the potential usefulness of honeycomb-based scaffolds during early cultures neocartilage and soft tissue engineering.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1. Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.
authors.forename: Joshua O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Eniwumide
authors.affiliation: Creative Research Initiative "Sousei" (CRIS), Hokkaido University, N21 W10 Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan ; Department of Biochemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Creative Research Initiative "Sousei" (CRIS), Hokkaido University, N21 W10 Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuhiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.affiliation: Creative Research Initiative "Sousei" (CRIS), Hokkaido University, N21 W10 Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.affiliation: School of Engineering and Materials Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK.
authors.forename: Joost
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Bruijn
authors.affiliation: Creative Research Initiative "Sousei" (CRIS), Hokkaido University, N21 W10 Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan.
authors.forename: Sadaaki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Medicine and Joint Reconstruction Surgery, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Kita-15 Nishi-7 Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan.
authors.forename: Shin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Onodera
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Medicine and Joint Reconstruction Surgery, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Kita-15 Nishi-7 Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan.
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Medicine and Joint Reconstruction Surgery, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Kita-15 Nishi-7 Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.affiliation: Creative Research Initiative "Sousei" (CRIS), Hokkaido University, N21 W10 Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan ; World Premier International Research Center Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.
authors.forename: Masatsugu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shimomura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D011091:Polyesters / Q000737:chemistry; D011817:Rabbits; D013499:Surface Properties; D023822:Tissue Engineering
chemical_list: D011091:Polyesters; C016240:polycaprolactone