title: Monitoring bisphenol A and estrogenic chemicals in thermal paper with yeast-based bioreporter assay.
abstract: Bioluminescent Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast-based bioreporters were used to monitor bisphenol A and other estrogenic chemicals in thermal paper samples collected mainly from Finland on two occasions in 2010/2011, and 2013. The bisphenol A-targeted (BPA-R) and the human oestrogen receptor (hERα) bioreporters were applied to analyse both non-treated and extracted paper samples. Bisphenol A was readily bioavailable to the yeast bioreporters on the non-treated paper samples without any pre-treatment. Detected concentrations ranged from a detection limit of 9-142 μg/g to over 20 mg/g of bisphenol A equivalents in the thermal papers. Low bisphenol A like activities were detected in many samples, and were considered to be caused by residual bisphenol A or other types of bisphenols, such as bisphenol S. Most of the thermal paper samples were toxic to the yeast bioreporters. The toxicity did not, however, depend on the bisphenol A concentration of the samples. The yeast bioreporters were demonstrated to be a robust and cost-efficient method to monitor thermal paper samples for their bisphenol A content and estrogenicity. Thermal paper was considered as a potential BPA source for both human exposure and environmental emission.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 9), Helsinki, 00790, Finland, johanna.rajasarkka@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rajasärkkä
authors.forename: Jani
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Koponen
authors.forename: Riikka
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Airaksinen
authors.forename: Hannu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kiviranta
authors.forename: Marko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Virta
mesh_terms: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D057230:Limit of Detection; D010209:Paper; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D010636:Phenols; C506487:ESR1 protein, human; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds