title: Comparison of the effects of the pretreatment and treatment with RhIL-11 on acute liver failure induced by D-galactosamine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effects of the pretreatment and treatment with recombinant human interleukin-11 (rhIL-11) on acute liver failure induced by D-galactosamine (D-GalN).
  
  
  METHODS
  The Sprague Dawley (SD) male rats were randomly divided into five groups: control, model, pretreatment, treatment and repeated treatment groups. The acute liver failure model was established by intraperitoneal injections with D-GalN (1400 mg/kg). The pretreatment, treatment and repeated treatment groups were injected subcutaneously with rhIL-11 (500 µg/kg). The rats were killed 24, 48, or 72 h after the D-GalN injection. The symptoms and survival rate of the rats were analysed. Liver injury was assessed by serum ALT and AST levels and by histological analysis. The percentage of Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA+) cells in the liver tissue was evaluated by immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the model group, the survival rate of the pretreatment group improved markedly, and these rats were protected from severe hepatic injury, as shown by the decreased serum ALT and AST levels and improved histological results. In the pretreatment group, the percentage of PCNA+ cells was significantly increased in the late stage. In contrast, the treatment and repeated treatment groups did not show improved survival rates or the prevention of severe hepatic injury, as shown by the absence of any decrease in the serum ALT and AST levels and the lack of any improvement in the histological results.The treatment and repeated treatment groups also have a significant increase in the percentage of PCNA+ cells in the late stage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pretreatment with rhIL-11 can reduce acute liver failure and protect the liver. In contrast, the treatment with rhIL-11 cannot reduce acute liver failure or protect the liver.
authors.affiliation: Third Central Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China. hantaomd @126.com.
authors.forename: X-H
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Nie
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: F-U
authors.initials: FU
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: S-H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Z-Y
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: H-L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Xiang
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019610:Cytoprotection; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005688:Galactosamine; D006801:Humans; D017370:Interleukin-11 / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D017114:Liver Failure, Acute / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C508611:IL11 protein, human; D017370:Interleukin-11; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D020011:Protective Agents; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D005688:Galactosamine; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase