title: Speckle strain echocardiography predicts outcome in patients with heart failure with both depressed and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  While speckle imaging has been shown to predict outcome in patients with heart failure (HF), it remains unclear whether speckle strain predicts outcome in patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF).
  
  
  METHODS
  Four hundred twenty patients with HF by Framingham criteria and either: left ventricular (LV) EF <50%, or elevated LV filling pressure by comprehensive echo Doppler study in the setting of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥50%, were enrolled. Speckle tracking was used to measure strain and strain rate in multiple vectors. The primary endpoint was HF hospitalization or cardiovascular death.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Follow-up was completed in 380/420 patients (90%). The mean age was 55.7 ± 0.8 years, 191/380 (50%) were male, 319/380 (84%) were hypertensive, 183/380 (48%) were diabetic, and 152/380 (40%) had known coronary artery disease. At a mean follow-up of 369 ± 30 days, 107/380 patients (28%) reached the primary endpoint: 97 HF rehospitalizations and 10 cardiac deaths. The best univariate predictors of outcome were global longitudinal peak strain (GLPS) (χ(2) = 25.6, P < 0.001), mitral DT (χ(2) = 16.8, P < 0.001), LVEF (χ(2) = 16.7, P < 0.0001), longitudinal early diastolic strain (χ(2) = 8.7, P = 0.003), and circumferential peak strain (χ(2) = 7.9, P = 0.005). On multivariate analysis, GLPS (P < 0.0001), LVEF (P = 0.0002), and mitral DT (P = 0.005) were independent predictors of outcome. In the 100 HF patients with preserved LVEF, there were 17 events. Patients with GPLS ≤-15 had significantly better event-free survival than patients with GPLS >-15 (χ(2) = 4.1, P = 0.04), whereas LVEF did not predict event-free survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Speckle strain echocardiography is an important predictor of outcome in HF patients with both depressed and preserved LVEF.
authors.affiliation: Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Mark R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Stampehl
authors.forename: Douglas L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Mann
authors.forename: John S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cota
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Colmenares
authors.forename: Hisham
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dokainish
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D015984:Causality; D015897:Comorbidity; D054459:Elasticity Imaging Techniques / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000401:mortality*; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013318:Stroke Volume; D015996:Survival Rate; D013781:Texas / Q000453:epidemiology; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000401:mortality*
keywords: heart failure; outcome; speckle tracking echocardiography; strain imaging