title: Ultra-widefield imaging with autofluorescence and indocyanine green angiography in central serous chorioretinopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the spectrum of ultra-widefield autofluorescence (AF) and indocyanine green (ICG) angiographic findings in central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective observational case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 37 patients, 65 eyes with CSC from 2 vitreoretinal clinical practices were imaged using ultra-widefield AF and 24 of these eyes with ultra-widefield ICG angiography. Images were correlated with clinical findings and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 37 (57%) eyes, a variety of altered AF patterns, including gravitational tracts, extended beyond the posterior 50 degrees of retina. Hyper-AF corresponded to areas of subretinal fluid (SRF) on spectral-domain OCT and was found to persist in 44 (70%) eyes for up to 8 years despite resolution of SRF. These areas corresponded to outer retinal atrophy with viable retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) on spectral-domain OCT and may be explained by the unmasking of normal background RPE AF. Ultra-widefield ICG angiography revealed dilated choroidal vessels and choroidal hyperpermeability in areas corresponding to altered AF on ultra-widefield AF in all 24 eyes. In 20 (83.3%) eyes, dilated vessels were observed in association with 1 or more congested vortex veins ampullas, suggesting that outflow congestion may be a contributing factor to the pathogenesis of CSC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ultra-widefield AF and ICG angiography in CSC revealed more widespread disease in a single image than with standard field imaging and may be useful for identifying peripheral areas of previous or ongoing SRF and choroidal hyperpermeability that can assist in the diagnosis of CSC, surveillance of recurrent disease and treatment of active disease.
authors.affiliation: Vitreous, Retina, Macula Consultants of New York, New York, New York; LuEsther T. Mertz Retinal Research Center, Manhattan Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Claudine E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.affiliation: Vitreous, Retina, Macula Consultants of New York, New York, New York; New York University School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Vinnie P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: Retinal Disorders and Ophthalmic Genetics Division, Jules Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California; Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare Center, Los Angeles, California.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sarraf
authors.affiliation: Vitreous, Retina, Macula Consultants of New York, New York, New York; LuEsther T. Mertz Retinal Research Center, Manhattan Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital, New York, New York; New York University School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, New York, New York. Electronic address: kbfnyf@aol.com.
authors.forename: K Bailey
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Freund
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D056833:Central Serous Chorioretinopathy / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D061848:Optical Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D055213:Retinal Pigment Epithelium / Q000473:pathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000379:methods; D014792:Visual Acuity
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D007208:Indocyanine Green