title: Evaluation of standardized endodontic paper point tear test in New Zealand white rabbits and comparison between corneal sensitivity followed tear tests.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate endodontic paper point tear test (PPTT) in rabbits and compare changes in corneal touch threshold (CTT) induced by Schirmer tear test (STT) and PPTT. Normal corneal sensitivity recovery time after both tear tests was also measured. Also, mean PPTT and STT values were obtained.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tear production of 20 eyes, from 10 rabbits, was evaluated using STT and the PPTT. Central corneal touch threshold was measured by a Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer before any tear test was performed (zero time), immediately after the test (1 min), and consecutively at 6, 11, 16, and 26 min. Tests were conducted on three consecutive days: Day 1 - control condition, no tear tests performed only the CTT; Day 2 - CTT before and after PPTT; and Day 3 - CTT before and after STT. CTT values were compared using repeated measures ANOVA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Corneal touch threshold was significantly increased for at least 16 min after STT, indicating STT causes corneal discomfort. No difference was found between CTT following PPTT and controls, indicating PPTT caused minimal corneal discomfort. The mean (±SD) value for STT was 5.2 ± 1.0 mm/min and for PPTT was 13.8 ± 1.5 mm/min.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The aqueous fraction of rabbit's tears can be successfully measured by PPTT. This report established reference values for PPTT in rabbits. Additionally, the absence of a significant difference in CTT after PPTT compared with controls shows that PPTT is well tolerated by rabbits. Considering the improved comfort (compared with STT), accuracy, and low cost, PPTT is a bona fide method of measuring aqueous tear production in rabbits.
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Medicine Department, Federal University of Paraná, Rua dos Funcionários, 1540, Juvevê, 80035-050, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leandro
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.forename: Rogério Ribas
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Lange
authors.forename: Amália
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Turner-Giannico
authors.forename: Fabiano
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Montiani-Ferreira
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003315:Cornea / Q000502:physiology*; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological / Q000662:veterinary*; D007765:Lacrimal Apparatus / Q000378:metabolism; D010637:Phenolsulfonphthalein; D011817:Rabbits / Q000502:physiology*; D011934:Reagent Strips; D013666:Tears / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D011934:Reagent Strips; D010637:Phenolsulfonphthalein
keywords: Schirmer tear test; corneal touch threshold; endodontic paper point tear test; rabbits; tear production