title: KIR/HLA interactions negatively affect rituximab- but not GA101 (obinutuzumab)-induced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity.
abstract: Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) mediated by NK cells is regulated by inhibitory killer cell Ig-like receptors (KIRs), which interact with target cell HLA class I. We analyzed how KIR/HLA interactions influence ADCC induced by rituximab and by GA101, a novel type II CD20 Ab glycoengineered for increased FcgRIII binding and ADCC capacity. We found that KIR/HLA interactions strongly and selectively inhibit rituximab-induced in vitro ADCC toward target cells expressing cognate HLA KIR ligands. NK cells of donors carrying all three ligands to inhibitory KIR showed weak activation and target cell depletion capacity when incubated with rituximab and KIR-ligand matched target B cells. In contrast, NK cells from individuals missing one or more KIR ligands activated more strongly and depleted KIR ligand-matched target B cells more efficiently in the presence of rituximab. NK cells expressing a KIR for which the ligand was absent were the main effectors of ADCC in these donors. Notably, the influence of KIR/HLA interactions on NK cell activation was synergistic with the effect of the V158F FCGR3A single nucleotide polymorphism. In contrast, GA101 induced activation of NK cells irrespective of inhibitory KIR expression, and efficiency of target cell depletion was not negatively affected by KIR/HLA interactions. These data show that modification of the Fc fragment to enhance ADCC can be an effective strategy to augment the efficacy of therapeutic mAbs by recruiting NK cells irrespective of their inhibitory KIR expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland; and.
authors.forename: Grzegorz
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Terszowski
authors.affiliation: Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Glycart AG, CH-8952 Schlieren, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland; and martin.stern@usb.ch.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stern
mesh_terms: D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / Q000494:pharmacology*; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000920:Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D017452:Receptors, IgG / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D054340:Receptors, KIR / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D000069283:Rituximab
chemical_list: D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; C496124:FCGR3A protein, human; D006680:HLA Antigens; D017452:Receptors, IgG; D054340:Receptors, KIR; D000069283:Rituximab; C543332:obinutuzumab