title: Understanding the influence of the tumor microenvironment on macrophage responses to CD40 agonists.
abstract: Both TH1 and TH2 cytokines influence the antitumor functions of macrophages. We have recently shown that interferon γ (IFNγ) licenses the antineoplastic functions of CD40 ligand (CD40L)-stimulated macrophages more efficiently than interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13. The presence of a TH1 and TH2 skewed tumor microenvironment may therefore influence therapeutic responses to CD40 agonists, agents that are showing promise in preliminary clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: MedImmune Ltd.; Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Luheshi
authors.affiliation: MedImmune Ltd.; Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Gareth
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.affiliation: MedImmune Ltd.; Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Legg
keywords: CD40; macrophage; microenvironment; pancreatic cancer; polarization