title: Tea bag filter paper as a novel protective membrane for micro-solid phase extraction of butachlor in aqueous samples.
abstract: An innovative, cost-effective, simple, and environmental friendly tea bag filter paper protected micro-solid phase extraction (μ-SPE) technique was developed for the first time with the aim to miniaturize and minimize the use of organic solvents for the extraction and determination of butachlor in aqueous samples. The μ-SPE device was produced by packing 3.0 mg of an easily synthesized new sorbent, hydroxyl-functionalized polypyrrole (OH-PPY), inside a small tea bag filter paper sachet (1.0 cm × 0.5 cm) that served as a protective envelope. Both the extraction and desorption procedures were facilitated by sonication. Due to the high porosity and the fast water absorption of the tea bag filter paper, the analyte could easily diffuse through and enhance the interaction with the sorbent. Under the optimized conditions for the GC-ECD and the μ-SPE, the limit of detection (S/N ≥ 3) was 2.0 μg L(-1) while the limit of quantitation (S/N ≥ 10) was 10.0 μg L(-1). The recoveries of the butachlor spiked at 0.050, 0.10, and 0.50 μg mL(-1) ranged from 77.9 ± 3.0 to 112.5 ± 2.9%. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of butachlor in water samples from paddy cultivation sites. The levels found were from non-detectable to 24.71 ± 0.37 μg L(-1).
authors.affiliation: a Trace Analysis and Biosensor Research Center, Prince of Songkla University , Hat Yai , Songkhla , Thailand.
authors.forename: Tshering
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pelden
authors.forename: Chongdee
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Thammaknet
authors.forename: Panote
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thavarungkul
authors.forename: Proespichaya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kanatharana
mesh_terms: D065966:Absorption, Physicochemical; D000083:Acetanilides / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005374:Filtration; D016062:Porosity; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000083:Acetanilides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014867:Water; C054409:butachlor
keywords: Hydroxyl-functionalized polypyrrole; butachlor; micro-solid phase extraction; tea bag filter paper