title: Development of a point-of-use fortification technology for delivery of micronutrients in Honduras.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Micronutrient deficiencies continue to afflict children rural populations around the world. A micronutrient delivery vehicle (MDV) was developed as a point-of-use technology for fortification of meals for school-age children beneficiaries of the Healthy Schools Program (HSP) in Honduras.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MDV combines micronutrient powder through a traditional dough-making process, using staple flours (wheat and nixtamalized corn), oil and water as ingredients. After mixing the ingredients and kneading, dough is extruded through a specially designed hand press into noodles. After drying (overnight, 23°C), noodles are broken into small pieces, mixed (1:100 w/w) with rice and cooked as customary. Dispersion studies with NaFeEDTA showed adequate distribution (<10% RSD) and recovery (>90%) in white rice. Color changes in MDV due to addition of vitamin A and iron (NaFeEDTA) carried forward into cooked rice. In Honduras, children from two rural schools (N = 47, 6-12 years) were not able to differentiate (triangle test) between control and unfortified MDV mixed (1:100 w/w) with white rice. Children from four schools (N = 83, 7-12 years) accepted control and iron fortified rice (3 mg Fe per serving) based on color and flavor similarly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is a feasible point-of-use fortification technology for improvement of meals provided by the HSP in Honduras.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA.
authors.forename: Juan E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.forename: Eliana
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rosales
authors.forename: Julio R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.forename: E Paola
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Carrillo
authors.forename: Nicki J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Engeseth
authors.forename: William G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Helferich
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D003116:Color; D003258:Consumer Behavior; D003677:Deficiency Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D005518:Food Preferences; D005527:Food, Fortified; D006721:Honduras; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000090463:Iron Deficiencies; D008297:Male; D062407:Meals; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000172:deficiency / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012275:Oryza; D011208:Powders; D014908:Triticum; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003313:Zea mays
chemical_list: D018977:Micronutrients; D011208:Powders; D014801:Vitamin A; D007501:Iron
keywords: iron; micronutrients; point-of-use fortification; rural households; school meals