title: Cytotoxicity and physical properties of tricalcium silicate-based endodontic materials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity, setting time and compressive strength of MTA and two novel tricalcium silicate-based endodontic materials, Bioaggregate (BA) and Biodentine (BD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cytotoxicity was evaluated by using a 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-((phenylamino)carbonyl)-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide (XTT) assay. Measurements of 9 heavy metals (arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, lead, manganese, nickel, and zinc) were performed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) of leachates obtained by soaking the materials in distilled water. Setting time and compressive strength tests were performed following ISO requirements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BA had comparable cell viability to MTA, whereas the cell viability of BD was significantly lower than that of MTA. The ICP-MS analysis revealed that BD released significantly higher amount of 5 heavy metals (arsenic, copper, iron, manganese, and zinc) than MTA and BA. The setting time of BD was significantly shorter than that of MTA and BA, and the compressive strength of BA was significantly lower than that of MTA and BD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BA and BD were biocompatible, and they did not show any cytotoxic effects on human periodontal ligament fibroblasts. BA showed comparable cytotoxicity to MTA but inferior physical properties. BD had somewhat higher cytotoxicity but superior physical properties than MTA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Chonnam National University School of Dentistry and Dental Science Research Institute, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Eun
authors.initials: YE
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Chonnam National University School of Dentistry and Dental Science Research Institute, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Bin-Na
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, Chonnam National University School of Dentistry and Dental Science Research Institute, Gwangju, Korea. ; Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, Chonnam National University, Gwangu, Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong-Tae
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Materials, Chonnam National University School of Dentistry and Dental Science Research Institute, Gwangju, Korea. ; Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, Chonnam National University, Gwangu, Korea.
authors.forename: Yeong-Joon
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Nam-Eok
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Joo
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Chonnam National University School of Dentistry and Dental Science Research Institute, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Hoon-Sang
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Chonnam National University School of Dentistry and Dental Science Research Institute, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: In-Nam
authors.initials: IN
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Chonnam National University School of Dentistry and Dental Science Research Institute, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Won-Mann
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Chonnam National University School of Dentistry and Dental Science Research Institute, Gwangju, Korea. ; Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, Chonnam National University, Gwangu, Korea.
authors.forename: Yun-Chan
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Hwang
keywords: Bioaggregate; Biodentine; Compressive strength; Cytotoxicity; MTA; Setting time