title: Post-thaw sperm characteristics following long-term storage of boar semen in liquid nitrogen.
abstract: This study investigated the effect of long-term liquid nitrogen storage of semen from individual boars on post-thaw sperm characteristics. Ejaculates, collected from five Polish large white (PLW) and five Polish landrace (PLR) boars, were frozen using a standard cryopreservation protocol. Post-thaw analysis was performed within a week (Period 1) and 42-48 months (Period 2) of semen storage in liquid nitrogen. Post-thaw sperm assessments included total motility, mitochondrial function (JC-1/PI assay), plasma membrane integrity (SYBR-14/PI assay), osmotic resistance test (ORT), lipid peroxidation (LPO) status and DNA fragmentation, analysed by the neutral Comet assay. Individual boar variability within breed and cryostorage periods had significant effects on the analysed parameters of frozen-thawed spermatozoa. Prolonged semen storage in liquid nitrogen (Period 2) induced a marked reduction in post-thaw sperm motility, mitochondrial function and plasma membrane integrity in most of the boars. Post-thaw semen of eight boars exhibited a marked decrease in osmotic resistance of the sperm acrosomal membrane, whereas a significant increase in the sperm cryo-susceptibility to induced LPO and DNA fragmentation was observed only in three boars after long-term semen storage. Additionally, frozen-thawed spermatozoa of PLR boars exhibited significantly lower osmotic resistance of the acrosomal membrane than PLW boars following prolonged semen storage in liquid nitrogen. The results of this study provide evidence of ageing processes in frozen-thawed boar spermatozoa following prolonged cryostorage. It seems that, even though cryopreservation allows long-term semen storage in liquid nitrogen, spermatozoa from individual boars are more susceptible to cryo-induced damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, Warmia and Mazury University in Olsztyn, Oczapowski Street 5, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland. Electronic address: fraser@uwm.edu.pl.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fraser
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, Warmia and Mazury University in Olsztyn, Oczapowski Street 5, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Strzeżek
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, Warmia and Mazury University in Olsztyn, Oczapowski Street 5, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kordan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000379:methods*; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D005615:Freezing; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009997:Osmotic Pressure; D012661:Semen / Q000187:drug effects*; D055101:Semen Analysis; D012662:Semen Preservation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D013552:Swine; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: Boar, Spermatozoa; Cryostorage; Liquid nitrogen; Semen storage