title: Disparities in current cigarette smoking prevalence by type of disability, 2009-2011.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Smoking, the leading cause of disease and death in the United States, has been linked to a number of health conditions including cancer and cardiovascular disease. While people with a disability have been shown to be more likely to report smoking, little is known about the prevalence of smoking by type of disability, particularly for adults younger than 50 years of age.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used data from the 2009-2011 National Health Interview Survey to estimate the prevalence of smoking by type of disability and to examine the association of functional disability type and smoking among adults aged 18-49 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adults with a disability were more likely than adults without a disability to be current smokers (38.8% vs. 20.7%, p<0.001). Among adults with disabilities, the prevalence of smoking ranged from 32.4% (self-care difficulty) to 43.8% (cognitive limitation). When controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, having a disability was associated with statistically significantly higher odds of current smoking (adjusted odds ratio = 1.57, 95% confidence interval 1.40, 1.77).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of current smoking for adults was higher for every functional disability type than for adults without a disability. By understanding the association between smoking and disability type among adults younger than 50 years of age, resources for cessation services can be better targeted during the ages when increased time for health improvement can occur.
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Division of Human Development and Disability, Atlanta, GA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Courtney-Long
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Division of Human Development and Disability, Atlanta, GA.
authors.forename: Alissa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office on Smoking and Health, Epidemiology Branch, Atlanta, GA.
authors.forename: Ralph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Caraballo
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Association of University Centers on Disabilities, Atlanta, GA.
authors.forename: Ismaila
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ramon
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Division of Human Development and Disability, Atlanta, GA.
authors.forename: Brian S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Armour
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult