title: Pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables from the Aegean region, Turkey.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables from the Aegean region of Turkey. A total of 1423 samples of fresh fruit and vegetables were collected from 2010 to 2012. The samples were analysed to determine the concentrations of 186 pesticide residues. The analyses utilized ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS/MS) and gas chromatography with an electron capture detector (GC-ECD) confirmed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after a multi-residue extraction procedure (the QuEChERS method). The results were evaluated according to maximum residue limits (MRLs) for each commodity and pesticide by Turkish Regulation. All pomegranate, cauliflower and cabbage samples were pesticides-free. A total of 754 samples contained detectable residues at or below MRLs, and 48 (8.4%) of the fruit samples and 83 (9.8%) of the vegetable samples contained pesticide residues above MRLs. MRL values were most often exceeded in arugula, cucumber, lemon, and grape commodities. All detected pesticides in apricot, carrot, kiwifruit and leek were below the MRLs. Acetamiprid, chlorpyriphos and carbendazim were the most detected pesticide residues.
authors.affiliation: Food Control and Research Laboratory, Aybak Natura, Izmir, Turkey. Electronic address: gozde.turkoz@naturalab.com.tr.
authors.forename: Gözde Türköz
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Bakırcı
authors.affiliation: Food Control and Research Laboratory, Aybak Natura, Izmir, Turkey. Electronic address: bengu.yaman@naturalab.com.tr.
authors.forename: Dilek Bengü
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Yaman Acay
authors.affiliation: Food Control and Research Laboratory, Aybak Natura, Izmir, Turkey. Electronic address: fatih.bakirci@naturalab.com.tr.
authors.forename: Fatih
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bakırcı
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Engineering, Ege University, 35100 Izmir, Bornova, Turkey. Electronic address: semih.otles@ege.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Semih
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ötleş
mesh_terms: D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D014421:Turkey; D014675:Vegetables / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D010573:Pesticide Residues
keywords: Fruits and vegetables; GC–ECD/GC–MS; Pesticides residues; UPLC–MS/MS