title: In vivo comparative model of oxygen plasma and nanocomposite particles on PLGA membranes for guided bone regeneration processes to be applied in pre-prosthetic surgery: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the bone regeneration potential of a new membrane fabricated with polyglycolide acid (PLGA) after being treated with oxygen plasma (PO2), and/or being functionalized with silicon dioxide (SiO2) or titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bone defects (5 mm 3 mm) were produced on the top of 3 experimentation rabbits’ skulls and were covered with variously modified PLGA scaffolds. After the animals were sacrificed, neoformed bone (%), mineralized bone (mm), bone resorption (%), osteoclasts/mm2, and intensity of osteosynthetic activity, were assessed under microscope.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The following groups were formed depending on the type of membrane: PLGA (control); PLGA/PO2; PLGA/SiO2; PLGA/TiO2; PLGA/PO2/SiO2; and PLGA/PO2/TiO2. The histological sections showed bone layers in advanced stages of formation. The highest percentages of neoformed bone corresponded to PLGA/PO2/SiO2 membranes (59.07%; p = 0.31) followed by PLGA/PO2 barriers (50.27%). The controls showed the lowest mineralization (13.89 mm; p = 0.24). PLGA/TiO2 scaffolds exhibited the least bone resorption (4.45%; p = 0.77) and osteoclasts/ mm2 (1.58; p = 0.86). PLGA/SiO2 and PLGA/TiO2 membranes stimulated the maximum osteosynthetic activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The treatment of PLGA barriers with PO2 increased bone regeneration in rabbits. When comparing the effect of PO2/SiO2 and PO2/TiO2, higher percentages of neoformed bone were encountered after silicon-dioxide coating.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incorporation of SiO2 nanoparticles onto PO2-treated PLGA membranes was the most promising technique out of those investigated to promote bone formation in rabbits. The addition of SiO2 or TiO2 layers to PLGA substrates may stimulate the osteosynthetic activity, which might be useful to restore bone dimensions in preparation for naturally appearing dental prostheses.
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Castillo-Dalí
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Castillo-Oyagüe
authors.forename: Antonia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Terriza
authors.forename: Jean L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Saffar
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Batista
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barranco
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cabezas-Talavero
authors.forename: Christopher D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Lynch
authors.forename: Brigitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Barouk
authors.forename: Anni
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Llorens
authors.forename: Alastair J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Sloan
authors.forename: Rocío V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Cayón
authors.forename: José L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez-Pérez
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Torres-Lagares
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001847:Bone Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000473:pathology; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry*; D048091:Guided Tissue Regeneration / Q000295:instrumentation*; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D053761:Nanocomposites / Q000737:chemistry*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000473:pathology; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000473:pathology; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D058626:Plasma Gases / Q000737:chemistry*; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011817:Rabbits; D011897:Random Allocation; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D012886:Skull / Q000601:surgery; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D058626:Plasma Gases; C009495:titanium dioxide; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D014025:Titanium; D010100:Oxygen