title: Natural and natural-like phenolic inhibitors of type B trichothecene in vitro production by the wheat (Triticum sp.) pathogen Fusarium culmorum.
abstract: Fusarium culmorum, a fungal pathogen of small grain cereals, produces 4-deoxynivalenol and its acetylated derivatives that may cause toxicoses on humans or animals consuming contaminated food or feed. Natural and natural-like compounds belonging to phenol and hydroxylated biphenyl structural classes were tested in vitro to determine their activity on vegetative growth and trichothecene biosynthesis by F. culmorum. Most of the compounds tested at 1.5 or 1.0 mM reduced 3-acetyl-4-deoxynivalenol production by over 70% compared to the control, without affecting fungal growth significantly. Furthermore, several compounds retained their ability to inhibit toxin in vitro production at the lowest concentrations of 0.5 and 0.25 mM. Magnolol 27 showed fungicidal activity even at 0.1 mM. No linear correlation was observed between antioxidant properties of the compounds and their ability to inhibit fungal growth and mycotoxigenic capacity. A guaiacyl unit in the structure may play a key role in trichothecene inhibition.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Agraria, Sezione di Patologia Vegetale ed Entomologia and Unità di Ricerca Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Università degli Studi di Sassari , Viale Italia 39, I-07100 Sassari, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pani
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Scherm
authors.forename: Emanuela
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Azara
authors.forename: Virgilio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Balmas
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jahanshiri
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Carta
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fabbri
authors.forename: Maria Antonietta
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Dettori
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fadda
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dessì
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dallocchio
authors.forename: Quirico
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Migheli
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Delogu
mesh_terms: D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005670:Fusarium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010636:Phenols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000378:metabolism*; D014908:Triticum / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D009183:Mycotoxins; D010636:Phenols; D014255:Trichothecenes