title: The influence of dietary taurine and reduced housing density on hepatic functions in laying hens.
abstract: To investigate the influence of dietary taurine and reduced housing density on hepatic functions in laying hens, green-shell laying hens were randomly assigned to 3 groups: a free-range group, a caged group with low-density, and a caged group with high-density. Each group was further divided into the control (C) and taurine-treatment (T) groups. All the test birds were fed the same basic diet, except that the T groups were supplemented with 0.1% taurine. After 15 d, sera and liver were aseptically collected. The results show that dietary taurine supplementation and reduced housing density significantly attenuated physiopathological changes in the liver. When compared with the free-range group, serum alanine aminotransterase and aspartate aminotransterase in the caged hens were significantly higher and were deceased by taurine (P < 0.05). Serum inducible nitric oxide synthase activity in caged hens was higher than that in free-range hens, and taurine reduced serum inducible nitric oxide synthase activities in the low-density group (P < 0.05). Nuclear factor-κB DNA-binding activity increased significantly in the high-density housing group when compared with the other 2 housing patterns and was decreased by taurine (P < 0.05). Taurine reduced the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α mRNA in all 3 rearing patterns, IL-4 mRNA expression in the high-density group, and IL-10 in the low-density group (P < 0.05). Malondialdehyde levels decreased in serum and liver from T groups and serum total antioxidation capability levels increased significantly (P < 0.05) in the low-density group. Dietary taurine supplementation decreased acetyl-CoA and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c mRNA expression in the high-density groups (P < 0.05). Taurine significantly increased lipoprotein lipase mRNA expression in the high-density group and peroxisome proliferator receptor mRNA expression both in the low- and high-density groups (P < 0.05). Taurine supplementation reduced total cholesterol levels in the low- and high-density groups, decreased triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in high-density groups, and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in all 3 rearing patterns (P < 0.05). Our data demonstrate that dietary taurine and reduced housing density offer significant protection from hepatic damage in laying hens.
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau of Dongyang City in Zhejiang Province, Dongyang 322100, China.
authors.forename: Zili
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: National Research Center for Veterinary Vaccine Engineering and Technology of China, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
authors.forename: Jinqiu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
authors.forename: Haitian
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
authors.forename: Liuhai
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China miaojinfeng@njau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jinfeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Miao
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
authors.forename: Yuanshu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000378:metabolism; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000592:standards; D000818:Animals; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D030161:Avian Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002645:Chickens / Q000378:metabolism*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D006799:Housing, Animal; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology; D009043:Motor Activity; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D013654:Taurine
chemical_list: D030161:Avian Proteins; D013654:Taurine; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase
keywords: laying hen; liver injury; rearing pattern; taurine; welfare