title: Use of human papillomavirus vaccine in HIV-infected men for the prevention of anal dysplasia and cancer.
abstract: There are two commercially available vaccines licensed worldwide for the prevention of cervical cancer and other human papillomavirus-associated cancers such as anal cancer. However, only two countries have implemented healthcare programs that include human papillomavirus vaccination for boys and men. Although most of the human papillomavirus-related cancers in the world are attributable to cervical cancer, in developed countries anal cancer accounts for a larger proportion of human papillomavirus-related cancers. Most cases of anal cancer occur in HIV-infected men who have sex with men. In this review, we discuss the burden of human papillomavirus-related cancers in men, the most plausible immune mechanism associated with the high efficacy of the human papillomavirus vaccine, and address key issues of vaccination for HIV-infected men. Finally, we review cost-effectiveness considerations for the use of the vaccine in boys and recent guidelines for vaccination in boys, with attention to HIV-infected men.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Owen Clinic, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, California, USA.
authors.forename: Edward R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Cachay
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Owen Clinic, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, California, USA.
authors.forename: Wm Christopher
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Mathews
mesh_terms: D001004:Anus Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000191:economics*; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D018451:Homosexuality, Male; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines / Q000191:economics; D055502:Secondary Prevention
chemical_list: D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines