title: Natriuretic peptides in cardiometabolic regulation and disease.
abstract: In the 30 years since the identification of the natriuretic peptides, their involvement in regulating fluid and blood pressure has become firmly established. Data indicating a role for these hormones in lifestyle-related metabolic and cardiovascular disorders have also accumulated over the past decade. Dysregulation of the natriuretic peptide system has been associated with obesity, glucose intolerance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and essential hypertension. Moreover, the natriuretic peptides have been implicated in the protection against atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and myocardial ischaemia. All these conditions can coexist and potentially lead to heart failure, a syndrome associated with a functional natriuretic peptide deficiency despite high circulating concentrations of immunoreactive peptides. Therefore, dysregulation of the natriuretic peptide system, a 'natriuretic handicap', might be an important factor in the initiation and progression of metabolic dysfunction and its accompanying cardiovascular complications. This Review provides a summary of the natriuretic peptide system and its involvement in these cardiometabolic conditions. We propose that these peptides might have an integrating role in lifestyle-related metabolic and cardiovascular disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Nora E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Zois
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Emil D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Bartels
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aarhus University, Brendstrupgaardsvej 100, DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: Birgitte S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Kousholt
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 9, DK-1870 Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Lisbeth H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Olsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jens P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Goetze
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D045265:Natriuretic Peptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D045265:Natriuretic Peptides