title: Operative status and survival after coronary artery bypass grafting.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The effect of race on long-term survival of patients undergoing elective and nonelective coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is currently unknown. The purpose of this study was to compare long-term survival between black and white CABG patients by operative status.
  
  
  METHODS
  Long-term survival of black versus white patients undergoing elective and nonelective CABG procedures between 1992 and 2011 was compared. Survival probabilities were computed using the Kaplan-Meier product-limit method and stratified by race. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed using a Cox regression model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 13,774 patients were included in this study. The median follow-up time for study participants was 8.2 years. Black patients undergoing elective CABG died sooner than whites (adjusted HR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.2-1.5). Survival was similar between blacks and whites in the nonelective population (adjusted HR = 1.0, 95% CI = 0.96-1.1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Black race was a statistically significant predictor of long-term survival after elective but not nonelective CABG.
authors.affiliation: East Carolina Heart Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC Center for Health Disparities, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC.
authors.forename: Jimmy T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Efird
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC.
authors.forename: Wesley T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: O'Neal
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA.
authors.forename: Stephen W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Jason B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: O'Neal
authors.affiliation: East Carolina Heart Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC.
authors.forename: W Randolph
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Chitwood
authors.affiliation: East Carolina Heart Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC.
authors.forename: T Bruce
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Ferguson
authors.affiliation: East Carolina Heart Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC.
authors.forename: Alan P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Kypson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000401:mortality*; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000401:mortality* / Q000601:surgery*; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures / Q000401:mortality*; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009657:North Carolina / Q000208:ethnology; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*