title: Serum fucosylated haptoglobin as a novel prognostic biomarker predicting high-Gleason prostate cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fucosylation is an oligosaccharide modification associated with cancer and inflammation, which is catalyzed by fucosyltransferases. Fucosylated haptoglobin (Fuc-Hpt) has been identified as a novel biomarker for pancreatic cancer. In this study, we evaluated serum Fuc-Hpt as a biomarker for prostate cancer, and investigated the expression of fucosyltransferases and haptoglobin in prostate cancer cell lines.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured the preoperative serum Fuc-Hpt levels in 98 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) using an established lectin-antibody ELISA. Fucosyltransferase and haptoglobin mRNA and protein expressions in prostate cancer cell lines were determined using quantitative PCR and Western blotting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum Fuc-Hpt levels were significantly associated with Gleason score (GS), but not prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. The area under the receiver-operator characteristics curve (AUC) for the prediction of GS ≥7 in prostatectomy specimens by Fuc-Hpt was 0.753, in contrast to the PSA AUC of 0.561 and the PSAD AUC of 0.558. The Fuc-Hpt AUC for the prediction of GS upgrade from GS 6 at biopsy to GS ≥7 after RP was 0.689, in contrast to the PSA AUC of 0.588 and PSAD AUC of 0.557. Multivariable analysis revealed that Fuc-Hpt levels were significantly associated with biochemical recurrence after prostatectomy. A high expression of alpha-(1-6) fucosyltransferase (FUT8) and haptoglobin was observed in prostate cancer cell line, suggesting that certain kinds of prostate cancer cells produce Fuc-Hpt.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elevated serum Fuc-Hpt level could be a novel cancer biomarker for predicting the prognosis of patients with prostate cancer, particularly those with high GSs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazutoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: Mayuka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shimomura
authors.forename: Motohide
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uemura
authors.forename: Wataru
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Nakata
authors.forename: Mototaka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nagahara
authors.forename: Yasutomo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakai
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takamatsu
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Miyoshi
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nonomura
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D019540:Area Under Curve; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005647:Fucosyltransferases / Q000235:genetics; D006242:Haptoglobins / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D006242:Haptoglobins; D005647:Fucosyltransferases; C020559:Glycoprotein 6-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen
keywords: fucosylation; fucosyltransferase; haptoglobin; prostate cancer; tumor marker