title: Positive smoking outcome expectancies mediate the association between negative affect and smoking urge among women during a quit attempt.
abstract: Ecological momentary assessment was used to examine associations between negative affect, positive smoking outcome expectancies, and smoking urge during the first 7 days of a smoking quit attempt. Participants were 302 female smokers who enrolled in an individually tailored smoking cessation treatment study. Multilevel mediation analysis was used to examine the temporal relationship among the following: (a) the effects of negative affect and positive smoking outcome expectancies at 1 assessment point (e.g., time j) on smoking urge at the subsequent time point (e.g., time j + 1) in Model 1; and, (b) the effects of negative affect and smoking urge at time j on positive smoking outcome expectancies at time j + 1 in Model 2. The results from Model 1 showed a statistically significant effect of negative affect at time j on smoking urge at time j + 1, and this effect was mediated by positive smoking outcome expectancies at time j, both within- and between-participants. In Model 2, the within-participant indirect effect of negative affect at time j on positive smoking outcome expectancies at time j + 1 through smoking urge at time j was nonsignificant. However, a statistically significant indirect between-participants effect was found in Model 2. The findings support the hypothesis that urge and positive smoking outcome expectancies increase as a function of negative affect, and suggest a stronger effect of expectancies on urge as opposed to the effect of urge on expectancies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Disparities Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center.
authors.forename: Miguel Ángel
authors.initials: MÁ
authors.lastname: Cano
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Disparities Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center.
authors.forename: Cho Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center.
authors.forename: Minxing
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, The Catholic University of America.
authors.forename: Claire E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Disparities Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center.
authors.forename: Virmarie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Correa-Fernández
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Disparities Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center.
authors.forename: Diana W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.affiliation: Group Health Research Institute.
authors.forename: Jennifer B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: McClure
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center.
authors.forename: Paul M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Cinciripini
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Disparities Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center.
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Wetter
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000523:psychology*; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult