title: Reference absolute and indexed values for left and right ventricular volume, function and mass from cardiac computed tomography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumetric and functional parameters are important biomarkers for morbidity and mortality in patients with heart failure.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To retrospectively determine reference mean values of LV and RV volume, function and mass normalised by age, gender and body surface area (BSA) from retrospectively electrocardiographically gated 64-slice cardiac computed tomography (CCT) by using automated analysis software in healthy adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was approved by the institutional review board with a waiver of informed consent. Seventy-four healthy subjects (49% female, mean age 49.6 ± 11) free of hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia with a normal CCT formed the study population. Analyses of LV and RV volume (end-diastolic, end-systolic and stroke volumes), function (ejection fraction), LV mass and inter-rater reproducibility were performed with commercially available analysis software capable of automated contour detection. General linear model analysis was performed to assess statistical significance by age group after adjustment for gender and BSA. Bland-Altman analysis assessed the inter-rater agreement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The reference range for LV and RV volume, function, and LV mass was normalised to age, gender and BSA. Statistically significant differences were noted between genders in both LV mass and RV volume (P-value < 0.0001). Age, in concert with gender, was associated with significant differences in RV end-diastolic volume and LV ejection fraction (P-values 0.027 and 0.03). Bland-Altman analysis showed acceptable limits of agreement (±1.5% for ejection fraction) without systematic error.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LV and RV volume, function and mass normalised to age, gender and BSA can be reported from CCT datasets, providing additional information important for patient management.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiothoracic Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Jadranka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stojanovska
authors.forename: Hutsaya
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Prasitdumrong
authors.forename: Smita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Baskaran
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sundaram
authors.forename: Barry H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Gross
authors.forename: Zeynep N
authors.initials: ZN
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.forename: Ella A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Kazerooni
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D001830:Body Surface Area; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D009929:Organ Size / Q000502:physiology; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000592:standards*; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000592:standards*; D014481:United States; D016276:Ventricular Function / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: cardiac CT; function; left ventricle; mass; right ventricle; volume