title: Identification of quantitative trait loci and a candidate locus for freezing tolerance in controlled and outdoor environments in the overwintering crucifer Boechera stricta.
abstract: Development of chilling and freezing tolerance is complex and can be affected by photoperiod, temperature and photosynthetic performance; however, there has been limited research on the interaction of these three factors. We evaluated 108 recombinant inbred lines of Boechera stricta, derived from a cross between lines originating from Montana and Colorado, under controlled long day (LD), short-day (SD) and in an outdoor environment (OE). We measured maximum quantum yield of photosystem II, lethal temperature for 50% survival and electrolyte leakage of leaves. Our results revealed significant variation for chilling and freezing tolerance and photosynthetic performance in different environments. Using both single- and multi-trait analyses, three main-effect quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified. QTL on linkage group (LG)3 were SD specific, whereas QTL on LG4 were found under both LD and SD. Under all conditions, QTL on LG7 were identified, but were particularly predictive for the outdoor experiment. The co-localization of photosynthetic performance and freezing tolerance effects supports these traits being co-regulated. Finally, the major QTL on LG7 is syntenic to the Arabidopsis C-repeat binding factor locus, known regulators of chilling and freezing responses in Arabidopsis thaliana and other species.
authors.affiliation: Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University & Research Center, Wageningen, 6700AP, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jae-Yun
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Heo
authors.forename: Dongsheng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Xiaomu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mitchell-Olds
authors.forename: Peter H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Van Tienderen
authors.forename: Dwight
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tomes
authors.forename: M Eric
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Schranz
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000235:genetics*; D019607:Brassicaceae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D003433:Crosses, Genetic; D004573:Electrolytes / Q000032:analysis; D004780:Environment, Controlled; D005615:Freezing; D007178:Inbreeding; D008957:Models, Genetic; D010641:Phenotype; D017440:Photoperiod; D010788:Photosynthesis; D045332:Photosystem II Protein Complex / Q000378:metabolism; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D040641:Quantitative Trait Loci / Q000235:genetics*; D019655:Quantitative Trait, Heritable; D011789:Quantum Theory; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000235:genetics; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D004573:Electrolytes; D045332:Photosystem II Protein Complex
keywords: Brassicaceae; cold-tolerance; natural variation; photoperiod