title: The curved shape of Caulobacter crescentus enhances surface colonization in flow.
abstract: Each bacterial species has a characteristic shape, but the benefits of specific morphologies remain largely unknown. To understand potential functions for cell shape, we focused on the curved bacterium Caulobacter crescentus. Paradoxically, C. crescentus curvature is robustly maintained in the wild but straight mutants have no known disadvantage in standard laboratory conditions. Here we demonstrate that cell curvature enhances C. crescentus surface colonization in flow. Imaging the formation of microcolonies at high spatial and temporal resolution indicates that flow causes curved cells to orient such that they arc over the surface, thereby decreasing the distance between the surface and polar adhesive pili, and orienting pili to face the surface. C. crescentus thus repurposes pilus retraction, typically used for surface motility, for surface attachment. The benefit provided by curvature is eliminated at high flow intensity, raising the possibility that diversity in curvature adapts related species for life in different flow environments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA.
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Persat
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA.
authors.forename: Howard A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Stone
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA.
authors.forename: Zemer
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gitai
mesh_terms: D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000502:physiology*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D016935:Caulobacter crescentus / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D010861:Fimbriae, Bacterial / Q000502:physiology*; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins