title: Antioxidant bioactivity of Samsum ant (Pachycondyla sennaarensis) venom protects against CCL₄-induced nephrotoxicity in mice.
abstract: To assess whether SAV could influence the effects of carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) exposure, mice were treated with SAV in doses of 100, 200, 300 and 400  μg/kg body weight and the effects on oxidative status and kidney function were studied. Serum levels of creatinine, malondialdehyde (MDA), and blood urea, together with renal and hepatic levels of MDA, glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were quantified in order to evaluate antioxidant activity. Results showed that the group injected with CCL4 exhibited significantly higher levels of oxidative stress markers, MDA, and significantly lower concentrations of GSH, SOD and catalase. SAV was found to significantly improve these oxidative markers, occasionally, in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, treatment with SAV was associated with the same behaviour in respect to kidney functions which had previously been impaired by CCL4. Histopathological examination demonstrated that SAV, in different groups, improved the renal tissue damage induced by CCL4 and histological scores confirmed that significant improvements were obtained after treatment with SAV, particularly with the lowest dose (100  μg/kg body weight). In conclusion, SAV has the potential capability to restore oxidative stability and to improve kidney functions after CCL4 acute injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia ; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, El-Minia University, El-Minia 61591, Egypt.
authors.forename: Hossam
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ebaid
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Jameel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Al-Tamimi
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Iftekhar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Alhazza
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Al-Khalifa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001000:Ants / Q000378:metabolism*; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride / Q000633:toxicity; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D051379:Mice; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014688:Venoms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D020011:Protective Agents; D014688:Venoms; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase