title: Pilot study on the validity of the pupillographic sleepiness test in children and adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report preliminary validation data for the pupillographic sleepiness test (PST) in children and adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve patients (13.1±4.4 years of age) underwent the multiple sleep latency test (MLST) and three PSTs at 09:00, 11:00, and 13:00 on one single day. Correlations were tested between mean sleep latency and gender-adjusted z-values of the natural logarithm of the pupillary unrest index (zlnPUI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Spearman's correlation (P-value) between the zlnPUI values obtained at 09:00 and 11:00 with the MSL was rS = -0.641 (0.025) and r = -0.553 (0.062).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was satisfactory agreement between PST and the MLST, which is similar to what is found in adults. The PST may be promising for the evaluation of daytime sleepiness in children and adolescents, and should be further evaluated in future studies.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Pediatric Epidemiology, Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; Working Group on Pediatric Sleep Medicine, University Children's Hospital Tuebingen, Germany. Electronic address: urschitz@uni-mainz.de.
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Urschitz
authors.affiliation: Working Group on Pediatric Sleep Medicine, University Children's Hospital Tuebingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Heine
authors.affiliation: Working Group on Pediatric Sleep Medicine, University Children's Hospital Tuebingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Lea
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mendler
authors.affiliation: Pupil Research Group, Centre for Ophthalmology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.affiliation: Pupil Research Group, Centre for Ophthalmology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wilhelm
authors.affiliation: Working Group on Pediatric Sleep Medicine, University Children's Hospital Tuebingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Poets
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D006970:Disorders of Excessive Somnolence / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011680:Pupil / Q000502:physiology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D056508:Sleep Medicine Specialty / Q000379:methods; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Alertness; Central nervous activation; Hypersomnia; Multiple sleep latency test; Pupillography; Sleepiness