title: Nutritional biomarkers in children and adolescents with Beta-thalassemia-major: An Egyptian center experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Trace elements and vitamins play a vital role in human body to perform its function properly. Thalassemic patients are at risk of micronutrient deficiency. This study estimated levels of vitamins A, C, E, B12, folic acid, total homocysteine (tHcy), and methylmalonic acid (MMA) along with trace elements, zinc, copper, and selenium in Beta-thalassemia-major patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included 108 patients with Beta-thalassemia-major and 60 age and sex matched healthy children. Serum levels of vitamin A, E, C, tHcy, and MMA were estimated by high pressure liquid chromatography while serum levels of folic acid and B12 were estimated by thin layer chromatography. Serum zinc, copper, and selenium were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant decrease of vitamins A, C, E, and B12 and trace elements zinc, copper, and selenium in thalassemic patients as compared to controls. tHcy and MMA were significantly elevated in patients. No significant correlations were found between the serum levels of the studied vitamins and trace elements as regards age, frequency of transfusion, duration of transfusion, and serum ferritin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The level of various nutritional biomarkers (vitamins A, C, E, and B12 and trace elements zinc, copper, selenium) was reduced in chronically transfused Egyptian thalassemic patient. These patients should have periodic nutritional evaluation and supplementation. Multicenter studies are highly recommended.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Zagazig University, Egypt.
authors.forename: Laila M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Sherief
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Zagazig University, Egypt.
authors.forename: Sanaa M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Abd El-Salam
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Naglaa M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Kamal
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Zagazig University, Egypt.
authors.forename: Osama
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: El Safy
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Zagazig University, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mohamed A A
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4100-1678
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Almalky
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Zagazig University, Egypt.
authors.forename: Seham F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Azab
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Zagazig University, Egypt.
authors.forename: Hemat M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Morsy
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Zagazig University, Egypt.
authors.forename: Amal F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Gharieb
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003710:Demography; D004534:Egypt; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009747:Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000097:blood; D014815:Vitamins / Q000097:blood; D017086:beta-Thalassemia / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014131:Trace Elements; D014815:Vitamins