title: Can neutral analytes be concentrated by transient isotachophoresis in micellar electrokinetic chromatography and how much?
abstract: Transient isotachophoresis (tITP) is a versatile sample preconcentration technique that uses ITP to focus electrically charged analytes at the initial stage of CE analysis. However, according to the ruling principle of tITP, uncharged analytes are beyond its capacity while being separated and detected by micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC). On the other hand, when these are charged micelles that undergo the tITP focusing, one can anticipate the concentration effect, resulting from the formation of transient micellar stack at moving sample/background electrolyte (BGE) boundary, which increasingly accumulates the analytes. This work expands the enrichment potential of tITP for MEKC by demonstrating the quantitative analysis of uncharged metal-based drugs from highly saline samples and introducing to the BGE solution anionic surfactants and buffer (terminating) co-ions of different mobility and concentration to optimize performance. Metallodrugs of assorted lipophilicity were chosen so as to explore whether their varying affinity toward micelles plays the role. In addition to altering the sample and BGE composition, optimization of the detection capability was achieved due to fine-tuning operational variables such as sample volume, separation voltage and pressure, etc. The results of optimization trials shed light on the mechanism of micellar tITP and render effective determination of selected drugs in human urine, with practical limits of detection using conventional UV detector.
authors.affiliation: Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matczuk
authors.affiliation: Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Lidia S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Foteeva
authors.affiliation: Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jarosz
authors.affiliation: Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Mathea S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Galanski
authors.affiliation: Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Bernhard K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Keppler
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hirokawa
authors.affiliation: Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation; Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. Electronic address: andrei.timerbaev@univie.ac.at.
authors.forename: Andrei R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Timerbaev
mesh_terms: D020374:Chromatography, Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary / Q000379:methods*; D004573:Electrolytes; D006801:Humans; D057625:Isotachophoresis / Q000379:methods*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008823:Micelles; D017671:Platinum Compounds / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D004573:Electrolytes; D008823:Micelles; D017671:Platinum Compounds
keywords: Anticancer metallodrugs; Micellar electrokinetic chromatography; Preconcentration; Transient isotachophoresis