title: Clinical effects of oseltamivir, zanamivir, laninamivir and peramivir on seasonal influenza infection in outpatients in Japan during the winter of 2012-2013.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) oseltamivir, zanamivir, laninamivir and peramivir are available in Japan. However, the selective use of NAIs for treating outpatients with influenza has not been clearly defined.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assigned 191 patients with influenza to 4 groups, each treated with a different NAI, and then compared how long it took to alleviate fever and other symptoms and to eliminate the virus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Alleviation of fever occurred significantly sooner with peramivir than with either zanamivir (p = 0.0002) or oseltamivir (p = 0.0059), but was not significantly different from that with laninamivir (p = 0.0457; p < 0.0083). Other symptoms were also alleviated sooner by peramivir than by the other 3 NAIs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ability of each NAI to alleviate influenza symptoms and fever varied. The appropriate use of NAIs requires further study.
authors.affiliation: Kamijyo Clinic, Izumiotsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takemoto
authors.forename: Teizaburo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Asai
authors.forename: Itsuo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ikezoe
authors.forename: Takako
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yano
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ichikawa
authors.forename: Shogo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miyagawa
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
mesh_terms: D000146:Acids, Carbocyclic; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003517:Cyclopentanes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006146:Guanidines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009439:Neuraminidase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D053139:Oseltamivir / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010045:Outpatients; D011714:Pyrans; D012794:Sialic Acids; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult; D053243:Zanamivir / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000146:Acids, Carbocyclic; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D003517:Cyclopentanes; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D006146:Guanidines; D011714:Pyrans; D012794:Sialic Acids; D053139:Oseltamivir; C546918:laninamivir; D009439:Neuraminidase; D053243:Zanamivir; C414210:peramivir