title: Measurement of upper extremity disability using the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Current questionnaires used to measure upper extremity-specific disability can be time-consuming and subject to ceiling effects. The National Institutes of Health developed Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) measures based on computer adaptive testing (CAT), a technique that is more efficient and less subject to floor and ceiling effects than traditional questionnaires with a fixed number of questions. This study tested the correlation of the Physical Function-Upper Extremity CAT with the Quick-Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QuickDASH) questionnaire.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients presenting to our orthopedic outpatient clinic were invited to participate in this observational cross-sectional study between August and October 2013. A study sample of 84 patients completed the QuickDASH and PROMIS Physical Function-Upper Extremity CAT, and 3 other PROMIS measures, as well as the 2-question Pain Self-efficacy Questionnaire and the 2-question Patient Health Questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A strong correlation was found between QuickDASH and PROMIS Physical Function-Upper Extremity CAT, with a significantly shorter completion time for the latter.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We recommend the PROMIS Upper Extremity CAT because it is valid, reliable, and easy to use, and it provides easy reference to population norms (a score of 50 represents the norm in the United States population, and every 10 points represents a standard deviation from the norm).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prognostic I.
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Hand and Upper Extremity Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Anne-Carolin
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Döring
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Hand and Upper Extremity Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Sjoerd P F T
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Nota
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Hand and Upper Extremity Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Michiel G J S
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Hageman
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Hand and Upper Extremity Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA. Electronic address: dring@partners.org.
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Ring
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D063868:Patient Outcome Assessment; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000503:physiopathology*
keywords: PROMIS; QuickDASH; outcome questionnaires; upper extremity disability