title: Pertussis toxin improves immune responses to a combined pneumococcal antigen and leads to enhanced protection against Streptococcus pneumoniae.
abstract: Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) is a candidate antigen for the composition of protein-based vaccines against Streptococcus pneumoniae. While searching for efficient adjuvants for PspA-based vaccines, our group has described the potential of combining PspA with the whole-cell pertussis vaccine (wP). When given to mice through the nasal route, a formulation composed of PspA from clade 5 (PspA5) and wP (PspA5-wP) induced high levels of antibodies and protection against challenges with different pneumococcal strains. PspA5-wP also induced the secretion of interleukin 17 (IL-17) by splenocytes and the infiltration of leukocytes in the lungs after challenge. Here, we show that protection against a pneumococcal invasive challenge was completely abrogated in μMT(-/-) mice, which are deficient in the maturation of B cells, illustrating the importance of antibodies in the survival elicited by the PspA5-wP vaccine. Moreover, passive immunization showed that IgG purified from the sera of mice immunized with PspA5-wP conferred significant protection to naive mice, whereas the respective F(ab')2 did not. Additionally, in vivo depletion of complement abolished protection against the pneumococcal challenge. The combination of PspA5 with wild-type or mutant Bordetella pertussis strains or with purified components showed that the pertussis toxin (PT)-containing formulations induced the highest levels of antibodies and protection. This suggests that the adjuvant activity of wP in the PspA5 model is mediated at least in part by PT. The sera from mice immunized with such formulations displayed high IgG binding and induction of complement deposition on the pneumococcal surface in vitro, which is consistent with the in vivo results.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Biotecnologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Salcedo-Rivillas
authors.affiliation: Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France INSERM U1019, Lille, France CNRS UMR8204, Lille, France Université Lille-Nord de France, Lille, France.
authors.forename: Anne-Sophie
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Debrie
authors.affiliation: Centro de Biotecnologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eliane Namie
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Miyaji
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Imunoquímica, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jorge M C
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Centro de Biotecnologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Isaías
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Raw
authors.affiliation: Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France INSERM U1019, Lille, France CNRS UMR8204, Lille, France Université Lille-Nord de France, Lille, France.
authors.forename: Camille
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Locht
authors.affiliation: Centro de Biotecnologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil Divisão de Desenvolvimento Industrial e Produção, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paulo L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.affiliation: Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France INSERM U1019, Lille, France CNRS UMR8204, Lille, France Université Lille-Nord de France, Lille, France.
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mielcarek
authors.affiliation: Centro de Biotecnologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil marialeonor.oliveira@butantan.gov.br.
authors.forename: Maria Leonor S
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Oliveira
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D001886:Bordetella pertussis / Q000276:immunology; D003165:Complement System Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D007116:Immunization, Passive; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000378:metabolism; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D037342:Pertussis Toxin / Q000276:immunology*; D010567:Pertussis Vaccine / Q000276:immunology; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000276:immunology; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D022541:Streptococcal Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000276:immunology*; D014611:Vaccination
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; C052643:F(ab')2 receptor; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D020381:Interleukin-17; D010567:Pertussis Vaccine; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D022541:Streptococcal Vaccines; C051592:pneumococcal surface protein A; D003165:Complement System Proteins; D037342:Pertussis Toxin