title: Can 1% chlorhexidine diacetate and ethanol stabilize resin-dentin bonds?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effects of the combined use of chlorhexidine and ethanol on the durability of resin-dentin bonds.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight flat dentin surfaces were etched (32% phosphoric acid), rinsed (15 s) and kept wet until bonding procedures. Dentin surfaces were blot-dried with absorbent paper and re-wetted with water (water, control), 1% chlorhexidine diacetate in water (CHD/water), 100% ethanol (ethanol), or 1% chlorhexidine diacetate in ethanol (CHD/ethanol) solutions for 30 s. They were then bonded with All Bond 3 (AB3, Bisco) or Excite (EX, Ivoclar-Vivadent) using a smooth, continuous rubbing application (10 s), followed by 15 s gentle air stream to evaporate solvents. The adhesives were light-cured (20 s) and resin composite build-ups constructed for the microtensile method. Bonded beams were obtained and tested after 24-h, 6-months and 15-months of water storage at 37°C. Storage water was changed every month. Effects of treatment and testing periods were analyzed (ANOVA, Holm-Sidak, p<0.05) for each adhesive.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no interactions between factors for both etch-and-rinse adhesives. AB3 was significantly affected only by storage (p=0.003). Excite was significantly affected only by treatments (p=0.048). AB3 treated either with ethanol or CHD/ethanol resulted in reduced bond strengths after 15 months. The use of CHD/ethanol resulted in higher bond strengths values for Excite.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combined use of ethanol/1% chlorhexidine diacetate did not stabilize bond strengths after 15 months.
authors.affiliation: University of British Columbia, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Division of Biomaterials, Vancouver, BC, Canada; University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Department of Dental Biomaterials and Biochemistry, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adriana Pigozzo
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Manso
authors.affiliation: University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Department of Dental Biomaterials and Biochemistry, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rosa Helena Miranda
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Grande
authors.affiliation: University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Ana Karina
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Bedran-Russo
authors.affiliation: University of Ponta Grossa, School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.affiliation: University of Ponta Grossa, School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alessandro D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Loguercio
authors.affiliation: Georgia Regents University, College of Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Biology and Maxillofacial Pathology, Augusta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: David Henry
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Pashley
authors.affiliation: University of British Columbia, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Division of Biomaterials, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Electronic address: rickmc@dentistry.ubc.ca.
authors.forename: Ricardo Marins
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Carvalho
mesh_terms: D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000737:chemistry*; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003804:Dentin / Q000737:chemistry*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008422:Materials Testing; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D013718:Tensile Strength
chemical_list: D019279:Resin Cements; D000431:Ethanol; D002710:Chlorhexidine
keywords: Bonding; Chlorhexidine; Dentin; Ethanol-wet bonding; Stability