title: Structure and function of preQ1riboswitches.
abstract: PreQ1riboswitches help regulate the biosynthesis and transport of preQ1(7-aminomethyl-7-deazaguanine), a precursor of the hypermodified guanine nucleotide queuosine (Q), in a number of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Fusobacteria. Queuosine is almost universally found at the wobble position of the anticodon in asparaginyl, tyrosyl, histidyl and aspartyl tRNAs, where it contributes to translational fidelity. Two classes of preQ1riboswitches have been identified (preQ1-I and preQ1-II), and structures of examples from both classes have been determined. Both classes form H-type pseudoknots upon preQ1binding, each of which has distinct unusual features and modes of preQ1recognition. These features include an unusually long loop 2 in preQ1-I pseudoknots and an embedded hairpin in loop 3 in preQ1-II pseudoknots. PreQ1-I riboswitches are also notable for their unusually small aptamer domain, which has been extensively investigated by NMR, X-ray crystallography, FRET, and other biophysical methods. Here we review the discovery, structural biology, ligand specificity, cation interactions, folding, dynamics, and applications to biotechnology of preQ1riboswitches. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Riboswitches.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Catherine D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Eichhorn
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Mijeong
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Juli
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Feigon
keywords: NMR; PreQ(0); Queuine; Queuosine; X-ray crystallography; tRNA modification