title: External fixators and sudden-onset disasters: Médecins Sans Frontières experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Carrying out osteosynthesis is challenging, and controlling for results and complications is necessary to define the limits of acceptable complications. Within the context of sudden-onset disasters, comparing internal with external osteosynthesis remains controversial.
  
  
  METHODS
  The most recent and significant Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) experience with osteosynthesis was following the earthquake in Haiti in 2010: 353 external fixators were used in the 12 months following the catastrophe, 62 of which were used in the first month. Carrying out internal osteosynthesis was possible two weeks following the earthquake.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most common indication for open tibial fracture was Gustillo grade 2 or 3. Conversion rate from external to internal osteosynthesis remains anecdotal for several practical reasons. Advantages and drawbacks of external fixators are discussed in the context of precarious situations frequently encountered by MSF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  External osteosynthesis as a primary and definitive treatment for open fractures, especially of the leg, remains the most frequently used and best-adapted procedure in the context of sudden-onset disasters, even though not ideal.
authors.affiliation: Médecins-Sans-Frontières, 8 rue Saint sabin, 75011, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Francois
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Boillot
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Herard
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004190:Disasters; D055866:Earthquakes; D016267:External Fixators; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005592:Fracture Fixation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000601:surgery*; D005602:France; D006205:Haiti; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012955:Societies, Medical; D013978:Tibial Fractures / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome