title: PM₂.₅ emissions from light-duty gasoline vehicles in Beijing, China.
abstract: As stricter standards for diesel vehicles are implemented in China, and the use of diesel trucks is forbidden in urban areas, determining the contribution of light-duty gasoline vehicles (LDGVs) to on-road PM2.5 emissions in cities is important. Additionally, in terms of particle number and size, particulates emitted from LDGVs have a greater health impact than particulates emitted from diesel vehicles. In this work, we measured PM2.5 emissions from 20 LDGVs in Beijing, using an improved combined on-board emission measurement system. We compared these measurements with those reported in previous studies, and estimated the contribution of LDGVs to on-road PM2.5 emissions in Beijing. The results show that the PM2.5 emission factors for LDGVs, complying with European Emission Standards Euro-0 through Euro-4 were: 117.4 ± 142, 24.1 ± 20.4, 4.85 ± 7.86, 0.99 ± 1.32, 0.17 ± 0.15 mg/km, respectively. Our results show a significant decline in emissions with improving vehicle technology. However, this trend is not reflected in recent emission inventory studies. The daytime contributions of LDGVs to PM2.5 emissions on highways, arterials, residential roads, and within urban areas of Beijing were 44%, 62%, 57%, and 57%, respectively. The contribution of LDGVs to PM2.5 emissions varied both for different road types and for different times.
authors.affiliation: State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xianbao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhiliang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Energy, Environment and Economy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huo
authors.affiliation: State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: hekb@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Kebin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yingzhi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Huan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ye
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D001336:Automobiles / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002681:China; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D058735:Environmental Policy; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis*; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter; D001335:Vehicle Emissions
keywords: Beijing; Emission; Gasoline vehicles; PM(2.5)