title: High-efficient nano-carrier gel systems for testosterone propionate skin delivery.
abstract: The purpose of the current investigation was to evaluate the skin delivery potential of the different nano-carrier gels including liposomal gel, ethosomal gel and microemulsion gel bearing testosterone propionate (TP) as a testosterone deficient therapy. The prepared nano-particles were characterized for their shape, particle size distribution and zeta potential. In vitro skin permeation and in vivo transdermal delivery of nano-carrier gels were studied with the Franz diffusion cells and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The results showed that all of nano-particles were almost spherical with low polydispersity and nano-metric size range from 40 to 200 nm. TP ethosomal gel also provided an enhanced transdermal flux of 7.64 ± 1.4 μg/cm(2)/h and a decreased lag time of 0.69 h across rat skin as compared with the other two formulations. The skin penetration efficiency of TP nano-carrier gels also revealed that TP ethosomal gel would enhanced penetration of rhodamine red (RR)-loaded formulation to the deeper layers of the skin (268 µm) than the liposomal gel (192 µm) and microemulsion gel (228 µm). This study demonstrated TP ethosomal gel is a promising nano-carrier for delivering TP through the skin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Liaoning Research Institute of Family Planning , Shenyang , China and.
authors.forename: Shu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: Zaixing
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Liqun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Xiaowei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Miao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jianxin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D005782:Gels / Q000737:chemistry*; D008081:Liposomes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008297:Male; D010316:Particle Size; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism; D012869:Skin Absorption; D043343:Testosterone Propionate / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D005782:Gels; D008081:Liposomes; D043343:Testosterone Propionate
keywords: Ethosomal gel; liposomal gel; microemulsion gel; testosterone propionate