title: Active wound dressings based on bacterial nanocellulose as drug delivery system for octenidine.
abstract: Although bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) may serve as an ideal wound dressing, it exhibits no antibacterial properties by itself. Therefore, in the present study BNC was functionalized with the antiseptic drug octenidine. Drug loading and release, mechanical characteristics, biocompatibility, and antimicrobial efficacy were investigated. Octenidine release was based on diffusion and swelling according to the Ritger-Peppas equation and characterized by a time dependent biphasic release profile, with a rapid release in the first 8h, followed by a slower release rate up to 96 h. The comparison between lab-scale and up-scale BNC identified thickness, water content, and the surface area to volume ratio as parameters which have an impact on the control of the release characteristics. Compression and tensile strength remained unchanged upon incorporation of octenidine in BNC. In biological assays, drug-loaded BNC demonstrated high biocompatibility in human keratinocytes and antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. In a long-term storage test, the octenidine loaded in BNC was found to be stable, releasable, and biologically active over a period of 6 months without changes. In conclusion, octenidine loaded BNC presents a ready-to-use wound dressing for the treatment of infected wounds that can be stored over 6 months without losing its antibacterial activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Otto-Schott-Str. 41, Jena 07745, Germany.
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moritz
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Jena, Erfurter Str. 35, Jena 07743, Germany.
authors.forename: Cornelia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wiegand
authors.affiliation: Otto-Schott-Institute of Materials Research (OSIM), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Loebdergraben 22, Jena 07743, Germany.
authors.forename: Falko
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wesarg
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Otto-Schott-Str. 41, Jena 07745, Germany.
authors.forename: Nadine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hessler
authors.affiliation: Otto-Schott-Institute of Materials Research (OSIM), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Loebdergraben 22, Jena 07743, Germany; Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, Jena 07743, Germany.
authors.forename: Frank A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Otto-Schott-Str. 41, Jena 07745, Germany; Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, Jena 07743, Germany.
authors.forename: Dana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kralisch
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Jena, Erfurter Str. 35, Jena 07743, Germany.
authors.forename: Uta-Christina
authors.initials: UC
authors.lastname: Hipler
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Otto-Schott-Str. 41, Jena 07745, Germany; Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, Jena 07743, Germany. Electronic address: dagmar.fischer@uni-jena.de.
authors.forename: Dagmar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fischer
mesh_terms: D016947:Acetobacteraceae / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D001458:Bandages; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D065546:Drug Liberation; D004356:Drug Storage; D006801:Humans; D007097:Imines; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D011725:Pyridines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D013499:Surface Properties; D013718:Tensile Strength; D014946:Wound Infection / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D004337:Drug Carriers; D007097:Imines; D011725:Pyridines; D002482:Cellulose; C034213:octenidine
keywords: Antiseptic; Hydrogel; Nanocellulose; Octenidine; Octenidine dihydrochloride (PubChem CID: 51166); Wound dressing