title: MRI for patients with cardiac implantable electrical devices.
abstract: MRI has become an invaluable tool in the evaluation of soft tissue and bony abnormalities. The presence of a cardiac implantable electrical device (CIED) may complicate matters, however, because these devices are considered a contraindication to MRI scanning. When MRI is performed in patients with a CIED, risks include reed switch activation in older devices, lead heating, system malfunction, and significant radiofrequency noise resulting in inappropriate inhibition of demand pacing, tachycardia therapies, or programming changes. This report reviews indications and risk-benefit evaluation of MRI in patients with CIED and provides a clinical algorithm for performing MRI in patients with implanted devices.
authors.affiliation: Section for Cardiac Electrophysiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Carnegie 592A, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
authors.forename: Grant V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Chow
authors.affiliation: Section for Cardiac Electrophysiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Carnegie 592A, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. Electronic address: snazarian@jhmi.edu.
authors.forename: Saman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nazarian
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D000075202:Contraindications; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial; D061214:Patient Safety; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Cardiac implantable electrical device; Defibrillator; MRI; Pacemaker