title: Fatty kidney: emerging role of ectopic lipid in obesity-related renal disease.
abstract: The global increase in chronic kidney disease (CKD) parallels the obesity epidemic. Obesity conveys a gradual but independent risk of progression of CKD that seems irrespective of the underlying nephropathy. Obesity has been associated with a secondary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis coined obesity-related glomerulopathy (ORG). Pathways through which obesity might cause renal disease are not well understood, and early clinical biomarkers for incipient ORG or renal relevant obesity are currently lacking. Recent human and experimental studies have associated ectopic lipid accumulation in the kidney (fatty kidney) with obesity-related renal disease. There is enough growing insight that ectopic lipid--the accumulation of lipid in non-adipose tissue--is associated with structural and functional changes of mesangial cells, podocytes, and proximal tubular cells to propose the development of ORG as a maladaptive response to hyperfiltration and albuminuria. Recent advances in metabolic imaging might validate ectopic lipid as a biomarker and research aid, to help translate novel therapeutics from experimental models to patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center and Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands. Electronic address: a.p.j.de_vries@lumc.nl.
authors.forename: Aiko P J
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: de Vries
authors.affiliation: IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Clinical Research Center for Rare Diseases "Aldo e Cele Daccò", Ranica, Bergamo, Italy; Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy.
authors.forename: Piero
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ruggenenti
authors.affiliation: Moorhead Renal Research Laboratory, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London, UK; Centre for Nephrology and Urology, Shenzhen University Health Science Centre, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Xiong Z
authors.initials: XZ
authors.lastname: Ruan
authors.affiliation: Departments of Nephrology and Medicine, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Praga
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Josep M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cruzado
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center and Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ingeborg M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Bajema
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Vivette D
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: D'Agati
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center and Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Hildo J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lamb
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Ljubljana University Medical Center, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Drazenka
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pongrac Barlovic
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Clinic for Internal Medicine, University Clinical Centre and Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Radovan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hojs
authors.affiliation: IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Clinical Research Center for Rare Diseases "Aldo e Cele Daccò", Ranica, Bergamo, Italy.
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abbate
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife.
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rodriquez
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: Carl Erik
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Mogensen
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands (CIBICAN), University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
authors.forename: Esteban
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Porrini
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D012307:Risk Factors