title: Safety of liposome extended-release bupivacaine for postoperative pain control.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ideal postoperative pain management requires a multidisciplinary approach in combination with a variety of dosage regimens. Approximately 21-30% of patients experience moderate to severe pain in the postoperative period, which may have a significant impact on recovery rate, standard of living, psychological health, and postoperative complications.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Analysis of the incidence and characterization of reported adverse effects with DepoFoam bupivacaine compared to conventional bupivacaine or placebo.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic review of prospective studies on the use of DepoFoam versus bupivacaine or placebo was performed in order to answer the clinically relevant question: is DepoFoam a safer formulation in place of bupivacaine single injection or continuous local infusion techniques for postoperative pain management? Inclusion criteria required randomized, controlled, double-blind trials in patients 18 years old or older, single dose used for postoperative pain control, and a primary procedure performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six studies fitted the inclusion criteria for analysis, DepoFoam bupivacaine used in therapeutic doses was well-tolerated, had a higher safety margin, and showed a favorable safety profile compared to bupivacaine and control groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Extended drug delivery system DepoFoam bupivacaine is a promising drug formulation that may significantly improve postoperative care and pain control in surgical patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University Columbus, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Portillo
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University Columbus, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Nawal
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kamar
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University Columbus, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Somayah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Melibary
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University Columbus, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Quevedo
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University Columbus, OH, USA ; Department of Neurological Surgery, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University Columbus, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bergese
keywords: bupivacaine; bupivacaine HCl; depofoam; exparel; liposome bupivacaine