title: Cystatin C: a new renal marker and its potential use in small animal medicine.
abstract: The occurrence of chronic kidney disease is underestimated in both human and veterinary medicine. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is considered the gold standard for evaluating kidney function. However, GFR assessment is time-consuming and labor-intensive and therefore not routinely used in practice. The commonly used indirect GFR markers, serum creatinine (sCr) and urea, are not sufficiently sensitive or specific to detect early renal dysfunction. Serum cystatin C (sCysC), a proteinase inhibitor, has most of the properties required for an endogenous GFR marker. In human medicine, numerous studies have evaluated its potential use as a GFR marker in several populations. In veterinary medicine, this marker is gaining interest. The measurement is easy, which makes it an interesting parameter for clinical use. This review summarizes current knowledge about cystatin C (CysC) in humans, dogs, and cats, including its history, assays, relationship with GFR, and biological and clinical variations in both human and veterinary medicine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Clinical Biology of Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ghys
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Paepe
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Smets
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lefebvre
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Delanghe
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Daminet
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis; D002415:Cats; D055316:Cystatin C / Q000097:blood*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis; D004285:Dogs; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000662:veterinary; D006801:Humans; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D055316:Cystatin C
keywords: Cat; Dog; Glomerular filtration rate; Human; Renal diseases