title: A dose-response strategy reveals differences between normal-weight and obese men in their metabolic and inflammatory responses to a high-fat meal.
abstract: A dose-response strategy may not only allow investigation of the impact of foods and nutrients on human health but may also reveal differences in the response of individuals to food ingestion based on their metabolic health status. In a randomized crossover study, we challenged 19 normal-weight (BMI: 20-25 kg/m(2)) and 18 obese (BMI: >30 kg/m(2)) men with 500, 1000, and 1500 kcal of a high-fat (HF) meal (60.5% energy from fat). Blood was taken at baseline and up to 6 h postprandially and analyzed for a range of metabolic, inflammatory, and hormonal variables, including plasma glucose, lipids, and C-reactive protein and serum insulin, glucagon-like peptide-1, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and endotoxin. Insulin was the only variable that could differentiate the postprandial response of normal-weight and obese participants at each of the 3 caloric doses. A significant response of the inflammatory marker IL-6 was only observed in the obese group after ingestion of the HF meal containing 1500 kcal [net incremental AUC (iAUC) = 22.9 ± 6.8 pg/mL × 6 h, P = 0.002]. Furthermore, the net iAUC for triglycerides significantly increased from the 1000 to the 1500 kcal meal in the obese group (5.0 ± 0.5 mmol/L × 6 h vs. 6.0 ± 0.5 mmol/L × 6 h; P = 0.015) but not in the normal-weight group (4.3 ± 0.5 mmol/L × 6 h vs. 4.8 ± 0.5 mmol/L × 6 h; P = 0.31). We propose that caloric dose-response studies may contribute to a better understanding of the metabolic impact of food on the human organism. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01446068.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Science, Agroscope, Federal Office of Agriculture, Berne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Flurina
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schwander
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Science, Agroscope, Federal Office of Agriculture, Berne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Katrin A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Kopf-Bolanz
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital of Berne, Berne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Buri
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Science, Agroscope, Federal Office of Agriculture, Berne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Reto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Portmann
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Science, Agroscope, Federal Office of Agriculture, Berne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Lotti
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Egger
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Science, Agroscope, Federal Office of Agriculture, Berne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Magali
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chollet
authors.affiliation: Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Philip G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: McTernan
authors.affiliation: Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Milan K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Piya
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microsystems 2, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and.
authors.forename: Martin A M
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Gijs
authors.affiliation: Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Hospital Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vionnet
authors.affiliation: Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Hospital Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pralong
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital of Berne, Berne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Laederach
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Science, Agroscope, Federal Office of Agriculture, Berne, Switzerland guy.vergeres@agroscope.admin.ch.
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vergères
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D001786:Blood Glucose; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000097:blood; D002149:Energy Intake; D005215:Fasting; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D062407:Meals; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism*; D019518:Postprandial Period; D013557:Switzerland; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004731:Endotoxins; D007328:Insulin; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014280:Triglycerides; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D002784:Cholesterol