title: Electrochemical investigations of stable cavitation from bubbles generated during reduction of water.
abstract: Megasonic cleaning is traditionally used for removal of particles from wafer surfaces in semiconductor industry. With the advancement of technology node, the major challenge associated with megasonic cleaning is to be able to achieve high cleaning efficiency without causing damage to fragile features. In this paper, a method based on electrochemistry has been developed that allows controlled formation and growth of a hydrogen bubbles close to a solid surface immersed in an aqueous solution irradiated with ∼1 MHz sound field. It has been shown that significant microstreaming from resonating size bubble can be induced by proper choice of transducer duty cycle. This method has the potential to significantly improve the performance of megasonic cleaning technology through generation of local microstreaming, interfacial and pressure gradient forces in close vicinity of conductive surfaces on wafers without affecting the transient cavitation responsible for feature damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Arizona, 1235 E James E Rogers Way, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. Electronic address: manishk@email.arizona.edu.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Keswani
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Arizona, 1235 E James E Rogers Way, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Raghavan
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Arizona, 1235 E James E Rogers Way, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Deymier
keywords: Chronoamperometry; Hydrogen bubbles; Megasonic cleaning; Microstreaming; Stable cavitation; Water reduction