title: The way we were: surgical practice at the dawn of the North Pacific Surgical Association.
abstract: The North Pacific Surgical Association Historian's centennial lecture, with review of the geographic challenges for members of this society at the time of its founding and selected insights into surgical practices and philosophies of a century ago.
authors.affiliation: Historian, North Pacific Surgical Association, General Surgery Service, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, WA 98431, USA. Electronic address: Preston.L.Carter.civ@mail.mil.
authors.forename: Preston L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Carter
mesh_terms: D001955:British Columbia; D013502:General Surgery / Q000266:history*; D049673:History, 20th Century; D009922:Oregon; D012955:Societies, Medical / Q000266:history*; D014861:Washington
keywords: Prostatectomy; Pyloric stenosis; Stab wound heart; Surgery early 20th century; Surgical ethics; Surgical history