title: Protective effects of citrus and rosemary extracts on UV-induced damage in skin cell model and human volunteers.
abstract: Ultraviolet radiation absorbed by the epidermis is the major cause of various cutaneous disorders, including photoaging and skin cancers. Although topical sunscreens may offer proper skin protection, dietary plant compounds may significantly contribute to lifelong protection of skin health, especially when unconsciously sun UV exposed. A combination of rosemary and citrus bioflavonoids extracts was used to inhibit UV harmful effects on human HaCaT keratinocytes and in human volunteers after oral intake. Survival of HaCaT cells after UVB radiation was higher in treatments using the combination of extracts than in those performed with individual extracts, indicating potential synergic effects. The combination of extracts also decreased UVB-induced intracellular radical oxygen species (ROS) and prevented DNA damage in HaCaT cells by comet assay and decreased chromosomal aberrations in X-irradiated human lymphocytes. The oral daily consumption of 250 mg of the combination by human volunteers revealed a significant minimal erythema dose (MED) increase after eight weeks (34%, p<0.05). Stronger protection was achieved after 12 weeks (56%, p<0.01). The combination of citrus flavonoids and rosemary polyphenols and diterpenes may be considered as an ingredient for oral photoprotection. Their mechanism of action may deserve further attention.
authors.affiliation: Skin Research Platform (SRP), Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, E-03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pérez-Sánchez
authors.affiliation: Skin Research Platform (SRP), Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, E-03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Barrajón-Catalán
authors.affiliation: Monteloeder S.L., Miguel Servet 16, nave 17, 03203 Elche, Alicante, Spain.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Caturla
authors.affiliation: Nutrafur S.A., Camino Viejo de Pliego, km.2, 30820 Alcantarilla, Murcia, Spain; Institute of Research Into Aging, University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Castillo
authors.affiliation: Nutrafur S.A., Camino Viejo de Pliego, km.2, 30820 Alcantarilla, Murcia, Spain; Institute of Research Into Aging, University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Benavente-García
authors.affiliation: Radiology and Physical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain; Institute of Research Into Aging, University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alcaraz
authors.affiliation: Skin Research Platform (SRP), Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, E-03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain. Electronic address: vmicol@umh.es.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Micol
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D032083:Citrus paradisi; D020552:Comet Assay; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects; D004224:Diterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004890:Erythema / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D027542:Rosmarinus; D012867:Skin / Q000528:radiation effects; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014965:X-Rays / Q000009:adverse effects; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004224:Diterpenes; D005419:Flavonoids; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols; D020011:Protective Agents; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species
keywords: Citrus; DNA damage; Oral photoprotection; Polyphenols; ROS; Rosemary; UV radiation