title: Active idiotypic vaccination versus control immunotherapy for follicular lymphoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Idiotypes (Ids), the unique portions of tumor immunoglobulins, can serve as targets for passive and active immunotherapies for lymphoma. We performed a multicenter, randomized trial comparing a specific vaccine (MyVax), comprising Id chemically coupled to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) plus granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) to a control immunotherapy with KLH plus GM-CSF.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with previously untreated advanced-stage follicular lymphoma (FL) received eight cycles of chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone. Those achieving sustained partial or complete remission (n=287 [44%]) were randomly assigned at a ratio of 2:1 to receive one injection per month for 7 months of MyVax or control immunotherapy. Anti-Id antibody responses (humoral immune responses [IRs]) were measured before each immunization. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary end points included IR and time to subsequent antilymphoma therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At a median follow-up of 58 months, no significant difference was observed in either PFS or time to next therapy between the two arms. In the MyVax group (n=195), anti-Id IRs were observed in 41% of patients, with a median PFS of 40 months, significantly exceeding the median PFS observed in patients without such Id-induced IRs and in those receiving control immunotherapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This trial failed to demonstrate clinical benefit of specific immunotherapy. The subset of vaccinated patients mounting specific anti-Id responses had superior outcomes. Whether this reflects a therapeutic benefit or is a marker for more favorable underlying prognosis requires further study.
authors.affiliation: Ronald Levy, Andrew J. Gentles, Chih Long Liu, Robert Tibshirani, and Ash A. Alizadeh, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto; Christos E. Emmanouilides and John M. Timmerman, University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles; Lori A. Kunkel, Diane E. Ingolia, and Dan W. Denney Jr, Genitope, Fremont, CA; Kristen N. Ganjoo and Michael J. Robertson, Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN; John P. Leonard, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Julie M. Vose, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; Ian W. Flinn and Richard F. Ambinder, Johns Hopkins University Oncology Center, Baltimore, MD; Joseph M. Connors, British Columbia Cancer Agency Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia; Neil L. Berinstein, Toronto-Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario; Andrew R. Belch, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Nancy L. Bartlett, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Craig Nichols, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR; Stephanie A. Gregory, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Brian K. Link, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA; David J. Inwards, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Arnold S. Freedman, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; and Jeffrey V. Matous, Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Denver, CO.
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.affiliation: Ronald Levy, Andrew J. Gentles, Chih Long Liu, Robert Tibshirani, and Ash A. Alizadeh, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto; Christos E. Emmanouilides and John M. Timmerman, University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles; Lori A. Kunkel, Diane E. Ingolia, and Dan W. Denney Jr, Genitope, Fremont, CA; Kristen N. Ganjoo and Michael J. Robertson, Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN; John P. Leonard, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Julie M. Vose, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; Ian W. Flinn and Richard F. Ambinder, Johns Hopkins University Oncology Center, Baltimore, MD; Joseph M. Connors, British Columbia Cancer Agency Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia; Neil L. Berinstein, Toronto-Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario; Andrew R. Belch, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Nancy L. Bartlett, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Craig Nichols, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR; Stephanie A. Gregory, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Brian K. Link, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA; David J. Inwards, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Arnold S. Freedman, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; and Jeffrey V. Matous, Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Denver, CO.
authors.forename: Kristen N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Ganjoo
authors.affiliation: Ronald Levy, Andrew J. Gentles, Chih Long Liu, Robert Tibshirani, and Ash A. Alizadeh, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto; Christos E. Emmanouilides and John M. Timmerman, University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles; Lori A. Kunkel, Diane E. Ingolia, and Dan W. Denney Jr, Genitope, Fremont, CA; Kristen N. Ganjoo and Michael J. Robertson, Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN; John P. Leonard, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Julie M. Vose, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; Ian W. Flinn and Richard F. Ambinder, Johns Hopkins University Oncology Center, Baltimore, MD; Joseph M. Connors, British Columbia Cancer Agency Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia; Neil L. Berinstein, Toronto-Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario; Andrew R. Belch, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Nancy L. Bartlett, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Craig Nichols, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR; Stephanie A. Gregory, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Brian K. Link, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA; David J. Inwards, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Arnold S. Freedman, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; and Jeffrey V. Matous, Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Denver, CO.
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Leonard
authors.affiliation: Ronald Levy, Andrew J. Gentles, Chih Long Liu, Robert Tibshirani, and Ash A. Alizadeh, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto; Christos E. Emmanouilides and John M. Timmerman, University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles; Lori A. Kunkel, Diane E. Ingolia, and Dan W. Denney Jr, Genitope, Fremont, CA; Kristen N. Ganjoo and Michael J. Robertson, Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN; John P. Leonard, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Julie M. Vose, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; Ian W. Flinn and Richard F. Ambinder, Johns Hopkins University Oncology Center, Baltimore, MD; Joseph M. Connors, British Columbia Cancer Agency Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia; Neil L. Berinstein, Toronto-Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario; Andrew R. Belch, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Nancy L. Bartlett, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Craig Nichols, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR; Stephanie A. Gregory, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Brian K. Link, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA; David J. Inwards, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Arnold S. Freedman, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; and Jeffrey V. Matous, Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Denver, CO.
authors.forename: Julie M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Vose
authors.affiliation: Ronald Levy, Andrew J. Gentles, Chih Long Liu, Robert Tibshirani, and Ash A. Alizadeh, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto; Christos E. Emmanouilides and John M. Timmerman, University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles; Lori A. Kunkel, Diane E. Ingolia, and Dan W. Denney Jr, Genitope, Fremont, CA; Kristen N. Ganjoo and Michael J. Robertson, Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN; John P. Leonard, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Julie M. Vose, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; Ian W. Flinn and Richard F. Ambinder, Johns Hopkins University Oncology Center, Baltimore, MD; Joseph M. Connors, British Columbia Cancer Agency Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia; Neil L. Berinstein, Toronto-Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario; Andrew R. Belch, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Nancy L. Bartlett, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Craig Nichols, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR; Stephanie A. Gregory, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Brian K. Link, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA; David J. Inwards, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Arnold S. Freedman, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; and Jeffrey V. Matous, Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Denver, CO.
authors.forename: Ian W
authors.initials: IW
authors.lastname: Flinn
authors.affiliation: Ronald Levy, Andrew J. Gentles, Chih Long Liu, Robert Tibshirani, and Ash A. Alizadeh, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto; Christos E. Emmanouilides and John M. Timmerman, University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles; Lori A. Kunkel, Diane E. Ingolia, and Dan W. Denney Jr, Genitope, Fremont, CA; Kristen N. Ganjoo and Michael J. Robertson, Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN; John P. Leonard, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Julie M. Vose, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; Ian W. Flinn and Richard F. Ambinder, Johns Hopkins University Oncology Center, Baltimore, MD; Joseph M. Connors, British Columbia Cancer Agency Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia; Neil L. Berinstein, Toronto-Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario; Andrew R. Belch, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Nancy L. Bartlett, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Craig Nichols, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR; Stephanie A. Gregory, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Brian K. Link, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA; David J. Inwards, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Arnold S. Freedman, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; and Jeffrey V. Matous, Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Denver, CO.
authors.forename: Richard F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Ambinder
authors.affiliation: Ronald Levy, Andrew J. Gentles, Chih Long Liu, Robert Tibshirani, and Ash A. Alizadeh, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto; Christos E. Emmanouilides and John M. Timmerman, University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles; Lori A. Kunkel, Diane E. Ingolia, and Dan W. Denney Jr, Genitope, Fremont, CA; Kristen N. Ganjoo and Michael J. Robertson, Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN; John P. Leonard, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Julie M. Vose, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; Ian W. Flinn and Richard F. Ambinder, Johns Hopkins University Oncology Center, Baltimore, MD; Joseph M. Connors, British Columbia Cancer Agency Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia; Neil L. Berinstein, Toronto-Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario; Andrew R. Belch, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Nancy L. Bartlett, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Craig Nichols, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR; Stephanie A. Gregory, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Brian K. Link, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA; David J. Inwards, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Arnold S. Freedman, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; and Jeffrey V. Matous, Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Denver, CO.
authors.forename: Joseph M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Connors
authors.affiliation: Ronald Levy, Andrew J. Gentles, Chih Long Liu, Robert Tibshirani, and Ash A. Alizadeh, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto; Christos E. Emmanouilides and John M. Timmerman, University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles; Lori A. Kunkel, Diane E. Ingolia, and Dan W. Denney Jr, Genitope, Fremont, CA; Kristen N. Ganjoo and Michael J. Robertson, Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN; John P. Leonard, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Julie M. Vose, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; Ian W. Flinn and Richard F. Ambinder, Johns Hopkins University Oncology Center, Baltimore, MD; Joseph M. Connors, British Columbia Cancer Agency Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia; Neil L. Berinstein, Toronto-Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario; Andrew R. Belch, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Nancy L. Bartlett, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Craig Nichols, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR; Stephanie A. Gregory, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Brian K. Link, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA; David J. Inwards, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Arnold S. Freedman, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; and Jeffrey V. Matous, Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Denver, CO.
authors.forename: Neil L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Berinstein
authors.affiliation: Ronald Levy, Andrew J. Gentles, Chih Long Liu, Robert Tibshirani, and Ash A. Alizadeh, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto; Christos E. Emmanouilides and John M. Timmerman, University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles; Lori A. Kunkel, Diane E. Ingolia, and Dan W. Denney Jr, Genitope, Fremont, CA; Kristen N. Ganjoo and Michael J. Robertson, Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN; John P. Leonard, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Julie M. Vose, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; Ian W. Flinn and Richard F. Ambinder, Johns Hopkins University Oncology Center, Baltimore, MD; Joseph M. Connors, British Columbia Cancer Agency Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia; Neil L. Berinstein, Toronto-Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario; Andrew R. Belch, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Nancy L. Bartlett, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Craig Nichols, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR; Stephanie A. Gregory, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Brian K. Link, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA; David J. Inwards, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Arnold S. Freedman, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; and Jeffrey V. Matous, Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Denver, CO.
authors.forename: Andrew R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Belch
authors.affiliation: Ronald Levy, Andrew J. Gentles, Chih Long Liu, Robert Tibshirani, and Ash A. Alizadeh, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto; Christos E. Emmanouilides and John M. Timmerman, University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles; Lori A. Kunkel, Diane E. Ingolia, and Dan W. Denney Jr, Genitope, Fremont, CA; Kristen N. Ganjoo and Michael J. Robertson, Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN; John P. Leonard, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Julie M. Vose, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; Ian W. Flinn and Richard F. Ambinder, Johns Hopkins University Oncology Center, Baltimore, MD; Joseph M. Connors, British Columbia Cancer Agency Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia; Neil L. Berinstein, Toronto-Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario; Andrew R. Belch, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Nancy L. Bartlett, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Craig Nichols, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR; Stephanie A. Gregory, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Brian K. Link, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA; David J. Inwards, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Arnold S. Freedman, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; and Jeffrey V. Matous, Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Denver, CO.
authors.forename: Nancy L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Bartlett
authors.affiliation: Ronald Levy, Andrew J. Gentles, Chih Long Liu, Robert Tibshirani, and Ash A. Alizadeh, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto; Christos E. Emmanouilides and John M. Timmerman, University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles; Lori A. Kunkel, Diane E. Ingolia, and Dan W. Denney Jr, Genitope, Fremont, CA; Kristen N. Ganjoo and Michael J. Robertson, Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN; John P. Leonard, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Julie M. Vose, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; Ian W. Flinn and Richard F. Ambinder, Johns Hopkins University Oncology Center, Baltimore, MD; Joseph M. Connors, British Columbia Cancer Agency Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia; Neil L. Berinstein, Toronto-Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario; Andrew R. Belch, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Nancy L. Bartlett, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Craig Nichols, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR; Stephanie A. Gregory, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Brian K. Link, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA; David J. Inwards, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Arnold S. Freedman, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; and Jeffrey V. Matous, Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Denver, CO.
authors.forename: Craig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nichols
authors.affiliation: Ronald Levy, Andrew J. Gentles, Chih Long Liu, Robert Tibshirani, and Ash A. Alizadeh, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto; Christos E. Emmanouilides and John M. Timmerman, University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles; Lori A. Kunkel, Diane E. Ingolia, and Dan W. Denney Jr, Genitope, Fremont, CA; Kristen N. Ganjoo and Michael J. Robertson, Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN; John P. Leonard, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Julie M. Vose, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; Ian W. Flinn and Richard F. Ambinder, Johns Hopkins University Oncology Center, Baltimore, MD; Joseph M. Connors, British Columbia Cancer Agency Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia; Neil L. Berinstein, Toronto-Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario; Andrew R. Belch, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Nancy L. Bartlett, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Craig Nichols, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR; Stephanie A. Gregory, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Brian K. Link, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA; David J. Inwards, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Arnold S. Freedman, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; and Jeffrey V. Matous, Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Denver, CO.
authors.forename: Christos E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Emmanouilides
authors.affiliation: Ronald Levy, Andrew J. Gentles, Chih Long Liu, Robert Tibshirani, and Ash A. Alizadeh, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto; Christos E. Emmanouilides and John M. Timmerman, University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles; Lori A. Kunkel, Diane E. Ingolia, and Dan W. Denney Jr, Genitope, Fremont, CA; Kristen N. Ganjoo and Michael J. Robertson, Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN; John P. Leonard, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Julie M. Vose, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; Ian W. Flinn and Richard F. Ambinder, Johns Hopkins University Oncology Center, Baltimore, MD; Joseph M. Connors, British Columbia Cancer Agency Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia; Neil L. Berinstein, Toronto-Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario; Andrew R. Belch, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Nancy L. Bartlett, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Craig Nichols, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR; Stephanie A. Gregory, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Brian K. Link, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA; David J. Inwards, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Arnold S. Freedman, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; and Jeffrey V. Matous, Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Denver, CO.
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Timmerman
authors.affiliation: Ronald Levy, Andrew J. Gentles, Chih Long Liu, Robert Tibshirani, and Ash A. Alizadeh, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto; Christos E. Emmanouilides and John M. Timmerman, University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles; Lori A. Kunkel, Diane E. Ingolia, and Dan W. Denney Jr, Genitope, Fremont, CA; Kristen N. Ganjoo and Michael J. Robertson, Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN; John P. Leonard, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Julie M. Vose, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; Ian W. Flinn and Richard F. Ambinder, Johns Hopkins University Oncology Center, Baltimore, MD; Joseph M. Connors, British Columbia Cancer Agency Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia; Neil L. Berinstein, Toronto-Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario; Andrew R. Belch, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Nancy L. Bartlett, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Craig Nichols, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR; Stephanie A. Gregory, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Brian K. Link, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA; David J. Inwards, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Arnold S. Freedman, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; and Jeffrey V. Matous, Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Denver, CO.
authors.forename: Stephanie A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Gregory
authors.affiliation: Ronald Levy, Andrew J. Gentles, Chih Long Liu, Robert Tibshirani, and Ash A. Alizadeh, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto; Christos E. Emmanouilides and John M. Timmerman, University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles; Lori A. Kunkel, Diane E. Ingolia, and Dan W. Denney Jr, Genitope, Fremont, CA; Kristen N. Ganjoo and Michael J. Robertson, Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN; John P. Leonard, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Julie M. Vose, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; Ian W. Flinn and Richard F. Ambinder, Johns Hopkins University Oncology Center, Baltimore, MD; Joseph M. Connors, British Columbia Cancer Agency Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia; Neil L. Berinstein, Toronto-Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario; Andrew R. Belch, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Nancy L. Bartlett, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Craig Nichols, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR; Stephanie A. Gregory, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Brian K. Link, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA; David J. Inwards, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Arnold S. Freedman, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; and Jeffrey V. Matous, Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Denver, CO.
authors.forename: Brian K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Link
authors.affiliation: Ronald Levy, Andrew J. Gentles, Chih Long Liu, Robert Tibshirani, and Ash A. Alizadeh, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto; Christos E. Emmanouilides and John M. Timmerman, University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles; Lori A. Kunkel, Diane E. Ingolia, and Dan W. Denney Jr, Genitope, Fremont, CA; Kristen N. Ganjoo and Michael J. Robertson, Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN; John P. Leonard, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Julie M. Vose, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; Ian W. Flinn and Richard F. Ambinder, Johns Hopkins University Oncology Center, Baltimore, MD; Joseph M. Connors, British Columbia Cancer Agency Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia; Neil L. Berinstein, Toronto-Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario; Andrew R. Belch, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Nancy L. Bartlett, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Craig Nichols, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR; Stephanie A. Gregory, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Brian K. Link, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA; David J. Inwards, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Arnold S. Freedman, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; and Jeffrey V. Matous, Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Denver, CO.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Inwards
authors.affiliation: Ronald Levy, Andrew J. Gentles, Chih Long Liu, Robert Tibshirani, and Ash A. Alizadeh, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto; Christos E. Emmanouilides and John M. Timmerman, University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles; Lori A. Kunkel, Diane E. Ingolia, and Dan W. Denney Jr, Genitope, Fremont, CA; Kristen N. Ganjoo and Michael J. Robertson, Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN; John P. Leonard, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Julie M. Vose, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; Ian W. Flinn and Richard F. Ambinder, Johns Hopkins University Oncology Center, Baltimore, MD; Joseph M. Connors, British Columbia Cancer Agency Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia; Neil L. Berinstein, Toronto-Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario; Andrew R. Belch, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Nancy L. Bartlett, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Craig Nichols, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR; Stephanie A. Gregory, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Brian K. Link, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA; David J. Inwards, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Arnold S. Freedman, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; and Jeffrey V. Matous, Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Denver, CO.
authors.forename: Arnold S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Freedman
authors.affiliation: Ronald Levy, Andrew J. Gentles, Chih Long Liu, Robert Tibshirani, and Ash A. Alizadeh, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto; Christos E. Emmanouilides and John M. Timmerman, University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles; Lori A. Kunkel, Diane E. Ingolia, and Dan W. Denney Jr, Genitope, Fremont, CA; Kristen N. Ganjoo and Michael J. Robertson, Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN; John P. Leonard, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Julie M. Vose, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; Ian W. Flinn and Richard F. Ambinder, Johns Hopkins University Oncology Center, Baltimore, MD; Joseph M. Connors, British Columbia Cancer Agency Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia; Neil L. Berinstein, Toronto-Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario; Andrew R. Belch, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Nancy L. Bartlett, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Craig Nichols, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR; Stephanie A. Gregory, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Brian K. Link, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA; David J. Inwards, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Arnold S. Freedman, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; and Jeffrey V. Matous, Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Denver, CO.
authors.forename: Jeffrey V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Matous
authors.affiliation: Ronald Levy, Andrew J. Gentles, Chih Long Liu, Robert Tibshirani, and Ash A. Alizadeh, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto; Christos E. Emmanouilides and John M. Timmerman, University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles; Lori A. Kunkel, Diane E. Ingolia, and Dan W. Denney Jr, Genitope, Fremont, CA; Kristen N. Ganjoo and Michael J. Robertson, Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN; John P. Leonard, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Julie M. Vose, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; Ian W. Flinn and Richard F. Ambinder, Johns Hopkins University Oncology Center, Baltimore, MD; Joseph M. Connors, British Columbia Cancer Agency Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia; Neil L. Berinstein, Toronto-Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario; Andrew R. Belch, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Nancy L. Bartlett, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Craig Nichols, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR; Stephanie A. Gregory, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Brian K. Link, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA; David J. Inwards, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Arnold S. Freedman, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; and Jeffrey V. Matous, Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Denver, CO.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.affiliation: Ronald Levy, Andrew J. Gentles, Chih Long Liu, Robert Tibshirani, and Ash A. Alizadeh, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto; Christos E. Emmanouilides and John M. Timmerman, University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles; Lori A. Kunkel, Diane E. Ingolia, and Dan W. Denney Jr, Genitope, Fremont, CA; Kristen N. Ganjoo and Michael J. Robertson, Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN; John P. Leonard, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Julie M. Vose, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; Ian W. Flinn and Richard F. Ambinder, Johns Hopkins University Oncology Center, Baltimore, MD; Joseph M. Connors, British Columbia Cancer Agency Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia; Neil L. Berinstein, Toronto-Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario; Andrew R. Belch, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Nancy L. Bartlett, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Craig Nichols, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR; Stephanie A. Gregory, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Brian K. Link, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA; David J. Inwards, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Arnold S. Freedman, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; and Jeffrey V. Matous, Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Denver, CO.
authors.forename: Lori A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Kunkel
authors.affiliation: Ronald Levy, Andrew J. Gentles, Chih Long Liu, Robert Tibshirani, and Ash A. Alizadeh, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto; Christos E. Emmanouilides and John M. Timmerman, University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles; Lori A. Kunkel, Diane E. Ingolia, and Dan W. Denney Jr, Genitope, Fremont, CA; Kristen N. Ganjoo and Michael J. Robertson, Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN; John P. Leonard, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Julie M. Vose, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; Ian W. Flinn and Richard F. Ambinder, Johns Hopkins University Oncology Center, Baltimore, MD; Joseph M. Connors, British Columbia Cancer Agency Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia; Neil L. Berinstein, Toronto-Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario; Andrew R. Belch, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Nancy L. Bartlett, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Craig Nichols, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR; Stephanie A. Gregory, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Brian K. Link, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA; David J. Inwards, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Arnold S. Freedman, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; and Jeffrey V. Matous, Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Denver, CO.
authors.forename: Diane E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Ingolia
authors.affiliation: Ronald Levy, Andrew J. Gentles, Chih Long Liu, Robert Tibshirani, and Ash A. Alizadeh, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto; Christos E. Emmanouilides and John M. Timmerman, University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles; Lori A. Kunkel, Diane E. Ingolia, and Dan W. Denney Jr, Genitope, Fremont, CA; Kristen N. Ganjoo and Michael J. Robertson, Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN; John P. Leonard, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Julie M. Vose, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; Ian W. Flinn and Richard F. Ambinder, Johns Hopkins University Oncology Center, Baltimore, MD; Joseph M. Connors, British Columbia Cancer Agency Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia; Neil L. Berinstein, Toronto-Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario; Andrew R. Belch, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Nancy L. Bartlett, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Craig Nichols, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR; Stephanie A. Gregory, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Brian K. Link, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA; David J. Inwards, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Arnold S. Freedman, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; and Jeffrey V. Matous, Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Denver, CO.
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Gentles
authors.affiliation: Ronald Levy, Andrew J. Gentles, Chih Long Liu, Robert Tibshirani, and Ash A. Alizadeh, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto; Christos E. Emmanouilides and John M. Timmerman, University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles; Lori A. Kunkel, Diane E. Ingolia, and Dan W. Denney Jr, Genitope, Fremont, CA; Kristen N. Ganjoo and Michael J. Robertson, Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN; John P. Leonard, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Julie M. Vose, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; Ian W. Flinn and Richard F. Ambinder, Johns Hopkins University Oncology Center, Baltimore, MD; Joseph M. Connors, British Columbia Cancer Agency Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia; Neil L. Berinstein, Toronto-Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario; Andrew R. Belch, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Nancy L. Bartlett, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Craig Nichols, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR; Stephanie A. Gregory, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Brian K. Link, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA; David J. Inwards, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Arnold S. Freedman, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; and Jeffrey V. Matous, Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Denver, CO.
authors.forename: Chih Long
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Ronald Levy, Andrew J. Gentles, Chih Long Liu, Robert Tibshirani, and Ash A. Alizadeh, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto; Christos E. Emmanouilides and John M. Timmerman, University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles; Lori A. Kunkel, Diane E. Ingolia, and Dan W. Denney Jr, Genitope, Fremont, CA; Kristen N. Ganjoo and Michael J. Robertson, Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN; John P. Leonard, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Julie M. Vose, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; Ian W. Flinn and Richard F. Ambinder, Johns Hopkins University Oncology Center, Baltimore, MD; Joseph M. Connors, British Columbia Cancer Agency Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia; Neil L. Berinstein, Toronto-Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario; Andrew R. Belch, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Nancy L. Bartlett, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Craig Nichols, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR; Stephanie A. Gregory, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Brian K. Link, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA; David J. Inwards, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Arnold S. Freedman, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; and Jeffrey V. Matous, Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Denver, CO.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tibshirani
authors.affiliation: Ronald Levy, Andrew J. Gentles, Chih Long Liu, Robert Tibshirani, and Ash A. Alizadeh, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto; Christos E. Emmanouilides and John M. Timmerman, University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles; Lori A. Kunkel, Diane E. Ingolia, and Dan W. Denney Jr, Genitope, Fremont, CA; Kristen N. Ganjoo and Michael J. Robertson, Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN; John P. Leonard, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Julie M. Vose, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; Ian W. Flinn and Richard F. Ambinder, Johns Hopkins University Oncology Center, Baltimore, MD; Joseph M. Connors, British Columbia Cancer Agency Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia; Neil L. Berinstein, Toronto-Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario; Andrew R. Belch, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Nancy L. Bartlett, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Craig Nichols, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR; Stephanie A. Gregory, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Brian K. Link, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA; David J. Inwards, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Arnold S. Freedman, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; and Jeffrey V. Matous, Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Denver, CO. arasha@stanford.edu.
authors.forename: Ash A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Alizadeh
authors.affiliation: Ronald Levy, Andrew J. Gentles, Chih Long Liu, Robert Tibshirani, and Ash A. Alizadeh, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto; Christos E. Emmanouilides and John M. Timmerman, University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles; Lori A. Kunkel, Diane E. Ingolia, and Dan W. Denney Jr, Genitope, Fremont, CA; Kristen N. Ganjoo and Michael J. Robertson, Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN; John P. Leonard, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Julie M. Vose, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; Ian W. Flinn and Richard F. Ambinder, Johns Hopkins University Oncology Center, Baltimore, MD; Joseph M. Connors, British Columbia Cancer Agency Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia; Neil L. Berinstein, Toronto-Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario; Andrew R. Belch, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Nancy L. Bartlett, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Craig Nichols, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR; Stephanie A. Gregory, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Brian K. Link, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA; David J. Inwards, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Arnold S. Freedman, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; and Jeffrey V. Matous, Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, Denver, CO.
authors.forename: Dan W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Denney
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology*; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology; D006433:Hemocyanins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007130:Immunoglobulin Idiotypes / Q000276:immunology*; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods; D008224:Lymphoma, Follicular / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011241:Prednisone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014750:Vincristine / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D007130:Immunoglobulin Idiotypes; D014750:Vincristine; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D006433:Hemocyanins; C032808:keyhole-limpet hemocyanin; D011241:Prednisone