title: Safeguard against DNA sensing: the role of TREX1 in HIV-1 infection and autoimmune diseases.
abstract: Innate immune recognition is crucial for host responses against viral infections, including infection by human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1). Human cells detect such invading pathogens with a collection of pattern recognition receptors that activate the production of antiviral proteins, such as the cytokine interferon-type I, to initiate antiviral responses immediately as well as the adaptive immune response for long-term protection. To establish infection in the host, many viruses have thus evolved strategies for subversion of these mechanisms of innate immunity. For example, acute infection by HIV-1 and other retroviruses have long been thought to be non-immunogenic, signifying suppression of host defenses by these pathogens. Studies in the past few years have begun to uncover a multifaceted scheme of how HIV-1 evades innate immune detection, especially of its DNA, by exploiting host proteins. This review will discuss the host mechanisms of HIV-1 DNA sensing and viral immune evasion, with a particular focus on TREX1, three prime repair exonuclease 1, a host 3' exonuclease (also known as DNase III).
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas, TX, USA ; DDepartment of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Maroof
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hasan
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas, TX, USA ; DDepartment of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yan
keywords: DNA sensing; HIV; Trex1; autoimmune diseases; innate immunity