Tetrabutylammonium-modified clay film electrodes: characterization and application to the detection of metal ions.
This work describes the preparation and characterization of smectite clay partially exchanged with tetrabutylammonium ions (TBA(+)) and its subsequent deposition onto glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for application to the preconcentration electroanalysis of metal ions (Cd, Pb, and Cu). Such partial exchange of TBA(+) induces the expansion of the interlayer region between the clay sheets (as ascertained by XRD) while maintaining its ion exchange capacity, which resulted in enhanced mass transport rates (as pointed out by electrochemical monitoring of permeability properties of these thin (organo)clay films on GCE). This principle was applied here to the anodic stripping square wave voltammetric analysis of metal ions after accumulation at open circuit. Among others, detection limits as low as 3.6×10(-8)M for copper and 7.2×10(-8)M for cadmium have been achieved.
Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4 Louis Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour l׳Environnement, UMR 7564, CNRS - Université de Lorraine, 405 rue de Vandoeuvre, F-54600 Villers-lès-Nancy, France.
Adela
A
Maghear
Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4 Louis Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; "Babeş-Bolyai" University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 11 Arany Janos Street, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Mihaela
M
Tertiş
Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4 Louis Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Luminţa
L
Fritea
"Babeş-Bolyai" University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 11 Arany Janos Street, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Iuliu O
IO
Marian
National Institute for R&D of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 65-103 Donath Street, 400295 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Emil
E
Indrea
Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour l׳Environnement, UMR 7564, CNRS - Université de Lorraine, 405 rue de Vandoeuvre, F-54600 Villers-lès-Nancy, France.
Alain
A
Walcarius
Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4 Louis Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania. Electronic address: rsandulescu@umfcluj.ro.
Robert
R
Săndulescu
D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D002104:Cadmium / Q000737:chemistry; D000077215:Clay; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry; D004563:Electrochemistry / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D004566:Electrodes; D004573:Electrolytes; D007477:Ions; D007854:Lead / Q000737:chemistry; D008422:Materials Testing; D008670:Metals / Q000737:chemistry*; D010539:Permeability; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D004573:Electrolytes; D007477:Ions; D008670:Metals; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D002104:Cadmium; D007854:Lead; D003300:Copper; C009405:tetrabutylammonium; D000077215:Clay
Clay-modified electrode; Metal ions; Permeability; Preconcentration electroanalysis; Square wave voltammetry; Tetrabutylammonium