Neural stimulators: a guide to imaging and postoperative appearances.
Implantable neural stimulators have been developed to aid patients with debilitating neurological conditions that are not amenable to other therapies. The aim of this article is to improve understanding of correct anatomical placement as well as the relevant imaging methods used to assess these devices. Potential complications following their insertion and an overview of the current indications and potential mechanism of action of these devices is provided.
Department of Neuroradiology, Barts and the Royal London Hospital, West Smithfield, London, EC1A 7BE, UK. Electronic address: ashokadams@hotmail.com.
A
A
Adams
Department of Neuroradiology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK.
J
J
Shand-Smith
Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK.
L
L
Watkins
Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK.
A W
AW
McEvoy
Department of Urogynaecology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK.
S
S
Elneil
Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK.
L
L
Zrinzo
Department of Neuroradiology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK.
I
I
Davagnanam
D003287:Contrast Media; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011184:Postoperative Period; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods
D003287:Contrast Media