Immunomodulatory effect of red onion (Allium cepa Linn) scale extract on experimentally induced atypical prostatic hyperplasia in Wistar rats.
Red onion scales (ROS) contain large amounts of flavonoids that are responsible for the reported antioxidant activity, immune enhancement, and anticancer property. Atypical prostatic hyperplasia (APH) was induced in adult castrated Wistar rats by both s.c. injection of testosterone (0.5 mg/rat/day) and by smearing citral on shaved skin once every 3 days for 30 days. Saw palmetto (100 mg/kg) as a positive control and ROS suspension at doses of 75, 150, and 300 mg/kg/day were given orally every day for 30 days. All medications were started 7 days after castration and along with testosterone and citral. The HPLC profile of ROS methanolic extract displayed two major peaks identified as quercetin and quercetin-4'-β-O-D-glucoside. Histopathological examination of APH-induced prostatic rats revealed evidence of hyperplasia and inflammation with cellular proliferation and reduced apoptosis Immunohistochemistry showed increased tissue expressions of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, IGF-1, and clusterin, while TGF-β1 was decreased, which correlates with the presence of inflammation. Both saw palmetto and RO scale treatment have ameliorated these changes. These ameliorative effects were more evident in RO scale groups and were dose dependent. In conclusion, methanolic extract of ROS showed a protective effect against APH induced rats that may be attributed to potential anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects.
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia ; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt.
Ahmed A
AA
Elberry
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
Shagufta
0000-0003-0333-245X
S
Mufti
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
Jaudah
J
Al-Maghrabi
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
Essam
E
Abdel Sattar
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
Salah A
SA
Ghareib
Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
Hisham A
HA
Mosli
Department of Isotopes Applications, Nuclear Research Center, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt.
Salah A
SA
Gabr
D000818:Animals; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D019697:Onions / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
D007155:Immunologic Factors; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D010936:Plant Extracts; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha