Evaluation of magnetic nanoparticles to serve as solid-phase extraction sorbents for the determination of endocrine disruptors in milk samples by gas chromatography mass spectrometry.
A rapid magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) is proposed based on C18-functionalized magnetic silica nanoparticles as sorbents, for the determination of endocrine disruptors - 20 organochlorine pesticides and 6 polychlorinated biphenyls - in milk samples. Magnetic nanoparticles are characterized by several techniques, such as Scanning Electron Microscopy, X-Ray diffraction, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller and Fourier transform-infrared. The MSPE is performed by dispersion of the Fe3O4@SiO2@C18 nanoparticles in milk samples with sonication, after protein precipitation. Then, the sorbent is collected by applying an external magnetic field and the analytes are desorbed by n-hexane. Several parameters affecting the extraction efficiency of target analytes by the magnetic nanoparticles are investigated, including washing and elution solvents, amount of sorbents, time of extraction and elution, sample and elution solvent volume. The proposed method is optimized by means of experimental design and response surface methodology. When coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry detection and under optimum extraction conditions, average recoveries of target analytes are found to be in the range of 79% to 116%. The proposed MSPE-GC-MS analytical method has a linear calibration curve for all target analytes with coefficients of determination to range from 0.9950 to 0.9999. The limits of quantification are found to be between 0.2 and 1μg/L ensuring compliance with the maximum residue limits established by European Commission and Codex Alimentarius, for OCPs and PCBs residues in milk. The proposed method is applied to the determination of target analytes in milk samples from local markets.
Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece. Electronic address: msynarid@cc.uoi.gr.
Maria-Evangelia S
ME
Synaridou
Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece. Electronic address: vsakkas@cc.uoi.gr.
Vasilios A
VA
Sakkas
Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece. Electronic address: cstalika@cc.uoi.gr.
Constantine D
CD
Stalikas
Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece. Electronic address: talbanis@cc.uoi.gr.
Triantafyllos A
TA
Albanis
D000818:Animals; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000032:analysis*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006586:Hexanes / Q000737:chemistry; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000295:instrumentation*
D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D006586:Hexanes; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; C026385:n-hexane
Experimental design; Magnetic solid-phase extraction; Magnetite octadecylsilane nanoparticles; Milk; Organochlorine pesticides; Polychlorinated biphenyls