Modulatory effects of proinflammatory cytokines for action cascading processes - evidence from neurosarcoidosis.
Neurosarcoidosis is a rare central nervous system manifestation of sarcoidosis. T cell, T-helper cell and macrophage activation via the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II-mediated pathway causes this disease. Little is known about the possible cognitive disturbances in this disease as most reported instances are case studies. Here, we provide the first in-depth analysis of psychomotor functions in a sample of 30 neurosarcoidosis patients. We investigated action control processes using a paradigm that is able to examine how different tasks are cascaded to achieve the task goal. We integrated electrophysiological (EEG) data with behavioural and neuroimmunological data. Our results show that there was no general cognitive decline in patients with neurosarcoidosis. Patients only presented deficits when two response options have to be prioritized. Patients apply an inefficient processing strategy where they try to processes different response options in parallel. The electrophysiological data show that the deficits are due to dysfunctions at the response selection stage. Behavioural and neurophysiological changes are predictable on the basis of soluble interleukin 2 receptor serum concentrations. The results show that neurosarcoidosis is not associated with nonspecific changes in cognitive functions but does lead to specific alterations in cognitive control that are strongly dependent on immunological parameters.
Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, Germany. Electronic address: christian.beste@uniklinikum-dresden.de.
Christian
C
Beste
Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, Germany; Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany.
Janina
J
Kneiphof
Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany.
Dirk
D
Woitalla
D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001288:Attention; D015415:Biomarkers; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002493:Central Nervous System Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000523:psychology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000523:psychology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000502:physiology*; D003657:Decision Making / Q000502:physiology; D004569:Electroencephalography; D056344:Executive Function / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007600:Judgment / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2 / Q000097:blood*; D012507:Sarcoidosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000523:psychology
D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2
Action control; EEG; Neuropsychology; Neurosarcoidosis; Soluble interleukin 2