Current early diagnostic biomarkers of prostate cancer.
Prostate cancer (PCa) has become to have the highest incidence and the second mortality rate in western countries, affecting men's health to a large extent. Although prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was discovered to help diagnose the cancer in an early stage for decades, its specificity is relative low, resulting in unnecessary biopsy for healthy people and over-treatment for patients. Thus, it is imperative to identify more and more effective biomarkers for early diagnosis of PCa in order to distinguish patients from healthy populations, which helps guide an early treatment to lower disease-related mortality by noninvasive or minimal invasive approaches. This review generally describes the current early diagnostic biomarkers of PCa in addition to PSA and summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of these biomarkers.
Min
M
Qu
Shan-Cheng
SC
Ren
Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
Ying-Hao
YH
Sun
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen