Cationic solid lipid nanoparticles interfere with the activity of antioxidant enzymes in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) are colloidal drug and/or gene carriers developed from solid lipids and surfactants that are considered safe. Cationic SLN, usually used for formulating poorly water-soluble drugs and for gene delivery purposes, as positively charged particles may attach to cellular surfaces and be internalized more easily than negatively charged SLN, but they can also cause damage. The main aim of this work was to test a set of cationic SLN and investigate its influence on the amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS), on antioxidant enzymes activities and on possible oxidative damage to membrane lipids in HepG2 cells. The Dichlorofluorescein assay revealed great increase in ROS presence after cell exposure to SLN. While the exposure to SLN increased the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase it decreased glutathione reductase activity. Although no significant increase in thiobarbituric reactive species was found, a decrease in sulfhydryl groups was detected. These results indicate that cationic SLN caused oxidative stress in HepG2 cells, but under reported exposure conditions HepG2 cells could attenuate the stress and thus the damage to cellular components was minimal.
Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, (ECVA, UTAD), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, Vila Real 5001-801, Portugal; Centro de Química, CQ-VR, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila-Real 5001-801, Portugal.
Slavomira
S
Doktorovová
Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, (ECVA, UTAD), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, Vila Real 5001-801, Portugal; Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, CITAB-UTAD, Vila-Real 5001-801, Portugal.
Dario L
DL
Santos
Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, Rua Carlos da Maia, 296, Porto 4200-150, Portugal.
Inês
I
Costa
Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, (ECVA, UTAD), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, Vila Real 5001-801, Portugal; Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, CITAB-UTAD, Vila-Real 5001-801, Portugal.
Tatiana
T
Andreani
Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, Rua Carlos da Maia, 296, Porto 4200-150, Portugal; Centre for Research in Biomedicine, CEBIMED, Fernando Pessoa University, Praça 9 de Abril, 349, Porto 4249-004, Portugal.
Eliana B
EB
Souto
Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, (ECVA, UTAD), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, Vila Real 5001-801, Portugal; Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, CITAB-UTAD, Vila-Real 5001-801, Portugal. Electronic address: amsilva@utad.pt.
Amélia M
AM
Silva
D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D002412:Cations; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004339:Drug Compounding; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism*; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008563:Membrane Lipids / Q000378:metabolism; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism*; D010316:Particle Size; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013499:Surface Properties; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry
D000975:Antioxidants; D002412:Cations; D004337:Drug Carriers; D008055:Lipids; D008563:Membrane Lipids; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D005978:Glutathione
DCFDA; Glutathione reductase; HepG2 cells; Oxidative stress; Solid lipid nanoparticles; TBARS