Pulmonary hyperpolarized noble gas MRI: recent advances and perspectives in clinical application.
The invention of hyperpolarized (HP) noble gas MRI using helium-3 ((3)He) or xenon-129 ((129)Xe) has provided a new method to evaluate lung function. Using HP (3)He or (129)Xe for inhalation into the lung air spaces as an MRI contrast agent significantly increases MR signal and makes pulmonary ventilation imaging feasible. This review focuses on important aspects of pulmonary HP noble gas MRI, including the following: (1) functional imaging types, (2) applications for major pulmonary diseases, (3) safety considerations, and (4) future directions. Although it is still challenging to use pulmonary HP noble gas MRI clinically, the technology offers promise for the investigation of the microstructure and function of the lungs.
Center for Pulmonary Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Department of Radiology, Guangdong General Hospital Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, China.
Zaiyi
Z
Liu
Center for Pulmonary Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA. Electronic address: taraki@partners.org.
Tetsuro
T
Araki
Center for Pulmonary Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
Yuka
Y
Okajima
Hyperpolarized Gas MRI Laboratory, Thunder Bay Regional Research Institute, Lakehead University, Canada.
Mitchell
M
Albert
Center for Pulmonary Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
Hiroto
H
Hatabu
D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D005544:Forecasting; D006371:Helium / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007554:Isotopes / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology*; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends*; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014979:Xenon Isotopes / Q000008:administration & dosage
D007554:Isotopes; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D014979:Xenon Isotopes; D006371:Helium
(129)Xe; (3)He; Hyperpolarized noble gas; Lung ventilation image; MRI