Hypoglycemic effects and mechanisms of electroacupuncture on insulin resistance.
The aim of this study was to investigate effects and mechanisms of electroacupuncture (EA) on blood glucose and insulin sensitivity in mice fed a high-fat diet. Both wild-type (WT) and adipose ectonucleotide pyrophosphate phosphodiesterase (ENPP1) transgenic (TG) mice were fed a high-fat diet for 12 wk; for each mouse, an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT) were performed with or without EA at abdomen or auricular areas. A high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance in both WT and TG mice. In the WT mice, EA at 3 Hz and 15 Hz, but not at 1 Hz or 100 Hz, via CV4+CV12 significantly reduced postprandial glucose levels; EA at 3 Hz was most potent. The glucose level was reduced by 61.7% at 60 min and 74.5% at 120 min with EA at 3 Hz (all P < 0.001 vs. control). Similar hypoglycemic effect was noted in the TG mice. On the contrary, EA at auricular points increased postprandial glucose level (P < 0.03). 4). EA at 3 Hz via CV4+CV12 significantly enhanced the decrease of blood glucose after insulin injection, suggesting improvement of insulin sensitivity. Plasma free fatty acid was significantly suppressed by 42.5% at 15 min and 50.8% at 30 min with EA (P < 0.01) in both WT and TG mice. EA improves glucose tolerance in both WT and TG mice fed a high-fat diet, and the effect is associated with stimulation parameters and acupoints and is probably attributed to the reduction of free fatty acid.
Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine. University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas;
Jieyun
J
Yin
Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine. University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Division of Endocrinology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; and.
Jian
J
Kuang
Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine. University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas;
Manisha
M
Chandalia
Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine. University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas;
Demidmaa
D
Tuvdendorj
Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine. University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas;
Batbayar
B
Tumurbaatar
Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine. University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas;
Nicola
N
Abate
Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine. University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Ningbo Pace Translational Medical Research Center, Ningbo, China jiandedzchen@gmail.com.
Jiande D Z
JD
Chen
D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000494:pharmacology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015671:Electroacupuncture; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019518:Postprandial Period; D011755:Pyrophosphatases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
D001786:Blood Glucose; D004041:Dietary Fats; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D007328:Insulin; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases; C065962:ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase 1; D011755:Pyrophosphatases
electroacupuncture; free fatty acid; glucose; insulin resistance; vagal activity