Free-energy landscapes of granular clusters grown by magnetic interaction.
We experimentally study the aggregation of small clusters made of non-Brownian dipolar beads in a vibro-fluidized system. The particles are paramagnetic spheres that add around a fixed magnetic seed inside a granular gas of glass beads. We observe that under appropriate physical conditions symmetric and asymmetric cluster configurations are created and, as the number of particles increases, the aggregation time obeys a power law. We use an ensemble statistics to evaluate the free-energies and entropies landscapes of the granular clusters. The correspondence between such landscapes shows that, even if the system is of macroscopic scale and not in strict equilibrium, our approach to understand the relationship between the cluster structures and the interactions that create them is reliable.
Instituto de Física, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72570, Puebla, México.
Jorge
J
González-Gutiérrez
J L
JL
Carrillo-Estrada
O
O
Carvente
J C
JC
Ruiz-Suárez