Use of lectin microarray to differentiate gastric cancer from gastric ulcer.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the feasibility of lectin microarray for differentiating gastric cancer from gastric ulcer.


METHODS
Twenty cases of human gastric cancer tissue and 20 cases of human gastric ulcer tissue were collected and processed. Protein was extracted from the frozen tissues and stored. The lectins were dissolved in buffer, and the sugar-binding specificities of lectins and the layout of the lectin microarray were summarized. The median of the effective data points for each lectin was globally normalized to the sum of medians of all effective data points for each lectin in one block. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded gastric cancer tissues and their corresponding gastric ulcer tissues were subjected to Ag retrieval. Biotinylated lectin was used as the primary antibody and HRP-streptavidin as the secondary antibody. The glycopatterns of glycoprotein in gastric cancer and gastric ulcer specimens were determined by lectin microarray, and then validated by lectin histochemistry. Data are presented as mean ± SD for the indicated number of independent experiments.


RESULTS
The glycosylation level of gastric cancer was significantly higher than that in ulcer. In gastric cancer, most of the lectin binders showed positive signals and the intensity of the signals was stronger, whereas the opposite was the case for ulcers. Significant differences in the pathological score of the two lectins were apparent between ulcer and gastric cancer tissues using the same lectin. For MPL and VVA, all types of gastric cancer detected showed stronger staining and a higher positive rate in comparison with ulcer, especially in the case of signet ring cell carcinoma and intra-mucosal carcinoma. GalNAc bound to MPL showed a significant increase. A statistically significant association between MPL and gastric cancer was observed. As with MPL, there were significant differences in VVA staining between gastric cancer and ulcer.


CONCLUSIONS
Lectin microarray can differentiate the different glycopatterns in gastric cancer and gastric ulcer, and the lectins MPL and VVA can be used as biomarkers.
Wei-Li Huang, Hui-Fan Ji, Bao-Rong Chi, Department of Hepatology, the First Clinic Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China.
Wei-Li
WL
Huang
Wei-Li Huang, Hui-Fan Ji, Bao-Rong Chi, Department of Hepatology, the First Clinic Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China.
Yang-Guang
YG
Li
Wei-Li Huang, Hui-Fan Ji, Bao-Rong Chi, Department of Hepatology, the First Clinic Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China.
Yong-Chen
YC
Lv
Wei-Li Huang, Hui-Fan Ji, Bao-Rong Chi, Department of Hepatology, the First Clinic Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China.
Xiao-Hui
XH
Guan
Wei-Li Huang, Hui-Fan Ji, Bao-Rong Chi, Department of Hepatology, the First Clinic Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China.
Hui-Fan
HF
Ji
Wei-Li Huang, Hui-Fan Ji, Bao-Rong Chi, Department of Hepatology, the First Clinic Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China.
Bao-Rong
BR
Chi
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D019921:Biotinylation; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000032:analysis*; D006031:Glycosylation; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D037102:Lectins; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D037121:Plant Lectins; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D013276:Stomach Ulcer / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D006023:Glycoproteins; D037102:Lectins; D037121:Plant Lectins; C042242:Vicia lectins
Differentiate; Gastric cancer; Gastric ulcer; Lectin histochemistry; Lectin microarray