A medical evaluation of the effects of computer assisted muscle stimulation in paraplegic patients.
An examination of the medical and physiological effects of functional electrical stimulation (FES) applied to the quadriceps muscle of five paraplegic male volunteers with complete spinal cord injuries was performed. FES training was provided three days a week over a 12-week period using a progressive resistive exercise protocol. Stimulation was applied through use of a closed-loop microprocessor-based FES system. Prior to the start of and immediately following the 12-week training period, subjects were assessed on several measures, including quadriceps muscle bulk and histochemistry, laboratory studies, echocardiography, and arm ergometry exercise. Results of the study indicated substantial increases in muscle strength and muscle bulk. At the outset of the study one patient suffered a patellar fracture. No significant changes in pretraining and posttraining general examinations, laboratory studies, echocardiography, or arm ergometry exercise testing were noted.
A
A
Fournier
M
M
Goldberg
B
B
Green
B
B
Brucker
J
J
Petrofsky
F
F
Eismont
R
R
Quencer
J
J
Sosenko
I
I
Pina
R
R
Shebert
K
K
Kessler
A
A
MacDonald
P
P
Fiore
B
B
Burnett