Combining linkage and association mapping identifies RECEPTOR-LIKE PROTEIN KINASE1 as an essential Arabidopsis shoot regeneration gene.
De novo shoot organogenesis (i.e., the regeneration of shoots on nonmeristematic tissue) is widely applied in plant biotechnology. However, the capacity to regenerate shoots varies highly among plant species and cultivars, and the factors underlying it are still poorly understood. Here, we evaluated the shoot regeneration capacity of 88 Arabidopsis thaliana accessions and found that the process is blocked at different stages in different accessions. We show that the variation in regeneration capacity between the Arabidopsis accessions Nok-3 and Ga-0 is determined by five quantitative trait loci (QTL): REG-1 to REG-5. Fine mapping by local association analysis identified RECEPTOR-LIKE PROTEIN KINASE1 (RPK1), an abscisic acid-related receptor, as the most likely gene underlying REG-1, which was confirmed by quantitative failure of an RPK1 mutation to complement the high and low REG-1 QTL alleles. The importance of RPK1 in regeneration was further corroborated by mutant and expression analysis. Altogether, our results show that association mapping combined with linkage mapping is a powerful method to discover important genes implicated in a biological process as complex as shoot regeneration.
Departments of Applied Biosciences andPlant Production, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
Hans
H
Motte
Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; andDepartment of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
Annelies
A
Vercauteren
Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; andDepartment of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
Stephen
S
Depuydt
Departments of Applied Biosciences and.
Sofie
S
Landschoot
Plant Production, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
Danny
D
Geelen
Departments of Applied Biosciences and.
Stefaan
S
Werbrouck
Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; andDepartment of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
Sofie
S
Goormachtig
Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; andDepartment of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
Marnik
M
Vuylsteke
Departments of Applied Biosciences and danny.vereecke@ugent.be.
Danny
D
Vereecke
D000040:Abscisic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D006239:Haplotypes; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D040641:Quantitative Trait Loci; D012038:Regeneration / Q000235:genetics; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology
D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D000040:Abscisic Acid; D011494:Protein Kinases; C105762:RPK1 protein, Arabidopsis
ABA; QTG; SNP; natural variation; regeneration recalcitrance