Assessment of lead exposure in waterfowl species, Korea.
Lead concentrations were analyzed in white-fronted geese (Anser albifrons, n = 15), mallards (Anas platyrhynchos, n = 4), and spot-billed ducks (A. poecilorhyncha, n = 13) found dead near Gimpo, Korea, to determine tissue- and species-specific lead concentration differences and to assess the effect of embedded lead shot. In livers, kidneys, and bones (tarsus), mallards and spot-billed ducks with embedded shot had greater lead concentrations than white-fronted geese and spot-billed ducks without lead shot. Lead concentrations in spot-billed ducks were greater in bones than in livers and kidneys suggesting chronic exposure to lead. Lead concentrations in 8 of 32 livers, 5 of 32 kidneys, and 9 of 32 bones exceeded the threshold level of abnormal exposure for wild birds (>5 µg/g dw in lives, >6 µg/g dw in kidney, and >6.75 µg/g dw in bone). Increased lead concentrations in soft tissues and bones might be attributed to increased lead shot ingestion and embedded shot. Lead concentrations were correlated between livers and kidneys, between livers and bones, and between kidneys and bones. These results suggest that a relationship between acute exposure in livers and kidneys and chronic exposure in bones.
Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seocheon-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin, 446-701, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea, herons@khu.ac.kr.
Jungsoo
J
Kim
Jong-Min
JM
Oh
D000818:Animals; D001717:Birds / Q000378:metabolism*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D056910:Republic of Korea; D014018:Tissue Distribution
D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D007854:Lead