Relationship between trans-generational effects of tetracycline on Daphnia magna at the physiological and whole organism level.
The effects of pharmaceuticals have been underestimated during single generation exposure. Therefore, in this study, we investigated toxic responses at the physiological and whole organism level in tetracycline-exposed Daphnia magna over four consecutive generational lifecycles. The results showed that tetracycline affected energy-related physiological functions in concentration- and generation-dependent manners, and especially maintenance costs increased. Consequently, multigenerational exposure to tetracycline induced changes in energy balance, resulting in the change of higher levels of biological responses. In contrast, D. magna acclimated to tetracycline exposure over multiple generations, as evidenced by the increased LC50 values. Transgenerational adaptation was related to the neonatal sensitivity and energy reserves of the organism. The results also emphasized the idea that the number of generation is an important factor for toxicity. The present study confirmed that toxic stress induces metabolic changes in an organism, thereby leading to increased energy consumption that results in adverse effects on reproduction.
Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korean Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Jeonbuk 580-185, Republic of Korea; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 261 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea.
Hyun Young
HY
Kim
Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korean Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Jeonbuk 580-185, Republic of Korea.
Seungho
S
Yu
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 261 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea.
Tae-Yong
TY
Jeong
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 261 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: sdkim@gist.ac.kr.
Sang Don
SD
Kim
D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000633:toxicity; D003621:Daphnia / Q000187:drug effects*; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013752:Tetracycline / Q000633:toxicity*; D036401:Toxicity Tests, Chronic
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D013752:Tetracycline
Acute mortality; Daphnia magna; Molecular biomarkers; Multi-generational toxicity; Tetracycline