Endoplasmic reticulum stress in malignancy.
The combination of relative nutrient deprivation and dysregulation of protein synthesis make malignant cells especially prone to protein misfolding. Endoplasmic reticulum stress, which results from protein misfolding within the secretory pathway, has a profound effect on cancer cell proliferation and survival. In this review, we examine the evidence implicating endoplasmic reticulum dysfunction in the pathology of cancer and discuss how recent findings may help to identify novel therapeutic targets.
Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.
Hanna J
HJ
Clarke
Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.
Joseph E
JE
Chambers
Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.
Elizabeth
E
Liniker
Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK. Electronic address: sjm20@cam.ac.uk.
Stefan J
SJ
Marciniak
D051702:Activating Transcription Factor 6 / Q000378:metabolism; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001897:Boronic Acids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000069286:Bortezomib; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D059865:Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D004722:Endoribonucleases / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D017510:Protein Folding; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011719:Pyrazines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D056811:Unfolded Protein Response; D019892:eIF-2 Kinase / Q000378:metabolism
C497111:ATF6 protein, human; D051702:Activating Transcription Factor 6; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001897:Boronic Acids; D011719:Pyrazines; D000069286:Bortezomib; C460640:EIF2AK3 protein, human; C528229:ERN1 protein, human; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D019892:eIF-2 Kinase; D004722:Endoribonucleases