Molecularly imprinted polymer cartridges coupled to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-UV) for simple and rapid analysis of fenthion in olive oil.
A combination of molecular modelling and a screening of the library of non-imprinted polymers (NIPs) was used to identify acrylamide as a functional monomer with high affinity towards fenthion, organophosphate insecticide, which is frequently used in the treatment of olives. A good correlation was found between the screening tests and modelling of monomer-template interactions performed using a computational approach. Acrylamide-based molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) and non-imprinted polymer (NIP) were thermally synthesised in dimethyl formamide (porogen) using ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as a cross-linker and 1,1-azo-bis (isobutyronitrile) as an initiator. The chemical and physical properties of the prepared polymers were characterised. The binding of fenthion by the polymers was studied using solvents with different polarities. The developed MIP showed a high selectivity towards fenthion, compared to other organophosphates (dimethoate, methidathion malalthion), and allowed extraction of fenthion from olive oil samples with a recovery rate of about 96%. The extraction of fenthion using MIPs was much more effective than traditional C18 reverse-phase solid phase extraction and allowed to achieve a low detection limit (LOD) (5 µg L(-1)).
Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, IMAGES EA4218, 52 Av. Paul Alduy, F-66860 Perpignan, France; Laboratoire AQUAMAR, Equipe Matériaux Photocatalyse et Environnement, Faculté des Sciences, Université Ibn Zohr, B.P. 8106 Cité Dakhla, Agadir, Maroc. Electronic address: idrissbakas@gmail.com.
Idriss
I
Bakas
Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, IMAGES EA4218, 52 Av. Paul Alduy, F-66860 Perpignan, France; Laboratoire AQUAMAR, Equipe Matériaux Photocatalyse et Environnement, Faculté des Sciences, Université Ibn Zohr, B.P. 8106 Cité Dakhla, Agadir, Maroc.
Najwa
N
Ben Oujji
Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, IMAGES EA4218, 52 Av. Paul Alduy, F-66860 Perpignan, France.
Georges
G
Istamboulié
Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Engineering, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK.
Sergey
S
Piletsky
Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Engineering, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK. Electronic address: ep219@le.ac.uk.
Elena
E
Piletska
Laboratoire AQUAMAR, Equipe Matériaux Photocatalyse et Environnement, Faculté des Sciences, Université Ibn Zohr, B.P. 8106 Cité Dakhla, Agadir, Maroc.
Elhabib
E
Ait-Addi
Laboratoire AQUAMAR, Equipe Matériaux Photocatalyse et Environnement, Faculté des Sciences, Université Ibn Zohr, B.P. 8106 Cité Dakhla, Agadir, Maroc.
Ihya
I
Ait-Ichou
Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, IMAGES EA4218, 52 Av. Paul Alduy, F-66860 Perpignan, France. Electronic address: noguer@univ-perp.fr.
Thierry
T
Noguer
Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, IMAGES EA4218, 52 Av. Paul Alduy, F-66860 Perpignan, France. Electronic address: rouillon@univ-perp.fr.
Régis
R
Rouillon
D000097:Acetonitriles / Q000737:chemistry; D002623:Chemistry Techniques, Analytical; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005284:Fenthion / Q000032:analysis*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D007306:Insecticides / Q000032:analysis*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008958:Models, Molecular; D054802:Molecular Imprinting / Q000379:methods*; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000032:analysis; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*
D000097:Acetonitriles; D007306:Insecticides; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010938:Plant Oils; D011108:Polymers; D005284:Fenthion; C032159:acetonitrile
Fenthion; MIP; Molecular modelling; Olive oil; Selective extraction; Solid phase extraction (SPE)