Diagnostic criteria for acute-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus (2012): Report of the Committee of Japan Diabetes Society on the Research of Fulminant and Acute-onset Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.
Type 1 diabetes is a disease characterized by destruction of pancreatic β-cells, which leads to absolute deficiency of insulin secretion. Depending on the manner of onset and progression, it is classified as fulminant, acute-onset or slowly progressive type 1 diabetes. Here, we propose the diagnostic criteria for acute-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus. Among the patients who develop ketosis or diabetic ketoacidosis within 3 months after the onset of hyperglycemic symptoms and require insulin treatment continuously after the diagnosis of diabetes, those with anti-islet autoantibodies are diagnosed with 'acute-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus (autoimmune)'. In contrast, those whose endogenous insulin secretion is exhausted (fasting serum C-peptide immunoreactivity <0.6 ng/mL) without verifiable anti-islet autoantibodies are diagnosed simply with 'acute-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus'. Patients should be reevaluated after certain periods in case their statuses of anti-islet autoantibodies and/or endogenous insulin secretory capacity are unknown.
Department of Metabolism/Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition Nagasaki University Hospital Nagasaki Japan.
Eiji
E
Kawasaki
Department of Internal Medicine Saitama Social Insurance Hospital Saitama Japan.
Taro
T
Maruyama
Department of Metabolic Medicine Graduate School of Medicine Osaka University Osaka Japan.
Akihisa
A
Imagawa
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Saitama Medical University Saitama Japan.
Takuya
T
Awata
Department of Endocrinology Metabolism and Diabetes Kinki University School of Medicine Osaka Japan.
Hiroshi
H
Ikegami
Diabetes Center Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan.
Yasuko
Y
Uchigata
Department of Laboratory Medicine Ehime University School of Medicine Ehime Japan.
Haruhiko
H
Osawa
Department of Endocrinology Metabolism and Diabetes Kinki University School of Medicine Osaka Japan.
Yumiko
Y
Kawabata
Third Department of Internal Medicine University of Yamanashi Yamanashi Japan.
Tetsuro
T
Kobayashi
Department of Internal Medicine Saiseikai Central Hospital Tokyo Japan.
Akira
A
Shimada
Department of Internal Medicine The Sakakibara Heart Institute of Okayama Okayama Japan.
Ikki
I
Shimizu
Department of Diabetes and Metabolism Iwate Medical University Iwate Japan.
Kazuma
K
Takahashi
Department of Internal Medicine Kakogawa West City Hospital Hyogo Japan.
Masao
M
Nagata
Diabetes Center Shiraishi Hospital Ehime Japan.
Hideichi
H
Makino
Department of Internal Medicine (I) Osaka Medical College Osaka Japan.
Toshiaki
T
Hanafusa
Criteria; Diagnosis; Type 1 diabetes