Effects of soldering methods on tensile strength of a gold-palladium metal ceramic alloy.
BACKGROUND
The tensile strength obtained by conventional postceramic application soldering and laser postceramic welding may require more energy than microwave postceramic soldering, which could provide similar tensile strength values.


OBJECTIVE
The purpose of the study was to compare the tensile strength obtained by microwave postceramic soldering, conventional postceramic soldering, and laser postceramic welding.


METHODS
A gold-palladium metal ceramic alloy and gold-based solder were used in this study. Twenty-seven wax specimens were cast in gold-palladium noble metal and divided into 4 groups: laser welding with a specific postfiller noble metal, microwave soldering with a postceramic solder, conventional soldering with the same postceramic solder used in the microwave soldering group, and a nonsectioned control group. All the specimens were heat treated to simulate a normal porcelain sintering sequence. An Instron Universal Testing Machine was used to measure the tensile strength for the 4 groups. The means were analyzed statistically with 1-way ANOVA. The surface and fracture sites of the specimens were subjectively evaluated for fracture type and porosities by using a scanning electron microscope.


RESULTS
The mean (standard deviation) ultimate tensile strength values were as follows: nonsectioned control 818 ±30 MPa, microwave 516 ±34 MPa, conventional 454 ±37 MPa, and laser weld 191 ±39 MPa. A 1-way ANOVA showed a significant difference in ultimate tensile strength among the groups (F3,23=334.5; P<.001). Follow-up multiple comparisons showed a significant difference among all the groups. Microwave soldering resulted in a higher tensile strength for gold and palladium noble metals than either conventional soldering or laser welding.


CONCLUSIONS
Conventional soldering resulted in a higher tensile strength than laser welding. Under the experimental conditions described, either microwave or conventional postceramic soldering would appear to satisfy clinical requirements related to tensile strength.
Specialist, Fixed Prosthodontics, Al-Amiri Dental Center, Kuwait City, Kuwait.
Husain A
HA
Ghadhanfari
Consultant, Fixed Prosthodontics, Al-Amiri Dental Center, Kuwait City, Kuwait. Electronic address: hkhajah@kuwait.edu.
Hasan M
HM
Khajah
Assistant Professor and Director, Postgraduate Prosthodontics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY.
Edward A
EA
Monaco
Assistant Professor, Postgraduate Prosthodontics, Department of Restorative Dentistry School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY.
Hyeongil
H
Kim
D000537:Aluminum Oxide / Q000737:chemistry; D003734:Dental Casting Investment / Q000737:chemistry; D045662:Dental Etching / Q000379:methods; D003776:Dental Porcelain / Q000737:chemistry; D012994:Dental Soldering / Q000379:methods*; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation; D004548:Elasticity; D006047:Gold Alloys / Q000737:chemistry*; D006244:Hardness; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D007204:Indium / Q000737:chemistry; D053844:Lasers, Solid-State; D008422:Materials Testing; D016876:Metal Ceramic Alloys / Q000737:chemistry*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008872:Microwaves; D010165:Palladium / Q000737:chemistry*; D016062:Porosity; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013718:Tensile Strength
D003734:Dental Casting Investment; D006047:Gold Alloys; D016876:Metal Ceramic Alloys; D007204:Indium; D003776:Dental Porcelain; D012834:Silver; D010165:Palladium; D000537:Aluminum Oxide