Effect of font size and glare on computer tasks in young and older adults.
OBJECTIVE
At a fixed viewing distance (VD), reading speed increases with print size. It is not known if this holds for computer tasks when postures are not constrained. Reflective glare on a monitor may reduce productivity. The effects of both may be modified by age. We evaluated effects of age, font size, and glare on performance for visually demanding text-based tasks on a computer.


METHODS
Nineteen young (18 to 35 years old) and eight older (55 to 65 years old wearing progressive lenses that correct for presbyopia) subjects participated in a study with two trial factors: font size (1.78, 2.23, and 3.56 mm) and glare (produced by bright light-emitting diode task light reflective off a matte liquid crystal display monitor). The monitor location was fixed but subjects were allowed to change their posture and move the chair. Subjects performed visual tasks that required similar visual skills to common tasks such as Internet use, data entry, or word processing.


RESULTS
Productivity, accuracy, and VD increased as font size increased. For each 1-mm increase in font size, there was a mean productivity gain of 3 correct clicks/min and an improvement in accuracy of 2%. Font size increase also led to lowered perceived task difficulty. Adding reflective glare on the monitor surface led to a reduced VD but had no effect on productivity or accuracy. With visual corrections for presbyopia, age had no effect on these relationships.


CONCLUSIONS
Productivity is improved when the font is increased from 1.78 or 2.23 to 3.56 mm for text-based computer tasks. The largest font size corresponds to a visual angle of font of 23.4 arcmin. This visual angle of font is above the high end of ISO recommendations (International Organization for Standardization, 1992, 2011). The findings may be useful for setting the font sizes for computers and for training office workers.
*PhD †BS ‡OD, MS, FAAO §OD, PhD, FAAO ∥MD, MPH Ergonomics Program, Department of Environmental Health Sciences (PK, DMR), Department of Bioengineering (AM, DMR), Department of Optometry and Vision Science (ILB), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California; and Vision Performance Institute, Pacific University, Forest Grove, Oregon (JS).
Peiyi
P
Ko
Anand
A
Mohapatra
Ian L
IL
Bailey
James
J
Sheedy
David M
DM
Rempel
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D016288:Computer Terminals; D006804:Ergonomics; D005139:Eyeglasses; D005260:Female; D019466:Glare; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011305:Presbyopia / Q000628:therapy; D011327:Printing / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011932:Reading; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult