Factors affecting long-term treatment results of displaced intraarticular calcaneal fractures: a post hoc analysis of a prospective, randomized, controlled multicenter trial.
OBJECTIVE
To study the factors affecting long-term treatment results of displaced intraarticular calcaneal fractures (DIACFs).


METHODS
A post hoc analysis.


METHODS
Tertiary care teaching hospitals.


METHODS
Eight to twelve years of results from a randomized controlled multicenter trial of operative versus nonoperative treatment (n = 56) were divided into 2 groups: the superior 50% results (n = 28) and the inferior 50% results (n = 28), regardless of the treatment given. The determinant of this division was a visual analog score for pain and function.


METHODS
The operative treatment consists of open reduction and internal fixation, whereas the nonoperative treatment consists of nonweight bearing and early range of motion exercise.


METHODS
A visual analog score for pain and function, the short-form 36 (SF-36) general health outcome questionnaire, the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) hindfoot scale, and Olerud-Molander score. We compared age, sex, fracture type (Sanders classification), treatment given, Böhler angle, residual articular surface step-off at healing, type of occupation, and injury insurance between the 2 groups.


RESULTS
Patients of the superior group had higher physical SF-36, AOFAS, and Olerud-Molander score than in the inferior group. Operative treatment, better Böhler angle and articular surface restoration, light labor/retirement, and absence of injury insurance were more common in the superior group. Age, sex, pretreatment Böhler angle, and fracture type were comparable in the superior and inferior groups.


CONCLUSIONS
The decision making for definitive treatment of intraarticular calcaneal fractures is multifactorial with a spectrum of results and trends such as patient demographic features that should be considered in choosing the best treatment option.


METHODS
Prognostic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
*Stockholm Fotkirurgklinik, Sofiahemmet, Stockholm, Sweden; †Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences (Orthopaedics-Sundsvall), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; ‡Stockholm Spine Center, Stockholm, Sweden; and §Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (Orthopaedics), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
Per-Henrik
PH
Agren
Sebastian
S
Mukka
Tycho
T
Tullberg
Per
P
Wretenberg
Arkan S
AS
Sayed-Noor
D000328:Adult; D002111:Calcaneus / Q000293:injuries*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D057072:Intra-Articular Fractures / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies