Factors in relation to bone mineral density in Korean middle-aged and older men: 2008-2010 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
OBJECTIVE
Studies on determinants of bone mineral density (BMD) among Asian middle-aged and older men are very limited. The aim of this study was to investigate general determinants and dietary factors influencing BMD in Korean middle-aged and older men.


METHODS
This study was conducted using data from the 2008-2010 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A total of 2,305 male subjects aged 50-79 years were included. Whole-body, total femur, femoral neck, and lumbar spine BMDs were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Dietary intake was estimated by 24-hour dietary recall. A food frequency questionnaire for 63 food items was also administered.


RESULTS
Proportions of osteoporosis at the total femur, femoral neck, and lumbar spine were 0.7, 3.3 and 7.0%, respectively. Age, height, weight, body mass index, fat mass, lean body mass, waist circumference, serum vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, and exercise were related to BMD, but the relationships were site specific. Diet quality and intake of vegetables, fruits, and calcium were associated with BMD.


CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that a high-quality diet, an adequate intake of fruits, vegetables, and calcium, as well as exercise, high serum vitamin D and weight maintenance might be determinants of BMD among middle-aged and older Asian men.
Department of Foods and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Yoon Jung
YJ
Yang
Jihye
J
Kim
D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People; D001827:Body Height; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology*; D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D002149:Energy Intake; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005272:Femur Neck / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood; D056910:Republic of Korea; D014675:Vegetables; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D055105:Waist Circumference
D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D014807:Vitamin D