Incidence of and risk factors associated with pulmonary and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis in Saudi Arabia (2010-2011).
METHODS
National Tuberculosis Program, Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).


OBJECTIVE
To summarize data on the incidence of tuberculosis and associated risk factors for cases reported during 2010-2011.


METHODS
Retrospective analysis of routinely collected data through an established national disease notification system of the Ministry of Health in KSA.


RESULTS
The estimated incidence of all forms of tuberculosis fell from 15.8/100000 (95% CI: 15.3/100,000-16.3/100,000) in 2010 to 13.8/100,000 (95% CI: 13.4/100,000-14.2/100,000) in 2011. Saudis experienced a decrease from 11.8/100,000 (95% CI: 11.3/100,000 to 12.3/100,000) in 2010 to 9.9/100,000 (95% CI: 9.5/100,000-10.4/100,000) in 2011 while the incidence in non-Saudis declined from 24.7/100,000 (95% CI: 23.6/100,000 to 25.7/100,000) in 2010 to 22.5/100,000 (95% CI: 21.5/100,000 to 23.4/100,000) in 2011. The proportion of Extra Pulmonary TB (EPTB) which increased minimally from 30% in 2010 to 32% in 2011 was higher than global figures and strongly associated with age, sex, nationality and occupation.


CONCLUSIONS
The current estimated incidence of about 14/100,000 in 2011 is less than half its estimated value of 44/100000 in 1990. Without prejudice to any under-reporting, the KSA appeared to be on the course for TB elimination by 2050 having reached the first milestone set by WHO. The proportion of EPTB remains higher than global figure and age, sex, nationality and occupation were significant independent predictors of EPTB.
Public Health Directorate, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Ziad Ahmed
ZA
Memish
Public Health Directorate, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Elija Afolabi
EA
Bamgboye
Public Health Directorate, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Naila
N
Abuljadayel
Public Health Directorate, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Hanan
H
Smadi
Public Health Directorate, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Mohamed Salamh
MS
Abouzeid
Public Health Directorate, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Rafat Faisal
RF
Al Hakeem
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012529:Saudi Arabia / Q000453:epidemiology; D012737:Sex Factors; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055815:Young Adult