Eco-synthesis of graphene and its use in dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide sensing.
In this paper, we report a green and eco-friendly approach to synthesize reduced graphene oxide (rGO) via a mild hydrothermal process using malt as a reduced agent. The proposed method is based on the reduction of graphene oxide (GO) in malt solution by making use of the reducing capability of phenolic compounds contained in malt solution. The obtained rGO was characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis revealed that the charge transfer resistance of rGO modified glassy carbon (GC) electrode was much lower than that of the GC electrode. The electrochemical behavior of dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) on rGO modified GC electrode was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and amperometry. Electrochemical experiments indicated that rGO/GC electrode exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity toward the NADH, which can be attributed to excellent electrical conductivity and high specific surface area of the rGO composite. The resulting biosensor showed highly sensitive amperometric response to NADH with a low detection limit (0.33μM).
Department of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran. Electronic address: mahmoud.tabrizi@gmail.com.
Mahmoud
M
Amouzadeh Tabrizi
Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Varamin, Iran.
Somayeh
S
Jalilzadeh Azar
Department of Physics, Mazandaran University, Mazandaran, Iran.
Javad
J
Nadali Varkani
D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D060326:Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic; D004563:Electrochemistry; D005898:Glass / Q000737:chemistry; D006108:Graphite / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D055772:Green Chemistry Technology; D001467:Hordeum / Q000737:chemistry; D057230:Limit of Detection; D009243:NAD / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry
D010087:Oxides; D009243:NAD; D006108:Graphite
Green chemistry; Malt; NADH; Reduced graphene oxide