Appearance of the canine meninges in subtraction magnetic resonance images.
The canine meninges are not visible as discrete structures in noncontrast magnetic resonance (MR) images, and are incompletely visualized in T1-weighted, postgadolinium images, reportedly appearing as short, thin curvilinear segments with minimal enhancement. Subtraction imaging facilitates detection of enhancement of tissues, hence may increase the conspicuity of meninges. The aim of the present study was to describe qualitatively the appearance of canine meninges in subtraction MR images obtained using a dynamic technique. Images were reviewed of 10 consecutive dogs that had dynamic pre- and postgadolinium T1W imaging of the brain that was interpreted as normal, and had normal cerebrospinal fluid. Image-anatomic correlation was facilitated by dissection and histologic examination of two canine cadavers. Meningeal enhancement was relatively inconspicuous in postgadolinium T1-weighted images, but was clearly visible in subtraction images of all dogs. Enhancement was visible as faint, small-rounded foci compatible with vessels seen end on within the sulci, a series of larger rounded foci compatible with vessels of variable caliber on the dorsal aspect of the cerebral cortex, and a continuous thin zone of moderate enhancement around the brain. Superimposition of color-encoded subtraction images on pregadolinium T1- and T2-weighted images facilitated localization of the origin of enhancement, which appeared to be predominantly dural, with relatively few leptomeningeal structures visible. Dynamic subtraction MR imaging should be considered for inclusion in clinical brain MR protocols because of the possibility that its use may increase sensitivity for lesions affecting the meninges.
Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, North Mymms, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK.
Christopher R
CR
Lamb
Richard
R
Lam
Erin K
EK
Keenihan
Stephen
S
Frean
D000818:Animals; D003287:Contrast Media; D004285:Dogs / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D005682:Gadolinium; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D008578:Meninges / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D012016:Reference Values; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013382:Subtraction Technique / Q000662:veterinary*
D003287:Contrast Media; D005682:Gadolinium
Anatomy; dog; gadolinium; magnetic resonance imaging; meninges; subtraction