Chlorine isotope effects from isotope ratio mass spectrometry suggest intramolecular C-Cl bond competition in trichloroethene (TCE) reductive dehalogenation.
Chlorinated ethenes are prevalent groundwater contaminants. To better constrain (bio)chemical reaction mechanisms of reductive dechlorination, the position-specificity of reductive trichloroethene (TCE) dehalogenation was investigated. Selective biotransformation reactions (i) of tetrachloroethene (PCE) to TCE in cultures of Desulfitobacterium sp. strain Viet1; and (ii) of TCE to cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cis-DCE) in cultures of Geobacter lovleyi strain SZ were investigated. Compound-average carbon isotope effects were -19.0‰ ± 0.9‰ (PCE) and -12.2‰ ± 1.0‰ (TCE) (95% confidence intervals). Using instrumental advances in chlorine isotope analysis by continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry, compound-average chorine isotope effects were measured for PCE (-5.0‰ ± 0.1‰) and TCE (-3.6‰ ± 0.2‰). In addition, position-specific kinetic chlorine isotope effects were determined from fits of reactant and product isotope ratios. In PCE biodegradation, primary chlorine isotope effects were substantially larger (by -16.3‰ ± 1.4‰ (standard error)) than secondary. In TCE biodegradation, in contrast, the product cis-DCE reflected an average isotope effect of -2.4‰ ± 0.3‰ and the product chloride an isotope effect of -6.5‰ ± 2.5‰, in the original positions of TCE from which the products were formed (95% confidence intervals). A greater difference would be expected for a position-specific reaction (chloride would exclusively reflect a primary isotope effect). These results therefore suggest that both vicinal chlorine substituents of TCE were reactive (intramolecular competition). This finding puts new constraints on mechanistic scenarios and favours either nucleophilic addition by Co(I) or single electron transfer as reductive dehalogenation mechanisms.
Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany. one_fiftyone@hotmail.com.
Stefan
S
Cretnik
Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany. anatbern@bgu.ac.il.
Anat
A
Bernstein
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. orfan@uwaterloo.ca.
Orfan
O
Shouakar-Stash
Department of Microbiology & Center for Environmental Biotechnology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-2000, USA. frank.loeffler@utk.edu.
Frank
F
Löffler
Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany. martin.elsner@helmholtz-muenchen.de.
Martin
M
Elsner
D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002247:Carbon Isotopes / Q000737:chemistry; D002713:Chlorine / Q000737:chemistry*; D045858:Desulfitobacterium / Q000378:metabolism*; D004000:Dichloroethylenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D045302:Geobacter / Q000378:metabolism*; D007700:Kinetics; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008956:Models, Chemical; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D013750:Tetrachloroethylene / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D014241:Trichloroethylene / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D004000:Dichloroethylenes; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014241:Trichloroethylene; D002713:Chlorine; D013750:Tetrachloroethylene; C035384:1,2-dichloroethylene