The University of Chicago contribution to the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease and its complications: a tribute to David B. Skinner 1935-2003.
OBJECTIVE
To highlight the contributions from the University of Chicago under the leadership of Dr David B. Skinner to the understanding of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and its complications.


BACKGROUND
The invention of the esophagoscope confirmed that GERD was a premorbid condition. The medical world was divided between those who believed in a morphological lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and those who did not. Those who did not believe attempted to rearrange the anatomy of the foregut organs to stop reflux with minimal success. The discovery of the LES focused attention on the sphincter as the main deterrent to reflux and the hope that measurement of a low LES pressure would mark the presence of GERD. This turned out not to be so. In July 1973, with this history of confusion, Dr Skinner at the age of 36 assumed the chair of surgery at the University of Chicago.


METHODS
The publications of the University of Chicago's esophageal group were collected from private and public (PubMed) databases, reviewed, and seminal contributions selected.


RESULTS
Twenty-four-hour esophageal pH monitoring led to the understanding of the LES, its contribution to GERD, and the complication of Barrett's esophagus. The relationship of Barrett's to adenocarcinoma was clarified. The rising incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma led to contributions in the staging of esophageal cancer and its treatment with an en bloc resection.


CONCLUSIONS
Ten years after the death of Dr Skinner, we can appreciate the monumental contributions to benign and malignant esophageal disease under his leadership.
*Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; and †University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.
Christina L
CL
Greene
Stephanie G
SG
Worrell
Marco G
MG
Patti
Tom R
TR
DeMeester
D002641:Chicago; D013505:Digestive System Surgical Procedures / Q000266:history*; D049630:Esophageal Sphincter, Lower; D050782:Esophageal pH Monitoring / Q000266:history; D004945:Esophagoscopy / Q000266:history; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000266:history* / Q000601:surgery*; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D014495:Universities / Q000266:history*