Installing logic-gate responses to a variety of biological substances in supramolecular hydrogel-enzyme hybrids.
Soft materials that exhibit stimuli-responsive behaviour under aqueous conditions (such as supramolecular hydrogels composed of self-assembled nanofibres) have many potential biological applications. However, designing a macroscopic response to structurally complex biochemical stimuli in these materials still remains a challenge. Here we show that redox-responsive peptide-based hydrogels have the ability to encapsulate enzymes and still retain their activities. Moreover, cooperative coupling of enzymatic reactions with the gel response enables us to construct unique stimuli-responsive soft materials capable of sensing a variety of disease-related biomarkers. The programmable gel-sol response (even to biological samples) is visible to the naked eye. Furthermore, we built Boolean logic gates (OR and AND) into the hydrogel-enzyme hybrid materials, which were able to sense simultaneously plural specific biochemicals and execute a controlled drug release in accordance with the logic operation. The intelligent soft materials that we have developed may prove valuable in future medical diagnostics or treatments.
1] Department of Biomolecular Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan [2] United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
Masato
M
Ikeda
Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
Tatsuya
T
Tanida
Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
Tatsuyuki
T
Yoshii
Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
Kazuya
K
Kurotani
Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
Shoji
S
Onogi
Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.
Kenji
K
Urayama
1] Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan [2] Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), CREST, 5 Sanbancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan.
Itaru
I
Hamachi
D001896:Boron Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D002384:Catalysis; D005949:Glucose Oxidase / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D020100:Hydrogels / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000378:metabolism; D008128:Logic; D015394:Molecular Structure; D016877:Oxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D044367:Phase Transition; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
D001896:Boron Compounds; D020100:Hydrogels; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D016877:Oxidants; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D014867:Water; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D005949:Glucose Oxidase