Prenatal exposure to air toxics and risk of Wilms' tumor in 0- to 5-year-old children.
OBJECTIVE
To study prenatal air toxic exposure and Wilms' tumor in children.


METHODS
We identified 337 Wilms' tumor cases among children younger than 6 years (1988 to 2008) from the California Cancer Registry, randomly selected 96,514 controls from California birth rolls in 20:1 ratio matched to all cancer cases, then linked birth addresses to air monitors within 15 miles to assess exposures. Multiple logistic regressions were applied to estimate effects.


RESULTS
Children prenatally exposed to formaldehyde, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, perchloroethylene, or acetaldehyde in the third trimester had an increased odds of Wilms' tumor per interquartile increase in concentration (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 1.28 [1.12 to 1.45], 1.10 [0.99 to 1.22], 1.09 [1.00 to 1.18], 1.25 [1.07 to 1.45], respectively).


CONCLUSIONS
We found positive associations for four air toxics. This is the first study of this kind. Future studies are needed to confirm our findings.
From the Department of Epidemiology (Drs Shrestha, Ritz, Wilhelm, and Heck), Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles Precision Health Economics (Dr Shrestha); Department of Biostatistics (Mr Qiu), Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles; and Department of Preventive Medicine (Dr Cockburn), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.
Anshu
A
Shrestha
Beate
B
Ritz
Michelle
M
Wilhelm
Jiaheng
J
Qiu
Myles
M
Cockburn
Julia E
JE
Heck
D000393:Air Pollutants; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005557:Formaldehyde; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D011247:Pregnancy; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000453:epidemiology; D009396:Wilms Tumor / Q000453:epidemiology*
D000393:Air Pollutants; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D005557:Formaldehyde