Forestier's disease and its implications in otolaryngology: literature review.
BACKGROUND
Forestier's disease affects the spinal column of primarily elderly men. It is not rare, but it is often undiagnosed and can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. When it affects the cervical spine, it can result in important otorhinolaryngological manifestations.


OBJECTIVE
To analyze the pharyngeal and laryngeal symptoms of the Forestier's disease.


METHODS
Literature review of the Web of Knowledge, PubMed, and SciELO databases and of the ten most frequently cited journals in the field of otorhinolaryngology. Additionally, a manual search was performed for publications in the reference lists of selected articles, mostly those of a historical nature.


RESULTS
The etiology of the disease is still unclear. Symptoms of complications are more significant than the disease itself. Dysphagia is the most common cervical symptom and has several involved mechanisms. Other symptoms are sleep apnea, pharyngeal globus, coughing, dysphonia, dyspnea, otalgia, and medullary compression. The diagnosis is verified by appropriate radiological study. Treatment is based on a conservative strategy. Patients with refractory dysphagia and respiratory impairment can be surgically treated.


CONCLUSIONS
Forestier's disease should be suspected in elderly patients with the major symptoms of complications, which are common in otorhinolaryngology practice and when identified, a multidisciplinary approach should be instituted as soon as possible.
Janaina Oliveira Bentivi
JO
Pulcherio
Cláudia Márcia Malafaia de Oliveira
CM
Velasco
Rosane Siciliano
RS
Machado
Wallace Nascimento de
WN
Souza
Daniella Rossi de
DR
Menezes
D000368:Aged; D006801:Humans; D004057:Hyperostosis, Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D008875:Middle Aged