Just so stories: the random acts of anti-cancer nanomedicine performance.
Contrary to high expectations, the majority of clinically approved anti-cancer nanomedicine, and those under clinical trials, have shown limited therapeutic efficacy in humans. So, why these nanomedicine are not delivering their promise? Here, we discuss likely factors, and call for a paradigm shift in approach and design of future cancer nanotherapeutics based on realistic cancer models representing human disease, and better understanding of integrated pathophysiological processes, including systems immunology, that modulate human tumor functionality and growth.


BACKGROUND
This critical review of the current state of translational oncology research utilizing nanomedicine-based approaches provides a comprehensive discussion of the multiple factors that are responsible for poor outcomes when translating these approaches models to the actual human disease.
Nanomedicine Research Group, Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. moien.moghimi@sund.ku.dk
Seyed Moein
SM
Moghimi
Zahra Shadi
ZS
Farhangrazi
D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D006801:Humans; D050997:Nanomedicine / Q000379:methods*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000178:diet therapy*; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays