New perspectives for articular cartilage repair treatment through tissue engineering: A contemporary review.
In this paper review we describe benefits and disadvantages of the established methods of cartilage regeneration that seem to have a better long-term effectiveness. We illustrated the anatomical aspect of the knee joint cartilage, the current state of cartilage tissue engineering, through mesenchymal stem cells and biomaterials, and in conclusion we provide a short overview on the rehabilitation after articular cartilage repair procedures. Adult articular cartilage has low capacity to repair itself, and thus even minor injuries may lead to progressive damage and osteoarthritic joint degeneration, resulting in significant pain and disability. Numerous efforts have been made to develop tissue-engineered grafts or patches to repair focal chondral and osteochondral defects, and to date several researchers aim to implement clinical application of cell-based therapies for cartilage repair. A literature review was conducted on PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar using appropriate keywords, examining the current literature on the well-known tissue engineering methods for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis.
Giuseppe Musumeci, Paola Castrogiovanni, Marta Anna Szychlinska, Carla Loreto, Sergio Castorina, Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
Giuseppe
G
Musumeci
Giuseppe Musumeci, Paola Castrogiovanni, Marta Anna Szychlinska, Carla Loreto, Sergio Castorina, Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
Paola
P
Castrogiovanni
Giuseppe Musumeci, Paola Castrogiovanni, Marta Anna Szychlinska, Carla Loreto, Sergio Castorina, Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
Rosalia
R
Leonardi
Giuseppe Musumeci, Paola Castrogiovanni, Marta Anna Szychlinska, Carla Loreto, Sergio Castorina, Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
Francesca Maria
FM
Trovato
Giuseppe Musumeci, Paola Castrogiovanni, Marta Anna Szychlinska, Carla Loreto, Sergio Castorina, Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
Marta Anna
MA
Szychlinska
Giuseppe Musumeci, Paola Castrogiovanni, Marta Anna Szychlinska, Carla Loreto, Sergio Castorina, Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
Angelo
A
Di Giunta
Giuseppe Musumeci, Paola Castrogiovanni, Marta Anna Szychlinska, Carla Loreto, Sergio Castorina, Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
Carla
C
Loreto
Giuseppe Musumeci, Paola Castrogiovanni, Marta Anna Szychlinska, Carla Loreto, Sergio Castorina, Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
Sergio
S
Castorina
Cartilage; Mesenchymal stem cells; Osteoarthritis; Repair; Scaffolds; Tissue engineering