Prevalence and clinical characteristics of Charles Bonnet syndrome in Madrid, Spain.
OBJECTIVE
Charles Bonnet syndrome (CBS) is a condition characterized by development of visual hallucinations in patients with no cognitive impairment and significant loss of vision mainly caused by age-related macular degeneration (AMD) or glaucoma.


METHODS
This was a study of prevalence and characteristics of CBS diagnosed at the Neuroophthalmic Unit within the Ophthalmology Department of Hospital Clínico San Carlos (HCSC), Madrid, Spain.


RESULTS
The CBS prevalence in patients from HCSC Madrid is 0.47%, rising to 15% in patients with low vision. Women over 80 years of age comprised 58.3% of the patients, who mainly had AMD (58.3%). Main characteristics of hallucinations included animals (50%), color (58.3%), moving (75%), 6- to 12-month evolution (50%), three times a day frequency (75%), and 3- to 5-minute duration (50%).


CONCLUSIONS
Charles Bonnet syndrome is a complex process that must be treated jointly by ophthalmologists, neurologists, and psychiatrists in order to ensure accurate diagnosis and adequate management. New studies are needed in order to improve awareness of clinical manifestation of this condition, the incidence of which is underestimated due to patients' fear of being branded mentally ill, as well as physicians' lack of knowledge about CBS.
Neuro-Ophthalmology Unit, Ophthalmology Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid - Spain.
Enrique
E
Santos-Bueso
Federico
F
Sáenz-Francés
Mercedes
M
Serrador-García
Jesús
J
Porta-Etessam
José María
JM
Martínez-de-la-Casa
Julián
J
García-Feijoo
Julián
J
García-Sánchez
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006212:Hallucinations / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D013577:Syndrome; D015354:Vision, Low / Q000453:epidemiology