Effects of two PBDE congeners on the moulting enzymes of the freshwater amphipod Gammarus pulex.
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are abundant in aquatic environment. However, only few studies have investigated their impacts on freshwater invertebrates. This work aimed to study the effects of BDE-47 and BDE-99 congeners on the chitobiase and chitinolytic enzymes activities of the freshwater amphipod Gammarus pulex, according to gender, PBDE concentration and time of exposure. In addition, the bioaccumulation of BDE-47 and BDE-99 were measured. Results revealed that females have bioaccumulated more PBDE than males, and BDE-99 was more accumulated than BDE-47. PBDE exposures for 96 h have caused chitobiase and chitinolytic enzymes inhibition. This study not only indicate the importance of taking into account various confounding factors (gender, congeners, concentration) to understand PBDE effects, but underline also disruptions of molting enzymes activities. These disturbances suggest effects on the gammarid development and reproduction, and consequently effects on the gammarid population, and on a larger scale, a dysfunction of the ecosystem.
Laboratoire d'Ecologie Animale et d'Ecotoxicologie (LEAE), Institue de Chimie, Bât. B6C, 15 allée du 6 Août, Sart-Tilman, Université de Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium. Electronic address: gismondi.eric@gmail.com.
Eric
E
Gismondi
Laboratoire d'Ecologie Animale et d'Ecotoxicologie (LEAE), Institue de Chimie, Bât. B6C, 15 allée du 6 Août, Sart-Tilman, Université de Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium.
Jean-Pierre
JP
Thomé
D000118:Acetylglucosaminidase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D033304:Amphipoda / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D000818:Animals; D002688:Chitinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005618:Fresh Water; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers / Q000633:toxicity*; D006596:Hexosaminidases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D012737:Sex Factors; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
C477694:2,2',4,4',5-brominated diphenyl ether; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C511295:2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether; C079639:1,4-beta-chitobiosidase; D006596:Hexosaminidases; D002688:Chitinases; D000118:Acetylglucosaminidase
Bioaccumulation; Chitobiase; Gammarus pulex; Moult; Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE)