Nutritional imbalances linking cellular senescence and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
OBJECTIVE
Quality of nutrition plays a central role in illnesses such as diabetes and its complications. Dietary and lifestyle habits may have a strong impact, either worsening or improving the evolution of diabetes mellitus. Some factors, such as obesity, worsen the illness, causing chronic inflammation, lipid metabolic disorder, accelerated atherosclerosis, increased risk for thrombosis, hypertension, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and cellular senescence. Some other nutritional components, however, have an opposite effect, probably increasing antioxidant defense.


RESULTS
The effects of nutritional factors on cellular senescence in diabetic patients are described in this review. In particular, we discuss some of the nutritional causes of cellular senescence in diabetes mellitus and focus on different nutraceutical compounds that can affect cellular senescence. Furthermore, relevant mechanisms of action are also described.


CONCLUSIONS
Diet and nutraceutical factors have important effects on diabetes mellitus. Some molecules, which improve antioxidant defense, may counteract cellular senescence. A good lifestyle with physical activity and good weight control can improve the quality of life in diabetic people; on the contrary, obesity and vitamin deficiencies may worsen the evolution of this illness, even inducing cellular senescence.
aExperimental Models in Clinical Pathology, INRCA-IRCCS National Institute, Ancona bDepartment of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Gruppo Multimedica, Sesto San Giovanni (MI), Italy cInstitut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) dCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain.
Roberto
R
Testa
Stefano
S
Genovese
Antonio
A
Ceriello
D000818:Animals; D016922:Cellular Senescence; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000097:blood / Q000172:deficiency; D009043:Motor Activity
D018977:Micronutrients