Decline in physical activity level in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study cohort.
BACKGROUND
We aimed to identify demographic and health-related predictors of declining physical activity levels over a four-year period among participants in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study.


METHODS
Analyses included 7,287 ≥5-year childhood cancer survivors and 2,107 siblings who completed multiple follow-up questionnaires. Participants were classified as active if they met the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines for physical activity. Generalized linear models were used to compare participants whose physical activity levels declined from active to inactive over the study to those who remained active. In addition, selected chronic conditions (CTCAE v4.03 Grade 3 and 4) were evaluated as risk factors in an analysis limited to survivors only.


RESULTS
The median age at last follow-up among survivors and siblings was 36 (range, 21-58) and 38 (range, 21-62) years, respectively. The rate of decline did not accelerate over time among survivors when compared with siblings. Factors that predicted declining activity included body mass index ≥30 kg/m(2) [RR = 1.32; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.19-1.46, P < 0.01], not completing high school (RR = 1.31; 95% CI, 1.08-1.60, P < 0.01), and female sex (RR = 1.33; 95% CI, 1.22-1.44, P < 0.01). Declining physical activity levels were associated with the presence of chronic musculoskeletal conditions (P = 0.034), but not with the presence of cardiac (P = 0.10), respiratory (P = 0.92), or neurologic conditions (P = 0.21).


CONCLUSIONS
Interventions designed to maximize physical activity should target female, obese, and less educated survivors. Survivors with chronic musculoskeletal conditions should be monitored, counseled, and/or referred for physical therapy.


CONCLUSIONS
Clinicians should be aware of low activity levels among subpopulations of childhood cancer survivors, which may heighten their risk for chronic illness.
Departments of Epidemiology and Cancer Control.
Carmen L
CL
Wilson
Division of Clinical Statistics and Cancer Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington;
Kayla
K
Stratton
Division of Clinical Statistics and Cancer Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington;
Wendy L
WL
Leisenring
Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York;
Kevin C
KC
Oeffinger
Department of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
Paul C
PC
Nathan
Department of Pediatrics, The Aflac Cancer & Blood Disorders Center at Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia;
Karen
K
Wasilewski-Masker
Departments of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, Oncology, and.
Melissa M
MM
Hudson
Department of Pediatrics, Section Hematology/Oncology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; and.
Sharon M
SM
Castellino
Department of Radiation Physics, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
Marilyn
M
Stovall
Departments of Epidemiology and Cancer Control.
Gregory T
GT
Armstrong
Departments of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, Psychology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee;
Tara M
TM
Brinkman
Departments of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, Psychology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee;
Kevin R
KR
Krull
Departments of Epidemiology and Cancer Control.
Leslie L
LL
Robison
Departments of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, kiri.ness@stjude.org.
Kirsten K
KK
Ness
D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D009369:Neoplasms; D011788:Quality of Life; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017741:Survivors / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult