Bacterial subversion of host cytoskeletal machinery: hijacking formins and the Arp2/3 complex.
The host actin nucleation machinery is subverted by many bacterial pathogens to facilitate their entry, motility, replication, and survival. The majority of research conducted in the past primarily focused on exploitation of a host actin nucleator, the Arp2/3 complex, by bacterial pathogens. Recently, new studies have begun to explore the role of formins, another family of host actin nucleators, in bacterial pathogenesis. This review provides an overview of recent advances in the study of the exploitation of the Arp2/3 complex and formins by bacterial pathogens. Secreted bacterial effector proteins seem to manipulate the regulation of these actin nucleators or functionally mimic them to drive bacterial entry, motility and survival within host cells. An enhanced understanding of how formins are exploited will provide us with greater insight into how a fundamental eurkaryotic cellular process is utilized by bacteria and will also advance our knowledge of host-pathogen interactions.
Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Dorothy
D
Truong
John W
JW
Copeland
John H
JH
Brumell
D008841:Actin Cytoskeleton / Q000502:physiology; D051376:Actin-Related Protein 2-3 Complex / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000378:metabolism*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D008840:Microfilament Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
D051376:Actin-Related Protein 2-3 Complex; D008840:Microfilament Proteins
Arp2/3; actin-based motility; formins; host-pathogen interactions