α5β1 integrin signaling mediates oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced inflammation and early atherosclerosis.
OBJECTIVE
Endothelial cell activation drives early atherosclerotic plaque formation. Both fibronectin deposition and accumulation of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) occur early during atherogenesis, and both are implicated in enhanced endothelial cell activation. However, interplay between these responses has not been established. The objective of our study was to determine whether endothelial matrix composition modulates the inflammatory properties of oxLDL.


RESULTS
We now show that oxLDL-induced nuclear factor-κB activation, proinflammatory gene expression, and monocyte binding are significantly enhanced when endothelial cells are attached to fibronectin compared with basement membrane proteins. This enhanced response does not result from altered oxLDL receptor expression, oxLDL uptake, or reactive oxygen species production, but results from oxLDL-induced activation of the fibronectin-binding integrin α5β1. Preventing α5β1 signaling (blocking antibodies, knockout cells) inhibits oxLDL-induced nuclear factor-κB activation and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression. Furthermore, oxLDL drives α5β1-dependent integrin signaling through the focal adhesion kinase pathway, and focal adhesion kinase inhibition (PF-573228, small interfering RNA) blunts oxLDL-induced nuclear factor-κB activation, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression, and monocyte adhesion. Last, treatment with the α5β1 signaling inhibitor, ATN-161, significantly blunts atherosclerotic plaque development in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice, characterized by reduced vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression and macrophage accumulation without affecting fibrous cap size.


CONCLUSIONS
Our data suggest that α5β1-mediated cross-talk between fibronectin and oxLDL regulates inflammation in early atherogenesis and that therapeutics that inhibit α5 integrins may reduce inflammation without adversely affecting plaque structure.
From the Departments of Pathology (A.Y., J.G., P.A., M.C.M., A.W.O.) and Cell Biology and Anatomy (A.Y., A.W.O.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport; and Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL (A.P.M.).
Arif
A
Yurdagul
From the Departments of Pathology (A.Y., J.G., P.A., M.C.M., A.W.O.) and Cell Biology and Anatomy (A.Y., A.W.O.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport; and Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL (A.P.M.).
Jonette
J
Green
From the Departments of Pathology (A.Y., J.G., P.A., M.C.M., A.W.O.) and Cell Biology and Anatomy (A.Y., A.W.O.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport; and Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL (A.P.M.).
Patrick
P
Albert
From the Departments of Pathology (A.Y., J.G., P.A., M.C.M., A.W.O.) and Cell Biology and Anatomy (A.Y., A.W.O.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport; and Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL (A.P.M.).
Marshall C
MC
McInnis
From the Departments of Pathology (A.Y., J.G., P.A., M.C.M., A.W.O.) and Cell Biology and Anatomy (A.Y., A.W.O.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport; and Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL (A.P.M.).
Andrew P
AP
Mazar
From the Departments of Pathology (A.Y., J.G., P.A., M.C.M., A.W.O.) and Cell Biology and Anatomy (A.Y., A.W.O.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport; and Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL (A.P.M.). aorr@lsuhsc.edu.
A Wayne
AW
Orr
D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000378:metabolism; D005355:Fibrosis; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D039081:Integrin alpha5beta1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D058226:Plaque, Atherosclerotic; D034622:RNA Interference; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors; D014162:Transfection; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism
D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D005353:Fibronectins; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D039081:Integrin alpha5beta1; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D016328:NF-kappa B; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein
atherosclerosis; fibronectins; inflammation; integrin alpha5beta1; lipoproteins, LDL