Unreported workplace violence in nursing.
BACKGROUND
Workplace violence occurs on a frequent basis in nursing. Most violent acts remain unreported. Consequently, we do not know the actual frequency of the occurrence of workplace violence. This requires research of nurses' actions following workplace violence and identification of reasons why most victims do not report violent acts in the appropriate manner.


OBJECTIVE
To explore violence in nursing as experienced by nurses in Slovenia.


METHODS
A survey was carried out with a representative sample of nurses in Slovenia. The questionnaire Workplace Violence in Nursing was submitted to 3756 nurses, with 692 completing the questionnaire.


RESULTS
A total of 61.6% of the nurses surveyed had been exposed to violence in the past year. Most victims were exposed to psychological (60.1%) and economic violence (28.9%). Victims reported acts of violence in formal written form in a range from 6.5% (psychological violence) to 10.9% (physical violence). The largest share of victims who did not report violence and did not speak to anyone about it were victims of sexual violence (17.9%). The main reason for not reporting the violence was the belief that reporting it would not change anything, followed by the fear of losing one's job.


CONCLUSIONS
Only a small share of the respondents reported violence in written form, the main reason being the victims' belief that reporting it would not change anything. This represents a severe criticism of the system for preventing workplace violence for it reveals the failure of response by leadership structures in healthcare organizations.


CONCLUSIONS
Professional associations and the education system must prepare nurses for the prevention of violence and appropriate actions in the event of violent acts. Healthcare organizations must ensure the necessary conditions for enabling and encouraging appropriate actions following violent acts according to relevant protocols.
Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
A
A
Kvas
J
J
Seljak
D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003625:Data Collection; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D019221:Mandatory Reporting; D008875:Middle Aged; D009740:Nursing Staff / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011897:Random Allocation; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D017406:Sexual Harassment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017524:Slovenia; D012919:Social Behavior; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D064450:Workplace Violence / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult
Harassment; Nurses; Nursing Care; Psychological Violence; Sexual Violence; Slovenia; Staff Development; Workforce Organization; Workplace Violence