[Emergency coronary artery bypass grafting for acute coronary syndrome: mid-term follow-up results].
OBJECTIVE
To summarize the experience with emergency coronary artery bypass grafting (ECABG) for management of acute coronary syndrome and analyze the mid-term follow-up results.


METHODS
Forty-five ECABG surgeries were performed in 34 male and 11 female patients (aged 65.6∓5.8 years) for cardiogenic shock (5 cases), acute heart failure (6 cases) and refractory unstable angina (34 cases). Twenty patients received the operation within one week after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and 18 were preoperatively supported by intra-aortic balloon pumping (IABP). All patients had triple-vessel disease and 15 had left main stenosis. Ten patients experienced two myocardial infarctions and 6 had chronic renal dysfunction including two requiring hemodialysis. On-pump operations were performed in all cases with a mean CPB time of 104.2∓29.7 min and cross clamping time of 69.0∓21.3 min. Cold blood or HTK cardioplegia was used for myocardial protection. The left internal mammary artery (LIMA) was routinely anastomosed to the left anterior descending artery (LAD), and the great saphenous vein (GSV) to other target vessels. The mean number of grafts was 2.9∓0.6.


RESULTS
Forty-one patients were cured and discharged and 4 patients died with an in-hospital mortality of 8.9%, including one associated with cardiac event (2.2%). IABP was weaned off within 28.5∓10.6 h after surgery except for one patient who died of multiple organ and system failure (MOSF). Thirty-eight patients (92.7%) were followed up for a mean of 37.3∓16.7 months, during which 2 patients died with a mid-term survival rate of 94.7%. Thirty-five (92.1%) patients had New York Heart Association (NYHA) class I and II. The freedom from cardiac event was 90.5%. Follow-up echocardiography showed significantly improved left ventricular dimension and ejection fraction in these cases (P<0.05), and graft patency was 95.8% for the LIMA and 90.5% for the GSV.


CONCLUSIONS
Despite a slight increase of the in-hospital mortality, ECABG can improve the mid-term survival, freedom from cardiac event, and cardiac function when the indications and timing for surgery are well controlled with optimal perioperative management.
Institute of Cardiac Surgery of PLA, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100853, China. E-mail: xcs301@tom.com.
Cangsong
C
Xiao
Rong
R
Wang
Bojun
B
Li
Yang
Y
Wu
Gang
G
Wang
Chonglei
C
Ren
Weihua
W
Ye
Wei
W
Sheng
Jiachun
J
Li
Jiali
J
Wang
Tingting
T
Chen
Qi
Q
Zhou
Tao
T
Zhang
Lan
L
Ma
Changqing
C
Gao
D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000601:surgery*; D000368:Aged; D000789:Angina, Unstable; D001021:Aortic Valve; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007423:Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping; D008297:Male; D008323:Mammary Arteries; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome