Teratogenic risks from exposure to illicit drugs.
Substance use is prevalent in the United States, especially in the reproductive age population. Even though a reduction in substance use may occur during pregnancy, some women may not alter their drug use patterns until at least pregnancy is confirmed. For these reasons, a large number of fetuses are exposed to illicit substances, including during critical stages of organogenesis. Associating illicit drug use with eventual pregnancy outcome is difficult. This article presents issues pertaining to limitations with published investigations about fetal risks and describes the most current information in humans about fetal effects from specific illicit substances.
Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, MSC10 5580, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA. Electronic address: BHolbrook@salud.unm.edu.
Bradley D
BD
Holbrook
Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, MSC10 5580, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA.
William F
WF
Rayburn
D000014:Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018743:Perinatal Care; D011181:Postnatal Care; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000139:chemically induced*; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D013723:Teratogens; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
D013287:Illicit Drugs; D013723:Teratogens
Addiction; Fetal effects; Illicit drug use; Pregnancy complications; Teratogenic risk