Tin film sensor with on-chip three-electrode configuration for voltammetric determination of trace Tl(I) in strong acidic media.
The present work describes the trace analysis of Tl(I) in acidic medium (0.05 mol L(-1) nitric acid) by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) at a tin film sensor with novel configuration. This "green" electroanalytical device features on-chip metal film electrodes (a Sn-film working electrode, a Ag-film reference electrode and a Pt-film counter electrode), fabricated by sputtering the respective metals on a silicon chip. The effect of preconcentration time, preconcentration potential and SW stripping parameters on the Tl(I) detection was studied in detail. The limit of detection for Tl(I) was 1.1 μg L(-1), while the % relative standard deviation at the same sensor was 5.2% at the 10 μg L(-1) level. Finally, the sensors were successfully applied to the direct determination of Tl(I) in an acidified certified lake water sample.
Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece. Electronic address: xkokkinos@gmail.com.
Christos
C
Kokkinos
Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece.
Anastasios
A
Economou
D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D002138:Calibration; D002623:Chemistry Techniques, Analytical / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004492:Edetic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques; D004563:Electrochemistry; D004566:Electrodes; D004867:Equipment Design; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D057230:Limit of Detection; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D010984:Platinum / Q000737:chemistry; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012825:Silicon / Q000737:chemistry; D013793:Thallium / Q000737:chemistry*; D014001:Tin / Q000737:chemistry*
D010984:Platinum; D014001:Tin; D004492:Edetic Acid; D013793:Thallium; D012825:Silicon
Integrated electrodes; Photolithography; Sputtering; Stripping voltammetry; Thallium; Tin-film electrode