In vitro biotransformation rates in fish liver S9: effect of dosing techniques.
In vitro biotransformation assays are currently being explored to improve estimates of bioconcentration factors of potentially bioaccumulative organic chemicals in fish. The present study compares thin-film and solvent-delivery dosing techniques as well as single versus multiple chemical dosing for measuring biotransformation rates of selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) liver S9. The findings show that biotransformation rates of very hydrophobic substances can be accurately measured in thin-film sorbent-dosing assays from concentration-time profiles in the incubation medium but not from those in the sorbent phase because of low chemical film-to-incubation-medium mass-transfer rates at the incubation temperature of 13.5 °C required for trout liver assays. Biotransformation rates determined by thin-film dosing were greater than those determined by solvent-delivery dosing for chrysene (octanol-water partition coefficient [KOW ] =10(5.60) ) and benzo[a]pyrene (KOW  =10(6.04) ), whereas there were no statistical differences in pyrene (KOW  =10(5.18) ) biotransformation rates between the 2 methods. In sorbent delivery-based assays, simultaneous multiple-chemical dosing produced biotransformation rates that were not statistically different from those measured in single-chemical dosing experiments for pyrene and benzo[a]pyrene but not for chrysene. In solvent-delivery experiments, multiple-chemical dosing produced biotransformation rates that were much smaller than those in single-chemical dosing experiments for all test chemicals. While thin-film sorbent-phase and solvent delivery-based dosing methods are both suitable methods for measuring biotransformation rates of substances of intermediate hydrophobicity, thin-film sorbent-phase dosing may be more suitable for superhydrophobic chemicals.
School of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.
Yung-Shan
YS
Lee
Danny H Y
DH
Lee
Maximilien
M
Delafoulhouze
S Victoria
SV
Otton
Margo M
MM
Moore
Chris J
CJ
Kennedy
Frank A P C
FA
Gobas
D000818:Animals; D001564:Benzo(a)pyrene / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D001681:Biological Assay / Q000379:methods*; D001711:Biotransformation; D002911:Chrysenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D017686:Oncorhynchus mykiss / Q000378:metabolism*; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D013696:Temperature; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
D002911:Chrysenes; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D014867:Water; C031180:chrysene; D001564:Benzo(a)pyrene
Bioaccumulation; Ethylene vinyl acetate thin film; In vitro biotransformation; Sorbent-phase dosing