Protective effect of salidroside on cardiac apoptosis in mice with chronic intermittent hypoxia.
BACKGROUND
The goal of this study is to determine if salidroside has protective effects on hypoxia-induced cardiac widely dispersed apoptosis in mice with severe sleep apnea model.


METHODS
Sixty-four C57BL/6J mice 5-6 months of age were divided into four groups, i.e. Control group (21% O2, 24h per day, 8 weeks, n=16); Hypoxia group (Hypoxia: 7% O2 60s, 20% O2 alternating 60s, 8h per day, 8 weeks, n=16); and Hypoxia+S10 and Hypoxia+S 30 groups (Hypoxia for 1st 4 weeks, hypoxia pretreated 10mg/kg and 30 mg/kg salidroside by oral gavage per day for 2nd 4 weeks, n=16 and 16). The excised hearts from four groups were measured by the heart weight index, H&E staining, TUNEL-positive assays and Western blotting.


RESULTS
TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells in mice heart were less in Hypoxia+S10 and Hypoxia+S30 than those in the Hypoxia group. Compared with Hypoxia, the protein levels of Fas ligand, Fas death receptors, Fas-Associated Death Domain (FADD), activated caspase 8, and activated caspase 3 (Fas pathways) were decreased in Hypoxia+S10 and Hypoxia+S30. In the mitochondria pathway, the protein levels of BcLx, Bcl2, and Bid (anti-apoptotic Bcl2 family) in Hypoxia+S10 and Hypoxia+S30 were more than those in Hypoxia. The protein levels of Bax, t-Bid, activated caspase 9, and activated caspase 3 were less in Hypoxia+S10 and Hypoxia+S30 than those in hypoxia.


CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that salidroside has protective effects on chronic intermittent hypoxia-induced Fas-dependent and mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathways in mice hearts.
Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
Mei-Chih
MC
Lai
Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
Jaung-Geng
JG
Lin
Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
Pei-Ying
PY
Pai
College of Medicine and Nursing, Department of Nursing, Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan.
Mei-Hsin
MH
Lai
Department of Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan; Department of Medical Technology, Jen-The Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, Taiwan.
Yueh-Min
YM
Lin
Department of Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan; Department of Medical Technology, Jen-The Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, Taiwan.
Yu-Lan
YL
Yeh
Department of Psychology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
Shiu-Min
SM
Cheng
Department of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
Yi-fan
YF
Liu
Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
Chih-Yang
CY
Huang
Department of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, China. Electronic address: shinda@mail.cmu.edu.tw.
Shin-Da
SD
Lee
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005960:Glucosides / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects*; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008929:Mitochondria, Heart / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D010636:Phenols / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D029771:Rhodiola
D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D005960:Glucosides; D010636:Phenols; C009172:rhodioloside
Apoptotic; Caspase; Heart; Hypoxia; Low oxygen; Salidroside