Silver nanoparticles: therapeutical uses, toxicity, and safety issues.
The promises of nanotechnology have been realized to deliver the greatest scientific and technological advances in several areas. The biocidal activity of Metal nanoparticles in general and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) depends on several morphological and physicochemical characteristics of the particles. Many of the interactions of the AgNPs with the human body are still poorly understood; consequently, the most desirable characteristics for the AgNPs are not yet well established. Therefore, the development of nanoparticles with well-controlled morphological and physicochemical features for application in human body is still an active area of interdisciplinary research. Effects of the development of technology of nanostructured compounds seem to be so large and comprehensive that probably it will impact on all fields of science and technology. However, mechanisms of safety control in application, utilization, responsiveness, and disposal accumulation still need to be further studied in-depth to ensure that the advances provided by nanotechnology are real and liable to provide solid and consistent progress. This review aims to discuss AgNPs applied in biomedicine and as promising field for insertion and development of new compounds related to medical and pharmacy technology. The review also addresses drug delivery, toxicity issues, and the safety rules concerning biomedical applications of silver nanoparticles.
Department of Chemical Engineering Polytechnic School, University of Sao PauloBrazil.
Carolina Alves
CA
Dos Santos
Department of Chemical Engineering Polytechnic School, University of Sao PauloBrazil. Electronic address: mkrai123@rediffmail.com.
Marcelo Martins
MM
Seckler
Department of Biotechnology SGB Amravati University Amravati444 602 Maharashtra India.
Avinash P
AP
Ingle
Department of Biotechnology SGB Amravati University Amravati444 602 Maharashtra India; Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science Aurangabad 431004 Maharashtra India.
Indarchand
I
Gupta
Department of Pharmacy, CIRPEB, University of Naples, "Federico II" and Istituto di Biostrutturee Bio immagini CNR Naples 80314 Italy.
Stefania
S
Galdiero
Department of Experimental Medicine Division of Microbiology - II University of Naples Via De Crecchio 780138 Naples Italy.
Massimiliano
M
Galdiero
Department of Biotechnology SGB Amravati University Amravati444 602 Maharashtra India; Department of BiologyUtah State UniversityLoganUtah84322.
Aniket
A
Gade
Department of Biotechnology SGB Amravati University Amravati444 602 Maharashtra India. Electronic address: mahendrarai7@gmail.com.
Mahendra
M
Rai
D000818:Animals; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D006801:Humans; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity; D036103:Nanotechnology; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity
D012834:Silver
antimicrobials; biomaterials; coating; drug delivery; nanotechnology; silver nanoparticles; synthesis; therapeutics; toxicity