Bioavailability of hydroxycinnamic acids from Crepidiastrum denticulatum using simulated digestion and Caco-2 intestinal cells.
Hydroxycinnamic acids have antioxidant properties and potentially beneficial effects on human health. This study investigated the digestive stability, bioaccessibility, and permeability of hydroxycinnamic acids from Crepidiastrum denticulatum using simulated digestion and Caco-2 intestinal cells. The major compounds of C. denticulatum were determined to be four hydroxycinnamic acids [caftaric acid, chlorogenic acid, chicoric acid, and 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (3,5-DCQA)] and one flavonoid (luteolin-7-O-glucuronide) by high-performance liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Hydroxycinnamic acids from C. denticulatum were rapidly released in the stomach and duodenum phase, maximizing the possibility of absorption in the intestinal Caco-2 cells. The digestive stability and bioaccessibility of hydroxycinnamic acids from C. denticulatum were markedly low after simulated digestion and remained minimal in the soluble fraction of the ileum phase. Unlike the four hydroxycinnamic acids, luteolin-7-O-glucuronide was stable in terms of digestive stability and bioaccessibility during simulated digestion. The cell permeabilities (P(app A to B)/P(app B to A)) of caftaric acid (0.054) and chlorogenic acid (0.055) were higher than those of chicoric acid (0.011) and 3,5-DCQA (0.006) in general. That of luteolin-7-O-glucuronide was not detectable, showing its low absorption in Caco-2 cells. These results indicate that the rapid release of hydroxycinnamic acids in the stomach and duodenum phase may increase the potential for absorption in Caco-2 cells, and that luteolin-7-O-glucuronide, which was stable in terms of digestive stability and bioaccessibility, has relatively low absorption compared with hydroxycinnamic acids.
Functional Food Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , Gangneung 210-340, Republic of Korea.
Hee Ju
HJ
Lee
Kwang Hyun
KH
Cha
Chul Young
CY
Kim
Chu Won
CW
Nho
Cheol-Ho
CH
Pan
D019659:Asteraceae / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D001682:Biological Availability; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003373:Coumaric Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004063:Digestion; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D007422:Intestines / Q000737:chemistry; D008954:Models, Biological; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
D003373:Coumaric Acids; D010936:Plant Extracts