Fracture is additionally attributed to hyperhomocysteinemia in men and premenopausal women with type 2 diabetes.
OBJECTIVE
Data on hyperhomocysteinemia in relation to fractures in diabetes are limited. We aimed to explore the relationship between plasma total homocysteine concentrations and fractures in men and premenopausal women with type 2 diabetes.


METHODS
Diabetic and control participants (n = 292) were enrolled in a cross-sectional hospital-based study. Bone mineral density and fractures were documented by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and X-ray film, respectively. Plasma total homocysteine concentrations were measured using fluorescence polarization immunoassay. Risk factors for low bone mineral density or fractures and determinants of homocysteine were obtained from blood samples and the interviewer questionnaire.


RESULTS
Plasma total homocysteine levels were higher in diabetic participants with fractures than without (8.6 [2.1] μmol/L vs 10.3 [3.0] μmol/L, P = 0.000). Diabetic participants with fractures had similar bone mineral densities as control participants. The association of homocysteine with the fracture was independent of possible risk factors for fractures (e.g., age, duration of diabetes, glycated hemoglobin, body mass index, thiazolidenediones and retinopathy) and determinants of homocysteine concentration (e.g., age, sex, serum folate and vitamin B12, renal status and biguanide use; odds ratio 1.41, 95% confidence interval 1.05-2.03, P = 0.020). Furthermore, per increase of 5.0 μmol/L plasma homocysteine was related to the fracture, after controlling for per unit increase of other factors (odds ratio 1.42, 95% confidence interval 1.12-1.78, P = 0.013).


CONCLUSIONS
Plasma total homocysteine concentration is independently associated with occurrence of fractures in men and premenopausal women with type 2 diabetes. Future prospective studies are warranted to clarify the relationship.
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China ; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism The Affiliated Jiangsu Shenze Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Suzhou China.
Jianbo
J
Li
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China.
Hongman
H
Zhang
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China.
Lingfei
L
Yan
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China.
Min
M
Xie
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China.
Jiawei
J
Chen
Fracture; Homocysteine; Men and premenopausal women with type 2 diabetes