Co-occurrence of type A and B trichothecenes and zearalenone in wheat grown in northern Italy over the years 2009-2011.
The occurrence of the most widespread type A and B trichothecenes and of zearalenone was surveyed in soft and durum wheat produced in northern Italy. A total of 293 wheat fields, grown in the years 2009-2011, were surveyed; for each field, weather and cropping system data were collected. The results indicated a high deoxynivalenol incidence, with durum always more contaminated than soft wheat; in 2010, the percentage of durum wheat samples exceeding the European Commission legal limit was 39.6%. As regards type A trichothecenes, widespread contamination was observed in 2010. In soft wheat, an incidence of 70% and 85% was found for T-2 and HT-2 toxins, respectively; all the durum wheat samples were contaminated. The trichothecene contamination was affected by weather conditions; copious rainfall and high relative humidity (RH) during flowering occurred in 2010, when the highest contamination of both type A and B trichothecenes was found.
a Institute of Food & Feed Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture , Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Piacenza , Italy.
Terenzio
T
Bertuzzi
Marco
M
Camardo Leggieri
Paola
P
Battilani
Amedeo
A
Pietri
D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D005670:Fusarium; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D012639:Seeds / Q000382:microbiology; D013605:T-2 Toxin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000032:analysis*; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology; D014887:Weather; D015025:Zearalenone / Q000032:analysis*
D014255:Trichothecenes; D015025:Zearalenone; D013605:T-2 Toxin; C007262:deoxynivalenol; C012351:HT-2 toxin
T-2 and HT-2 toxins; deoxynivalenol; weather and agronomic factors; wheat