Coffee consumption and risk of fracture in the Cohort of Swedish Men (COSM).
BACKGROUND
Recent research in a large cohort of women showed that coffee consumption is not associated with increased risk of fracture. Whether this is the case also among men is less clear.


METHODS
In the Cohort of Swedish Men (COSM) study, 42,978 men aged 45-79 years old at baseline in 1997 answered a self-administered food frequency questionnaire covering coffee consumption and a medical and lifestyle questionnaire covering potential confounders. Our main outcomes first fracture at any site and first hip fracture were collected from the National Patient Registry in Sweden. The association between coffee consumption and fracture risk was investigated using Cox's proportional hazards regression.


RESULTS
During a mean follow-up of 11.2 years, 5,066 men had a first fracture at any site and of these, 1,186 (23%) were hip fractures. There was no association between increasing coffee consumption (per 200 ml) and rate of any fracture (hazard ratio [HR] 1.00; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.99-1.02) or hip fracture (HR 1.02; 95% CI 0.99-1.06) after adjustment for potential confounders. For men consuming ≥ 4 cups of coffee/day compared to those consuming <1 cup of coffee/day, HR for any type of fracture was 0.91 (95% CI 0.80-1.02) and for hip fracture: 0.89 (95% CI 0.70-1.14).


CONCLUSIONS
High coffee consumption was not associated with an increased risk of fractures in this large cohort of Swedish men.
Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Orthopaedics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Risk and Benefit Assessment Department, National Food Agency, Uppsala, Sweden.
Helena
H
Hallström
Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Alicja
A
Wolk
Risk and Benefit Assessment Department, National Food Agency, Uppsala, Sweden.
Anders
A
Glynn
Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Orthopaedics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Karl
K
Michaëlsson
Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Orthopaedics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Liisa
L
Byberg
D000368:Aged; D003069:Coffee / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006620:Hip Fractures / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012307:Risk Factors; D013548:Sweden
D003069:Coffee