Evolution of androgen receptor targeted therapy for advanced prostate cancer.
The discovery of androgen dependence in prostate cancer in 1941 by Huggins and colleagues has remained the backbone for the treatment of this disease. However, although many patients initially respond to androgen depletion therapy, they almost invariably relapse and develop resistance with transition of the disease to a castration-resistant state. Over the past decade, the better understanding of the mechanisms that drive resistance to castration has led to the development of next-generation androgen receptor targeting agents such as abiraterone acetate and enzalutamide. This Review aims to revisit the discovery and evolution of androgen receptor targeting therapeutics for the treatment of advanced-stage prostate cancer over the years and to discuss the upcoming future and challenges in the treatment of this common cancer.
Prostate Targeted Therapy Group, The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, London SM2 5NG, UK.
Yien Ning Sophia
YN
Wong
Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, London SM2 5NG, UK.
Roberta
R
Ferraldeschi
Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, London SM2 5NG, UK.
Gerhardt
G
Attard
Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, London SM2 5NG, UK.
Johann
J
de Bono
D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D064129:Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000378:metabolism*
D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D011944:Receptors, Androgen