Comparative in vitro study of calcium phosphate ceramics for their potency as scaffolds for tissue engineering.
BACKGROUND
Calcium phosphate ceramics have been widely considered as scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Selection of the best support for cultured cells, crucial for tissue engineered systems, is still required.


OBJECTIVE
We examined three types of calcium phosphate compounds: α-tricalcium phosphate - the most soluble one, carbonate hydroxyapatite - chemically the most similar to the bone mineral and biphasic calcium phosphate - with the best in vivo biocompatibility in order to select the best support for osteoblastic cells for tissue engineered systems.


METHODS
Human osteoblasts were tested in direct contact with both dense samples and 3D scaffolds in either static or dynamic culture. Cell viability, cell spreading, osteogenic cell capacity, and extracellular matrix production were examined.


RESULTS
The obtained data indicate that biphasic calcium phosphate is the optimal cell-supporting material. In addition, dynamic culture improved cell distribution in the scaffolds, enhanced production of the extracellular matrix and promoted cells osteogenic capacity.


CONCLUSIONS
Biphasic calcium phosphate should be recommended as the most suitable matrix for osteogenic cells expansion and differentiation in tissue engineered systems.
Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
Joanna
J
Wójtowicz
Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
Joanna
J
Leszczyńska
Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
Anna
A
Chróścicka
AGH - Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, University of Science and Technology, Cracow, Poland.
Anna
A
Slósarczyk
AGH - Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, University of Science and Technology, Cracow, Poland.
Zofia
Z
Paszkiewicz
AGH - Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, University of Science and Technology, Cracow, Poland.
Aneta
A
Zima
Division of Materials Design, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland.
Krzysztof
K
Rożniatowski
Department of Biophysics and Human Physiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
Piotr
P
Jeleń
Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
Małgorzata
M
Lewandowska-Szumieł
D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000166:cytology; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D016062:Porosity; D046509:Tissue Culture Techniques; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
D002130:Calcium Phosphates; C020243:calcium phosphate
Tissue engineering; biphasic calcium phosphate; ceramics; dynamic culture; osteoblast