Mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 of rhesus macaques: molecular cloning, expression, and alteration after viral infection.
BACKGROUND
Mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1), a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, is essential for gut-specific homing of leukocytes; however, it has not been well characterized in rhesus macaques.


OBJECTIVE
To obtain the complete nucleotide sequence of rhesus macaque MAdCAM-1 cDNA and determine its distribution in gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) and its alteration in duodenal mucosa after simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) infection.


METHODS
MAdCAM-1 cDNA was cloned from the colon mucosa of a rhesus macaque by 3'- and 5'-RACE. The distribution and abundance of MAdCAM-1 mRNA in the GALT were examined by nested and real-time RT-PCR. The alterations of MAdCAM-1 mRNA levels in SHIV-infected duodenal mucosa were determined by real-time RT-PCR.


RESULTS
The nucleotide sequence of rhesus macaque MAdCAM-1 cDNA (1,503 bp nucleotides) including the 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions was obtained. The coding region (1,086 bp) showed 87.56% and the Ig-like domain 1, 2 and TM + cytoplasmic domains showed >93% nucleotide sequence identity to that of humans. Like humans, rhesus macaques lacked MAdCAM-1 IgA1-like domain, which could be a common feature for all primates appeared later during vertebrate evolution. Two species of MAdCAM-1 mRNA were detected and high-level transcripts were observed primarily in the GALT. The full-length MAdCAM-1 expressed in vitro could bind to human α4β7. MAdCAM-1 mRNA levels were statistically significantly reduced in SHIV-infected duodenal mucosa.


CONCLUSIONS
These data provided a basis for using rhesus macaques in pathological and therapeutic studies on leukocyte homing related diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease and HIV/AIDS.
National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, China-CDC, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China.
Yue
Y
Wang
Wen-Rong
WR
Yao
Jia-Zhong
JZ
Duan
Wei
W
Xu
Gui-Bo
GB
Yang
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002264:Carboxylic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008221:Lymphoid Tissue; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009088:Mucoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000378:metabolism; D010802:Phylogeny; D011485:Protein Binding
D002264:Carboxylic Acids; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D007136:Immunoglobulins; D009088:Mucoproteins; D009281:Naphthalenes; C120097:integric acid