Immunomodulatory properties of HLA-G in infectious diseases.
HLA-G is a nonclassical major histocompatibility complex molecule first described at the maternal-fetal interface, on extravillous cytotrophoblasts. Its expression is restricted to some tissues in normal conditions but increases strongly in pathological conditions. The expression of this molecule has been studied in detail in cancers and is now also beginning to be described in infectious diseases. The relevance of studies on HLA-G expression lies in the well known inhibitory effect of this molecule on all cell types involved in innate and adaptive immunity, favoring escape from immune control. In this review, we summarize the features of HLA-G expression by type of infections (i.e, bacterial, viral, or parasitic) detailing the state of knowledge for each pathogenic agent. The polymorphism, the interference of viral proteins with HLA-G intracellular trafficking, and various cytokines have been described to modulate HLA-G expression during infections. We also discuss the cellular source of HLA-G, according to the type of infection and the potential role of HLA-G. New therapeutic approaches based on synthetic HLA-G-derived proteins or antibodies are emerging in mouse models of cancer or transplantation, and these new therapeutic tools may eventually prove useful for the treatment of infectious diseases.
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), U.1085, Institut de Recherche sur la Santé, l'Environnement, et le Travail (IRSET), 2 Avenue du Pr. Leon Bernard CS 34317, 35043 Rennes, France ; Université de Rennes 1, 35043 Rennes, France ; Fédération de Recherche BioSit de Rennes UMS 3480, 35043 Rennes, France ; Department of Biology, University Hospital Pontchaillou, CHU Pontchaillou, 35033 Rennes, France.
Laurence
L
Amiot
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), U.1085, Institut de Recherche sur la Santé, l'Environnement, et le Travail (IRSET), 2 Avenue du Pr. Leon Bernard CS 34317, 35043 Rennes, France ; Université de Rennes 1, 35043 Rennes, France ; Fédération de Recherche BioSit de Rennes UMS 3480, 35043 Rennes, France.
Nicolas
N
Vu
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), U.1085, Institut de Recherche sur la Santé, l'Environnement, et le Travail (IRSET), 2 Avenue du Pr. Leon Bernard CS 34317, 35043 Rennes, France ; Université de Rennes 1, 35043 Rennes, France ; Fédération de Recherche BioSit de Rennes UMS 3480, 35043 Rennes, France.
Michel
M
Samson
D003141:Communicable Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D059951:HLA-G Antigens / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D056747:Immunomodulation / Q000235:genetics
D059951:HLA-G Antigens