Luminescent ruthenium complexes for theranostic applications.
The water-soluble and visible luminescent complexes cis-[Ru(L-L)2(L)2](2+) where L-L = 2,2-bipyridine and 1,10-phenanthroline and L= imidazole, 1-methylimidazole, and histamine have been synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic techniques. Spectroscopic (circular dichroism, saturation transfer difference NMR, and diffusion ordered spectroscopy NMR) and isothermal titration calorimetry studies indicate binding of cis-[Ru(phen)2(ImH)2](2+) and human serum albumin occurs via noncovalent interactions with K(b) = 9.8 × 10(4) mol(-1) L, ΔH = -11.5 ± 0.1 kcal mol(-1), and TΔS = -4.46 ± 0.3 kcal mol(-1). High uptake of the complex into HCT116 cells was detected by luminescent confocal microscopy. Cytotoxicity of cis-[Ru(phen)2(ImH)2](2+) against proliferation of HCT116p53(+/+) and HCT116p53(-/-) shows IC50 values of 0.1 and 0.7 μmol L(-1). Flow cytometry and western blot indicate RuphenImH mediates cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase in both cells and is more prominent in p53(+/+). The complex activates proapoptotic PARP in p53(-/-), but not in p53(+/+). A cytostatic mechanism based on quantification of the number of cells during the time period of incubation is suggested.
Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos , São Carlos, São Paulo CP 676, 13565-905, Brazil.
Carolina R
CR
Cardoso
Márcia V S
MV
Lima
Juliana
J
Cheleski
Erica J
EJ
Peterson
Tiago
T
Venâncio
Nicholas P
NP
Farrell
Rose M
RM
Carlos
D015082:2,2'-Dipyridyl / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D059447:Cell Cycle Checkpoints / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D056831:Coordination Complexes / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D006632:Histamine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology; D049408:Luminescent Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010618:Phenanthrolines / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D012428:Ruthenium; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000378:metabolism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D056831:Coordination Complexes; D007093:Imidazoles; D049408:Luminescent Agents; D010618:Phenanthrolines; D012709:Serum Albumin; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D015082:2,2'-Dipyridyl; D012428:Ruthenium; D006632:Histamine; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; D053148:Caspase 3