Survey of ochratoxin A in freshly harvested durum and hard red spring wheat in the United States, 2011 and 2012.
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a toxin produced by some Penicillium and Aspergillus species around the world in a variety of food and feed, especially cereal grains, before harvest but primarily during storage. Durum and hard red spring (HRS) wheat samples were collected right after harvest as part of the U. S. regional crop quality survey in both 2011 (n = 560) and 2012 (n = 654) from the upper Great Plains. All samples were analyzed for OTA contamination using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Overall, 2.1% of the samples were positive for OTA. In 2011, OTA was detected in 1.0% of the durum wheat samples but was not found in HRS wheat. In 2012, 8.3 and 1.4% of the durum and HRS wheat samples, respectively, were positive for OTA. Of the 25 samples that had detectable OTA, 3 samples (12%), all of which were durum wheat, had OTA that exceeded 5 ng/g.
Great Plains Institute of Food Safety, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, USA.
Julie A
JA
Kuruc
Great Plains Institute of Food Safety, Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, USA.
Frank
F
Manthey
Great Plains Institute of Food Safety, Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, USA.
Senay
S
Simsek
Great Plains Institute of Food Safety, Department of Veterinary and Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, USA. charlene.hall@ndsu.edu.
Charlene
C
Wolf-Hall
D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000032:analysis*; D009793:Ochratoxins / Q000032:analysis*; D012621:Seasons; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development; D014481:United States
D009183:Mycotoxins; D009793:Ochratoxins; C025589:ochratoxin A