Vascular endothelial cadherin and vascular endothelial growth factor in periodontitis and smoking.
OBJECTIVE
This study investigated the vascularization in periodontal disease process via revealing: (i) vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) productions in periodontitis and (ii) the impact of smoking on this phenomenon.


METHODS
Fifteen smokers and 15 non-smokers with/without periodontitis were allocated by split-mouth randomization regarding their smoking and periodontal statuses. The teeth with periodontitis in smokers (group 1), without periodontitis in smokers (group 2), with periodontitis in non-smokers (group 3), and without periodontitis in non-smokers (group 4) constituted the study groups. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of VE-cadherin and VEGF were determined by ELISA to evaluate their profiles in the groups.


RESULTS
There were increased VE-cadherin levels in groups 1 and 3 compared with groups 2 and 4 (P < 0.05). Group 2 demonstrated higher VE-cadherin level than group 4 (P < 0.05). Increased VEGF was noted in groups 1 and 3 compared with groups 2 and 4 (P < 0.05) with similar levels between groups 1 and 3 and groups 2 and 4 (P > 0.05). There were no correlations between the VE-cadherin and VEGF levels in all groups (P > 0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
The results suggest that VE-cadherin and VEGF may increase in periodontitis, and smoking may uniquely cause VE-cadherin production in GCF.
Department of Periodontology, Dental Faculty, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey.
E E
EE
Sakallioğlu
U
U
Sakallioğlu
M
M
Lütfioğlu
F
F
Pamuk
A
A
Kantarci
D000328:Adult; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015820:Cadherins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000378:metabolism*; D010519:Periodontium / Q000473:pathology; D011897:Random Allocation; D012907:Smoking / Q000378:metabolism*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D000099152:Cadherin 5
D015703:Antigens, CD; D015820:Cadherins; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D000099152:Cadherin 5; C467484:VEGFA protein, human
VE-cadherin; VEGF; gingival crevicular fluid; periodontitis; smoking