Development of a standardized pulse-controlled ergometry test for diagnosing and investigating cholinergic urticaria.
BACKGROUND
Cholinergic urticaria (CholU) is a common condition in which active or passive warming leads to development of pinpoint wheals, flares and itch.


OBJECTIVE
To develop a standardized protocol for diagnosing CholU and measuring trigger thresholds, independent of patients' fitness levels.


METHODS
Ten CholU patients and matched healthy controls underwent pulse-controlled incremental ergometry for 30 min (stationary bicycle) increasing their pulse rate by 15 beats every 5 min. Non-invasive, heat-flux double-sensor and conventional electronic thermometers measured core and skin surface temperatures from which mean body temperature (MBT) was calculated. The time of onset of sweating (starch-iodine test) and symptoms (whealing) were recorded.


RESULTS
All individuals completed the ergometry protocol without difficulty. All CholU patients but no controls developed wheals. The time to whealing correlated inversely with disease severity. In four patients MBT increased <0.5°C and in two whealing occurred at a temperature lower than at the start of exercise. Onset of symptoms correlated with the time of sweating.


CONCLUSIONS
Pulse-controlled ergometry is sensitive and specific for diagnosing CholU and investigating trigger thresholds and disease mechanisms. Our results refute the hypothesis that a rise in MBT is the critical trigger for CholU while sweating appears to have the central role.
Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Allergie-Centrum-Charité, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Sabine
S
Altrichter
Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Allergie-Centrum-Charité, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Julia
J
Salow
Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Allergie-Centrum-Charité, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Elena
E
Ardelean
Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Allergie-Centrum-Charité, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: mkc@soton.ac.uk.
Martin K
MK
Church
Department for Physiology, Center of Space Medicine, CharitéCrossOver CCO, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.
Andreas
A
Werner
Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Allergie-Centrum-Charité, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Marcus
M
Maurer
D000328:Adult; D001642:Bicycling / Q000592:standards*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012867:Skin / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012881:Skin Temperature; D013546:Sweating; D013817:Thermography / Q000295:instrumentation; D013997:Time Factors; D014159:Transducers; D014581:Urticaria / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D055815:Young Adult
Cholinergic urticaria; Diagnosis; Ergometry; Temperature