Patterns of geographic mobility predict barriers to engagement in HIV care and antiretroviral treatment adherence.
Migration and geographic mobility increase risk for HIV infection and may influence engagement in HIV care and adherence to antiretroviral therapy. Our goal is to use the migration-linked communities of Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, and New York City, New York, to determine the impact of geographic mobility on HIV care engagement and adherence to treatment. In-depth interviews were conducted with HIV+Dominicans receiving antiretroviral therapy, reporting travel or migration in the past 6 months and key informants (n=45). Mobility maps, visual representations of individual migration histories, including lifetime residence(s) and all trips over the past 2 years, were generated for all HIV+ Dominicans. Data from interviews and field observation were iteratively reviewed for themes. Mobility mapping revealed five distinct mobility patterns: travel for care, work-related travel, transnational travel (nuclear family at both sites), frequent long-stay travel, and vacation. Mobility patterns, including distance, duration, and complexity, varied by motivation for travel. There were two dominant barriers to care. First, a fear of HIV-related stigma at the destination led to delays seeking care and poor adherence. Second, longer trips led to treatment interruptions due to limited medication supply (30-day maximum dictated by programs or insurers). There was a notable discordance between what patients and providers perceived as mobility-induced barriers to care and the most common barriers found in the analysis. Interventions to improve HIV care for mobile populations should consider motivation for travel and address structural barriers to engagement in care and adherence.
Department of Medicine/Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio (UTHSCSA) , San Antonio, Texas.
Barbara S
BS
Taylor
Emily
E
Reyes
Elizabeth A
EA
Levine
Shah Z
SZ
Khan
L Sergio
LS
Garduño
Yeycy
Y
Donastorg
Scott M
SM
Hammer
Karen
K
Brudney
Jennifer S
JS
Hirsch
D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004293:Dominican Republic / Q000208:ethnology; D004641:Emigration and Immigration; D005239:Fear; D005843:Geography; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000635:transmission; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D055118:Medication Adherence; D008875:Middle Aged; D009518:New York / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012307:Risk Factors; D057545:Social Stigma; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014195:Travel
D019380:Anti-HIV Agents