Prospective Study of Serum 25-hydroxy Vitamin D and Tooth Loss.
Vitamin D deficiency and oral diseases (periodontitis, caries, and tooth loss) are highly prevalent in Germany. Previous studies suggested that vitamin D might be a modifiable and protective factor for periodontitis, caries, and tooth loss. However, prospective studies investigating such associations are limited. We explored the association between the concentration of serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25OHD) and incidence of tooth loss, progression of clinical attachment loss (CAL) ≥ 3 mm, and progression of restorative and caries status in a population-based longitudinal study. We analyzed data from 1,904 participants from the Study of Health in Pomerania with a five-year follow-up. Generalized estimating equation models were applied to evaluate tooth-specific associations between serum 25OHD and incidence of tooth loss, progression of CAL ≥ 3 mm, and progression of restorative and caries status. Age, sex, education, smoking status, alcohol drinking, waist circumference, dental visit frequency, reasons of dental visit, vitamin D or calcium supplements, and season of blood draw were considered as confounders. Serum 25OHD was inversely associated with incidence of tooth loss. A significant dose-response relationship (p = .0022) was observed across the quintiles of serum 25OHD. After adjusting for multiple confounders, each 10-µg/L increase of serum 25OHD was associated with a 13% decreased risk of tooth loss (risk ratio: 0.87; 95% confidence interval: 0.79, 0.96). The association was attenuated for changes of CAL ≥ 3 mm when adjusting for multiple confounders. No significant association was found between serum 25OHD and caries progression. Vitamin D might be a protective factor for tooth loss. The effect might partially be mediated by its effect on periodontitis.
Unit of Periodontology, University Medicine, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
Y
Y
Zhan
Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Gerodontology, and Biomaterials, Center of Oral Health, University Medicine, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
S
S
Samietz
Unit of Periodontology, University Medicine, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
B
B
Holtfreter
Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
A
A
Hannemann
Unit of Periodontology, University Medicine, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
P
P
Meisel
Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
M
M
Nauck
Institute of Community Medicine, University Medicine, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
H
H
Völzke
Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
H
H
Wallaschofski
Department of Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
T
T
Dietrich
Unit of Periodontology, University Medicine, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany kocher@uni-greifswald.de.
T
T
Kocher
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology; D004245:DMF Index; D003729:Dental Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D018450:Disease Progression; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D016388:Tooth Loss / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D055105:Waist Circumference
D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D
Study of Health in Pomerania; caries; clinical attachments loss; cohort study; periodontitis; probing depth