Arterial Stiffness: A Nexus between Cardiac and Renal Disease.
Vascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the Western world, and vascular function is determined by structural and functional properties of the arterial vascular wall. Cardiorenal metabolic syndrome such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, kidney disease, and aging are conditions that predispose to arterial stiffening, which is a pathological alteration of the vascular wall and ultimately results in target organ damage in heart and kidney. In this review, we provide new insights on the interactions between arterial stiffness, vascular resistance and pulse wave velocity as well as final end-organ damage in heart and kidney. Better understanding of the mechanisms of arterial functional and hemodynamic alteration may help in developing more refined therapeutic strategies aimed to reduce cardiovascular and chronic kidney diseases.
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Mo., USA ; Diabetes Cardiovascular Center, Mo., USA ; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Mo., USA.
Guanghong
G
Jia
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Mo., USA ; Diabetes Cardiovascular Center, Mo., USA ; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Mo., USA.
Annayya R
AR
Aroor
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Mo., USA ; Diabetes Cardiovascular Center, Mo., USA ; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, Mo., USA ; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Mo., USA.
James R
JR
Sowers
Arterial stiffness; Cardiorenal metabolic syndrome; Endothelial cells; Estrogen; Vascular smooth muscle cells