Mixed culture of Kluyveromyces marxianus and Candida krusei for single-cell protein production and organic load removal from whey.
The study was conducted to evaluate the potential of mixed culture of Kluyveromyces marxianus and Candida krusei to enhance COD removal efficiency, minimize contamination at extreme conditions (high temperature 40°C and low pH 3.5) during batch and continuous aerobic fermentation and to obtain improved quality single-cell protein (SCP) using whey as substrate. The batch fermentation of mono-culture and mixed culture result showed that the mixed culture resulted in 8.8% higher COD removal efficacy with 19% higher biomass yield and 33% increased productivity. The maximum COD removal 80.2% (including residual protein) was obtained at 24h HRT with biomass productivity of 0.17 g/L/h; however, maximum biomass productivity of 0.38 g/L/h and 34% COD removal were obtained at 6h HRT. The results showed that the mixed culture of acid resistance and thermo-tolerant yeasts was a potential way to produce SCP (animal feed) and simultaneous COD removal under extreme operating conditions.
Université du Québec, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Eau, Terre & Environnement, 490 de la Couronne, Québec (QC) G1K 9A9, Canada.
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Yadav
Université du Québec, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Eau, Terre & Environnement, 490 de la Couronne, Québec (QC) G1K 9A9, Canada.
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Bezawada
Université du Québec, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Eau, Terre & Environnement, 490 de la Couronne, Québec (QC) G1K 9A9, Canada.
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Ajila
Université du Québec, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Eau, Terre & Environnement, 490 de la Couronne, Québec (QC) G1K 9A9, Canada.
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Yan
Université du Québec, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Eau, Terre & Environnement, 490 de la Couronne, Québec (QC) G1K 9A9, Canada. Electronic address: tyagi@ete.inrs.ca.
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Tyagi
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, N104 SEC, P.O. Box 886105, Lincoln, NE 68588-6105, USA.
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Surampalli
D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis; D061249:Batch Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D057919:Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; D018533:Biomass; D002175:Candida / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D011232:Chemical Precipitation; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005285:Fermentation; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007716:Kluyveromyces / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D007785:Lactose / Q000378:metabolism; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D000067816:Whey Proteins
D000596:Amino Acids; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D008894:Milk Proteins; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D000067816:Whey Proteins; C012551:single cell proteins; D007785:Lactose
Candida krusei; Cheese whey; Continuous fermentation; Kluyveromyces marxianus; Mixed culture