Mobility and bioavailability reduction of soil TNT via sorption enhancement using monopotassium phosphate.
In this study, the effect of monopotassium phosphate (MKP) on the reduction in mobility and bioavailability of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) was tested. In the test soil, collected from an active firing range, of which cation binding sites were mostly exchanged with H(+) or Al(3+), potassium ions in MKP exchanged the existing cations and hence significantly increased TNT sorption. In addition, a competitive sorption experiment with hexafluorobenzene and 2,4-dinitrotoluene suggests that TNT was specifically sorbed through cation-polar interaction in the test soil. The unit-equivalent Freundlich sorption coefficient of TNT in MKP-amended soil (1370.96 mg-TNT/kg-soil) was about 13 times higher than that in untreated soil (106.23 mg-TNT/kg-soil). Finally, modified synthetic precipitation leaching procedure and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin extraction result revealed that MKP application could reduce both the leachability and bioavailability of soil TNT. The leachable and extractable fraction of TNT in untreated soil were 87.63% and 94.47% of the initial TNT, respectively, whereas these fractions decreased to 49.15% and 54.85% of the initial TNT in the presence of MKP, respectively. MKP application can be a benign technology which can reduce both mobility and bioavailability of TNT in soil.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
Jae-Woong
JW
Jung
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: kpnam@snu.ac.kr.
Kyoungphile
K
Nam
D000073738:2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin; D000327:Adsorption; D002118:Calcium / Q000737:chemistry; D004136:Dinitrobenzenes / Q000737:chemistry; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000737:chemistry; D010710:Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry; D017680:Potassium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D014303:Trinitrotoluene / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins / Q000737:chemistry
D004136:Dinitrobenzenes; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D010710:Phosphates; D017680:Potassium Compounds; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins; D014303:Trinitrotoluene; D000073738:2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin; C016403:2,4-dinitrotoluene; C013216:potassium phosphate; C003005:hexafluorobenzene; D002118:Calcium
Firing range; Mobility control; Monopotassium phosphate; Sorption; TNT