Extending the Schizosaccharomyces pombe molecular genetic toolbox.
Targeted alteration of the genome lies at the heart of the exploitation of S. pombe as a model system. The rate of analysis is often determined by the efficiency with which a target locus can be manipulated. For most loci this is not a problem, however for some loci, such as fin1+, rates of gene targeting below 5% can limit the scope and scale of manipulations that are feasible within a reasonable time frame. We now describe a simple modification of transformation procedure for directing integration of genomic sequences that leads to a 5-fold increase in the transformation efficiency when antibiotic based dominant selection markers are used. We also show that removal of the pku70+ and pku80+ genes, which encode DNA end binding proteins required for the non-homologous end joining DNA repair pathway, increases the efficiency of gene targeting at fin1+ to around 75-80% (a 16-fold increase). We describe how a natMX6/rpl42+ cassette can be used for positive and negative selection for integration at a targeted locus. To facilitate the evaluation of the impact of a series of mutations on the function of a gene of interest we have generated three vector series that rely upon different selectable markers to direct the expression of tagged/untagged molecules from distinct genomic integration sites. pINTL and pINTK vectors use ura4+ selection to direct disruptive integration of leu1+ and lys1+ respectively, while pINTH vectors exploit nourseothricin resistance to detect the targeted disruption of a hygromycin B resistance conferring hphMX6 cassette that has been integrated on chromosome III. Finally, we have generated a series of multi-copy expression vectors that use resistance to nourseothricin or kanamycin/G418 to select for propagation in prototrophic hosts. Collectively these protocol modifications and vectors extend the versatility of this key model system.
Cell Division Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
Dorota
D
Fennessy
Cell Division Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
Agnes
A
Grallert
Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Andrea
A
Krapp
Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Adisa
A
Cokoja
Cell Division Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
Alan J
AJ
Bridge
Cell Division Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
Janni
J
Petersen
Cell Division Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
Avinash
A
Patel
Cell Division Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
Victor A
VA
Tallada
Cell Division Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
Elvan
E
Boke
Cell Division Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
Ben
B
Hodgson
Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Viesturs
V
Simanis
Cell Division Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
Iain M
IM
Hagan
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D005818:Genetic Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000235:genetics; D016680:Genome, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D012568:Schizosaccharomyces / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D013309:Streptothricins / Q000494:pharmacology; D014170:Transformation, Genetic
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D013309:Streptothricins