Loss of the tyrosine phosphatase PTPRD leads to aberrant STAT3 activation and promotes gliomagenesis.
PTPRD, which encodes the protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor-δ, is one of the most frequently inactivated genes across human cancers, including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). PTPRD undergoes both deletion and mutation in cancers, with copy number loss comprising the primary mode of inactivation in GBM. However, it is unknown whether loss of PTPRD promotes tumorigenesis in vivo, and the mechanistic basis of PTPRD function in tumors is unclear. Here, using genomic analysis and a glioma mouse model, we demonstrate that loss of Ptprd accelerates tumor formation and define the oncogenic context in which Ptprd loss acts. Specifically, we show that in human GBMs, heterozygous loss of PTPRD is the predominant type of lesion and that loss of PTPRD and the CDKN2A/p16(INK4A) tumor suppressor frequently co-occur. Accordingly, heterozygous loss of Ptprd cooperates with p16 deletion to drive gliomagenesis in mice. Moreover, loss of the Ptprd phosphatase resulted in phospho-Stat3 accumulation and constitutive activation of Stat3-driven genetic programs. Surprisingly, the consequences of Ptprd loss are maximal in the heterozygous state, demonstrating a tight dependence on gene dosage. Ptprd loss did not increase cell proliferation but rather altered pathways governing the macrophage response. In total, we reveal that PTPRD is a bona fide tumor suppressor, pinpoint PTPRD loss as a cause of aberrant STAT3 activation in gliomas, and establish PTPRD loss, in the setting of CDKN2A/p16(INK4A) deletion, as a driver of glioma progression.
Gerstner Sloan-Kettering Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065;Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program.
Berenice
B
Ortiz
Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program.
Armida W M
AW
Fabius
Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program.
Wei H
WH
Wu
Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program.
Alicia
A
Pedraza
Department of Neurosurgery.
Cameron W
CW
Brennan
Department of Computational Biology.
Nikolaus
N
Schultz
Tri-Institutional MD/PhD Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065;
Kenneth L
KL
Pitter
Department of Medicine.
Jacqueline F
JF
Bromberg
Department of Pathology, and.
Jason T
JT
Huse
Division of Human Biology and Solid Tumor Translational Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109; andDepartment of Neurosurgery and Alvord Brain Tumor Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195.
Eric C
EC
Holland
Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program,Department of Radiation Oncology, chant@mskcc.org.
Timothy A
TA
Chan
D000818:Animals; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D063646:Carcinogenesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002645:Chickens; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 / Q000235:genetics; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000502:physiology; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor / Q000502:physiology; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D054623:Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment / Q000276:immunology
C417743:Cdkn2a protein, mouse; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; C494086:STAT3 protein, human; C494087:Stat3 protein, mouse; C090899:PTPRD protein, human; C490395:Ptprd protein, mouse; D054623:Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 2