ATP-binding cassette transporter A1: from metabolism to neurodegeneration.
ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) mediates cholesterol efflux to lipid-free apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) and apolipoprotein E (apoE). ABCA1 is an essential regulator of high density lipoproteins (HDL) and reverse cholesterol transport - a role that determines its importance for atherosclerosis. Over the last 10 years studies have provided convincing evidence that ABCA1, via its control of apoE lipidation, also has a role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). A series of reports have revealed a significant impact of ABCA1 on Aβ deposition and clearance in AD model mice, as well as an association of common and rare ABCA1 gene variants with the risk for AD. Since APOE is the major genetic risk factor for late onset AD, the regulation of apoE level or its functionality by ABCA1 may prove significant for AD pathogenesis. ABCA1 is transcriptionally regulated by Liver X Receptors (LXR) and Retinoic X Receptors (RXR) which provides a starting point for drug discovery and development of synthetic LXR and RXR agonists for treatment of metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders. This review summarizes the recent results of research on ABCA1, particularly relevant to atherosclerosis and AD.
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA. Electronic address: radak@pitt.edu.
Radosveta
R
Koldamova
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
Nicholas F
NF
Fitz
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA. Electronic address: iliyal@pitt.edu.
Iliya
I
Lefterov
D064286:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000378:metabolism*; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D012307:Risk Factors; D013631:Tangier Disease / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
C577836:ABCA1 protein, human; D064286:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D001057:Apolipoproteins E
Abca1; Alzheimer's disease; Amyloid beta; Cardiovascular disease; HDL; LXR; RXR; apoA-I; apoE