In vitro and in vivo leishmanicidal activity of Astronium fraxinifolium (Schott) and Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng against Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis.
The aim of the present work was to evaluate antileishmanial activity of Astronium fraxinifolium and Plectranthus amboinicus. For the in vitro tests, essential oil of P. amboinicus (OEPA) and ethanolic extracts from A. fraxinifolium (EEAF) were incubated with 10(6) promastigotes of L. (Viannia) braziliensis. The OEPA was able to reduce the parasite growth after 48 h; nonetheless, all the EEAFs could totally abolish the parasite growth. For the in vivo studies, BALB/c mice were infected subcutaneously (s.c.) with 10(7) L. braziliensis promastigotes. Treatment was done by administering OEPA intralesionally (i.l.) for 14 days. No difference was found in lesion thickness when those animals were compared with the untreated animals. Further, golden hamsters were infected s.c. with 10(6) L. braziliensis promastigotes. The first protocol of treatment consisted of ethanolic leaf extract from A. fraxinifolium (ELEAF) administered i.l. for 4 days and a booster dose at the 7th day. The animals showed a significant reduction of lesion thickness in the 6th week, but it was not comparable to the animals treated with Glucantime. The second protocol consisted of 15 daily intralesional injections. The profiles of lesion thickness were similar to the standard treatment. In conclusion, in vivo studies showed a high efficacy when the infected animals were intralesionally treated with leaf ethanolic extract from A. fraxinifolium.
Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Rua Capitão Francisco Pedro 1210, 60430-370 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
Silvio César Gomes
SC
de Lima
Departamento de Patologia e Medicina Legal, Faculdade de Medicina, UFC, Rua Monsenhor Furtado S/N, 60430-350 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
Maria Jania
MJ
Teixeira
Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Rua Capitão Francisco Pedro 1210, 60430-370 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
José Evaldo Gonçalves
JE
Lopes
Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Avenida Paranjana 1700, 60000-001 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
Selene Maia
SM
de Morais
Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Rua Capitão Francisco Pedro 1210, 60430-370 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
Alba Fabiola
AF
Torres
Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Rua Capitão Francisco Pedro 1210, 60430-370 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
Milena Aguiar
MA
Braga
Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Rua Capitão Francisco Pedro 1210, 60430-370 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
Raphael Oliveira
RO
Rodrigues
Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Farmácia, UFC, Rua Capitão Francisco Pedro 1210, 60430-370 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
Gilvandete Maria Pinheiro
GM
Santiago
Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Rua Capitão Francisco Pedro 1210, 60430-370 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
Alice Costa
AC
Martins
Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Rua Capitão Francisco Pedro 1210, 60430-370 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
Aparecida Tiemi
AT
Nagao-Dias
D027926:Anacardiaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D006224:Cricetinae; D007892:Leishmania braziliensis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D008018:Life Cycle Stages / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000494:pharmacology; D021261:Parasitic Sensitivity Tests; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D031346:Plectranthus / Q000737:chemistry*
D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010936:Plant Extracts