Labeling of neuronal differentiation and neuron cells with biocompatible fluorescent nanodiamonds.
Nanodiamond is a promising carbon nanomaterial developed for biomedical applications. Here, we show fluorescent nanodiamond (FND) with the biocompatible properties that can be used for the labeling and tracking of neuronal differentiation and neuron cells derived from embryonal carcinoma stem (ECS) cells. The fluorescence intensities of FNDs were increased by treatment with FNDs in both the mouse P19 and human NT2/D1 ECS cells. FNDs were taken into ECS cells; however, FNDs did not alter the cellular morphology and growth ability. Moreover, FNDs did not change the protein expression of stem cell marker SSEA-1 of ECS cells. The neuronal differentiation of ECS cells could be induced by retinoic acid (RA). Interestingly, FNDs did not affect on the morphological alteration, cytotoxicity and apoptosis during the neuronal differentiation. Besides, FNDs did not alter the cell viability and the expression of neuron-specific marker β-III-tubulin in these differentiated neuron cells. The existence of FNDs in the neuron cells can be identified by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. Together, FND is a biocompatible and readily detectable nanomaterial for the labeling and tracking of neuronal differentiation process and neuron cells from stem cells.
Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan.
Tzu-Chia
TC
Hsu
Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan.
Kuang-Kai
KK
Liu
Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
Huan-Cheng
HC
Chang
1] Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan [2] Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan [3] Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan.
Eric
E
Hwang
1] Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan [2] Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan.
Jui-I
JI
Chao
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D005453:Fluorescence; D006801:Humans; D016256:Lewis X Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D058612:Nanodiamonds / Q000737:chemistry*; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology*; D039904:Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000378:metabolism; D014404:Tubulin / Q000378:metabolism
D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D015415:Biomarkers; D016256:Lewis X Antigen; D058612:Nanodiamonds; D014404:Tubulin; D014212:Tretinoin