Long-term cortisol levels measured in scalp hair of obese patients.
OBJECTIVE
In obese subjects a relatively high cortisol output in urine has been observed compared to nonobese individuals. However, cortisol levels in blood, saliva, and urine in association with obesity have been inconsistent across studies, possibly due to the high variability of systemic cortisol levels. Cortisol levels measured in scalp hair provide a marker for long-term cortisol exposure, and have been associated with cardiovascular disease in an elderly population and to disease course in Cushing's disease. We aimed to compare hair cortisol levels between obese patients and nonobese controls.


METHODS
Hair cortisol levels of 47 obese patients (median BMI 38.8, range 31.1-65.8), 41 overweight, and 87 normal-weight subjects using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were measured.


RESULTS
Obese patients had higher hair cortisol levels than overweight and normal weight subjects (respectively 30.8 vs 8.5 and 8.4 pg/mg hair, P < 0.001). No significant difference in hair cortisol levels was found between normal weight and overweight subjects.


CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggest a higher long-term cortisol exposure in obese patients, which may contribute to cardiovascular disease risk. Future research will determine whether long-term cortisol levels provide a novel treatment target in the management of cardiovascular disease risk in obesity.
Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Obesity Center CGG, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam and Sint Franciscus Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Vincent L
VL
Wester
Sabine M
SM
Staufenbiel
Margriet A B
MA
Veldhorst
Jenny A
JA
Visser
Laura
L
Manenschijn
Jan W
JW
Koper
Francoise J M
FJ
Klessens-Godfroy
Erica L T
EL
van den Akker
Elisabeth F C
EF
van Rossum
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006197:Hair / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism*; D012535:Scalp; D013997:Time Factors
D015415:Biomarkers; D006854:Hydrocortisone