Prognostic value of acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery according to kidney disease: improving global outcomes definition and staging (KDIGO) criteria.
OBJECTIVE
The definition of acute renal failure has been recently reviewed, and the term acute kidney injury (AKI) was proposed to cover the entire spectrum of the syndrome, ranging from small changes in renal function markers to dialysis needs. This study was aimed to evaluate the incidence, morbidity and mortality associated with AKI (based on KDIGO criteria) in patients after cardiac surgery (coronary artery bypass grafting or cardiac valve surgery) and to determine the value of this feature as a predictor of hospital mortality (30 days).


METHODS
From January 2003 to June 2013, a total of 2,804 patients underwent cardiac surgery in our service. Cox proportional hazard models were used to determine the association between the development of AKI and 30-day mortality.


RESULTS
A total of 1,175 (42%) patients met the diagnostic criteria for AKI based on KDIGO classification during the first 7 postoperative days: 978 (35%) patients met the diagnostic criteria for stage 1 while 100 (4%) patients met the diagnostic criteria for stage 2 and 97 (3%) patients met the diagnostic criteria for stage 3. A total of 63 (2%) patients required dialysis treatment. Overall, the 30-day mortality was 7.1% (2.2%) for patients without AKI and 8.2%, 31% and 55% for patients with AKI at stages 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The KDIGO stage 3 patients who did not require dialysis had a mortality rate of 41%, while the mortality of dialysis patients was 62%. The adjusted Cox regression analysis revealed that AKI based on KDIGO criteria (stages 1-3) was an independent predictor of 30-day mortality (P<0.001 for all. Hazard ratio = 3.35, 11.94 and 24.85).


CONCLUSIONS
In the population evaluated in the present study, even slight changes in the renal function based on KDIGO criteria were considered as independent predictors of 30-day mortality after cardiac surgery.
Division of Cardiac Surgery Intensive Care Unit and Coronary Care Unit, Hospital de Base, São José do Rio Preto Medical School, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
Maurício N
MN
Machado
Division of Cardiac Surgery Intensive Care Unit and Coronary Care Unit, Hospital de Base, São José do Rio Preto Medical School, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Division of Centro Integrado de Pesquisa (CIP), Hospital de Base, São José do Rio Preto Medical School, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
Marcelo A
MA
Nakazone
Division of Centro Integrado de Pesquisa (CIP), Hospital de Base, São José do Rio Preto Medical School, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
Lilia N
LN
Maia
D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000368:Aged; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006351:Heart Valves / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*