Functional annotation of proteomic data from chicken heterophils and macrophages induced by carbon nanotube exposure.
With the expanding applications of carbon nanotubes (CNT) in biomedicine and agriculture, questions about the toxicity and biocompatibility of CNT in humans and domestic animals are becoming matters of serious concern. This study used proteomic methods to profile gene expression in chicken macrophages and heterophils in response to CNT exposure. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis identified 12 proteins in macrophages and 15 in heterophils, with differential expression patterns in response to CNT co-incubation (0, 1, 10, and 100 µg/mL of CNT for 6 h) (p < 0.05). Gene ontology analysis showed that most of the differentially expressed proteins are associated with protein interactions, cellular metabolic processes, and cell mobility, suggesting activation of innate immune functions. Western blot analysis with heat shock protein 70, high mobility group protein, and peptidylprolyl isomerase A confirmed the alterations of the profiled proteins. The functional annotations were further confirmed by effective cell migration, promoted interleukin-1β secretion, and more cell death in both macrophages and heterophils exposed to CNT (p < 0.05). In conclusion, results of this study suggest that CNT exposure affects protein expression, leading to activation of macrophages and heterophils, resulting in altered cytoskeleton remodeling, cell migration, and cytokine production, and thereby mediates tissue immune responses.
Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan. joezxcvb2000@yahoo.com.tw.
Yun-Ze
YZ
Li
Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan. terry80149@hotmail.com.
Chung-Shi
CS
Cheng
Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan. cjchen@mail.cmu.edu.tw.
Chao-Jung
CJ
Chen
Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan. zl3350103@yahoo.com.tw.
Zi-Lin
ZL
Li
Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan. yaotung@nchu.edu.tw.
Yao-Tung
YT
Lin
Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan. shueneic@dragon.nchu.edu.tw.
Shuen-Ei
SE
Chen
Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan. syhuang@dragon.nchu.edu.tw.
San-Yuan
SY
Huang
D000818:Animals; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002645:Chickens; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D063990:Gene Ontology; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000032:analysis; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000633:toxicity*; D040901:Proteomics
D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon