Feasibility of a combined aerobic and strength training program and its effects on cognitive and physical function in institutionalized dementia patients. A pilot study.
OBJECTIVE
We examined the feasibility of a combined aerobic and strength training program in institutionalized dementia patients and studied the effects on cognitive and physical function.


METHODS
Thirty-three patients with dementia, recruited from one nursing home, participated in this non-randomized pilot study (25 women; age = 85.2±4.9 years; Mini Mental State Examination = 16.8±4.0). In phase 1 of the study, seventeen patients in the Exercise group (EG) received a combined aerobic and strength training program for six weeks, five times per week, 30 minutes per session, in an individually supervised format and successfully concluded the pre and posttests. In phase 2 of the study, sixteen patients in the Social group (SG) received social visits at the same frequency, duration, and format and successfully concluded the pre and posttests.


RESULTS
Indices of feasibility showed that the recruitment and adherence rate, respectively were 46.2% and 86.3%. All EG patients completed the exercise program according to protocol without adverse events. After the six-week program, no significant differences on cognitive function tests were found between the EG and SG. There was a moderate effect size in favor for the EG for the Visual Memory Span Forward; a visual attention test. There were significant differences between groups in favor for the EG with moderate to large effects for the physical tests Walking Speed (p = .003), Six-Minute Walk Test (p = .031), and isometric quadriceps strength (p = .012).


CONCLUSIONS
The present pilot study showed that it is feasible to conduct a combined aerobic and strength training program in institutionalized patients with dementia. The selective cognitive visual attention improvements and more robust changes in motor function in favor of EG vs. SG could serve as a basis for large randomized clinical trials.


BACKGROUND
trialregister.nl 1230.
University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Human Movement Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Willem J R
WJ
Bossers
University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Human Movement Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands; VU University, Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Erik J A
EJ
Scherder
University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of General Practice, Elderly Care Medicine, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Froukje
F
Boersma
University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Human Movement Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Tibor
T
Hortobágyi
University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Human Movement Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Rehabilitation, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Lucas H V
LH
van der Woude
University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Human Movement Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Marieke J G
MJ
van Heuvelen
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003704:Dementia / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009735:Nursing Homes; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010865:Pilot Projects; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000379:methods*