Short-term effects of non-surgical periodontal treatment on the gingival crevicular fluid cytokine profiles in sites with induced periodontal defects: a study on dogs with and without streptozotocin-induced diabetes.
BACKGROUND
The aim of this study is to assess the short-term effects of non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) on the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) cytokine profile in sites with standardized periodontal bony defects in beagle dogs with and without diabetes.


METHODS
Four beagle dogs with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes and four healthy dogs were included. Fasting blood glucose levels were measured using a glucometer. In all animals, a 3-walled bony defect was created on the mesial surface of the second premolar and first molar in all quadrants. After 12 weeks, all animals underwent weekly NSPT for 3 weeks. Baseline and post-NSPT GCF samples were collected, and levels of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical analyses were performed using a software program, and P values <0.05 were considered statistically significant.


RESULTS
Mean fasting blood glucose levels were significantly higher in dogs with induced diabetes than those without diabetes (P <0.01). At baseline, mean IL-6 (P <0.01) and IL-8 (P <0.05) levels were higher in dogs with diabetes than those without diabetes. A significant reduction in levels of IL-1, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α was noted in dogs without diabetes 1 week after NSPT. However, this significant reduction (P <0.05) only appeared 2 weeks after NSPT in dogs with diabetes.


CONCLUSIONS
NSPT reduces GCF levels of proinflammatory cytokines in dogs with and without STZ-induced diabetes; however, chronic hyperglycemia seems to retard the effect of NSPT on GCF cytokine concentration.
Engineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Growth Factors and Bone Regeneration, 3D Imaging and Biomechanical Laboratory, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Fawad
F
Javed
Nasser M
NM
Al-Daghri
Hom-Lay
HL
Wang
Cun Yu
CY
Wang
Khalid
K
Al-Hezaimi
D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis*; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000276:immunology*; D004285:Dogs; D005215:Fasting; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000276:immunology; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000032:analysis; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000032:analysis; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D057747:Periodontal Debridement / Q000379:methods*; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy; D013311:Streptozocin; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis
D001786:Blood Glucose; D016207:Cytokines; D007375:Interleukin-1; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D013311:Streptozocin
Alveolar bone loss; cytokines; diabetes mellitus; periodontal debridement