Chemical-catalytic approaches to the production of furfurals and levulinates from biomass.
The synthesis and chemistry of 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF), 5-(chloromethyl)furfural (CMF), and levulinic acid (LA), three carbohydrate-derived platform molecules produced by the chemical-catalytic processing of lignocellulosic biomass, is reviewed. Starting from the historical derivation of these molecules and progressing through modern approaches to their production from biomass feedstocks, this review will then survey their principal derivative chemistries, with particular attention to aspects of commercial relevance, and discuss the relative merits of each molecule in the future of biorefining.
Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA, mjmascal@ucdavis.edu.
Mark
M
Mascal
Saikat
S
Dutta
D056804:Biofuels; D018533:Biomass; D002384:Catalysis; D004187:Disaccharides / Q000737:chemistry; D005662:Furaldehyde / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D007982:Levulinic Acids / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D008031:Lignin / Q000737:chemistry; D009005:Monosaccharides / Q000737:chemistry
C545952:5-(chloromethyl)furfural; D056804:Biofuels; D004187:Disaccharides; D007982:Levulinic Acids; D009005:Monosaccharides; C036909:lignocellulose; C008046:5-hydroxymethylfurfural; D008031:Lignin; D005662:Furaldehyde; C032246:levulinic acid