GPER Function in Breast Cancer: An Overview.
The G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor-1 (GPER, formerly known as GPR30) has attracted increasing interest, considering its ability to mediate estrogenic signaling in different cell types, including the hormone-sensitive tumors like breast cancer. As observed for other GPCR-mediated responses, the activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor is a fundamental integration point in the biological action triggered by GPER. A wide number of natural and synthetic compounds, including estrogens and anti-estrogens, elicit stimulatory effects in breast cancer through GPER up-regulation and activation, suggesting that GPER function is associated with breast tumor progression and tamoxifen resistance. GPER has also been proposed as a candidate biomarker in triple-negative breast cancer, opening a novel scenario for a more comprehensive assessment of breast tumor patients.
Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria , Rende , Italy.
Rosamaria
R
Lappano
Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria , Rende , Italy.
Assunta
A
Pisano
Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria , Rende , Italy.
Marcello
M
Maggiolini
GPER; GPR30; breast cancer; estrogen; estrogen receptor