Detergency stability and particle characterization of phosphate-free spray dried detergent powders incorporated with palm C16 methyl ester sulfonate (C16MES).
Phosphate-free spray dried detergent powders (SDDP) comprising binary anionic surfactants of palm C16 methyl ester sulfonate (C16MES) and linear alkyl benzene sulfonic acid (LABSA) were produced using a 5 kg/h-capacity co-current pilot spray dryer (CSD). Six phosphate-free detergent (PFD) formulations comprising C16MES/LABSA in various ratios under pH 7-8 were studied. Three PFD formulations having C16MES/LABSA in respective ratios of 0:100 (control), 20:80 and 40:60 ratios were selected for further evaluation based on their optimum detergent slurry concentrations. The resulting SDDP from these formulations were analysed for its detergency stability (over nine months of storage period) and particle characteristics. C16MES/LABSA of 40:60 ratio was selected as the ideal PFD formulation since its resulting SDDP has consistent detergency stability (variation of 2.3% in detergency/active over nine months storage period), excellent bulk density (0.37 kg/L), fine particle size at 50% cumulative volume percentage (D50 of 60.48 μm), high coefficient of particle size uniformity (D60/D10 of 3.86) and large spread of equivalent particle diameters. In terms of surface morphology, the SDDP of the ideal formulation were found to have regular hollow particles with smooth spherical surfaces. Although SDDP of the ideal formulation have excellent characteristics, but in terms of flowability, these powders were classified as slightly less free flowing (Hausner ratio of 1.27 and Carr's index of 21.3).
Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
Parthiban
P
Siwayanan
Ramlan
R
Aziz
Nooh Abu
NA
Bakar
Hamdan
H
Ya
Ropien
R
Jokiman
Shreeshivadasan
S
Chelliapan
D000476:Alkanesulfonates / Q000737:chemistry*; D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D003902:Detergents / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D004355:Drug Stability; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D010316:Particle Size; D010710:Phosphates; D011208:Powders; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry*
D000476:Alkanesulfonates; D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids; D003902:Detergents; D010710:Phosphates; D011208:Powders; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; C030641:alkylbenzyl sulfonic acid