Effect of an injectable trace mineral supplement containing selenium, copper, zinc, and manganese on immunity, health, and growth of dairy calves.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of 2 subcutaneous injections of a multimineral preparation, each containing 60 mg of zinc, 10mg of manganese, 5mg of selenium, and 15 mg of copper at 3 and 30 d after birth on immunity, health, and growth of dairy calves during the preweaning period. The study was conducted in upstate New York in 2 commercial dairy farms. A total of 790 Holstein heifer calves were randomly allocated at birth into 1 of 2 treatments: trace mineral supplement (TMS) treated or control. Blood samples were collected at 3, 14, and 35 d after birth to evaluate glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, haptoglobin, and neutrophil and monocyte function. Incidence of diseases and average daily gain was evaluated in the first 50 d of life. At 14 d of life, TMS-treated calves had increased neutrophil activity compared with control calves. Moreover, TMS-treated calves had greater GPx activity on d 14 after birth than control calves. The TMS treatment reduced the incidence of diarrhea (TMS=41.7% vs. control=49.7%) and combined incidence of pneumonia or otitis or both (TMS=41.7% vs. control=49.1%). Additionally, GPx was greater for calves diagnosed with otitis at d 35 after birth. However, calves diagnosed with pneumonia had decreased GPx activity at d 35 after birth. Serum SOD and haptoglobin concentrations were not affected by treatment or disease. Moreover, no effects were observed on average daily gain and survivability between TMS-treated and control calves during the preweaning period. Supplementation with trace minerals at 3 and 30 d of life increased neutrophil function and GPx activity and reduced the incidence of health disorders.
Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.
A G V
AG
Teixeira
Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.
F S
FS
Lima
Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.
M L S
ML
Bicalho
Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.
A
A
Kussler
Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.
S F
SF
Lima
Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.
M J
MJ
Felippe
Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853. Electronic address: rcb28@cornell.edu.
R C
RC
Bicalho
D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000254:growth & development; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D006403:Hematologic Tests / Q000662:veterinary*; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000187:drug effects*; D015994:Incidence; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous / Q000662:veterinary; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D010031:Otitis / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary; D011897:Random Allocation; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*
D014131:Trace Elements
dairy calf; diarrhea; neutrophil function; trace mineral