Dietary grape powder increases IL-1β and IL-6 production by lipopolysaccharide-activated monocytes and reduces plasma concentrations of large LDL and large LDL-cholesterol particles in obese humans.
Obese individuals are at an increased risk of developing CVD, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and bacterial and viral infections when compared with the normal-weight population. In a 9-week randomised, double-blind, cross-over study, twenty-four obese subjects aged between 20 and 60 years and with a BMI between 30 and 45 kg/m2 were fed grape or placebo powder for 3-week intervals to determine the effects of dietary grapes on blood lipid profiles, plasma inflammatory marker concentrations and immune cell function. Blood samples were collected on days 1 and 8 for obtaining baseline information and at weeks 3, 4, 8 and 9. Comprehensive chemistry panels, lipid profile analyses by NMR, measurement of plasma inflammatory marker concentrations, and analyses of cytokine production by activated T lymphocytes and monocytes were performed for each blood draw. Dietary grape powder reduced the plasma concentrations of large LDL-cholesterol and large LDL particles compared with the placebo powder (P< 0·05). The concentrations of interferon-γ, TNF-α, IL-4 and IL-10 were measured in supernatants from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) activated with anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies and those of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 were measured in supernatants from PBMC activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). No difference in the production of T-cell cytokines was observed between the two intervention groups. The production of IL-1β and IL-6 was increased in supernatants from LPS-activated PBMC in the grape powder group compared with the placebo powder group (P< 0·05). These data suggest that dietary grapes may decrease atherogenic lipid fractions in obese individuals and increase the sensitivity of monocytes in a population at a greater risk of developing infections.
United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center,430 West Health Sciences Drive,Davis,CA95616,USA.
Susan J
SJ
Zunino
Department of Nutrition,University of California Davis,One Shields Avenue,Davis,CA95616,USA.
Jan M
JM
Peerson
United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center,430 West Health Sciences Drive,Davis,CA95616,USA.
Tammy L
TL
Freytag
United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center,800 Buchanan Street,Albany,CA94710,USA.
Andrew P
AP
Breksa
Department of Nutrition,University of California Davis,One Shields Avenue,Davis,CA95616,USA.
Ellen L
EL
Bonnel
United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center,430 West Health Sciences Drive,Davis,CA95616,USA.
Leslie R
LR
Woodhouse
United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center,430 West Health Sciences Drive,Davis,CA95616,USA.
David H
DH
Storms
D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015992:Body Mass Index; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004032:Diet; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007378:Interleukins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology; D010316:Particle Size; D010919:Placebos; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D027843:Vitis; D015032:Zinc / Q000097:blood
D015415:Biomarkers; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D007378:Interleukins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D010919:Placebos; D059808:Polyphenols; D015032:Zinc