Green algae (Chlorella pyrenoidosa) adsorbs Bacillus thurigiensis (Bt) toxin, Cry1Ca insecticidal protein, without an effect on growth.
The effect of purified Cry1Ca insecticidal protein on the growth of Chlorella pyrenoidosa was studied in a three-generation toxicity test. The C. pyrenoidosa medium with a density of 5.4 × 10(5) cells/mL was subcultured for three generations with added Cry1Ca at 0, 10, 100, and 1000 µg/L, and cell numbers were determined daily. To explore the distribution of Cry1Ca in C. pyrenoidosa and the culture medium, Cry1Ca was added at 1000 µg/L to algae with a high density of 4.8 × 10(6) cells/mL, and Cry1Ca content was determined daily in C. pyrenoidosa and the culture medium by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Our results showed that the growth curves of C. pyrenoidosa exposed to 10, 100, and 1000 µg/L of Cry1Ca almost overlapped with that of the blank control, and there were no statistically significant differences among the four treatments from day 0 to day 7, regardless of generation. Moreover, the Cry1Ca content in the culture medium and in C. pyrenoidosa sharply decreased under exposure of 1000 µg/L Cry1Ca with high initial C. pyrenoidosa cell density. The above results demonstrate that Cry1Ca in water can be rapidly adsorbed and degraded by C. pyrenoidosa, but it has no suppressive or stimulative effect on algae growth.
State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China.
Jiamei
J
Wang
State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China.
Xiuping
X
Chen
State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China.
Yunhe
Y
Li
State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China.
Changqing
C
Su
College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China.
Jiatong
J
Ding
State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China. Electronic address: yfpeng@vip.qq.com.
Yufa
Y
Peng
D001407:Bacillus / Q000737:chemistry; D000083722:Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D002708:Chlorella / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D018675:Toxicity Tests; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity
D000083722:Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D003470:Culture Media; D004731:Endotoxins; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C030956:insecticidal crystal protein, Bacillus Thuringiensis
Chlorella pyrenoidosa; Cry1Ca insecticidal protein; Non-target effect; Safety assessment