Nucleotide signalling during inflammation.
Inflammatory conditions are associated with the extracellular release of nucleotides, particularly ATP. In the extracellular compartment, ATP predominantly functions as a signalling molecule through the activation of purinergic P2 receptors. Metabotropic P2Y receptors are G-protein-coupled, whereas ionotropic P2X receptors are ATP-gated ion channels. Here we discuss how signalling events through P2 receptors alter the outcomes of inflammatory or infectious diseases. Recent studies implicate a role for P2X/P2Y signalling in mounting appropriate inflammatory responses critical for host defence against invading pathogens or tumours. Conversely, P2X/P2Y signalling can promote chronic inflammation during ischaemia and reperfusion injury, inflammatory bowel disease or acute and chronic diseases of the lungs. Although nucleotide signalling has been used clinically in patients before, research indicates an expanding field of opportunities for specifically targeting individual P2 receptors for the treatment of inflammatory or infectious diseases.
Department of Pneumology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
Marco
M
Idzko
Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, 44121, Italy.
Davide
D
Ferrari
Organ Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA.
Holger K
HK
Eltzschig
D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D007239:Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000378:metabolism; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D058919:Purinergic P2 Receptor Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2 / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
D007473:Ion Channels; D058919:Purinergic P2 Receptor Antagonists; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate