Undergraduate prosthetics and orthotics teaching methods: A baseline for international comparison.
BACKGROUND
Education of Prosthetics and Orthotics is a relatively recent professional program. While there has been some work on various teaching methods and strategies in international medical education, limited publication exists within prosthetics and orthotics.


OBJECTIVE
To identify the teaching and learning methods that are used in Bachelor-level prosthetics and orthotics programs that are given highest priority by expert prosthetics and orthotics instructors from regions enjoying a range of economic development.


METHODS
Mixed method.


METHODS
The study partly documented by this article utilized a mixed method approach (qualitative and quantitative methods) within which each phase provided data for other phases. It began with analysis of prosthetics and orthotics curricula documents, which was followed by a broad survey of instructors in this field and then a modified Delphi process.


RESULTS
The expert instructors who participated in this study gave high priority to student-centered, small group methods that encourage critical thinking and may lead to lifelong learning. Instructors from more developed nations placed higher priority on student's independent acquisition of prosthetics and orthotics knowledge, particularly in clinical training.


CONCLUSIONS
Application of student-centered approaches to prosthetics and orthotics programs may be preferred by many experts, but there appeared to be regional differences in the priority given to different teaching methods.


CONCLUSIONS
The results of this study identify the methods of teaching that are preferred by expert prosthetics and orthotics instructors from a variety of regions. This treatment of current instructional techniques may inform instructor choice of teaching methods that impact the quality of education and improve the professional skills of students.
Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran gholamrezaaminian@yahoo.com.
Gholamreza
G
Aminian
School of Education, Faculty of Education and Arts, The University of Newcastle, Australia, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
John M
JM
O'Toole
Department of Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation Research Centre, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
Afsoon Hassani
AH
Mehraban
D003479:Curriculum; D003697:Delphi Technique; D004504:Education, Medical, Undergraduate; D006801:Humans; D007391:International Cooperation; D009989:Orthotic Devices; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013663:Teaching / Q000379:methods*
Undergraduate; international comparison; prosthetics and orthotics; student-centered; teaching methods