Prenatal androgen excess enhances stimulation of the GNRH pulse in pubertal female rats.
In adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), neuroendocrine derangements manifest after the onset of puberty, characterized by rapid LH pulse frequency. The early mechanism underlying the pubertal regulation of the GNRH/LH pulsatile release in adolescents with PCOS remains uncertain. To determine the effects of prenatal androgen exposure on the activation of GNRH neurons and generation of LH pulse at puberty, we administrated 5α-dihydrotestosterone to pregnant rats and observed serum LH levels and expression of hypothalamic genes in female offspring from postnatal 4 to 8 weeks. The 6-week-old prenatally androgenized (PNA) female rats exhibited an increase in LH pulse frequency. The hypothalamic expression of neurokinin B (Nkb (Tac2)) and Lepr mRNA levels in PNA rats increased remarkably before puberty and remained high during puberty, whereas elevated Kiss1 mRNA levels were detected only after the onset of puberty. Exogenous kisspeptin, NK3R agonist, and leptin triggered tonic stimulation of GNRH neurons and increased LH secretion in 6-week-old PNA rats. Leptin upregulated Kiss1 mRNA levels in the hypothalamus of pubertal PNA rats; however, pretreatment with a kisspeptin antagonist failed to suppress the elevated serum LH stimulated by leptin, indicating that the stimulatory effects of leptin may be conveyed indirectly to GNRH neurons via other neural components within the GNRH neuronal network, rather than through the kisspeptin-GPR54 pathway. These findings validate the hypotheses that NKB and leptin play an essential role in the activation of GNRH neurons and initiation of increased LH pulse frequency in PNA female rats at puberty and that kisspeptin may coordinate their stimulatory effects on LH release.
State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineClinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, ChinaXuzhou Medical CollegeClinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Xuzhou 221000, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineClinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, ChinaXuzhou Medical CollegeClinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Xuzhou 221000, China.
Xiaonan
X
Yan
State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineClinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, ChinaXuzhou Medical CollegeClinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Xuzhou 221000, China.
Chun
C
Yuan
State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineClinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, ChinaXuzhou Medical CollegeClinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Xuzhou 221000, China.
Nannan
N
Zhao
State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineClinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, ChinaXuzhou Medical CollegeClinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Xuzhou 221000, China.
Yugui
Y
Cui
State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineClinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, ChinaXuzhou Medical CollegeClinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Xuzhou 221000, China jyliu_nj@126.com.
Jiayin
J
Liu
D000728:Androgens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D013196:Dihydrotestosterone / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000378:metabolism; D059648:Kisspeptins / Q000378:metabolism; D020738:Leptin / Q000378:metabolism; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D015287:Neurokinin B / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012741:Sexual Maturation / Q000502:physiology*
D000728:Androgens; C491406:Kiss1 protein, rat; D059648:Kisspeptins; D020738:Leptin; D013196:Dihydrotestosterone; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D015287:Neurokinin B; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone
androgen; gonadotropin-releasing hormone; kisspeptin; leptin; neurokinin B; polycystic ovary syndrome; puberty