Effect of salinity on acute copper and zinc toxicity to Tigriopus japonicus: the difference between metal ions and nanoparticles.
We investigated the effects of salinity (5‰, 15‰, 25‰ and 35‰) on metal ion (Cu and Zn) and nanoparticle (NP) CuO and ZnO toxicity to Tigriopus japonicus. Increasing the test media volume without renewal increased the 96-h LC50 for Cu (32.75 mg L(-1)) compared to the reported value (3.9 mg L(-1)). There was no significant difference in acute toxicity at different salinities between acclimated and unacclimated T. japonicus (p>0.05). Increasing salinity decreased the dissolved concentrations of Cu and Zn ions due to the precipitation of the metal ions, consequently reducing the acute toxicity to T. japonicus. The effect of salinity on acute CuO and ZnO NP toxicity was similar to that on metal ion toxicity. Since the aggregation of NPs generally enhanced at higher salinities, both the dissolution and aggregation of CuO and ZnO NPs may control the effect of salinity on acute toxicity to T. japonicus.
Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea.
Junbeom
J
Park
Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea.
Soyoun
S
Kim
Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea.
Jisu
J
Yoo
Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.
Jae-Seong
JS
Lee
Ecotoxicology Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea.
June-Woo
JW
Park
Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: jjung@korea.ac.kr.
Jinho
J
Jung
D000818:Animals; D033342:Copepoda / Q000187:drug effects*; D003300:Copper / Q000633:toxicity*; D008670:Metals / Q000633:toxicity*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity*; D054712:Salinity; D015032:Zinc / Q000633:toxicity*
D008670:Metals; D003300:Copper; D015032:Zinc
Aggregation; Copepod; Metal ion; Nanoparticle; Precipitation; Salinity