Non-invasive wearable electrochemical sensors: a review.
Wearable sensors have garnered considerable recent interest owing to their tremendous promise for a plethora of applications. Yet the absence of reliable non-invasive chemical sensors has greatly hindered progress in the area of on-body sensing. Electrochemical sensors offer considerable promise as wearable chemical sensors that are suitable for diverse applications owing to their high performance, inherent miniaturization, and low cost. A wide range of wearable electrochemical sensors and biosensors has been developed for real-time non-invasive monitoring of electrolytes and metabolites in sweat, tears, or saliva as indicators of a wearer's health status. With continued innovation and attention to key challenges, such non-invasive electrochemical sensors and biosensors are expected to open up new exciting avenues in the field of wearable wireless sensing devices and body-sensor networks, and thus find considerable use in a wide range of personal health-care monitoring applications, as well as in sport and military applications.
Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Amay J
AJ
Bandodkar
Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. Electronic address: josephwang@ucsd.edu.
Joseph
J
Wang
D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D018670:Monitoring, Ambulatory / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry; D013542:Sweat / Q000737:chemistry; D013666:Tears / Q000737:chemistry; D059015:Wireless Technology