Classical and modern approaches used for viral hepatitis diagnosis.
BACKGROUND
Viral hepatitis diagnosis is an important issue in the treatment procedure of this infection. Late diagnosis and delayed treatment of viral hepatitis infections can lead to irreversible liver damages and occurrence of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. A variety of laboratory methods including old and new technologies are being applied to detect hepatitis viruses. Here we have tried to review, categorize, compare and illustrate the classical and modern approaches used for diagnosis of viral hepatitis.


METHODS
In order to achieve a comprehensive aspect in viral hepatitis detection methods, an extensive search using related keywords was done in major medical library and data were collected, categorized and summarized in different sections.


RESULTS
Analyzing of collected data resulted in the wrapping up the hepatitis virus detection methods in separate sections including 1) immunological methods such as enzyme immunoassay (EIA), radio-immunoassay (RIA) immuno-chromatographic assay (ICA), and immuno-chemiluminescence 2) molecular approaches including non-amplification and amplification based methods, and finally 3) advanced biosensors such as mass-sensitive, electrical, electrochemical and optical based biosensors and also new generation of detection methods.


CONCLUSIONS
Detection procedures in the clinical laboratories possess a large diversity; each has their individual advantages and facilities' differences.
Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
Mohammad
M
Heiat
Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
Reza
R
Ranjbar
Middle East Liver Disease Center (MELD), Tehran, IR Iran.
Seyed Moayed
SM
Alavian
Biosensing Techniques; Hepatitis Viruses; Immunoassay