Stage-dependent prognostic impact of molecular signatures in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.
OBJECTIVE
To enhance prognostic information of protein biomarkers for clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCCs), we analyzed them within prognostic groups of ccRCC harboring different tumor characteristics of this clinically and molecularly heterogeneous tumor entity.


METHODS
Tissue microarrays from 145 patients with primary ccRCC were immunohistochemically analyzed for VHL (von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor), Ki67 (marker of proliferation 1), p53 (tumor protein p53), p21 (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A), survivin (baculoviral IAP repeat containing 5), and UEA-1 (Ulex europaeus agglutinin I) to assess microvessel-density.


RESULTS
When analyzing all patients, nuclear staining of Ki67 (hazard ratio [HR] 1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04-1.12) and nuclear survivin (nS; HR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01-1.08) were significantly associated with disease-specific survival (DSS). In the cohort of patients with advanced localized or metastasized ccRCC, high staining of Ki67, p53 and nS predicted shorter DSS (Ki67: HR 1.07, 95% CI 1.02-1.11; p53: HR 1.05, 95% CI 1.01-1.09; nS: HR 1.08, 95% CI 1.02-1.14). In organ-confined ccRCC, patients with high p21-staining had a longer DSS (HR 0.96, 95% CI 0.92-0.99). In a multivariate model with stepwise backward elimination, tumor size and p21-staining showed a significant association with DSS in patients with "organ-confined" ccRCCs. The p21-staining increased the concordance index of tumor size from 0.75 to 0.78. In patients with "organ-confined" ccRCC, no disease-related deaths occurred in the group with p21-expression below the threshold of 32.5% p21-positive cells (log rank test: P=0.002).


CONCLUSIONS
The prognostic information of the studied protein biomarkers depended on anatomic tumor stages, which displayed different acquired biological tumor characteristics. Analysis of prognostic factors within different clinical ccRCC groups could help to enhance their prognostic power. The p21-staining was an independent prognostic factor and increased prognostic accuracy in a predictive model in "organ-confined" ccRCC.
Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany ; Department of Oncology and Hematology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.
Thomas
T
Weber
Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Matthias
M
Meinhardt
Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Stefan
S
Zastrow
Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.
Andreas
A
Wienke
Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Kati
K
Erdmann
Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Jörg
J
Hofmann
Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Susanne
S
Fuessel
Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Manfred P
MP
Wirth
advanced; localized; p21; prognostic groups; survival