Hair loss and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis activity in captive rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta).
Hair loss is a common problem in captive macaque colonies. A potential factor is the possible influence of stressful environments in the development of hair loss. We examined the relationship between hair loss and chronic hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity by measuring cortisol in hair. Adult male and female rhesus macaques housed at 3 primate facilities in the United States were screened for degree of hair loss and observed for evidence of hair-plucking behavior. Hair samples and photographic data were obtained from 99 subjects, none of which were hair-pluckers. Macaques with greater than 30% hair loss (alopecia group) showed higher concentrations of hair cortisol than did those with less than 5% hair loss (control group), a finding that was unrelated to age, body weight, or the month in which the sample was collected. Hair loss scores were positively correlated with hair cortisol levels across all monkeys and within the alopecic group alone. In addition, the strong relationship between hair cortisol and alopecia was noted in 2 but not the third facility. Friction with cage surfaces appeared to contribute to hair loss in 18 monkeys. These findings suggest that stress may be one of several factors related to hair loss in some captive nonhuman primates, although whether this relationship is causal or merely correlational is unclear. Moreover, the source of the additional cortisol in the hair of alopecic monkeys (that is, from the circulation or from local synthesis in the skin) remains to be determined.
Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA; Neuroscience and Behavior Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA. mnovak@psych.umass.edu.
Melinda A
MA
Novak
Neuroscience and Behavior Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA.
Amanda F
AF
Hamel
Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, USA.
Kris
K
Coleman
Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Bio-medical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
Corrine K
CK
Lutz
Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Julie
J
Worlein
Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA.
Mark
M
Menard
Neuroscience and Behavior Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA.
Amy
A
Ryan
Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA.
Kendra
K
Rosenberg
Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA; Neuroscience and Behavior Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA.
Jerrold S
JS
Meyer
D000505:Alopecia / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D010913:Pituitary-Adrenal System; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D014481:United States
D006854:Hydrocortisone