Emissions of ammonia and greenhouse gases during combined pre-composting and vermicomposting of duck manure.
Combined pre-composting and vermicomposting has shown potential for reclamation of solid wastes, which is a significant source of ammonia (NH3), and greenhouse gases (GHG), including nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4), and carbon dioxide (CO2). Earthworms and amendments may both affect physico-chemical characteristics that control gas-producing processes, and thus affect NH3 and GHG emissions. Here, we used two-way ANOVA to test the effects of addition of reed straw and combined addition of reed straw and zeolite on NH3 and GHG emissions during pre-composting of duck manure, either with or without a follow-up phase of vermicomposting. Results showed that cumulative N2O, CH4, and CO2 emissions during pre-composting and vermicomposting ranged from 92.8, 5.8, and 260.6 mg kg(-)(1) DM to 274.2, 30.4, and 314.0 mg kg(-1) DM, respectively. Earthworms and amendments significantly decreased N2O and CH4 emissions. Emission of CO2 was not affected by earthworms, but increased in responses to addition of reed straw. Cumulative NH3 emission ranged from 3.0 to 8.1 g kg(-1) DM, and was significantly decreased by reed straw and zeolite addition. In conclusion, combined pre-composting and vermicomposting with reed straw and zeolite addition would be strongly recommended in mitigating emissions of N2O, CH4, and NH3 from duck manure. Moreover, this method also provides nutrient-rich products that can be used as a fertilizer.
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Jinzhi
J
Wang
College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. Electronic address: zhyhu@ucas.ac.cn.
Zhengyi
Z
Hu
State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
Xingkai
X
Xu
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
Xia
X
Jiang
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
Binghui
B
Zheng
College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Xiaoning
X
Liu
Institute of Plant Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100029, China.
Xubin
X
Pan
Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S 90183 Umeå, Sweden.
Paul
P
Kardol
D000641:Ammonia / Q000737:chemistry*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D004372:Ducks; D004867:Equipment Design; D005308:Fertilizers; D005740:Gases; D017752:Greenhouse Effect; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008372:Manure; D008697:Methane / Q000737:chemistry; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis; D009609:Nitrous Oxide / Q000737:chemistry; D009835:Oligochaeta; D012037:Refuse Disposal / Q000379:methods*; D012987:Soil; D013997:Time Factors; D017641:Zeolites / Q000737:chemistry
D005308:Fertilizers; D005740:Gases; D008372:Manure; D012987:Soil; D017641:Zeolites; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D000641:Ammonia; D009609:Nitrous Oxide; D009584:Nitrogen; D008697:Methane
Ammonia; Composting; Earthworm; Greenhouse gas; Reed Straw; Zeolite