A prospective strategy to restore the tissue damage in malaria infection: Approach with chitosan-trypolyphosphate conjugated nanochloroquine in Swiss mice.
Accumulating evidence indicates that wide range of polymer based nanoconjugated drug have the ability to overcome the microbial infection. The present study was to evaluate the effects of nanoconjugated chloroquine (Nch) against Plasmodium berghei NK65 (P. berghei) infection on selective makers of oxidative damage, antioxidant status, pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in liver and spleen. P. berghei infected Swiss mice were treated with Nch (250mg/kg bw for 15 days) compared with chloroquine. The stress markers, pro-inflammatory cytokines were increased significantly (P<0.05) and the anti-oxidant enzymes level, redox ratio (GSH/GSSG), anti-inflammatory markers were decreased significantly (P<0.05) in liver and spleen of infected mice compared with uninfected mice. Chloroquine and Nch effectively decreased the stress markers, pro-inflammatory cytokines, as well as, increased antioxidants level in liver and spleen of the infected mice. Moreover, the favorable effect Nch is better than the chloroquine defending the tissue damage during malarial infection. These findings suggested that the potential use and prospective role of Nch than only chloroquine against P. berghei induced pathology as well as oxidative damage in liver and spleen.
Immunology and Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Human Physiology with Community Health, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721 102, West Bengal, India.
Satyajit
S
Tripathy
Immunology and Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Human Physiology with Community Health, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721 102, West Bengal, India.
Sabyasachi
S
Das
Immunology and Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Human Physiology with Community Health, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721 102, West Bengal, India.
Sandeep Kumar
SK
Dash
School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India.
Santanu Kar
SK
Mahapatra
Immunology and Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Human Physiology with Community Health, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721 102, West Bengal, India.
Sourav
S
Chattopadhyay
Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata 700 054, West Bengal, India.
Subrata
S
Majumdar
Immunology and Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Human Physiology with Community Health, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721 102, West Bengal, India. Electronic address: sroy.vu@hotmail.com.
Somenath
S
Roy
D000818:Animals; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D002738:Chloroquine / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004249:DNA Damage; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008288:Malaria / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010316:Particle Size; D010962:Plasmodium berghei / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D011122:Polyphosphates / Q000737:chemistry*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013154:Spleen / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
D000962:Antimalarials; D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D011122:Polyphosphates; D002738:Chloroquine; D048271:Chitosan; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione
Antimalarial drug; Chitosan; Liver; Nanochloroquine; Plasmodium berghei; Spleen