Polyol pathway and diabetic nephropathy revisited: Early tubular cell changes and glomerulopathy in diabetic mice overexpressing human aldose reductase.
Aims/Introduction:  The polyol pathway has long been involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. It remains still unclear, however, how the polyol pathway is implicated in this process. We explored the effects of the enhanced polyol pathway on renocortical tubular cells and glomeruli in experimentally-induced diabetes.


METHODS
Transgenic mice (Tg) overexpressing human aldose reductase were made diabetic by streptozotocin and followed for 8 weeks. Renocortical pathology, expressions of tonicity-responsive enhancer binding protein (TonEBP) and carboxymethyllysine of advanced glycation end-products, were examined. Wild-type non-transgenic mice (Wt) were also made diabetic and served as controls.


RESULTS
Diabetic Tg showed augmented expression of TonEBP in renocortical tubular cells with vacuolated degenerative changes. These structural changes were associated with pronounced deposition of carboxymethyllysine. There was a significant increase in kidney weight, glomerular size, and mesangial area in diabetic animals and there was a trend for more severe changes in these measures in diabetic transgenic mice compared with those in control diabetic mice. Treatment with aldose reductase inhibitor significantly prevented polyol accumulation, mesangial expansion and expressions of TonEBP and carboxymethyllysine in diabetic Tg, but its effects on the renal structure were equivocal in control diabetic Wt.


CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that tubuloglomerular change might contribute to early diabetic nephropathy under the influence of the enhanced polyol pathway. (J Diabetes Invest, doi: 10.1111/j.2040-1124.2010.00071.x, 2010).
Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki.
Yasuhiro
Y
Hashimoto
Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki.
Shin-Ichiro
S
Yamagishi
Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki.
Hiroki
H
Mizukami
Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto Prefectural Medicine School, Kyoto, Japan.
Chihiro
C
Yabe-Nishimura
Department of Medicine and Physiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Sun Woo
SW
Lim
Department of Medicine and Physiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.
H Moo
HM
Kwon
Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki.
Soroku
S
Yagihashi
Aldose reductase; Diabetic nephropathy; Tubuloglomerular feedback system