Circadian disorganization alters intestinal microbiota.
Intestinal dysbiosis and circadian rhythm disruption are associated with similar diseases including obesity, metabolic syndrome, and inflammatory bowel disease. Despite the overlap, the potential relationship between circadian disorganization and dysbiosis is unknown; thus, in the present study, a model of chronic circadian disruption was used to determine the impact on the intestinal microbiome. Male C57BL/6J mice underwent once weekly phase reversals of the light:dark cycle (i.e., circadian rhythm disrupted mice) to determine the impact of circadian rhythm disruption on the intestinal microbiome and were fed either standard chow or a high-fat, high-sugar diet to determine how diet influences circadian disruption-induced effects on the microbiome. Weekly phase reversals of the light:dark (LD) cycle did not alter the microbiome in mice fed standard chow; however, mice fed a high-fat, high-sugar diet in conjunction with phase shifts in the light:dark cycle had significantly altered microbiota. While it is yet to be established if some of the adverse effects associated with circadian disorganization in humans (e.g., shift workers, travelers moving across time zones, and in individuals with social jet lag) are mediated by dysbiosis, the current study demonstrates that circadian disorganization can impact the intestinal microbiota which may have implications for inflammatory diseases.
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.
Robin M
RM
Voigt
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America; Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.
Christopher B
CB
Forsyth
DNA Services Facility, Research Resources Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.
Stefan J
SJ
Green
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.
Ece
E
Mutlu
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.
Phillip
P
Engen
Center for Sleep & Circadian Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America.
Martha H
MH
Vitaterna
Center for Sleep & Circadian Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America.
Fred W
FW
Turek
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America; Department of Pharmacology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America; Department of Physiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America; Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Ali
A
Keshavarzian
D000818:Animals; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects; D019422:Dietary Sucrose / Q000009:adverse effects; D064806:Dysbiosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008027:Light; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D064307:Microbiota / Q000502:physiology; D017440:Photoperiod
D019422:Dietary Sucrose