Influence of night-time protein and carbohydrate intake on appetite and cardiometabolic risk in sedentary overweight and obese women.
The present study investigated whether whey (WH) protein, casein (CAS) protein or a carbohydrate placebo (PLA) consumed 30 min before sleep could acutely alter appetite or cardiometabolic risk the following morning. A total of forty-four sedentary overweight and obese women (BMI: 25·7-54·6 kg/m2) completed this stratified, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study (WH: n 16, age 27·4 (sd 5·0) years; CAS: n 15, age 30·3 (sd 8·1) years; PLA: n 13, age 28·5 (sd 7·2) years). The participants came to the laboratory at baseline (visit 1) and again in the morning after night-time ingestion of either protein or PLA (visit 2). Visit 2 was conducted at least 48 h after visit 1. During visits 1 and 2, the following parameters were measured: appetite (hunger, satiety and desire to eat); resting metabolism; blood lipid and glucose levels; the levels of insulin, leptin, C-reactive protein, insulin-like growth factor-1, cortisol and adiponectin. Data were analysed using repeated-measures ANOVA. No group × time interactions were observed for the measured variables; however, a main effect of time was observed for increased satiety (P= 0·03), reduced desire to eat (P= 0·006), and increased insulin levels (P= 0·004) and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance values (P= 0·01) after the consumption of either protein or PLA. The results of the present study reveal that night-time consumption of protein or carbohydrate by sedentary overweight and obese women improves their appetite measures but negatively affects insulin levels. Long-term studies are needed to evaluate the effects of chronic consumption of low-energy snacks at night on body composition and cardiometabolic risk.
Department of Nutrition,Food and Exercise Sciences, The Florida State University,120 Convocation Way, 430 Sandels Building,Tallahassee,FL32306,USA.
Amber W
AW
Kinsey
Department of Nutrition,Food and Exercise Sciences, The Florida State University,120 Convocation Way, 430 Sandels Building,Tallahassee,FL32306,USA.
Wyatt R
WR
Eddy
Department of Nutrition,Food and Exercise Sciences, The Florida State University,120 Convocation Way, 430 Sandels Building,Tallahassee,FL32306,USA.
Takudzwa A
TA
Madzima
Department of Nutrition,Food and Exercise Sciences, The Florida State University,120 Convocation Way, 430 Sandels Building,Tallahassee,FL32306,USA.
Lynn B
LB
Panton
Department of Health and Exercise Sciences,Skidmore College,Saratoga Springs,NY12866,USA.
Paul J
PJ
Arciero
Department of Nutrition,Food and Exercise Sciences, The Florida State University,120 Convocation Way, 430 Sandels Building,Tallahassee,FL32306,USA.
Jeong-Su
JS
Kim
Department of Nutrition,Food and Exercise Sciences, The Florida State University,120 Convocation Way, 430 Sandels Building,Tallahassee,FL32306,USA.
Michael J
MJ
Ormsbee
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001066:Appetite / Q000187:drug effects*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases; D002364:Caseins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006728:Hormones / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008659:Metabolic Diseases; D008875:Middle Aged; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009765:Obesity / Q000503:physiopathology; D050177:Overweight / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D012890:Sleep; D000067816:Whey Proteins
D002364:Caseins; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D006728:Hormones; D007328:Insulin; D008055:Lipids; D008894:Milk Proteins; D000067816:Whey Proteins