Disordered eating links to body-relevant and body-irrelevant influences on self-evaluation.
We investigated eating- and weight-related correlates of self-evaluation influences (SEIs) and examined the extent to which such SEIs can be both over- and undervalued and the extent to which measurement strategy affects SEIs. A female undergraduate sample (n = 549) completed 3 measures of SEI importance and questionnaires assessing disordered eating (DE), body mass index (BMI), and depression. SEI measures included Likert scale, rank ordering, and pairwise forced choice; a subset (n = 62) also completed the Shape- and Weight-Based Self-Esteem Scale (SAWBS). Only rank ordering, forced choice, and SAWBS constrain choices among SEIs, such that prioritizing one SEI necessarily deprioritizes another, which reflects real-world restrictions on individuals' allotment of time and energy (e.g., spending hours exercising daily necessarily reduces time available for other activities). By any measure, women with DE overvalue body shape and weight. The constraining measures reveal systematic undervaluation of intelligence and achievement among women with DE and an enhanced effect of DE on the overvaluation of weight and on the undervaluation of being a good person among those with higher BMI. Depressed women's self-evaluations overemphasize appearance and underemphasize interpersonal relationships. Self-evaluations of women with DE are marked by both over- and undervaluation of relevant SEIs; the overvaluation of shape and weight in DE may be associated with costs. Future use of constraining measures, such as forced choice or rank ordering, may enhance our understanding of both over- and underemphasized SEIs among women with DE.
Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, 11 Seashore Hall E, Iowa City, IA 52240-1407, USA. Electronic address: halley-woodward@uiowa.edu.
Halley E
HE
Woodward
Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, 11 Seashore Hall E, Iowa City, IA 52240-1407, USA.
Marianne T
MT
Rizk
Department of Psychology, Yale University, Box 208205, New Haven, CT, 06520-8205, USA.
Shirley S
SS
Wang
Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, 11 Seashore Hall E, Iowa City, IA 52240-1407, USA.
Teresa A
TA
Treat
D000293:Adolescent; D001828:Body Image / Q000523:psychology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D003863:Depression; D059026:Diagnostic Self Evaluation; D001068:Feeding and Eating Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012647:Self-Assessment; D012945:Social Values; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
Overvaluation; Self-evaluation; Shape; Weight