Indicators of club management practices and biological measurements of patrons' drug and alcohol use.
BACKGROUND
Electronic music and dance events in nightclubs attract patrons with heavy alcohol/drug use. Public health concerns are raised from risks related to these behaviors. Practices associated with increased risk in these club settings need to be identified.


OBJECTIVE
The relationship between club management practices and biological measures of patrons' alcohol/drug use is examined.


METHODS
Observational data from 25 events across six urban clubs were integrated with survey data (N = 738 patrons, 42.8% female) from patrons exiting these events, 2010-2012. Five indicators of club management practices were examined using mixed model regressions: club security, bar crowding, safety signs, serving intoxicated patrons, and isolation.


RESULTS
Analyses revealed that serving intoxicated patrons and safety signs were related to substance use. Specifically, serving intoxicated patrons was related to heavy alcohol and drug use at exit, while safety signs were marginally related to less exit drug use. CONCLUSIONS/IMPORTANCE: Findings indicate observable measures in nightclubs provide important indicators for alcohol/drug use, suggesting practices to target. Study strengths include the use of biological measures of substance use on a relatively large scale. Limitations and future directions are discussed.
1Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Prevention Research Center, Oakland, California, USA.
Hilary F
HF
Byrnes
Brenda A
BA
Miller
Mark B
MB
Johnson
Robert B
RB
Voas
D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D001944:Breath Tests; D003615:Dancing; D005260:Female; D005522:Food Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009146:Music; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012495:San Francisco / Q000453:epidemiology; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D014505:Urban Population; D055815:Young Adult
alcohol use; club management practices; drug use; nightclubs; young adults