Promoting environmentally sound management of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in Asia.
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers with persistent organic pollutant properties are required to be controlled by the Stockholm Convention. Recently, polybrominated diphenyl ether contamination has become widespread in Asia, mainly because of the disposal and recycling processes of polybrominated diphenyl ether-containing wastes. The management status, production, usage, import/export, treatment, and disposal, as well as implementation deficiencies for the environmentally sound management of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polybrominated diphenyl ether-containing materials in ten Asian countries were investigated and assessed in this study. This information could help the participating countries implement the Stockholm Convention and could promote the regional environmentally sound management of polybrominated diphenyl ether-containing articles and products. The results obtained were as follows. (1) Most of the countries studied lacked environmental policies and regulations, or even standards of polybrominated diphenyl ether pollution management and emission control actions. Accurate data on the consumption and importation of polybrominated diphenyl ether-containing materials, however, were not available for all the participating countries. In addition, there were no special treatment or disposal systems for polybrominated diphenyl ether-containing materials, or emission-cutting measures for the treatment of waste in these countries, owing to the lack of sufficient funding or technologies. (2) The improper dismantling of e-waste is a major source of polybrominated diphenyl ether emissions in these countries. (3) Proper e-waste management could result in a breakthrough in the environmentally sound management of this major polybrominated diphenyl ether-containing material flow, and could significantly reduce polybrominated diphenyl ether emissions. Finally, based on the study results, this article puts forward some recommendations for improving the environmentally sound management of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in Asia.
Basel Convention Regional Centre for Asia and the Pacific, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China jinhui@tsinghua.edu.cn.
Jinhui
J
Li
Basel Convention Regional Centre for Asia and the Pacific, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Nana
N
Zhao
Basel Convention Regional Centre for Asia and the Pacific, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Xue
X
Liu
Basel Convention Regional Centre for Asia and the Pacific, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Xiaoyang
X
Wu
D001208:Asia; D003132:Commerce / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D059029:Electronic Waste; D058735:Environmental Policy; D005411:Flame Retardants; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D018505:Waste Management / Q000379:methods*
D005411:Flame Retardants; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers
Asia; Stockholm convention; e-waste; environmentally sound management; polybrominated diphenyl ethers