Test equality between two binary screening tests with a confirmatory procedure restricted on screen positives.
In studies of screening accuracy, we may commonly encounter the data in which a confirmatory procedure is administered to only those subjects with screen positives for ethical concerns. We focus our discussion on simultaneously testing equality of sensitivity and specificity between two binary screening tests when only subjects with screen positives receive the confirmatory procedure. We develop four asymptotic test procedures and one exact test procedure. We derive sample size calculation formula for a desired power of detecting a difference at a given nominal [Formula: see text]-level. We employ Monte Carlo simulation to evaluate the performance of these test procedures and the accuracy of the sample size calculation formula developed here in a variety of situations. Finally, we use the data obtained from a study of the prostate-specific-antigen test and digital rectal examination test on 949 Black men to illustrate the practical use of these test procedures and the sample size calculation formula.
a Department of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Sciences , San Diego State University , San Diego , California , USA.
Kung-Jong
KJ
Lui
Kuang-Chao
KC
Chang
D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003198:Computer Simulation; D051517:Digital Rectal Examination / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007610:Kallikreins / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology; D012107:Research Design / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D018401:Sample Size
C549870:KLK3 protein, human; D007610:Kallikreins; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen
Power; Sample size determination; Sensitivity; Specificity; Test equality; Type I error