Controlled release of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor enhances osteoconductive and biodegradable properties of Beta-tricalcium phosphate in a rat calvarial defect model.
Autologous bone grafts remain the gold standard for the treatment of congenital craniofacial disorders; however, there are potential problems including donor site morbidity and limitations to the amount of bone that can be harvested. Recent studies suggest that granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) promotes fracture healing or osteogenesis. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether topically applied G-CSF can stimulate the osteoconductive properties of beta-tricalcium phosphate ( β -TCP) in a rat calvarial defect model. A total of 27 calvarial defects 5 mm in diameter were randomly divided into nine groups, which were treated with various combinations of a β -TCP disc and G-CSF in solution form or controlled release system using gelatin hydrogel. Histologic and histomorphometric analyses were performed at eight weeks postoperatively. The controlled release of low-dose (1  μ g and 5  μ g) G-CSF significantly enhanced new bone formation when combined with a β -TCP disc. Moreover, administration of 5  μ g G-CSF using a controlled release system significantly promoted the biodegradable properties of β -TCP. In conclusion, the controlled release of 5  μ g G-CSF significantly enhanced the osteoconductive and biodegradable properties of β -TCP. The combination of G-CSF slow-release and β -TCP is a novel and promising approach for treating pediatric craniofacial bone defects.
Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan ; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Otaru Kyokai Hospital, Suminoe-1-6-15, Otaru, Hokkaido 047-8510, Japan.
Tomohiro
T
Minagawa
Department of Biomaterials, Field of Tissue Engineering, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
Yasuhiko
Y
Tabata
Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan.
Akihiko
A
Oyama
Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan.
Hiroshi
H
Furukawa
Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan.
Takeshi
T
Yamao
Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan.
Yuhei
Y
Yamamoto