Serum bacterial toxins are related to the progression of inflammatory bowel disease.
OBJECTIVE
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is an autoimmune disease. Disorder of intestinal microbes is thought to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of IBD. Detection of bacterial toxins could become a new approach to judge the situation of this disease.


METHODS
Serum samples were collected from 142 IBD patients and 40 healthy donors as well as 15 CD patients with anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) monoclonal antibody (infliximab [IFX]). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits for Clostridium difficile, Escherichia coli O157, salmonella, and Staphylococcus aureus were used to analyze these bacterial toxins in sera.


RESULTS
The positive rates of bacterial toxins from C. difficile, E. coli O157, salmonella, and S. aureus in the IBD patients were found in low incidences and associated with disease duration, colonic involvement, and treatment with prednisone and immunomodulators. The active CD and UC patients had significant higher positive rates of these bacterial toxins than those in remission or healthy controls. Blockage of TNF with IFX in CD patients resulted in significant decreases of the levels of toxins of C. difficile, E. coli O157, salmonella, and S. aureus in sera.


CONCLUSIONS
Some bacterial toxins are present in the sera of active IBD patients, and patients with long disease duration, colonic involvement, or treatment with prednisone and immunomodulators are more susceptible to bacterial infection. Inhibition of inflammation with IFX would reduce the bacterial toxins via improvement of intestinal inflammation. Detecting bacteria-derived toxins in sera can be used to predict the progression of IBD.
Department of Gastroenterology, the Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University , Shanghai , China.
Huajing
H
Qiu
Xiaomin
X
Sun
Mingming
M
Sun
Chong
C
He
Zhong
Z
Li
Zhanju
Z
Liu
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016360:Clostridioides difficile; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D019453:Escherichia coli O157; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000069285:Infliximab; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012475:Salmonella; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus; D055815:Young Adult
D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D015415:Biomarkers; D000069285:Infliximab
Clostridium difficile; Escherichia coli O157; Staphylococcus aureus; inflammatory bowel disease; salmonella; toxin