Personality disorders in offspring of mothers with mood disorders: results from a longitudinal family study.
Offspring of mothers with mood disorders are known to be at risk for a range of adverse outcomes, but the prevalence of personality disorders (PDs) in this group is unknown. The goal of this study was to assess risk of PD diagnoses and symptoms in offspring of mothers with and without mood disorders, and to explore contributing factors to this risk. This longitudinal study assessed PDs and symptoms of PDs in offspring of mothers with bipolar disorder (O-BD), major depression (O-MDD), and no psychiatric diagnosis (O-WELL) in mid-adolescence and in early adulthood. O-BD were more likely to develop a Cluster B PD than O-MDD or O-WELL in adolescence, and more likely to develop a Cluster B PD then O-WELL in early adulthood. Dimensional analyses revealed that O-BD had elevated symptoms in PDs across all PD clusters at mid-adolescence and young adulthood. O-MDD showed elevated symptoms of antisocial PD at both time points, and of obsessive-compulsive PD at young adulthood. Offspring of mothers with mood disorders, especially O-BD, are at increased risk for PD diagnoses and symptoms in mid-adolescence and early adulthood. Contributing factors to risk of PD symptoms in at-risk offspring are discussed.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA. Electronic address: rega0026@umn.edu.
Kathryn R
KR
Cullen
Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Lynn E
LE
Eberly
Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Monika D
MD
Heller
Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Amanda
A
Schlesinger
National Institutes of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Phillip W
PW
Gold
National Institutes of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Pedro E
PE
Martinez
Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA.
Bonnie
B
Klimes-Dougan
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015984:Causality; D016241:Child of Impaired Parents / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders; D008875:Middle Aged; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D015995:Prevalence; D012306:Risk; D055815:Young Adult
Bipolar; Depression; Development; Familial risk; Mothers; Offspring; Personality disorders