The state of European nursing research: dead, alive, or chronically diseased? A systematic literature review.
BACKGROUND
Reviews of nursing research have suggested that most is descriptive; with no more than 15% providing strong evidence for practice. No studies have examined this from the perspective of nursing research conducted in Europe.


OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to review reports of European clinical nursing research in the top 20 nursing journals in 2010 to establish a baseline of nursing research activity in the year immediately prior to the launch of a European Science Foundation network to increase the proportion of intervention research in Europe.


METHODS
We identified eligible reports that were then data-extracted by two independent reviewers. Disagreements were resolved through pair discussion and independent arbitration. We appraised and synthesized topics, methods, and the extent to which studies were programmatic. We synthesized data as proportions of study reports meeting our a priori categorization criteria.


RESULTS
We identified 1995 published reports and included 223 from 21 European countries, of which 193 (86.6%) reported studies of primary research only, 30 (13.5%) secondary research, and three (1.4%) a mix of primary and secondary. Methodological description was often poor, misleading, or even absent. One hundred (44.8%) articles reported observational studies, 87 (39.0%) qualitative studies. We found 26 (11.7%) articles reporting experimental studies, 10 (4.5%) of which were randomized controlled trials. We found 29 (13.0%) reports located within a larger program of research. Seventy-six (34.1%) articles reported studies of nursing interventions.


CONCLUSIONS
European research in nursing reported in the leading nursing journals remains descriptive and poorly described. Only a third of research reports concerned nursing interventions, and a tiny proportion were part of a programmatic endeavor. Researchers in nursing must become better educated and skilled in developing, testing, evaluating, and reporting complex nursing interventions. Editors of nursing journals should insist on systematic reporting of research designs and methods in published articles.
Professor, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, United Kingdom.
David A
DA
Richards
Vania
V
Coulthard
Gunilla
G
Borglin
D015400:Clinical Nursing Research / Q000639:trends*; D005060:Europe; D055318:Evidence-Based Nursing / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D055811:Journal Impact Factor; D017712:Peer Review, Research / Q000639:trends; D036301:Qualitative Research
Europe; complex interventions; nursing research; research methods