Unconventional post-translational modifications in immunological signaling.
The activity of a cell is governed by the signals it receives from the extracellular milieu, which are 'translated' into the appropriate biological output, such as activation, survival, proliferation, migration or differentiation. Signaling pathways are responsible for converting environmental cues into discrete intracellular events. The alteration of existing proteins by post-translational modification (PTM) is a key feature of signal-transduction pathways that allows the modulation of protein function. Research into PTMs has long been dominated by the investigation of protein phosphorylation; other PTMs, such as methylation of lysine and arginine residues, acetylation, and nitrosylation of thiol groups and tyrosine residues, have received comparatively little attention. This Review aims to present an overview of these PTMs, with an emphasis on their role in cells of the immune system.
Department of Chemical Physiology and Department of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA.
Kerri A
KA
Mowen
1] Section of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. [2] Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
Michael
M
David
D000107:Acetylation; D000123:Acetyltransferases / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D006867:Hydrolases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D007107:Immune System / Q000276:immunology*; D008745:Methylation; D008780:Methyltransferases / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D000076342:Protein-Arginine Deiminases; D011484:Protein-Arginine N-Methyltransferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D053633:Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta / Q000276:immunology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology
D053633:Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta; D008780:Methyltransferases; D011484:Protein-Arginine N-Methyltransferases; C119966:coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1; D000123:Acetyltransferases; D006867:Hydrolases; D000076342:Protein-Arginine Deiminases