Metabolic control of dendritic cell activation and function: recent advances and clinical implications.
Dendritic cells (DCs) are key regulators of both immunity and tolerance by controlling activation and polarization of effector T helper cell and regulatory T cell responses. Therefore, there is a major focus on developing approaches to manipulate DC function for immunotherapy. It is well known that changes in cellular activation are coupled to profound changes in cellular metabolism. Over the past decade there is a growing appreciation that these metabolic changes also underlie the capacity of immune cells to perform particular functions. This has led to the concept that the manipulation of cellular metabolism can be used to shape innate and adaptive immune responses. While most of our understanding in this area has been gained from studies with T cells and macrophages, evidence is emerging that the activation and function of DCs are also dictated by the type of metabolism these cells commit to. We here discuss these new insights and explore whether targeting of metabolic pathways in DCs could hold promise as a novel approach to manipulate the functional properties of DCs for clinical purposes.
Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, MO , USA ; Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , Netherlands.
Bart
B
Everts
Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, MO , USA.
Edward J
EJ
Pearce
TLR signaling; glycolysis; immunogenic dendritic cells; immunotherapy; metabolism; mitochondria; oxidative phosphorylation; tolerogenic dendritic cells