German gynecologic societies investigating their Nazi past.
OBJECTIVE
Research into the activities of German medical specialist associations during the Nazi period is still in its initial stages even today. In the field of gynecology and obstetrics as well, most representatives of the discipline continued to take an attitude based on "concealment and forgetting", even after the turn of the millennium. In order to break with this approach, the Bavarian Society for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Bayerische Gesellschaft für Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde, BGGF) commissioned an interdisciplinary research group to focus on clarifying its Nazi past for the purposes of a history of the institution on the occasion of its centenary.


METHODS
The research was based on the Society's archive. When the files were found to show conspicuous gaps for the Nazi period, the investigation was extended into the role of BGGF representatives and members who were active at the time. In some cases, it was possible to draw on existing studies and to supplement the available information from additional archival sources.


RESULTS
It was found that the BGGF started at a very early stage to marginalize and ignore its "non-Aryan" members. No official decision to exclude such members was apparently taken, however. Many representatives and honorary members of the society were involved in promoting and carrying out eugenic sterilizations, simultaneously conducting abortions on some victims, and they at least shared responsibility for forced abortions among Ostarbeiterinnen ("Eastern workers", forced laborers from Eastern Europe). Accompanying unethical research that was mainly intended to garner academic prestige for the physicians involved was never discussed at the Society's conferences. Representatives of the Society who were substantially incriminated were able to continue their careers almost without interruption after 1945.
, Luitpoldstr. 17, 91054, Erlangen, Germany, wolfgang.frobenius@uk-erlangen.de.
Wolfgang
W
Frobenius
Annemarie
A
Kinzelbach
Christoph
C
Anthuber
Fritz
F
Dross
D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006176:Gynecology / Q000266:history*; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D028683:National Socialism / Q000266:history*; D010820:Physicians; D011247:Pregnancy; D012955:Societies, Medical / Q000266:history*; D013244:Sterilization, Involuntary / Q000266:history*