Recent advances in glycoprotein production for structural biology: toward tailored design of glycoforms.
Because of the complexity, heterogeneity, and flexibility of the glycans, the structural analysis of glycoproteins has been eschewed until recently, with a few prominent exceptions. This aversion may have branded structural biologists as glycophobics. However, recent technological advancements in glycoprotein expression systems, employing genetically engineered production vehicles derived from mammalian, insect, yeast, and even bacterial cells, have yielded encouraging breakthroughs. The major advance is the active control of glycoform expression of target glycoproteins based on the genetic manipulation of glycan biogenetic pathways, which was previously overlooked, abolished, or considered unmanageable. Moreover, synthetic and/or chemoenzymatic approaches now enable the preparation of glycoproteins with uniform glycoforms designed in a tailored fashion.
Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience and Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan.
Yukiko
Y
Kamiya
Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan; JST, PRESTO, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan.
Tadashi
T
Satoh
Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience and Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan; The Glycoscience Institute, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan; GLYENCE Co., Ltd., 2-22-8 Chikusa, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-0858, Japan. Electronic address: kkatonmr@ims.ac.jp.
Koichi
K
Kato
D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007553:Isotope Labeling; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D015202:Protein Engineering / Q000379:methods*
D006023:Glycoproteins