Determination of bisphenol A, triclosan and their metabolites in human urine using isotope-dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
Bisphenol A (BPA) and triclosan (TCS) are ubiquitous environmental phenols exhibiting endocrine disrupting activities that may be involved in various health disorders in humans. There is a need to measure separately free forms and conjugated metabolites because only the former are biologically active. We have developed sensitive methods using isotope-dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for individual measurements of free BPA and TCS as well as their metabolites, BPA glucuronide (BPAG), BPA monosulfate (BPAS), BPA disulfate (BPADS), TCS glucuronide (TCSG) and TCS sulfate (TCSS) in urine. Comparative analyses of urine samples from 46 volunteers living in the Quebec City area using the new methods and a GC-MS/MS method previously used in our laboratory revealed very strong correlations for total BPA (Spearman's rs=0.862, p<0.0001) and total TCS concentrations (rs=0.942, p<0.0001). Glucuronide metabolites were the most abundant BPA and TCS species in urine samples (>94% of total urinary concentrations). Unconjugated TCS concentrations represented a small proportion of total TCS species (median=1.6%) but its concentration was likely underestimated due to losses by adsorption to the surface of polypropylene tubes used for sample storage. To our knowledge, we are the first to report levels of free, sulfated and glucuronidated TCS levels in human urine.
Centre de toxicologie du Québec, Institut national de santé publique du Québec (INSPQ), 945 Wolfe, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 5B3.
Gilles
G
Provencher
Centre de toxicologie du Québec, Institut national de santé publique du Québec (INSPQ), 945 Wolfe, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 5B3.
René
R
Bérubé
Centre de toxicologie du Québec, Institut national de santé publique du Québec (INSPQ), 945 Wolfe, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 5B3.
Pierre
P
Dumas
Centre de toxicologie du Québec, Institut national de santé publique du Québec (INSPQ), 945 Wolfe, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 5B3.
Jean-François
JF
Bienvenu
Centre de toxicologie du Québec, Institut national de santé publique du Québec (INSPQ), 945 Wolfe, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 5B3.
Eric
E
Gaudreau
Centre de toxicologie du Québec, Institut national de santé publique du Québec (INSPQ), 945 Wolfe, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 5B3.
Patrick
P
Bélanger
Centre de toxicologie du Québec, Institut national de santé publique du Québec (INSPQ), 945 Wolfe, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 5B3; Axe Santé des populations et pratiques optimales en santé, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, 2875 boul. Laurier, Édifice Delta 2, Bureau 600, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 2M2; Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Université Laval, Pavillon Ferdinand-Vandry, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 0A6. Electronic address: pierre.ayotte@inspq.qc.ca.
Pierre
P
Ayotte
D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000652:urine*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000652:urine; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000652:urine; D020719:Glucuronides / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D007554:Isotopes / Q000737:chemistry; D010636:Phenols / Q000652:urine*; D013463:Sulfuric Acid Esters / Q000652:urine; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014260:Triclosan / Q000652:urine*; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D020719:Glucuronides; D007554:Isotopes; D010636:Phenols; D013463:Sulfuric Acid Esters; D014260:Triclosan; C574799:bisphenol A disulfate; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds; C512161:bisphenol A glucuronide; C006780:bisphenol A
Bisphenol A; Glucuronide metabolites; Human urine; Isotope dilution LC–MS/MS; Sulfate metabolites; Triclosan