Short- and long-term effects of maternal perinatal undernutrition are lowered by cross-fostering during lactation in the male rat.
Undernutrition exposure during the perinatal period reduces the growth kinetic of the offspring and sensitizes it to the development of chronic adult metabolic diseases both in animals and in humans. Previous studies have demonstrated that a 50% maternal food restriction performed during the last week of gestation and during lactation has both short- and long-term consequences in the male rat offspring. Pups from undernourished mothers present a decreased intrauterine (IUGR) and extrauterine growth restriction. This is associated with a drastic reduction in their leptin plasma levels during lactation, and exhibit programming of their stress neuroendocrine systems (corticotroph axis and sympatho-adrenal system) in adulthood. In this study, we report that perinatally undernourished 6-month-old adult animals demonstrated increased leptinemia (at PND200), blood pressure (at PND180), food intake (from PND28 to PND168), locomotor activity (PND187) and altered regulation of glycemia (PND193). Cross-fostering experiments indicate that these alterations were prevented in IUGR offspring nursed by control mothers during lactation. Interestingly, the nutritional status of mothers during lactation (ad libitum feeding v. undernutrition) dictates the leptin plasma levels in pups, consistent with decreased leptin concentration in the milk of mothers subjected to perinatal undernutrition. As it has been reported that postnatal leptin levels in rodent neonates may have long-term metabolic consequences, restoration of plasma leptin levels in pups during lactation may contribute to the beneficial effects of cross-fostering IUGR offspring to control mothers. Collectively, our data suggest that modification of milk components may offer new therapeutic perspectives to prevent the programming of adult diseases in offspring from perinatally undernourished mothers.
1 Environnement Périnatal et Croissance (EA4489), Université Lille-Nord de France, Equipe Dénutritions Maternelles Périnatales, SN4, Université de Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
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Wattez
1 Environnement Périnatal et Croissance (EA4489), Université Lille-Nord de France, Equipe Dénutritions Maternelles Périnatales, SN4, Université de Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
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Delahaye
3 Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Brazil.
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Barella
1 Environnement Périnatal et Croissance (EA4489), Université Lille-Nord de France, Equipe Dénutritions Maternelles Périnatales, SN4, Université de Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
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A
Dickes-Coopman
1 Environnement Périnatal et Croissance (EA4489), Université Lille-Nord de France, Equipe Dénutritions Maternelles Périnatales, SN4, Université de Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
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Montel
1 Environnement Périnatal et Croissance (EA4489), Université Lille-Nord de France, Equipe Dénutritions Maternelles Périnatales, SN4, Université de Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
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C
Breton
3 Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Brazil.
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P
Mathias
4 Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lactic acid Bacteria & Mucosal Immunity, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille 1, Lille, France.
B
B
Foligné
1 Environnement Périnatal et Croissance (EA4489), Université Lille-Nord de France, Equipe Dénutritions Maternelles Périnatales, SN4, Université de Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
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Lesage
1 Environnement Périnatal et Croissance (EA4489), Université Lille-Nord de France, Equipe Dénutritions Maternelles Périnatales, SN4, Université de Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
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Vieau
D000450:Aldosterone / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001823:Body Composition; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006339:Heart Rate; D007774:Lactation; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000150:complications; D011247:Pregnancy; D039401:Prenatal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013997:Time Factors; D014667:Vasopressins / Q000097:blood
D020738:Leptin; D014667:Vasopressins; D000450:Aldosterone; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor; D005947:Glucose