A cross-sectional analysis of candidate biomarkers of biological effect in smokers, never-smokers and ex-smokers.
BACKGROUND
Biomarkers of biological effect (BOBE) have been proposed as potential tools to assess tobacco product use, toxicity and disease risk.


OBJECTIVE
To determine if candidate BOBE can distinguish between smokers, never-smokers and former smokers.


METHODS
Biomarker levels were compared from 143 smokers, 61 never-smokers and 61 ex-smokers.


RESULTS
In total, 27 candidate biomarkers were assessed, 14 were significantly different between smokers and never-smokers (p < 0.01) and of these 14 biomarkers, 12 were able to distinguish between smokers and former smokers (p < 0.05), which indicates the potential for reversibility.


CONCLUSIONS
A total of 12 of 27 BOBE are potentially useful tools for future product assessment.
Group Research and Development, British American Tobacco (Investments) Ltd. , Southampton , UK.
Linsey E
LE
Haswell
Ermioni
E
Papadopoulou
Nik
N
Newland
Christopher J
CJ
Shepperd
Frazer J
FJ
Lowe
D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*; D003367:Cotinine / Q000032:analysis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000652:urine; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009538:Nicotine / Q000652:urine; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry; D012907:Smoking / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine*; D055815:Young Adult
D015415:Biomarkers; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein; C075750:8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha; D009538:Nicotine; D015237:Dinoprost; D003367:Cotinine
Biomarkers; COPD; cancer; cardiovascular disease; inflammation; oxidative stress; smoking; toxicant