Principles in the application of the hoffmann® apparatus for complex injuries of the upper extremity.
Fifteen patients with 13 closed and 13 open fractures in the upper extremity were treated with either the Hoffmann apparatus alone or a combination of internal and external fixation. Two patients required amputation for unreconstructable defects. Two asymptomatic nonunions of the distal ulna and one malunion of the distal radius occurred. There were no cases of osteomyelitis at the fracture sites or pin sites. Successful fracture healing in severe injuries was achieved by closely following the principles of fixation for primary or secondary bone healing, with early bone grafting for any osseous deficit and open wound treatment of contaminated fractures.
L M
LM
Lubbers
R B
RB
Lawyer
C R
CR
Coleman