The complete genome of Blastobotrys (Arxula) adeninivorans LS3 - a yeast of biotechnological interest.
BACKGROUND
The industrially important yeast Blastobotrys (Arxula) adeninivorans is an asexual hemiascomycete phylogenetically very distant from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Its unusual metabolic flexibility allows it to use a wide range of carbon and nitrogen sources, while being thermotolerant, xerotolerant and osmotolerant.


RESULTS
The sequencing of strain LS3 revealed that the nuclear genome of A. adeninivorans is 11.8 Mb long and consists of four chromosomes with regional centromeres. Its closest sequenced relative is Yarrowia lipolytica, although mean conservation of orthologs is low. With 914 introns within 6116 genes, A. adeninivorans is one of the most intron-rich hemiascomycetes sequenced to date. Several large species-specific families appear to result from multiple rounds of segmental duplications of tandem gene arrays, a novel mechanism not yet described in yeasts. An analysis of the genome and its transcriptome revealed enzymes with biotechnological potential, such as two extracellular tannases (Atan1p and Atan2p) of the tannic-acid catabolic route, and a new pathway for the assimilation of n-butanol via butyric aldehyde and butyric acid.


CONCLUSIONS
The high-quality genome of this species that diverged early in Saccharomycotina will allow further fundamental studies on comparative genomics, evolution and phylogenetics. Protein components of different pathways for carbon and nitrogen source utilization were identified, which so far has remained unexplored in yeast, offering clues for further biotechnological developments. In the course of identifying alternative microorganisms for biotechnological interest, A. adeninivorans has already proved its strengthened competitiveness as a promising cell factory for many more applications.
Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, Gatersleben D-06466, Germany.|Yeast Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, Gatersleben 06466, Germany.
Gotthard
G
Kunze
AgroParisTech, Micalis UMR 1319, CBAI, Thiverval-Grignon, F-78850, France.|INRA French National Institute for Agricultural Research, Micalis UMR 1319, CBAI, Thiverval-Grignon F-78850, France.
Claude
C
Gaillardin
Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 54, Krakow 31-425, Poland.
Małgorzata
M
Czernicka
LaBRI (UMR 5800 CNRS) and project-team Magnome INRIA Bordeaux Sud-Ouest, Talence F-33405, France.
Pascal
P
Durrens
LaBRI (UMR 5800 CNRS) and project-team Magnome INRIA Bordeaux Sud-Ouest, Talence F-33405, France.
Tiphaine
T
Martin
Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, Gatersleben D-06466, Germany.
Erik
E
Böer
Bioinformatics and Genomics Programme, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain.|Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona 08003, Spain.
Toni
T
Gabaldón
Université de Strasbourg, Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du CNRS, F-67084 Strasbourg, France.
Jose A
JA
Cruz
Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR 7283, Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, F-13402 Marseille, Cedex 20, France.
Emmanuel
E
Talla
CEA, Saclay Biology and Technologies Institute (iBiTec-S), Gif-sur-Yvette F-91191, France.
Christian
C
Marck
Université catholique de Louvain, Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Croix du Sud 5/15, Louvain-la-Neuve 1349, Belgium.
André
A
Goffeau
CEA, Institut de Génomique, Genoscope, 2 Rue Gaston Crémieux, Évry F-91000, France.
Valérie
V
Barbe
Université Catholique de Louvain, Earth and Life Institute (ELI), Louvain-la-Neuve 1348, Belgium.
Philippe
P
Baret
School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Keith
K
Baronian
Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, Gatersleben D-06466, Germany.
Sebastian
S
Beier
Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR7156, Strasbourg F-67000, France.
Claudine
C
Bleykasten
Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorffstraße 4, Greifswald D-17487, Germany.
Rüdiger
R
Bode
AgroParisTech, Micalis UMR 1319, CBAI, Thiverval-Grignon, F-78850, France.|INRA French National Institute for Agricultural Research, Micalis UMR 1319, CBAI, Thiverval-Grignon F-78850, France.
Serge
S
Casaregola
Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR7156, Strasbourg F-67000, France.
Laurence
L
Despons
Institut de Génétique et Microbiologie, Université Paris-Sud, UMR CNRS 8621, F- Orsay CEDEX 91405, France.
Cécile
C
Fairhead
Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, Gatersleben D-06466, Germany.
Martin
M
Giersberg
Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Protein Engineering, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, ul. Ks. Trojdena 4, Warsaw 02-109, Poland.
Przemysław Piotr
PP
Gierski
Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, Gatersleben D-06466, Germany.
Urs
U
Hähnel
Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, Gatersleben D-06466, Germany.
Anja
A
Hartmann
Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, Gatersleben D-06466, Germany.
Dagmara
D
Jankowska
CEA, Institut de Génomique, Genoscope, 2 Rue Gaston Crémieux, Évry F-91000, France.|CNRS UMR 8030, 2 Rue Gaston Crémieux, Évry F-91000, France.|Université d'Evry, Bd François Mitterand, Evry F-91025, France.
Claire
C
Jubin
Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR7156, Strasbourg F-67000, France.
Paul
P
Jung
Institut Pasteur, Université Pierre et Marie Curie UFR927, CNRS UMR 3525, F-75724 Paris-CEDEX 15, France.
Ingrid
I
Lafontaine
Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR7156, Strasbourg F-67000, France.
Véronique
V
Leh-Louis
Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5240, Villeurbanne F-69621, France.
Marc
M
Lemaire
Bioinformatics and Genomics Programme, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain.|Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona 08003, Spain.
Marina
M
Marcet-Houben
Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, Gatersleben D-06466, Germany.
Martin
M
Mascher
AgroParisTech, Micalis UMR 1319, CBAI, Thiverval-Grignon, F-78850, France.|INRA French National Institute for Agricultural Research, Micalis UMR 1319, CBAI, Thiverval-Grignon F-78850, France.
Guillaume
G
Morel
Institut Pasteur, Université Pierre et Marie Curie UFR927, CNRS UMR 3525, F-75724 Paris-CEDEX 15, France.
Guy-Franck
GF
Richard
Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, Gatersleben D-06466, Germany.
Jan
J
Riechen
Institut Pasteur, Université Pierre et Marie Curie UFR927, CNRS UMR 3525, F-75724 Paris-CEDEX 15, France.|Present address: École Normale Supérieure, Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), 46 rue d'Ulm, Paris F-75005, France.
Christine
C
Sacerdot
LaBRI (UMR 5800 CNRS) and project-team Magnome INRIA Bordeaux Sud-Ouest, Talence F-33405, France.
Anasua
A
Sarkar
LaBRI (UMR 5800 CNRS) and project-team Magnome INRIA Bordeaux Sud-Ouest, Talence F-33405, France.
Guilhem
G
Savel
Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR7156, Strasbourg F-67000, France.
Joseph
J
Schacherer
LaBRI (UMR 5800 CNRS) and project-team Magnome INRIA Bordeaux Sud-Ouest, Talence F-33405, France.
David J
DJ
Sherman
Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, Gatersleben D-06466, Germany.
Nils
N
Stein
Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR7156, Strasbourg F-67000, France.
Marie-Laure
ML
Straub
Institut Pasteur, Université Pierre et Marie Curie UFR927, CNRS UMR 3525, F-75724 Paris-CEDEX 15, France.
Agnès
A
Thierry
Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, Gatersleben D-06466, Germany.
Anke
A
Trautwein-Schult
CEA, Institut de Génomique, Genoscope, 2 Rue Gaston Crémieux, Évry F-91000, France.
Benoit
B
Vacherie
Université de Strasbourg, Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du CNRS, F-67084 Strasbourg, France.
Eric
E
Westhof
Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, Gatersleben D-06466, Germany.
Sebastian
S
Worch
Institut Pasteur, Université Pierre et Marie Curie UFR927, CNRS UMR 3525, F-75724 Paris-CEDEX 15, France.
Bernard
B
Dujon
Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR7156, Strasbourg F-67000, France.
Jean-Luc
JL
Souciet
CEA, Institut de Génomique, Genoscope, 2 Rue Gaston Crémieux, Évry F-91000, France.|CNRS UMR 8030, 2 Rue Gaston Crémieux, Évry F-91000, France.|Université d'Evry, Bd François Mitterand, Evry F-91025, France.
Patrick
P
Wincker
Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, Gatersleben D-06466, Germany.
Uwe
U
Scholz
AgroParisTech, Micalis UMR 1319, CBAI, Thiverval-Grignon, F-78850, France.|INRA French National Institute for Agricultural Research, Micalis UMR 1319, CBAI, Thiverval-Grignon F-78850, France.|INRA Institut Micalis UMR 1319, AgroParisTech, BIMLip, Avenue de Bretignières, Bât. CBAI, Thiverval-Grignon 78850, France.
Cécile
C
Neuvéglise
Biotechnology; Genome; Metabolism; Tannic acid; Yeast; n-butanol