Incarceration scapula: a new cause of scapular winging.
Scapular winging may occur with forceful marked internal rotation and hyperabduction of the upper extremity. Closed treatment has been demonstrated to be effective in the case of a 29-year-old man injured by a twisting force on the shoulder girdle. Although scapulothoracic dislocation and long thoracic nerve paralysis are far more common etiologies for scapular winging, extensive damage to periscapular muscles and ligaments can also cause this problem.
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