Regeneration of periosteum by human bone marrow stromal cell sheets.
OBJECTIVE
The presence of a functional periosteum accelerates healing in bone defects by providing a source of progenitor cells that aid in repair. We hypothesized that bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) sheets could be used to engineer functional periosteal tissues.


METHODS
BMSCs were cultured to hyperconfluence and produced sufficient extracellular matrix to form robust tissue sheets. The sheets were wrapped around calcium phosphate pellets and implanted subcutaneously in mice for 8 weeks. Histologic comparisons were made between calcium phosphate samples with and without BMSC sheet wraps. Bone and periosteum formation were analyzed through tissue morphology and tissue-specific protein expression.


RESULTS
Calcium phosphate pellets wrapped in BMSC sheets regenerated a bone-like tissue, but pellets lacking the cell sheet wrap did not. The bone-like tissue seen on the calcium phosphate scaffolds wrapped with the BMSC sheets was enclosed within a periosteum-like tissue characterized morphologically and through expression of periostin.


CONCLUSIONS
These data indicate that cell sheet technology has potential for regenerating a functional periosteum-like tissue that could aid in future orthopedic therapy.
Graduate Student Researcher, Department of Bioengineering and Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
Fatima N
FN
Syed-Picard
Dental Student, Center for Craniofacial Regeneration and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
Gaurav A
GA
Shah
Professor, Center for Craniofacial Regeneration and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, and McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA.
Bernard J
BJ
Costello
Professor, Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Departments of Bioengineering and Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh and McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA. Electronic address: csfeir@pitt.edu.
Charles
C
Sfeir
D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000032:analysis; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D003238:Connective Tissue / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000502:physiology; D005205:Fascia / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000098:blood supply; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology; D010011:Osteocytes / Q000166:cytology; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D010521:Periosteum / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D040521:Subcutaneous Tissue / Q000601:surgery; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry
D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; C082838:Postn protein, mouse; C018392:tricalcium phosphate