Bacterial detection: from microscope to smartphone.
The ubiquitous nature of bacteria enables them to survive in a wide variety of environments. Hence, the rise of various pathogenic species that are harmful to human health raises the need for the development of accurate sensing systems. Sensing systems are necessary for diagnosis and epidemiological control of pathogenic organism, especially in the food-borne pathogen and sanitary water treatment facility' bacterial populations. Bacterial sensing for the purpose of diagnosis can function in three ways: bacterial morphological visualization, specific detection of bacterial component and whole cell detection. This paper provides an overview of the currently available bacterial detection systems that ranges from microscopic observation to state-of-the-art smartphone-based detection.
Advanced Medical & Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200 Bertam, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia; Department of Oral Biology & Biomedical Sciences and OCRCC, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Electronic address: gopis11@gmail.com.
Subash C B
SC
Gopinath
Advanced Medical & Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200 Bertam, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia. Electronic address: tangth@amdi.usm.edu.my.
Thean-Hock
TH
Tang
Department of Oral Biology & Biomedical Sciences and OCRCC, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Yeng
Y
Chen
Advanced Medical & Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200 Bertam, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia.
Marimuthu
M
Citartan
Advanced Medical & Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200 Bertam, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia.
Thangavel
T
Lakshmipriya
D001419:Bacteria / Q000166:cytology* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D040421:Cell Phone; D003217:Conductometry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008853:Microscopy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
16S rRNA; Bacteria; Biosensor; Pathogen