Evaluation of four different analytical tools to determine the regional origin of Gastrodia elata and Rehmannia glutinosa on the basis of metabolomics study.
Chemical profiles of medicinal plants could be dissimilar depending on the cultivation environments, which may influence their therapeutic efficacy. Accordingly, the regional origin of the medicinal plants should be authenticated for correct evaluation of their medicinal and market values. Metabolomics has been found very useful for discriminating the origin of many plants. Choosing the adequate analytical tool can be an essential procedure because different chemical profiles with different detection ranges will be produced according to the choice. In this study, four analytical tools, Fourier transform near‑infrared spectroscopy (FT-NIR), 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H‑NMR), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) were applied in parallel to the same samples of two popular medicinal plants (Gastrodia elata and Rehmannia glutinosa) cultivated either in Korea or China. The classification abilities of four discriminant models for each plant were evaluated based on the misclassification rate and Q2 obtained from principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal projection to latent structures-discriminant analysis (OPLS‑DA), respectively. 1H-NMR and LC-MS, which were the best techniques for G. elata and R. glutinosa, respectively, were generally preferable for origin discrimination over the others. Reasoned by integrating all the results, 1H-NMR is the most prominent technique for discriminating the origins of two plants. Nonetheless, this study suggests that preliminary screening is essential to determine the most suitable analytical tool and statistical method, which will ensure the dependability of metabolomics-based discrimination.
College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea. dongqchicken@snu.ac.kr.
Dong-Kyu
DK
Lee
College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea. ddongq1989@snu.ac.kr.
Dong Kyu
DK
Lim
College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea. jafirst11@snu.ac.kr.
Jung A
JA
Um
College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea. limcj85@snu.ac.kr.
Chang Ju
CJ
Lim
College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea. vastgy88@snu.ac.kr.
Ji Yeon
JY
Hong
School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea. duddk1987@nate.com.
Young A
YA
Yoon
School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea. ryu.yeonsuk@gmail.com.
Yeonsuk
Y
Ryu
College of Pharmacy, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul 136-714, Korea. hyojkim@dongduk.ac.kr.
Hyo Jin
HJ
Kim
Korea Promotion Institute for Traditional Medicine Industry, Gyeongsan 712-260, Korea. choze@naver.com.
Hi Jae
HJ
Cho
College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea. hillpark@snu.ac.kr.
Jeong Hill
JH
Park
Department of Herbology, College of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon 300-716, Korea. genin@dju.kr.
Young Bae
YB
Seo
Department of Statistics, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 140-742, Korea. kyunga@sookmyung.ac.kr.
Kyunga
K
Kim
Department of Statistics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea. johanlim@snu.ac.kr.
Johan
J
Lim
College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea. swkwon@snu.ac.kr.
Sung Won
SW
Kwon
School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea. jlee0610@skku.edu.
Jeongmi
J
Lee
D002681:China; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D031668:Gastrodia / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D055432:Metabolomics; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D032267:Rehmannia / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared