Image-guided pediatric ureteric stent insertions: an 11-year experience.
OBJECTIVE
To report the technical success and complication rates for double J ureteric stent placements by interventional radiologists in children.


METHODS
A retrospective analysis of double J ureteric stents placed between January 2001 and December 2011 was conducted. Data collected included patient demographics, procedural details (indication, double J stent size, access approach, concurrent procedures), technical and functional success, tube dwell time, and procedure-related complications. Descriptive statistics were employed. Placement of 59 double J ureteric stents was attempted in 49 procedures performed on 35 pediatric patients (26 boys and 9 girls) with a mean age of 7.3 years (range, 22 d-17.9 y; median age, 4 y) and a mean weight of 22 kg (range, 2.5-70 kg).


RESULTS
There were 44 de novo double J stent insertion attempts: 20 one-stage procedures (17 anterograde, 3 retrograde through the urethra) and 24 two-stage anterograde procedures through an existing nephrostomy tube. There were 15 exchanges; 11 were anterograde, and 4 were retrograde (2 urethral, 2 Mitrofanoff). Of 49 procedures, 15 were performed as combined procedures with a urologist. Technical success was 95% (56 of 59), and primary functional success was 95% (53 of 56). Complications included two minor complications occurring during the procedure and four complications occurring after the procedure.


CONCLUSIONS
Image-guided insertion of a double J ureteric stent is an effective treatment for pediatric urologic obstructive conditions. The procedure is both technically and functionally successful in a high percentage of pediatric patients.
Image Guided Therapy, Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8.
Madeleine
M
Sertic
Image Guided Therapy, Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8.
Joao
J
Amaral
Image Guided Therapy, Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8.
Dimitri
D
Parra
Image Guided Therapy, Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8.
Michael
M
Temple
Image Guided Therapy, Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8. Electronic address: bairbre.connolly@sickkids.ca.
Bairbre
B
Connolly
D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010348:Patient Care Team; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D015641:Radiography, Interventional / Q000009:adverse effects; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015607:Stents; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014513:Ureter / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*