title: Na⁺-functionalized carbon quantum dots: a new draw solute in forward osmosis for seawater desalination.
abstract: A new type of biocompatible draw solute, Na(+)-functionalized carbon quantum dots (Na_CQDs) with ultra-small size and rich ionic species, in forward osmosis (FO) is developed for seawater desalination. The aqueous dispersion of Na_CQDs demonstrates a high osmotic pressure, which allows high FO water flux and negligible reverse solute permeation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585. chelxm@nus.edu.sg.
authors.forename: Chun Xian
authors.initials: CX
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Dieling
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Qipeng
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xianmao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lu