title: [Development and validity of workplace bullying in nursing-type inventory (WPBN-TI)].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument to assess bullying of nurses, and test the validity and reliability of the instrument.
  
  
  METHODS
  The initial thirty items of WPBN-TI were identified through a review of the literature on types bullying related to nursing and in-depth interviews with 14 nurses who experienced bullying at work. Sixteen items were developed through 2 content validity tests by 9 experts and 10 nurses. The final WPBN-TI instrument was evaluated by 458 nurses from five general hospitals in the Incheon metropolitan area. SPSS 18.0 program was used to assess the instrument based on internal consistency reliability, construct validity, and criterion validity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  WPBN-TI consisted of 16 items with three distinct factors (verbal and nonverbal bullying, work-related bullying, and external threats), which explained 60.3% of the total variance. The convergent validity and determinant validity for WPBN-TI were 100.0%, 89.7%, respectively. Known-groups validity of WPBN-TI was proven through the mean difference between subjective perception of bullying. The satisfied criterion validity for WPBN-TI was more than .70. The reliability of WPBN-TI was Cronbach's α of .91.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  WPBN-TI with high validity and reliability is suitable to determine types of bullying in nursing workplace.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, JEI University, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Younju
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Inha University, Incheon, Korea. mihyoung@inha.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Mihyoung
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D058445:Bullying; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000523:psychology*; D010555:Personality Inventory; D016730:Program Development; D015397:Program Evaluation; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017132:Workplace
keywords: Instrument development; Nurses; Workplace bullying