title: Temporal change of enhancement after gadolinium injection on contrast-enhanced CMR in reperfused acute myocardial infarction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A recent report demonstrated that early enhancement on contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance (CE-CMR) correlated with myocardial edema detected by T2-weighted CMR in reperfused acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, the time at which the enhancement in salvaged myocardium disappears is yet to be determined. We aimed to examine the time course of the enhancement with the use of different quantification techniques and to compare the extent of enhancement with the myocardial edema.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CE-CMR was performed at 2-20 min after gadolinium administration in 32 AMI patients. The extent of enhancement (% myocardium) was quantified by manual delineation and the threshold methods of 2-5 SDs above remote myocardium. In subendocardial infarct, the enhancement was greatest at 2 min regardless of the quantification techniques and decreased with time, particularly in the first 6 min. In transmural infarct, the change in the size of enhancement was modest although the time course of enhancement varied according to the quantification techniques. The sizes of enhancement were not significantly different between 15 and 20 min regardless of the techniques and infarct transmurality. The best agreement with myocardial edema was found at 2 min with average differences of 0.5% and -1.2% and limits of agreement of ±20.2% and ±21.2% for the manual and 2-SD techniques, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The optimal timing for delineation of salvaged myocardium on CE-CMR is at 2min when the manual or 2-SD technique was employed. Imaging needs to be completed in a short time (ideally within a minute) because of rapid reduction of enhancement in salvaged myocardium.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Center, Rakuwakai Otowa Hospital, Kyoto, Japan. Electronic address: matsumoto.hidenari@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Hidenari
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Systems Science, Kyoto University Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiological Technology, Rakuwakai Otowa Hospital, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of General Medicine, Nara City Hospital, Nara, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Center, Rakuwakai Otowa Hospital, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Shunpei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ushimaru
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Center, Rakuwakai Otowa Hospital, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Mikiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mikuri
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Center, Rakuwakai Otowa Hospital, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Taketoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D004487:Edema; D005260:Female; D005682:Gadolinium / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015424:Reperfusion; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D005682:Gadolinium
keywords: Acute myocardial infarction; Area at risk; Early contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging; Late contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging; Myocardial salvage