title: Garlic essential oil protects against obesity-triggered nonalcoholic fatty liver disease through modulation of lipid metabolism and oxidative stress.
abstract: This study investigated the protective properties of garlic essential oil (GEO) and its major organosulfur component (diallyl disulfide, DADS) against the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). C57BL/6J mice were fed a normal or high-fat diet (HFD) with/without GEO (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) or DADS (10 and 20 mg/kg) for 12 weeks. GEO and DADS dose-dependently exerted antiobesity and antihyperlipidemic effects by reducing HFD-induced body weight gain, adipose tissue weight, and serum biochemical parameters. Administration of 50 and 100 mg/kg GEO and 20 mg/kg DADS significantly decreased the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in liver, accompanied by elevated antioxidant capacity via inhibition of cytochrome P450 2E1 expression during NAFLD development. The anti-NAFLD effects of GEO and DADS were mediated through down-regulation of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase, as well as stimulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1. These results demonstrate that GEO and DADS dose-dependently protected obese mice with long-term HFD-induced NAFLD from lipid accumulation, inflammation, and oxidative damage by ameliorating lipid metabolic disorders and oxidative stress. The dose of 20 mg/kg DADS was equally as effective in preventing NAFLD as 50 mg/kg GEO containing the same amount of DADS, which demonstrates that DADS may be the main bioactive component in GEO.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Syuan
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Wei-Cheng
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chi-Tang
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Kuan-Hung
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Shih-Hang
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Hui-Chun
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.forename: Shuw-Yuan
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Lee-Yan
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Sheen
mesh_terms: D000103:Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000214:Acyl Coenzyme A / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D005737:Garlic / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D051780:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000214:Acyl Coenzyme A; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010938:Plant Oils; D020011:Protective Agents; D051780:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1; C008047:3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A; D000103:Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase