title: Lateralization and localization of epilepsy related hemodynamic foci using presurgical fMRI.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to develop a method for the purpose of localizing epilepsy related hemodynamic foci for patients suffering intractable focal epilepsy using task-free fMRI alone.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied three groups of subjects: patients with intractable focal epilepsy, healthy volunteers performing motor tasks, and healthy volunteers in resting state. We performed spatial independent component analysis (ICA) on the fMRI alone data and developed a set of IC selection criteria to identify epilepsy related ICs. The method was then tested in the two healthy groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In seven out of the nine surgery patients, identified ICs were concordant with surgical resection. Our results were also consistent with presurgical evaluation of the remaining one patient without surgery and may explain why she was not suitable for resection treatment. In the motor task study of ten healthy subjects, our method revealed components with concordant spatial and temporal features as expected from the unilateral motor tasks. In the resting state study of seven healthy subjects, the method successfully rejected all components in four out of seven subjects as non-epilepsy related components.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest the lateralization and localization value of fMRI alone in presurgical evaluation for patients with intractable unilateral focal epilepsy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The proposed method is noninvasive in nature and easy to implement. It has the potential to be incorporated in current presurgical workup for treating intractable focal epilepsy patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: Clara Huishi
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: Yunfeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, USA; Mayo Systems Electrophysiology Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, USA.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Brinkmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, USA.
authors.forename: Kirk
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Welker
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, USA; Mayo Systems Electrophysiology Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, USA.
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Worrell
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, USA; Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of Minnesota, USA. Electronic address: binhe@umn.edu.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: He
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Default mode network; Epilepsy; ICA; Lateralization; fMRI