title: Clinical features of hyperadrenergic postural tachycardia syndrome in children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hyperadrenergic postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is the main phenotype of POTS. The aim of this study was to present our single-center experience of hyperadrenergic POTS in children and adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-seven patients who met the diagnostic criteria for POTS were enrolled in our study. Their orthostatic serum norepinephrine levels were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. In a retrospective analysis, based on clinical and serum norepinephrine criteria, we analyzed the clinical features of POTS cases between the POTS-alone group and the hyperadrenergic POTS group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nineteen patients (51.35%) met the diagnostic criteria for hyperadrenergic POTS and 18 patients were assigned to the POTS-alone group. Compared with the POTS-alone patients, dizziness, headache and tremulousness were more frequent in patients with hyperadrenergic POTS (P < 0.05). During the tilt table test, children with hyperadrenergic POTS had a greater increment of systolic blood pressure and heart rate than POTS-alone patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with hyperadrenergic POTS should be identified and differentiated from those with neuropathic POTS. Hyperadrenergic POTS in children and adolescents should be considered when POTS patients suffer from frequent dizziness, headache, and tremulousness. In head-up tilt testing, children and adolescents with hemodynamic characteristics of hyperadrenergic POTS had greater increments of systolic blood pressure and heart rate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Qingyou
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Langfang Municipal People's Hospital, Langfang, Hebei, China.
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jiawei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Junbao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Du
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000308:Adrenocortical Hyperfunction / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D054972:Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D009638:Norepinephrine
keywords: children; hyperadrenergic; postural tachycardia syndrome