title: Novel injectable biomaterials for bone augmentation based on isosorbide dimethacrylic monomers.
abstract: Drawbacks with the commonly used PMMA-based bone cements, such as an excessive elastic modulus and potentially toxic residual monomer content, motivate the development of alternative cements. In this work an attempt to prepare an injectable biomaterial based on isosorbide-alicyclic diol derived from renewable resources was presented. Two novel dimethacrylic monomers ISDGMA - 2,5-bis(2-hydroxy-3-methacryloyloxypropoxy)-1,4:3,6-dianhydro-sorbitol and ISETDMA - dimethacrylate of ethoxylated isosorbide were synthesized and used to prepare a series of low-viscosity compositions comprising bioactive nano-sized hydroxyapatite in the form of a two-paste system. Formulations exhibited a non-Newtonian shear-thinning behavior, setting times between 2.6 min and 5.3 min at 37°C and maximum curing temperatures of 65°C. Due to the hydrophilic nature of ISDGMA, cured compositions could absorb up to 13.6% water and as a result the Young's modulus decreased from 1,429 MPa down to 470 MPa. Both, poly(ISDGMA) and poly(ISETDMA) were subjected to a MTT study on mice fibroblasts (BALB/3T3) and gave relative cell viabilities above 70% of control. A selected model bone cement was additionally investigated using human osteosarcoma cells (SaOS-2) in an MTS test, which exhibited concentration-dependent cell viability. The preliminary results, presented in this work reveal the potential of two novel dimethacrylic monomers in the preparation of an injectable biomaterial for bone augmentation, which could overcome some of the drawbacks typical for conventional acrylic bone cement.
authors.affiliation: Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, ul. M. Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland. Electronic address: Jan.Lukaszczyk@polsl.pl.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lukaszczyk
authors.affiliation: Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, ul. M. Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
authors.forename: Bartosz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Janicki
authors.affiliation: Uppsala University, Department of Engineering Sciences, Division of Applied Materials Science, The Ångström Laboratory, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: López
authors.affiliation: Celther Poland Sp. z o.o., ul. Ostrzykowizna 14A, 05-170 Zakroczym, Poland.
authors.forename: Karolina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Skołucka
authors.affiliation: PCC Rokita SA, ul. Sienkiewicza 4, 56-120 Brzeg Dolny, Poland.
authors.forename: Henryk
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wojdyła
authors.affiliation: Uppsala University, Department of Engineering Sciences, Division of Applied Materials Science, The Ångström Laboratory, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Persson
authors.affiliation: Celther Poland Sp. z o.o., ul. Ostrzykowizna 14A, 05-170 Zakroczym, Poland.
authors.forename: Sylwester
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Piaskowski
authors.affiliation: Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, ul. M. Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Smiga-Matuszowicz
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D001843:Bone Cements / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007547:Isosorbide / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001843:Bone Cements; D008689:Methacrylates; C008384:methacrylic acid; D017886:Durapatite; D007547:Isosorbide
keywords: Biomaterials; Dimethacrylic monomers; Isosorbide