title: Oral transmucosal drug delivery--current status and future prospects.
abstract: Oral transmucosal drug delivery (OTDD) dosage forms have been available since the 1980s. In contrast to the number of actives currently delivered locally to the oral cavity, the number delivered as buccal or sublingual formulations remains relatively low. This is surprising in view of the advantages associated with OTDD, compared with conventional oral drug delivery. This review examines a number of aspects related to OTDD including the anatomy of the oral cavity, models currently used to study OTDD, as well as commercially available formulations and emerging technologies. The limitations of current methodologies to study OTDD are considered as well as recent publications and new approaches which have advanced our understanding of this route of drug delivery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1 N 1AX, United Kingdom; Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq.
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sattar
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1 N 1AX, United Kingdom; Pharmaceutics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni Suef University, P.O. Box 62514, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ossama M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Sayed
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1 N 1AX, United Kingdom. Electronic address: majella.lane@btinternet.com.
authors.forename: Majella E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Lane
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D009055:Mouth / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D065568:Oral Mucosal Absorption / Q000187:drug effects*; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations
keywords: Buccal; Formulations; Models; Oral transmucosal drug delivery; Sublingual