title: Associations of nm23H1, VEGF-C, and VEGF-3 receptor in human prostate cancer.
abstract: We studied the expression of the non-metastatic clone 23 type 1 (nm23H1) gene, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C, and its receptor VEGFR-3 using an in situ hybridization technique and immunohistochemical analyses with prostate cancer tissues and adjacent benign tissues of 52 human archival cases. The association between VEGF-C expression, microlymphatic count (MLC), and staining intensity for nm23H1 and VEGFR-3 was used to evaluate tumor metastasis and survival rate. MLC values were significantly higher in tumorous tissue than in non-cancerous tissue. VEGF-C mRNA, VEGFR-3, and nm23H1 were highly expressed in tumorous tissue. VEGFR-3 expression was greater in VEGF-C mRNA-positive tumors than in VEGF-C mRNA-negative tumors. The association of VEGFR-3 expression with VEGF-C mRNA and MLC suggested that the poor prognosis and tumor metastasis associated with VEGFR-3 expression may be due, in part, to its role in promoting angiogenesis. VEGF-C expression was significantly associated with tumor lymphangiogenesis, angiogenesis, and immune response as a potent multifunctional stimulating factor in prostate cancer. Expression of nm23H1 was significantly inversely correlated with lymph node metastasis. Furthermore, there was a strong negative correlation between the expression of nm23H1, VEGF-C mRNA, and MLC. These findings provide important information for prophylactic, diagnostic, and therapeutic strategies for prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Engineering Research Centers of Marine Organism Medical Products, Medical College of Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China.
authors.forename: Zui-Su
authors.initials: ZS
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Engineering Research Centers of Marine Organism Medical Products, Medical College of Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China.
authors.forename: Yin-Feng
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Engineering Research Centers of Marine Organism Medical Products, Medical College of Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China.
authors.forename: Fang-Fang
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Engineering Research Centers of Marine Organism Medical Products, Medical College of Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China. dinggf2007@163.com.
authors.forename: Guo-Fang
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Ding
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D054778:NM23 Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000378:metabolism; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D015996:Survival Rate; D042582:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D040321:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D054778:NM23 Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinases; D042582:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C; D040321:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-3