title: Assessment of the risk of exposure to cadmium and lead as a result of the consumption of low-fat dairy products by expectant and lactating women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The study aimed to assess the risk related to consumption of low-fat dairy products by expectant and lactating women.
  
  
  METHODS
  A survey was used to verify the popularity of such products among expectant and lactating women and then the content of Cd and Pb in low-fat dairy products was determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the group of expectant women consuming dairy products, nearly 93% of the respondents consumed low-fat dairy products, while among lactating women the result was 90%. Both the expectant and lactating women mostly preferred milk and fruit yoghurt. It was found that the studied low-fat products did not contain more Cd and Pb than their standard counterparts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Taking into account the intake of low-fat milk and dairy products declared by respondents, such products must be regarded safe in terms of Cd and Pb content. The maximum supply of Cd and Pb for both groups of women did not exceed 3% TWI and 2% BMDL10.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bromatology and Food Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Winiarska-Mieczan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001942:Breast Feeding; D002104:Cadmium / Q000032:analysis*; D003611:Dairy Products / Q000032:analysis*; D018752:Diet, Fat-Restricted / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis*; D011044:Poland; D011247:Pregnancy; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002104:Cadmium; D007854:Lead