title: Evaluation and treatment of cryptorchidism: AUA guideline.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cryptorchidism is one of the most common pediatric disorders of the male endocrine glands and the most common genital disorder identified at birth. This guideline is intended to provide physicians and non-physician providers (primary care and specialists) with a consensus of principles and treatment plans for the management of cryptorchidism (typically isolated non-syndromic).
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic review and meta-analysis of the published literature was conducted using controlled vocabulary supplemented with key words relating to the relevant concepts of cryptorchidism. The search strategy was developed and executed by reference librarians and methodologists to create an evidence report limited to English-language, published peer-reviewed literature. This review yielded 704 articles published from 1980 through 2013 that were used to form a majority of the guideline statements. Clinical Principles and Expert Opinions were used for guideline statements lacking sufficient evidence-based data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Guideline statements were created to inform clinicians on the proper methods of history-taking, physical exam, and evaluation of the boy with cryptorchidism, as well as the various hormonal and surgical treatment options.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Imaging for cryptorchidism is not recommended prior to referral, which should occur by 6 months of age. Orchidopexy (orchiopexy is the preferred term) is the most successful therapy to relocate the testis into the scrotum, while hormonal therapy is not recommended. Successful scrotal repositioning of the testis may reduce but does not prevent the potential long-term issues of infertility and testis cancer. Appropriate counseling and follow-up of the patient is essential.
authors.affiliation: American Urological Assocation Education and Research, Inc., Linthicum, Maryland.
authors.forename: Thomas F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Kolon
authors.affiliation: American Urological Assocation Education and Research, Inc., Linthicum, Maryland.
authors.forename: C D Anthony
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Herndon
authors.affiliation: American Urological Assocation Education and Research, Inc., Linthicum, Maryland.
authors.forename: Linda A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.affiliation: American Urological Assocation Education and Research, Inc., Linthicum, Maryland.
authors.forename: Laurence S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Baskin
authors.affiliation: American Urological Assocation Education and Research, Inc., Linthicum, Maryland.
authors.forename: Cheryl G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Baxter
authors.affiliation: American Urological Assocation Education and Research, Inc., Linthicum, Maryland.
authors.forename: Earl Y
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: American Urological Assocation Education and Research, Inc., Linthicum, Maryland.
authors.forename: Mireya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Diaz
authors.affiliation: American Urological Assocation Education and Research, Inc., Linthicum, Maryland.
authors.forename: Peter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: American Urological Assocation Education and Research, Inc., Linthicum, Maryland.
authors.forename: Carl J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Seashore
authors.affiliation: American Urological Assocation Education and Research, Inc., Linthicum, Maryland.
authors.forename: Gregory E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Tasian
authors.affiliation: American Urological Assocation Education and Research, Inc., Linthicum, Maryland.
authors.forename: Julia S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Barthold
mesh_terms: D003456:Cryptorchidism / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male
keywords: cryptorchidism; hormone; infertility; testis cancer; undescended testis