title: Observed macro- and micro-level parenting behaviors during preadolescent family interactions as predictors of adjustment in emerging adults with and without spina bifida.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine observed autonomy-promoting and -inhibiting parenting behaviors during preadolescence as predictors of adjustment outcomes in emerging adults with and without spina bifida (SB).
  
  
  METHODS
  Demographic and videotaped interaction data were collected from families with 8/9-year-old children with SB (n = 68) and a matched group of typically developing youth (n = 68). Observed interaction data were coded with macro- and micro-coding schemes. Measures of emerging adulthood adjustment were collected 10 years later (ages 18/19 years; n = 50 and n = 60 for SB and comparison groups, respectively).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Autonomy-promoting (behavioral control, autonomy-relatedness) and -inhibiting (psychological control) observed preadolescent parenting behaviors prospectively predicted emerging adulthood adjustment, particularly within educational, social, and emotional domains. Interestingly, high parent undermining of relatedness predicted better educational and social adjustment in the SB sample
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Parenting behaviors related to autonomy have long-term consequences for adjustment in emerging adults with and without SB.
authors.affiliation: Psychology Department, Loyola University Chicago, Clinical Child Psychology Program, University of Kansas, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, and Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University cmurray3@luc.edu.
authors.forename: Caitlin B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.affiliation: Psychology Department, Loyola University Chicago, Clinical Child Psychology Program, University of Kansas, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, and Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University.
authors.forename: Christina M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Amaro
authors.affiliation: Psychology Department, Loyola University Chicago, Clinical Child Psychology Program, University of Kansas, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, and Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University.
authors.forename: Katie A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Devine
authors.affiliation: Psychology Department, Loyola University Chicago, Clinical Child Psychology Program, University of Kansas, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, and Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University.
authors.forename: Alexandra M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Psihogios
authors.affiliation: Psychology Department, Loyola University Chicago, Clinical Child Psychology Program, University of Kansas, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, and Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University.
authors.forename: Lexa K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.affiliation: Psychology Department, Loyola University Chicago, Clinical Child Psychology Program, University of Kansas, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, and Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University.
authors.forename: Grayson N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Holmbeck
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D054541:Family Conflict / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology*; D026684:Personal Autonomy; D012016:Reference Values; D012648:Self Care / Q000523:psychology; D012917:Social Adjustment; D016135:Spinal Dysraphism / Q000523:psychology*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: autonomy; emerging adulthood; observational methods; parenting; spina bifida