title: A monitoring and feedback tool embedded in a counselling protocol to increase physical activity of patients with COPD or type 2 diabetes in primary care: study protocol of a three-arm cluster randomised controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Physical activity is important for a healthy lifestyle. Although physical activity can delay complications and decrease the burden of the disease, the level of activity of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2) is often far from optimal. To stimulate physical activity, a monitoring and feedback tool, consisting of an accelerometer linked to a smart phone and webserver (It's LiFe! tool), and a counselling protocol for practice nurses in primary care was developed (the Self-management Support Program). The main objective of this study is to measure the longitudinal effects of this counselling protocol and the added value of using the tool.
  
  
  METHODS
  This three-armed cluster randomised controlled trial with 120 participants with COPD and 120 participants with DM2 (aged 40-70), compares the counselling protocol with and without the use of the tool (group 1 and 2) with usual care (group 3). Recruitment takes place at GP practices in the southern regions of the Netherlands. Randomisation takes place at the practice level. The intended sample (three arms of 8 practices) powers the study to detect a 10-minute difference of moderate and intense physical activity per day between groups 1 and 3. Participants in the intervention groups have to visit the practice nurse 3-4 times for physical activity counselling, in a 4-6-month period. Specific activity goals tailored to the individual patient's preferences and needs will be set. In addition, participants in group 1 will be instructed to use the tool in daily life. The primary outcome, physical activity, will be measured in all groups with a physical activity monitor (PAM). Secondary outcomes are quality of life, general - and exercise - self-efficacy, and health status. Follow-up will take place after 6 and 9 months. Separately, a process evaluation will be conducted to explore reasons for trial non-participation, and the intervention's acceptability for participating patients and nurses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results of this study will give insight into the effects of the It's LiFe! monitoring and feedback tool combined with care from a practice nurse for people with COPD or DM2 on physical activity.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01867970.
authors.affiliation: School for Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands. r.verwey@maastrichtuniversity.nl.
authors.forename: Renée
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Verwey
authors.forename: Sanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: van der Weegen
authors.forename: Marieke
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Spreeuwenberg
authors.forename: Huibert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tange
authors.forename: Trudy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: van der Weijden
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: de Witte
mesh_terms: D061725:Accelerometry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D040421:Cell Phone; D003376:Counseling; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D015444:Exercise; D005246:Feedback; D005260:Female; D058006:General Practice; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D012107:Research Design