title: Postprandial inflammation is not associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy lean men.
abstract: The consumption of lipids and simple sugars induces an inflammatory response whose exact molecular trigger remains elusive. The aims of the present study were to investigate (1) whether inflammation induced by a single high-energy, high-fat meal (HFM) is associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and (2) whether these inflammatory and ERS responses could be prevented by the chemical chaperone ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). A total of ten healthy lean men were recruited to a randomised, blind, cross-over trial. Subjects were given two doses of placebo (lactose) or UDCA before the consumption of a HFM (6151 kJ; 47·4 % lipids). Blood was collected at baseline and 4 h after the HFM challenge. Cell populations and their activation were analysed using flow cytometry, and plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines were assessed by ELISA and Luminex technology. Gene expression levels of inflammatory and ERS markers were analysed in CD14⁺ and CD14⁻ PBMC using quantitative RT-PCR. The HFM induced an increase in the mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, 2·1-fold; IL-8, 2·4-fold; TNF-α, 1·4-fold; monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, 2·1-fold) and a decrease in the expression levels of miR181 (0·8-fold) in CD14⁺ monocytes. The HFM challenge did not up-regulate the expression of ERS markers (XBP1, HSPA5, EDEM1, DNAJC3 and ATF4) in either CD14⁺ or CD14⁻ cell populations, except for ATF3 (2·3-fold). The administration of UDCA before the consumption of the HFM did not alter the HFM-induced change in the expression levels of ERS or inflammatory markers. In conclusion, HFM-induced inflammation detectable on the level of gene expression in PBMC was not associated with the concomitant increase in the expression levels of ERS markers and could not be prevented by UDCA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sport Medicine,Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Ruská 87,100 00,Prague 10,Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kračmerová
authors.affiliation: Department of Sport Medicine,Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Ruská 87,100 00,Prague 10,Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Czudková
authors.affiliation: Department of Sport Medicine,Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Ruská 87,100 00,Prague 10,Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koc
authors.affiliation: Department of Sport Medicine,Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Ruská 87,100 00,Prague 10,Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mališová
authors.affiliation: Department of Sport Medicine,Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Ruská 87,100 00,Prague 10,Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Michaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Šiklová
authors.affiliation: Department of Sport Medicine,Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Ruská 87,100 00,Prague 10,Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Vladimír
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Štich
authors.affiliation: Department of Sport Medicine,Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Ruská 87,100 00,Prague 10,Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Lenka
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rossmeislová
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity / Q000187:drug effects; D000328:Adult; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D002756:Cholagogues and Choleretics / Q000494:pharmacology; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000091342:Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; D059865:Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D002149:Energy Intake; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006963:Hyperphagia / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000187:drug effects; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D062407:Meals; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000378:metabolism; D019518:Postprandial Period; D014580:Ursodeoxycholic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D002756:Cholagogues and Choleretics; D016207:Cytokines; D000091342:Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; C000717247:HSPA5 protein, human; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; C540193:MIrn181 microRNA, human; D035683:MicroRNAs; D014580:Ursodeoxycholic Acid