title: Cumulative effects of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and chronic kidney disease on carotid atherosclerosis in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: AIMS. The aim of this study is to determine the extent of carotid atherosclerosis in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes in relation to the cumulative atherosclerosis risk factors using ultrasonography. METHODS. The presence of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) was documented in 106 Chinese subjects with type 2 diabetes. Subjects with 0, 1, and ≥2 additional atherosclerosis risk factors were assigned into groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively (n = 17, 49, and 40, resp.). Using ultrasound, the carotid arteries were assessed for the presence of carotid plaque, plaque score, intima-media thickness (IMT), and carotid arterial stiffness. RESULTS. With the adjustment for age and gender, the presence of plaque and plaque score were significantly higher in groups with more atherosclerosis risk factors (P < 0.05). In addition, age > 60 years old (odds ratio = 2.75; 95% CI: 1.26-6.0) and the presence of hypertension (odds ratio = 2.48; 95% CI: 1.11-5.58), dyslipidemia (odds ratio = 2.41; 95% CI: 1.05-5.51), and CKD (odds ratio = 7.80; 95% CI: 1.46-41.72) could independently predict higher plaque score (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS. Hypertension, dyslipidemia, and CKD in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes have cumulative effects on the burden of carotid plaque.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Chuang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Christopher W K
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Lawrence W C
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Meyrick
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6826-1539
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chow
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Helen K W
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Law
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ying
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D059289:Vascular Stiffness