title: Process controls for improving bioleaching performance of both Li and Co from spent lithium ion batteries at high pulp density and its thermodynamics and kinetics exploration.
abstract: Release of Co and Li from spent lithium ion batteries (LIBs) by bioleaching has attracted growing attentions. However, the pulp density was only 1% or lower, meaning that a huge quantity of media was required for bioleaching. In this work, bioleaching behavior of the spent LIBs at pulp densities ranging from 1% to 4% was investigated and process controls to improve bioleaching performance at pulp density of 2% were explored. The results showed that the pulp density exerted a considerable influence on leaching performance of Co and Li. The bioleaching efficiency decreased respectively from 52% to 10% for Co and from 80% to 37% for Li when pulp density rose from 1% to 4%. However, the maximum extraction efficiency of 89% for Li and 72% for Co was obtained at pulp density of 2% by process controls. Bioleaching of the spent LIBs has much greater potential to occur than traditional chemical leaching based on thermodynamics analysis. The product layer diffusion model described best bioleaching behavior of Co and Li.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China; School of Petroleum and Environment Engineering, Yanan University, Yanan 716000, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhirui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China.
authors.forename: Yikan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China. Electronic address: xinbaoping@bit.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Baoping
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xin
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China.
authors.forename: Shi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China.
authors.forename: Changhao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China.
authors.forename: Yuping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D056450:Alicyclobacillus / Q000378:metabolism; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D003035:Cobalt / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D011211:Electric Power Supplies; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007700:Kinetics; D008094:Lithium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D012037:Refuse Disposal / Q000379:methods*; D013696:Temperature; D013816:Thermodynamics
chemical_list: D003035:Cobalt; D008094:Lithium
keywords: Bioleaching; Co and Li; High pulp density; Recovery of valuable metals; Spent lithium ion batteries