title: Adaptation and attenuation of duck Tembusu virus strain Du/CH/LSD/110128 following serial passage in chicken embryos.
abstract: Duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV) is a newly emerging pathogenic flavivirus that has caused massive economic losses to the duck industry in China. In the current study, a virulent strain of DTMUV, designated Du/CH/LSD/110128, was isolated from the livers of diseased ducks and attenuated by serial passage in embryonated chicken eggs. The virus was partially attenuated after 50 and 70 passages and was fully attenuated after 90 passages, based on mortality and morbidity rates and viral loads in inoculated ducklings. Fourteen amino acid substitutions were observed in the capsid, prM, envelope, NS1, NS3, NS4A, NS4B, and NS5 proteins of the fully attenuated strain of Du/CH/LSD/110128, which might be responsible for the observed changes in replication and pathogenicity. A 72-nucleotide deletion was also observed in the 3' untranslated region of the virus after 30 passages. The fully attenuated virus retained the immunogenicity of the parental strain, providing effective protection to challenge with virulent Du/CH/LSD/110128, and may represent a suitable candidate as a vaccine strain against DTMUV infection in ducks. Our results also lay the foundation for future studies on the replication and pathogenic mechanisms of DTMUV.
authors.affiliation: Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yunxia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zongxi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China xgkong@hvri.ac.cn swliu@hvri.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Xiangang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China xgkong@hvri.ac.cn swliu@hvri.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Shengwang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions / Q000235:genetics; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D001483:Base Sequence; D002642:Chick Embryo; D004372:Ducks / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D005416:Flavivirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D018177:Flavivirus Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D020365:RNA Helicases / Q000235:genetics; D017423:Sequence Analysis, RNA; D017384:Sequence Deletion / Q000235:genetics; D012692:Serial Passage / Q000379:methods; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000235:genetics; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000276:immunology*; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D019562:Viral Load / Q000276:immunology; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000235:genetics; D043583:Nucleoside-Triphosphatase; D053487:DEAD-box RNA Helicases; D000085242:Viral Proteases
chemical_list: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D000956:Antigens, Viral; D020365:RNA Helicases; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins; D014765:Viral Vaccines; C100315:NS1 protein, Flavivirus; C060028:NS3 protein, flavivirus; D043583:Nucleoside-Triphosphatase; D053487:DEAD-box RNA Helicases; D000085242:Viral Proteases; C080106:NS4A protein, flavivirus; C080107:NS4B protein, flavivirus; C096041:NS5 protein, flavivirus; C074932:prM protein, Flavivirus