title: Echocardiography for patent ductus arteriosus including closure in adults.
abstract: Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) represents at least 5-10% of all congenital heart defects (CHDs) making it a very important commonly diagnosed lesion. Although spontaneous closure of the PDA occurs within 24 to 48 hours after birth in the majority, those children who do not have natural or surgical closure may have a persistent PDA into adulthood. The diagnosis is most often confirmed by echocardiography that also guides catheter-based interventions and surgeries. Echocardiography continues to be the most important tool in long-term follow-up of residua and sequelae.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Division, CMOB 308, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Panorama City, California.
authors.forename: Reema
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chugh
authors.forename: Morris M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Salem
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000379:methods*; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D004374:Ductus Arteriosus, Patent / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler / Q000379:methods*; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: cardiovascular diseases; congenital heart defects; congenital heart disease; transcatheter closure; transesophageal echocardiography; transthoracic echocardiography