title: Sweetened beverage consumption and the risk of hyperuricemia in Mexican adults: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prevalence of hyperuricemia has doubled worldwide during the last few decades. The substantial increase in sweetened beverage (SB) consumption has also coincided with the secular trend of hyperuricemia. Recent studies do show that the consumption of SB can induce hyperuricemia. However, the association between SB and hyperuricemia remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between SB consumption and levels of uric acid in Mexican adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a cross-sectional analysis of data from selected adults participating in the baseline assessment of the Health Workers Cohort Study. A total of 6,705 participants of both sexes between ages 18 and 70 years were included. SB intake was estimated using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Biochemical and anthropometric information was collected using standard procedures. Hyperuricemia was defined as uric acid levels ≥ 7.0 mg/dL in men and ≥ 5.8 mg/dL in women. The association of interest was assessed by multiple logistic regression models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The odds ratios (OR) for hyperuricemia in men who consume 0.5-1 SB/day was 1.59 (95% CI; 1.05-2.40) and 2.29 (95% CI; 1.55-3.38) for those who consume ≥3 SB/day when compared to men who consume less than half a SB/day. In women, the OR for hyperuricemia for those who consume >1.0- < 3.0 SB/day was 1.33 (95% CI; 1.04-1.70) and 1.35 (95% CI; 1.04-1.75) for those who consume ≥3 SB/day when compared to women who consume less than half a SB/day, independent of other covariables. Men and women with high SB consumption and a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 Kg/m2 had greater risk for hyperuricemia than men and women with low SB consumption and normal BMI < 25 Kg/m2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that the consumption of SB is associated with an increased risk of hyperuricemia in Mexican adults. However, longitudinal research is needed to confirm the association between SB intake and hyperuricemia.
authors.forename: Joacim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Meneses-Leon
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Investigación Epidemiológica y en Servicios de Salud, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México. edenovag@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Edgar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Denova-Gutiérrez
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Castañón-Robles
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Granados-García
authors.forename: Juan O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Talavera
authors.forename: Berenice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rivera-Paredez
authors.forename: Gerardo G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Huitrón-Bravo
authors.forename: Margarita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cervantes-Rodríguez
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Quiterio-Trenado
authors.forename: Samantha E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Rudolph
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salmerón
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001628:Beverages / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015984:Causality; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D033461:Hyperuricemia / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D012306:Risk; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013549:Sweetening Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D013549:Sweetening Agents; D014527:Uric Acid