title: The EUROpean and Chinese cardiac and renal Remote Ischemic Preconditioning Study (EURO-CRIPS): study design and methods.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) and periprocedural myocardial infarction (PMI) represent frequent complications of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and negatively impact subsequent length of hospitalization, costs of adjunctive diagnostic-therapeutic measures and mid-term cardiovascular events. The aim of the EURO-CRIPS trial is to test whether remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) may reduce the incidence of these complications and improve mid-term outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  This will be a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled multicentre study. Patients will be allocated 1 : 1 to RIPC or standard therapy if they were younger than 85 years old, with a renal clearance in the interval 30-60 ml/min/1.73 m and candidate to PCI for all clinical indications except for primary PCI in ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), unstable haemodynamic presentations or ongoing severe arrhythmias. Incidence of CIN will be the primary end point and the amount of periprocedural cardiac enzyme leakage will be the secondary end point. In addition, we will evaluate whether the preconditioned patients will have a reduction of MACCE at 6 months (major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular event).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The EURO-CRIPS Study will be the first large-scale, multicentre clinical trial to test the role of RIPC in current clinical practice. The results of this randomized trial will provide important insights to optimize management strategy of patients undergoing PCI and to improve their outcome.
authors.affiliation: aDivision of Cardiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Turin, Italy bDepartment of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy cInstitut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud, Hôpital Jacques Cartier, Paris, France dDivision of Cardiology, Presidio Ospedaliero Misericordia, Grosseto, Italy eDivision of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliera Senese, Siena, Italy fDivision of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliera S. Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Italy gDivision of Cardiology, Ospedale Maria Vittoria, Turin, Italy hDivision of Cardiology, San Giovanni Bosco Hospital, Turin, Italy iDivision of Cardiology, Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano, Milan, Italy jNanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China kDivision of Cardiology, Pederzoli Hospital, Riva del Garda, Italy.
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Moretti
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cavallero
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: D'Ascenzo
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cerrato
authors.forename: Giuseppe Biondi
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Zoccai
authors.forename: Pierluigi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Omedè
authors.forename: Davide Giacomo
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Presutti
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lefevre
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sanguineti
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Picchi
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Palazzuoli
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Carini
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Giammaria
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ugo
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Presbitero
authors.forename: Shaoliang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Song
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Imad
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sheiban
authors.forename: Fiorenzo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gaita
mesh_terms: D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D019157:Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D062645:Percutaneous Coronary Intervention / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012107:Research Design