title: Optimization of supercritical fluid extraction method for detection of fluquinconazole and tetraconazole in soil using gas chromatography and confirmation using GC-MS: application to dissipation kinetics.
abstract: The aim of this study was to establish an analytical method to detect fluquinconazole and tetraconazole in soil using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and gas chromatography (GC). The optimal extraction conditions for SFE were: temperature, 60 °C; pressure, 280 kg/cm(2) ; extraction time, 50 min; and a 10% modifier ratio. The linearity of the calibration curves was good and yielded a determination coefficient (R(2) ) ≥ 0.995. The soil samples were fortified with known quantities of the analytes at three different concentrations (0.01, 0.02 and 0.1 µg/g for fluquinconazole; 0.05, 0.1 and 0.5 µg/g for tetraconazole), and the recoveries ranged between 83.7 and 94.1%. The intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations were 1.3-10.6 and 2.2-11.9% for fluquinconazole and tetraconazole, respectively. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation were 0.002 and 0.01 µg/g for fluquinconazole and 0.01 and 0.05 for tetraconazole, respectively. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of soil residues collected from an onion field. The results show that a combination of SFE and GC can be used as an environmentally friendly technique to detect fungicides in soil.
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Institute, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Im
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Jong-Hyouk
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Ah-Young
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Abd El-Aty
authors.forename: Ayman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goudah
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Md Musfiqur
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.forename: Mi Ra
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jae-Han
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Shim
mesh_terms: D002722:Chlorobenzenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D025924:Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D007700:Kinetics; D052999:Quinazolinones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014230:Triazoles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005466:Fluorocarbons
chemical_list: D002722:Chlorobenzenes; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D052999:Quinazolinones; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014230:Triazoles; C587323:fluquinconazole; C524826:tetraconazole; D005466:Fluorocarbons
keywords: fluquinconazole; gas chromatography; soil; supercritical fluid extraction; tetraconazole