title: [Surgical reconstruction of posttraumatic defects and deformities of the orbit using frameless navigation].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the possibilities of frameless navigation surgery in patients with posttraumatic defects and deformities of the orbit.
  
  
  METHODS
  In order to develop frameless navigation technique for surgical treatment of posttraumatic defects and deformities of the orbit, examination and surgery were performed on 21 patients of the N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute of Emergency Medicine. Multi-slice spiral computed tomography was used for preoperative simulation and intraoperative control. Virtual layer-by-layer reconstruction of missing bone fragments and modeling of anatomical position of dislocated bone fragments in frontal, axial, and sagittal images were performed. Implant position control was done with pointer device of the navigation system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Good functional (disappearance of diplopia in primary position of gaze) and cosmetic results were obtained in all patients. None developed complications in the postoperative period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of frameless navigation in surgical treatment of posttraumatic defects and deformities of the orbit allows to obtain good and stable functional and cosmetic results.
authors.forename: D V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Davydov
authors.forename: O V
authors.initials: OV
authors.lastname: Levchenko
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Mikhaĭliukov
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; D009915:Orbit / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery*; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult