title: Phytophthora niederhauserii sp. nov., a polyphagous species associated with ornamentals, fruit trees and native plants in 13 countries.
abstract: A non-papillate, heterothallic Phytophthora species first isolated in 2001 and subsequently from symptomatic roots, crowns and stems of 33 plant species in 25 unrelated botanical families from 13 countries is formally described here as a new species. Symptoms on various hosts included crown and stem rot, chlorosis, wilting, leaf blight, cankers and gumming. This species was isolated from Australia, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Norway, South Africa, Spain, Taiwan, Turkey, the United Kingdom and United States in association with shrubs and herbaceous ornamentals grown mainly in greenhouses. The most prevalent hosts are English ivy (Hedera helix) and Cistus (Cistus salvifolius). The association of the species with acorn banksia (Banksia prionotes) plants in natural ecosystems in Australia, in affected vineyards (Vitis vinifera) in South Africa and almond (Prunus dulcis) trees in Spain and Turkey in addition to infection of shrubs and herbaceous ornamentals in a broad range of unrelated families are a sign of a wide ecological adaptation of the species and its potential threat to agricultural and natural ecosystems. The morphology of the persistent non-papillate ellipsoid sporangia, unique toruloid lobate hyphal swellings and amphigynous antheridia does not match any of the described species. Phylogenetic analysis based on sequences of the ITS rDNA, EF-1α, and β-tub supported that this organism is a hitherto unknown species. It is closely related to species in ITS clade 7b with the most closely related species being P. sojae. The name Phytophthora niederhauserii has been used in previous studies without the formal description of the holotype. This name is validated in this manuscript with the formal description of Phytophthora niederhauserii Z.G. Abad et J.A. Abad, sp. nov. The name is coined to honor Dr John S. Niederhauser, a notable plant pathologist and the 1990 World Food Prize laureate.
authors.affiliation: United States Department of Agriculture, USDA-APHIS-PPQ-S&T-CPHST, Center for Plant Health Science and Technology, Bldg. 580, BARC-E, Powder Mill Road, Beltsville, Maryland 20705 Gloria.Abad@aphis.usda.gov.
authors.forename: Z Gloria
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Abad
authors.affiliation: United States Department of Agriculture, USDA-APHIS-PPQ-FO-PGQP, Plant Germplasm Quarantine Program, Bldg. 580, BARC-E, Powder Mill Road, Beltsville, Maryland 20705.
authors.forename: Jorge A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Abad
authors.affiliation: Department of Agri-food and Environmental Systems Management-Plant Pathology section, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 100, 95123 Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Santa Olga
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Cacciola
authors.affiliation: Department of Agri-food and Environmental Systems Management-Plant Pathology section, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 100, 95123 Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pane
authors.affiliation: Department of Agri-food and Environmental Systems Management-Plant Pathology section, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 100, 95123 Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Faedda
authors.affiliation: Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB) Mycology Laboratory Miguel Marquès 21, 07190 Esporles, Balearic Islands, Spain.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Moralejo
authors.affiliation: Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo, Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n C.P. 46022, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pérez-Sierra
authors.affiliation: Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo, Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n C.P. 46022, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Paloma
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Abad-Campos
authors.affiliation: Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo, Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n C.P. 46022, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Luis A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Alvarez-Bernaola
authors.affiliation: Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1022 Budapest, Herman Ottó 15, Hungary.
authors.forename: József
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bakonyi
authors.affiliation: Institute for Plant Protection, Georgikon Faculty, University of Pannonia, H-8360 Keszthely, Deák F. u. 57, Hungary.
authors.forename: András
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Józsa
authors.affiliation: Norwegian Institute for Agriculture and Environment Research, Høgskolevein 7, 1432 Ås, Norway.
authors.forename: Maria Luz
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Herrero
authors.affiliation: Centre for Phytophthora Science and Management, School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia.
authors.forename: Treena I
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Burgess
authors.affiliation: Department of Primary Industries, Knoxfield Centre, Private Bag 15, Ferntree Gully Delivery Centre, Victoria 3156, Australia.
authors.forename: James H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Cunnington
authors.affiliation: Department of Forest and Ecosystem Science, University of Melbourne, 500 Yarra Boulevard, Richmond, Victoria 3121, Australia.
authors.forename: Ian W
authors.initials: IW
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20740.
authors.forename: Yilmaz
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Balci
authors.affiliation: California Department of Food and Agriculture, Plant Pests and Diagnostics Branch, Sacramento, California 95832.
authors.forename: Cheryl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Blomquist
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, The Royal Horticultural Society Wisley, Woking, Surrey. GU23 6QB, UK.
authors.forename: Béatrice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Henricot
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, The Royal Horticultural Society Wisley, Woking, Surrey. GU23 6QB, UK.
authors.forename: Geoffrey
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Denton
authors.affiliation: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. K.W. Neatby Building, 960 Carling Avenue Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada.
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Spies
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa.
authors.forename: Adele
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mcleod
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Soil Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile Argand 11, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Lassaad
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Belbahri
authors.affiliation: The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cooke
authors.affiliation: River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kageyama
authors.affiliation: Chiba Prefectural Agriculture Research Center, Horticulture Institute, Tateyama, Japan.
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uematsu
authors.affiliation: Plant Protection Central Research Institute, Department of Phytopathology, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ilker
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kurbetli
authors.affiliation: Plant Protection Central Research Institute, Department of Phytopathology, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Kemal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Değirmenci
mesh_terms: D001315:Australia; D005638:Fruit / Q000382:microbiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D010838:Phytophthora / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D010944:Plants / Q000382:microbiology*; D013170:Spores / Q000254:growth & development; D014481:United States
keywords: EF-1α; ITS; Oomycetes; Straminipila; plant pathogen; taxonomy; β-tub