title: Novel anode catalyst for direct methanol fuel cells.
abstract: PtRu catalyst is a promising anodic catalyst for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) but the slow reaction kinetics reduce the performance of DMFCs. Therefore, this study attempts to improve the performance of PtRu catalysts by adding nickel (Ni) and iron (Fe). Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are used to increase the active area of the catalyst and to improve the catalyst performance. Electrochemical analysis techniques, such as energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), are used to characterize the kinetic parameters of the hybrid catalyst. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) is used to investigate the effects of adding Fe and Ni to the catalyst on the reaction kinetics. Additionally, chronoamperometry (CA) tests were conducted to study the long-term performance of the catalyst for catalyzing the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR). The binding energies of the reactants and products are compared to determine the kinetics and potential surface energy for methanol oxidation. The FESEM analysis results indicate that well-dispersed nanoscale (2-5 nm) PtRu particles are formed on the MWCNTs. Finally, PtRuFeNi/MWCNT improves the reaction kinetics of anode catalysts for DMFCs and obtains a mass current of 31 A g(-1) catalyst.
authors.affiliation: Fuel Cell Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Basri
authors.affiliation: Fuel Cell Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia ; Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kamarudin
authors.affiliation: Fuel Cell Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: W R W
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Daud
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yaakob
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: A A H
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Kadhum
mesh_terms: D002384:Catalysis; D011211:Electric Power Supplies; D004566:Electrodes; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry; D000432:Methanol / Q000737:chemistry*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000737:chemistry; D009532:Nickel / Q000737:chemistry; D056951:Photoelectron Spectroscopy; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D009532:Nickel; D007501:Iron; D000432:Methanol