title: Magnetic resonance imaging signs of presumed elevated intracranial pressure in dogs.
abstract: The aim of this study was to describe magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings associated with presumed elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) in dogs and to evaluate whether MRI could be used to discriminate between dogs with and without elevated ICP. Of 91 dogs that underwent cranial MRI examination, 18 (19.8%) were diagnosed with elevated ICP based on neurological examination, fundoscopy and transcranial Doppler ultrasonography. The MRI findings that showed the strongest association with elevated ICP were mass effect (odds ratio [OR], 78.5), caudal transtentorial herniation (OR, 72.0), subfalcine herniation (OR, 45.6), perilesional oedema (OR, 34.0), displacement of the lamina quadrigemina (OR, 27.7) and effacement of the cerebral sulci (OR, 27.1). The presence of any two or more of the following MRI findings identified elevated ICP with a sensitivity of 72% and a specificity of 96%: compression of the suprapineal recess, compression of the third ventricle, compression of the fourth ventricle, effacement of the cerebral sulci and caudal transposition of the lamina quadrigemina. In conclusion, there is an association between MRI findings and elevated ICP in dogs; therefore, MRI might be useful to discriminate between dogs with and without elevated ICP.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Radiology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Berne, 3012 Berne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bittermann
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Radiology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Berne, 3012 Berne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.affiliation: Division of Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Berne, 3012 Berne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Henke
authors.affiliation: Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Berne, 3012 Berne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Radiology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Berne, 3012 Berne, Switzerland. Electronic address: daniela.gorgas@vetsuisse.unibe.ch.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gorgas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D019586:Intracranial Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013557:Switzerland
keywords: Canine; Intracranial pressure; Magnetic resonance imaging