title: Urine real-time polymerase chain reaction detection for children virus pneumonia with acute human cytomegalovirus infection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is an important pathogen of viral pneumonia in children. The diagnosis of acute HCMV infection is complicated and difficult.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical and laboratory data of 6063 hospitalized children with respiratory infection and 509 with respiratory virus infection alone were retrospectively analyzed. Urine and respiratory specimens of 186 hospitalized children with pneumonia were also prospectively collected. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and a chemiluminescent assay were used to detect HCMV DNA copy number, the pp65 gene, and HCMV IgM.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patients with respiratory virus infection alone and those with pulmonary HCMV infection (n = 422) were mostly children aged <6 months old (82.91%, 422/509). The accuracy of urine HCMV DNA (82.32%) was higher than that of HCMV IgM (67.78%), indicating that PCR of urine samples is suitable for determining pediatric acute pulmonary HCMV infection. There was no significant difference in detecting HCMV DNA or the pp65 gene between urinary and respiratory specimens (P > 0.05) in 186 pediatric pneumonia cases. The accuracy of the pp65 gene measured in urine for determining acute pulmonary HCMV infection was the highest (93.01%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study shows a novel method for investigating acute pulmonary HCMV infection in children by using real-time PCR and non-invasive samples. This study also highlights the superiority and potential use of the pp65 gene as an important target for the diagnosis of acute pulmonary HCMV infection.
authors.forename: Zhidai
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Penghui
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Shi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Xiaoyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xinbin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhaojian
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Junjie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Enmei
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Zhou
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan Er Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400014, China. zoulin74@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zou
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008297:Male; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000235:genetics; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000821:virology*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014763:Viral Matrix Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D014763:Viral Matrix Proteins; C065418:cytomegalovirus matrix protein 65kDa