title: Assessment of DNA damage and telomerase activity in exfoliated urinary cells as sensitive and noninvasive biomarkers for early diagnosis of bladder cancer in ex-workers of a rubber tyres industry.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to identify sensitive and noninvasive biomarkers of early carcinogenic effect at target organ to use in biomonitoring studies of workers at risk for previous occupational exposure to potential carcinogens. Standard urine cytology (Papanicolaou staining test), comet assay, and quantitative telomerase repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assay were performed in 159 ex-rubber workers employed in tyres production and 97 unexposed subjects. In TRAP positive cases, a second level analysis using FISH (Urovysion) was done. Cystoscopy results were available for 11 individuals whose 6 FISH/TRAP/comet positive showed in 3 cases a dysplastic condition confirmed by biopsy, 1 comet positive resulted in infiltrating UBC to the biopsy and with hyperplasia and slight dysplasia to the urinary cytology, 1 comet positive resulted in papillary superficial UBC to the biopsy, 1 FISH/TRAP positive showed a normal condition, and 2 TRAP positive showed in one case a phlogosis condition. The results evidenced good concordance of TRAP, comet, and FISH assays as early biomarkers of procarcinogenic effect confirmed by the dysplastic condition and UBC found by cystoscopy-biopsy analysis. The analysis of these markers in urine cells could be potentially more accurate than conventional cytology in monitoring workers exposed to mixture of bladder potential carcinogens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Medicine, INAIL-Italian Workers' Compensation Authority, Research Area, Monteporzio Catone, 00040 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Delia
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2331-1464
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cavallo
authors.affiliation: Bioscience Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Meldola, 47014 Forlì-Cesena, Italy.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4278-5582
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Casadio
authors.affiliation: Bioscience Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Meldola, 47014 Forlì-Cesena, Italy.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0075-8538
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bravaccini
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Medicine, INAIL-Italian Workers' Compensation Authority, Research Area, Monteporzio Catone, 00040 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5956-9723
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iavicoli
authors.affiliation: Department of Traumatology, Orthopaedics and Occupational Medicine, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pira
authors.affiliation: Department of Traumatology, Orthopaedics and Occupational Medicine, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Canzio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Romano
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Medicine, INAIL-Italian Workers' Compensation Authority, Research Area, Monteporzio Catone, 00040 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Anna Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Fresegna
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Medicine, INAIL-Italian Workers' Compensation Authority, Research Area, Monteporzio Catone, 00040 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Raffaele
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2339-7082
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Maiello
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Medicine, INAIL-Italian Workers' Compensation Authority, Research Area, Monteporzio Catone, 00040 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Aureliano
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ciervo
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Medicine, INAIL-Italian Workers' Compensation Authority, Research Area, Monteporzio Catone, 00040 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuliana
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Buresti
authors.affiliation: Bioscience Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Meldola, 47014 Forlì-Cesena, Italy.
authors.forename: Wainer
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zoli
authors.affiliation: Bioscience Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Meldola, 47014 Forlì-Cesena, Italy.
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Calistri
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D001706:Biopsy; D002617:Chemical Industry; D004249:DNA Damage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012408:Rubber; D019098:Telomerase / Q000378:metabolism*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D012408:Rubber; D019098:Telomerase