title: Usefulness of reinforcing interventions on continuous positive airway pressure compliance.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a high prevalence sleep disorder characterized by upper airway obstruction during sleep, nocturnal intermittent hypoxemia, poor sleep quality, risk for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. The adherence to CPAP is the key for an effective management of these patients.The aim of the study was to assess the adherence to CPAP therapy with and without early reinforcing interventions, consisting of motivational reinforcement and technical support in the first month of therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty patients with OSA undergoing counseling and a one year follow-up on a quarterly basis were included in the study. Twenty subjects (intervention group) underwent reinforcing interventions with telephone interviews in the first month of therapy, and twenty (control group) remained without reinforcing interventions. The two populations were homogeneous for age, severity of illness and BMI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the first month, intervention group patients showed a higher number of nights with a device use ≥4 hours. Average treatment adherence in the first month (days of therapy with at least 4 hours per night on the total number of days from device delivery) was 77.5% in the intervention group and 55.7% in the control group (p = 0.022). At one year the differences between the two groups were not significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that it is important that adequate time and effort is spent to ensure patient comfort at the time of CPAP therapy start to optimize acceptance and adherence to treatment, and suggest that it is necessary to maintain reinforcing interventions over time.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lo Bue
authors.affiliation: National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A, Monroy", Via Ugo La Malfa, 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy. adriana.salvaggio@ibim.cnr.it.
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salvaggio
authors.forename: Serena Iacono
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Isidoro
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Romano
authors.forename: Oreste
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Marrone
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Insalaco
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001294:Attitude to Health; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D045422:Continuous Positive Airway Pressure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D017286:Polysomnography / Q000379:methods; D012016:Reference Values; D012054:Reinforcement, Psychology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016896:Treatment Outcome