title: Targeting tumor-necrosis factor receptor pathways for tumor immunotherapy.
abstract: With the success of ipilimumab and promise of programmed death-1 pathway-targeted agents, the field of tumor immunotherapy is expanding rapidly. Newer targets for clinical development include select members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) family. Agonist antibodies to these co-stimulatory molecules target both T and B cells, modulating T-cell activation and enhancing immune responses. In vitro and in vivo preclinical data have provided the basis for continued development of 4-1BB, OX40, glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related gene, herpes virus entry mediator, and CD27 as potential therapies for patients with cancer. In this review, we summarize the immune response to tumors, consider preclinical and early clinical data on select TNFR family members, discuss potential translational challenges and suggest possible combination therapies with the aim of inducing durable antitumor responses.
authors.affiliation: Swim Across America Laboratory, Immunology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA.|Current address: Department of Cancer Immunobiology, ImClone Systems, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Eli Lilly & Co, New York, NY 10016, USA.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Schaer
authors.affiliation: Swim Across America Laboratory, Immunology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hirschhorn-Cymerman
authors.affiliation: Swim Across America Laboratory, Immunology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA.|Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA.|Ludwig Collaborative Lab, New York, NY 10065, USA.|Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
authors.forename: Jedd D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Wolchok
keywords: 4-1BB; Cancer; GITR; Immunotherapy; OX40