title: Bacteriological characterization of a Mycobacterium parascrofulaceum strain isolated from a Chinese pneumonia patient.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A Mycobacterium parascrofulaceum strain was isolated from a pneumonia patient-the first such reported case from China. The bacteriological characteristics of the strain were determined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Species identification was performed by homologue gene sequence comparison, then a series of biochemical tests was conducted to elucidate the bacteriological characteristics. Drug susceptibility and pathogenicity to mice of the strain were tested.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The clinical M. parascrofulaceum strain presented a very similar phenotypic profile to that of Mycobacterium scrofulaceum. The M. parascrofulaceum strain was sensitive to rifabutin, rifapentine, clarithromycin, azithromycin, cefoxitin, and moxifloxacin in vitro. At week 2 post-infection, the lung tissues of mice demonstrated a local inflammatory response denoted by peri-bronchiolar inflammatory infiltrates. At weeks 4 and 8, the lung tissues showed peri-bronchiolar inflammatory infiltrates with large aggregates of lymphocytes and part of the tissue showed granulomatous lesions; there was no appreciable necrosis. The colony-forming units (CFU) count of infected lung and spleen increased gradually during the 8 weeks of the experiment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The M. parascrofulaceum strain isolated in China was sensitive to rifabutin, rifapentine, clarithromycin, azithromycin, cefoxitin, and moxifloxacin. The mycobacteria were capable of proliferating in mice and could lead to pathological changes in the lungs of the mice.
authors.affiliation: National Clinical Laboratory on Tuberculosis, Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beijing 101149, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Guan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: National Clinical Laboratory on Tuberculosis, Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beijing 101149, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Gui-Rong
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: National Clinical Laboratory on Tuberculosis, Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beijing 101149, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: National Clinical Laboratory on Tuberculosis, Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beijing 101149, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: National Clinical Laboratory on Tuberculosis, Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beijing 101149, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mu
authors.affiliation: National Clinical Laboratory on Tuberculosis, Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beijing 101149, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yuan-Yuan
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Shang
authors.affiliation: National Clinical Laboratory on Tuberculosis, Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beijing 101149, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.affiliation: National Clinical Laboratory on Tuberculosis, Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beijing 101149, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hai-Qing
authors.initials: HQ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: National Clinical Laboratory on Tuberculosis, Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beijing 101149, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: suhuazheng0264@sina.com.
authors.forename: Su-Hua
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: National Clinical Laboratory on Tuberculosis, Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beijing 101149, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: hairong.huangcn@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Hai-Rong
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D058491:Bacterial Load; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer / Q000235:genetics; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009165:Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D009170:Nontuberculous Mycobacteria / Q000145:classification* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010641:Phenotype; D018410:Pneumonia, Bacterial / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer
keywords: Bacteriological characteristics; Mycobacterium parascrofulaceum; Pathogenicity