title: Analyses and decreasing patterns of veterinary antianxiety medications in soils.
abstract: An ultrasonic-assisted extraction method was developed to detect 16 antianxiety medications in soil samples using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS), Orbitrap mass spectrometer. The determination method resulted in satisfactory sensitivity, linearity, recovery, repeatability, and within-laboratory reproducibility. Acepromazine, azaperone, and xylazine were incubated in control, amended, and sterilized soils. The amendment with powdered blood meal affected the relatively fast dissipations of acepromazine, azaperone, and xylazine in the soils. Dissipation kinetics of acepromazine were consistent with bi-phasic kinetics (first-order multi compartment) and the other couples were fit to single first-order kinetics. A hydroxylated acepromazine was identified from soil samples using Orbitrap mass spectrometry. According to sorption batch experiments, the adsorption of acepromazine and azaperone was greatly high, whereas that of xylazine was relatively low. Xylazine was persistent in the incubated soils, and acepromazine demonstrated fast initial dissipation; hence, xylazine could have a potential harmful effect on the environment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the dissipation and adsorption-desorption patters of animal pharmaceutical tranquilizers and α, β-blockers.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Research of the Faculty of Chemistry, Dortmund University of Technology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany; Biotechnology Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yongbong-ro 77, Buk-gu, 500-757 Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong-Heui
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Research of the Faculty of Chemistry, Dortmund University of Technology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lamshöft
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Research of the Faculty of Chemistry, Dortmund University of Technology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zühlke
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yongbong-ro 77, Buk-gu, 500-757 Gwangju, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211 Giza, Egypt.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Abd El-Aty
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yongbong-ro 77, Buk-gu, 500-757 Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Md Musfiqur
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yongbong-ro 77, Buk-gu, 500-757 Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Woo
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yongbong-ro 77, Buk-gu, 500-757 Gwangju, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: jhshim@jnu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jae-Han
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Research of the Faculty of Chemistry, Dortmund University of Technology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany. Electronic address: m.spiteller@infu.uni-dortmund.de.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Spiteller
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D019155:Veterinary Drugs / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D019155:Veterinary Drugs
keywords: Adsorption–desorption isotherms; Dissipation kinetics; Orbitrap mass spectrometry; Tranquilizers; Ultrasonic-assisted extraction; α-, β-blockers