title: Highly precise quantification of protein molecules per cell during stress and starvation responses in Bacillus subtilis.
abstract: Systems biology based on high quality absolute quantification data, which are mandatory for the simulation of biological processes, successively becomes important for life sciences. We provide protein concentrations on the level of molecules per cell for more than 700 cytosolic proteins of the Gram-positive model bacterium Bacillus subtilis during adaptation to changing growth conditions. As glucose starvation and heat stress are typical challenges in B. subtilis' natural environment and induce both, specific and general stress and starvation proteins, these conditions were selected as models for starvation and stress responses. Analyzing samples from numerous time points along the bacterial growth curve yielded reliable and physiologically relevant data suitable for modeling of cellular regulation under altered growth conditions. The analysis of the adaptational processes based on protein molecules per cell revealed stress-specific modulation of general adaptive responses in terms of protein amount and proteome composition. Furthermore, analysis of protein repartition during glucose starvation showed that biomass seems to be redistributed from proteins involved in amino acid biosynthesis to enzymes of the central carbon metabolism. In contrast, during heat stress most resources of the cell, namely those from amino acid synthetic pathways, are used to increase the amount of chaperones and proteases. Analysis of dynamical aspects of protein synthesis during heat stress adaptation revealed, that these proteins make up almost 30% of the protein mass accumulated during early phases of this stress.
authors.affiliation: From the ‡Institute for Microbiology, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany;
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maaβ
authors.affiliation: From the ‡Institute for Microbiology, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany;
authors.forename: Gerhild
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wachlin
authors.affiliation: From the ‡Institute for Microbiology, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany;
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bernhardt
authors.affiliation: From the ‡Institute for Microbiology, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany;
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Eymann
authors.affiliation: §INRA, Mathématique Informatique et Génome UR1077, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fromion
authors.affiliation: From the ‡Institute for Microbiology, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany;
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Riedel
authors.affiliation: From the ‡Institute for Microbiology, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; dbecher@uni-greifswald.de.
authors.forename: Dörte
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Becher
authors.affiliation: From the ‡Institute for Microbiology, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany;
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hecker
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000378:metabolism*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D005947:Glucose