title: Emerging pattern mining to aid toxicological knowledge discovery.
abstract: Knowledge-based systems for toxicity prediction are typically based on rules, known as structural alerts, that describe relationships between structural features and different toxic effects. The identification of structural features associated with toxicological activity can be a time-consuming process and often requires significant input from domain experts. Here, we describe an emerging pattern mining method for the automated identification of activating structural features in toxicity data sets that is designed to help expedite the process of alert development. We apply the contrast pattern tree mining algorithm to generate a set of emerging patterns of structural fragment descriptors. Using the emerging patterns it is possible to form hierarchical clusters of compounds that are defined by the presence of common structural features and represent distinct chemical classes. The method has been tested on a large public in vitro mutagenicity data set and a public hERG channel inhibition data set and is shown to be effective at identifying common toxic features and recognizable classes of toxicants. We also describe how knowledge developers can use emerging patterns to improve the specificity and sensitivity of an existing expert system.
authors.affiliation: Information School, University of Sheffield , Regent Court, 211 Portobello Street, Sheffield S1 4DP, U.K.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sherhod
authors.forename: Philip N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Judson
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hanser
authors.forename: Jonathan D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Vessey
authors.forename: Samuel J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Webb
authors.forename: Valerie J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Gillet
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D057225:Data Mining / Q000379:methods*; D023381:Endpoint Determination; D051638:Ether-A-Go-Go Potassium Channels / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers / Q000633:toxicity; D014116:Toxicology
chemical_list: D051638:Ether-A-Go-Go Potassium Channels; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers