title: High-precision distribution of highly stable optical pulse trains with 8.8 × 10⁻¹⁹ instability.
abstract: The high-precision distribution of optical pulse trains via fibre links has had a considerable impact in many fields. In most published work, the accuracy is still fundamentally limited by unavoidable noise sources, such as thermal and shot noise from conventional photodiodes and thermal noise from mixers. Here, we demonstrate a new high-precision timing distribution system that uses a highly precise phase detector to obviously reduce the effect of these limitations. Instead of using photodiodes and microwave mixers, we use several fibre Sagnac-loop-based optical-microwave phase detectors (OM-PDs) to achieve optical-electrical conversion and phase measurements, thereby suppressing the sources of noise and achieving ultra-high accuracy. The results of a distribution experiment using a 10-km fibre link indicate that our system exhibits a residual instability of 2.0 × 10(-15) at1 s and8.8 × 10(-19) at 40,000 s and an integrated timing jitter as low as 3.8 fs in a bandwidth of 1 Hz to 100 kHz. This low instability and timing jitter make it possible for our system to be used in the distribution of optical-clock signals or in applications that require extremely accurate frequency/time synchronisation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ning
authors.affiliation: Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
authors.forename: Z B
authors.initials: ZB
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Zhao