title: New species of earthworms belonging to the Metaphire formosae species group (Clitellata: Megascolecidae) in Taiwan.
abstract: The Metaphire formosae species group is a member of the Pheretima complex of the family Megascolecidae. It is composed of 12 nominal taxa, Metaphire bununa Tsai et al., 2000, Metaphire feijani Chang & Chen, 2004, Metaphire formosae (Michaelsen, 1922), Metaphire glareosa Tsai et al., 2000, Metaphire nanaoensis Chang & Chen, 2005, Metaphire paiwanna paiwanna Tsai et al., 2000, Metaphire paiwanna hengchunensis (James et al., 2005), Metaphire paiwanna liliumfordi Tsai et al., 2000, Metaphire tahanmonta Chang & Chen, 2005, Metaphire taiwanensis Tsai et al., 2004, Metaphire trutina Tsai et al., 2003, and Metaphire yuhsi (Tsai, 1964). In this study, we describe a new species, Metaphire tengjhihensis sp. nov., and two new subspecies, Metaphire nanaoensis truku ssp. nov. and Metaphire taiwanensis tsaii ssp. nov., belonging to this species group. DNA barcodes (partial sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1, COI) from type specimens of M. feijani, M. tengjhihensis sp. nov., M. nanaoensis truku ssp. nov., M. tahanmonta and M. taiwanensis tsaii ssp. nov. have been deposited in GenBank in previous studies and are explicitly linked to the type specimens for the first time, enabling unambiguous identification using both morphology and DNA barcodes. Finally, we comment on the systematics of the M. formosae species group and suggest an integrative taxonomic approach that combines morphology and DNA barcodes for future descriptions of new species of Amynthas and Metaphire.
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD 21218, USA Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Rd., Section 4, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Email: yuanpau@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Chih-Han
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Rd., Section 4, Taipei 106, Taiwan Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Email: unknown.
authors.forename: Shu-Chun
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Rd., Section 4, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Email: unknown.
authors.forename: Jia Hsing
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Rd., Section 4, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Email: unknown.
authors.forename: Jiun-Hong
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D058893:DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D009835:Oligochaeta / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D013624:Taiwan
chemical_list: D004247:DNA