title: Systematic investigation on Cadmium-incorporation in Li₂FeSiO₄/C cathode material for lithium-ion batteries.
abstract: Cadmium-incorporated Li2FeSiO4/C composites have been successfully synthesized by a solid-state reaction assisted with refluxing. The effect and mechanism of Cd-modification on the electrochemical performance of Li2FeSiO4/C were investigated in detail by X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectra, transmission electron microscopy, positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy and Doppler broadening spectrum, and electrochemical measurements. The results show that Cd not only exists in an amorphous state of CdO on the surface of LFS particles, but also enters into the crystal lattice of LFS. Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy and Doppler broadening spectrum analyses verify that Cd-incorporation increases the defect concentration and the electronic conductivity of LFS, thus improve the Li(+)-ion diffusion process. Furthermore, our electrochemical measurements verify that an appropriate amount of Cd-incorporation can achieve a satisfied electrochemical performance for LFS/C cathode material.
authors.affiliation: 1] College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Microgrid of New Energy, Hubei Province, China Three Gorges University, 8 Daxue Road, Yichang; Hubei 443002, China [2] CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.
authors.forename: Lu-Lu
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Microgrid of New Energy, Hubei Province, China Three Gorges University, 8 Daxue Road, Yichang; Hubei 443002, China.
authors.forename: Song
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Microgrid of New Energy, Hubei Province, China Three Gorges University, 8 Daxue Road, Yichang; Hubei 443002, China.
authors.forename: Xue-Lin
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, Texas 77341, USA.
authors.forename: Gan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Advanced Battery Materials and System, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China.
authors.forename: Yun-Hui
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Nuclear Analysis Techniques, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Xing-Zhong
authors.initials: XZ
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Nuclear Analysis Techniques, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Microgrid of New Energy, Hubei Province, China Three Gorges University, 8 Daxue Road, Yichang; Hubei 443002, China.
authors.forename: Shi-Bing
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.affiliation: College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Microgrid of New Energy, Hubei Province, China Three Gorges University, 8 Daxue Road, Yichang; Hubei 443002, China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li