title: Skin rash related to once-daily boosted darunavir-containing antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected Taiwanese: incidence and associated factor.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study aimed to investigate the incidence of and associated factors with skin rashes among HIV-infected Taiwanese patients who received once-daily darunavir (DRV) boosted by ritonavir (RTV) (800/100 mg) plus 2 nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs).
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the medical records of HIV-infected patients who switched to once-daily DRV/RTV-containing regimens between January 2012 and November 2013. Patients who switched from 2 NRTIs plus non-NRTI (nNRTI) or other protease inhibitor (PI) to 2 NRTIs plus PIs other than DRV were chosen as comparators.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the study period, 238 patients who switched to once-daily DRV/RTV-containing regimens (Group A) and 178 patients who switched from 2 NRTIs plus nNRTI or other PI to 2 NRTIs plus PI other than DRV/RTV (Group B) were included. There were no differences between Groups A and B in most of the baseline characteristics. Compared with Group B in which 7 (3.9%) developed rashes after switch to PI other than DRV, 26 patients (10.9%) in Group A developed rashes after a median interval of 14 days of starting DRV/RTV-containing regimens (P = 0.009). In multivariate analysis, patients with a history of rashes related to the previous nNRTI-containing regimens before starting DRV/RTV-containing regimens were more likely to develop rashes with an adjusted odds ratio of 3.53 (95% confidence interval, 1.45-8.62).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Once-daily regimens containing DRV/RTV is associated with a higher rate of adverse cutaneous reactions than other PI-containing regimens in HIV-infected Taiwanese, especially in those who have a history of rashes to nNRTI-containing regimens before switch to DRV/RTV-containing regimens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Kuan-Yin
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chien-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chia-Jui
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Mao-Song
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Szu-Min
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsin-Yun
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wang-Huei
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Sheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Mao-Yuan
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Sui-Yuan
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, Taiwan; School of Public Health, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: shuhsingcheng@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Shu-Hsing
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. Electronic address: hcc0401@ntu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Chien-Ching
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Hung
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000069454:Darunavir; D005076:Exanthema / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents; D013449:Sulfonamides; D000069454:Darunavir
keywords: Allergy; Antiretroviral therapy; Highly active antiretroviral therapy; Hypersensitivity; Protease inhibitor; Ritonavir