title: GC-MS-based metabolite profiling of Cosmos caudatus leaves possessing alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity.
abstract: Cosmos caudatus, which is known as "Ulam Raja," is an herbal plant used in Malaysia to enhance vitality. This study focused on the evaluation of the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of different ethanolic extracts of C. caudatus. Six series of samples extracted with water, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% ethanol (EtOH) were employed. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and orthogonal partial least-squares (OPLS) analysis was used to correlate bioactivity of different extracts to different metabolite profiles of C. caudatus. The obtained OPLS scores indicated a distinct and remarkable separation into 6 clusters, which were indicative of the 6 different ethanol concentrations. GC-MS can be integrated with multivariate data analysis to identify compounds that inhibit α-glucosidase activity. In addition, catechin, α-linolenic acid, α-D-glucopyranoside, and vitamin E compounds were identified and indicate the potential α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of this herb.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GC-MS and multivariate data analysis was applied to discriminate Cosmos caudatus samples extracted with water and different ratio of ethanol. Orthogonal partial least-squares (OPLS) model developed was used to determine the major metabolites contributed to α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. This approach also has the ability to predict the bioactivity of a new set of extracts based on a developed validated regression model that is important for quality control of the herb preparation.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Univ. Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Neda
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Javadi
authors.forename: Faridah
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Abas
authors.forename: Azizah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abd Hamid
authors.forename: Sanimah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Simoh
authors.forename: Khozirah
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shaari
authors.forename: Intan Safinar
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Ismail
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mediani
authors.forename: Alfi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khatib
mesh_terms: D019659:Asteraceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D002392:Catechin / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D008296:Malaysia; D055442:Metabolome; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D000520:alpha-Glucosidases / Q000378:metabolism*; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid; D002392:Catechin; D000520:alpha-Glucosidases
keywords: Cosmos caudatus; GC-MS; diabetes; metabolomics; α-glucosidase inhibitory activity