title: Variability of microcystins and its synthetase gene cluster in Microcystis and Planktothrix waterblooms in shallow lakes of Hungary.
abstract: Waterbloom samples of Microcystis aeruginosa and Planktothrix agardhii were collected from a variety of ponds, lakes and reservoirs in Hungary. Samples were tested with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization - time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) to identify the microcystin forms. The concentration of the microcystins was measured with capillary electrophoresis and the toxicity was tested by sinapis test. DNA was extracted from the samples and tested using a range of primers linked to the biosynthesis of microcystin. All of the fourteen collected samples gave positive results for the presence of the mcy genes with PCR products with sizes between of 425 and 955 bp, respectively, indicating the presence of the genes implicated in the production of microcystins. The results showed that a wide range of microcystin (MC) forms were detected in the Microcystis containing samples, among which MC-LR, -RR, and -YR were the most common. The highest MC concentration was 15,701 mg g-1, which was detected in an angling pond. The samples containing Planktothrix agardhii were less toxic, and the most common form in this species was the Asp3-MC-LR.
authors.affiliation: University of Debrecen Department of Botany Egyetem tér 1 H-4032 Debrecen Hungary.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Farkas
authors.affiliation: University of Debrecen Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry Egyetem tér 1 H-4032 Debrecen Hungary.
authors.forename: Gyöngyi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gyémant
authors.affiliation: University of Debrecen Department of Botany Egyetem tér 1 H-4032 Debrecen Hungary.
authors.forename: Gréta
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hajdú
authors.affiliation: University of Debrecen Department of Botany Egyetem tér 1 H-4032 Debrecen Hungary.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gonda
authors.affiliation: University of Debrecen Department of Botany Egyetem tér 1 H-4032 Debrecen Hungary.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Parizsa
authors.affiliation: University of Debrecen Department of Botany Egyetem tér 1 H-4032 Debrecen Hungary.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Horgos
authors.affiliation: University of Debrecen Department of Botany Egyetem tér 1 H-4032 Debrecen Hungary.
authors.forename: Agnes
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mosolygó
authors.affiliation: University of Debrecen Department of Botany Egyetem tér 1 H-4032 Debrecen Hungary.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vasas
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary; D006814:Hungary; D060106:Lakes / Q000382:microbiology*; D008025:Ligases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D052998:Microcystins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D046931:Microcystis / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D005810:Multigene Family; D036226:Seedlings / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D031226:Sinapis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; D013997:Time Factors; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D052998:Microcystins; D008025:Ligases
keywords: MALDI-TOF; Microcystis; Planktothrix; microcystins; waterbloom