title: Engineering human tumour-associated chromosomal translocations with the RNA-guided CRISPR-Cas9 system.
abstract: Cancer-related human chromosomal translocations are generated through the illegitimate joining of two non-homologous chromosomes affected by double-strand breaks (DSB). Effective methodologies to reproduce precise reciprocal tumour-associated chromosomal translocations are required to gain insight into the initiation of leukaemia and sarcomas. Here we present a strategy for generating cancer-related human chromosomal translocations in vitro based on the ability of the RNA-guided CRISPR-Cas9 system to induce DSBs at defined positions. Using this approach we generate human cell lines and primary cells bearing chromosomal translocations resembling those described in acute myeloid leukaemia and Ewing's sarcoma at high frequencies. FISH and molecular analysis at the mRNA and protein levels of the fusion genes involved in these engineered cells reveal the reliability and accuracy of the CRISPR-Cas9 approach, providing a powerful tool for cancer studies.
authors.affiliation: Viral Vector Facility, Fundacion Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.affiliation: Molecular Cytogenetics Group, Spanish National Cancer Centre-CNIO, Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: Viral Vector Facility, Fundacion Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.affiliation: Molecular Cytogenetics Group, Spanish National Cancer Centre-CNIO, Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Cigudosa
authors.affiliation: Viral Vector Facility, Fundacion Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Ramirez
authors.affiliation: Molecular Cytogenetics Group, Spanish National Cancer Centre-CNIO, Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Perales
mesh_terms: D019677:Artificial Gene Fusion; D064113:CRISPR-Cas Systems; D002148:Calmodulin-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D050676:Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit / Q000235:genetics; D053903:DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000235:genetics*; D015514:Oncogene Proteins, Fusion / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D051789:Proto-Oncogene Protein c-fli-1 / Q000235:genetics; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D000094704:RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism*; D034802:RNA-Binding Protein EWS; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D000075142:RUNX1 Translocation Partner 1 Protein; D012512:Sarcoma, Ewing / Q000235:genetics*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics; D014178:Translocation, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D002148:Calmodulin-Binding Proteins; D050676:Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit; C500986:EWSR1 protein, human; C078433:FLI1 protein, human; D015514:Oncogene Proteins, Fusion; D051789:Proto-Oncogene Protein c-fli-1; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D000094704:RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D034802:RNA-Binding Protein EWS; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D000075142:RUNX1 Translocation Partner 1 Protein; C493728:RUNX1 protein, human; C082222:RUNX1T1 protein, human; D014157:Transcription Factors