title: Chondrocyte and mesenchymal stem cell-based therapies for cartilage repair in osteoarthritis and related orthopaedic conditions.
abstract: Osteoarthritis (OA) represents a final and common pathway for all major traumatic insults to synovial joints. OA is the most common form of degenerative joint disease and a major cause of pain and disability. Despite the global increase in the incidence of OA, there are no effective pharmacotherapies capable of restoring the original structure and function of damaged articular cartilage. Consequently cell-based and biological therapies for osteoarthritis (OA) and related orthopaedic disorders have become thriving areas of research and development. Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) has been used for treatment of osteoarticular lesions for over two decades. Although chondrocyte-based therapy has the capacity to slow down the progression of OA and delay partial or total joint replacement surgery, currently used procedures are associated with the risk of serious adverse events. Complications of ACI include hypertrophy, disturbed fusion, delamination, and graft failure. Therefore there is significant interest in improving the success rate of ACI by improving surgical techniques and preserving the phenotype of the primary chondrocytes used in the procedure. Future tissue-engineering approaches for cartilage repair will also benefit from advances in chondrocyte-based repair strategies. This review article focuses on the structure and function of articular cartilage and the pathogenesis of OA in the context of the rising global burden of musculoskeletal disease. We explore the challenges associated with cartilage repair and regeneration using cell-based therapies that use chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). This paper also explores common misconceptions associated with cell-based therapy and highlights a few areas for future investigation.
authors.affiliation: The D-BOARD European Consortium for Biomarker Discovery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Duke of Kent Building, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom(1); Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom; Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, The University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom; Medical Research Council and Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, The University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom; Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Fahd Medical Research Center (KFMRC), King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: a.mobasheri@surrey.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mobasheri
authors.affiliation: Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Fahd Medical Research Center (KFMRC), King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Gauthaman
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kalamegam
authors.affiliation: Department of Bio-medical Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, Catania 95125, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Musumeci
authors.affiliation: Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom; Centre for Sports Medicine, West Block C Floor, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Mark E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Batt
mesh_terms: D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000473:pathology*; D017690:Cell Transplantation; D019902:Chondrocytes; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000628:therapy*; D023822:Tissue Engineering
keywords: Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI); Cartilage repair; Chondrocyte; Mesenchymal stem cell; Osteoarthritis