title: Sedentary lifestyle and its relation to cardiovascular risk factors, insulin resistance and inflammatory profile.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the association between sitting time and biomarkers of insulin resistance and inflammation in a sample of healthy male workers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study carried out in a sample of 929 volunteers belonging to the Aragon Workers' Health Study cohort. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, pharmacological and laboratory data were collected: lipids-total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoproteins A-1 and B-100, lipoprotein (a)-, insulin resistance-glucose, glycated hemoglobin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, insulin, and triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio-, and inflammatory profile-C-reactive protein and leukocytes. Information on sitting time and physical activity was assessed using a questionnaire. Sedentary behavior was analyzed in terms of prevalences and medians, according to tertiles, using a multivariate model (crude and adjusted linear regression) with biomarkers of inflammation and insulin resistance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most sedentary individuals had higher body mass index, greater waist circumference, and higher systolic blood pressure, with a significant upward trend in each tertile. Likewise, they had a worse lipid profile with a higher C-reactive protein level, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index, triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, and insulin concentration. In the multivariate analysis, we observed a significant association between the latter parameters and sitting time in hours (log C-reactive protein [β = 0.07], log homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index [β = 0.05], triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio [β = 0.23], and insulin [β = 0.44]), which remained after adjustment for metabolic equivalents-h/week.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Workers who spend more time sitting show a worse inflammatory and insulin resistance profile independently of the physical activity performed.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Prevención Cardiovascular, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (I+CS), Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: Montserrat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: León-Latre
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Prevención Cardiovascular, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (I+CS), Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: Belén
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Moreno-Franco
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigación Clínica (I+12), Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; CIBER-ESP (Epidemiología y Salud Pública), Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: eandres@h12o.es.
authors.forename: Eva M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Andrés-Esteban
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Prevención Cardiovascular, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (I+CS), Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ledesma
authors.affiliation: Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Martín
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Laclaustra
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Prevención de Riesgos Laborales de General Motors España, Figueruelas, Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: Víctor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Alcalde
authors.affiliation: Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: José L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Peñalvo
authors.affiliation: Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ordovás
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Prevención Cardiovascular, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (I+CS), Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: José A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Casasnovas
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D057185:Sedentary Behavior
keywords: Cardiovascular risk; Inflamación; Inflammation; Insulin resistance; Resistencia a insulina; Riesgo cardiovascular; Sedentarismo; Sedentary lifestyle