title: Topical prostaglandin analogue drugs inhibit adipocyte differentiation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of topical prostaglandin analogue drugs on the differentiation of adipocytes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes was induced with isobutylmethylxanthine, dexamethasone, and insulin. 3T3-L1 cells were exposed to 0.008, 0.08, 0.2 µM of latanoprost and travoprost. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for mRNA expression of lipoprotein lipase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ 2 (PPARγ2), and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH) assays were performed to examine the effects on early and late differentiation, respectively. Also, glycerol assays were done to evaluate the effect of prostaglandin analogues on lipolysis after differentiation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both prostaglandin analogues inhibited differentiation of preadipocytes. Topical prostaglandin analogues significantly decreased G3PDH activity, a marker of late differentiation. However, topical prostaglandin analogues did not change mRNA expressions of lipoprotein lipase and PPARγ2, markers of early differentiation. The activities of the early markers of differentiation were not changed significantly before and after growth arrest. Compared to latanoprost, travoprost decreased G3PDH activity more significantly (p < 0.05). Both prostaglandin analogues did not affect the lipolysis of differentiated adipocytes (p > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prostaglandin analogues display an inhibitory effect on the differentiation of adipocytes when the cells start to differentiate especially in the late stage of differentiation. Thus, commercial topical prostaglandin analogues may decrease the fat contents of eyelids.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Woo
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D000077338:Latanoprost; D008066:Lipolysis / Q000187:drug effects*; D051379:Mice; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011461:Prostaglandins F, Synthetic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011465:Prostaglandins, Synthetic / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D011461:Prostaglandins F, Synthetic; D011465:Prostaglandins, Synthetic; D000077338:Latanoprost
keywords: Adipocytes; Differentiation; Eyelids; Prostaglandin