title: A 5-year-old boy with miliary and osteoarticular tuberculosis.
abstract: Osteoarticular involvement is one manifestation of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB). We present a 5-year-old Burmese boy with 10 months of right hip pain and decreased range of motion. The patient also had low-grade fever, cough and decreased appetite. The patient was undocumented and had recently moved from Myanmar. He was thin, in moderate distress with bilateral lung rhonchi, mild subcostal retractions, low back pain, right hip tenderness and painful and limited right range of motion. The patient's chest and pelvis radiographs showed a miliary pattern and right acetabulum osteolytic lesions, respectively. He was started on anti-TB medication and cefotaxime. Ofloxacin was added because of the concern of drug-resistant TB. The patient underwent a right hip debridement. His symptoms improved markedly, with improved mobility. TB is a challenging infection to diagnose, which can cause significant delays in management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Charles Henry
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Washington
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
authors.forename: Peninnah
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Oberdorfer
mesh_terms: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018771:Arthralgia / Q000209:etiology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003646:Debridement; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011239:Prednisolone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011859:Radiography; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D014391:Tuberculosis, Miliary / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy; D018088:Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy; D014394:Tuberculosis, Osteoarticular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D011239:Prednisolone