title: Antitussive arabinogalactan of Andrographis paniculata demonstrates synergistic effect with andrographolide.
abstract: Traditional Indian medicines have been used in humans for thousands of years. While the link to a particular indication has been established in man, the active principle of the formulations often remains unknown. In this study, we aim to investigate the structural features and antitussive activity of fractions from Andrographis paniculata leaves. In vivo investigations of water extract (WE), and both ethanol-soluble (WES) and precipitated (WEP) fractions from WE on the citric-acid induced cough efforts and airways smooth muscle reactivity in guinea pigs were performed. Chemical, chromatographic and spectroscopic analysis revealed the existence of a highly branched pectic arabinogalactan (109kDa) in WEP and andrographolide in WES. WEP showed significant antitussive activity while the potencies of WE and WES are even higher. Neither WE nor WES significantly alter specific airway smooth muscle reactivity. Remarkably, the antitussive activity of arabinogalactan could be increased by synergistic action with andrographolide. Finally, traditional aqueous extraction method provides an arabinogalactan from A. paniculata, which stimulate biological response but without addiction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Martin, Slovakia.
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nosáľová
authors.affiliation: Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, WB 713 104, India.
authors.forename: Sujay Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Majee
authors.affiliation: Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, WB 713 104, India.
authors.forename: Kanika
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.affiliation: Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, WB 713 104, India.
authors.forename: Washim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Raja
authors.affiliation: Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, WB 713 104, India.
authors.forename: Udipta Ranjan
authors.initials: UR
authors.lastname: Chatterjee
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Martin, Slovakia.
authors.forename: Ludovít
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jureček
authors.affiliation: Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, WB 713 104, India. Electronic address: bimalendu_ray@yahoo.co.uk.
authors.forename: Bimalendu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ray
mesh_terms: D035685:Andrographis / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D000996:Antitussive Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004224:Diterpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D005685:Galactans / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D008297:Male; D012995:Solubility; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000996:Antitussive Agents; D004224:Diterpenes; D005685:Galactans; D014867:Water; D000431:Ethanol; C030419:andrographolide; C005653:arabinogalactan
keywords: Andrographis paniculata; Andrographolide; Antitussive activity; Arabinogalactan