title: Influence of sildenafil on blood oxygen saturation of the obstructed bladder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Blood oxygen saturation (BOS) is decreased in a low-compliant, overactive obstructed bladder. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of Sildenafil (SC) on bladder function and BOS) in an in vivo animal model of bladder outlet obstruction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two guinea pigs; sham operated (n = 8), sham operated + SC (n = 8), urethrally obstructed (n = 8) and urethrally obstructed + SC (n = 8) were studied during an 8 week period. BOS of the bladder wall was measured by differential path-length spectroscopy (DPS) before obstruction, at day 0, and at week 8. The bladder function was evaluated by urodynamic studies every week.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Before surgery and after sham operation all study parameters were comparable. After sham operation, bladder function and BOS did not change. In the obstructed group the urodynamic parameters were deteriorated and BOS was decreased. In the group obstruction + SC, bladder compliance remained normal and overactivity occurred only sporadic. BOS remained unchanged compared to the sham group and was significantly higher compared to the obstruction group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In an obstructed bladder the loss of bladder function is accompanied by a significant decrease in BOS. Treatment of obstructed bladders with SC yields a situation of high saturation, high bladder compliance and almost no overactivity. Maintaining the microcirculation of the bladder wall might result in better bladder performance without significant loss of bladder function. Measurement of BOS and interventions focussing on tissue microcirculation may have a place in the evaluation / treatment of various bladder dysfunctions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. j.scheepe@erasmusmc.nl.
authors.forename: Jeroen R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Scheepe
authors.forename: Arjen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amelink
authors.forename: Katja P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Wolffenbuttel
authors.forename: Dirk J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kok
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000187:drug effects; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000187:drug effects*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects*; D058986:Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010879:Piperazines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011687:Purines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000068677:Sildenafil Citrate; D013450:Sulfones / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001748:Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D064804:Urological Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D058986:Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors; D010879:Piperazines; D011687:Purines; D013450:Sulfones; D064804:Urological Agents; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D000068677:Sildenafil Citrate; D010100:Oxygen