title: Astaxanthin synthesis by Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous DSM 5626 and its astaxanthin overproducing mutants on xylose media under different illumination.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Astaxanthin is the most important and expensive carotenoid pigment used in aquaculture. Its commercial attractiveness is also related with its antioxidant potential. Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous yeast is considered to be promising for commercial production of astaxanthin. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of the growth and astaxanthin production by X. dendrorhous strains 011 media containing xylose under different illumination.
  
  
  METHODS
  A', dendrorhous DSM 5626 and its mutants: 10BE and 26UV were used in this study. The cultures were carried out 011 hydrolysed rye stillage (HS) and YM medium with xylose (YM-K). Cell concentration, total carotenoid and astaxanthin yields were assessed in 5-day cultures. The effect of illumination in the range of 0-5.000 lx 011 growth and on astaxanthin production of yeasts in cultures run 011 YM-K medium was also examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the tested yeast strains better growth parameters and astaxanthin yields were obtained on the YM-K medium. 011 which for all strains the highest pigment yields were recorded at 600-1.000 lx. The highest concentration of astaxanthin in cells was recorded for 26UV in a culture at 1.000 lx (0.51 g∙kg-1 DCW). The volume yield of the pigment regardless of strain was highest in cultures at 600 lx. In this case 10BE was found to be the best astaxanthin producer with a yield of 2.15 mg dm-3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Astaxanthin synthesis in X. dendrorhous DSM 5626 and its mutants was better 011 YM-K medium comparing to hydrolysed rye stillage. Moreover, carotenogenesis in the studied yeast strains was subjected to marked photoregulation. Illumination within the range of 600-1.000 lx promotes carotenogenesis and astaxanthin production, while exceeding a certain light capacity results in microbial cell death.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Technology of Plant Origin Food, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poland.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stachowiak
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D003470:Culture Media; D007218:Industrial Microbiology / Q000379:methods; D008029:Lighting; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D024341:Xanthophylls / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D014994:Xylose; D015003:Yeasts / Q000254:growth & development*
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D024341:Xanthophylls; D002338:Carotenoids; C005948:astaxanthine; D014994:Xylose