title: Blocking immunosuppressive checkpoints for glioma therapy: the more the Merrier!
abstract: Immunosuppressive checkpoints mediated by IDO, CTLA4, and PD1/PDL1 play a critical role in glioma progression and the efficacy of immunotherapies. Combined blockade of these immunosuppressive checkpoints in a glioma model elicited long-term survival. This combined blockade adds to the armamentarium of anti-glioma therapies, which could be implemented in clinical trials. Clin Cancer Res; 20(20); 5147-9. ©2014 AACR.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neurosurgery and Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and mariacas@umich.edu.
authors.forename: Maria G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neurosurgery and Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
authors.forename: Gregory J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neurosurgery and Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and.
authors.forename: Pedro R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Lowenstein
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D060890:B7-H1 Antigen / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D050503:Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D060890:B7-H1 Antigen; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; D050503:Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase