title: Minimally invasive and robotic Ivor Lewis esophagectomy.
abstract: Esophageal cancer is the eighth most common malignancy and the sixth most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Esophagectomy provides a curative treatment but carries significant morbidity and mortality. Ivor Lewis esophagectomy (ILE) is one of the most commonly employed open techniques of esophagectomy. Minimally invasive approaches have been explored in ILE in an effort to reduce operative morbidity. This article reviews recent literature of minimally invasive Ivor Lewis esophagectomy (MI-ILE), discusses its clinical outcomes, and introduces the robotic approach in MI-ILE. MI-ILE has demonstrated comparable postoperative outcomes to open ILE, and it has shown potential to reduce blood loss and length of hospitalization. Due to limited studies, no significant improvement of long-term survival has been reported in MI-ILE. Robotic ILE is safe and feasible, but more studies are needed to prove identifiable benefits. Randomized controlled trials comparing MI-ILE or robotic ILE with conventional open ILE are warranted to determine the optimal surgical procedure for the treatment of esophageal cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Lingling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Onaitis
keywords: Esophageal cancer; Ivor Lewis esophagectomy (ILE); minimally invasive surgery