title: Reliability, validity, and effectiveness of center of pressure parameters in assessing stabilometric platform in subjects with incomplete spinal cord injury: a serial cross-sectional study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Spinal cord injury (SCI) can damage long tracts, affecting postural stability. Impairments in balance have recently been proposed to be highly predictive of functional recovery in patients with SCI and thus merit evaluation. In addition to common observational clinical scales, more objective evaluation methods of balance can be implemented by analyzing center of pressure (COP) parameters using stabilometric platforms (SPs). COP analysis has been used in various pathologies, but the COP parameters with regard to measurement vary, depending on the features of the target population, and have only been assessed in healthy subjects. Specifically, concerning subjects with SCI, few studies have reported COP parameters, and none has addressed the reliability, validity, or responsiveness of this measure. The objective of this serial cross-sectional study was to analyze the reliability, validity, and responsiveness of COP parameters under various conditions in incomplete SCI subjects to assess balance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-three patients with incomplete SCI were examined 111 times for 1 year. Each session comprised administration of the Berg Balance scale, Tinetti scale, and WISCI scale and evaluation of stabilometric platform use. Stabilometry was performed under various sensory conditions (OF: open feet; CF: closed feet; OE: open eyes; CE: closed eyes), wherein several COP parameters were analyzed (L: COP path length; V: mean COP velocity, VAP: anteroposterior COP velocity; VLL: laterolateral COP velocity, A: COP ellipse area, SA1: x-axis of COP ellipse area; SA2: y-axis of COP ellipse area). The reliability, validity, and responsiveness of COP parameters that were associated with visual/support area conditions were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the COP parameters, V and arithmetically related measures had the highest reliability, validity, and effectiveness scores. Of all test conditions, OE-OF was the most valid, whereas CE-OF was the most responsive.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The assessment of balance in SCI subjects can be reliable, valid, and effective in acquiring V data, based on OF-OE and OF-CE conditions and heel distance values.
authors.affiliation: Clinical and Movement Analysis Research Laboratory- CaRMA Lab, Spinal Cord Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy. f.tamburella@hsantalucia.it.
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tamburella
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Scivoletto
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iosa
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Molinari
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009460:Neurologic Examination / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000502:physiology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055815:Young Adult