title: Embrasure morphology and central papilla recession.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to ascertain the effects of vertical and horizontal distances between the maxillary central incisors on the presence of interproximal dental papilla and to assess the association between the embrasure morphology and central papilla recession.
  
  
  METHODS
  The central papilla was visually assessed in 50 subjects using the standardized periapical radiographs of maxillary central incisors. The following vertical distances were measured; distance from the contact point to papilla tip, CP to proximal cementoenamel (pCEJ) junction, bone crest to CP (BC-CP) and BC-PT. The horizontal distance measured was interdental width (IDW) at pCEJ level. The measurements were recorded using a digital electronic caliper.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant association between the embrasure morphology and central papilla recession was observed for all study groups. All the interdental variables were significantly related to the presence of interdental papillae, with BC-CP distance being the strongest determinant of central papilla presence. The percentage of interdental papilla presence was 100% when the BC-CP distance was ≤6 mm and IDW ranged between 0.5 and 1.5 mm. Central papilla recession was observed most frequently with wide-long and narrow-long embrasure morphology.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In relation to maxillary central incisors, all the interdental variables have significant influences on the presence of interdental papillae, with distance from BC to CP being the strongest determinant of central papilla presence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Guru Nanak Dev Dental College and Research Institute, Sunam, India.
authors.forename: Divya
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Saxena
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, MNDAV Dental College and Hospital, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Anoop
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kapoor
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, National Dental College and Hospital, Derabassi, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Ranjan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Malhotra
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, National Dental College and Hospital, Derabassi, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Vishakha
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Grover
keywords: Central incisor; embrasure; interdental; interproximal; morphology; papilla