title: Persistent left cranial vena cava draining into the left atrium associated with pulmonary stenosis in a French bulldog.
abstract: A 5-month-old female French bulldog was evaluated for the presence of a heart murmur. Through clinical and echocardiographic evaluations, a severe Type A pulmonary stenosis was diagnosed. Angiography during right ventricular catheterization for valvuloplasty revealed drainage from a persistent left cranial vena cava (PLCVC) into the left atrium; this was confirmed later by contrast echocardiography. This report is the first to describe this anatomical variant of a PLCVC in a dog.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovet Clinic, Via dei Pelaghi 100-102, 57124 Livorno, Italy. Electronic address: info@cardiovet.eu.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zani
authors.affiliation: Cardiovet Clinic, Via dei Pelaghi 100-102, 57124 Livorno, Italy.
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Becchetti
authors.affiliation: Cardiovet Clinic, Via dei Pelaghi 100-102, 57124 Livorno, Italy.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Leonardi
authors.affiliation: Cardiovet Clinic, Via dei Pelaghi 100-102, 57124 Livorno, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sinatra
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000151:congenital* / Q000473:pathology; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D006325:Heart Atria; D011666:Pulmonary Valve Stenosis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014683:Vena Cava, Superior / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging
keywords: Bubble study; Canine; Congenital; Contrast echocardiography