title: Statistical optimization of controlled release microspheres containing cetirizine hydrochloride as a model for water soluble drugs.
abstract: The purpose was to improve the encapsulation efficiency of cetirizine hydrochloride (CTZ) microspheres as a model for water soluble drugs and control its release by applying response surface methodology. A 3(3) Box-Behnken design was used to determine the effect of drug/polymer ratio (X1), surfactant concentration (X2) and stirring speed (X3), on the mean particle size (Y1), percentage encapsulation efficiency (Y2) and cumulative percent drug released for 12 h (Y3). Emulsion solvent evaporation (ESE) technique was applied utilizing Eudragit RS100 as coating polymer and span 80 as surfactant. All formulations were evaluated for micromeritic properties and morphologically characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The relative bioavailability of the optimized microspheres was compared with CTZ marketed product after oral administration on healthy human volunteers using a double blind, randomized, cross-over design. The results revealed that the mean particle sizes of the microspheres ranged from 62 to 348 µm and the efficiency of entrapment ranged from 36.3% to 70.1%. The optimized CTZ microspheres exhibited a slow and controlled release over 12 h. The pharmacokinetic data of optimized CTZ microspheres showed prolonged tmax, decreased Cmax and AUC0-∞ value of 3309 ± 211 ng h/ml indicating improved relative bioavailability by 169.4% compared with marketed tablets.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , KSA .
authors.forename: Khalid M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: El-Say
authors.forename: Abdel-Rahim M
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: El-Helw
authors.forename: Osama A A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: Khaled M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Hosny
authors.forename: Tarek A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: Rasha M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Kharshoum
authors.forename: Usama A
authors.initials: UA
authors.lastname: Fahmy
authors.forename: Majed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alsawahli
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D018926:Anti-Allergic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry; D017332:Cetirizine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000737:chemistry*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006601:Hexoses / Q000737:chemistry; D039563:Histamine H1 Antagonists, Non-Sedating / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012995:Solubility; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D018926:Anti-Allergic Agents; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D006601:Hexoses; D039563:Histamine H1 Antagonists, Non-Sedating; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D014867:Water; C018665:sorbitan monooleate; C050528:Eudragit RS; D017332:Cetirizine
keywords: Box–Behnken; Eudragit RS100; cetirizine HCl; emulsion solvent evaporation; microspheres; response surface methodology