title: Effects of oxymatrine on the apoptosis and proliferation of gallbladder cancer cells.
abstract: Gallbladder carcinoma is the most common malignancy of the biliary tract and is associated with a very poor outcome. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of oxymatrine (OM) on gallbladder cancer cells and the possible mechanism of its effects. The effects of OM on the proliferation of gallbladder cancer cells (GBC-SD and SGC-996) were investigated using cell counting kit-8 and colony formation assays. Annexin V/propidium iodide double staining was performed to investigate whether OM could induce apoptosis in gallbladder cancer cells. The mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and expression of apoptosis-associated proteins were evaluated to identify a mechanism for the effects of OM. In addition, the RNA expression of relevant genes was measured by qRT-PCR using the SYBR Green method. Finally, a subcutaneous implantation model was used to verify the effects of OM on tumor growth in vivo. We found that OM inhibited the proliferation of gallbladder cancer cells. In addition, Annexin V/propidium iodide double staining showed that OM induced apoptosis after 48 h and the ΔΨm decreased in a dose-dependent manner after OM treatment. Moreover, the activation of caspase-3 and Bax and downregulation of Bcl-2 and nuclear factor κB were observed in OM-treated cells. Finally, OM potently inhibited in-vivo tumor growth following subcutaneous inoculation of SGC-996 cells in nude mice. In conclusion, OM treatment reduced proliferation and induced apoptosis in gallbladder cancer cells, which suggests that this drug may serve as a novel candidate for adjuvant treatment in patients with gallbladder cancer.
authors.affiliation: aLaboratory of General Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China bDepartment of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Shantou University, Shantou, China.
authors.forename: Xiang-Song
authors.initials: XS
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Tian
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Mao-Lan
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Wen-Guang
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Weng
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Jia-Sheng
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Mu
authors.forename: Run-Fa
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.forename: Yi-Jun
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Shu
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Xu-an
authors.initials: XA
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Qi-Chen
authors.initials: QC
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Shun-Feng
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Ying-Bin
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000470:Alkaloids / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D005706:Gallbladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D008819:Mice, Nude; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D008517:Phytotherapy; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D011807:Quinolizines / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays; D000093842:Matrines
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D011807:Quinolizines; C000595707:BCL2 protein, human; C037573:oxymatrine; D000093842:Matrines