title: Identification of persulfate oxidation products of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon during remediation of contaminated soil.
abstract: The extent of PAH transformation, the formation and transformation of reaction byproducts during persulfate oxidation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in coking plant soil was investigated. Pre-oxidation analyses indicated that oxygen-containing PAHs (oxy-PAHs) existed in the soil. Oxy-PAHs including 1H-phenalen-1-one, 9H-fluoren-9-one, and 1,8-naphthalic anhydride were also produced during persulfate oxidation of PAHs. Concentration of 1,8-naphthalic anhydride at 4h in thermally activated (50°C) persulfate oxidation (TAPO) treatment increased 12.7 times relative to the oxidant-free control. Additionally, the oxy-PAHs originally present and those generated during oxidation can be oxidized by unactivated or thermally activated persulfate oxidation. For example, 9H-fluoren-9-one concentration decreased 99% at 4h in TAPO treatment relative to the control. Thermally activated persulfate resulted in greater oxy-PAHs removal than unactivated persulfate. Overall, both unactivated and thermally activated persulfate oxidation of PAH-contaminated soil reduced PAH mass, and oxidized most of the reaction byproducts. Consequently, this treatment process could limit environmental risk related to the parent compound and associated reaction byproducts.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China. Electronic address: Liaoxy@igsnrr.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Xiaoyong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Xiulan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Ground Water and Ecosystems Restoration Division, Ada, OK, United States.
authors.forename: Scott G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Huling
mesh_terms: D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry*; D013431:Sulfates / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D013431:Sulfates
keywords: Chemical oxidation; Intermediates; Oxy-PAH; Persulfate; Soil remediation