title: Stigma related to sex work among men who engage in transactional sex with men in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Male sex workers (MSW) in Vietnam face high levels of stigma related to sex work, which may be associated with depression and increased vulnerability to HIV.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 2010, 300 MSW completed a behavioral and psychosocial survey. Multivariable models assessed factors associated with sex work-related stigma and the association between stigma and depression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Factors associated with increased stigma included having disclosed sexual orientation to healthcare workers (b 1.75, 95 % CI 0.69-2.80), meeting clients in the street/park (b 1.42, 95 % CI 0.32-2.52), and having been forced to have sex without a condom (b 2.36, 95 % CI 1.27-3.45). Factors associated with decreased stigma included meeting clients via the telephone or internet (b -1.26, 95 % CI -2.39 to -0.12) and receiving financial support from family or friends (b -1.31, 95 % CI -2.46 to -0.17). Stigma was significantly associated with increased odds of depression (AOR 1.07, 95 % CI 1.01-1.15).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Addressing stigma and depression in HIV prevention interventions is crucial for tailoring these programs to MSWs' needs, and may result in decreased HIV spread.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA, ceo242@mail.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Catherine E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Oldenburg
authors.forename: Katie B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Biello
authors.forename: Donn
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Colby
authors.forename: Elizabeth F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Closson
authors.forename: Thi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mai
authors.forename: Thi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Ngoc A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Mimiaga
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018451:Homosexuality, Male / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008960:Models, Psychological; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012309:Risk-Taking; D063507:Sexism / Q000523:psychology*; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D057545:Social Stigma; D012944:Social Support; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014744:Vietnam; D055815:Young Adult