title: Acute embryonic or juvenile exposure to Deepwater Horizon crude oil impairs the swimming performance of mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus).
abstract: The Deepwater Horizon incident likely resulted in exposure of commercially and ecologically important fish species to crude oil during the sensitive early life stages. We show that brief exposure of a water-accommodated fraction of oil from the spill to mahi-mahi as juveniles, or as embryos/larvae that were then raised for ∼25 days to juveniles, reduces their swimming performance. These physiological deficits, likely attributable to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), occurred at environmentally realistic exposure concentrations. Specifically, a 48 h exposure of 1.2 ± 0.6 μg L(-1) ΣPAHs (geometric mean ± SEM) to embryos/larvae that were then raised to juvenile stage or a 24 h exposure of 30 ± 7 μg L(-1) ΣPAHs (geometric mean ± SEM) directly to juveniles resulted in 37% and 22% decreases in critical swimming velocities (Ucrit), respectively. Oil-exposed larvae from the 48 h exposure showed a 4.5-fold increase in the incidence of pericardial and yolk sac edema relative to controls. However, this larval cardiotoxicity did not manifest in a reduced aerobic scope in the surviving juveniles. Instead, respirometric analyses point to a reduction in swimming efficiency as a potential alternative or contributing mechanism for the observed decreases in Ucrit.
authors.affiliation: Division of Marine Biology and Fisheries, University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science , 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, Florida 33149, United States.
authors.forename: Edward M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Mager
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Esbaugh
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Stieglitz
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hoenig
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bodinier
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Incardona
authors.forename: Nathaniel L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Scholz
authors.forename: Daniel D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Benetti
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grosell
mesh_terms: D000332:Aerobiosis / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D001481:Basal Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D005591:Chemical Fractionation; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010473:Perciformes / Q000196:embryology* / Q000502:physiology*; D010578:Petroleum / Q000633:toxicity*; D059392:Petroleum Pollution; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000633:toxicity; D013550:Swimming / Q000502:physiology*; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D010578:Petroleum; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical