title: Socio-emotional factors in alcohol dependence.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Alcohol-dependent patients are traditionally believed to have insecure attachment styles, higher anger expression, and lower self-esteem. There is a need to study them together.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To understand the relationships amongst various of the socio-emotional factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty male patients with Alcohol dependence syndrome and 40 matched healthy controls (General Health Questionnaire-12 score <3) were compared on attachment styles (on Relationship Scale Questionnaire), anger domains (on State Trait Anger Expression Inventory), and self-esteem (on Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale).
  Comparison using independent samples t test and chi square test; correlation using Pearson's correlation coefficient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients had significantly higher anger expression, 'anger in' and 'anger out,' and lower self-esteem than healthy controls. Severity of alcohol dependence had significant correlation with 'anger out,' and self-esteem had significant negative correlation with anger expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study suggests that the socio-emotional factors studied are developmentally linked to each other.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry, Central Institute of Psychiatry, Ranchi, India.
authors.forename: Deyashini Lahiri
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Tikka
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry, Central Institute of Psychiatry, Ranchi, India.
authors.forename: Daya
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ram
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Indu
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dubey
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry, Central Institute of Psychiatry, Ranchi, India.
authors.forename: Sai Krishna
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Tikka
keywords: Alcohol dependence; anger; attachment styles; self-esteem; socio-emotional