title: Breast cancer detection among young survivors of pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma with screening magnetic resonance imaging.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Female survivors of pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) who have received chest radiotherapy are at increased risk of breast cancer. Guidelines for early breast cancer screening among these survivors are based on little data regarding clinical outcomes. This study reports outcomes of breast cancer screening with MRI and mammography (MMG) after childhood HL.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated the results of breast MRI and MMG screening among 96 female survivors of childhood HL treated with chest radiotherapy. Outcomes measured included imaging sensitivity and specificity, breast cancer characteristics, and incidence of additional imaging and breast biopsy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median age at first screening was 30 years, and the median number of MRI screening rounds was 3. Ten breast cancers were detected in 9 women at a median age of 39 years (range, 24-43 years). Half were invasive and half were preinvasive. The median size of invasive tumors was 8 mm (range, 3-15 mm), and none had lymph node involvement. Sensitivity and specificity of the screening modalities were as follows: for MRI alone, 80% and 93.5%, respectively; MMG alone, 70% and 95%, respectively; both modalities combined, 100% and 88.6%, respectively. All invasive tumors were detected by MRI. Additional investigations were required in 52 patients, (54%), and 26 patients (27%) required breast biopsy, with 10 patients requiring more than 1 biopsy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Screening including breast MRI with MMG has high sensitivity and specificity in pediatric HL survivors, with breast cancers detected at an early stage, although it is associated with a substantial rate of additional investigations.
authors.affiliation: Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Hospital, and the Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Minh Thi
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Tieu
authors.forename: Candemir
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cigsar
authors.forename: Sameera
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Diller
authors.forename: B-A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Millar
authors.forename: Pavel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Crystal
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Hodgson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer; D005260:Female; D006689:Hodgkin Disease / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008327:Mammography; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D017741:Survivors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: breast MRI; pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma; screening; second cancer