title: Multimorbidity in women with and without osteoporosis: results from a large US retrospective cohort study 2004-2009.
abstract: To determine the incidence of comorbidities in women with and without osteoporosis, incidence rates per 1,000 person-years were calculated using electronic health records from an integrated healthcare system. The overall comorbidity burden and health service utilization were greater in women with osteoporosis than in the controls.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  This retrospective cohort study describes the incidence of an array of comorbidities in women with and without osteoporosis (OP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Using electronic health records from an integrated healthcare system, we identified 22,414 women aged 55-89 years with OP and 22,414 age-matched controls without OP. Incidence rates (IRs) per 1,000 person-years (P-Y) were calculated and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women with OP had significantly more comorbidities, medications, hospitalizations, and outpatient visits than the controls. Most cardiac comorbidity rates were 20-25% lower in the OP cohort than in the control cohort. Hypertension had the largest rate difference; the IR was 42.0 per 1,000 P-Y (95% CI 40.2-44.0) in the OP cohort compared to 94.0 (95% CI 90.7-97.4) in the control cohort. Rates for cerebrovascular disease were similar for both cohorts at 26 per 1,000 P-Y. Bronchitis, sinusitis, and cystitis were each 55 per 1,000 P-Y in the OP cohort, whereas they ranged from 28 to 34 per 1,000 P-Y in the controls. The OP cohort had decreased incidence of ovarian, uterine, colorectal, and liver cancers and increased incidence of lung cancer, breast cancer, and multiple myeloma, compared to the non-OP cohort. Falls, depression, vision, and musculoskeletal issues were higher for the OP cohort than the controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates the high disease burden in women with OP. This knowledge may help guide the clinical management of this population and may aid in the interpretation of adverse events in randomized clinical trials of OP therapies.
authors.affiliation: Amgen Inc., MS: ASF 2 1120 Veterans Blvd, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA, comalley@amgen.com.
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: O'Malley
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tran
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zapalowski
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Daizadeh
authors.forename: T P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Olenginski
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Cauley
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015897:Comorbidity; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008875:Middle Aged; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010414:Pennsylvania / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies