title: Immune checkpoint blockade.
abstract: Since the development and approval of Ipilimumab, the first immune checkpoint inhibitor licensed for the treatment of metastatic melanoma, clinicians have gained a better understanding of the mode of action, management of toxicities, and assessment of response to this class of drugs. Several antibodies are now in development, aimed at blocking novel immune checkpoint molecules, such as PD-1 and it's corresponding ligand PD-L1. This article summarizes the mechanism of action, preclinical development, and subsequent clinical studies of immune checkpoint antibodies in melanoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA. Electronic address: naidooj@mskcc.org.
authors.forename: Jarushka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Naidoo
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Page
authors.affiliation: Melanoma and Immunotherapy Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
authors.forename: Jedd D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Wolchok
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D060890:B7-H1 Antigen / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000276:immunology; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D000074324:Ipilimumab; D008545:Melanoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D000077594:Nivolumab; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000276:immunology; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D060890:B7-H1 Antigen; C423236:CD274 protein, human; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; D000074324:Ipilimumab; C105992:PDCD1 protein, human; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor; D000077594:Nivolumab; C000594389:atezolizumab
keywords: Anti-CTLA4; Anti–PD-1; Anti–PD-L1; Checkpoint inhibitor; Immunotherapy; Ipilimumab; Nivolumab; Tremelimumab