title: Manufacturing models permitting roll out/scale out of clinically led autologous cell therapies: regulatory and scientific challenges for comparability.
abstract: Manufacturing of more-than-minimally manipulated autologous cell therapies presents a number of unique challenges driven by complex supply logistics and the need to scale out production to multiple manufacturing sites or near the patient within hospital settings. The existing regulatory structure in Europe and the United States imposes a requirement to establish and maintain comparability between sites. Under a single market authorization, this is likely to become an unsurmountable burden beyond two or three sites. Unless alternative manufacturing approaches can be found to bridge the regulatory challenge of comparability, realizing a sustainable and investable business model for affordable autologous cell therapy supply is likely to be extremely demanding. Without a proactive approach by the regulators to close this "translational gap," these products may not progress down the development pipeline, threatening patient accessibility to an increasing number of clinician-led autologous cellular therapies that are already demonstrating patient benefits. We propose three prospective manufacturing models for the scale out/roll out of more-than-minimally manipulated clinically led autologous cell therapy products and test their prospects for addressing the challenge of product comparability with a selected expert reference panel of US and UK thought leaders. This paper presents the perspectives and insights of the panel and identifies where operational, technological and scientific improvements should be prioritized. The main purpose of this report is to solicit feedback and seek input from key stakeholders active in the field of autologous cell therapy in establishing a consensus-based manufacturing approach that may permit the roll out of clinically led autologous cell therapies.
authors.affiliation: EPSRC Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Biological Engineering, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hourd
authors.affiliation: EPSRC Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Biological Engineering, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ginty
authors.affiliation: EPSRC Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Biological Engineering, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chandra
authors.affiliation: EPSRC Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Biological Engineering, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, United Kingdom. Electronic address: D.J.Williams2@lboro.ac.uk.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D064987:Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy / Q000191:economics* / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends*; D005060:Europe; D006801:Humans; D014481:United States
keywords: GMP; autologous cell therapy; comparability; manufacturing; point-of-care; scale-out