title: Exploration of the composition and sources of urban fine particulate matter associated with same-day cardiovascular health effects in Dearborn, Michigan.
abstract: The objective was to explore associations of chemical components and source factors of ambient fine particulate matter (aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm; PM2.5) with cardiovascular (CV) changes following same-day exposure to ambient PM2.5. Twenty-five healthy adults living in rural Michigan were exposed to ambient air in an urban/industrial community for 4 to 5 h daily for five consecutive days. CV health outcomes were measured 1-2 h post exposure. Contributing emission sources were identified via positive matrix factorization. We examined associations between PM2.5 mass, composition and source factors, and same-day changes in CV outcomes using mixed-model analyses. PM2.5 mass (10.8 ± 6.8 μg/m(3)), even at low ambient levels, was significantly associated with increased heart rate (HR). Trace elements as well as secondary aerosol, diesel/urban dust and iron/steel manufacturing factors potentially explained the HR changes. However, trace element analysis demonstrated additional associations with other CV responses including changes in blood pressure (BP), arterial compliance, autonomic balance and trends toward reductions in endothelial function. Two factors were related to BP changes (diesel/urban dust, motor vehicle) and trends toward impaired endothelial function (diesel/urban dust). This study indicates composition of PM2.5 and its sources may contribute to CV health effects independently of PM2.5 mass.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Masako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morishita
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Bard
authors.affiliation: Center for Human Growth and Development and Department of Biostatistics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Niko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kaciroti
authors.affiliation: Air Quality Division, Michigan Department of Environmental Quality, Lansing, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Craig A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Fitzner
authors.affiliation: Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dvonch
authors.affiliation: Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Jack R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Harkema
authors.affiliation: Davis Heart Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rajagopalan
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Robert D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Brook
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002320:Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; D002319:Cardiovascular System; D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D019570:Inhalation Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D008824:Michigan; D008875:Middle Aged; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D012424:Rural Population; D014505:Urban Population; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D004391:Dust; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D052638:Particulate Matter; D001335:Vehicle Emissions