title: Correlation between lipid profile and heme oxygenase system in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the role of heme oxygenase (HO) system in moderate to severe benign prostatic hyperplasia and lower urinary tract symptom patients and the influence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) components on HO-1 or HO-2 prostatic levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred thirty-two consecutive patients who underwent transurethral resection of the prostate were prospectively enrolled. MetS was defined by the International Diabetes Federation. Patients were divided in 2 groups: group A (high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol [HDL-C]≥40 mg/dL and triglycerides<150 mg/dL) and group B (HDL-C<40 mg/dL and triglycerides≥150 mg/dL). Surgical specimens were collected for HO level determination. HO-1 levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and HO-1 levels by Western blotting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with MetS showed lower levels of HO-1 (5.29 vs 6.28 ng/mL; P=.04), HO-2 (1.01 vs 1.83 ng/mL; P=.04), phosphorylated activated protein kinase (pAMPK; 0.62 vs 1.11 AUI; P<.01), and HO-activity (61.43 vs 70.22 AUI; P<.01) with respect to normal. The Pearson correlation analysis showed that HO-1, HO-2, and HO activity were negatively associated with waist circumference (P<.05), body mass index (P<.05), triglycerides (P<.05) and positively with HDL-C (P<.05). Group B showed lower levels of HO-1 (4.7 vs 6.6 ng/mL; P<.05), HO-2 (1.4 vs 0.4 ng/mL; P=.03), HO-activity (69.63 vs 58.42 AUI; P=.04), and higher International Prostate Symptoms Score (21.4 vs 25.0; P<.05) with respect to group A. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that HO-1 and HO activity levels were significantly lower in group B compared with group A. Reduced HDL-C and elevated triglyceride levels decreased HO-1 expression in the prostate tissue. Western blot analysis of tissue samples showed significant differences in basal protein expression levels of HO-2 and pAMPK in group B compared with group A.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alteration of serum triglycerides and HDL-C significantly impairs HO-1 and HO-2 levels in benign prostatic hyperplasia patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Drug Science, Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vanella
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Policlinico Hospital, University of Catania, Catania, Italy. Electronic address: giorgioivan@virgilio.it.
authors.forename: Giorgio Ivan
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Policlinico Hospital, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Sebastiano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cimino
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Policlinico Hospital, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Eugenia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fragalà
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Policlinico Hospital, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Favilla
authors.affiliation: Department of Drug Science, Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li Volti
authors.affiliation: Department of Drug Science, Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Ignazio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Barbagallo
authors.affiliation: Department of Drug Science, Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sorrenti
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Policlinico Hospital, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Morgia
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015153:Blotting, Western; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D059411:Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D020728:Transurethral Resection of Prostate / Q000379:methods; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D014280:Triglycerides; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing); C105245:heme oxygenase-2