title: Production of induced secondary metabolites by a co-culture of sponge-associated actinomycetes, Actinokineospora sp. EG49 and Nocardiopsis sp. RV163.
abstract: Two sponge-derived actinomycetes, Actinokineospora sp. EG49 and Nocardiopsis sp. RV163, were grown in co-culture and the presence of induced metabolites monitored by ¹H NMR. Ten known compounds, including angucycline, diketopiperazine and β-carboline derivatives 1-10, were isolated from the EtOAc extracts of Actinokineospora sp. EG49 and Nocardiopsis sp. RV163. Co-cultivation of Actinokineospora sp. EG49 and Nocardiopsis sp. RV163 induced the biosynthesis of three natural products that were not detected in the single culture of either microorganism, namely N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-acetamide (11), 1,6-dihydroxyphenazine (12) and 5a,6,11a,12-tetrahydro-5a,11a-dimethyl[1,4]benzoxazino[3,2-b][1,4]benzoxazine (13a). When tested for biological activity against a range of bacteria and parasites, only the phenazine 12 was active against Bacillus sp. P25, Trypanosoma brucei and interestingly, against Actinokineospora sp. EG49. These findings highlight the co-cultivation approach as an effective strategy to access the bioactive secondary metabolites hidden in the genomes of marine actinomycetes.
authors.affiliation: Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia. yousef.dashti@griffithuni.edu.au.
authors.forename: Yousef
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dashti
authors.affiliation: Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia. t.grkovic@griffith.edu.au.
authors.forename: Tanja
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Grkovic
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany II, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 3, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany. usama.ramadan@uni-wuerzburg.de.
authors.forename: Usama Ramadan
authors.initials: UR
authors.lastname: Abdelmohsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany II, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 3, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany. ute.hentschel@uni-wuerzburg.de.
authors.forename: Ute
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hentschel
authors.affiliation: Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia. r.quinn@griffith.edu.au.
authors.forename: Ronald J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Quinn
mesh_terms: D039903:Actinobacteria / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D000977:Antiparasitic Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D006801:Humans; D018320:Leishmania major / Q000187:drug effects; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D011161:Porifera / Q000382:microbiology*; D014344:Trypanocidal Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D014346:Trypanosoma brucei brucei / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000977:Antiparasitic Agents; D014344:Trypanocidal Agents