title: Is glaucoma comprehension associated with psychological disturbance and vision-related quality of life for patients with glaucoma? A cross-sectional study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether understanding of glaucoma is associated with psychological disturbance and vision-related quality of life (QoL) in patients with glaucoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, hospital-based, cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Shanghai, China.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five hundred patients with glaucoma were included in the study. Participants were asked to complete the glaucoma comprehension questionnaire, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire, and the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire (NEI VFQ-25).
  
  
  METHODS
  Sociodemographic data and clinical data were collected. Multivariate adjusted linear regression analyses were performed to examine factors related to psychological disorder and QoL. The relationship between understanding of glaucoma and psychological status or QoL was analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of patients was 56.5±17.2 years, and the mean duration of glaucoma was 4.6±6.3 years. About half (54.2%) of the patients had primary open angle glaucoma, 37.2% had primary angle closure glaucoma, and 8.6% had secondary glaucoma. The total score and the subscores of knowledge of glaucoma, compliance and habits were all negatively correlated with the HADS-Depression and HADS scores. For NEI VFQ-25, the total comprehension score was positively related to general vision, near activity, distance activity, social function, colour vision and the composite score. Habits had a significant influence on both HADS-Depression and the composite score of NEI VFQ-25.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The level of understanding about glaucoma is an independent factor negatively associated with psychological disturbance and positively associated with QoL in patients with glaucoma. However, it is a subjective factor which can be regulated, so imparting knowledge about glaucoma and establishing appropriate habits might help patients alleviate psychological disturbance and enhance their QoL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Xiang Mei
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Wen Qing
authors.initials: WQ
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jia Xu
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Xing Huai
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D032882:Comprehension; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult