title: Human health risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from consumption of blood cockle and exposure to contaminated sediments and water along the Klang Strait, Malaysia.
abstract: The concentration of carcinogenic poly aromatic hydrocarbons (c-PAHs) present in water and sediment of Klang Strait as well as in the edible tissue of blood cockle (Anadara granosa) was investigated. The human health risk of c-PAHs was assessed in accordance with the standards of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). The cancer risks of c-PAHs to human are expected to occur through the consumption of blood cockles or via gastrointestinal exposure to polluted sediments and water in Kalng Strait. The non-carcinogenic risks that are associated with multiple pathways based on ingestion rate and contact rates with water were higher than the US EPA safe level at almost all stations, but the non-carcinogenic risks for eating blood cockle was below the level of US EPA concern. A high correlation between concentrations of c-PAHs in different matrices showed that the bioaccumulation of c-PAHs by blood cockles could be regarded as a potential health hazard for the consumers.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Food Quality and Safety Research Department, Food Science and Technology Research Institute, ACECR Mashhad Branch, Mashhad 91775-1376, Iran. Electronic address: belintavakoli332@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Seyedeh Belin
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Tavakoly Sany
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Rosli
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hashim
authors.affiliation: Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Food Quality and Safety Research Department, Food Science and Technology Research Institute, ACECR Mashhad Branch, Mashhad 91775-1376, Iran.
authors.forename: Majid
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rezayi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Aishah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salleh
authors.affiliation: Chancellor's Postdoctoral Research Fellow, School of the Environment, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), CB04.05.51A, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia.
authors.forename: Mohammad Azizur
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Omid
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Safari
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sasekumar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049873:Cardiidae / Q000737:chemistry*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008296:Malaysia; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Blood cockle (Anadara granosa); Carcinogenic risk for human consumption; Malaysia; PAHs; Toxicity assessment