title: Flow-based impedimetric immunosensor for aflatoxin analysis in milk products.
abstract: Label-free detection technique based on impedance was investigated for aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) and aflatoxin M2 (AFM2) analysis in milk products. The impedance change resulting from antigen-antibody interaction was studied using a two-electrode setup made up of silver (Ag) wire. Processed milk such as drinking yogurt and flavored milk samples were analyzed in a flow-based setup. Two microflow pumps were used to construct the flow system where analytes (AFM1 and AFM2) were injected and impedance was measured using functionalized Ag wire electrodes. The flow system was optimized by adjusting both inlet and outlet flows to maintain the reaction volume optimum for impedance measurements. Using Bode plot, the matrix effect was investigated for detection of AFM1 and AFM2 in various matrices. Good recoveries were obtained even at low-AFM1 concentrations in the range of 1-100 pg/mL. The influence of AFM2 on the detection of AFM1 was also investigated. The proposed method provides good scope for online monitoring of such hazardous toxins in milk products.
authors.affiliation: Biosensor Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, BITS, Pilani-K. K. Birla Goa Campus, Goa, 403726, India, lizy_kanungo@yahoo.co.in.
authors.forename: Lizy
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kanungo
authors.forename: Gautam
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bacher
authors.forename: Sunil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhand
mesh_terms: D016607:Aflatoxin M1 / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D000348:Aflatoxins / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D000818:Animals; D000937:Antigen-Antibody Reactions / Q000276:immunology; D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D003611:Dairy Products / Q000382:microbiology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005504:Food Analysis; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D000348:Aflatoxins; D016607:Aflatoxin M1; C030379:aflatoxin M2