title: Gingival abrasion and recession in manual and oscillating-rotating power brush users.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess gingival recession (GR) in manual and power toothbrush users and evaluate the relationship between GR and gingival abrasion scores (GA).
  
  
  METHODS
  This was an observational (cross-sectional), single-centre, examiner-blind study involving a single-brushing exercise, with 181 young adult participants: 90 manual brush users and 91 oscillating-rotating power brush users. Participants were assessed for GR and GA as primary response variables. Secondary response variables were the level of gingival inflammation, plaque score reduction and brushing duration. Pearson correlation was used to describe the relationship between number of recession sites and number of abrasions. Prebrushing (baseline) and post-brushing GA and plaque scores were assessed and differences analysed using paired tests. Two-sample t-test was used to analyse group differences; ancova was used for analyses of post-brushing changes with baseline as covariate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 97.8% of the study population had at least one site of ≥1 mm of gingival recession. For the manual group, this percentage was 98.9%, and for the power group, this percentage was 96.7% (P = 0.621). Post-brushing, the power group showed a significantly smaller GA increase than the manual group (P = 0.004); however, there was no significant correlation between number of recession sites and number of abrasions for either group (P ≥ 0.327).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Little gingival recession was observed in either toothbrush user group; the observed GR levels were comparable. Lower post-brushing gingival abrasion levels were seen in the power group. There was no correlation between gingival abrasion as a result of brushing and the observed gingival recession following use of either toothbrush.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, ACTA, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: N A M
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Rosema
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Adam
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Grender
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Van der Sluijs
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Supranoto
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Van der Weijden
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000517:prevention & control; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D005881:Gingiva / Q000293:injuries*; D005889:Gingival Recession / Q000209:etiology*; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000145:classification; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013997:Time Factors; D014099:Toothbrushing / Q000295:instrumentation*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents
keywords: gingival abrasion; gingival recession; gingivitis; plaque; toothbrushing