title: Validation of phenol red versus gravimetric method for water reabsorption correction and study of gender differences in Doluisio's absorption technique.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to develop a method for water flux reabsorption measurement in Doluisio's Perfusion Technique based on the use of phenol red as a non-absorbable marker and to validate it by comparison with gravimetric procedure. The compounds selected for the study were metoprolol, atenolol, cimetidine and cefadroxil in order to include low, intermediate and high permeability drugs absorbed by passive diffusion and by carrier mediated mechanism. The intestinal permeabilities (Peff) of the drugs were obtained in male and female Wistar rats and calculated using both methods of water flux correction. The absorption rate coefficients of all the assayed compounds did not show statistically significant differences between male and female rats consequently all the individual values were combined to compare between reabsorption methods. The absorption rate coefficients and permeability values did not show statistically significant differences between the two strategies of concentration correction. The apparent zero order water absorption coefficients were also similar in both correction procedures. In conclusion gravimetric and phenol red method for water reabsorption correction are accurate and interchangeable for permeability estimation in closed loop perfusion method.
authors.affiliation: Department of Engineering, Pharmacy Section, Miguel Hernandez University, Carretera Alicante Valencia km 87, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, Spain; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Etiler, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Fatmanur
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tuğcu-Demiröz
authors.affiliation: Department of Engineering, Pharmacy Section, Miguel Hernandez University, Carretera Alicante Valencia km 87, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, Spain.
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Alvarez
authors.affiliation: Department of Engineering, Pharmacy Section, Miguel Hernandez University, Carretera Alicante Valencia km 87, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, Spain.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Alvarez
authors.affiliation: Department of Engineering, Pharmacy Section, Miguel Hernandez University, Carretera Alicante Valencia km 87, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, Spain. Electronic address: mbermejo@goumh.umh.es.
authors.forename: Marival
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bermejo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001262:Atenolol / Q000378:metabolism; D002434:Cefadroxil / Q000378:metabolism; D002927:Cimetidine / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008790:Metoprolol / Q000378:metabolism; D010477:Perfusion; D010637:Phenolsulfonphthalein; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014867:Water / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D014867:Water; D002434:Cefadroxil; D001262:Atenolol; D002927:Cimetidine; D008790:Metoprolol; D010637:Phenolsulfonphthalein
keywords: Atenolol; Cefadroxil; Cimetidine; Doluisio’s Perfusion Technique; Metoprolol; Water-flux correction