title: Diclofenac topical gel in excisional wounds maintain heal quality and reduce phlogistic signals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate diclofenac topical gel as an alternative to reduce phlogistic signals and maintain quality of wound repair.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen Wistar rats were used in this study; four excisional wounds were performed on the dorsum of each animal. Once in a day, cranial wounds received topical diclofenac gel administration and caudal wounds were washed with isotonic saline. After seven, 14 and 21 postoperative days, five animals were randomly chosen for macroscopic and microscopic wound analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On the 7th day: diclofenac wounds showed significant higher scab formation, however showed less phlogistic signal; diclofenac wounds had larger area and had less neutrophil invasion. On the 14th day: No area difference was noted and diclofenac wounds showed less hyperemia and phlogistic signals; diclofenac wounds showed greater keratinocytes invasion. On the 21st day: Almost all wounds were closed and there were no difference regarding the type of scar formation; diclofenac wounds showed greater monocytes invasion and lower angiogenesis level. No difference was noted in any postoperative day regarding fibroblast invasion, collagen deposit quantity and quality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diclofenac topical gel is capable of reducing phlogistic signals and do not cause fibroblast or keratinocyte downregulation thus do not lead to excisional wound healing impairment.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Para State University, Belem, PA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Felipe Lobato da Silva
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, UEPA, Belem, PA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Laila Deprá
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Tiussi
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, UEPA, Belem, PA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mayara Silva
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Nascimento
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, UEPA, Belem, PA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Antonio Carlos de Souza
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Corrêa
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, UEPA, Belem, PA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Edson Yuzur
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Yasojima
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, UEPA, Belem, PA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carla Andréa Avelar
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Pires
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D003094:Collagen / Q000187:drug effects; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects; D005782:Gels / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects; D011897:Random Allocation; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D005782:Gels; D004008:Diclofenac; D003094:Collagen