title: Distal convoluted tubule.
abstract: The distal convoluted tubule is the nephron segment that lies immediately downstream of the macula densa. Although short in length, the distal convoluted tubule plays a critical role in sodium, potassium, and divalent cation homeostasis. Recent genetic and physiologic studies have greatly expanded our understanding of how the distal convoluted tubule regulates these processes at the molecular level. This article provides an update on the distal convoluted tubule, highlighting concepts and pathophysiology relevant to clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; ars129@pitt.edu.
authors.forename: Arohan R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Subramanya
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine and Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; and Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, Oregon.
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Ellison
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002413:Cations, Divalent / Q000378:metabolism*; D053503:Epithelial Sodium Channels / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007686:Kidney Tubules, Distal / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D008274:Magnesium / Q000378:metabolism; D011188:Potassium / Q000378:metabolism*; D024661:Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D065608:Renal Reabsorption / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism*; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000378:metabolism*; D064486:Solute Carrier Family 12, Member 3 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002413:Cations, Divalent; D053503:Epithelial Sodium Channels; D024661:Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying; D064486:Solute Carrier Family 12, Member 3; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D012964:Sodium; C118135:OXSR1 protein, human; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; C486409:STK39 protein, human; D008274:Magnesium; D011188:Potassium; D002118:Calcium
keywords: Na transport; distal tubule; mineral metabolism; potassium channels; renal physiology