title: Risk factors for development of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-positive clinical culture in nasal carriers after decolonization treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Active surveillance systems are effective in reducing health care-associated infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Nonetheless, some patients develop MRSA infection despite control measures. We tried to identify risk factors related to the appearance of MRSA at sites other than the nasal fossa in patients who were nasal carriers of MRSA.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective case-control study was conducted in an active surveillance program for MRSA between January 2009 and December 2010 at a Spanish teaching hospital. Cases were patients with MRSA in the anterior nares and a length of stay of at least 5 days who developed MRSA-positive clinical culture after decolonization treatment had started. Controls were patients with the same characteristics as the case group, except that they did not develop MRSA-positive clinical culture as verified by negative clinical cultures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors were analyzed, the emergence of mupirocin-resistant MRSA clones after decolonization treatment, and residence in a nursing home were marginally significant in the univariate analysis. The detection of the emergence of mupirocin-resistant MRSA clones was independently associated with the detection of MRSA in other clinical locations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In an active surveillance program for MRSA it is important to determine the mupirocin susceptibility of the isolates to determine appropriate treatment and to verify negativity after decolonizing treatment has been completed.
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Servicio de Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, La Laguna, Canary Islands, Spain. Electronic address: portomiri@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hernández-Porto
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Servicio de Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, La Laguna, Canary Islands, Spain.
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Servicio de Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, La Laguna, Canary Islands, Spain.
authors.forename: Maria Jose
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.affiliation: Área de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Canary Islands, Spain.
authors.forename: Angeles
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arias
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria Carretera del Rosario, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.
authors.forename: Armando
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aguirre-Jaime
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Servicio de Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, La Laguna, Canary Islands, Spain.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lecuona
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002353:Carrier State / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D005260:Female; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016712:Mupirocin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D016712:Mupirocin
keywords: Colonization; Infection; MRSA