title: Liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry study of nilutamide and its stress degradation products: in silico toxicity prediction of degradation products.
abstract: Nilutamide, a nonsteroidal anti-androgen drug, widely used in the treatment of prostate cancer, was subjected to hydrolytic, photolytic, thermal and oxidative stress conditions as per International Conference on Harmonization guidelines Q1A (R2). Nilutamide showed significant degradation under basic hydrolysis and photolytic stress conditions, while it was stable to neutral, acidic and thermal stress conditions. Five degradation products were formed and the chromatographic separation of nilutamide and its degradation products was achieved on a Waters C18 column (4.6 × 250 mm, 5 µm) using a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 0.1% of formic acid in an isocratic elution method. All these degradation products were characterized by LC/MS/MS in negative ion mode, combined with accurate mass measurements. To assign likely structures for the observed degradation products, the fragmentation patterns of the deprotonated drug and its degradation products were compared. The in silico toxicity of the drug and its degradation products was also assessed using TOPKAT software. The carcinogenicity probability of the degradation products, DP-I-IV, was greater than that of nilutamide.
authors.affiliation: National Centre for Mass Spectrometry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, India.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ramesh Babu
authors.forename: Roshan M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Borkar
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Raju
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Raju
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Srinivas
mesh_terms: D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000737:chemistry*; D004355:Drug Stability; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D006868:Hydrolysis; D048289:Imidazolidines / Q000737:chemistry*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010782:Photolysis; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D048289:Imidazolidines; C021277:nilutamide
keywords: LC/ESI-MS/MS; accurate mass measurements; degradation products; nilutamide