title: Methylphenidate treatment causes oxidative stress and alters energetic metabolism in an animal model of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate oxidative damage through the thiobarbituric acid-reactive species (TBARS) and protein carbonyl groups; antioxidant enzymatic system - superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT); and energetic metabolism in the brain of spontaneously hypertensive adult rats (SHR) after both acute and chronic treatment with methylphenidate hydrochloride (MPH).
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult (60 days old) SHRs were treated during 28 days (chronic treatment), or 1 day (acute treatment). The rats received one i.p. injection per day of either saline or MPH (2 mg/kg). Two hours after the last injection, oxidative damage parameters and energetic metabolism in the cerebellum, prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, striatum and cortex were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed that both acute and/or chronic treatment increased TBARS and carbonyl groups, and decreased SOD and CAT activities in many of the brain structures evaluated. Regarding the energetic metabolism evaluation, the acute and chronic treatment altered the energetic metabolism in many of the brain structures evaluated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We observed that both acute and chronic use of methylphenidate hydrochloride (MPH) in adult spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) was associated with increased oxidative stress and energetic metabolism alterations. These data also reinforce the importance of the SHR animal model in further studies regarding MPH.
authors.affiliation: 1 Laboratory of Neurosciences, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, 88806-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Clarissa M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Comim
authors.affiliation: 1 Laboratory of Neurosciences, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, 88806-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Karin M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.affiliation: 1 Laboratory of Neurosciences, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, 88806-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gislaine Z
authors.initials: GZ
authors.lastname: Réus
authors.affiliation: 2 Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, 88806-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fabrícia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Petronilho
authors.affiliation: 2 Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, 88806-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gabriela K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: 2 Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, 88806-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Emílio L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Streck
authors.affiliation: 2 Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, 88806-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Felipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dal-Pizzol
authors.affiliation: 1 Laboratory of Neurosciences, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, 88806-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: João
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Quevedo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000378:metabolism*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000633:toxicity*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000633:toxicity*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D008774:Methylphenidate