title: Tobacco smoking patterns and differential food effects on prostate and breast cancers among smokers and nonsmokers in Córdoba, Argentina.
abstract: The aim of this study was to estimate the effect of diet on prostate and breast cancer (PC and BC) risks in smokers and nonsmokers and to explore the effect modification between smoking and dietary patterns. PC or BC incidence rates were assessed spatially according to tobacco exposure, age-adjusted standardization using lung cancer mortality as a proxy. Two case-control studies were carried out in Argentina (2008-2012). Participants were interviewed about their diet, smoking habits, and other lifestyle factors. Multilevel models were fitted including family history of cancer as the random intercept for the second level, and diet and lifestyle variables as covariates. Tobacco exposure was aggregated spatially. Family history of cancer significantly accounts for PC and BC. In smokers, high intake of fat meat increased PC and BC risks [odds ratio (OR) 1.56, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.81-3.05 and OR 6.01, 95% CI 1.99-8.19, respectively]. PC and BC risks were also greater in smokers with high intakes of fatty foods (OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.09-3.50 and OR 24.2, 95% CI 0.82-7.21, respectively). Moderate intake of nonstarchy vegetables and risk of PC were inversely associated in nonsmokers (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.20-1.48). In smoker women, BC risk was associated with sweet drink consumption (OR 2.96, 95% CI 1.10-7.92) and ethanol intake (OR 5.15, 95% CI 1.88-14.16). Spatial distributions of cancer incidence rates match those of tobacco exposure. Differential effects of diet on PC and BC risks were found in smokers and nonsmokers.
authors.affiliation: aInstitute for Research on Health Sciences bBiostatistics Unit, School of Nutrition, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Córdoba, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET) cCenter of Research and Studies in Culture and Society, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CIECS-CONICET) dBiostatistics Unit, School of Nutrition, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina eLaboratory of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, IRCCS Saverio de Bellis, Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: María D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Román
authors.forename: Camila
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Niclis
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tumas
authors.forename: María Del Pilar
authors.initials: Mdel P
authors.lastname: Díaz
authors.forename: Alberto R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Osella
authors.forename: Sonia E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Muñoz
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001118:Argentina / Q000453:epidemiology; D001628:Beverages; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004032:Diet / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019422:Dietary Sucrose; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat; D008875:Middle Aged; D055361:Multilevel Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014675:Vegetables
chemical_list: D019422:Dietary Sucrose