title: The interferon-inducible antiviral protein Daxx is not essential for interferon-mediated protection against avian sarcoma virus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The antiviral protein Daxx acts as a restriction factor of avian sarcoma virus (ASV; Retroviridae) in mammalian cells by promoting epigenetic silencing of integrated proviral DNA. Although Daxx is encoded by a type I (α/β) interferon-stimulated gene, the requirement for Daxx in the interferon anti-retroviral response has not been elucidated. In this report, we describe the results of experiments designed to investigate the role of Daxx in the type I interferon-induced anti-ASV response.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using an ASV reporter system, we show that type I interferons are potent inhibitors of ASV replication. We demonstrate that, while Daxx is necessary to silence ASV gene expression in the absence of interferons, type I interferons are fully-capable of inducing an antiviral state in the absence of Daxx.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results provide evidence that Daxx is not essential for the anti-ASV interferon response in mammalian cells, and that interferons deploy multiple, redundant antiviral mechanisms to protect cells from ASV.
authors.forename: Kelsey A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Haugh
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shalginskikh
authors.forename: Shoko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nogusa
authors.forename: Anna Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Skalka
authors.affiliation: Immune Cell Development and Host Defense Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Room 422 Reimann Building, 333 Cottman Ave,, 19111 Philadelphia, PA, USA. richard.katz@fccc.edu.
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: Siddharth
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Balachandran
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D001358:Avian Sarcoma Viruses / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology*; D001717:Birds; D002460:Cell Line; D056970:Co-Repressor Proteins; D006801:Humans; D007370:Interferon Type I / Q000276:immunology*; D018832:Molecular Chaperones; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D056970:Co-Repressor Proteins; C106985:DAXX protein, human; D007370:Interferon Type I; D018832:Molecular Chaperones; D009687:Nuclear Proteins