title: Liquid-liquid microextraction in a multicommuted flow system for direct spectrophotometric determination of iodine value in biodiesel.
abstract: A flow-based procedure was developed for the direct spectrophotometric determination of the iodine value (IV) in biodiesel. The procedure was based on the microextraction/reaction of unsaturated compounds with triiodide ions in an aqueous medium by inserting the reagent solution between the aliquots of biodiesel without any pretreatment. The interaction occurred through the biodiesel film formed on the inner walls of the hydrophobic tube used as the reactor and at the aqueous/biodiesel interfaces. The spectrophotometric detection was based on the discoloration of the I3(-) reagent in the aqueous phase by using a glass tube coupled to a fiber-optic spectrophotometer as the detection cell. Reference solutions were prepared by dilution of biodiesel samples with previously determined IV in hexane. The analytical response was linear for IV from 13 to 135 g I2/100 g with a detection limit of 5 g I2/100 g. A coefficient of variation of 1.7% (n=10) and a sampling rate of 108 determinations per hour were achieved by consuming 224 μL of the sample and 200 μg of I2 per determination. The slopes of analytical curves obtained with three different biodiesel samples were in agreement (variations in slopes lower than 3.1%), thus indicating an absence of any matrix effects. Results for biodiesel samples from different sources agreed with the volumetric official procedure at the 95% confidence level. The proposed procedure is therefore a simple, fast, and reliable alternative for estimating the iodine value of biodiesel.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, P.O. Box 96, Piracicaba, SP 13400-970, Brazil.
authors.forename: Andréia C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, P.O. Box 96, Piracicaba, SP 13400-970, Brazil. Electronic address: frprocha@cena.usp.br.
authors.forename: Fábio R P
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Rocha
mesh_terms: D056804:Biofuels / Q000032:analysis*; D017022:Flow Injection Analysis; D007455:Iodine / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D059627:Liquid Phase Microextraction; D013053:Spectrophotometry; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels; D014867:Water; D007455:Iodine
keywords: Biodiesel; Flow analysis; Iodine value; Microextraction; Multicommutation; Triiodide