title: Novel tools for prostate cancer prognosis, diagnosis, and follow-up.
abstract: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is the main diagnostic tool when it comes to prostate cancer but it possesses serious limitations. Therefore, there is an urgent need for more sensitive and specific biomarkers for prostate cancer prognosis and patient follow-up. Recent advances led to the discovery of many novel diagnostic/prognostic techniques and provided us with many worthwhile candidates. This paper briefly reviews the most promising biomarkers with respect to their implementation in screening, early detection, diagnostic confirmation, prognosis, and prediction of therapeutic response or monitoring disease and recurrence; and their use as possible therapeutic targets. This review also examines the possible future directions in the field of prostate cancer marker research.
authors.affiliation: Physiology Laboratory, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, 11527 Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5668-9853
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dimakakos
authors.affiliation: Physiology Laboratory, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, 11527 Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Athanasios
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5864-1818
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Armakolas
authors.affiliation: Physiology Laboratory, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, 11527 Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3340-9916
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koutsilieris
mesh_terms: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000378:metabolism*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D011379:Prognosis; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; C110843:PSCA protein, human