title: T cells and their cytokines in persistent stimulation of the immune system.
abstract: Age-dependent dysregulations of innate immunity impair effective priming of adaptive immunity. Alteration of helper functions of CD4 T cells during aging prevents them from sustaining cytotoxic responses of CD8 T cells against pathogens. The main characteristics of aged and/or differentiated T cells included telomere erosion, reduction of proliferation, decrease of IL-2 secretion and responsiveness, loss of CD28 and acquisition of cytotoxic properties. Phenotypic and functional modifications associated with aging affect development, differentiation, exhaustion/senescence status, migration, signalisation and metabolism of T lymphocytes. Magnitude and breadth of T cells responses are also regulated by the nature and extent of APCs activation. In our review, we focus on how the T cells age chronologically and within a persistent infection context. The T cell classification is not discussed in details here as it has been recently well documented [1(•)] however we focus on how cytokines may participate in immune senescence.
authors.affiliation: Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Immunos Building, 8A Biomedical Grove, Biopolis, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138648 Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Hassen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kared
authors.affiliation: Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Immunos Building, 8A Biomedical Grove, Biopolis, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138648 Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Camous
authors.affiliation: Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Immunos Building, 8A Biomedical Grove, Biopolis, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138648 Singapore, Singapore. Electronic address: anis_larbi@immunol.a-star.edu.sg.
authors.forename: Anis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Larbi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016922:Cellular Senescence; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology*; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic