title: Maggot Therapy for Elephantiasis Nostras Verrucosa Reveals New Applications and New Complications: A Case Report.
abstract: Elephantiasis nostras verrucosa (ENV) is a rare dermatologic condition caused by chronic nonfilarial lymphedema. The treatment for ENV is challenging and based solely on case reports. We report novel therapy for ENV with maggot debridement therapy (MDT), an effective wound therapy that has gained popularity with the rise of antimicrobial resistance. MDT, in combination with tangential surgical debridement, was effective in the treatment of ENV. In nature, sheep infested with more than 16 000 blow fly larvae exhibit ammonia toxicity. Although hyperammonemia as a side effect of maggot therapy has been theorized, its existence has not been described in human studies until this case. This patient exhibited hyperammonemia during maggot therapy; with alterations in serum ammonia reflecting changes in larval population. Maggot therapy should be considered for the treatment of ENV. Hyperammonemia with maggot therapy exists, and clinicians who employ this treatment should be aware of this potential adverse effect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Gregory M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Borst
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Claudia E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Goettler
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA kachares@ecu.edu.
authors.forename: Swapnil D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Kachare
authors.affiliation: BioTherapeutics, Education & Research (BTER) Foundation, Irvine, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Ronald A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Sherman
keywords: 
                 Lucilia cuprina
              ; ammonia; elephantiasis nostras verrucosa; maggot therapy