title: Nanoparticles containing allotropes of carbon have genotoxic effects on glioblastoma multiforme cells.
abstract: The carbon-based nanomaterial family consists of nanoparticles containing allotropes of carbon, which may have a number of interactions with biological systems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of nanoparticles comprised of pristine graphene, reduced graphene oxide, graphene oxide, graphite, and ultradispersed detonation diamond in a U87 cell line. The scope of the work consisted of structural analysis of the nanoparticles using transmission electron microscopy, evaluation of cell morphology, and assessment of cell viability by Trypan blue assay and level of DNA fragmentation of U87 cells after 24 hours of incubation with 50 μg/mL carbon nanoparticles. DNA fragmentation was studied using single-cell gel electrophoresis. Incubation with nanoparticles containing the allotropes of carbon did not alter the morphology of the U87 cancer cells. However, incubation with pristine graphene and reduced graphene oxide led to a significant decrease in cell viability, whereas incubation with graphene oxide, graphite, and ultradispersed detonation diamond led to a smaller decrease in cell viability. The results of a comet assay demonstrated that pristine graphene, reduced graphene oxide, graphite, and ultradispersed detonation diamond caused DNA damage and were therefore genotoxic in U87 cells, whereas graphene oxide was not.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Mateusz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hinzmann
authors.affiliation: Division of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Sławomir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jaworski
authors.affiliation: Division of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kutwin
authors.affiliation: Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jagiełło
authors.affiliation: Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Rafał
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Koziński
authors.affiliation: Division of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Mateusz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wierzbicki
authors.affiliation: Division of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grodzik
authors.affiliation: Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Ludwika
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lipińska
authors.affiliation: Division of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sawosz
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Andrè
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chwalibog
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D002244:Carbon / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D004249:DNA Damage; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics*; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D002244:Carbon
keywords: diamond; genotoxicity; glioblastoma multiforme; graphene; graphite; nanostructures