title: Cigarette smoking and gestational diabetes mellitus in Hispanic woman.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hispanic women are at increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) as compared to non-Hispanic white women. While smoking has been associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes, studies of smoking and GDM are sparse and conflicting. Therefore, we evaluated the relationship between cigarette smoking and GDM in Hispanic women.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a pooled analysis of two Hispanic datasets based in Massachusetts: the UMass Medical Health Care dataset and the Proyecto Buena Salud dataset. A total of 3029 Hispanic prenatal care patients with singleton gestations were included. Cigarette smoking prior to and during pregnancy was collected via self-report. Diagnosis of GDM was abstracted from medical records and confirmed by study obstetricians.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One-fifth of participants (20.4%) reported smoking prior to pregnancy, and 11.0% reported smoking in pregnancy. A total of 143 women (4.7%) were diagnosed with GDM. We did not observe an association between pre-pregnancy cigarette smoking and odds of GDM (multivariable OR=0.77, 95% CI 0.47, 1.25). In contrast, smoking during pregnancy was associated with a 54% reduction in odds of GDM (OR=0.46, 95% CI 0.22, 0.95). However, this association was no longer statistically significant after adjustment for age, parity, and study site (OR=0.47, 95% CI 0.23, 1.00).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this population of Hispanic pregnant women, we did not observe statistically significant associations between pre-pregnancy smoking and odds of GDM. A reduction in odds of GDM among those who smoked during pregnancy was no longer apparent after adjustment for important diabetes risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Massachusetts Medical School/UMass Memorial Health Care, Worcester, MA, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School/UMass Memorial Health Care, Worcester, MA, United States.
authors.forename: Tiffany A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Moore Simas
authors.affiliation: Division of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States.
authors.forename: Kathleen L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Szegda
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Massachusetts Medical School/UMass Memorial Health Care, Worcester, MA, United States.
authors.forename: Xun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: Division of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States.
authors.forename: Penelope
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pekow
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA, United States.
authors.forename: Glenn
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Markenson
authors.affiliation: Division of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States. Electronic address: LCT@schoolph.umass.edu.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chasan-Taber
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000209:etiology; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011295:Prenatal Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000208:ethnology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cigarettes; Gestational diabetes; Latina; Pregnancy; Smoking