title: Highly active antiretroviral therapy during gestation: effects on a rat model of pregnancy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the adverse effects of the chronic use of zidovudine/lopinavir/ritonavir in a rat pregnancy model.Type of article: Original paper.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective experimental study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Department of Obstetrics, São Paulo Federal University (UNIFESP).
  
  
  METHODS
  40 pregnant EPM-1 albino rats were randomly allocated into four groups of 10 animals each: control (Ctrl) group (untreated) and three experimental groups (Exp1, Exp2 and Exp3), which received zidovudine/lopinavir/ritonavir in the corresponding doses of 10/13.3/3.3; 30/39.9/9.9 and 90/119.7/29.7 mg/Kg/day from the first up to the 20th day of pregnancy, respectively. The rats were treated by gavage daily. Body weights were recorded on days 0, 7, 14 and 20. At term, the rats were sacrificed and the implantation sites, number of live and dead fetuses and placentas, resorptions and fetal and placental weights were recorded. The fetuses were evaluated for external abnormalities under a stereomicroscope. The chi-square test was used to compare death rates between groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Weight gain during pregnancy no showed significant differences between groups. Average weight gains between the 7th and 20th day were 45.70 ± 5.27 g for Ctrl; 48.49 ± 3.64 g for Exp1; 45.39 ± 6.22 g for Exp2 and 44.19 ± 6.78 g for Exp3. However, the percentage weight gain in the 7th was lower in groups Exp2 and Exp3 and in the 14th in the Group Exp2. All other parameters assessed did not differ significantly between groups. Exp2 and Exp3 in relation of the others.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The chronic exposure of pregnant rats to high doses of zidovudine/lopinavir/ritonavir in association resulted in a significant reduction in maternal body weight gain but was not associated with significant adverse fetal parameters.
authors.forename: L P F
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Simões
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Araujo Júnior
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Oliveira Filho
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kulay Júnior
authors.forename: M U
authors.initials: MU
authors.lastname: Nakamura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000379:methods*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; D011270:Pregnancy, Animal; D011446:Prospective Studies; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar