title: Protective effect of chitin and chitosan enriched diets on immunity and disease resistance in Cirrhina mrigala against Aphanomyces invadans.
abstract: The effect of diet enriched with 1% chitin or chitosan on innate immune response and disease resistance in Cirrhina mrigala against Aphanomyces invadans was investigated at weeks 1, 2, and 4. In the un-infected and infected groups the white blood cells (WBC), red blood cells (RBC), haematocrit (Ht), lympocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils significantly increased when fed with 1% chitin (CH) or chitosan (CT) enriched diet from weeks 1 to 4 when compared to control; however, the haemoglobin (Hb) and thrombocytes significantly increased only on weeks 2 and 4. The total protein and albumin levels also significantly increased with any enriched diet on weeks 2 and 4; but the globulin and albumin:globulin ratio increased on week 4 as compared to control; similarly the phagocytic activity significantly increased on weeks 2 and 4 while the lysozyme activity increased from weeks 1 to 4. The complement activity was significantly enhanced in CT and CTI fed groups on weeks 2 and 4. In un-infected fish fed with 1% CH and CT diets, the cumulative mortality was 10% and 5% whereas the infected fish suffered 20% and 25% mortality. The present results suggest that infected fish fed with 1% chitin or chitosan enriched diet modulates the immune system conferring disease resistance in C. mrigala against A. invadans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Bharath College of Science and Management, Thanjavur 613 005, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Lourthu Samy
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Shanthi Mari
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Bharath College of Science and Management, Thanjavur 613 005, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Chandrasekar
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jagruthi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Bharath College of Science and Management, Thanjavur 613 005, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Sannasi Muthu
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Anbazahan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Bharath College of Science and Management, Thanjavur 613 005, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Govintharaj
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yogeshwari
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Ramasamy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Thirumurugan
authors.affiliation: Division of Fisheries Biotechnology & Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM University, Kattankulathur, 603 203 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Jesu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Arockiaraj
authors.affiliation: Rajah Serfoji Government College (Autonomous), Thanjavur 613 005, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Pitchaimuthu
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mariappan
authors.affiliation: Department of Herbal and Environmental Science, Tamil University, Thanjavur 613 005, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Chellam
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Balasundaram
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Bharath College of Science and Management, Thanjavur 613 005, Tamil Nadu, India. Electronic address: rhari123@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Ramasamy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Harikrishnan
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D044744:Aphanomyces / Q000276:immunology*; D001772:Blood Cell Count; D002686:Chitin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D048271:Chitosan / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003165:Complement System Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D003530:Cyprinidae; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D060467:Disease Resistance / Q000187:drug effects*; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006400:Hematocrit; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000187:drug effects*; D007239:Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary*; D009113:Muramidase / Q000378:metabolism; D009391:Nephelometry and Turbidimetry; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D002686:Chitin; D003165:Complement System Proteins; D048271:Chitosan; D009113:Muramidase
keywords: Aphanomyces invadans; Chitin; Chitosan; Cirrhina mrigala; Immune response