title: Challenges and future prospects of antibiotic therapy: from peptides to phages utilization.
abstract: Bacterial infections are raising serious concern across the globe. The effectiveness of conventional antibiotics is decreasing due to global emergence of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) bacterial pathogens. This process seems to be primarily caused by an indiscriminate and inappropriate use of antibiotics in non-infected patients and in the food industry. New classes of antibiotics with different actions against MDR pathogens need to be developed urgently. In this context, this review focuses on several ways and future directions to search for the next generation of safe and effective antibiotics compounds including antimicrobial peptides, phage therapy, phytochemicals, metalloantibiotics, lipopolysaccharide, and efflux pump inhibitors to control the infections caused by MDR pathogens.
authors.affiliation: Central Research Facility, Department of Chemistry and Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur, India.
authors.forename: Santi M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Mandal
authors.affiliation: Central Research Facility, Department of Chemistry and Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur, India.
authors.forename: Anupam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.affiliation: Central Research Facility, Department of Chemistry and Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur, India.
authors.forename: Ananta K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston Galveston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Tapas K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Hazra
authors.affiliation: Central Research Facility, Department of Chemistry and Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur, India.
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Basak
authors.affiliation: Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília Brasilia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Octavio L
authors.initials: OL
authors.lastname: Franco
keywords: antibiotics; infection control; multi-drug-resistant pathogens