title: Intracellular transport of nanodiamond particles in human endothelial and epithelial cells.
abstract: During the recent years nanodiamonds have been the subject of interest as possible means of targeted delivery of anticancer substances. Detonation nanodiamonds are attractive candidates for intracellular studies due to their synthesis methods, low cost, good biocompatibility and facile surface functionalizability. Our previous study, in which we used nanoparticles obtained by different methods showed the significance of size and way of production of nanodiamonds in their cellular effects. The aim of this study was to check the ability of surface-modified detonation nanodiamonds to reach intracellular compartments without degradation of the surface-conjugated drug or fluorescent marker. In this study we examined the penetration HUVEC-ST and A549 cells by detonation nanodiamonds (grain size <20 nm) modified by adding to, employing four pharmacological inhibitors of endocytosis, using optical, confocal and transmission electron microscopy We discuss the possibilities, the challenges of studying the endocytic pathways involved in cellular uptake of nanoparticles. Our results suggest that fluorescent nanomaterials are very promising for monitoring the intracellular fate of nanodiamonds.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biophysics, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland. Electronic address: solarskakatarzyna.biol@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Solarska-Ściuk
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biophysics, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gajewska
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Sława
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Glińska
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biophysics, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Studzian
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Sylwia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Michlewska
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Łucja
authors.initials: Ł
authors.lastname: Balcerzak
authors.affiliation: Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, 91-403 Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Janusz
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Skolimowski
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Spectroscopy, Department of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Bogumiła
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kolago
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biophysics, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Grzegorz
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bartosz
mesh_terms: D002839:Chromans / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004705:Endocytosis / Q000502:physiology*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005452:Fluoresceins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006801:Humans; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D058612:Nanodiamonds / Q000627:therapeutic use* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
chemical_list: D002839:Chromans; D005452:Fluoresceins; D058612:Nanodiamonds; C024098:6-carboxyfluorescein; C010643:6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid
keywords: Biocompatibility; Drug transporters; Endocytosis; Macropinocytosis; Nanodiamond particles