title: Mitochondria in monocytes and macrophages-implications for translational and basic research.
abstract: The mitochondrion plays a crucial role in the immune system particularly in regulating the responses of monocytes and macrophages to tissue injury, pathogens, and inflammation. In systemic diseases such as atherosclerosis and chronic kidney disease (CKD), it has been established that disruption of monocyte and macrophage function can lead to chronic inflammation. Polarization of macrophages into the pro-inflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotypes results in distinct metabolic reprograming which corresponds to the progression and resolution of inflammation. In this review, we will discuss the role of the mitochondrion in monocyte and macrophage function and how these cells specifically influence the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and CKD. We propose that assessing monocyte bioenergetics in different disease states could (1) enhance our understanding of the energetic perturbations occurring in systemic inflammatory conditions and (2) aid in identifying therapeutic interventions to mitigate these disorders in patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, UAB Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
authors.forename: Saranya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ravi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, UAB Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
authors.forename: Tanecia
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, UAB Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, UAB Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
authors.forename: Balu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chacko
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, UAB Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
authors.forename: Victor M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Darley-Usmar
mesh_terms: D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000235:genetics*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D057170:Translational Research, Biomedical
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Atherosclerosis; Biomarker; Chronic kidney disease; Macrophage; Monocyte; Oxidative stress