title: Improving anticancer efficacy of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate gold nanoparticles in murine B16F10 melanoma cells.
abstract: (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major bioactive constituent in green tea, has been reported to effectively inhibit the formation and development of tumors. To maximize the effectiveness of EGCG, we attached it to nanogold particles (EGCG-pNG) in various ratios to examine in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo anti-cancer activity. EGCG-pNG showed improved anti-cancer efficacy in B16F10 murine melanoma cells; the cytotoxic effect in the melanoma cells treated with EGCG-pNG was 4.91 times higher than those treated with EGCG. The enhancement is achieved through mitochondrial pathway-mediated apoptosis as determined by annexin V assay, JC-10 staining, and caspase-3, -8, -9 activity assay. Moreover, EGCG-pNG was 1.66 times more potent than EGCG for inhibition of tumor growth in a murine melanoma model. In the hemolysis assay, the pNG surface conjugated with EGCG is most likely the key factor that contributes to the decreased release of hemoglobin from human red blood cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan, Republic of China ; Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Cheng-Cheung
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan, Republic of China ; Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Ren-Ai Hospital, Shulin, New Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Dar-Shih
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Kao-Jean
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yi-Lin
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: Materials Technology Program, Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Po-Da
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Materials Technology Program, Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China ; School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China ; Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ming-Kung
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chang-Jer
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002392:Catechin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D006046:Gold; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008546:Melanoma, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D006046:Gold; D002392:Catechin; C045651:epigallocatechin gallate
keywords: EGCG; anticancer; gold nanoparticles; melanoma