title: Predisposing factors of liver necrosis after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization in liver metastases from neuroendocrine tumor.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate predictive factors for liver necrosis after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) of neuroendocrine liver metastases.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 164 patients receiving 374 TACE were reviewed retrospectively to analyze predictive factors of liver necrosis. We analyzed patient age and sex; metastasis number and location; percentage of liver involvement; baseline liver function test; and pretreatment imaging abnormalities such as bile duct dilatation (BDD), portal vein narrowing (PVN), and portal vein thrombosis (PVT). We analyzed TACE technique such as Lipiodol or drug-eluting beads (DEB) as the drug's vector; dose of chemotherapy; diameter of DEB; and number, frequency, and selectivity of TACE.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Liver necrosis developed after 23 (6.1 %) of 374 TACE. In multivariate analysis, DEB > 300 μm in size induced more liver necrosis compared to Lipiodol (odds ratio [OR] 35.20; p < 0.0001) or with DEB < 300 μm in size (OR 19.95; p < 0.010). Pretreatment BDD (OR 119.64; p < 0.0001) and PVT (OR 9.83; p = 0.030) were predictive of liver necrosis. BDD or PVT responsible for liver necrosis were present before TACE in 59 % (13 of 22) and were induced by a previous TACE in 41 % (9 of 22) of cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DEB > 300 μm in size, BDD, and PVT are responsible for increased rate of liver necrosis after TACE. Careful analysis of BDD or PVT on pretreatment images as well as images taken between two courses can help avoid TACE complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Radiology, Institut Gustave Roussy, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805, Villejuif, France, j.joskin@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Joskin
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: de Baere
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Auperin
authors.forename: Lambros
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tselikas
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Guiu
authors.forename: Geoffroy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Farouil
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Boige
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Malka
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Leboulleux
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ducreux
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Baudin
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Deschamps
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016461:Chemoembolization, Therapeutic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000473:pathology; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009336:Necrosis; D018358:Neuroendocrine Tumors / Q000473:pathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome