title: Sonographic evaluation of hindfoot disorders.
abstract: Foot pain is a common orthopedic condition that can have an impact on health-related quality of life. The evaluation of plantar hindfoot pain begins with history and physical examination. Imaging modalities, standard radiographs, sonography, MR, CT are often utilized to clarify the diagnosis. The article is a detailed description of the sonographic evaluation of the plantar fascia and its disorders as well as the common etiologies in the differential diagnosis of plantar fasciopathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics and Radiology, Essentia Health, 400 E. Third St, Duluth, MN 55804 USA.
authors.forename: Douglas F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, St. Johns Family Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA.
authors.forename: Heather L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Grothe
authors.affiliation: CIM SA, Cabinet Imagerie Médicale, 40a Route de Malagnou 1208, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bianchi
keywords: Heel pain; Hindfoot; Lateral cord; Plantar aponeurosis; Plantar fasciopathy; Sonography