title: Icariside II improves cerebral microcirculatory disturbance and alleviates hippocampal injury in gerbils after ischemia-reperfusion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  the purpose of the present study was to examine the protective effect of Icariside II (IS) on cerebral microcirculatory disturbance and neuronal injury in hippocampal CA1 region induced by global cerebral I/R and the underlying mechanism.
  
  
  METHODS
  male Mongolian gerbils (50-70 g) were subjected to bilateral common carotid arteries occlusion for 30 min and followed by reperfusion for 72 h. IS (20 mg/kg) was administered orally 2 h before ischemia and 6, 24, 48, 70 h after reperfusion. After 72 h of reperfusion, the leukocyte adhesion, albumin leakage, and velocity of RBC in the venules were determined with an upright microscope. Neuronal injury in hippocampal CA1 region was assessed by Nissl staining and the in situ TUNEL assay. Bax, Bcl-2, and cleaved caspase-3 proteins were detected by Western blot, and MDA content and complex I activity by ELISA assay in hippocampus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IS inhibited I/R-elicited leukocyte adhesion, albumin leakage and increased the velocity of RBC in cerebral venules. IS down-regulated Bax and cleaved caspase-3 expression, up-regulated Bcl-2 expression of hippocampus and decreased the number of TUNEL positive neurons and the neuronal loss induced by I/R in hippocampal CA1 region. In addition, IS could increase the activity of complex I and decrease the production of MDA after I/R.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IS could alleviate the microcirculatory disturbance and neuronal injury in hippocampal CA1 region induced by global cerebral I/R, which might involve regulating complex I activity.
authors.affiliation: Integrated Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China; Integrated Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China.
authors.forename: Ben-Yong
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Chun-Shui
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Wei
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Ying
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Hong-Na
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Mu
authors.affiliation: Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Chuan-She
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Fu-Long
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Jing-Yu
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Integrated Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China; Integrated Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China. Electronic address: wangxuemeibjmu@163.com.
authors.forename: Xue-Mei
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100191, China. Electronic address: hanjingyan@bjmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jing-Yan
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D056547:CA1 Region, Hippocampal / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D017536:Carotid Artery, Common; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005849:Gerbillinae; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; C060988:baohuoside I
keywords: Albumin leakage; Apoptosis; Complex I; Leukocyte adhesion; Mitochondria