title: Kinetic measurements of hand motor impairments after mild to moderate stroke using grip control tasks.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study is to investigate quantitative outcome measurements of hand motor performance for subjects after mild to moderate stroke using grip control tasks and characterize abnormal flexion synergy of upper extremities after stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  A customized dynamometer with force sensors was used to measure grip force and calculate rotation torque during the sub-maximal grip control tasks. The paretic and nonpartic sides of eleven subjects after stroke and the dominant sides of ten healthy persons were tested. Their maximal voluntary grip force was measured and used to set sub-maximal grip control tasks at three different target force levels. Force control ability was characterized by the maximal grip force, mean force percentage, coefficient of variation (CV), target deviation ratio (TDR), and rotation torque ratio (RTR). The motor impairments of subjects after stroke were also evaluated using the Fugl-Meyer assessment for upper extremity (FMA-UE) and Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Maximal grip force of the paretic side was significantly reduced as compared to the nonparetic side and the healthy group, while the difference of maximal grip force between the nonparetic side and the healthy group was not significant. TDR and RTR increased for all three groups with increasing target force level. There were significant differences of CV, TDR and RTR between the paretic side and the healthy group at all the force levels. CV, TDR and RTR showed significant negative correlations with FMA-UE and WMFT at 50% of maximum grip force.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study designed a customized dynamometer together with an innovative measurement, RTR, to investigate the hand motor performance of subjects after mild to moderate stroke during force control tasks. And stroke-induced abnormal flexion synergy of wrist and finger muscles could be characterized by RTR. This study also identified a set of kinetic parameters which can be applied to quantitatively assess the hand motor function of subjects after mild to moderate stroke.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Le
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Tiebin
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Huihua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xijun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: School of Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China. songrong@mail.sysu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D005260:Female; D006225:Hand; D018737:Hand Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology*; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D009460:Neurologic Examination / Q000379:methods*; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation