title: Genome-wide association studies of refractive error and myopia, lessons learned, and implications for the future.
abstract: The investigation of the genetic basis of refractive error and myopia entered a new stage with the introduction of genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Multiple GWAS on many ethnic groups have been published over the years, providing new insight into the genetic architecture and pathophysiology of refractive error. This is a review of the GWAS published to date, the main lessons learned, and future possible directions of genetic studies of myopia and refractive error.
authors.affiliation: Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Pirro G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Hysi
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wojciechowski
authors.affiliation: Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Jugnoo S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Rahi
authors.affiliation: Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Chris J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Hammond
mesh_terms: D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study / Q000639:trends*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D009216:Myopia / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D012029:Refraction, Ocular; D012030:Refractive Errors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology
keywords: GWAS; genetic architecture; refractive error