title: Identification of the metabolites of myricitrin produced by human intestinal bacteria in vitro using ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the metabolic routes and metabolites of myricitrin, an important active ingredient of traditional herbal medicine, yielded by the isolated human intestinal bacteria, which have not been reported previously.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fresh human fecal samples were collected from a healthy female volunteer and about 100 different bacterial colonies were isolated. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry technique combined with Metabolynx™ software was used for analysis of the metabolic profile of myricitrin by the isolated human intestinal bacteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred different bacterial colonies, which developed on plates, were picked up, and four of them were further identified by using the technique of 16S rRNA gene sequencing due to their relatively strong metabolic capacity toward myricitrin. Most of them belong to Escherichia. Parent compound and three metabolites (quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside, myricetin and quercetin) were detected in the isolated bacterial samples compared with blank samples. The metabolic pathways of myricitrin included deglycosylation and dehydroxylation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These metabolites suggested that myricitrin was first dehydroxylated to quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside and subsequently deglycosylated to quercetin. Additionally, myricitrin could also be deglycosylated to the aglycon myricetin. Moreover, those metabolites might influence the biological effect of myricitrin in vivo, which led to affect the clinical effects of the medicinal plants and traditional herb medicines.
authors.affiliation: Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization , 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023 , PR China +86 25 85811516 ; +86 25 85811516 ; jiangshu2000@163.com ; dja@njutcm.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Le-Yue
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Da-Wei
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: Shu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Er-Xin
authors.initials: EX
authors.lastname: Shang
authors.forename: Jian-Ming
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Pei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Shu-Lan
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Jin-Ao
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.forename: Xue-Jiao
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Leng
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D011794:Quercetin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; C012526:quercitrin; C008577:myricitrin; C040015:myricetin; D011794:Quercetin
keywords: UPLC-Q-TOF/MS; human intestinal microbiota; metabolites; myricitrin