title: Iron, oxidative stress, and redox signaling in the cardiovascular system.
abstract: The redox state of the cell is predominantly dependent on an iron redox couple and is maintained within strict physiological limits. Iron is an essential metal for hemoglobin synthesis in erythrocytes, for oxidation-reduction reactions, and for cellular proliferation. The maintenance of stable iron concentrations requires the coordinated regulation of iron transport into plasma from dietary sources in the duodenum, from recycled senescent red cells in macrophages, and from storage in hepatocytes. The absorption of dietary iron, which is present in heme or nonheme form, is carried out by mature villus enterocytes of the duodenum and proximal jejunum. Multiple physiological processes are involved in maintaining iron homeostasis. These include its storage at the intracellular and extracellular level. Control of iron balance in the whole organism requires communication between sites of uptake, utilization, and storage. Key protein transporters and the molecules that regulate their activities have been identified. In this field, ferritins and hepcidin are the major regulator proteins. A variety of transcription factors may be activated depending on the level of oxidative stress, leading to the expression of different genes. Major preclinical and clinical trials have shown advances in iron-chelation therapy for the treatment of iron-overload disease as well as cardiovascular and chronic inflammatory diseases.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Cardio-métaboliques (LPPCM) Inserm UMR866, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France; Service de Cardiologie CHU Bocage, Dijon, France.
authors.forename: Aurélie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gudjoncik
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Guenancia
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zeller
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cottin
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vergely
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rochette
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D019190:Iron Overload / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D019266:Iron, Dietary / Q000378:metabolism / Q000506:poisoning*; D016877:Oxidants / Q000378:metabolism / Q000506:poisoning*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D019266:Iron, Dietary; D016877:Oxidants
keywords: Cardiovascular; Disease; Iron; Oxidative stress; Redox