title: Abscisic acid metabolism and anthocyanin synthesis in grape skin are affected by light emitting diode (LED) irradiation at night.
abstract: The effects of blue and red light irradiation at night on abscisic acid (ABA) metabolism and anthocyanin synthesis were examined in grape berries. The expressions of VlMYBA1-2, VlMYBA2, UDP-glucose-flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase (VvUFGT), 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (VvNCED1), and ABA 8'-hydroxylase (VvCYP707A1) were also investigated. Endogenous ABA, its metabolite phaseic acid (PA), and the expressions of VvNCED1 and VvCYP707A1 were highest in red light-emitting diode (LED)-treated skin. In contrast, anthocyanin concentrations were highest in blue LED-treated skin, followed by red LED treatment. However, the expressions of VlMYBA1-2, VlMYBA2, and VvUFGT did not necessarily coincide with anthocyanin concentrations. The quality of coloring may depend on the amount of malvidin-based anthocyanin, which increased toward harvest in blue and red LED-treated skin, unlike in untreated controls. An increase in sugars was also observed in blue and red LED-treated skin. These results suggest that blue LED irradiation at night may be effective in increasing anthocyanin and sugar concentrations in grape berries. However, there is evidence that another factor may influence anthocyanin concentrations in grape berry skin significantly more than endogenous ABA: ABA concentrations were highest in red LED-treated skin, which had lower anthocyanin concentrations than blue LED-treated skin.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo 271-8510, Japan. Electronic address: s-kondo@faculty.chiba-u.jp.
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo 271-8510, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tomiyama
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo 271-8510, Japan.
authors.forename: Abhichartbut
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rodyoung
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo 271-8510, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okawa
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo 271-8510, Japan.
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohara
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-0006, Japan.
authors.forename: Sumiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sugaya
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science Technology, College of Horticulture, Minami-Kyushu University, Miyazaki 884, Japan.
authors.forename: Norihiko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Terahara
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuhiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hirai
mesh_terms: D000040:Abscisic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000032:analysis; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D049308:Dioxygenases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005638:Fruit / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000528:radiation effects*; D005964:Glucosyltransferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008027:Light; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D027843:Vitis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D002241:Carbohydrates; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D010940:Plant Proteins; D000040:Abscisic Acid; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D049308:Dioxygenases; C109043:9-cis-epoxy-carotenoid dioxygenase; C107203:abscisic acid 8'-hydroxylase; D005964:Glucosyltransferases
keywords: ABA metabolism; Anthocyanin; Grapes; Light-emitting diode; Vitis vinifera×Vitis labrusca