title: Chlorhexidine digluconate effects on planktonic growth and biofilm formation in some field isolates of animal bacterial pathogens.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To study chlorhexidine digluconate disinfectant effects on planktonic growth and biofilm formation in some bacterial field isolates from animals.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The current study investigated chlorhexidine digluconate effects on planktonic growth and biofilm formation in some field isolates of veterinary bacterial pathogens.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty clinical isolates of Escherichia coli, Salmonella serotypes, Staphylococcus. aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae (10 isolates for each) were examined for chlorhexidine digluconate effects on biofilm formation and planktonic growth using microtiter plates. In all of the examined strains in the presence of chlorhexidine digluconate, biofilm development and planktonic growth were affected at the same concentrations of the disinfectant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Chlorhexidine digluconate inhibited the planktonic growth of different bacterial species at sub-MICs. But they were able to induce biofilm development of the E. coli, Salmonella spp., S. aureus and Str. agalactiae strains.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bacterial resistance against chlorhexidine is increasing. Sub-MIC doses of chlorhexidine digluconate can stimulate the formation of biofilm strains.
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Azizollah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ebrahimi
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Majid
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hemati
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Saeed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Habibian Dehkordi
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Shahab
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bahadoran
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Sheida
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khoshnood
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Shahin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khubani
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Mahdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dokht Faraj
authors.affiliation: Para-Veterinary Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hakimi Alni
keywords: Biofilms; Chlorhexidine Digluconate; Escherichia coli; Salmonella spp.; Streptococcus agalactiae