title: Manage at work: a randomized, controlled trial of a self-management group intervention to overcome workplace challenges associated with chronic physical health conditions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The percentage of older and chronically ill workers is increasing rapidly in the US and in many other countries, but few interventions are available to help employees overcome the workplace challenges of chronic pain and other physical health conditions. While most workers are eligible for job accommodation and disability compensation benefits, other workplace strategies might improve individual-level coping and problem solving to prevent work disability. In this study, we hypothesize that an employer-sponsored group intervention program employing self-management principles may improve worker engagement and reduce functional limitation associated with chronic disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a randomized controlled trial (RCT), workers participating in an employer-sponsored self-management group intervention will be compared with a no-treatment (wait list) control condition. Volunteer employees (n = 300) will be recruited from five participating employers and randomly assigned to intervention or control. Participants in the intervention arm will attend facilitated group workshop sessions at work (10 hours total) to explore methods for improving comfort, adjusting work habits, communicating needs effectively, applying systematic problem solving, and dealing with negative thoughts and emotions about work. Work engagement and work limitation are the principal outcomes. Secondary outcomes include fatigue, job satisfaction, self-efficacy, turnover intention, sickness absence, and health care utilization. Measurements will be taken at baseline, 6-, and 12-month follow-up. A process evaluation will be performed alongside the randomized trial.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study will be most relevant for organizations and occupational settings where some degree of job flexibility, leeway, and decision-making autonomy can be afforded to affected workers. The study design will provide initial assessment of a novel workplace approach and to understand factors affecting its feasibility and effectiveness.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01978392 (Issued November 6, 2013).
authors.affiliation: Liberty Mutual Research Institute for Safety, 71 Frankland Rd,, Hopkinton, MA 01748, USA. william.shaw@libertymutual.com.
authors.forename: William S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: Elyssa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Besen
authors.forename: Glenn
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pransky
authors.forename: Cécile R L
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Boot
authors.forename: Michael K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Nicholas
authors.forename: Robert K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: McLellan
authors.forename: Torill H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Tveito
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000534:rehabilitation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D059352:Musculoskeletal Pain / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D009786:Occupational Health Services; D012648:Self Care; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States; D017132:Workplace