title: Gluteal silicone injections and total hip arthroplasty: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Silicone injection is a common procedure in cosmetic surgery. Granuloma formation and migration are the most commonly observed complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report an unusual case of avascular necrosis of the hip in a 41-year-old woman from Thailand presenting with hip pain. Subcutaneous nodules were observed in the clinical examination. A pelvic X-ray revealed necrosis of the right femoral head and histological analysis of the punctuated nodules showed a reaction of foreign body granulomas. During surgical treatment with a hip replacement solitary silicone cysts were removed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This case report emphasizes that orthopedic surgeons treating patients with necrosis of the hip joint in combination with palpable granulomas in the gluteal region have to be aware of silicone augmentation and its potential complications before planning a hip replacement.
authors.forename: Jörn B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Seeger
authors.forename: Gafar A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: Erhan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Basad
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rickert
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg (UKGM), Klinikstrasse 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany. bernd.ishaque@ortho.med.uni-giessen.de.
authors.forename: Bernd A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Ishaque
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019644:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip; D002081:Buttocks; D005260:Female; D005271:Femur Head Necrosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D015745:Granuloma, Foreign-Body / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D011859:Radiography; D012828:Silicones / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013785:Thailand
chemical_list: D012828:Silicones