title: Pathological and immunohistochemical findings of natural highly pathogenic avian influenza infection in tufted ducks during 2010-2011 outbreaks in Japan.
abstract: In the winter of 2010-2011, an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) infection occurred in wild and domestic birds in Japan. Tufted ducks were found dead in an urban area of Toyota City, Koriyama, Fukushima Prefecture. Two tufted ducks were examined histopathologically, immunohistochemically and molecularly. Gross findings included marked dark-red clotted blood in the pectoral muscles and multifocal hemorrhages on the serous membranes. Microscopically, non-suppurative meningoencephalitis, multifocal to coalescing pancreatic necrosis and severe pulmonary congestion were observed. HPAIV antigen was detected in the malacic areas, neuronal, glial and ependymal cells, pulmonary capillary endothelial cells and epithelium of pulmonary bronchioles, necrotic pancreatic acini and degenerated cardiac myocytes. The HPAIV isolate was genetically classified into clade 2.3.2.1 group A. The broad distribution of virus antigen in brain and pulmonary tissues associated with HPAIV spontaneous infection in tufted ducks might be useful in understanding its pathogenesis in nature.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogenetic Veterinary Sciences, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
authors.forename: Walied
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Abdo
authors.forename: Mohie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haridy
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Katou
authors.forename: Minami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mizoguchi
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakoda
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: Tokuma
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yanai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000835:Animals, Wild; D001715:Bird Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000662:veterinary*; D004372:Ducks; D005260:Female; D006388:Hemagglutinins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000662:veterinary; D053124:Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D010802:Phylogeny; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D006388:Hemagglutinins; D012367:RNA, Viral