title: The relationship between area poverty rate and site-specific cancer incidence in the United States.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The relationship between socioeconomic status and cancer incidence in the United States has not traditionally been a focus of population-based cancer surveillance systems.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nearly 3 million tumors diagnosed between 2005 and 2009 from 16 states plus Los Angeles were assigned into 1 of 4 groupings based on the poverty rate of the residential census tract at time of diagnosis. The sex-specific risk ratio of the highest-to-lowest poverty category was measured using Poisson regression, adjusting for age and race, for 39 cancer sites.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For all sites combined, there was a negligible association between cancer incidence and poverty; however, 32 of 39 cancer sites showed a significant association with poverty (14 positively associated and 18 negatively associated). Nineteen of these sites had monotonic increases or decreases in risk across all 4 poverty categories. The sites most strongly associated with higher poverty were Kaposi sarcoma, larynx, cervix, penis, and liver; those most strongly associated with lower poverty were melanoma, thyroid, other nonepithelial skin, and testis. Sites associated with higher poverty had lower incidence and higher mortality than those associated with lower poverty.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings demonstrate the importance and relevance of including a measure of socioeconomic status in national cancer surveillance. Cancer 2014;120:2191-2198. © 2014 The Authors. Cancer published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Cancer Society.
authors.affiliation: New York State Cancer Registry, Albany, New York.
authors.forename: Francis P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Boscoe
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Recinda L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Sherman
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Stinchcomb
authors.forename: Ge
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Kevin A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Henry
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality; D016017:Odds Ratio; D016012:Poisson Distribution; D011204:Poverty Areas; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D018426:SEER Program; D012737:Sex Factors; D012923:Social Class; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: health disparities; incidence; poverty; socioeconomic status; surveillance