title: Standardized total tract digestibility of phosphorus in copra meal, palm kernel expellers, palm kernel meal, and soybean meal fed to growing pigs.
abstract: Sixty-six barrows (initial BW: 27.4 ± 2.8 kg) were used to determine the standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of P in copra meal (CM), palm kernel expellers from Indonesia (PKE-IN), palm kernel expellers from Costa Rica (PKE-CR), palm kernel meal from Costa Rica (PKM), and soybean meal (SBM) without or with exogenous phytase. Pigs were housed individually in metabolism cages and allotted to 11 diets with 6 replicate pigs per diet in a generalized randomized block design. Five diets were formulated by mixing cornstarch and sugar with CM, PKE-IN, PKE-CR, PKM, or SBM. Five additional diets, which were identical to the initial 5 diets but supplemented with 800 units of phytase, were also formulated. A P-free diet was used to measure basal endogenous losses of P by the pigs. Feces were collected for 5 d using the marker to marker approach after a 5-d adaptation period. Analyzed total P in CM, PKE-IN, PKE-CR, PKM, and SBM was 0.52, 0.51, 0.53, 0.54, and 0.67%, respectively. Phytate P was 0.22, 0.35, 0.38, 0.32, and 0.44% in CM, PKE-IN, PKE-CR, PKM, and SBM, respectively. Addition of phytase increased (P < 0.05) the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of P from 60.6 to 80.8, 27.3 to 56.5, 32.6 to 59.9, 48.9 to 64.1, and 41.1 to 72.2% in CM, PKE-IN, PKE-CR, PKM, and SBM, respectively. The ATTD of P in CM was greater (P < 0.05) than in any of the other ingredients. The ATTD of P in SBM and PKM was greater (P < 0.05) than in PKE-IN, with PKE-CR being intermediate. The STTD of P increased (P < 0.05) from 70.6 to 90.3, 37.6 to 66.4, 43.2 to 69.9, 57.9 to 73.5, and 49.6 to 81.1% in CM, PKE-IN, PKE-CR, PKM, and SBM, respectively, when microbial phytase was added to the diets. When expressed as a percentage of total P, phytate P concentration in the ingredient negatively affected (P < 0.05) the ATTD of P (107.09 - 1.0564 × % phytate P; R(2) = 87.1) and the STTD of P (116.3 - 1.0487 × % phytate P; R(2) = 89.4). In conclusion, microbial phytase increased P digestibility of CM, PKM, PKE-CR, PKE-IN, and SBM when fed to growing pigs, and the concentration of phytate P affects the response to microbial phytase.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801.
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Almaguer
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801.
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Sulabo
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801 hstein@illinois.edu.
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Stein
mesh_terms: D010832:6-Phytase / Q000378:metabolism; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D028023:Arecaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004063:Digestion / Q000502:physiology*; D005243:Feces; D008297:Male; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D016226:Phosphorus, Dietary / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D010833:Phytic Acid; D013025:Glycine max / Q000737:chemistry*; D013552:Swine / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D016226:Phosphorus, Dietary; D010758:Phosphorus; D010833:Phytic Acid; D010832:6-Phytase
keywords: copra meal; palm kernel expellers; palm kernel meal; phosphorus; phytase; pigs