title: Polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride shows bactericidal advantages over chlorhexidine digluconate against ESKAPE bacteria.
abstract: More information regarding the bactericidal properties of polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride (PHMG) against clinically important antibiotic-resistant ESKAPE (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species) pathogens needs to be provided for its uses in infection control. The bactericidal properties of PHMG and chlorhexidine digluconate (CHG) were compared based on their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), minimum bactericidal concentrations, and time-course-killing curves against clinically important antibiotic-susceptible and antibiotic-resistant ESKAPE pathogens. Results showed that PHMG exhibited significantly higher bactericidal activities against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, and ceftazidime-resistant Enterobacter spp. than CHG. A slight bactericidal advantage over CHG was obtained against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium, ciprofloxacin- and levofloxacin-resistant Acinetobacter spp., and multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In previous reports, PHMG had higher antimicrobial activity against almost all tested Gram-negative bacteria and several Gram-positive bacteria than CHG using MIC test. These studies support the further development of covalently bound PHMG in sterile-surface materials and the incorporation of PHMG in novel disinfectant formulas.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Bioengineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhongxin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Dafu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Yanhua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018407:Bacterial Physiological Phenomena / Q000187:drug effects*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006146:Guanidines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D006146:Guanidines; C060540:polyhexamethyleneguanidine; C010882:chlorhexidine gluconate; D002710:Chlorhexidine
keywords: ESKAPE; bactericidal activities; chlorhexidine digluconate; polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride