title: Developmental oestrogen exposure differentially modulates IGF-I and TNF-α expression levels in immune organs of Yersinia ruckeri-challenged young adult rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).
abstract: Intensified aquaculture has strong impact on fish health by stress and infectious diseases and has stimulated the interest in the orchestration of cytokines and growth factors, particularly their influence by environmental factors, however, only scarce data are available on the GH/IGF-system, central physiological system for development and tissue shaping. Most recently, the capability of the host to cope with tissue damage has been postulated as critical for survival. Thus, the present study assessed the combined impacts of estrogens and bacterial infection on the insulin-like growth factors (IGF) and tumor-necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Juvenile rainbow trout were exposed to 2 different concentrations of 17β-estradiol (E2) and infected with Yersinia ruckeri. Gene expressions of IGF-I, IGF-II and TNF-α were measured in liver, head kidney and spleen and all 4 estrogen receptors (ERα1, ERα2, ERβ1 and ERβ2) known in rainbow trout were measured in liver. After 5 weeks of E2 treatment, hepatic up-regulation of ERα1 and ERα2, but down-regulation of ERß1 and ERß2 were observed in those groups receiving E2-enriched food. In liver, the results further indicate a suppressive effect of Yersinia-infection regardless of E2-treatment on day 3, but not of E2-treatment on IGF-I whilst TNF-α gene expression was not influenced by Yersinia-infection but was reduced after 5 weeks of E2-treatment. In spleen, the results show a stimulatory effect of Yersinia-infection, but not of E2-treatment on both, IGF-I and TNF-α gene expressions. In head kidney, E2 strongly suppressed both, IGF-I and TNF-α. To summarise, the treatment effects were tissue- and treatment-specific and point to a relevant role of IGF-I in infection.
authors.affiliation: Research Group Neuro-Endocrine-Immune Interactions, Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Institute of Animal Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wenger
authors.affiliation: Research Group Neuro-Endocrine-Immune Interactions, Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Centre for Evolutionary Medicine (ZEM), Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Natallia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shved
authors.affiliation: Research Group Neuro-Endocrine-Immune Interactions, Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Centre for Evolutionary Medicine (ZEM), Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Gülfirde
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Akgül
authors.affiliation: Research Group Neuro-Endocrine-Immune Interactions, Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Antje
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Caelers
authors.affiliation: Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Institute of Animal Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Ayako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Casanova
authors.affiliation: Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Institute of Animal Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Centre for Xenobiotic Risk Research (XERR), Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Segner
authors.affiliation: Research Group Neuro-Endocrine-Immune Interactions, Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Centre for Xenobiotic Risk Research (XERR), Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Neuroradiology, University Hospital, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany. Electronic address: elisabeth.eppler@uzh.ch.
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Eppler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000187:drug effects; D060226:Head Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D017686:Oncorhynchus mykiss / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D009928:Organ Specificity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D013154:Spleen / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015009:Yersinia Infections / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D044124:Yersinia ruckeri / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D004958:Estradiol; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II
keywords: Bacteria; Fish infection; Head kidney; IGF-II; Liver; Spleen