title: [Shang Ring circumcision by transverse incision in the distal penis foreskin and pull-up of the interior board for short frenulum praeputii].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effectiveness of surgical strategies for Shang Ring circumcision in the treatment of short frenulum praeputii in patients with redundant prepuce or phimosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Totally, 130 cases of short frenulum praeputii with redundant prepuce or phimosis were randomly assigned to an experimental group and a control group of equal number to receive Shang Ring circumcision, the former by transverse incision in the distal penis foreskin and pull-up of the interior board, and the latter by conventional transverse incision and longitudinal suture of the frenulum praeputii. Comparisons were made between the two groups in the surgical duration, intraoperative blood loss, 24 h postoperative pain visual analog score (VAS), postoperative complications, satisfaction with the penile appearance, and the quality of sexual life.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The surgical duration, intraoperative blood loss, 24 h postoperative VAS, postoperative sexual satisfaction, and satisfaction with penile appearance were (4.60 +/- 1.20) min, (2.61 +/- 1.81) ml, 1.73 +/- 0.76, 98.5%, and 98.5%, respectively, in the experimental group, as compared with (21.60 +/- 6.30) min, (11.10 +/- 3.40) ml, 5.37 +/- 1.84, 70.3% and 69.8% in the control, with statistically significant differences between the two groups (P < 0.05). The incidence rates of such major complications as wound dehiscence, infection, and moderate to severe edema were 1.5% (1/65), 3.1% (2/65), and 4.6% (3/65), respectively, in the experimental group in comparison with 12.3% (8/65), 15.3% (10/65), and 30.7% (20/65) in the control, with statistically significant differences between the two groups (P < 0.05). None of patients had any serious complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Shang Ring circumcision by transverse incision in the distal penis foreskin and pull-up of the interior board, with its advantages of shorter operation time, less blood loss, mild pain, fewer complications, and higher satisfaction and acceptance of the patients, can be used as an safe and effective approach to the treatment of short frenulum praeputii.
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xue-Jun
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jia-Gui
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Mu
authors.forename: Duo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yan-Sheng
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Chun-Lei
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002944:Circumcision, Male / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004487:Edema / Q000453:epidemiology; D052816:Foreskin / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D061646:Operative Time; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000175:diagnosis; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010688:Phimosis / Q000601:surgery*; D011184:Postoperative Period; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D013529:Surgical Wound Dehiscence / Q000453:epidemiology; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000453:epidemiology