title: Cell and biomolecule delivery for tissue repair and regeneration in the central nervous system.
abstract: Tissue engineering frequently involves cells and scaffolds to replace damaged or diseased tissue. It originated, in part, as a means of effecting the delivery of biomolecules such as insulin or neurotrophic factors, given that cells are constitutive producers of such therapeutic agents. Thus cell delivery is intrinsic to tissue engineering. Controlled release of biomolecules is also an important tool for enabling cell delivery since the biomolecules can enable cell engraftment, modulate inflammatory response or otherwise benefit the behavior of the delivered cells. We describe advances in cell and biomolecule delivery for tissue regeneration, with emphasis on the central nervous system (CNS). In the first section, the focus is on encapsulated cell therapy. In the second section, the focus is on biomolecule delivery in polymeric nano/microspheres and hydrogels for the nerve regeneration and endogenous cell stimulation. In the third section, the focus is on combination strategies of neural stem/progenitor cell or mesenchymal stem cell and biomolecule delivery for tissue regeneration and repair. In each section, the challenges and potential solutions associated with delivery to the CNS are highlighted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Donnelly Centre, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada.
authors.forename: Irja
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Elliott Donaghue
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Donnelly Centre, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada.
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tam
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Donnelly Centre, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada. Electronic address: Michael.sefton@utoronto.ca.
authors.forename: Michael V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Sefton
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Donnelly Centre, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada. Electronic address: Molly.shoichet@utoronto.ca.
authors.forename: Molly S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Shoichet
mesh_terms: D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004337:Drug Carriers; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D006801:Humans; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate; D008863:Microspheres; D053758:Nanoparticles; D009416:Nerve Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D011108:Polymers; D012038:Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects*; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004337:Drug Carriers; D011108:Polymers; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate
keywords: Biomaterial drug delivery; Spinal cord injury; Stem cell transplantation; Tissue engineering; Traumatic brain injury