title: Effect of shooting medium and source of material on grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) shoot tip recovery after cryopreservation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Selecting experimental material at the optimal physiological stage is of paramount importance for successful cryopreservation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The study was to investigate the effect of the physiological state of grapevine buds on their regrowth after liquid nitrogen exposure.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a first set of experiments, we tested the regrowth of cryopreserved buds sampled from microcuttings cultured on shooting medium containing benzylaminopurine or zeatin riboside for various durations. In a second set of experiments, we studied the regrowth after liquid nitrogen exposure of buds sampled from different positions on the stem of in vitro plantlets.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Regrowth of cryopreserved buds sampled from microcuttings was higher (30%), compared to buds sampled directly from in vitro plantlets (23%), for all culture durations of microcuttings on shooting medium tested (2-6 weeks). Addition of cytokinin in the shooting medium improved regrowth of cryopreserved buds compared to buds sampled from microcuttings cultured on medium devoid of growth regulators; however similar results were obtained with the two cytokinins tested. Buds sampled on nodes 3-4 and 6-7 (from the top of the stem) displayed higher regrowth compared to shoot tips. No significant differences were noted in regrowth after cryopreservation between buds sampled from microcuttings produced from the terminal node, or nodes 3-4 and 6-7.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The physiological state of the plant material is important for cryopreservation success. Actively growing buds sampled from microcuttings displayed higher regrowth compared to buds sampled directly on in vitro plantlets.
authors.forename: Zvjezdana
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Marković
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chatelet
authors.forename: Darko
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Preiner
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sylvestre
authors.forename: Jasminka Karoglan
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Kontić
authors.forename: Florent
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Engelmann
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D001593:Benzyl Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D015925:Cryopreservation; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003583:Cytokinins / Q000494:pharmacology; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D019855:Ethylene Glycol / Q000494:pharmacology; D035263:Flowering Tops / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005990:Glycerol / Q000494:pharmacology; D007541:Isopentenyladenosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D009584:Nitrogen; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D011687:Purines / Q000494:pharmacology; D013395:Sucrose / Q000494:pharmacology; D027843:Vitis / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D001593:Benzyl Compounds; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents; D003583:Cytokinins; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D011687:Purines; D013395:Sucrose; D007541:Isopentenyladenosine; C009699:zeatin riboside; D019855:Ethylene Glycol; C480551:benzylaminopurine; D009584:Nitrogen; D005990:Glycerol; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide