title: Breast cancer: major risk factors and recent developments in treatment.
abstract: Breast cancer is the most common in women worldwide, with some 5-10% of all cases due to inherited mutations of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. Obesity, hormone therapy and use of alcohol are possible causes and over-expression of leptin in adipose tissue may also play a role. Normally surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy allow a good prognosis where screening measures are in place. New hope in treatment measures include adjuvant therapy, neoadjuvant therapy, and introduction of mono-clonal antibodies and enzyme inhibitors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan E-mail : bilal.aslam@uaf.edu.pk.
authors.forename: Wafa
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Majeed
authors.forename: Bilal
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Aslam
authors.forename: Ijaz
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Javed
authors.forename: Tanweer
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Khaliq
authors.forename: Faqir
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Muhammad
authors.forename: Asghar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Raza
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy; D018275:Carcinoma, Lobular / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D019398:Genes, BRCA1; D024522:Genes, BRCA2; D006801:Humans; D020738:Leptin / Q000378:metabolism; D008408:Mastectomy; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D012307:Risk Factors; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D020738:Leptin; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators