title: Strategies, barriers, and motivation for weight loss among veterans living with schizophrenia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Weight loss programs for veterans living with schizophrenia have demonstrated mixed efficacy, highlighting unique obstacles faced by this population. Data from a large national sample provide an opportunity to characterize the unique factors related to weight loss for veterans with schizophrenia. The present study compared veterans living with schizophrenia (n = 5,388) to veterans with no mental health diagnoses (n = 81,422) on responses to the MOVE!23, a multidimensional assessment of factors related to weight management.
  
  
  METHODS
  Responses to the MOVE!23 between August, 2005 and May, 2013 by veterans with a body mass index in the overweight or obese range were used to describe clinical characteristics, current strategies, perceived barriers, stages of readiness, and importance of and confidence to change behaviors related to their weight management.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both groups reported similar stages of readiness and high ratings of importance and confidence regarding weight loss behaviors. Compared with veterans with no mental health diagnoses, over 5 times as many veterans living with schizophrenia reported smoking to control weight, and a greater number endorsed 18 of the 21 barriers to modifying eating and physical activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RESULTS highlight the necessity of addressing healthy lifestyles from a holistic perspective for all veterans. Adding regular physical activity as part of daily treatment may address the accessibility, safety concerns, and lack of social support reported as physical activity barriers. Increased access to healthier food choices and addressing smoking in conjunction with weight loss are also warranted.
authors.affiliation: Veterans Affairs Capitol Health Care Network, Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Maryland Health Care System.
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Klingaman
authors.affiliation: Center for Mental Healthcare.
authors.forename: Kristen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Viverito
authors.affiliation: Veterans Affairs Capitol Health Care Network, Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Maryland Health Care System.
authors.forename: Deborah R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Medoff
authors.affiliation: Veterans Affairs Capitol Health Care Network, Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Maryland Health Care System.
authors.forename: Rebecca M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.affiliation: Veterans Affairs Capitol Health Care Network, Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Maryland Health Care System.
authors.forename: Richard W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Goldberg
mesh_terms: D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D004038:Diet, Reducing / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015444:Exercise / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D050177:Overweight / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015397:Program Evaluation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications*; D012944:Social Support; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States; D014728:Veterans / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015431:Weight Loss