title: Dietary acrylamide and human cancer: a systematic review of literature.
abstract: Cancer remains the second leading cause of death in the United States, and the number of cases is expected to continue to rise worldwide. Cancer prevention strategies are crucial for reducing the cancer burden. The carcinogenic potential of dietary acrylamide exposure from cooked foods is unknown. Acrylamide is a by-product of the common Maillard reaction where reducing sugars (i.e., fructose and glucose) react with the amino acid, asparagine. Based on the evidence of acrylamide carcinogenicity in animals, the International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified acrylamide as a group 2A carcinogen for humans. Since the discovery of acrylamide in foods in 2002, a number of studies have explored its potential as a human carcinogen. This article outlines a systematic review of dietary acrylamide and human cancer, acrylamide exposure and internal dose, exposure assessment methods in the epidemiologic studies, existing data gaps, and future directions. A majority of the studies reported no statistically significant association between dietary acrylamide intake and various cancers, and few studies reported increased risk for renal, endometrial, and ovarian cancers; however, the exposure assessment has been inadequate leading to potential misclassification or underestimation of exposure. Future studies with improved dietary acrylamide exposure assessment are encouraged.
authors.affiliation: a Division of Cancer Prevention , National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Rockville , Maryland , USA.
authors.forename: Mandeep K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Virk-Baker
authors.forename: Tim R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Nagy
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Barnes
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Groopman
mesh_terms: D020106:Acrylamide / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000633:toxicity; D004032:Diet; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D016021:Epidemiologic Studies; D055317:Evidence-Based Practice; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D019207:beta Carotene; D020106:Acrylamide; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol