title: The osteogenesis of bone marrow stem cells on mPEG-PCL-mPEG/hydroxyapatite composite scaffold via solid freeform fabrication.
abstract: The study described a novel bone tissue scaffold fabricated by computer-aided, air pressure-aided deposition system to control the macro- and microstructure precisely. The porcine bone marrow stem cells (PBMSCs) seeded on either mPEG-PCL-mPEG (PCL) or mPEG-PCL-mPEG/hydroxyapatite (PCL/HA) composite scaffold were cultured under osteogenic medium to test the ability of osteogenesis in vitro. The experimental outcomes indicated that both scaffolds possessed adequate pore size, porosity, and hydrophilicity for the attachment and proliferation of PBMSCs and the PBMSCs expressed upregulated genes of osteogensis and angiogenesis in similar manner on both scaffolds. The major differences between these two types of the scaffolds were the addition of HA leading to higher hardness of PCL/HA scaffold, cell proliferation, and VEGF gene expression in PCL/HA scaffold. However, the in vivo bone forming efficacy between PBMSCs seeded PCL and PCL/HA scaffold was different from the in vitro results. The outcome indicated that the PCL/HA scaffold which had bone-mimetic environment due to the addition of HA resulted in better bone regeneration and mechanical strength than those of PCL scaffold. Therefore, providing a bone-mimetic scaffold is another crucial factor for bone tissue engineering in addition to the biocompatibility, 3D architecture with high porosity, and interpored connection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Craniofacial Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan ; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Han-Tsung
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Mechanical and Electro-Mechanical Engineering, National Formosa University, Yunlin County 632, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yo-Yu
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2995-1470
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Craniofacial Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan ; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Ting
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7951-7293
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, 200 Chung Pei Road, Chung Li 32023, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ming-Fa
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5254-1341
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.affiliation: Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Formosa University, Yunlin County 632, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Cho-Pei
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D011091:Polyesters / Q000737:chemistry*; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry*; D016062:Porosity; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013552:Swine; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D011091:Polyesters; C016240:polycaprolactone; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D017886:Durapatite