title: Toll-like receptor-based adjuvants: enhancing the immune response to vaccines against infectious diseases of chicken.
abstract: Huge productivity loss due to infectious diseases in chickens is a major problem and, hence, robust development of the poultry industry requires control of poultry health. Immunization using vaccines is routine practice; however, to combat infectious diseases, conventional vaccines as well as new-generation recombinant vaccines alone, due to relatively weak immunogenicity, may not be effective enough to provide optimum immunity. With this in mind, there is a need to incorporate better and more suitable adjuvants in the vaccines to elicit the elevated immune response in the host. Over last few decades, with the increase in the knowledge of innate immune functioning, efforts have been made to enhance vaccine potency using novel adjuvants like Toll-like receptor based adjuvant systems. In this review, we will discuss the potential use of toll-like receptor ligands as an adjuvant in vaccines against the infectious diseases of chickens.
authors.affiliation: Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Recombinant DNA Lab, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243122, UP, India.
authors.forename: Shishir Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Rajib
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Deb
authors.forename: Sohini
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dey
authors.forename: Madhan Mohan
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Chellappa
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation; D018175:Birnaviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D002645:Chickens; D018352:Coronavirus Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D008380:Marek Disease / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D053594:Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 / Q000276:immunology; D009521:Newcastle Disease / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000276:immunology; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012480:Salmonella Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000276:immunology*; D014611:Vaccination
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; C408982:CPG-oligonucleotide; D053594:Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors
keywords: TLR; adjuvants; agonist; chicken; cytokine; infectious disease; poultry; vaccine