title: Determination of anxiolytic veterinary drugs from biological fertilizer blood meal using liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry.
abstract: A liquid environment-friendly agricultural material originating from animal blood, blood meal, was employed to detect anxiolytic veterinary drugs using a combination of liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and positive electrospray ionization Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Every positive ion of the analytes was consistent with [M+H](+) , and the accurate mass analysis and mass spectral filtration with a 2-ppm mass tolerance window were applied to identify and quantitate the analytes and metabolites. The developed LLE method was validated with the lowest calibrated level, linearity (r(2) ), recovery, repeatability and the within-laboratory reproducibility, which were in the ranges of 0.3-1 µg/L, 0.9963-0.9995, 48.3-117.5%, 1.1-12.6% and 2.3-15.7%, respectively. The LLE method was compared with a solid-phase extraction (SPE) method; however, its recoveries were <70% for most of the analytes despite good repeatability of 1.2-7.4%. The analytes and the ascertained acepromazine, azaperone and xylazine metabolites were monitored in four actual liquid blood meal samples, and none of the targeted compounds were observed.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Research of the Faculty of Chemistry, Dortmund University of Technology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany; Biotechnology Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, 500-757, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong-Heui
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lamshöft
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zühlke
authors.forename: Jong-Hyouk
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Md Musfiqur
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Abd El-Aty
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Spiteller
authors.forename: Jae-Han
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Shim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000097:blood* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D005308:Fertilizers / Q000032:analysis*; D059625:Liquid-Liquid Extraction / Q000379:methods*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods*; D019155:Veterinary Drugs / Q000097:blood* / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D005308:Fertilizers; D019155:Veterinary Drugs
keywords: LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometry; environment-friendly agricultural material; liquid-liquid extraction; sedatives; solid-phase extraction; α-, β-blockers