title: A Unique Model for ONSD Part II: Inter/Intra-operator Variability.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evauluate our novel ultrasound model for measurement of optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) and determine the intra- and inter-operator variability associated with this technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted ten measurements of ONSD per model amongst eight different models with a single experienced operator to examine intra-operator variability. Similarly, we had seven different operators measure the OSND twice in eight different models, in order to determine inter-operator variability analyzed with a three level linear statistical model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For intra-operator variability, the intra-cluster correlation coefficients for the experienced and novice operators were 0.643 and 0.453 respectively. This displayed improvement in intra-operator variability with experience. The inter-cluster correlation coefficient was 0 for the group of novice operators, indicating negligible difference amongst multiple operators in measuring any given model of ONSD. A strong, statistically significant, linear relationship between the actual model disc size and the ultrasound ONSD measures was identified, implying the reliability of the images produced by our novel model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Utilizing a novel model for ONSD ultrasonography, we have determined the intraoperator reliability of ONSD measurement to be moderate, with no appreciable difference amongst multiple operators. Improvement in measurement reliability has been demonstrated between expert and novice operators with our model, indicating the potential benefit of simulation platforms for teaching the technique of ONSD ultrasound.
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Zeiler
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Unger
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Kirkpatrick
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Aleassa
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Gillman
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D009900:Optic Nerve / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014463:Ultrasonography