title: Earthworm bioturbation influences the phytoavailability of metals released by particles in cultivated soils.
abstract: The influence of earthworm activity on soil-to-plant metal transfer was studied by carrying out six weeks mesocosms experiments with or without lettuce and/or earthworms in soil with a gradient of metal concentrations due to particles fallouts. Soil characteristics, metal concentrations in lettuce and earthworms were measured and soil porosity in the mesocosms was determined. Earthworms increased the soil pH, macroporosity and soil organic matter content due to the burying of wheat straw provided as food. Earthworm activities increased the metals concentrations in lettuce leaves. Pb and Cd concentrations in lettuce leaves can increase up to 46% with earthworm activities … These results and the low correlation between estimated by CaCl2 and EDTA and measured pollutant phytoavailability suggest that earthworm bioturbation was the main cause of the increase. Bioturbation could affect the proximity of pollutants to the roots and soil organic matter.
authors.affiliation: Université de Toulouse, INP-ENSAT, Av. Agrobiopôle, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; UMR 5245 CNRS-INP-UPS, EcoLab (Laboratoire d'écologie fonctionnelle), Avenue de l'Agrobiopôle, BP 32607, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; ADEME (French Agency for Environment and Energy Management), 20 avenue du Grésillé, BP 90406, 49004 Angers Cedex 01, France.
authors.forename: Thibaut
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Leveque
authors.affiliation: INRA, UR 1115, Plantes et Systèmes Horticoles, Site Agroparc, 84914 Avignon cedex 09, France.
authors.forename: Yvan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Capowiez
authors.affiliation: Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Observatoire Midi Pyrénées, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, 14 avenue E. Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schreck
authors.affiliation: Université de Toulouse, INP-ENSAT, Av. Agrobiopôle, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; UMR 5245 CNRS-INP-UPS, EcoLab (Laboratoire d'écologie fonctionnelle), Avenue de l'Agrobiopôle, BP 32607, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France.
authors.forename: Tiantian
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.affiliation: Université de Toulouse, INP-ENSAT, Av. Agrobiopôle, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; UMR 5245 CNRS-INP-UPS, EcoLab (Laboratoire d'écologie fonctionnelle), Avenue de l'Agrobiopôle, BP 32607, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; STCM, 30 Avenue Fondeyre, 31200 Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Yann
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Foucault
authors.affiliation: Université de Toulouse, INP-ENSAT, Av. Agrobiopôle, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; UMR 5245 CNRS-INP-UPS, EcoLab (Laboratoire d'écologie fonctionnelle), Avenue de l'Agrobiopôle, BP 32607, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France. Electronic address: camille.dumat@ensat.fr.
authors.forename: Camille
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dumat
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018556:Crops, Agricultural / Q000378:metabolism*; D018545:Lactuca / Q000378:metabolism*; D008670:Metals / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D009835:Oligochaeta / Q000502:physiology*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D008670:Metals; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants
keywords: Earthworm bioturbation; Metals; Phytoavailability; Soil characteristics