title: Predictors of functional dependence despite successful revascularization in large-vessel occlusion strokes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  High revascularization rates in large-vessel occlusion strokes treated by mechanical thrombectomy are not always associated with good clinical outcomes. We evaluated predictors of functional dependence despite successful revascularization among patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with thrombectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed the pooled data from the Multi Mechanical Embolus Removal in Cerebral Ischemia (MERCI), Thrombectomy Revascularization of Large Vessel Occlusions in Acute Ischemic Stroke (TREVO), and TREVO 2 trials. Successful revascularization was defined as thrombolysis in cerebral infarction score 2b or 3. Functional dependence was defined as a score of 3 to 6 on the modified Rankin Scale at 3 months. We assessed relationship of demographic, clinical, angiographic characteristics, and hemorrhage with functional dependence despite successful revascularization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred and twenty-eight patients with successful revascularization had clinical outcome follow-up. The rates of functional dependence with endovascular success were 48.6% for Trevo thrombectomy and 58.0% for Merci thrombectomy. Age (odds ratio, 1.04; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.06 per 1-year increase), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (odds ratio, 1.08; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.15 per 1-point increase), and symptom onset to endovascular treatment time (odds ratio, 1.11; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.22 per 30-minute delay) were predictors of functional dependence despite successful revascularization. Symptom onset to reperfusion time beyond 5 hours was associated with functional dependence. All subjects with symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage had functional dependence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  One half of patients with successful mechanical thrombectomy do not have good outcomes. Age, severe neurological deficits, and delayed endovascular treatment were associated with functional dependence despite successful revascularization. Our data support efforts to minimize delays to endovascular therapy in patients with acute ischemic stroke to improve outcomes.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00318071, NCT01088672, and NCT01270867.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Z.S.S.); Departments of Neurology and Radiology, UCLA Stroke Center (D.S.L., G.R.D.); Prospect Analytical Inc, San Jose, CA (B.X.); Department of Clinical Research, Stryker Neurovascular, Fremont, CA (S.G.G.); Department of Radiology, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (L.F.); Department of Neurology, Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA (G.W.A.); OhioHealth Neuroscience Institute, Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus (R.B.); Department of Neurology, Erlanger Health System, Chattanooga, TN (T.D.); Wellstar Neurosurgery, Wellstar Health System, Marietta, GA (R.G.); Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany (O.J.); Department of Neurology, UPMC Stroke Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (T.G.J.); Department of Neurology/Research Institute of Neurointervention, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria (M.K.); Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (H.L.L.); Angioradiology and Interventional Neuroradiology Unit, Radiology Department, Imaging Diagnostic Center, Clinic University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain (J.M.); Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Radiology, Marcus Stroke and Neuroscience Center, Grady Memorial Hospital, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (R.G.N.); Department of Neurology, The University of Kansas Hospital (M.R.); Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (W.S.S.); and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (N.W.). zhongsongshi@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Zhong-Song
authors.initials: ZS
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Z.S.S.); Departments of Neurology and Radiology, UCLA Stroke Center (D.S.L., G.R.D.); Prospect Analytical Inc, San Jose, CA (B.X.); Department of Clinical Research, Stryker Neurovascular, Fremont, CA (S.G.G.); Department of Radiology, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (L.F.); Department of Neurology, Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA (G.W.A.); OhioHealth Neuroscience Institute, Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus (R.B.); Department of Neurology, Erlanger Health System, Chattanooga, TN (T.D.); Wellstar Neurosurgery, Wellstar Health System, Marietta, GA (R.G.); Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany (O.J.); Department of Neurology, UPMC Stroke Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (T.G.J.); Department of Neurology/Research Institute of Neurointervention, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria (M.K.); Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (H.L.L.); Angioradiology and Interventional Neuroradiology Unit, Radiology Department, Imaging Diagnostic Center, Clinic University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain (J.M.); Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Radiology, Marcus Stroke and Neuroscience Center, Grady Memorial Hospital, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (R.G.N.); Department of Neurology, The University of Kansas Hospital (M.R.); Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (W.S.S.); and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (N.W.).
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Liebeskind
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Z.S.S.); Departments of Neurology and Radiology, UCLA Stroke Center (D.S.L., G.R.D.); Prospect Analytical Inc, San Jose, CA (B.X.); Department of Clinical Research, Stryker Neurovascular, Fremont, CA (S.G.G.); Department of Radiology, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (L.F.); Department of Neurology, Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA (G.W.A.); OhioHealth Neuroscience Institute, Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus (R.B.); Department of Neurology, Erlanger Health System, Chattanooga, TN (T.D.); Wellstar Neurosurgery, Wellstar Health System, Marietta, GA (R.G.); Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany (O.J.); Department of Neurology, UPMC Stroke Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (T.G.J.); Department of Neurology/Research Institute of Neurointervention, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria (M.K.); Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (H.L.L.); Angioradiology and Interventional Neuroradiology Unit, Radiology Department, Imaging Diagnostic Center, Clinic University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain (J.M.); Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Radiology, Marcus Stroke and Neuroscience Center, Grady Memorial Hospital, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (R.G.N.); Department of Neurology, The University of Kansas Hospital (M.R.); Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (W.S.S.); and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (N.W.).
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Z.S.S.); Departments of Neurology and Radiology, UCLA Stroke Center (D.S.L., G.R.D.); Prospect Analytical Inc, San Jose, CA (B.X.); Department of Clinical Research, Stryker Neurovascular, Fremont, CA (S.G.G.); Department of Radiology, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (L.F.); Department of Neurology, Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA (G.W.A.); OhioHealth Neuroscience Institute, Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus (R.B.); Department of Neurology, Erlanger Health System, Chattanooga, TN (T.D.); Wellstar Neurosurgery, Wellstar Health System, Marietta, GA (R.G.); Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany (O.J.); Department of Neurology, UPMC Stroke Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (T.G.J.); Department of Neurology/Research Institute of Neurointervention, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria (M.K.); Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (H.L.L.); Angioradiology and Interventional Neuroradiology Unit, Radiology Department, Imaging Diagnostic Center, Clinic University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain (J.M.); Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Radiology, Marcus Stroke and Neuroscience Center, Grady Memorial Hospital, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (R.G.N.); Department of Neurology, The University of Kansas Hospital (M.R.); Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (W.S.S.); and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (N.W.).
authors.forename: Sijian Grace
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Z.S.S.); Departments of Neurology and Radiology, UCLA Stroke Center (D.S.L., G.R.D.); Prospect Analytical Inc, San Jose, CA (B.X.); Department of Clinical Research, Stryker Neurovascular, Fremont, CA (S.G.G.); Department of Radiology, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (L.F.); Department of Neurology, Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA (G.W.A.); OhioHealth Neuroscience Institute, Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus (R.B.); Department of Neurology, Erlanger Health System, Chattanooga, TN (T.D.); Wellstar Neurosurgery, Wellstar Health System, Marietta, GA (R.G.); Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany (O.J.); Department of Neurology, UPMC Stroke Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (T.G.J.); Department of Neurology/Research Institute of Neurointervention, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria (M.K.); Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (H.L.L.); Angioradiology and Interventional Neuroradiology Unit, Radiology Department, Imaging Diagnostic Center, Clinic University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain (J.M.); Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Radiology, Marcus Stroke and Neuroscience Center, Grady Memorial Hospital, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (R.G.N.); Department of Neurology, The University of Kansas Hospital (M.R.); Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (W.S.S.); and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (N.W.).
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Z.S.S.); Departments of Neurology and Radiology, UCLA Stroke Center (D.S.L., G.R.D.); Prospect Analytical Inc, San Jose, CA (B.X.); Department of Clinical Research, Stryker Neurovascular, Fremont, CA (S.G.G.); Department of Radiology, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (L.F.); Department of Neurology, Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA (G.W.A.); OhioHealth Neuroscience Institute, Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus (R.B.); Department of Neurology, Erlanger Health System, Chattanooga, TN (T.D.); Wellstar Neurosurgery, Wellstar Health System, Marietta, GA (R.G.); Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany (O.J.); Department of Neurology, UPMC Stroke Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (T.G.J.); Department of Neurology/Research Institute of Neurointervention, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria (M.K.); Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (H.L.L.); Angioradiology and Interventional Neuroradiology Unit, Radiology Department, Imaging Diagnostic Center, Clinic University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain (J.M.); Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Radiology, Marcus Stroke and Neuroscience Center, Grady Memorial Hospital, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (R.G.N.); Department of Neurology, The University of Kansas Hospital (M.R.); Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (W.S.S.); and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (N.W.).
authors.forename: Gregory W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Albers
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Z.S.S.); Departments of Neurology and Radiology, UCLA Stroke Center (D.S.L., G.R.D.); Prospect Analytical Inc, San Jose, CA (B.X.); Department of Clinical Research, Stryker Neurovascular, Fremont, CA (S.G.G.); Department of Radiology, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (L.F.); Department of Neurology, Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA (G.W.A.); OhioHealth Neuroscience Institute, Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus (R.B.); Department of Neurology, Erlanger Health System, Chattanooga, TN (T.D.); Wellstar Neurosurgery, Wellstar Health System, Marietta, GA (R.G.); Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany (O.J.); Department of Neurology, UPMC Stroke Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (T.G.J.); Department of Neurology/Research Institute of Neurointervention, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria (M.K.); Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (H.L.L.); Angioradiology and Interventional Neuroradiology Unit, Radiology Department, Imaging Diagnostic Center, Clinic University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain (J.M.); Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Radiology, Marcus Stroke and Neuroscience Center, Grady Memorial Hospital, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (R.G.N.); Department of Neurology, The University of Kansas Hospital (M.R.); Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (W.S.S.); and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (N.W.).
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Budzik
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Z.S.S.); Departments of Neurology and Radiology, UCLA Stroke Center (D.S.L., G.R.D.); Prospect Analytical Inc, San Jose, CA (B.X.); Department of Clinical Research, Stryker Neurovascular, Fremont, CA (S.G.G.); Department of Radiology, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (L.F.); Department of Neurology, Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA (G.W.A.); OhioHealth Neuroscience Institute, Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus (R.B.); Department of Neurology, Erlanger Health System, Chattanooga, TN (T.D.); Wellstar Neurosurgery, Wellstar Health System, Marietta, GA (R.G.); Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany (O.J.); Department of Neurology, UPMC Stroke Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (T.G.J.); Department of Neurology/Research Institute of Neurointervention, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria (M.K.); Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (H.L.L.); Angioradiology and Interventional Neuroradiology Unit, Radiology Department, Imaging Diagnostic Center, Clinic University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain (J.M.); Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Radiology, Marcus Stroke and Neuroscience Center, Grady Memorial Hospital, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (R.G.N.); Department of Neurology, The University of Kansas Hospital (M.R.); Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (W.S.S.); and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (N.W.).
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Devlin
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Z.S.S.); Departments of Neurology and Radiology, UCLA Stroke Center (D.S.L., G.R.D.); Prospect Analytical Inc, San Jose, CA (B.X.); Department of Clinical Research, Stryker Neurovascular, Fremont, CA (S.G.G.); Department of Radiology, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (L.F.); Department of Neurology, Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA (G.W.A.); OhioHealth Neuroscience Institute, Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus (R.B.); Department of Neurology, Erlanger Health System, Chattanooga, TN (T.D.); Wellstar Neurosurgery, Wellstar Health System, Marietta, GA (R.G.); Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany (O.J.); Department of Neurology, UPMC Stroke Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (T.G.J.); Department of Neurology/Research Institute of Neurointervention, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria (M.K.); Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (H.L.L.); Angioradiology and Interventional Neuroradiology Unit, Radiology Department, Imaging Diagnostic Center, Clinic University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain (J.M.); Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Radiology, Marcus Stroke and Neuroscience Center, Grady Memorial Hospital, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (R.G.N.); Department of Neurology, The University of Kansas Hospital (M.R.); Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (W.S.S.); and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (N.W.).
authors.forename: Rishi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Z.S.S.); Departments of Neurology and Radiology, UCLA Stroke Center (D.S.L., G.R.D.); Prospect Analytical Inc, San Jose, CA (B.X.); Department of Clinical Research, Stryker Neurovascular, Fremont, CA (S.G.G.); Department of Radiology, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (L.F.); Department of Neurology, Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA (G.W.A.); OhioHealth Neuroscience Institute, Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus (R.B.); Department of Neurology, Erlanger Health System, Chattanooga, TN (T.D.); Wellstar Neurosurgery, Wellstar Health System, Marietta, GA (R.G.); Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany (O.J.); Department of Neurology, UPMC Stroke Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (T.G.J.); Department of Neurology/Research Institute of Neurointervention, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria (M.K.); Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (H.L.L.); Angioradiology and Interventional Neuroradiology Unit, Radiology Department, Imaging Diagnostic Center, Clinic University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain (J.M.); Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Radiology, Marcus Stroke and Neuroscience Center, Grady Memorial Hospital, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (R.G.N.); Department of Neurology, The University of Kansas Hospital (M.R.); Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (W.S.S.); and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (N.W.).
authors.forename: Olav
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Jansen
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Z.S.S.); Departments of Neurology and Radiology, UCLA Stroke Center (D.S.L., G.R.D.); Prospect Analytical Inc, San Jose, CA (B.X.); Department of Clinical Research, Stryker Neurovascular, Fremont, CA (S.G.G.); Department of Radiology, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (L.F.); Department of Neurology, Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA (G.W.A.); OhioHealth Neuroscience Institute, Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus (R.B.); Department of Neurology, Erlanger Health System, Chattanooga, TN (T.D.); Wellstar Neurosurgery, Wellstar Health System, Marietta, GA (R.G.); Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany (O.J.); Department of Neurology, UPMC Stroke Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (T.G.J.); Department of Neurology/Research Institute of Neurointervention, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria (M.K.); Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (H.L.L.); Angioradiology and Interventional Neuroradiology Unit, Radiology Department, Imaging Diagnostic Center, Clinic University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain (J.M.); Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Radiology, Marcus Stroke and Neuroscience Center, Grady Memorial Hospital, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (R.G.N.); Department of Neurology, The University of Kansas Hospital (M.R.); Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (W.S.S.); and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (N.W.).
authors.forename: Tudor G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Jovin
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Z.S.S.); Departments of Neurology and Radiology, UCLA Stroke Center (D.S.L., G.R.D.); Prospect Analytical Inc, San Jose, CA (B.X.); Department of Clinical Research, Stryker Neurovascular, Fremont, CA (S.G.G.); Department of Radiology, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (L.F.); Department of Neurology, Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA (G.W.A.); OhioHealth Neuroscience Institute, Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus (R.B.); Department of Neurology, Erlanger Health System, Chattanooga, TN (T.D.); Wellstar Neurosurgery, Wellstar Health System, Marietta, GA (R.G.); Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany (O.J.); Department of Neurology, UPMC Stroke Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (T.G.J.); Department of Neurology/Research Institute of Neurointervention, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria (M.K.); Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (H.L.L.); Angioradiology and Interventional Neuroradiology Unit, Radiology Department, Imaging Diagnostic Center, Clinic University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain (J.M.); Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Radiology, Marcus Stroke and Neuroscience Center, Grady Memorial Hospital, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (R.G.N.); Department of Neurology, The University of Kansas Hospital (M.R.); Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (W.S.S.); and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (N.W.).
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Killer-Oberpfalzer
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Z.S.S.); Departments of Neurology and Radiology, UCLA Stroke Center (D.S.L., G.R.D.); Prospect Analytical Inc, San Jose, CA (B.X.); Department of Clinical Research, Stryker Neurovascular, Fremont, CA (S.G.G.); Department of Radiology, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (L.F.); Department of Neurology, Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA (G.W.A.); OhioHealth Neuroscience Institute, Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus (R.B.); Department of Neurology, Erlanger Health System, Chattanooga, TN (T.D.); Wellstar Neurosurgery, Wellstar Health System, Marietta, GA (R.G.); Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany (O.J.); Department of Neurology, UPMC Stroke Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (T.G.J.); Department of Neurology/Research Institute of Neurointervention, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria (M.K.); Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (H.L.L.); Angioradiology and Interventional Neuroradiology Unit, Radiology Department, Imaging Diagnostic Center, Clinic University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain (J.M.); Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Radiology, Marcus Stroke and Neuroscience Center, Grady Memorial Hospital, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (R.G.N.); Department of Neurology, The University of Kansas Hospital (M.R.); Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (W.S.S.); and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (N.W.).
authors.forename: Helmi L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Lutsep
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Z.S.S.); Departments of Neurology and Radiology, UCLA Stroke Center (D.S.L., G.R.D.); Prospect Analytical Inc, San Jose, CA (B.X.); Department of Clinical Research, Stryker Neurovascular, Fremont, CA (S.G.G.); Department of Radiology, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (L.F.); Department of Neurology, Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA (G.W.A.); OhioHealth Neuroscience Institute, Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus (R.B.); Department of Neurology, Erlanger Health System, Chattanooga, TN (T.D.); Wellstar Neurosurgery, Wellstar Health System, Marietta, GA (R.G.); Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany (O.J.); Department of Neurology, UPMC Stroke Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (T.G.J.); Department of Neurology/Research Institute of Neurointervention, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria (M.K.); Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (H.L.L.); Angioradiology and Interventional Neuroradiology Unit, Radiology Department, Imaging Diagnostic Center, Clinic University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain (J.M.); Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Radiology, Marcus Stroke and Neuroscience Center, Grady Memorial Hospital, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (R.G.N.); Department of Neurology, The University of Kansas Hospital (M.R.); Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (W.S.S.); and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (N.W.).
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Macho
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Z.S.S.); Departments of Neurology and Radiology, UCLA Stroke Center (D.S.L., G.R.D.); Prospect Analytical Inc, San Jose, CA (B.X.); Department of Clinical Research, Stryker Neurovascular, Fremont, CA (S.G.G.); Department of Radiology, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (L.F.); Department of Neurology, Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA (G.W.A.); OhioHealth Neuroscience Institute, Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus (R.B.); Department of Neurology, Erlanger Health System, Chattanooga, TN (T.D.); Wellstar Neurosurgery, Wellstar Health System, Marietta, GA (R.G.); Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany (O.J.); Department of Neurology, UPMC Stroke Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (T.G.J.); Department of Neurology/Research Institute of Neurointervention, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria (M.K.); Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (H.L.L.); Angioradiology and Interventional Neuroradiology Unit, Radiology Department, Imaging Diagnostic Center, Clinic University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain (J.M.); Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Radiology, Marcus Stroke and Neuroscience Center, Grady Memorial Hospital, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (R.G.N.); Department of Neurology, The University of Kansas Hospital (M.R.); Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (W.S.S.); and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (N.W.).
authors.forename: Raul G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Nogueira
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Z.S.S.); Departments of Neurology and Radiology, UCLA Stroke Center (D.S.L., G.R.D.); Prospect Analytical Inc, San Jose, CA (B.X.); Department of Clinical Research, Stryker Neurovascular, Fremont, CA (S.G.G.); Department of Radiology, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (L.F.); Department of Neurology, Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA (G.W.A.); OhioHealth Neuroscience Institute, Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus (R.B.); Department of Neurology, Erlanger Health System, Chattanooga, TN (T.D.); Wellstar Neurosurgery, Wellstar Health System, Marietta, GA (R.G.); Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany (O.J.); Department of Neurology, UPMC Stroke Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (T.G.J.); Department of Neurology/Research Institute of Neurointervention, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria (M.K.); Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (H.L.L.); Angioradiology and Interventional Neuroradiology Unit, Radiology Department, Imaging Diagnostic Center, Clinic University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain (J.M.); Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Radiology, Marcus Stroke and Neuroscience Center, Grady Memorial Hospital, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (R.G.N.); Department of Neurology, The University of Kansas Hospital (M.R.); Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (W.S.S.); and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (N.W.).
authors.forename: Marilyn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rymer
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Z.S.S.); Departments of Neurology and Radiology, UCLA Stroke Center (D.S.L., G.R.D.); Prospect Analytical Inc, San Jose, CA (B.X.); Department of Clinical Research, Stryker Neurovascular, Fremont, CA (S.G.G.); Department of Radiology, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (L.F.); Department of Neurology, Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA (G.W.A.); OhioHealth Neuroscience Institute, Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus (R.B.); Department of Neurology, Erlanger Health System, Chattanooga, TN (T.D.); Wellstar Neurosurgery, Wellstar Health System, Marietta, GA (R.G.); Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany (O.J.); Department of Neurology, UPMC Stroke Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (T.G.J.); Department of Neurology/Research Institute of Neurointervention, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria (M.K.); Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (H.L.L.); Angioradiology and Interventional Neuroradiology Unit, Radiology Department, Imaging Diagnostic Center, Clinic University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain (J.M.); Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Radiology, Marcus Stroke and Neuroscience Center, Grady Memorial Hospital, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (R.G.N.); Department of Neurology, The University of Kansas Hospital (M.R.); Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (W.S.S.); and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (N.W.).
authors.forename: Wade S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Z.S.S.); Departments of Neurology and Radiology, UCLA Stroke Center (D.S.L., G.R.D.); Prospect Analytical Inc, San Jose, CA (B.X.); Department of Clinical Research, Stryker Neurovascular, Fremont, CA (S.G.G.); Department of Radiology, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (L.F.); Department of Neurology, Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA (G.W.A.); OhioHealth Neuroscience Institute, Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus (R.B.); Department of Neurology, Erlanger Health System, Chattanooga, TN (T.D.); Wellstar Neurosurgery, Wellstar Health System, Marietta, GA (R.G.); Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany (O.J.); Department of Neurology, UPMC Stroke Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (T.G.J.); Department of Neurology/Research Institute of Neurointervention, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria (M.K.); Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (H.L.L.); Angioradiology and Interventional Neuroradiology Unit, Radiology Department, Imaging Diagnostic Center, Clinic University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain (J.M.); Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Radiology, Marcus Stroke and Neuroscience Center, Grady Memorial Hospital, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (R.G.N.); Department of Neurology, The University of Kansas Hospital (M.R.); Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (W.S.S.); and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (N.W.).
authors.forename: Nils
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wahlgren
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Z.S.S.); Departments of Neurology and Radiology, UCLA Stroke Center (D.S.L., G.R.D.); Prospect Analytical Inc, San Jose, CA (B.X.); Department of Clinical Research, Stryker Neurovascular, Fremont, CA (S.G.G.); Department of Radiology, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (L.F.); Department of Neurology, Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA (G.W.A.); OhioHealth Neuroscience Institute, Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus (R.B.); Department of Neurology, Erlanger Health System, Chattanooga, TN (T.D.); Wellstar Neurosurgery, Wellstar Health System, Marietta, GA (R.G.); Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany (O.J.); Department of Neurology, UPMC Stroke Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (T.G.J.); Department of Neurology/Research Institute of Neurointervention, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria (M.K.); Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (H.L.L.); Angioradiology and Interventional Neuroradiology Unit, Radiology Department, Imaging Diagnostic Center, Clinic University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain (J.M.); Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Radiology, Marcus Stroke and Neuroscience Center, Grady Memorial Hospital, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (R.G.N.); Department of Neurology, The University of Kansas Hospital (M.R.); Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (W.S.S.); and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (N.W.).
authors.forename: Gary R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Duckwiler
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D020520:Brain Infarction / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002548:Cerebral Revascularization / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D020521:Stroke / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D017131:Thrombectomy / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
keywords: stroke