title: The relationship between serial [(18) F]PBR06 PET imaging of microglial activation and motor function following stroke in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Using [(18) F]PBR06 positron emission tomography (PET) to characterize the time course of stroke-associated neuroinflammation (SAN) in mice, to evaluate whether brain microglia influences motor function after stroke, and to demonstrate the use of [(18) F]PBR06 PET as a therapeutic assessment tool.
  
  
  METHODS
  Stroke was induced by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in Balb/c mice (control, stroke, and stroke with poststroke minocycline treatment). [18 F]PBR06 PET/CT imaging, rotarod tests, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were performed 3, 11, and 22 days poststroke induction (PSI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The stroke group exhibited significantly increased microglial activation, and impaired motor function. Peak microglial activation was 11 days PSI. There was a strong association between microglial activation, motor function, and microglial protein expression on IHC. Minocycline significantly reduced microglial activation and improved motor function by day 22 PSI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  [18 F]PBR06 PET imaging noninvasively characterizes the time course of SAN, and shows increased microglial activation is associated with decreased motor function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Frederick M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Lartey
authors.forename: G-One
authors.initials: GO
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Rehan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: Sahar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rosenblum
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Miao
authors.forename: Natasha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Arksey
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Marta Vilalta
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Colomer
authors.forename: Marjan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rafat
authors.forename: Hongguang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Miguel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Alejandre-Alcazar
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Theo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: Frederick T
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Chin
authors.forename: Raphael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Guzman
authors.forename: Billy W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Loo
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Graves
mesh_terms: D000083:Acetanilides / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000818:Animals; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005260:Female; D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D017628:Microglia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008911:Minocycline; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D020521:Stroke / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D000083:Acetanilides; D003287:Contrast Media; D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes; C538798:N-fluoroacetyl-N-(2,5-dimethoxybenzyl)-2-phenoxyaniline; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D008911:Minocycline