title: Evaluation of the physicochemical properties and push-out bond strength of MTA-based root canal cement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the flowability, setting time, pH, calcium release and bond strength of a MTA-based cement (MTA Fillapex(®)) compared to AH Plus and Sealapex.
  
  
  METHODS
  For the flowability test, the ISO 6876:2001 specification was utilized and for the setting time test, the ASTM C266-03 specification was utilized. For the pH and calcium release measurements, 10 samples were prepared for each group and analyzed for several different periods. For the push-out test, dentin disks were distributed into three groups, according to the cement utilized and into three subgroups, according to the root third (n = 10). After obturation, the specimens underwent push-out testing. The data were compared statistically using a significance level of 5%.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The flowability of all materials was found to be similar (p > 0.05). The setting times were different among the groups tested (MTA Fillapex < Sealapex < AH Plus) (p < 0.05). At days 7 and 28, the MTA Fillapex presented the higher pH values (p < 0.05). At 24 hours and at 14 days, the calcium release of the MTA Fillapex was similar to that of Sealapex (p > 0.05). AH Plus presented the lowest pH and calcium release values (p < 0.05). In all root thirds, the adhesion to the dentin of the MTA Fillapex and Sealapex were significantly lower than that of AH Plus (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MTA Fillapex and Sealapex presented several similar properties and both were found to be different than AH Plus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study evaluated the physicochemical and mechanical properties of new MTA-based root canal cement, in order to use this scaler in root canal fillings. MTA Fillapex showed satisfactory properties for clinical use.
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Student, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gisselle Moraima
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Chávez-Andrade
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil, e-mail: miltoncarloskuga@ hotmail.
authors.forename: Milton Carlos
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Kuga
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru Dental School, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marco Antonio Hungaro
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Renato de Toledo
authors.initials: Rde T
authors.lastname: Leonardo
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Student, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Katia Cristina
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Keine
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Student, Department of Restorative Dentistry Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru Dental School, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Arnaldo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sant'Anna-Junior
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Rio Grande do Sul Federal University, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcus Vinicius Reis
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Só
mesh_terms: D000268:Adhesiveness; D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D002118:Calcium / Q000737:chemistry; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide / Q000737:chemistry; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation; D003804:Dentin / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004853:Epoxy Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D006244:Hardness; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008422:Materials Testing; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry*; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D012459:Salicylates / Q000737:chemistry; D017640:Silicates / Q000737:chemistry*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013997:Time Factors; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004853:Epoxy Resins; D010087:Oxides; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D012459:Salicylates; D017640:Silicates; C534916:epoxy resin-based root canal sealer; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate; C055601:Sealapex; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide; D002118:Calcium