title: A potential wound-healing-promoting peptide from salamander skin.
abstract: Although it is well known that wound healing proceeds incredibly quickly in urodele amphibians, such as newts and salamanders, little is known about skin-wound healing, and no bioactive/effector substance that contributes to wound healing has been identified from these animals. As a step toward understanding salamander wound healing and skin regeneration, a potential wound-healing-promoting peptide (tylotoin; KCVRQNNKRVCK) was identified from salamander skin of Tylototriton verrucosus. It shows comparable wound-healing-promoting ability (EC50=11.14 μg/ml) with epidermal growth factor (EGF; NSDSECPLSHDGYCLHDGVCMYIEALDKYACNCVVGYIGERCQYRDLKWWELR) in a murine model of full-thickness dermal wound. Tylotoin directly enhances the motility and proliferation of keratinocytes, vascular endothelial cells, and fibroblasts, resulting in accelerated reepithelialization and granulation tissue formation in the wound site. Tylotoin also promotes the release of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), which are essential in the wound healing response. Gene-encoded tylotoin secreted in salamander skin is possibly an effector molecule for skin wound healing. This study may facilitate understanding of the cellular and molecular events that underlie quick wound healing in salamanders.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China; and Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Lixian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China; and Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China; and Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Han
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China; and Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Chuanbin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China; and.
authors.forename: Mingqiang
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rong
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China; and Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Zhiye
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China; and rlai@mail.kiz.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Ren
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012038:Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012867:Skin / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014562:Caudata / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1
keywords: TGF-β; full-thickness incision; reepithelialization; urodele amphibians