title: Characteristics of 1226 alcohol-positive drivers involved in nonfatal traffic crashes in Shanghai, China.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of our study was to better characterize and evaluate drunk driving for governmental reference in order to further reduce alcohol-impaired driving.
  
  
  METHODS
  This article reports the characteristics of 1226 alcohol-positive drivers with blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) at or over the legal limit of 0.20 mg/mL involved in nonfatal traffic accidents in Shanghai, China, from 2008 to 2011. The mean BAC, age, and gender of these drivers are discussed as well as the vehicle types and times of day when the crashes occurred.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean BAC was 1.41 mg/mL and the mean age was 38 years old, and the vast majority of drivers were male (96.9%). The mean BAC of male drivers (1.42 mg/mL) was higher than that of female drivers (1.20 mg/mL). The mean age of male drivers (38) was also higher than that of female drivers (33). Distributions of vehicle types involved were studied. Cars had the highest percentage of occurrences (56.4%), followed by motorcycles (32.8%), electric bicycles (6.8%), trucks (1.5%), and bicycles (0.8%). It was found that these alcohol-related traffic crashes most often occurred between 7:00 p.m. and 10:59 p.m., representing 48.1 percent (n = 590) of the 1226 cases. Single-vehicle crashes were overrepresented (70.3%) in all cases. The mean BAC in multivehicle crashes (1.69 mg/mL) was higher than that in single-vehicle crashes (1.30 mg/mL).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicated a notable need for more governmental attention that would prevent accidents caused by driving under the influence of alcohol.
authors.affiliation: a Health Committee Office of Jilin Provincial Party Committee , Changchun , P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yingying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Zhibin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Ziqin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Yonghong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Tianfang
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Yulan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Rao
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000435:Alcoholic Intoxication / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002681:China; D000431:Ethanol / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018986:Motor Vehicles / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol
keywords: drivers; driving under the influence of alcohol; nonfatal traffic accidents