title: Inferior vena cava prosthetic replacement in a patient with horseshoe kidney and metastatic testicular tumor: technical considerations and review of the literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Seminomatous and non-seminomatous Germ Cell Tumors (GCT) of the testis are a rare cancer, with an estimated incidence of 56.3 per million white males and 10 per million black males in the United States.The association between non-seminomatous GCT and horseshoe kidney is a rare event and is seen in about 1.3% of patients requiring retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. To our knowledge, no cases have been reported in which replacement of the IVC was also necessary.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report the case of a 22-year-old man with horseshoe kidney and metastatic non-seminomatous germ cell tumor involving the wall of the inferior vena cava.Following post-chemotherapy retroperitonal lymph node dissection, the inferior vena cava was replaced with an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene graft.At 2-years follow-up, the patient was in good health and the graft was patent. No clinical or diagnostic signs of renal impairment or recurrence of neoplastic disease were noted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Radical surgery is warranted in patients with non-seminomatous germ cell tumor metastasizing to the retroperitoneal lymph nodes. When vena cava replacement is required, and the situation is further complicated by horseshoe kidney, as in this case, surgical technique will rely on multidisciplinary surgical treatment planning by a team composed of urologists, vascular surgeons and oncologists.
authors.affiliation: Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Città della Salute e della Scienza- Molinette Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy. pietro.rispoli@unito.it.
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rispoli
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Destefanis
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Garneri
authors.forename: Gianfranco
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Varetto
authors.forename: Beatrice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lillaz
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Castagno
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lista
authors.forename: Libero
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ciuffreda
authors.forename: Dario
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fontana
mesh_terms: D001807:Blood Vessel Prosthesis; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000002:abnormalities*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation / Q000379:methods; D018239:Seminoma / Q000150:complications / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery*; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D055815:Young Adult