title: The effects of triclosan on pluripotency factors and development of mouse embryonic stem cells and zebrafish.
abstract: Triclosan (TCS) poses potential risks to reproduction and development due to its endocrine-disrupting properties. However, the mechanism of TCS's effects on early embryonic development is little known. Embryonic stem cells (ESC) and zebrafish embryos provide valuable models for testing the toxic effects of environmental chemicals on early embryogenesis. In this study, mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC) were acutely exposed to TCS for 24 h, and general cytotoxicity and the effect of TCS on pluripotency were then evaluated. In addition, zebrafish embryos were exposed to TCS from 2- to 24-h post-fertilization (hpf), and their morphology was evaluated. In mESC, alkaline phosphatase staining was significantly decreased after treatment with the highest concentration of TCS (50 μM). Although the expression levels of Sox2 mRNA were not changed, the mRNA levels of Oct4 and Nanog in TCS-treated groups were significantly decreased compared to controls. In addition, the protein levels of Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog were significantly reduced in response to TCS treatment. MicroRNA (miR)-134, an expression inhibitor of pluripotency markers, was significantly increased in TCS-treated mESC. In zebrafish experiments, after 24 hpf of treatment, the controls had developed to the late stage of somitogenesis, while embryos exposed to 300 μg/L of TCS were still at the early stage of somitogenesis, and three genes (Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog) were upregulated in treated groups when compared with the controls. The two models demonstrated that TCS may affect early embryonic development by disturbing the expression of the pluripotency markers (Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog).
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
authors.forename: Xiaojiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Xiumei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Zhilei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: Minjian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Guizhen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Prue
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Talbot
authors.forename: Xinru
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yankai
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xia
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000187:drug effects*; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000633:toxicity*; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D057026:Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D000066450:Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000071317:Nanog Homeobox Protein; D050814:Octamer Transcription Factor-3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D055747:SOX Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D055748:SOXB1 Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014260:Triclosan / Q000633:toxicity*; D015854:Up-Regulation; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000196:embryology; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D000071317:Nanog Homeobox Protein; C475540:Nanog protein, mouse; C572119:Nanog protein, zebrafish; D050814:Octamer Transcription Factor-3; C494174:Pou5f1 protein, mouse; C085437:Pou5f3 protein, zebrafish; D055747:SOX Transcription Factors; D055748:SOXB1 Transcription Factors; C527783:Sox2 protein, mouse; C544611:Sox2 protein, zebrafish; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins; D014260:Triclosan