title: Lifestyle intervention involving calorie restriction with or without aerobic exercise training improves liver fat in adults with visceral adiposity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of calorie restriction-induced weight loss with or without aerobic exercise on liver fat.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-three adults with visceral adiposity were divided into calorie restriction (CR; n = 18) or CR and aerobic exercise (CR + Ex; n = 15) groups. Target energy intake was 25 kcal/kg of ideal body weight. The CR + Ex group had a targeted exercise time of 300 min/wk or more at lactate threshold intensity for 12 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Reductions in body weight (CR, -5.3 ± 0.8 kg; CR + Ex, -5.1 ± 0.7 kg), fat mass (CR, -4.9 ± 0.9 kg; CR + Ex, -4.4 ± 0.6 kg), and visceral fat (CR, -24 ± 5 cm2; CR + Ex, -37 ± 5 cm2) were not statistically different between groups. Liver fat decreased significantly in both groups, with no difference between groups. Change in maximal oxygen uptake was significantly greater in the CR + Ex group than in the CR group (CR, -0.7 ± 0.7 mL/kg/min; CR + Ex, 2.9 ± 1.0 mL/kg/min).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both CR and CR + Ex resulted in an improved reduction in liver fat; however, there was no additive effect of exercise training.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan ; Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, 3-1-100 Tsukide, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto 862-8502, Japan.
authors.forename: Eiichi
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7517-7260
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan ; Faculty of Nutritional Sciences, Nakamura Gakuen University, 5-7-1 Befu, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0104, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kumahara
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan ; Faculty of Nursing and Nutrition, Nagasaki University, 1-1-1 Manabino, Nagayo, Nishisonogi-gun, Nagasaki 851-2195, Japan.
authors.forename: Takuro
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4789-2563
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tobina
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
authors.forename: Takuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan ; Faculty of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Okayama Prefectural University, 111 Kuboki, Soja-shi, Okayama 719-1197, Japan.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ayabe
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7468-3671
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kiyonaga
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Keizo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Anzai
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Higaki
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan ; Institute for Physical Activity, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanaka
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D000328:Adult; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000378:metabolism*; D008019:Life Style; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000378:metabolism; D050177:Overweight / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology; D015431:Weight Loss