title: Clarifying the butter Boletes: a new genus, Butyriboletus, is established to accommodate Boletus sect. Appendiculati, and six new species are described.
abstract: The butter boletes (Boletus s.l. sect. Appendiculati) are an economically important group of ectomycorrhizal fungi whose basidiocarps have a yellow tube layer that often bruises blue, yellow reticulate stipe, mild flavor and firm yellow-tinged flesh that may or may not turn blue when exposed. Morphological characters and molecular data (ITS and LSU) place this group in a separate phylogenetic clade from Boletus sensu stricto. Here we establish a new genus, Butyriboletus, to accommodate 14 species of butter boletes that range from Asia to Europe, north Africa and North America. We recombine eight previously described butter bolete species and we describe six new species: four from western USA (Bu. persolidus, Bu. primiregius, Bu. autumnigius, Bu. querciregius) and two from Yunnan, China (Bu. yicibus, Bu. sanicibus).
authors.affiliation: Casa Madera Institute, P.O. Box 672, Gualala, California 95445 maxfun@cruzio.com.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Arora
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Southern Oregon University, Ashland, Oregon 97520.
authors.forename: Jonathan L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Frank
mesh_terms: D001487:Basidiomycota / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000235:genetics; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D014197:Trees / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer
keywords: Appendiculati; Boletaceae; Butyriboletus; butter boletes; molecular phylogenetics; new genus; new species; taxonomy