title: Gender and depression moderate response to brief motivational intervention for alcohol misuse among college students.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Brief motivational interventions (BMIs) effectively reduce problematic drinking in college students. However, not all students benefit, and little is known about the subgroups of students for whom BMIs are most effective. In the present study, we examined 2 factors that may influence BMI efficacy: gender and depression.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reanalyzed data from a clinical trial in which heavy drinking students (N = 330; 65% female) were randomized to a BMI (n = 165) or an assessment only control (n = 165). Depression was assessed at baseline; past-month typical drinks per week, heavy drinking frequency, and consequences were assessed at baseline and 1 month. Three- and 2-way interactions among intervention condition (BMI vs. control), gender (male vs. female), and depression (low vs. high) were tested.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed 3-way interaction effects on 2 outcomes: (a) typical drinks per week and (b) frequency of heavy drinking at 1 month. Relative to controls and adjusting for baseline drinking, low-depression women reduced their drinking more after a BMI whereas high-depression women did not show differential improvement. In contrast, high-depression men showed significant reductions in weekly drinks following the BMI whereas low-depression men did not show differential improvement. In addition, higher levels of depression were associated with higher levels of consequences at follow-up across conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BMIs are indicated for heavy drinking, depressed men, consistent with recommendations for implementing screening and brief intervention in mental health settings. However, BMIs may need to be refined to enhance their efficacy for depressed women.
authors.affiliation: Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University.
authors.forename: Jennifer E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Merrill
authors.affiliation: Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University.
authors.forename: Allecia E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University.
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Carey
authors.affiliation: Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University.
authors.forename: Kate B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Carey
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology*; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005783:Gender Identity; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D011614:Psychotherapy, Brief / Q000379:methods*; D012737:Sex Factors; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult