title: A detailed description of the implementation of inpatient insulin orders with a commercial electronic health record system.
abstract: In the setting of Meaningful Use laws and professional society guidelines, hospitals are rapidly implementing electronic glycemic management order sets. There are a number of best practices established in the literature for glycemic management protocols and programs. We believe that this is the first published account of the detailed steps to be taken to design, implement, and optimize glycemic management protocols in a commercial computerized provider order entry (CPOE) system. Prior to CPOE implementation, our hospital already had a mature glycemic management program. To transition to CPOE, we underwent the following 4 steps: (1) preparation and requirements gathering, (2) design and build, (3) implementation and dissemination, and (4) optimization. These steps required more than 2 years of coordinated work between physicians, nurses, pharmacists, and programmers. With the move to CPOE, our complex glycemic management order sets were successfully implemented without any significant interruptions in care. With feedback from users, we have continued to refine the order sets, and this remains an ongoing process. Successful implementation of glycemic management protocols in CPOE is dependent on broad stakeholder input and buy-in. When using a commercial CPOE system, there may be limitations of the system, necessitating workarounds. There should be an upfront plan to apply resources for continuous process improvement and optimization after implementation.
authors.affiliation: University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA aaron.neinstein@ucsf.edu.
authors.forename: Aaron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Neinstein
authors.affiliation: University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Heidemarie Windham
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: MacMaster
authors.affiliation: University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Mary M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.affiliation: University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rushakoff
mesh_terms: D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000188:drug therapy; D011307:Drug Prescriptions; D057286:Electronic Health Records / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007297:Inpatients; D007328:Insulin; D050316:Medical Order Entry Systems
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin
keywords: CPOE; diabetes mellitus; electronic health record (EHR); inpatient glycemic management; insulin