title: FT-IR analysis of urinary stones: a helpful tool for clinician comparison with the chemical spot test.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Kidney stones are a common illness with multifactorial etiopathogenesis. The determination of crystalline and molecular composition and the quantification of all stone components are important to establish the etiology of stones disease but it is often laborious to obtain using the chemical method. The aim of this paper is to compare chemical spot test with FT-IR spectroscopy, for a possible introduction in our laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed 48 calculi using Urinary Calculi Analysis kit in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. The same samples were analyzed by FT-IR using the Perkin Elmer Spectrum One FT-IR Spectrometer. All FT-IR spectra of kidney stones were then computer matched against a library of spectra to generate a report on the various components.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On the basis of FT-IR analysis, the 48 calculi were divided into three groups: pure stone, mixed stone, and pure stone with substances in trace. Results of each group were compared with those obtained with chemical spot test. A general disagreement between methods was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to our data, the introduction of the FT-IR technique in clinical chemistry laboratory may be more responsive to clinician expectations.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Aniello
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Primiano
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7955-8810
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Persichilli
authors.affiliation: Divisione di Nefrologia Complesso Integrato Columbus, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Policlinico Gemelli Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5733-2370
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gambaro
authors.affiliation: Divisione di Nefrologia Complesso Integrato Columbus, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Policlinico Gemelli Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Pietro Manuel
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1379-022X
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Ferraro
authors.affiliation: Clinica Urologica, Policlinico Gemelli Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: D'Addessi
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cocci
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Arcangelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schiattarella
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zuppi
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Jacopo
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2604-7099
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gervasoni
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D064751:Ammonium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D002129:Calcium Oxalate / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008274:Magnesium / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000737:chemistry / Q000175:diagnosis*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D064751:Ammonium Compounds; D002129:Calcium Oxalate; D008274:Magnesium