title: Assisting children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder to reduce the hyperactive behavior of arbitrary standing in class with a Nintendo Wii remote controller through an active reminder and preferred reward stimulation.
abstract: Recent studies in the field of special education have shown that in combination with software technology, high-tech commercial products can be applied as useful assistive technology devices to help people with disabilities. This study extended this concept to turn a Nintendo Wii Remote Controller into a high-performance limb action detector, in order to evaluate whether two students with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) could reduce their hyperactive behavior through an active reminder and stimulation in the form of the participants' preferred rewards. This study focused on one particular hyperactive behavior common to both students: standing up arbitrarily during class. The active reminder was in the form of vibration feedback provided via the built-in function of the Wii Remote Controller, which was controlled and triggered by a control system to remind participants when they were engaging in standing behavior. This study was performed according to a multiple baseline design across participants. The results showed that both participants significantly improved their control over their hyperactive behavior during the intervention phase, and retained this effective performance in the maintenance phase. The practical and developmental implications of the findings are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Special Education, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC. Electronic address: schee@mail.ndhu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Ching-Hsiang
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Shih
authors.affiliation: Department of Special Education, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Shu-Hui
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Special Education, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Yun-Ting
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D001521:Behavior Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D016287:Computer Peripherals; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017010:Reminder Systems; D012201:Reward; D012656:Self-Help Devices; D013813:Therapy, Computer-Assisted
keywords: ADHD; Arbitrarily standing; Wii Remote Controller