title: Blood management strategies for total knee arthroplasty.
abstract: Perioperative blood loss during total knee arthroplasty can be significant, with magnitudes typically ranging from 300 mL to 1 L, with occasional reports of up to 2 L. The resultant anemia can lead to severe complications, such as higher rates of postoperative infection, slower physical recovery, increased length of hospital stay, and increased morbidity and mortality. Although blood transfusions are now screened to a greater extent than in the past, they still carry the inherent risks of clerical error, infection, and immunologic reactions, all of which drive the need to develop alternative blood management strategies. Thorough patient evaluation is essential to individualize care through dedicated blood management and conservation pathways in order to maximize efficacy and avoid associated complications. Interventions may be implemented preoperatively, intraoperatively, and postoperatively.
authors.affiliation: From Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL (Dr. Levine, Dr. Haughom, Dr. Hellman, and Dr. Frank), and the University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Rochester, NY (Dr. Strong).
authors.forename: Brett Russell
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.affiliation: From Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL (Dr. Levine, Dr. Haughom, Dr. Hellman, and Dr. Frank), and the University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Rochester, NY (Dr. Strong).
authors.forename: Bryan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Haughom
authors.affiliation: From Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL (Dr. Levine, Dr. Haughom, Dr. Hellman, and Dr. Frank), and the University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Rochester, NY (Dr. Strong).
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Strong
authors.affiliation: From Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL (Dr. Levine, Dr. Haughom, Dr. Hellman, and Dr. Frank), and the University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Rochester, NY (Dr. Strong).
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hellman
authors.affiliation: From Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL (Dr. Levine, Dr. Haughom, Dr. Hellman, and Dr. Frank), and the University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Rochester, NY (Dr. Strong).
authors.forename: Rachel M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Frank
mesh_terms: D019645:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee; D016913:Blood Component Transfusion / Q000379:methods; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004564:Electrocoagulation; D006438:Hemodilution; D006488:Hemostasis, Surgical / Q000379:methods; D006490:Hemostatics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D017075:Laser Coagulation; D014111:Tourniquets
chemical_list: D006490:Hemostatics