title: Human papillomavirus infection is not related with prostatitis-related symptoms: results from a case-control study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relationship between human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and prostatitis-related symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  All young heterosexual patients with prostatitis-related symptoms attending the same Center from January 2005 to December 2010 were eligible for this case-control study. Sexually active asymptomatic men were considered as the control group. All subjects underwent clinical examination, Meares-Stamey test and DNA-HPV test. Patients with prostatitis-related symptoms and asymptomatic men were compared in terms of HPV prevalence. Moreover, multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed to determine the association between HPV infection and prostatitis-related symptoms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 814 out of 2,938 patients (27.7%) and 292 out of 1,081 controls (27.0%) proved positive to HPV. The HPV genotype distribution was as follows: HR-HPV 478 (43.3%), PHR-HPV 77 (6.9%), LR-HPV 187 (16.9%) and PNG-HPV 364 (32.9%). The most common HPV genotypes were: 6, 11, 16, 26, 51, 53 and 81. No difference was found between the two groups in terms of HPV infection (OR 1.03; 95% CI 0.88-1.22; p = 0.66). We noted a statistically significant increase in HPV infection over the period 2005 to 2010 (p < 0.001) in both groups. Moreover, we found a statistically significant increase in HPV 16 frequency from 2005 to 2010 (p = 0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study highlights that prostatitis-like symptoms are unrelated to HPV infection. Secondary, we highlight the high prevalence of asymptomatic HPV infection among young heterosexual men.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bartoletti
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Santa Chiara Regional Hospital, Trento, Italy.
authors.forename: Tommaso
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Meliani
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mondaini
authors.affiliation: Sexually Transmitted Diseases Center, Santa Maria Annunziata Hospital, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Meacci
authors.affiliation: Sexually Transmitted Diseases Center, Santa Maria Annunziata Hospital, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Addonisio
authors.affiliation: Sexually Transmitted Diseases Center, Santa Maria Annunziata Hospital, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Albanese
authors.affiliation: DDepartment of Pathology and Oncology (GN), University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nesi
authors.affiliation: Sexually Transmitted Diseases Center, Santa Maria Annunziata Hospital, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mazzoli
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D052685:Alphapapillomavirus; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D058345:Asymptomatic Infections; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011472:Prostatitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult