title: State anxiety and depression as factors modulating and influencing postoperative pain in dental implant surgery. A prospective clinical survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether preoperative state anxiety and depression modulate or influence objective and subjective postoperative pain following dental implant insertion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, clinical study with 7-day follow-up of a sample of 105 subjects who preoperatively completed the state anxiety questionnaire (STAI-E) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and postoperatively, at 2 and 7 days, recorded objective pain with the Semmes-Weinstein mechanical esthesiometer (SW test) and subjective pain with the Visual Analog Scale (VAS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  85.6% and 81.5% of patients, respectively, recorded no signs of state anxiety or depression. The correlation between anxiety and depression for both maxillary bones was the lower (P=0.02). The correlation between subjective and objective pain at 2 and 7 days, and the anatomic regions intervened, was statistically significant in the mandible at day 7 (P<0.01), and highly significant (P<0.001) for the other variables. The correlation between state anxiety and objective pain at day 7 was nearly statistically significant (P=0.07).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The correlation between state anxiety and depression, and objective and subjective pain at day 7 was not statistically significant. A strong correlation was found between objective and subjective pain in the immediate postoperative period.
authors.affiliation: Universidad de Salamanca, Spain, anlopezvalverde@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gómez-de Diego
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cutando-Soriano
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Montero-Martín
authors.forename: Juan-Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Prados-Frutos
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: López-Valverde
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001007:Anxiety / Q000150:complications*; D015921:Dental Implants; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants