title: Gelatin hydrogel as a carrier of recombinant human fibroblast growth factor-2 during rat mandibular distraction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to evaluate the feasibility of a gelatin hydrogel system to enhance recombinant human fibroblast growth factor-2 (rhFGF-2)-induced osteogenic effects during rat mandibular distraction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mandibular distraction was performed in 28 male Wistar rats. Then, the rats were divided into 5 groups in which the designated gel mix was inserted into the distracted area: group 1, rhFGF-2 alone (n = 5); group 2, collagen alone (n = 6); group 3, collagen incorporating rhFGF-2 (n = 6); group 4, gelatin hydrogel alone (n = 5); and group 5, gelatin hydrogel incorporating rhFGF-2 (n = 6). The mandibles were excised 29 days after surgery and the newly formed bone was analyzed radiologically and histologically. The experimental groups were compared using the Fisher post hoc test (95% statistical significance threshold; P < .05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Peripheral quantitative computed tomographic analysis, von Kossa staining, and calcein staining showed that using gelatin hydrogel with rhFGF-2 (group 5) significantly increased cortical bone mineral density, the domain area of hard tissue, the domain area of cortical bone area, total bone mineral content, cortical bone mineral content, the von Kossa-stained area, and the calcein-stained area compared with the collagen carrier (group 3). Group 5 also had a significantly larger number of cells positive for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase compared with group 3 and radiopaque areas were observed more frequently.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present findings suggest that gelatin hydrogel is a feasible delivery system for rhFGF-2, and when used together perform better in regard to hard tissue healing and treatment time after surgery.
authors.affiliation: PhD Student, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: akimura.osur@tmd.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.affiliation: Junior Associate Professor, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kabasawa
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Biomaterials, Field of Tissue Engineering, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuhiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tabata
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Biomatrix, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.affiliation: Professor, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Biomatrix, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Keiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohya
authors.affiliation: Professor, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Omura
mesh_terms: D000135:Acid Phosphatase / Q000032:analysis; D019412:Anatomy, Cross-Sectional; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects; D003094:Collagen / Q000737:chemistry; D004396:Coloring Agents; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005452:Fluoresceins; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D005780:Gelatin / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate / Q000737:chemistry*; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000187:drug effects / Q000601:surgery*; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D019857:Osteogenesis, Distraction / Q000379:methods*; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000071681:Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004396:Coloring Agents; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005452:Fluoresceins; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007527:Isoenzymes; C100666:KCB-1 protein, recombinant; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate; D005780:Gelatin; D003094:Collagen; D000135:Acid Phosphatase; D000071681:Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; C007740:fluorexon