title: Low level of HIV-1 evolution after transmission from mother to child.
abstract: Mother-to-child HIV-1 transmission pairs represent a good opportunity to study the dynamics of CTL escape and reversion after transmission in the light of shared and non-shared HLA-alleles. Mothers share half of their HLA alleles with their children, while the other half is inherited from the father and is generally discordant between mother and child. This implies that HIV-1 transmitted from mother to child enters a host environment to which it has already partially adapted. Here, we studied viral evolution and the dynamics of CTL escape mutations and reversion of these mutations after transmission in the context of shared and non-shared HLA alleles in viral variants obtained from five mother-to-child transmission pairs. Only limited HIV-1 evolution was observed in the children after mother-to-child transmission. Viral evolution was mainly driven by forward mutations located inside CTL epitopes restricted by HLA alleles inherited from the father, which may be indicative of CTL pressure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Immunology, Sanquin Research, Landsteiner Laboratory, and Center for Infectious Diseases and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Esther F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Gijsbers
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Immunology, Sanquin Research, Landsteiner Laboratory, and Center for Infectious Diseases and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ad C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: van Nuenen
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Immunology, Sanquin Research, Landsteiner Laboratory, and Center for Infectious Diseases and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Alba Torrents
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: de la Peňa
authors.affiliation: Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Emma J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Bowles
authors.affiliation: Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Guillaume B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Stewart-Jones
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Experimental Immunology, Sanquin Research, Landsteiner Laboratory, and Center for Infectious Diseases and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands [2].
authors.forename: Hanneke
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schuitemaker
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Immunology, Sanquin Research, Landsteiner Laboratory, and Center for Infectious Diseases and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Neeltje A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Kootstra
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000939:Epitopes / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005260:Female; D015683:Gene Products, gag / Q000235:genetics; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity; D015234:HLA-A Antigens / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D010802:Phylogeny; D011247:Pregnancy; D054299:env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000235:genetics; D054311:nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000939:Epitopes; D015683:Gene Products, gag; D015234:HLA-A Antigens; D054299:env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; D054311:nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; C514837:nef protein, Human immunodeficiency virus 1