title: Nanosilver particles in medical applications: synthesis, performance, and toxicity.
abstract: Nanosilver particles (NSPs), are among the most attractive nanomaterials, and have been widely used in a range of biomedical applications, including diagnosis, treatment, drug delivery, medical device coating, and for personal health care. With the increasing application of NSPs in medical contexts, it is becoming necessary for a better understanding of the mechanisms of NSPs' biological interactions and their potential toxicity. In this review, we first introduce the synthesis routes of NSPs, including physical, chemical, and biological or green synthesis. Then the unique physiochemical properties of NSPs, such as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory activity, are discussed in detail. Further, some recent applications of NSPs in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment in medical fields are described. Finally, potential toxicology considerations of NSPs, both in vitro and in vivo, are also addressed.
authors.affiliation: Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, People's Republic of China ; Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Liangpeng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada ; Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, Canada ; School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qingtao
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada ; Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, Canada.
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ouyang
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaojian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada ; Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, Canada.
authors.forename: Malcolm M Q
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Xing
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use* / Q000633:toxicity; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D012834:Silver
keywords: biomedical application; nanosilver particles; synthesis; toxicity