title: Trait impulsivity and impaired prefrontal impulse inhibition function in adolescents with internet gaming addiction revealed by a Go/No-Go fMRI study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent studies suggest that Internet gaming addiction (IGA) is an impulse disorder, or is at least related to impulse control disorders. In the present study, we hypothesized that different facets of trait impulsivity may be specifically linked to the brain regions with impaired impulse inhibition function in IGA adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen adolescents with IGA and seventeen healthy controls were scanned during performance of a response-inhibition Go/No-Go task using a 3.0 T MRI scanner. The Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS)-11 was used to assess impulsivity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no differences in the behavioral performance on the Go/No-Go task between the groups. However, the IGA group was significantly hyperactive during No-Go trials in the left superior medial frontal gyrus, right anterior cingulate cortex, right superior/middle frontal gyrus, left inferior parietal lobule, left precentral gyrus, and left precuneus and cuneus. Further, the bilateral middle temporal gyrus, bilateral inferior temporal gyrus, and right superior parietal lobule were significantly hypoactive during No-Go trials. Activation of the left superior medial frontal gyrus was positively associated with BIS-11 and Chen Internet Addiction Scale (CIAS) total score across IGA participants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that the prefrontal cortex may be involved in the circuit modulating impulsivity, while its impaired function may relate to high impulsivity in adolescents with IGA, which may contribute directly to the Internet addiction process.
authors.forename: Wei-na
authors.initials: WN
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Jin-hua
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Ya-Wen
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Xue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, PR China. YZ2013-D@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Zhi-guo
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Zhuang
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jian-rong
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Ya-song
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Du
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016739:Behavior, Addictive / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007175:Impulsive Behavior / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D020407:Internet; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010551:Personality / Q000502:physiology*; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D018910:Video Games; D055815:Young Adult