title: Molecular and phylogenetic characterization based on the complete genome of a virulent pathotype of Newcastle disease virus isolated in the 1970s in Brazil.
abstract: Newcastle disease (ND) is caused by the avian paramyxovirus type 1 (APMV-1) or Newcastle disease virus (NDV) that comprises a diverse group of viruses with a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA genome. ND is one of the most important diseases of chickens, because it severely affects poultry production worldwide. In the 1970s, outbreaks of virulent ND were recorded in Brazil, and the strain APMV-1/Chicken/Brazil/SJM/75 (SJM) of NDV was isolated. This strain was characterized as highly pathogenic for chickens but not pathogenic for other bird species. Here we present the complete genome of NDV strain SJM and investigate the phylogenetic relationships of this virus with other NDV strains in terms of genome and proteins composition, as well as characterizing its evolution process. The NDV strain SJM is categorized as a velogenic virus and the complete genome is 15,192 nucleotides in length, consisting of six genes in the order 3'-NP-P-M-F-HN-L-5'. The presence of the major pathogenic determinant of NDV strains ((112)R-R-Q-K-R↓F(117)) was identified in the Fusion protein of the NDV strain SJM. In addition, phylogenetic analysis classified the NDV strain SJM as a member of class II, genotype V, and indicates that this virus help us in the understanding of the evolutionary process of strains belonging to this genotype. This study contributes to the growing interest involving the characterization of NDV isolates to improve our current understanding about the epidemiology, surveillance and evolution of the pathogenic strains.
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus Jaboticabal, Departamento de Patologia, Laboratório de Imunologia e Virologia, 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: camila.fernandes@fcav.unesp.br.
authors.forename: Camila C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus Jaboticabal, Departamento de Tecnologia, 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alessandro M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Varani
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus Jaboticabal, Departamento de Tecnologia, 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eliana G M
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Lemos
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus Jaboticabal, Departamento de Biologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vitor Fernandes O
authors.initials: VF
authors.lastname: de Miranda
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus Jaboticabal, Departamento de Patologia, Laboratório de Imunologia e Virologia, 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ketherson R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus Jaboticabal, Departamento de Patologia, Laboratório de Imunologia e Virologia, 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Filipe S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Fernando
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus Jaboticabal, Departamento de Patologia, Laboratório de Imunologia e Virologia, 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria F S
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Montassier
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus Jaboticabal, Departamento de Patologia, Laboratório de Imunologia e Virologia, 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: heliojm@fcav.unesp.br.
authors.forename: Helio J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Montassier
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002645:Chickens; D019295:Computational Biology; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D016679:Genome, Viral; D005838:Genotype; D049673:History, 20th Century; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009521:Newcastle Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000266:history / Q000821:virology*; D009522:Newcastle disease virus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010802:Phylogeny; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D014764:Viral Proteins
keywords: APMV-1; Complete genome; Newcastle disease virus; Phylogenetic analysis; Virulent strain