title: Risk of cerebral palsy associated with neonatal encephalopathy in macrosomic neonates.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether macrosomic infants with a birthweight of 4.0 kg or more have increased risk of cerebral palsy associated with neonatal encephalopathy (Enc-CP).
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of 132 singleton infants with Enc-CP fulfilling all of the following criteria: born at gestational week (GW) 37 or more (n = 126) or weighing 2.5 kg or more at birth (n = 116) in or after January 2009 in Japan; no identifiable causes of cerebral palsy other than antenatal or intrapartum hypoxia; and exhibition of neonatal encephalopathy. National statistics of Japan were used to determine the numbers of infants according to birthweight categories.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 116 infants with a birthweight of 2.5 kg or more, 46 (39.7%), 49 (42.2%), 17 (14.7%) and four (3.4%) infants had birthweights of 2.5-2.99, 3.0-3.49, 3.5-3.99 and 4.0 kg or more, respectively. Corresponding figures among Japanese infants born in 2009-2011 were 42.8%, 45.4%, 10.9% and 0.90%, respectively. Infants with a birthweight of 4.0 kg or more had a relative risk (95% confidence interval) of Enc-CP of 3.89 (1.52-9.95) compared to those with a birthweight of 2.5-2.99 kg.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Japanese infants with a birthweight of 4.0 kg or more have increased risk of Enc-CP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Rina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Akaishi
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Mamoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morikawa
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaneuchi
authors.forename: Hisanori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Minakami
mesh_terms: D001724:Birth Weight; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000209:etiology*; D005320:Fetal Macrosomia / Q000150:complications*; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D012189:Retrospective Studies
keywords: cerebral palsy; diabetes mellitus; gestational hypoxic encephalopathy; macrosomia