title: Influence and interactions of multi-factors on the bioavailability of PAHs in compost amended contaminated soils.
abstract: Compost amendment to contaminated soils is a potential approach for waste recycling and soil remediation. The relative importance and interactions of multiple factors on PAH bioavailability in soils were investigated using conjoint analysis and five-way analysis of variance. Results indicated that soil type and contact time were the two most significant factors influencing the PAH bioavailability in amended soils. The other two factors (compost type and ratio of compost addition) were less important but their interactions with other factors were significant. Specifically the 4-factor interactions showed that compost addition stimulated the degradation of high molecular PAHs at the initial stage (3 month) by enhancing the competitive sorption within PAH groups. Such findings suggest that a realistic decision-making towards hydrocarbon bioavailability assessment should consider interactions among various factors. Further to this, this study demonstrated that compost amendment can enhance the removal of recalcitrant hydrocarbons such as PAHs in contaminated soils.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Division of Ocean Science and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
authors.forename: Guozhong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; National Engineering Research Centre for Distillation Technology, Tianjin 300072, China.
authors.forename: Xingang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK.
authors.forename: Cédric
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kechavarzi
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK.
authors.forename: Ruben
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sakrabani
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; National Engineering Research Centre for Distillation Technology, Tianjin 300072, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sui
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK; Centre for Research in Environmental, Coastal and Hydrological Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Surveying and Construction, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard College Campus, Durban 4041, South Africa. Electronic address: f.coulon@cranfield.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Coulon
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D001682:Biological Availability; D005308:Fertilizers; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D005308:Fertilizers; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants
keywords: Bioavailability; Compost; Conjoint analysis; Interactions; PAH