title: Effect of industrial residue combinations on availability of elements.
abstract: Industrial residues, such as fly ashes and biosolids, contain elements (e.g., N, P, K, S, Ca and Zn) that make them a viable alternative for synthetic fertilizers in forestry and agriculture. However, the use of these materials is often limited due to the presence of potentially toxic substances. It is therefore necessary to assess and, when warranted, modify the chemical and physical form of these and similar waste materials before any advantages are taken of their beneficial properties. Biofuel fly ash, municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash, biosolids, peat, peat residues and gypsum board waste were combined in various proportions, and this resulted in increased leaching of N, P, S, Cu and Mn, but decreased leaching of Ca, K, Mg, Cr, Fe, Ni, Zn, Al, As and Pb. Chemical fractionation revealed that elements Ca, K, Mg, S and Mn were predominantly exchangeable, while the rest of the elements were less mobile. Cadmium was mostly exchangeable in MSWI fly ash, but less mobile in biofuel fly ash mixtures. Recycling of MSWI fly ash in the mixtures with fertilizers is considerably less attractive, due to the high levels of salts and exchangeable Cd.
authors.affiliation: Waste Science & Technology, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden. Electronic address: evelina.brannvall@ltu.se.
authors.forename: Evelina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brännvall
authors.affiliation: Waste Science & Technology, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Carles Belmonte
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Zamora
authors.affiliation: Waste Science & Technology, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden; Tekedo AB, Spinnarvägen 10, 611 37 Nyköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sjöblom
authors.affiliation: Waste Science & Technology, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Jurate
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kumpiene
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D005308:Fertilizers / Q000032:analysis; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D005308:Fertilizers; D014131:Trace Elements
keywords: Biosolids; Element availability; Fly ash; Industrial residue combinations; Sequential element extraction