title: Systemic glucose variability predicts cerebral metabolic distress and mortality after subarachnoid hemorrhage: a retrospective observational study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cerebral glucose metabolism and energy production are affected by serum glucose levels. Systemic glucose variability has been shown to be associated with poor outcome in critically ill patients. The objective of this study was to assess whether glucose variability is associated with cerebral metabolic distress and outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 28 consecutive comatose patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage, who underwent cerebral microdialysis and intracranial pressure monitoring, were studied. Metabolic distress was defined as lactate/pyruvate ratio (LPR) >40. The relationship between daily glucose variability, the development of cerebral metabolic distress and hospital outcome was analyzed using a multivariable general linear model with a logistic link function for dichotomized outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Daily serum glucose variability was expressed as the standard deviation (SD) of all serum glucose measurements. General linear models were used to relate this predictor variable to cerebral metabolic distress and mortality at hospital discharge. A total of 3,139 neuromonitoring hours and 181 days were analyzed. After adjustment for Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores and brain glucose, SD was independently associated with higher risk of cerebral metabolic distress (adjusted odds ratio = 1.5 (1.1 to 2.1), P = 0.02). Increased variability was also independently associated with in hospital mortality after adjusting for age, Hunt Hess, daily GCS and symptomatic vasospasm (P = 0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased systemic glucose variability is associated with cerebral metabolic distress and increased hospital mortality. Therapeutic approaches that reduce glucose variability may impact on brain metabolism and outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kurtz
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Claassen
authors.forename: Raimund
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Helbok
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fernandez
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Presciutti
authors.forename: R Morgan
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Stuart
authors.forename: E Sander
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Connolly
authors.forename: Kiwon
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Neeraj
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Badjatia
authors.forename: Stephan A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Mayer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017551:Microdialysis / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose