title: Spatial distribution of Madeira Island Laurisilva endemic spiders (Arachnida: Araneae).
abstract: Madeira island presents a unique spider diversity with a high number of endemic species, many of which are still poorly known. A recent biodiversity survey on the terrestrial arthropods of the native forest, Laurisilva, provided a large set of standardized samples from various patches throughout the island. Out of the fifty two species recorded, approximately 33.3% are Madeiran endemics, many of which had not been collected since their original description. Two new species to science are reported - Ceratinopsis n. sp. and Theridion n. sp. - and the first records of Poecilonetavariegata (Blackwall, 1841) and Tetragnathaintermedia Kulczynski, 1891 are reported for the first time for Madeira island. Considerations on species richness and abundance from different Laurisilva locations are presented, together with distribution maps for endemic species. These results contribute to a better understanding of spider diversity patterns and endemic species distribution in the native forest of Madeira island.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Biologia Ambiental/PEERS Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Ed. C2, 2º Piso, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: Luís C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Crespo
authors.affiliation: Centro de Biologia Ambiental/PEERS Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Ed. C2, 2º Piso, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: Mário
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boieiro
authors.affiliation: Finnish Museum of Natural History, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.affiliation: Centro de Biologia Ambiental/PEERS Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Ed. C2, 2º Piso, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: Carlos A S
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Aguiar
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Biodiversidade dos Açores, (CITA-A)/PEERS Departamento de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade dos Açores, Pico da Urze, Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal.
authors.forename: Isabel R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Amorim
authors.affiliation: Centro de Biologia Ambiental/PEERS Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Ed. C2, 2º Piso, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Barrinha
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Biodiversidade dos Açores, (CITA-A)/PEERS Departamento de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade dos Açores, Pico da Urze, Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal.
authors.forename: Paulo A V
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Borges
authors.affiliation: Parque Natural da Madeira, Qta. do Bom Sucesso, Caminho do Meio, Funchal, Portugal.
authors.forename: Dília
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Menezes
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Biodiversidade dos Açores, (CITA-A)/PEERS Departamento de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade dos Açores, Pico da Urze, Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Biodiversidade dos Açores, (CITA-A)/PEERS Departamento de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade dos Açores, Pico da Urze, Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal.
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rego
authors.affiliation: Lab. Evolutionary Ecology of Canopy Insects, Department of Biodiversity, Evolution and Environment, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sérvio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Centro de Biologia Ambiental/PEERS Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Ed. C2, 2º Piso, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: Israel F
authors.initials: IF
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Centro de Biologia Ambiental/PEERS Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Ed. C2, 2º Piso, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: Artur R M
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Serrano
keywords: Macaronesia; biodiversity hotspot; island endemics; laurel forest; terrestrial arthropods