title: Maternal obesity and late effects on offspring metabolism.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the late effects of maternal obesity induced by lesion of the ventromedial hypothalamus on offspring metabolism.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty days after the bilateral lesion of the ventromedial hypothalamus, female rats were mated and divided into 2 groups of pregnant animals: Control (C) - false lesion (sham) and Obese (OB) - lesion. Three months after that, with the groups of mothers, offspring were divided into control and obese animals that received a normocaloric diet (C-N and OB-N), and control and obese animals that received a hypercaloric diet (C-H and OB-H). At 120 days of age, the animals were euthanized and their carcasses, feces and food were submitted to calorimetric analysis to determine energy balance and body composition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the growth period, offspring from obese mothers showed higher values of body weight and food intake than controls. Obese animals showed higher body weight gain and gross food efficiency than control animals in adulthood. The hypercaloric diet led to increased metabolizable energy intake, percentage of absorbed energy and energy expenditure in both groups. Body composition was only affected by the association of hypercaloric diet and maternal obesity that led to increased body fat.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Maternal obesity has led to the development of later overweight in offspring, suggesting fetal programming. According to the trend presented, it is believed that the prolonged intake of hypercaloric diets in adult animals may, as an additional effect, induce worsening of the overweight induced by maternal obesity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniele Sá
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Vido
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mariana Bocca
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Nejm
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Neila Ribeiro
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sylvia Maria Affonso
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sérgio Luiz
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Cravo
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Luz
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000009:adverse effects; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000502:physiology; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D007774:Lactation / Q000378:metabolism; D023421:Models, Animal; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications*; D050177:Overweight / Q000209:etiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014697:Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus / Q000293:injuries; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates