title: Clinical relevance of breast cancer-related genes as potential biomarkers for oral squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity (OSCC) is a common cancer form with relatively low 5-year survival rates, due partially to late detection and lack of complementary molecular markers as targets for treatment. Molecular profiling of head and neck cancer has revealed biological similarities with basal-like breast and lung carcinoma. Recently, we showed that 16 genes were consistently altered in invasive breast tumors displaying varying degrees of aggressiveness.
  
  
  METHODS
  To extend our findings from breast cancer to another cancer type with similar characteristics, we performed an integrative analysis of transcriptomic and proteomic data to evaluate the prognostic significance of the 16 putative breast cancer-related biomarkers in OSCC using independent microarray datasets and immunohistochemistry. Predictive models for disease-specific (DSS) and/or overall survival (OS) were calculated for each marker using Cox proportional hazards models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that CBX2, SCUBE2, and STK32B protein expression were associated with important clinicopathological features for OSCC (peritumoral inflammatory infiltration, metastatic spread to the cervical lymph nodes, and tumor size). Consequently, SCUBE2 and STK32B are involved in the hedgehog signaling pathway which plays a pivotal role in metastasis and angiogenesis in cancer. In addition, CNTNAP2 and S100A8 protein expression were correlated with DSS and OS, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Taken together, these candidates and the hedgehog signaling pathway may be putative targets for drug development and clinical management of OSCC patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. toshima.parris@oncology.gu.se.
authors.forename: Toshima Z
authors.initials: TZ
authors.lastname: Parris
authors.forename: Luaay
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Aziz
authors.forename: Anikó
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kovács
authors.forename: Shahin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hajizadeh
authors.forename: Szilárd
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nemes
authors.forename: May
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Semaan
authors.forename: Chang Yan
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Karlsson
authors.forename: Khalil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Helou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010641:Phenotype; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D047368:Tumor Burden; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor