title: The molecular evidence of neural plasticity induced by cerebellar repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in the rat brain: a preliminary report.
abstract: Cerebellar repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been applied to treat several pathological conditions with insufficient evidence of molecular mechanism. Neural plasticity is proposed as one of mechanism. This study aimed to (1) confirm the feasibility of focal stimulation over cerebellar cortex and (2) investigate cerebellar rTMS effects on molecular changes associated with neural plasticity in the rat. For feasibility, six male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent (18)F-FDG positron emission tomography (PET) to confirm focal stimulation on the cerebellar cortex after rTMS. For molecular evidence, thirty rats underwent a single (N=15) or 10 sessions (N=15) of rTMS with low-, high-frequency, or sham stimulation. In cerebellar cortex, reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were performed on mRNA and proteins associated with neural plasticity: metabotrophic glutamate receptor 1 (GluR1), 2-amino-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionatic acid (AMPA) receptor (GluR2) and protein kinase C (PKC). As a result, (18)F-FDG-PET showed an increase of glucose metabolism in the cerebellar cortex. The transcription of mGluR1 decreased following a single session of high-frequency rTMS. Synthesis of mGluR, PKC and GluR2 was reduced after rTMS, especially high frequency stimulation. It is suggested that rTMS could focus on the cerebellar cortex in the rat and induce neural plasticity associated with long-term depression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Kangdong Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seung Ah
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Byung-Mo
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Jeong
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 173-82 Gumi-Ro Bundang-Gu, Seongnam 463-707, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: njpaik@snu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Nam-Jong
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Paik
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002525:Cerebellar Cortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018091:Receptors, AMPA / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018079:Receptors, GABA / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018094:Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016708:Synaptophysin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D018091:Receptors, AMPA; D018079:Receptors, GABA; D018094:Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; D016708:Synaptophysin; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C104077:metabotropic glutamate receptor type 1; C467498:vascular endothelial growth factor A, rat; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D005947:Glucose; C104722:glutamate receptor ionotropic, AMPA 2
keywords: Cerebellum; Neural plasticity; Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation; Synapse