title: Sex differences and eating disorder risk among psychiatric conditions, compulsive behaviors and substance use in a screened Canadian national sample.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined sex differences and eating disorder risk among psychiatric conditions, compulsive behaviors (i.e., gambling, suicide thoughts and attempts) and substance use in a nationally representative sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from participants of the Canadian Community Health Survey Cycle 1.2 who completed the Eating Attitudes Test (n=5116) were analyzed. Sex differences were compared among psychiatric comorbidities according to eating disorder risk, binging, vomiting and dieting behavior. Poisson regression analysis provided prevalence ratios (PRs) of disordered eating adjusting for age, marital status, income, body mass index and recent distress.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pronounced sex differences were associated with eating disorder risk (PRs 4.89-11.04; all P values <.0001). Findings of particular interest included significantly higher PRs for eating disorder risk in males associated with gambling (PR 5.07, P<.0001) and for females associated with steroid and inhalant use as well as suicide thoughts and attempts (PRs 5.40-5.48, all P values <.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings from this detailed exploration of sex differences and eating disorder risk among psychiatric conditions, compulsive behaviors and substance use suggest that problem gambling, the use of inhalants and steroids and suicidal ideation in relationship to eating disorder risk warrant further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Intersections of Mental Health Perspectives in Addictions Research Training (IMPART) Program, British Columbia Centre of Excellence for Women's Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Health Science Program, Department of Biology, Kwantlen Polytechnic University, Surrey, BC, Canada. Electronic address: karen.davison@kpu.ca.
authors.forename: Karen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Davison
authors.affiliation: Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Gillian L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Marshall-Fabien
authors.affiliation: British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Lovedeep
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gondara
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D007174:Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001068:Feeding and Eating Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005715:Gambling / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012737:Sex Factors; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013405:Suicide / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Eating disorder; Psychiatric conditions; Sex differences; Substance use