title: Nutritional status, growth and disease management in children with single and dual diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus and coeliac disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The consequences of subclinical coeliac disease (CD) in Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) remain unclear. We looked at growth, anthropometry and disease management in children with dual diagnosis (T1DM + CD) before and after CD diagnosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anthropometry, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and IgA tissue transglutaminase (tTg) were collected prior to, and following CD diagnosis in 23 children with T1DM + CD. This group was matched for demographics, T1DM duration, age at CD diagnosis and at T1DM onset with 23 CD and 44 T1DM controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No differences in growth or anthropometry were found between children with T1DM + CD and controls at any time point. Children with T1DM + CD, had higher BMI z-score two years prior to, than at CD diagnosis (p < 0.001). BMI z-score change one year prior to CD diagnosis was lower in the T1DM + CD than the T1DM group (p = 0.009). At two years, height velocity and change in BMI z-scores were similar in all groups. No differences were observed in HbA1c between the T1DM + CD and T1DM groups before or after CD diagnosis. More children with T1DM + CD had raised tTg levels one year after CD diagnosis than CD controls (CDx to CDx + 1 yr; T1DM + CD: 100% to 71%, p = 0.180 and CD: 100% to 45%, p < 0.001); by two years there was no difference.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No major nutrition or growth deficits were observed in children with T1DM + CD. CD diagnosis does not impact on T1DM glycaemic control. CD specific serology was comparable to children with single CD, but those with dual diagnosis may need more time to adjust to gluten free diet.
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mackinder
authors.forename: Gavin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Allison
authors.forename: Vaios
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Svolos
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Buchanan
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: Tracey
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cardigan
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Laird
authors.forename: Hazel
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Duncan
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fraser
authors.forename: Christine A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Craigie
authors.forename: Paraic
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: McGrogan
authors.affiliation: Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, University of Glasgow, G3 8SJ Glasgow, UK. Konstantinos.Gerasimidis@glasgow.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gerasimidis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000886:Anthropometry; D001827:Body Height; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055050:Diet, Gluten-Free; D019468:Disease Management; D005260:Female; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006130:Growth Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D009752:Nutritional Status; D000091345:Protein Glutamine gamma Glutamyltransferase 2; D011503:Transglutaminases / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D000091345:Protein Glutamine gamma Glutamyltransferase 2; D011503:Transglutaminases; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human