title: Genetic architecture of lipid traits changes over time and differs by race: Princeton Lipid Follow-up Study.
abstract: Dyslipidemia is a major risk factor for CVD. Previous studies on lipid heritability have largely focused on white populations assessed after the obesity epidemic. Given secular trends and racial differences in lipid levels, this study explored whether lipid heritability is consistent across time and between races. African American and white nuclear families had fasting lipids measured in the 1970s and 22-30 years later. Heritability was estimated, and bivariate analyses between visits were conducted by race using variance components analysis. A total of 1,454 individuals (age 14.1/40.6 for offspring/parents at baseline; 39.6/66.5 at follow-up) in 373 families (286 white, 87 African American) were included. Lipid trait heritabilities were typically stronger during the 1970s than the 2000s. At baseline, additive genetic variation for LDL was significantly lower in African Americans than whites (P = 0.015). Shared genetic contribution to lipid variability over time was significant in both whites (all P < 0.0001) and African Americans (P ≤ 0.05 for total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol). African American families demonstrated shared environmental contributions to lipid variation over time (all P ≤ 0.05). Lower heritability, lower LDL genetic variance, and durable environmental effects across the obesity epidemic in African American families suggest race-specific approaches are needed to clarify the genetic etiology of lipids.
authors.affiliation: Divisions of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.
authors.forename: Jessica G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.affiliation: The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.affiliation: Hematology/Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.
authors.forename: Davis M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Stroop
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Aronson Friedman
authors.affiliation: Divisions of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.
authors.forename: Lisa J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000235:genetics*; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D002648:Child; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019655:Quantitative Trait, Heritable; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL
keywords: epidemiology; family study; genetics; high density lipoprotein; longitudinal; low density lipoprotein; triglycerides