title: Study of medication-free children with Tourette syndrome do not show imaging abnormalities.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Imaging studies of patients with Tourette's syndrome (TS) across different cohorts have shown alterations in gray and white matter in areas associated with the cortico-striato-thalamic-cortical (CSTC) pathways; however, no consistent findings have subsequently established a clear indication of the pathophysiology of TS.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was designed to investigate changes in gray and white matter in medication-free children with TS in the CSTC areas. With MRI, 24 children with TS and 18 healthy controls were analyzed using three complementary methods.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Analyses revealed no differences between controls and patients with TS in gray or white matter. Possible discrepancies between cohorts and methods may play a role in the different findings in other studies. Further studies investigating well-defined cohorts with TS analyzing both gray and white matter in the same cohort may add additional information to the pathophysiology of TS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark; Functional Imaging Unit, Diagnostic Department, Glostrup University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark.
authors.forename: Signe Søndergaard
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Jeppesen
authors.forename: Nanette Mol
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Debes
authors.forename: Helle Juhl
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Simonsen
authors.forename: Egill
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rostrup
authors.forename: H B W
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Larsson
authors.forename: Liselotte
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Skov
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D003337:Corpus Callosum / Q000473:pathology; D056324:Diffusion Tensor Imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D005879:Tourette Syndrome / Q000473:pathology*
keywords: Tourette's syndrome; comorbidity; diffusion tensor imaging; magnetic resonance imaging; medication free