title: Treatment of osteochondroma in the mandibular condyle and secondary dentofacial deformities using surgery combined with orthodontics in adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Osteochondroma is a benign tumor that is rare in the craniofacial region. When it does occur, the condyle and coronoid process have been the most commonly affected sites. The secondary progressive malocclusion and facial asymmetry will be common physical signs in most cases. The traditional surgical treatment of osteochondroma of the mandibular condyle has been condylectomy, with or without reconstruction of the condyle. We believe more attention should be paid to restoring joint function, improving the facial appearance, correcting malocclusion, and re-establishing harmony among them.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 2000 to March 2013, 27 patients (17 women and 10 men) who had been diagnosed with osteochondroma of a unilateral mandibular condyle underwent condylectomy and condylar reconstruction using a pedicled posterior mandibular border obtained by ramus osteotomy. The secondary dentofacial deformities were simultaneously corrected using orthognathic and facial contouring procedures, followed by orthodontic treatment, when necessary. Occlusion and temporomandibular joint pain and function, including the maximal mouth opening and maximal protrusion, were recorded preoperatively and postoperatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patients were followed for an average of 13 months (range 24 to 48). The outcomes of, and feedback information from the patients showed apparent improved joint function, with no cases of osteochondroma recurrence. The secondary dentofacial deformities were corrected significantly. Satisfactory occlusion was achieved with orthognathic and orthodontic treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that condylectomy and condylar reconstruction, with simultaneous correction of the secondary dentofacial deformities using orthognathic procedures, might be a better approach to manage osteochondroma accompanied by dentofacial deformities. In addition to facial contouring procedures, orthodontic treatment should be considered for better improvement in facial esthetics and occlusion.
authors.affiliation: Resident, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Professor and Chair, Center of Orthognathic and TMJ Surgery, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Center of Orthognathic and TMJ Surgery, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: En
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Center of Orthognathic and TMJ Surgery, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Songsong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Professor, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Center of Orthognathic and TMJ Surgery, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. Electronic address: leejimwa6698@sohu.com.
authors.forename: Jihua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D001860:Bone Plates; D063169:Dentofacial Deformities / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008335:Mandibular Condyle / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D009970:Orthodontics; D015831:Osteochondroma / Q000601:surgery*; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic