title: Determination of inner implant's volumes: a pilot study for microleakage quantification by stereomicroscopy and spectrophotometry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Microleakage quantification of fluids and microorganisms through the connections of different implant parts seems to be sparse. Moreover, no data exist regarding the determination of the volumes of inner parts of dental implant systems. This study aims to determine the volumes of inner parts of three dental implant systems with the same interface and to evaluate the microleakage phenomenon.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three implant system sets (Euro-teknika(®), Astra Tech(®) and Implantium(®)) were used in this study. Implants were inoculated with safranin, brain heart infusion and distilled water. After inoculation and assembly of the different parts, different inner volumes (V1, V2, V3, V4, V5 and V6) were measured and, the surfaces of the micro gaps were observed through a stereomicroscope. Implants containing safranin were immersed in vials containing distilled water. Samples then were taken to determine optical density using a spectrophotometer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Regardless the used substance, volumes of the 3-implant systems are different. Although volumes V1, V 2, V 3 and V5 appeared to be constant within the same system regardless the used substance, volumes V4 and V6 were not.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The determination of the volumes and the evaluation of leaked substance using stereomicroscopic and spectrophotometric methods showed the accuracy of these methods and the importance of their use in the study of microleakage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Leakage is an important factor for chronic inflammatory infiltration and marginal bone resorption. Studies have shown fluid and bacterial leakage into abutment- implant (A-I) assemblies of certain implants with 'closely locked' abutments and the creation of a constant bacterial reservoir in the empty space found between the implant and the abutment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berberi
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tehini
authors.affiliation: Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Research Platform for Environmental Science (PRASE), Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tabaja
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kobaissi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences I, Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Research Platform for Environmental Science (PRASE), Lebanese University Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hamze
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rifai
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences I, Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Research Platform for Environmental Science (PRASE), Lebanese University Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ezzedine
authors.affiliation: Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Research Platform for Environmental Science (PRASE), Lebanese University, Beirut Lebanon.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Badran
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences I, Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Research Platform for Environmental Science (PRASE), Lebanese University Beirut, Lebanon, Phone: +96170924383, Fax: +9614533060, e-mail: alichokr@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chokr
mesh_terms: D004396:Coloring Agents; D003470:Culture Media; D059605:Dental Implant-Abutment Design; D015921:Dental Implants; D003763:Dental Leakage / Q000145:classification*; D018772:Dental Marginal Adaptation; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008853:Microscopy / Q000379:methods; D010619:Phenazines; D010865:Pilot Projects; D013053:Spectrophotometry / Q000379:methods; D019415:Torque; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D003470:Culture Media; D015921:Dental Implants; D010619:Phenazines; D014867:Water; C009195:safranine T