title: How users of indwelling urinary catheters talk about sex and sexuality: a qualitative study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  An indwelling urinary catheter can solve the problem of incontinence and may be life-saving in individuals with retention, but it can cause problems such as infection and may have a negative impact on body image, sex, and sexuality.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To explore the individual's perceptions of how a long-term urinary catheter can affect body image, sex, and sexuality; and to help GPs to discuss the subject in consultations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Qualitative study of a diverse sample of individuals living with a long-term urinary catheter. Interviews took place all over the UK, usually in the individuals' homes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Narrative interviews were audiorecorded, transcribed, and analysed thematically, using the constant comparative method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Some individuals said that sex was not an important part of their lives because of old age, illness, or the catheter. Others talked about how their catheter and their disability affected their sexual self-esteem, feelings of masculinity or femininity, and how the catheter caused pain, discomfort, or unexpected symptoms during sex. Many noted the lack of information on the subject and also said that health professionals were reluctant to talk about sex. For a minority a catheter was not a major problem in relation to sex.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Some individuals using a urinary catheter would benefit from information on how to have a sexual relationship with a catheter in place and a chance to discuss the subject with their doctors. GPs need to be aware that sex may matter to a person with a catheter and how illness, disability, and a catheter may affect sexuality.
authors.affiliation: Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford.
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chapple
authors.affiliation: Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford.
authors.forename: Suman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Prinjha
authors.affiliation: Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford.
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Salisbury
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001828:Body Image / Q000523:psychology*; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling; D005260:Female; D058006:General Practice / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D036301:Qualitative Research; D011788:Quality of Life; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012649:Self Concept; D012737:Sex Factors; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D019529:Sexuality; D006113:United Kingdom; D014546:Urinary Catheterization / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000523:psychology*; D062885:Urinary Catheters; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: body image; catheters; general practice; primary health care; sex; sexuality