title: Caesarean scar choriocarcinoma: a case report and review of the literature.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the clinical characteristics, pathologic findings and treatments of a patient with a Caesarean scar choriocarcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 22-year-old woman had a diagnosis of primary gestational choriocarcinoma in a uterine Caesarean scar misdiagnosed as a normal Caesarean scar pregnancy. The patient underwent selective uterine artery embolization coupled with methotrexate arterial injection, along with dilatation and curettage of the uterine Caesarean scar. Finally, she received eight courses of multiagent chemotherapy. The reproductive function of the patient was preserved.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Primary gestational choriocarcinoma out of the uterine corpus is a rare disease. A Caesarean scar choriocarcinoma is an extremely unusual example of this entity because of its unique position. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of this phenomenon. Our experience and a literature review suggest that a clinical diagnosis of a primary gestational choriocarcinoma of the uterine Caesarean scar is difficult to make, and uterine artery embolization is beneficial to prevent massive bleeding before curettage.
authors.forename: Zhi-Da
authors.initials: ZD
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310006, People's Republic of China. fbzhuxiaoming@163.com.
authors.forename: Xiao-Ming
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002585:Cesarean Section; D002822:Choriocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011247:Pregnancy; D055357:Uterine Artery Embolization; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D008727:Methotrexate