title: Cancer risks among patients with type 2 diabetes: a 10-year follow-up study of a nationwide population-based cohort in Taiwan.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aims to determine cancer risks among patients with type 2 diabetes through a follow-up study on a nationwide population-based cohort that included Taiwanese diabetic patients and general population in Taiwan as well as to estimate the population attributable fraction (PAF) of site-specific cancer risks that can be attributed to type 2 diabetes in Taiwanese population by using standardized incidence ratios (SIRs, 95% CI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects with type 2 diabetes consisted of 472,979 patients aged ≥ 20 years, whereas general population consisted of 9,411,249 individuals of the same age limit but are not diabetic. Subjects were identified from 1997 to 1998 and followed up until December 31, 2007 or until the first manifestation of any cancer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cancer sites with increased risks in men, which were consistent with the main and sensitivity analyses, included pancreas (SIR=1.62; 95% CI=1.53 to 1.72), liver (1.61; 1.57 to 1.64), kidney (1.32; 1.25 to 1.40), oral (1.16, 1.12 to 1.21), and colorectal (1.19, 1.15 to 1.22). Cancer sites with increased risks in women included liver (1.55; 1.51 to 1.60), pancreas (1.44; 1.34 to 1.55), kidney (1.38; 1.30 to 1.46), endometrium (1.36; 1.26 to 1.47), bladder (1.19; 1.11 to 1.27), colorectal (1.16; 1.13 to 1.20), and breast (1.14; 1.09 to 1.18). Overall, PAFs were highest for liver cancer in men (4.0%) and women (3.7%), followed by pancreas (3.4%) and kidney (1.6%) cancers in men, and then for endometrium (1.8%) and kidney (1.8%) cancers in women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggested that increased cancer risks are associated with type 2 diabetes.
authors.forename: Cheng-Chieh
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Jen-Huai
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.forename: Chia-Ing
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Chiu-Shong
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Wen-Yuan
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Teng-Fu
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Biostatistics, College of Management, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40421, Taiwan. tcli@mail.cmu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Tsai-Chung
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000196:embryology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology