title: In-situ determination of metallic variation and multi-association in single particles by combining synchrotron microprobe, sequential chemical extraction and multivariate statistical analysis.
abstract: Due to the heterogeneity of metal distribution, it is challenging to identify the speciation, source and fate of metals in solid samples at micro scales. To overcome these challenges single particles of air pollution control residues were detected in situ by synchrotron microprobe after each step of chemical extraction and analyzed by multivariate statistical analysis. Results showed that Pb, Cu and Zn co-existed as acid soluble fractions during chemical extraction, regardless of their individual distribution as chlorides or oxides in the raw particles. Besides the forms of Fe2O3, MnO2 and FeCr2O4, Fe, Mn, Cr and Ni were closely associated with each other, mainly as reducible fractions. In addition, the two groups of metals had interrelations with the Si-containing insoluble matrix. The binding could not be directly detected by micro-X-ray diffraction (μ-XRD) and XRD, suggesting their partial existence as amorphous forms or in the solid solution. The combined method on single particles can effectively determine metallic multi-associations and various extraction behaviors that could not be identified by XRD, μ-XRD or X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The results are useful for further source identification and migration tracing of heavy metals.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
authors.forename: Yu-Min
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China. Electronic address: zhanghua_tj@tongji.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
authors.forename: Shi-Suo
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
authors.forename: Si-Jia
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Research and Training Center on Rural Waste Management, Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of P.R. China, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
authors.forename: Li-Ming
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Research and Training Center on Rural Waste Management, Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of P.R. China, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China. Electronic address: solidwaste@tongji.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Pin-Jing
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: He
mesh_terms: D008670:Metals / Q000737:chemistry*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D017356:Synchrotrons
chemical_list: D008670:Metals
keywords: Air pollution control residue; Metallic correlation; Multivariate statistical analysis; Sequential chemical extraction; Synchrotron microprobe