title: Bacterial infection after liver transplantation.
abstract: Infectious complications are major causes of morbidity and mortality after liver transplantation, despite recent advances in the transplant field. Bacteria, fungi, viruses and parasites can cause infection before and after transplantation. Among them, bacterial infections are predominant during the first two months post-transplantation and affect patient and graft survival. They might cause surgical site infections, including deep intra-abdominal infections, bacteremia, pneumonia, catheter-related infections and urinary tract infections. The risk factors for bacterial infections differ between the periods after transplant, and between centers. Recently, the emergence of multi-drug resistant bacteria is great concern in liver transplant (LT) patients. The instructive data about effects of infections with extended-spectrum beta lactamase producing bacteria, carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria, and glycopeptide-resistant gram-positive bacteria were reported on a center-by-center basis. To prevent post-transplant bacterial infections, proper strategies need to be established based upon center-specific data and evidence from well-controlled studies. This article reviewed the recent epidemiological data, risk factors for each type of infections and important clinical issues in bacterial infection after LT.
authors.affiliation: Sang Il Kim, Division of Infectious Disease, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Il
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000150:complications; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000150:complications*; D003092:Colitis / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology; D003140:Communicable Disease Control; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D015994:Incidence; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery*; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents
keywords: Bacterial infection; Intraabdominal infections; Liver transplantation; Resistant bacteria