title: Hombre Seguro (Safe Men): a sexual risk reduction intervention for male clients of female sex workers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Male clients of female sex workers (FSWs) are at risk of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). We conducted a two-arm randomized controlled trial to test the efficacy of a sexual risk reduction intervention for male clients of FSWs in Tijuana, Mexico.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male clients of FSWs who were at least 18, were HIV-negative at baseline, and reported recent unprotected sex with FSWs were randomized to the Hombre Seguro sexual risk reduction intervention, or a time-attention didactic control condition. Each condition lasted approximately one hour. Participants underwent interviewer-administered surveys and testing for HIV and other STIs at baseline, and at 4, 8, and 12 month follow-ups. Combined HIV/STI incidence and unprotected vaginal and anal sex acts with FSWs were the primary outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A total of 400 participants were randomized to one of the two conditions. Analyses indicated that randomization was successful; there were no significant differences between the participants in the two conditions at baseline. Average follow-up was 84% across both conditions. This is the first study to test the efficacy of a sexual risk reduction intervention for male clients of FSWs using the rigor of a randomized controlled trial.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  NCT01280838, Date of registration: January 19, 2011.
authors.forename: Eileen V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Pitpitan
authors.forename: Claudia V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Chavarin
authors.forename: Shirley J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Semple
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Magis-Rodriguez
authors.forename: Steffanie A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Strathdee
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, USA. tpatterson@ucsd.edu.
authors.forename: Thomas L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Patterson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001521:Behavior Therapy; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico; D008875:Middle Aged; D062405:Motivational Interviewing; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D021841:Safe Sex; D011477:Sex Work; D060386:Sex Workers; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases; D047568:Unsafe Sex; D055815:Young Adult