title: Epicardial fat tissue thickness is correlated with diminished levels of co-enzyme Q10, a major antioxidant molecule among hemodialysis patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Accelerated atherosclerosis is the major cause of mortality in patients on chronic maintenance hemodialysis (HD). Epicardial fat tissue (EFT) is a new risk factor in cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the relation between plasma coenzyme Q10 levels (Co-Q10) which is a potent physiologic antioxidant and EFT thickness in HD patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy one chronic HD patients and 65 age and sex matched healthy individuals were included in the study. Plasma Co-Q10 levels were performed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) measurements. EFT was measured by transthoracic echocardiograpy (TTE) performed with a VIVID 7 instrument.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma Co-Q10 levels (1.36±0.43 vs 2.53±0.55, p<0.001) were significantly lower in HD patients compared to controls. EFT was significantly increased in HD patients compared to healthy controls (6.53±1.01 vs. 5.79±1.06 mm respectively, p<0.001). Correlation analysis showed that plasma Co-Q10 levels were inversely correlated with EFT (r=-0.263, p<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis was used to define independent determinants of EFT in HD patients. According to linear regression analysis, age, BMI, total cholesterol and Co-Q10 levels were found to be independent predictors of EFT (adjusted r(2)=0.38, p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated that EFT thickness was significantly higher among HD patients compared to healthy controls. In addition; this study was the first to demonstrate an inverse correlation between EFT thickness and Co-Q10 levels in this patient population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Uskudar State Hospital, 34000 Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: beyzamacunlu@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Beyza
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Macunluoglu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Fatih Sultan Mehmet State Hospital, 34000 Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: mdatakan@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Aydin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Atakan
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Van Yuksek Ihtisas Hospital, 65200 Van, Turkey. Electronic address: elifari@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Elif
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ari
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Van Yuksek Ihtisas Hospital, 65200 Van, Turkey. Electronic address: dryuksel_kaya@yahoo.com.tr.
authors.forename: Yüksel
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kaya
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Yeditepe University, 34000 İstanbul, Turkey.. Electronic address: ecaltunok@yeditepe.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Cigdem
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kaspar
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Yuzuncu Yil University, 65000 Van, Turkey. Electronic address: halitdemir2005@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Halit
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Demir
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Yuzuncu Yil University, 65000 Van, Turkey. Electronic address: drhakanalp@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Hamit Hakan
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Alp
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010496:Pericardium / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000379:methods; D012307:Risk Factors; D014451:Ubiquinone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D014451:Ubiquinone; C024989:coenzyme Q10
keywords: Cardiovascular disease; Coenzyme-Q10; Epicardial fat tissue; Hemodialysis