title: The role of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis.
abstract: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common chronic disease of human joints. The basis of pathologic changes involves all the tissues forming the joint; already, at an early stage, it has the nature of inflammation with varying degrees of severity. An analysis of the complex relationships indicates that the processes taking place inside the joint are not merely a set that (seemingly) only includes catabolic effects. Apart from them, anti-inflammatory anabolic processes also occur continually. These phenomena are driven by various mediators, of which the key role is attributed to the interactions within the cytokine network. The most important group controlling the disease seems to be inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1 β , TNF α , IL-6, IL-15, IL-17, and IL-18. The second group with antagonistic effect is formed by cytokines known as anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13. The role of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of OA with respect to inter- and intracellular signaling pathways is still under investigation. This paper summarizes the current state of knowledge. The cytokine network in OA is put in the context of cells involved in this degenerative joint disease. The possibilities for further implementation of new therapeutic strategies in OA are also pointed.
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Experimental Pathology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Pawińskiego 3c, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-3309-996X
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wojdasiewicz
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Experimental Pathology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Pawińskiego 3c, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Łukasz A
authors.initials: ŁA
authors.lastname: Poniatowski
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Experimental Pathology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Pawińskiego 3c, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Dariusz
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0124-060X
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Szukiewicz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000737:chemistry; D007249:Inflammation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019409:Interleukin-15 / Q000378:metabolism; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000378:metabolism; D020382:Interleukin-18 / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D007592:Joint Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology; D051379:Mice; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D019409:Interleukin-15; D020381:Interleukin-17; D020382:Interleukin-18; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D015847:Interleukin-4