title: Computer-assisted electrochemical fabrication of a highly selective and sensitive amperometric nitrite sensor based on surface decoration of electrochemically reduced graphene oxide nanosheets with CoNi bimetallic alloy nanoparticles.
abstract: For the first time, a novel, robust and very attractive statistical experimental design (ED) using minimum-run equireplicated resolution IV factorial design (Min-Run Res IV FD) coupled with face centered central composite design (FCCCD) and Derringer's desirability function (DF) was developed to fabricate a highly selective and sensitive amperometric nitrite sensor based on electrodeposition of CoNi bimetallic alloy nanoparticles (NPs) on electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ERGO) nanosheets. The modifications were characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopic (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The CoNi bimetallic alloy NPs were characterized using digital image processing (DIP) for particle counting (density estimation) and average diameter measurement. Under the identified optimal conditions, the novel sensor detects nitrite in concentration ranges of 0.1-30.0 μM and 30.0-330.0 μM with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.05 μM. This sensor selectively detects nitrite even in the presence of high concentration of common ions and biological interferents therefore, we found that the sensor is highly selective. The sensor also demonstrated an excellent operational stability and good antifouling properties. The proposed sensor was used to the determination of nitrite in several foodstuff and water samples.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah 671496734, Iran. Electronic address: mbgholivand2013@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mohammad-Bagher
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Gholivand
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah 671496734, Iran; Laboratorio de Desarrollo Analítico y Quimiometría (LADAQ), Cátedra de Química Analítica I, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, CC 242 (S3000ZAA), Santa Fe, Argentina.
authors.forename: Ali R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Jalalvand
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Desarrollo Analítico y Quimiometría (LADAQ), Cátedra de Química Analítica I, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, CC 242 (S3000ZAA), Santa Fe, Argentina.
authors.forename: Hector C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Goicoechea
mesh_terms: D000497:Alloys / Q000737:chemistry*; D003035:Cobalt / Q000737:chemistry; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques; D005504:Food Analysis; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry*; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*; D009532:Nickel / Q000737:chemistry; D009573:Nitrites / Q000032:analysis*; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry; D012984:Software; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D009573:Nitrites; D010087:Oxides; D014867:Water; D003035:Cobalt; D006108:Graphite; D009532:Nickel
keywords: Electrochemical fabrication; Experimental design; Nitrite sensor; Simultaneous optimization