title: Electrospun ultrafine fibrous wheat glutenin scaffolds with three-dimensionally random organization and water stability for soft tissue engineering.
abstract: Wheat glutenin, the highly crosslinked protein from wheat, was electrospun into scaffolds with ultrafine fibers oriented randomly and evenly in three dimensions to simulate native extracellular matrices of soft tissues. The scaffolds were intrinsically water-stable without using any external crosslinkers and could support proliferation and differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells for soft tissue engineering. Regeneration of soft tissue favored water-stable fibrous protein scaffolds with three-dimensional arrangement and large volumes, which could be difficult to obtain via electrospinning. Wheat glutenin is an intrinsically water-stable protein due to the 2% cysteine in its amino acid composition. In this research, the disulfide crosslinks in wheat glutenin were cleaved while the backbones were preserved. The treated wheat glutenin was dissolved in aqueous solvent with an anionic surfactant and then electrospun into bulky scaffolds composed of ultrafine fibers oriented randomly in three dimensions. The scaffolds could maintain their fibrous structures after incubated in PBS for up to 35 days. In vitro study indicated that the three-dimensional wheat glutenin scaffolds well supported uniform distribution and adipogenic differentiation of adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Textiles, Merchandising and Fashion Design, 234, HECO Building, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0802, United States.
authors.forename: Helan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
authors.forename: Shaobo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Systems Engineering, 234, HECO Building, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0802, United States.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sellers
authors.affiliation: Department of Textiles, Merchandising and Fashion Design, 234, HECO Building, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0802, United States; Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; Department of Biological Systems Engineering, 234, HECO Building, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0802, United States; Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, 234, HECO Building, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0802, United States. Electronic address: yyang2@unl.edu.
authors.forename: Yiqi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000737:chemistry; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D005983:Glutens / Q000737:chemistry*; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000737:chemistry*; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D014867:Water; D005983:Glutens; C037302:glutenin
keywords: 3D electrospinning; Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells; Intrinsic water stability; Protein scaffolds; Soft tissue engineering; Ultrafine fibers