title: Clinical features and resolution of food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome: 10-year experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is a non-IgE-mediated food allergy. FPIES diagnosis is frequently delayed because of the absence of classic allergic symptoms and lack of biomarkers.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We sought to characterize the clinical features and resolution of FPIES in patients evaluated in our practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects 6 months to 45 years of age with FPIES were prospectively recruited for oral food challenges (OFCs). Medical records were searched to identify the subjects who did not participate in OFCs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 160 subjects, 54% were male; median age at diagnosis was 15 months. We performed 180 OFCs to 15 foods in 82 subjects; 30% of the study population had FPIES confirmed based on OFC results. The most common foods were cow's milk (44%), soy (41%), rice (22.5%), and oat (16%). The majority (65%) reacted to 1 food, 26% reacted to 2 foods, and 9% reacted to 3 or more foods. The majority were atopic, and 39% had IgE sensitization to another food. Thirty-nine (24%) subjects had positive specific IgE levels to the food inducing FPIES. Among children with specific IgE to cow's milk, 41% changed from a milk FPIES to an IgE-mediated phenotype over time. The median age when tolerance was established was 4.7 years for rice, 4 years for oat, and 6.7 years for soy. Median age when milk tolerance was established for subjects with undetectable milk-specific IgE levels was 5.1 years, whereas none of the subjects with detectable milk-specific IgE became tolerant to milk during the study (P = .003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FPIES typically resolves by age 5 years. Milk FPIES, especially with detectable food-specific IgE, can have a protracted course and eventually transition to acute reactions.
authors.affiliation: Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Kravis Children's Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Division of Pediatric Allergy, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Jean Christoph
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Caubet
authors.affiliation: Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Kravis Children's Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Pediatrics & Child Health, Children's Hospital, Westmead, Australia.
authors.forename: Lara Simone
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Ford
authors.affiliation: Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Kravis Children's Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pa.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sickles
authors.affiliation: Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Kravis Children's Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Division of Allergy and Immunology & Center for Immunology and Microbial Diseases, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY.
authors.forename: Kirsi M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Järvinen
authors.affiliation: Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Kravis Children's Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Scott H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Sicherer
authors.affiliation: Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Kravis Children's Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Hugh A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Sampson
authors.affiliation: Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Kravis Children's Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY. Electronic address: anna.nowak-wegrzyn@mssm.edu.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nowak-Węgrzyn
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004760:Enterocolitis / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005512:Food Hypersensitivity / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood*; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D030262:Soybean Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D013577:Syndrome; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D008894:Milk Proteins; D030262:Soybean Proteins; D007073:Immunoglobulin E
keywords: Food protein–induced enterocolitis syndrome; allergic enterocolitis; food allergy; food protein–induced enterocolitis; milk allergy; natural history; oat allergy; rice allergy; soy allergy