title: A cluster randomized controlled trial to reduce childhood diarrhea using hollow fiber water filter and/or hygiene-sanitation educational interventions.
abstract: Safe domestic potable water supplies are urgently needed to reduce childhood diarrheal disease. In periurban neighborhoods in Cochabamba, Bolivia, we conducted a cluster randomized controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of a household-level hollow fiber filter and/or behavior change communication (BCC) on water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) to reduce the diarrheal disease in children less than 5 years of age. In total, 952 households were followed for a period of 12 weeks post-distribution of the study interventions. Households using Sawyer PointONE filters had significantly less diarrheal disease compared with the control arm during the intervention period, which was shown by diarrheal prevalence ratios of 0.21 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 0.15-0.30) for the filter arm and 0.27 (95% CI = 0.22-0.34) for the filter and WASH BCC arm. A non-significant reduction in diarrhea prevalence was reported in the WASH BCC study arm households (0.71, 95% CI = 0.59-0.86).
authors.forename: Erik D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Lindquist
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: George
authors.forename: Jamie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Perin
authors.forename: Karen J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Neiswender de Calani
authors.forename: W Ray
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Norman
authors.forename: Thomas P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Perry
mesh_terms: D001838:Bolivia / Q000453:epidemiology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000382:microbiology; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D005374:Filtration; D006801:Humans; D006920:Hygiene / Q000193:education*; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012499:Sanitation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D014881:Water Supply / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D060766:Drinking Water