title: Characterization of the intrinsic activity for a novel class of cannabinoid receptor ligands: Indole quinuclidine analogs.
abstract: Our laboratory recently reported that a group of novel indole quinuclidine analogs bind with nanomolar affinity to cannabinoid type-1 and type-2 receptors. This study characterized the intrinsic activity of these compounds by determining whether they exhibit agonist, antagonist, or inverse agonist activity at cannabinoid type-1 and/or type-2 receptors. Cannabinoid receptors activate Gi/Go-proteins that then proceed to inhibit activity of the downstream intracellular effector adenylyl cyclase. Therefore, intrinsic activity was quantified by measuring the ability of compounds to modulate levels of intracellular cAMP in intact cells. Concerning cannabinoid type-1 receptors endogenously expressed in Neuro2A cells, a single analog exhibited agonist activity, while eight acted as neutral antagonists and two possessed inverse agonist activity. For cannabinoid type-2 receptors stably expressed in CHO cells, all but two analogs acted as agonists; these two exceptions exhibited inverse agonist activity. Confirming specificity at cannabinoid type-1 receptors, modulation of adenylyl cyclase activity by all proposed agonists and inverse agonists was blocked by co-incubation with the neutral cannabinoid type-1 antagonist O-2050. All proposed cannabinoid type-1 receptor antagonists attenuated adenylyl cyclase modulation by cannabinoid agonist CP-55,940. Specificity at cannabinoid type-2 receptors was confirmed by failure of all compounds to modulate adenylyl cyclase activity in CHO cells devoid of cannabinoid type-2 receptors. Further characterization of select analogs demonstrated concentration-dependent modulation of adenylyl cyclase activity with potencies similar to their respective affinities for cannabinoid receptors. Therefore, indole quinuclidines are a novel structural class of compounds exhibiting high affinity and a range of intrinsic activity at cannabinoid type-1 and type-2 receptors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Street, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA. Electronic address: LNFranks@uams.edu.
authors.forename: Lirit N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Franks
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Street, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA. Electronic address: BMFord@uams.edu.
authors.forename: Benjamin M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Ford
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Street, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA. Electronic address: NRMadadi@uams.edu.
authors.forename: Nikhil R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Madadi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Street, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA. Electronic address: NRPenthala@uams.edu.
authors.forename: Narsimha R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Penthala
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Street, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA. Electronic address: PACrooks@uams.edu.
authors.forename: Peter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Crooks
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Street, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA. Electronic address: PratherPaulL@UAMS.edu.
authors.forename: Paul L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Prather
mesh_terms: D000067956:Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D054314:Drug Inverse Agonism; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000737:chemistry*; D008024:Ligands; D051379:Mice; D011812:Quinuclidines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 / Q000819:agonists / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D043885:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2 / Q000819:agonists / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000067956:Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors; D007211:Indoles; D008024:Ligands; D011812:Quinuclidines; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1; D043885:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases
keywords: CP-55,940 (PubChem CID: 104895); Cannabinoid type-1 receptor; Cannabinoid type-2 receptor; Drug development; Drug discovery; G-protein coupled receptor signaling; Morphine (PubChem CID: 5288826); O-2050 (PubChem CID: 16102146); WIN-55,212-2 (PubChem CID: 5311501); [(3)H]CP-55940 (PubChem CID: 5311056); cAMP