title: [Thyroid hormone and skeletal metabolism].
abstract: The role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis is important in normal skeletal development, gain of bone mass, and regulation of adult bone metabolism. Hypothyroidism in childhood causes delayed bone maturation and growth disturbance and thyroid dysfunction in adult induces altered bone remodeling and an increased risk of bone fracture. Thyroid hormone actions in skeletal cells are mainly mediated by thyroid hormone receptor α (TRα) . The responses to thyroid hormone are regulated by type 2 and 3 iodothyronine deiodinase (DIO2 and DIO3) , which convert prohormone (T4) to active hormone (T3) . Euthyroid status is necessary for the homeostasis of human bone metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Clinical Practice Center, Department of Pediatrics Shimane University Hospital, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazumichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Onigata
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015519:Bone Density; D001846:Bone Development / Q000502:physiology*; D001848:Bone Diseases, Developmental / Q000209:etiology; D016723:Bone Remodeling; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism*; D002648:Child; D004338:Drug Combinations; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007037:Hypothyroidism / Q000150:complications; D007453:Iodide Peroxidase / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D015398:Signal Transduction; D037021:Thyroid Hormone Receptors alpha / Q000502:physiology; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000502:physiology*; D013974:Thyroxine; D014284:Triiodothyronine; D000097564:Iodothyronine Deiodinase Type II
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D007453:Iodide Peroxidase; D037021:Thyroid Hormone Receptors alpha; D013963:Thyroid Hormones; D013974:Thyroxine; D014284:Triiodothyronine; D000097564:Iodothyronine Deiodinase Type II; C018539:thyroxine, triiodothyronine drug combination; C117274:iodothyronine deiodinase type III