title: Weaning-induced cardiac dysfunction: where are we today?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The concept of weaning-induced cardiac dysfunction emerged 26 years ago with the publication of a clinical study conducted by François Lemaire and collaborators.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  One objective of this article is to remember the results and the historical context under which our pivotal study was conducted. Another objective is to review some of the subsequent studies that aimed to analyze the underlying mechanisms, to noninvasively detect the cardiac origin of weaning failure, and to propose specific therapies enabling weaning success.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Weaning-induced cardiac dysfunction has become an established cause of weaning failure. Underlying mechanisms may differ from one patient to another. Important progress has already been made in its diagnosis thanks to relevant clinical research studies. Ongoing and future technological advances in ultrasonography and in biomarker research should certainly help in diagnosing weaning induced-pulmonary edema and in identifying the main mechanisms responsible for its development. Progress on appropriate therapeutic options on an individual basis is still expected.
authors.affiliation: Service de réanimation médicale, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Hôpitaux universitaires Paris-Sud, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 78, rue du Général Leclerc, 94 270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France, jean-louis.teboul@bct.aphp.fr.
authors.forename: Jean-Louis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Teboul
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005602:France; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000266:history / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D015300:Ventilator Weaning / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000266:history