title: Evaluation of gingival inflammation in patients using ovulation induction drugs before and after scaling.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine and correlate the effect of clomiphene citrate, Letrozole in women undergoing infertility treatment on the gingival inflammatory status.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present study is a randomized controlled clinical trial which consisted of 26 women using CC for three menstrual cycles, 26 women using CC for more than three cycles, 26 women using Letrozole. All subjects were clinically examined for plaque levels (Plaque Index), gingival inflammation, bleeding on probing (Gingival Index, Sulcus Bleeding Index). Scaling was done to all patients and all periodontal parameters were reassessed 1 month after scaling. The results were compared with a control group of 26 women matched for age, educational status and professional level, and oral habits and who had never used ovulation drugs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline scores of all the test groups showed higher amount of plaque levels and inflammation compared to control. (p < 0.05). After scaling a significant reduction in inflammation was observed in all the test groups along with the control group (p < 0.0001), but women using the drugs showed persistence of inflammation compared to control (p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It can be concluded from the present study that the presence of elevated levels of hormones due to the effect of ovulation induction drugs may be the reason for the gingival inflammation in test groups.
authors.affiliation: Professor and Head, Department of Periodontics, Army College of Dental Sciences, Secunderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vasudevan
authors.affiliation: Senior Lecturer, Department of Periodontics, Army College of Dental Sciences, Jai Jawahar Nagar (CRPF Road), Chennapur, Secunderabad 500087, Andhra Pradesh, India, Phone: +91-9949997247, e-mail: jvallirenuka@gmail.com.
authors.forename: J Valli
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Renuka
authors.affiliation: Senior Lecturer, Department of Periodontics, Army College of Dental Sciences, Secunderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: D Sharon
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Sylvia
authors.affiliation: Senior Lecturer, Department of Periodontics, Army College of Dental Sciences, Secunderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Radhika
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Challa
authors.affiliation: Senior Lecturer, Department of Periodontics, Adithya College of Dental Sciences, Beed, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Padmakanth
authors.affiliation: Reader, Department of Periodontics, Army College of Dental Sciences Secunderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Ajay
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reddy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D047072:Aromatase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002996:Clomiphene / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D012534:Dental Scaling / Q000379:methods*; D004522:Educational Status; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005300:Fertility Agents, Female / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000628:therapy; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D000077289:Letrozole; D009570:Nitriles / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009910:Oral Hygiene / Q000193:education; D010062:Ovulation Induction / Q000379:methods*; D010512:Periodontal Index; D012923:Social Class; D014099:Toothbrushing / Q000379:methods; D014230:Triazoles / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D047072:Aromatase Inhibitors; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists; D005300:Fertility Agents, Female; D009570:Nitriles; D014230:Triazoles; D002996:Clomiphene; D000077289:Letrozole