title: Discounting of money and sex: effects of commodity and temporal position in stimulant-dependent men and women.
abstract: Research on delay discounting has contributed to the understanding of numerous addiction-related phenomena. For example, studies have shown that substance dependent individuals discount their addictive substances (e.g., cocaine) more rapidly than they do other commodities (e.g., money). Recent research has shown that substance dependent individuals discount delayed sex more rapidly than delayed money, and their discounting rates for delayed sex were higher than those of non-addicted individuals. The particular reason that delay discounting rates for sex are higher than those for money, however, are unclear. Do individuals discount delayed sex rapidly because immediate sex is particularly appealing or because delayed sex does not retain its value? Moreover, do the same factors influence men and women's choices? The current study examined delay discounting in four conditions (money now versus money later; sex now versus sex later; money now, versus sex later; sex now versus money later) in cocaine dependent men and women. The procedures used isolated the role of the immediate versus delayed commodity. For men, the higher rates of delay discounting for sex were because delayed sex did not retain its value, whereas both the immediate and delayed commodity influenced the female participants' decisions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Behavioral Science, University of Kansas, United States. Electronic address: dpj@ku.edu.
authors.forename: David P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Jarmolowicz
authors.affiliation: College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, United States.
authors.forename: Reid D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Landes
authors.affiliation: Alberta Gambling Research Institute, University of Lethbridge, United States.
authors.forename: Darren R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Christensen
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Kent State University at Ashtabula, United States.
authors.forename: Bryan A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Translational Research Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, United States.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.affiliation: Center for Addictions, Personality and Emotion Research, University of Maryland, United States.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.affiliation: Addiction Recovery Research Center, Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, United States.
authors.forename: Warren K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Bickel
mesh_terms: D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D003657:Decision Making / Q000187:drug effects; D065786:Delay Discounting / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D014040:Token Economy
keywords: Cocaine; Delay discounting; Gender differences; Sex; Temporal position