title: Etiology of severe childhood pneumonia in the Gambia, West Africa, determined by conventional and molecular microbiological analyses of lung and pleural aspirate samples.
abstract: Molecular analyses of lung aspirates from Gambian children with severe pneumonia detected pathogens more frequently than did culture and showed a predominance of bacteria, principally Streptococcus pneumoniae, >75% being of serotypes covered by current pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. Multiple pathogens were detected frequently, notably Haemophilus influenzae (mostly nontypeable) together with S. pneumoniae.
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council Unit, Fajara, Republic of The Gambia.
authors.forename: Stephen R C
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Howie
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council Unit, Fajara, Republic of The Gambia.
authors.forename: Gerard A J
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.affiliation: Center for Infection and Immunity, Columbia University, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Rafal
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tokarz
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council Unit, Fajara, Republic of The Gambia.
authors.forename: Bernard E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Ebruke
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council Unit, Fajara, Republic of The Gambia.
authors.forename: Eunice M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Machuka
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council Unit, Fajara, Republic of The Gambia.
authors.forename: Readon C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Ideh
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council Unit, Fajara, Republic of The Gambia.
authors.forename: Osaretin
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Chimah
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council Unit, Fajara, Republic of The Gambia.
authors.forename: Ousman
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Secka
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council Unit, Fajara, Republic of The Gambia.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Townend
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council Unit, Fajara, Republic of The Gambia.
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dione
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council Unit, Fajara, Republic of The Gambia.
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Oluwalana
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Banjul, Republic of The Gambia.
authors.forename: Malick
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Njie
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Banjul, Republic of The Gambia.
authors.forename: Mariatou
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jallow
authors.affiliation: Centre for International Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Philip C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council Unit, Fajara, Republic of The Gambia.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Antonio
authors.affiliation: London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Greenwood
authors.affiliation: Center for Infection and Immunity, Columbia University, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Briese
authors.affiliation: London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mulholland
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council Unit, Fajara, Republic of The Gambia.
authors.forename: Tumani
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Corrah
authors.affiliation: Center for Infection and Immunity, Columbia University, New York, New York.
authors.forename: W Ian
authors.initials: WI
authors.lastname: Lipkin
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council Unit, Fajara, Republic of The Gambia GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Wavre, Belgium.
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Adegbola
mesh_terms: D000354:Africa, Western; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D002675:Child, Preschool; D060085:Coinfection; D005714:Gambia; D006192:Haemophilus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology; D006193:Haemophilus influenzae / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D007072:Immunoglobulin D / Q000235:genetics; D007223:Infant; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000235:genetics; D008168:Lung / Q000382:microbiology*; D058885:Multilocus Sequence Typing; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines; D018410:Pneumonia, Bacterial / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000382:microbiology*; D011018:Pneumonia, Pneumococcal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology; D011024:Pneumonia, Viral / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000821:virology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011859:Radiography; D065288:Serogroup; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014780:Viruses / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; C500439:CpsA protein, Streptococcus pneumoniae; D007072:Immunoglobulin D; D008074:Lipoproteins; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines; C067989:glpQ protein, Haemophilus influenzae
keywords: Gambia; children; etiology; lung aspirate; pneumonia