title: Angiopoietin-like 4 is involved in the poor angiogenic potential of high glucose-insulted bone marrow stem cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Diabetes is reported to reduce the function or number of progenitor cells. We compared the gene expression patterns of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells from diabetic (DM-BMCs) and healthy (non-DM-BMCs) rats and suggested Angiopoietin-like 4 (Angptl4) could be a responsible factor for impaired angiogenesis of DM-BMCs.
  
  
  METHODS
  BMCs were isolated from DM or non-DM rat, and in vitro angiogenesis activity was compared by tube formation assay on Matrigel and complementary deoxyribonucleic acid expression was analyzed by microarray with or without oxytocin treatment. Human BMCs (hBMCs) were treated with high glucose, and were performed polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Angptl4 plasmid DNA and micro ribonucleic acid-132 (miR-132) were transfected to immortalized hBMCs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In vitro angiogenesis assay showed the impaired tube formation in DM-BMCs, and slightly recovery by oxytocin treatment. Angptl4, an adipokine, was upregulated in DM-BMCs compared to non-DM-BMCs. Oxytocin treatment reduced Angptl4 in DM-BMCs. In hBMCs, overexpression of Angptl4 attenuated the tube formation. In addition to Angptl4, miR-132 was increased by high glucose treatment. Collectively, high glucose resulted in impaired tube formation through miR-132 induction and Angptl4 upregulation in BMCs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results show that the angiogenic activity of BMCs is impaired by high glucose stress, which would be mediated by Angptl4 and miR-132.
authors.affiliation: Research Laboratory of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea. ; Cardiovascular Convergence Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Yong Sook
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Research Laboratory of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea. ; Center for Molecular Medicine, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Hea Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Research Laboratory of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Moon Hwa
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Research Laboratory of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea. ; Center for Molecular Medicine, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Wan Seok
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Medical Research Center for Gene Regulation, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Nakwon
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Choe
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Medical Research Center for Gene Regulation, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kook
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Convergence Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea. ; Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Myung Ho
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Research Laboratory of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea. ; Cardiovascular Convergence Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea. ; Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Youngkeun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ahn
keywords: ANGPTL4 protein, rat; Diabetes mellitus; MicroRNAs; Stem cells