title: Evaluation of oxidative stress biomarkers in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to examine the changes in the levels of interleukine-1 beta (IL-1 β ), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF- α ), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in saliva and IL-1 β , TNF- α , and NO in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples of patients with fixed orthodontic appliances.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subject population consisted of 50 volunteers who were in need of orthodontic treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances. GCF and saliva samples were obtained from all individuals before treatment, at 1st month of treatment and at 6th month of treatment. Periodontal clinical parameters were measured. Samples were investigated to detect IL-1 β , TNF- α , and 8-OHdG levels using ELISA method and NO and MDA levels using spectrophotometric method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Since IL-1 β level detected in GCF at the 6th month of orthodontic treatment is statistically significant according to baseline (P < 0.05), all other biochemical parameters detected both in saliva and in GCF did not show any significant change at any measurement periods.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Orthodontic tooth movement and orthodontic materials used in orthodontic treatment do not lead to a change above the physiological limits that is suggestive of oxidative damage in both GCF and saliva.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sevil Sema
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Atuğ Özcan
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ismail
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ceylan
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Oral Health Center, Gülhane Military Hospital, 06020 Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Erkan
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2006-5982
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ozcan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemstry, Faculty of Medical, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: Nezahat
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kurt
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Osman Gazi University, 26140 Eskişehir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ilhan Metin
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Dağsuyu
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: Cenk Fatih
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Canakçi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances; D018704:Orthodontic Retainers; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism*; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D008315:Malondialdehyde