title: Measurement of cardiac output by use of noninvasively measured transient hemodilution curves with photoacoustic technology.
abstract: We present the theoretical basis and experimental verification for cardiac output measurements using noninvasively measured hemodilution curves afforded with an indicator dilution technique and the emerging photoacoustic technology. A photoacoustic system noninvasively tracks a transient hemodilution effect induced by a bolus of isotonic saline as an indicator. As a result, a photoacoustic indicator dilution curve is obtained, which allows to estimate cardiac output from the developed algorithm. The experiments with a porcine blood circulatory phantom system demonstrated the feasibility of this technology towards the development of a noninvasive cardiac output measurement system for patient monitoring.
authors.affiliation: Advanced Technology, Covidien-Respiratory and Monitoring Solution, 6135 Gunbarrel Ave, Boulder, CO 80301 USA ; HanBat National University, 125 DongSeoDaeRo, YuSeong-Gu, Daejeon, South Korea ; contributed equally.
authors.forename: Dongyel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Advanced Technology, Covidien-Respiratory and Monitoring Solution, 6135 Gunbarrel Ave, Boulder, CO 80301 USA ; contributed equally.
authors.forename: Qiaojian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Advanced Technology, Covidien-Respiratory and Monitoring Solution, 6135 Gunbarrel Ave, Boulder, CO 80301 USA.
authors.forename: Youzhi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
keywords: (170.0170) Medical optics and biotechnology; (170.3880) Medical and biological imaging; (170.3890) Medical optics instrumentation; (170.4580) Optical diagnostics for medicine; (170.5120) Photoacoustic imaging