title: Polysaccharides from dioscorea ( shān yào) and other phytochemicals enhance antitumor effects induced by DNA vaccine against melanoma.
abstract: Adjuvants can be used to enhance the immunogenicity of antigens and improve the efficacy of vaccines. Potent adjuvant action is known to often correlate with the activation of the transcription factor, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Specific plant polysaccharides and a variety of phytochemicals from foods and traditional medicinal herbs have been shown to modulate NF-κB activation. In the present study, selected plant polysaccharides and phytochemicals were evaluated for use as a DNA vaccine adjuvant in a murine melanoma model. We observed that a specific ethanol extract fraction (DsCE-I) from the tuber of a key Traditional Chinese Medicine plant, Dioscorea ( Shān Yào), enhanced the protection against melanoma after immunization with a gene-based vaccine. A number of anti-inflammatory phytochemicals tested were able to partially diminish the inflammation-associated tumorigenesis elicited by LPS. Among the several phytochemical combinations investigated, the use of an adjuvant containing LPS in combination with emodin resulted in smaller tumors and higher survival rate in test mice than the use of other adjuvant treatments and the control sets in this DNA cancer vaccine model. A Dioscorea polysaccharide fraction (DsCE-I) and several specific phytochemicals warrant further exploration as useful adjuvants for anticancer vaccines.
authors.affiliation: Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 128, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Wen-Chi
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 128, Taiwan, ROC. ; Department of Management of Food and Beverage, Mackay Medicine, Nursing and Management College, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Jeng-Hwan
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 128, Taiwan, ROC. ; Division of Plant Quarantine, National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Kandan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aravindaram
authors.affiliation: Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 128, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Shu-Jane
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 128, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Chih-Chien
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 128, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Chin-Jin
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 128, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Chih-Chun
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Jyh-Horng
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Sheu
authors.affiliation: Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 128, Taiwan, ROC. ; Department of Life Science, National Central University, Taoyuan County, Taiwan, ROC. ; Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Ning-Sun
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Yang
keywords: Adjuvants; Anticancer vaccine; Dioscorea; Phytochemicals