title: Use of an inverse dynamics method to compare the three-dimensional motion of the pelvic limb among clinically normal dogs and dogs with cranial cruciate ligament-deficient stifle joints following tibial plateau leveling osteotomy or lateral fabellar-tibial suture stabilization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the 3-D motion of the pelvic limb among clinically normal dogs and dogs with cranial cruciate ligament (CCL)-deficient stifle joints following tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) or lateral fabellar-tibial suture (LFS) stabilization by use of an inverse dynamics method.
  
  
  METHODS
  6 clinically normal dogs and 19 dogs with CCL-deficient stifle joints that had undergone TPLO (n = 13) or LFS (6) stabilization at a mean of 4 and 8 years, respectively, prior to evaluation.
  
  
  METHODS
  For all dogs, an inverse dynamics method was used to describe the motion of the pelvic limbs in the sagittal, frontal, and transverse planes. Motion and energy patterns for the hip, stifle, and tibiotarsal (hock) joints in all 3 planes were compared among the 3 groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with corresponding variables for clinically normal dogs, the hip joint was more extended at the beginning of the stance phase in the sagittal plane for dogs that had a TPLO performed and the maximum power across the stifle joint in the frontal plane was greater for dogs that had an LFS procedure performed. Otherwise, variables in all planes were similar among the 3 groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gait characteristics of the pelvic limb did not differ between dogs that underwent TPLO and dogs that underwent an LFS procedure for CCL repair and were similar to those of clinically normal dogs. Both TPLO and LFS successfully provided long-term stabilization of CCL-deficient stifle joints of dogs with minimal alterations in gait.
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996.
authors.forename: Jason F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Headrick
authors.forename: Songning
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ralph P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Millard
authors.forename: Barton W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Rohrbach
authors.forename: Joseph P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Weigel
authors.forename: Darryl L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Millis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000601:surgery; D004285:Dogs / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology*; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000502:physiology*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000662:veterinary; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000662:veterinary; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology*; D013264:Stifle / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013536:Suture Techniques / Q000662:veterinary; D013977:Tibia / Q000601:surgery