title: Effects of biochar and the geophagous earthworm Metaphire guillelmi on fate of (14)C-catechol in an agricultural soil.
abstract: Both biochar and earthworms can exert influence on behaviors of soil-borne monomeric phenols in soil; however, little was known about the combined effects of biochar and earthworm activities on fate of these chemicals in soil. Using (14)C-catechol as a representative, the mineralization, transformation and residue distribution of phenolic humus monomer in soil amended with different amounts of biochar (0%, 0.05%, 0.5%, and 5%) without/with the geophagous earthworm Metaphire guillelmi were investigated. The results showed biochar at amendment rate <0.5% did not affect (14)C-catechol mineralization, whereas 5% biochar amendment significantly inhibited the mineralization. Earthworms did not affect the mineralization of (14)C-catechol in soil amended with <0.5% biochar, but significantly enhanced the mineralization in 5% biochar amended soil when they were present in soil for 9 d. When earthworms were removed from the soil, the mineralization of (14)C-catechol was significantly lower than that of in earthworm-free soil indicating that (14)C-catecholic residues were stabilized during their passage through earthworm gut. The assimilation of (14)C by earthworms was low (1.2%), and was significantly enhanced by biochar amendment, which was attributed to the release of biochar-associated (14)C-catecholic residues during gut passage of earthworm.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Changshu Agro-ecological Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changshu 215555, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China.
authors.forename: Yongfeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China.
authors.forename: Jianqiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China.
authors.forename: Wenqiang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China; Institute for Climate and Global Change Research, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China.
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Changshu Agro-ecological Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changshu 215555, China. Electronic address: yanxy@issas.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Xiaoyuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yan
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D000818:Animals; D001711:Biotransformation / Q000187:drug effects; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D002396:Catechols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D002606:Charcoal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009835:Oligochaeta / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D002396:Catechols; D012987:Soil; C540010:biochar; D002606:Charcoal; C034221:catechol
keywords: Accumulation; Black carbon; Mineralization; Phenolic compounds; Transformation