title: Depressive symptoms are associated with fasting insulin resistance in obese youth.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In adults, depressive symptoms are positively associated with insulin resistance.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether an association exists between depressive symptoms and markers of insulin resistance in youth.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study used a retrospective review of data from an obesity clinic. We evaluated the association between depressive symptoms (Children's Depression Inventory, CDI) and fasting insulin and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in obese youth (n = 207, age 10-18 years). Individuals with lower vs. higher CDI T-scores (<65 vs. ≥65) were compared; this cut-point is accepted as indicating the possibility of clinical depression. Multiple linear regression was used to evaluate relationships between CDI T-scores and insulin resistance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fasting insulin and HOMA-IR values were 40% higher in patients with higher CDI T-scores (P = 0.04). After accounting for gender, race, age and body mass index, CDI T-score remained associated with HOMA-IR, although the strength of the association was small (b = 0.007, P = 0.049).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Relationships between depressive symptoms and insulin resistance should be considered when evaluating obese youth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Children's Health Services Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Section of Pediatric Endocrinology & Diabetology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Hannon
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Lagges
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gupta
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017677:Age Distribution; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D003863:Depression / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000523:psychology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose
keywords: Adolescent; depression; insulin sensitivity; overweight