title: Respirable nanocarriers as a promising strategy for antitubercular drug delivery.
abstract: Tuberculosis is considered a fatal respiratory infectious disease that represents a global threat, which must be faced. Despite the availability of oral conventional anti-tuberculosis therapy, the disease is characterized by high progression. The leading causes are poor patient compliance and failure to adhere to the drug regimen primarily due to systemic toxicity. In this context, inhalation therapy as a non-invasive route of administration is capable of increasing local drug concentrations in lung tissues, the primary infection side, by passive targeting as well as reducing the risk of systemic toxicity and hence improving the patient compliance. Nanotechnology represents a promising strategy in the development of inhaled drug delivery systems. Nanocarriers can improve the drug effectiveness and decrease the expected side effects as consequences of their ability to target the drug to the infected area as well as sustain its release in a prolonged manner. The current review summarizes the state-of-the-art in the development of inhaled nanotechnological carriers confined currently available anti-tuberculosis drugs (anti TB) for local and targeting drug delivery specifically, polymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanoliposomes and nanomicelles. Moreover, complexes and ion pairs are also reported. The impact and progress of nanotechnology on the therapeutic effectiveness and patient adherence to anti TB regimen are addressed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt. Electronic address: dr_mehanna@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Mohammed M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Mehanna
authors.affiliation: Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt.
authors.forename: Salma M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Mohyeldin
authors.affiliation: Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt.
authors.forename: Nazik A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Elgindy
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000818:Animals; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D006801:Humans; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents
keywords: Inhalation therapy; Liposomes; Nanoparticles; Rifampicin; Tuberculosis