title: Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Encephalitozoon cuniculi in rabbits from different farming systems.
abstract: The breeding of domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) for human consumption has a long tradition mainly in European and Asian countries. Infections that can affect the production of meat or even be transmitted from animals to humans are important to monitor, especially for public health reasons as well as for their impact on animals health. This study aimed to collect sera from rabbits bred in different conditions and test the presence of Toxoplasma gondii and Encephalitozoon cuniculi antibodies. Whether infections were active or latent was assessed by determining the occurrence of IgM or IgM together with IgG antibodies which indicated active infection whereas latent infection was characterized by finding IgG antibodies only. An ELISA test was performed with 1883 sera samples collected throughout the Czech and Slovak Republics. The seroprevalence of T. gondii in 902 samples from 6 commercial farms (CF) was very low with only 4 rabbits (0.4%) being positive. In total 99 (10.1%) individuals out of 981 samples from 29 household farms (HF) were positive for T. gondii antibodies. Only 2 (50%) of the T. gondii positive CF rabbits had active infections while the rest were latently infected. The serological results showed that 35 (35.4%) rabbits from the T. gondii positive HF group suffered from active infection. Out of CF samples 185 (20.5%) were positive for E. cuniculi. Antibodies of E. cuniculi were detected in 497 (50.7%) HF rabbits. Active E. cuniculi infections were determined in 85.9% of CF and 56.3% of HF rabbits; respectively. Interestingly, the E. cuniculi positive rabbits were significantly more often positive for anti-T. gondii antibodies in comparison to E. cuniculi negative individuals. Prevalence of T. gondii in CF rabbits was negligible. According to our results meat of HF rabbits still poses a risk of T. gondii infection. Nevertheless, the risk is on its lowest level in 20 years which is apparently caused due to changes in feeding practices. The occurrence of E. cuniculi antibodies was significantly lower in rabbits from commercial farms, apparently because of better hygiene conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackého 1-3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic. Electronic address: hneu.vfu@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Neumayerová
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackého 1-3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Juránková
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Edita
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jeklová
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Hana
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kudláčková
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Faldyna
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Kamil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kovařčík
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Genetics, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackého 1-3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jánová
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackého 1-3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackého 1-3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Břetislav
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Koudela
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000097:blood*; D018153:Czech Republic; D009670:Encephalitozoon cuniculi / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016890:Encephalitozoonosis / Q000662:veterinary*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000662:veterinary; D015995:Prevalence; D011634:Public Health; D011817:Rabbits / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology*; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D018154:Slovakia; D014122:Toxoplasma / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014124:Toxoplasmosis, Animal / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan
keywords: Encephalitozoon cuniculi; Farm; Rabbit; Seroprevalence; Toxoplasma gondii