title: Tolerance of, and metabolic effects of, preoperative oral carbohydrate administration in children - a preliminary report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The need for long preoperative fasting has been questioned. Recent data shows that intake of an oral carbohydrate-containing clear fluid prior to anaesthesia is safe and may have a positive impact on recovery and metabolic status and could improve glucose tolerance. Such solutions are routinely used in adults but not children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety, tolerance and influence of oral carbohydrate on selected metabolic parameters in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  With ethics committee approval and parental informed consent, 20 children, aged 4-17 years, ASA status I or II, scheduled for abdominal or thoracic surgery were randomised either to Group 1 - receiving a 12.6% carbohydrate-containing drink (10 mL kg(-1) the evening before surgery and two hours before anaesthesia), or the control Group 2 - fasting. Serum glucose and insulin concentration were measured four times: before and after anaesthesia, in the evening after surgery, and the following morning. IGF-1 concentration was measured once, before surgery. Insulin resistance was assessed by the HOMA-IR equation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Oral carbohydrate solution was well tolerated and no adverse events were noted. Glucose concentrations were within the normal range in both groups. Insulin concentration did not show significant differences between groups, however before surgery it tended to be lower in Group 1. Insulin resistance after surgery was significantly higher in Group 2 (2.0 vs. 0.62, P = 0.03), also the increase in insulin resistance after operation was significant only in the control group (P = 0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oral carbohydrates are safe, well tolerated and do not cause any perioperative adverse events. They seem to improve postoperative metabolism by decreasing insulin resistance.
authors.affiliation: agawecka0@poczta.onet.pl.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gawecka
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mierzewska-Schmidt
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D000758:Anesthesia / Q000379:methods*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002241:Carbohydrates; D007328:Insulin