title: Enhanced role of eddies in the Arctic marine biological pump.
abstract: The future conditions of Arctic sea ice and marine ecosystems are of interest not only to climate scientists, but also to economic and governmental bodies. However, the lack of widespread, year-long biogeochemical observations remains an obstacle to understanding the complicated variability of the Arctic marine biological pump. Here we show an early winter maximum of sinking biogenic flux in the western Arctic Ocean and illustrate the importance of shelf-break eddies to biological pumping from wide shelves to adjacent deep basins using a combination of year-long mooring observations and three-dimensional numerical modelling. The sinking flux trapped in the present study included considerable fresh organic material with soft tissues and was an order of magnitude larger than previous estimates. We predict that further reductions in sea ice will promote the entry of Pacific-origin biological species into the Arctic basin and accelerate biogeochemical cycles connecting the Arctic and subarctic oceans.
authors.affiliation: 1] Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 3173-25 Showa-machi, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0001, Japan [2].
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: 1] Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 3173-25 Showa-machi, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0001, Japan [2].
authors.forename: Jonaotaro
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Onodera
authors.affiliation: Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 3173-25 Showa-machi, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0001, Japan.
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.affiliation: Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 3173-25 Showa-machi, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0001, Japan.
authors.forename: Makio C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Honda
authors.affiliation: Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 3173-25 Showa-machi, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0001, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kimoto
authors.affiliation: Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 3173-25 Showa-machi, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0001, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
authors.affiliation: Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 3173-25 Showa-machi, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0001, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigeto
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nishino
authors.affiliation: 1] National Institute of Polar Research, Tachikawa 190-8518, Japan [2] Hokkaido University, Hakodate 041-8611, Japan.
authors.forename: Kohei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsuno
authors.affiliation: Hokkaido University, Hakodate 041-8611, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.affiliation: 1] Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 3173-25 Showa-machi, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0001, Japan [2] Tokoha University, Fuji 417-0801, Japan.
authors.forename: Akio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.affiliation: 1] Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 3173-25 Showa-machi, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0001, Japan [2] Hokkaido University, Hakodate 041-8611, Japan.
authors.forename: Michio J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kishi
mesh_terms: D001110:Arctic Regions; D017753:Ecosystem; D005843:Geography; D046448:Ice Cover; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D012621:Seasons; D012623:Seawater; D014872:Water Movements
chemical_list: D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins