title: Biodegradable nanoparticles for intracellular delivery of antimicrobial agents.
abstract: Biodegradable nanoparticles have emerged as a promising strategy for ferrying antimicrobial agents into specific cells due to their unique properties. This review discusses the current progress and challenges of biodegradable nanoparticles for intracellular antimicrobial delivery to understand design principles for the development of ideal nanocarriers. The intracellular delivery performances of biodegradable nanoparticles for diverse antimicrobial agents are first summarized. Second, the cellular internalization and intracellular trafficking, degradation and release kinetics of nanoparticles as well as their relation with intracellular delivery of encapsulated antimicrobial agents are provided. Third, the influences of nanoparticle properties on the cellular internalization and intracellular fate of nanoparticles and their payload antimicrobial agents are discussed. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of nanoparticles for intracellular delivery of antimicrobial agents are addressed. The review will be helpful to the scientists who are interested in searching for more efficient nanosystem strategies for intracellular delivery of antimicrobial agents.
authors.affiliation: National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
authors.forename: Shuyu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
authors.forename: Yanfei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.affiliation: MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
authors.forename: Yuanhu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.affiliation: National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
authors.forename: Guyue
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
authors.forename: Lingli
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
authors.forename: Dongmei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
authors.forename: Zhenli
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China. Electronic address: yuan5802@mail.hzau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zonghui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yuan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D001692:Biological Transport; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006801:Humans; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D004337:Drug Carriers
keywords: Antimicrobial agents; Biodegradable nanoparticles; Internalization; Intracellular delivery; Intracellular release; Intracellular trafficking