title: Fetal monitoring: creating a culture of safety with informed choice.
abstract: The dominant culture in labor and birth is the medical model, not the midwifery model of woman-centered care. Consensus among professional and governmental groups is that, based on the evidence, intermittent auscultation is safer to use in healthy women with uncomplicated pregnancies than electronic fetal monitoring (EFM). Barriers impact the laboring woman's ability to give informed choice regarding fetal monitoring. Lack of informed choice denies a woman her right to be in control of her birth experience, and is in opposition to a woman's right to autonomy and self-determination.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Heelan
keywords: autonomy; childbirth education; culture of safety; fetal monitoring; informed choice; maternity care; nursing