title: Fecal overflow often affects children with chronic constipation that appears after the age of 2 years.
abstract: Chronic functional constipation with or without encopresis is a common problem in the pediatric population, and the prevalence of encopresis may be underestimated. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors for overflow incontinence in patients with chronic constipation seen at a pediatric gastroenterology consultation. A retrospective study of 270 files of patients seen between 1997 and 2012 was conducted, and a classification according to Rome III criteria was done. Among 145 (53.7%) boys and 125 (46.2%) girls, 117 had overflow incontinence (43.3%) - 41 (35%) girls and 76 (65%) boys. The first symptoms of chronic constipation appeared at a median age of 30 and 33 months in encopretic and 16 and 12 months in nonencopretic girls and boys, respectively. The first specialized consultation took place after a median disease duration of 26.5 and 24 months in encopretic and 16 and 9 months in nonencopretic girls and boys, respectively. A history of stool retention and the presence of scybala at examination, but not of pain at defecation or anal fissure, were associated with encopresis. The onset of chronic constipation after the age of 2 years, a longer disease duration, male gender, and a history of stool retention were seen as risk factors for the development of encopresis in patients with chronic functional constipation.
authors.affiliation: Cantons Hospital of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland melissa_kammacher@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Mélissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kammacher Guerreiro
authors.affiliation: University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Aurore
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bettinville
authors.affiliation: Cantons Hospital of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Herzog
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003248:Constipation / Q000150:complications*; D004688:Encopresis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: chronic functional constipation; encopresis; pediatric