title: Urinary angiotensinogen and urinary sodium are associated with blood pressure in normoalbuminuric children with diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between blood pressure (BP) and urinary angiotensinogen excretion (uAGT) and renal sodium excretion (uNa) in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study group consisted of 52 children with DM1 (28 males and 24 females) with albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) below 30 mg/g and glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) above 90 ml/min/1.73 m(2). BP was assessed by 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patients showed significantly increased uAGT values with respect to controls (median 0.00 and range 1.76 vs. 0.00 and 0.00 ng/mg, respectively). The significant increase of uAGT was observed even in prehypertensive patients. uAGT concentrations showed positive correlation with systolic and diastolic 24-h BP and with mean arterial pressure (MAP) (r = 0.594). uNa values were negatively correlated with BP parameters, uAGT, ACR and eGFR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An increase in uAGT precedes hypertension (HTN) in normoalbuminuric children with DM1 and may be considered as a new marker of HTN. Decreased sodium excretion seems to be involved in the development of HTN and early renal injury. Both uAGT and uNa are associated with BP in normoalbuminuric diabetic children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Nephrology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 27/33 Szpitalna St., 60-572, Poznan, Poland, jsoltysiak1@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jolanta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Soltysiak
authors.forename: Bogda
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Skowronska
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fichna
authors.forename: Danuta
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ostalska-Nowicka
authors.forename: Witold
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Stankiewicz
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lewandowska-Stachowiak
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lipkowska
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zachwieja
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000808:Angiotensinogen / Q000652:urine*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D018660:Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; D002648:Child; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000652:urine*; D008297:Male; D012964:Sodium / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D000808:Angiotensinogen; D012964:Sodium