title: The posology of oseltamivir in infants with influenza infection using a population pharmacokinetic approach.
abstract: Infants are at increased risk for morbidity and mortality due to influenza. Until recently, few data were available with which to optimize oseltamivir dosing in this high-risk population. Here, data for 133 infants were pooled from two prospective pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic safety studies to develop a population pharmacokinetic model. A three-compartment model with allometric scaling of all clearance and volume parameters described the disposition of oseltamivir and its carboxylate metabolite (OC). Weight dependence, OC clearance, and volume of distribution increased linearly with age. Analyses showed no association between OC exposure and viral clearance, the development of resistance (phenotypic/genotypic), normalization of body temperature, or safety endpoints. Pharmacokinetic bridging showed that a 3 mg/kg dose yielded acceptable OC exposure and good tolerability while minimizing the risk of underexposure and resistance/treatment failure. These pharmacological analyses formed the basis of the US Food and Drug Administration's recent approval of oseltamivir treatment for infants with influenza aged as young as 2 weeks.
authors.affiliation: Roche TCRC, Inc., New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kamal
authors.affiliation: University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
authors.forename: E P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Acosta
authors.affiliation: University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Kimberlin
authors.affiliation: QuantPharm LLC, North Potomac, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gibiansky
authors.affiliation: University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jester
authors.affiliation: RxMD, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Niranjan
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Charité University Medical Center, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rath
authors.affiliation: Roche Products Ltd, Welwyn, UK.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Clinch
authors.affiliation: Section of Neonatology Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Sánchez
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah Health Services Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ampofo
authors.affiliation: University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Whitley
authors.affiliation: 1] d3 Medicine LLC, Parsippany, New Jersey, USA [2] Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Rayner
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000367:Age Factors; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001682:Biological Availability; D001711:Biotransformation; D001835:Body Weight; D002264:Carboxylic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D003198:Computer Simulation; D054796:Drug Dosage Calculations; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D053139:Oseltamivir / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D002264:Carboxylic Acids; D053139:Oseltamivir