title: Impact of lung cancer screening results on smoking cessation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lung cancer screening programs may provide opportunities to reduce smoking rates among participants. This study evaluates the impact of lung cancer screening results on smoking cessation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from Lung Screening Study participants in the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST; 2002-2009) were used to prepare multivariable longitudinal regression models predicting annual smoking cessation in those who were current smokers at study entry (n = 15489, excluding those developing lung cancer in follow-up). The associations of lung cancer screening results on smoking cessation over the trial period were analyzed. All hypothesis testing used two sided P values.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In adjusted analyses, smoking cessation was strongly associated with the amount of abnormality observed in the previous year's screening (P < .0001). Compared with those with a normal screen, individuals were less likely to be smokers if their previous year's screen had a major abnormality that was not suspicious for lung cancer (odds ratio [OR] = 0.811; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.722 to 0.912; P < .001), was suspicious for lung cancer but stable from previous screens (OR = 0.785; 95% CI = 0.706 to 0.872; P < .001), or was suspicious for lung cancer and was new or changed from the previous screen (OR = 0.663; 95% CI = 0.607 to 0.724; P < .001). Differences in smoking prevalence were present up to 5 years after the last screen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Smoking cessation is statistically significantly associated with screen-detected abnormality. Integration of effective smoking cessation programs within screening programs should lead to further reduction in smoking-related morbidity and mortality.
authors.affiliation: Affiliations of authors: Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada (MCT); Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD (CDB); Information Management Services, Rockville, MD (TLR, CRC); Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Control Program, Georgetown University, Washington, DC (KLT). martin.tammemagi@brocku.ca.
authors.forename: Martin C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Tammemägi
authors.affiliation: Affiliations of authors: Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada (MCT); Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD (CDB); Information Management Services, Rockville, MD (TLR, CRC); Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Control Program, Georgetown University, Washington, DC (KLT).
authors.forename: Christine D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.affiliation: Affiliations of authors: Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada (MCT); Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD (CDB); Information Management Services, Rockville, MD (TLR, CRC); Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Control Program, Georgetown University, Washington, DC (KLT).
authors.forename: Thomas L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Riley
authors.affiliation: Affiliations of authors: Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada (MCT); Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD (CDB); Information Management Services, Rockville, MD (TLR, CRC); Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Control Program, Georgetown University, Washington, DC (KLT).
authors.forename: Christopher R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Cunningham
authors.affiliation: Affiliations of authors: Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada (MCT); Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD (CDB); Information Management Services, Rockville, MD (TLR, CRC); Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Control Program, Georgetown University, Washington, DC (KLT).
authors.forename: Kathryn L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Taylor
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000208:ethnology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution