title: [Coupling and communication between bone cells].
abstract: Bone is constantly renewed by the balanced action of osteoblastic bone formation and osteoclastic bone resorption both of which mainly occur at the bone surface. This restructuring process called "bone remodeling" is important not only for normal bone mass and strength, but also for mineral homeostasis. Coupling has been understood as a balanced induction of osteoblastic bone formation in response to osteoclastic bone resorption. An imbalance of this coupling is often linked to various bone diseases. TGF-β and IGF released from bone matrix during osteoclastic bone resorption are the favored candidates as classical coupling factor. Recently, several reports suggest that osteoclast-derived molecules/cytokines (clastokine) mediate directional signaling between osteoblasts and osteoclasts into the bone microenvironment. Thus, the elucidation of the regulatory mechanisms involved in bone cell communication and coupling is critical for a deeper understanding of the skeletal system in health and disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakashima
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000502:physiology; D055418:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 6 / Q000502:physiology; D016723:Bone Remodeling / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*; D002450:Cell Communication / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D060833:Cellular Microenvironment / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D060492:Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-5 / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000502:physiology*; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000502:physiology*; D053244:Osteoprotegerin / Q000502:physiology; D043484:Proprotein Convertases / Q000502:physiology; D053245:RANK Ligand / Q000502:physiology; D040121:Semaphorin-3A / Q000502:physiology; D039961:Semaphorins / Q000502:physiology; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000502:physiology; D013002:Somatomedins / Q000502:physiology; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000502:physiology; D060449:Wnt Signaling Pathway / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; C525816:BMP6 protein, human; D055418:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 6; C093224:CD100 antigen; C555482:LRP5 protein, human; D060492:Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-5; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D053245:RANK Ligand; D040121:Semaphorin-3A; D039961:Semaphorins; D013002:Somatomedins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D043484:Proprotein Convertases; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; C115575:membrane-bound transcription factor peptidase, site 1