title: Vitamin D status is associated with bone mineral density and bone mineral content in preschool-aged children.
abstract: This study examined the associations between vitamin D status, bone mineral content (BMC), areal bone mineral density (aBMD), and markers of calcium homeostasis in preschool-aged children. Children (n=488; age range: 1.8-6.0 y) were randomly recruited from Montreal. The distal forearm was scanned using a peripheral dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scanner (Lunar PIXI; GE Healthcare, Fairfield, CT). A subset (n=81) had clinical dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (cDXA) scans (Hologic 4500A Discovery Series) of lumbar spine (LS) 1-4, whole body, and ultradistal forearm. All were assessed for plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and parathyroid hormone concentrations (Liaison; Diasorin), ionized calcium (ABL80 FLEX; Radiometer Medical A/S), and dietary vitamin D and calcium intakes by survey. Age (p<0.001) and weight-for-age Z-score (p<0.001) were positively associated with BMC and aBMD in all regression models, whereas male sex contributed positively to forearm BMC and aBMD. Having a 25(OH)D concentration of >75 nmol/L positively associated with forearm and whole body BMC and aBMD (p<0.036). Sun index related to (p<0.029) cDXA forearm and LS 1-4 BMC and whole-body aBMD. Nutrient intakes did not relate to BMC or aBMD. In conclusion, higher vitamin D status is linked to higher BMC and aBMD of forearm and whole body in preschool-aged children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Lethbridge, Lethrbidge, AB, Canada; Mary Emily Clinical Nutrition Research Unit, School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Tom J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Hazell
authors.affiliation: Mary Emily Clinical Nutrition Research Unit, School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Thu Trang
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Pham
authors.affiliation: Mary Emily Clinical Nutrition Research Unit, School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jean-Philippe
authors.affiliation: Mary Emily Clinical Nutrition Research Unit, School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Sarah L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Finch
authors.affiliation: Mary Emily Clinical Nutrition Research Unit, School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada; Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Notre Dame University, Zouk Mikael, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Jessy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: El Hayek
authors.affiliation: Mary Emily Clinical Nutrition Research Unit, School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Catherine A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Vanstone
authors.affiliation: Mary Emily Clinical Nutrition Research Unit, School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Sherry
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Agellon
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; The Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Celia J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Rodd
authors.affiliation: Mary Emily Clinical Nutrition Research Unit, School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada. Electronic address: hope.weiler@mcgill.ca.
authors.forename: Hope A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Weiler
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon / Q000379:methods; D000367:Age Factors; D001835:Body Weight; D015519:Bone Density; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D002170:Canada; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood; D012737:Sex Factors; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013472:Sunlight; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D; D002118:Calcium
keywords: Bone mineral content; bone mineral density; calcidiol; young children