title: Korean guidelines for the diagnosis and management of dry eye: development and validation of clinical efficacy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the clinical efficacy of newly developed guidelines for the diagnosis and management of dry eye.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective, multi-center, non-randomized, observational study included a total of 1,612 patients with dry eye disease who initially visited the clinics from March 2010 to August 2010. Korean guidelines for the diagnosis and management of dry eye were newly developed from concise, expert-consensus recommendations. Severity levels at initial and final visits were determined using the guidelines in patients with 90 ± 7 days of follow-up visits (n = 526). Groups with different clinical outcomes were compared with respect to clinical parameters, treatment modalities, and guideline compliance. Main outcome measures were ocular and visual symptoms, ocular surface disease index, global assessment by patient and physician, tear film break-up time, Schirmer-1 test score, ocular surface staining score at initial and final visits, clinical outcome after three months of treatment, and guideline compliance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Severity level was reduced in 47.37% of patients treated as recommended by the guidelines. Younger age (odd ratio [OR], 0.984; p = 0.044), higher severity level at initial visit, compliance to treatment recommendation (OR, 1.832; p = 0.047), and use of topical cyclosporine (OR, 1.838; p = 0.011) were significantly associated with improved clinical outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Korean guidelines for the diagnosis and management of dry eye can be used as a valid and effective tool for the treatment of dry eye disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea.
authors.forename: Joon Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Hyon
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyo-Myung
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Doh
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Sungkyunkwan University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Eui-Sang
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jong-Suk
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Sungkyunkwan University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Chul Young
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jungbok
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological / Q000592:standards*; D019468:Disease Management; D015352:Dry Eye Syndromes / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009017:Morbidity / Q000639:trends; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions
keywords: Dry eye syndrome; Practice guideline; Standards