title: Growth regulator requirement for in vitro embryogenic cultures of snowdrop (Galanthus nivalis L.) suitable for germplasm preservation.
abstract: In this study, we report on the production of bulb scale-derived tissue cultures capable of efficient shoot and plant regeneration in three genotypes of snowdrop (Galanthus nivalis L., Amaryllidaceae), a protected ornamental plant. For culture line A, high auxin and low cytokinin concentration is required for callus production and plant regeneration. The type of auxin is of key importance: α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) in combination with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) at concentrations of 2 mg L-1 or 2-10 mg L-1 NAA with 1 mg L-1 N6-benzyladenine (BA), a cytokinin on full-strength media are required for regeneration. Cultures showing regeneration were embryogenic. When lines B and C were induced and maintained with 2 mg L-1 NAA and 1 mg L-1 BA, they produced mature bulblets with shoots, without roots. Line A produced immature bulblets with shoots under the above culture condition. Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) analysis showed that (i) genetic differences between line A and its bulb explants were not significant, therefore these tissue cultures are suitable for germplasm preservation, and (ii) different morphogenetic responses of lines A, B and C originated from genetic differences. Culture line A is suitable for field-growing, cultivation and germplasm preservation of G. nivalis and for the production of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids.
authors.affiliation: University of Debrecen Department of Botany, Faculty of Science and Technology Egyetem tér 1 H-4032 Debrecen Hungary.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Resetár
authors.affiliation: University of Debrecen Department of Botany, Faculty of Science and Technology Egyetem tér 1 H-4032 Debrecen Hungary.
authors.forename: Zita
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Demeter
authors.affiliation: Semmelweis University Department of Pharmacognosy Üllői út 26 H-1085 Budapest Hungary.
authors.forename: Emese
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ficsor
authors.affiliation: Semmelweis University Department of Pharmacognosy Üllői út 26 H-1085 Budapest Hungary.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Balázs
authors.affiliation: University of Debrecen Department of Botany, Faculty of Science and Technology Egyetem tér 1 H-4032 Debrecen Hungary.
authors.forename: Agnes
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mosolygó
authors.affiliation: Semmelweis University Department of Pharmacognosy Üllői út 26 H-1085 Budapest Hungary.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Szőke
authors.affiliation: University of Debrecen Department of Botany, Faculty of Science and Technology Egyetem tér 1 H-4032 Debrecen Hungary.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gonda
authors.affiliation: University of Debrecen Botanical Garden Egyetem tér 1 H-4032 Debrecen Hungary.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Papp
authors.affiliation: University of Debrecen Department of Botany, Faculty of Science and Technology Egyetem tér 1 H-4032 Debrecen Hungary.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Surányi
authors.affiliation: University of Debrecen Department of Botany, Faculty of Science and Technology Egyetem tér 1 H-4032 Debrecen Hungary.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Máthé
mesh_terms: D001593:Benzyl Compounds; D027801:Galanthus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D005838:Genotype; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D007701:Kinetin / Q000494:pharmacology; D009280:Naphthaleneacetic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D010641:Phenotype; D063245:Plant Development / Q000187:drug effects; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D011687:Purines; D012038:Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects; D012639:Seeds / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D046509:Tissue Culture Techniques
chemical_list: D001593:Benzyl Compounds; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids; D009280:Naphthaleneacetic Acids; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D011687:Purines; C034182:1-naphthaleneacetic acid; C030737:indoleacetic acid; C480551:benzylaminopurine; D007701:Kinetin
keywords: Galanthus nivalis; bulb callus; germplasm preservation; plant regeneration; somatic embryogenesis