title: [Analysis of HIV genotypic drug resistance among pediatric HIV/AIDS cases with virological failure after free antiretroviral therapy in Yunnan province].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the prevalence and the characteristics of HIV-1 drug-resistance in pediatric HIV/AIDS cases with virological failure after free antiretroviral therapy in Yunnan Province.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data of clinical test and laboratory detection about free antiretroviral therapy in pediatric HIV/AIDS cases from 2005 to 2012 were collected. Then the detection of HIV genotypical drug resistance was performed for the plasmas samples whose viral load were over 1 000 copies/ml after the duration of antiretroviral therapy beyond 6 months. The prevalence and the characteristics of HIV-1 drug resistance were obtained for subsequent analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 73 cases suffered virological failure among 729 cases while 53 cases exhibited the resistance for antiretroviral drugs.So the resistance ratio was 72.6% (53/73) and the general resistance ratio 7.3% (53/729). The prevalent mutations associated with drug resistance were M184V/I, K103N, T215F/Y, G190A, Y181C and K101E at the frequencies of 52.1% (38/73), 30.1% (22/73), 21.9% (16/73), 20.5% (15/73), 15.1% (11/73) and 12.3% (9/73) respectively. The percentage of resistance to NVP, 3TC, EFV, D4T, AZT and ABC was 61.6% (45/73) , 54.8% (40/73) , 47.9% (35/73) , 13.7% (10/73) , 12.3% (9/73) and 5.5% (4/73) respectively. One case developed intermediate resistance to LPV/r.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The main causes of virological failure is drug resistance.So reducing the incidence and spread of HIV drug resistance is of vital importance in modern era of resource scarcity.
authors.affiliation: Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Infectious Disease, AIDS Care Center Laboratory, Kunming 650301, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Infectious Disease, AIDS Care Center Laboratory, Kunming 650301, China. Email: smy57@sina.com.
authors.forename: Shaomin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Infectious Disease, AIDS Care Center Laboratory, Kunming 650301, China.
authors.forename: Bihui
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Infectious Disease, AIDS Care Center Laboratory, Kunming 650301, China.
authors.forename: Jiafa
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Infectious Disease, AIDS Care Center Laboratory, Kunming 650301, China.
authors.forename: Jianjian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Infectious Disease, AIDS Care Center Laboratory, Kunming 650301, China.
authors.forename: Jincheng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lou
authors.affiliation: Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Infectious Disease, AIDS Care Center Laboratory, Kunming 650301, China.
authors.forename: Huiqin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000821:virology*; D000293:Adolescent; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017211:Treatment Failure; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents