title: Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition improves antioxidative defense during experimental hypercholesterolemia.
abstract: Scientific literature shows that inflammation and oxidative stress contribute in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The oxidative stress is the consequence of an imbalance between the free radical generation and elimination. One source of free oxygen radicals is cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and, therefore, inhibiting the activity of this enzyme is likely to reduce oxidative stress. In the present study an experimental rabbit model of hypercholesterolemia was developed and the effects of COX-2 inhibitors, nimesulide and celecoxib were observed on the activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and total antioxidant status (TAS). Rabbits were divided into four groups- control, saline, nimesulide and celecoxib, with all groups fed a high cholesterol diet, which only received saline. Low activities of SOD, GPx and TAS were measured in the hypercholesterolemic rabbits pretreated with saline. In the same group, a reciprocal relationship was observed between the LDL-cholesterol concentration and the plasma activities of GPx, SOD and TAS. Rabbits in nimesulide and celecoxib group showed significantly higher activities of SOD, GPx and TAS in hypercholesterolemic rabbits compared to saline group (p<0.05). Our study shows that selective and timely use of COX-2 inhibitors would be useful in preventing the onset and development of atherosclerosis by enhancing antioxidant defence system.
authors.affiliation: PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, University Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link Gadong BE 1410, Bander Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam. Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Indus Highway, Kohat-26000, Kohat, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Sagheer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, University Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link Gadong BE 1410, Bander Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam.
authors.forename: Saima
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gul
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University, Nowshera Mardan Road, Mardan- 23200, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Humera
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gul
authors.affiliation: The Patent Office, 2nd Floor, Kandawala Building, MA Jinnah Road, Karachi-74400, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zia-Ul-Haq
authors.affiliation: Agricultural Faculty, Ataturk University, Kumeevler 60. Blok 25240 Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sezai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ercisli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D000068579:Celecoxib; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011817:Rabbits; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D011720:Pyrazoles; D013449:Sulfonamides; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D000068579:Celecoxib; C012655:nimesulide