title: Increasing flow diversion for cerebral aneurysm treatment using a single flow diverter.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A neurovascular flow diverter (FD), aiming at inducing embolic occlusion of cerebral aneurysms through hemodynamic changes, can produce variable mesh densities owing to its flexible mesh structure.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To explore whether the hemodynamic outcome would differ by increasing FD local compaction across the aneurysm orifice.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated deployment of a single FD using 2 clinical strategies: no compaction (the standard method) and maximum compaction across the aneurysm orifice (an emerging strategy). Using an advanced modeling technique, we simulated these strategies applied to a patient-specific wide-necked aneurysm model, resulting in a relatively uniform mesh with no compaction (C1) and maximum compaction (C2) at the aneurysm orifice. Pre- and posttreatment aneurysmal hemodynamics were analyzed using pulsatile computational fluid dynamics. Flow-stasis parameters and blood shear stress were calculated to assess the potential for aneurysm embolic occlusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Flow streamlines, isovelocity, and wall shear stress distributions demonstrated enhanced aneurysmal flow reduction with C2. The average intra-aneurysmal flow velocity was 29% of pretreatment with C2 compared with 67% with C1. Aneurysmal flow turnover time was 237% and 134% of pretreatment for C2 and C1, respectively. Vortex core lines and oscillatory shear index distributions indicated that C2 decreased the aneurysmal flow complexity more than C1. Ultrahigh blood shear stress was observed near FD struts in inflow region for both C1 and C2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The emerging strategy of maximum FD compaction can double aneurysmal flow reduction, thereby accelerating aneurysm occlusion. Moreover, ultrahigh blood shear stress was observed through FD pores, which could potentially activate platelets as an additional aneurysmal thrombosis mechanism.
authors.affiliation: *Toshiba Stroke and Vascular Research Center, Departments of ‡Neurosurgery, §Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, ‖Biomedical Engineering, and ¶Radiology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York.
authors.forename: Jianping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.forename: Ding
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Kenneth V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Snyder
authors.forename: Elad I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: Adnan H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Siddiqui
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Meng
mesh_terms: D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D057446:Hydrodynamics; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000601:surgery*; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*