title: Lessons from the implementation of LLIN distribution campaign in Ilorin Kwara State, Nigeria.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies implemented to evaluate the success of Long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLIN) distribution campaigns are often limited to ownership and utilization rates, neglecting other factors that directly affect the efficacy of the tool in malaria control. This study investigates sleeping habits and net maintenance behaviour in addition to LLIN ownership, utilization and the challenges associated with LLIN use among residents in Ilorin City where the tool has been massively distributed.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional survey was conducted using pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire to obtain information from randomly selected household respondents in Ilorin, the Kwara State Capital. The study was conducted in July 2012, about sixteen months after the March 2011 distribution of LLIN in the locality. The results were analyzed using the EPI INFO 2007 version.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LLIN ownership (85%) and utilization (37%) rates improved compared to earlier reports, though 29% of net users have noticed holes in the nets even as 26% claimed to have actually experienced mosquito bites under it. Most (92%) of the respondents who slept under LLIN the previous night before the study spent the first five hours of the night (19.00-23.00 hr) outdoors while 88% also engage in inappropriate net washing practices. All the LLIN users claimed to have experienced at least one malaria episode while 43% have had two or more episodes within the past twelve months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of LLIN among the respondents in this study was accompanied by chancy sleeping habits, inappropriate net maintenance practices and repeated experience of mosquito bites under the nets. This shows the need to sustain the will and confidence of LLIN users in this area through frequent monitoring and surveillance visits targeted at enlightening the people on habits that increase malaria exposure risks as well as proper use and maintenance of LLIN for maximum malaria vector control benefits.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Kwara State University Malete, Ilorin, Nigeria. abiodunobembe@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Abiodun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Obembe
authors.forename: Okorie Okogbue
authors.initials: OO
authors.lastname: Anyaele
authors.forename: Adedayo Olatunbosun
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Oduola
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D007299:Insect Bites and Stings / Q000517:prevention & control*; D057148:Insecticide-Treated Bednets / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data* / Q000600:supply & distribution; D008288:Malaria / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D009032:Mosquito Control / Q000379:methods; D009549:Nigeria; D012890:Sleep; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult