title: Illness burden, care seeking, and treatment cost among less than 2-year-olds in rural Haryana.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate illness burden, treatment sources, and out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditures among <2-y-olds as mortality is higher in this age group.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective study was conducted in rural area of Haryana from January through June 2007. At baseline, 6828 children (<2-y-olds) were enrolled from 169 villages of Khizrabad block in Haryana. Thirty trained volunteers interviewed their mothers/caretakers at fortnightly interval to record symptoms and signs of illnesses occurring in past two weeks and the treatment sought. Five supervisors obtained data on Out-of-Pocket (OOP) expenditures from 20 % randomly selected households who had reported illness. The main outcome measures were illness burden, treatment sources and OOP expenditures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 8 % (4,893/60,910) of the <2-y-olds suffered from illness during 12 fortnightly surveys. Incidence was estimated to be 2.1 episodes per child per year. Acute respiratory infections (ARI) and diarrhea were the leading illnesses (66.3 % and 19.4 % respectively). Most (98 %) had consulted a health care provider. Village practitioners were the major (71 %) healthcare providers. About 12 % of the children were hospitalized. Consultations were mostly (98 %) with private medical practitioners. Average OOP expenditure was Rs. 444 (95 % CI 299 to 589) per episode; Rs. 203 (95 % CI 188 to 232) and Rs. 5,734 (95%CI 3,336 to 8,131) in the out-patient and in-patient department respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ARI and diarrhea continue to be the commonest illness among <2-y-olds. Most patients seek care in private sector and pay for the treatment from out-of-pocket source. Access to healthcare needs to be enhanced in public sector to reduce the financial burden.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh, 160012, India, dr.rajeshkumar@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Rajesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Madhu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Shankar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Prinja
mesh_terms: D017281:Cost of Illness; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005102:Health Expenditures / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012424:Rural Population