title: Rationale for targeting the Ras/MAPK pathway in triple-negative breast cancer.
abstract: "Triple negative" breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive and least common clinical subtype of breast cancer. As its nomenclature implies, TNBC lacks specific biomarker expression marking response to an effective targeted therapy. The incidence of TNBC is higher in young minority women who suffer from high rates of early recurrence and death from their disease. Mounting preclinical evidence supports targeting the Ras/MAPK cell signaling pathway in the TNBC subtype, despite large genomic surveys such as The Cancer Genome Atlas demonstrating infrequent canonical mutations in this pathway. Due to the early spread of TNBC, targeted treatment in the neoadjuvant setting may offer the effective therapeutic punch needed to eliminate micro-metastatic disease and reduce mortality. Herein, we will review the evidence supporting clinical trials of targeted inhibitors of the Ras/MAPK pathway in TNBC, and discuss the obstacles and opportunities of this approach.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Giltnane
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
authors.forename: Justin M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Balko
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D015894:Genome, Human; D006801:Humans; D020930:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D051379:Mice; D009154:Mutation; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D064726:Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D018631:ras Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D020930:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases; D018631:ras Proteins