title: Toxic effects of triazophos on rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) embryos and larvae.
abstract: Triazophos (TAP) has been widely used in agriculture for controlling insect pests and is a known organophosphorus pesticide. Due to TAP characteristics, such as high chemical and photochemical stability, its potential toxicity to aquatic organisms has gained great interest. To explore the potential developmental toxicity of TAP, Gobiocypris rarus embryos and larvae were exposed to various concentrations of TAP (0.1-15 mg L(-1)) until 72 h. Results showed that values of 72 h LC50 and EC50 were 7.44 and 5.60 mg L(-1) for embryos, 2.52 and 1.37 mg L(-1) for larvae. Increased malformation, decreased heart rate and body length provide a gradual concentration-dependent pattern. Enzyme activities and mRNA levels were significantly changed even at low concentration (0.05 mg L(-1) for embryos and 0.01 mg L(-(1) for larvae). Overall, the present study points out that TAP is likely a risk to the early development of G. rarus. The information presented in this study will be helpful in better understanding the toxicity induced by TAP in fish embryos and larvae.
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Xin
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
authors.forename: Dong-Liang
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China. Electronic address: wanggaoxue@126.com.
authors.forename: Gao-Xue
authors.initials: GX
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003530:Cyprinidae / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000187:drug effects; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D063086:Organothiophosphates / Q000633:toxicity*; D010575:Pesticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D013723:Teratogens / Q000633:toxicity*; D014230:Triazoles / Q000633:toxicity*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D063086:Organothiophosphates; D010575:Pesticides; D013723:Teratogens; D014230:Triazoles; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C012584:triazophos
keywords: Developmental toxicity; Gobiocypris rarus; Teratogenic effect; Triazophos