title: Stimulation of bone growth following zinc incorporation into biomaterials.
abstract: Rapid development of zinc biology has broadened the applications of Zn-incorporated biomaterials to tissue engineering but also raised concerns about the long-term safety of released Zn(2+) ions. Clinical success hinges on the amount of incorporated zinc and subsequent optimized release sufficient to stimulate osseointegration. In this study, zinc is incorporated into the sub-surface of TiO2 coatings by plasma immersion ion implantation and deposition (PIII&D). The Zn-implanted coatings show significant improvement compared to the "bulk-doped" coatings prepared by plasma electrolyte oxidation in terms of osteogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Molecular and cellular osteogenic activities demonstrate that rBMSCs cultured on the Zn-implanted coatings have higher ALP activity and up-regulated osteogenic-related genes (OCN, Col-I, ALP, Runx2) compared to the bulk-doped Zn coatings and controls. In vivo osseointegration studies conducted for 12 weeks on the rat model show early-stage new bone formation and the bone contact ratio (12 week) on the Zn-implanted coating is larger. The ZnT1 and ZIP1 gene expression studies demonstrate that the Zn-implanted coatings can better stimulate bone growth with reduced Zn release than those doped with zinc throughout the coatings.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, PR China.
authors.forename: Yuqin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, PR China; Oral Bioengineering Lab, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, PR China.
authors.forename: Wenjie
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, PR China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, PR China.
authors.forename: Fanhao
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, PR China.
authors.forename: Hongqin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, PR China; Oral Bioengineering Lab, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, PR China. Electronic address: xinquanjiang@aliyun.com.
authors.forename: Xinquan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, PR China. Electronic address: xyliu@mail.sic.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Xuanyong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics & Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, PR China.
authors.forename: Paul K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Chu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001846:Bone Development / Q000187:drug effects*; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry*; D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression; D008297:Male; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000187:drug effects; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry; D015854:Up-Regulation; D015032:Zinc / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D027682:Cation Transport Proteins; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit; C493717:Runx2 protein, rat; C517001:Slc39a10 protein, rat; C009495:titanium dioxide; C092392:Slc30a1 protein, rat; D014025:Titanium; D015032:Zinc
keywords: Osseointegration; Osteogenic activity; Plasma immersion ion implantation and deposition; Titanium; Zinc