title: Liposomal inhibition of acrolein-induced injury in rat cultured urothelial cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the protection offered by empty liposomes (LPs) alone against acrolein-induced changes in urothelial cell viability and explored uptake of LPs by primary (rat) urothelial cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Acrolein was used as a means to induce cellular damage and reduce urothelial cellular viability. The effect of acrolein or liposomal treatment on cellular proliferation was studied using 5-bromo-2'-deoxy-uridine assay. Cytokine release was measured after urothelial cells were exposed to acrolein. Temperature-dependent uptake study was carried out for fluorescent-labeled LPs using confocal microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Liposome pretreatment protected against acrolein-induced decrease in urothelial cell proliferation. LPs also significantly affected the acrolein-induced cytokine (interferon-gamma) release offering protection to the urothelial cells against acrolein damage. We also observed a temperature-dependent urothelial uptake of fluorescent-labeled LPs occurred at 37 °C (but not at 4 °C).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Empty LPs alone provide a therapeutic efficacy against acrolein-induced changes in urothelial cell viability and may be a promising local therapy for bladder diseases. Hence, our preliminary evidence provides support for liposome-therapy for urothelial protection and possible repair.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nirmal
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Wolf-Johnston
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Chancellor
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tyagi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anthony
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kaufman
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Birder
mesh_terms: D000171:Acrolein / Q000633:toxicity*; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D008081:Liposomes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D019459:Urothelium / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D008081:Liposomes; D000171:Acrolein; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate