title: Thyrotropin levels within the lower normal range are associated with an increased risk of hip fractures in euthyroid women, but not men, over the age of 65 years.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The contemporary literature on the relationship between serum TSH levels and osteoporotic fractures in euthyroid individuals is limited by conflicting results and analyses conducted on a small number of fractures.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to examine the association between the normal range of variation of TSH and the incidence of hip fractures in male and female euthyroid patients aged 65 years or older.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a population-based historical prospective cohort study within the Clalit Health Services population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clalit Health Services members aged ≥65 years with at least 1 TSH measurement during the year 2004. We excluded patients with preexisting hip fracture, thyroid disease, malignancy, or chronic kidney disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  The primary outcome was hip fracture, and the secondary outcome was any other osteoporotic fracture.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adjusted odds ratios comparing episodes of each outcome across 3 TSH groups (low, 0.35-1.6 mIU/L; intermediate, 1.7-2.9 mIU/L; high, 3-4.2 mIU/L) were generated using logistic regression models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 14 325 included participants suffered from 514 hip fractures (mean follow-up, 102 ± 3 months). Women, but not men, in the lowest TSH group had a higher incidence of hip fractures (odds ratio = 1.28, 95% confidence interval = 1.03-1.59, P = .029) when compared with the intermediate group, after multivariate adjustment for age, comorbidities, and use of drugs affecting bone metabolism. There was no difference in hip fracture incidence between intermediate- and high-TSH groups. No association was found between TSH levels and other osteoporotic fractures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TSH levels within the lower normal range are associated with an increased risk of hip fractures in euthyroid women, but not men, aged 65 years and more.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Internal Medicine A (A.L., R.H.A., M.L.), and Geriatric Medicine (R.H.A.), Meir Medical Center, Kfar-Saba 44281, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine (A.L., R.H.A., M.L., D.H.), Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; and Department of Family Medicine (D.H.) in the Sharon-Shomron District (E.C., D.S.), Clalit Health Services, Israel.
authors.forename: Avi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leader
authors.forename: Racheli Heffez
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Ayzenfeld
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lishner
authors.forename: Efrat
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Segev
authors.forename: Doron
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hermoni
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006620:Hip Fractures / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D058866:Osteoporotic Fractures / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012016:Reference Values; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013960:Thyroid Function Tests / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013972:Thyrotropin / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D013972:Thyrotropin