title: Emerging therapies for noninfectious uveitis: what may be coming to the clinics.
abstract: Corticosteroids along with other immunomodulatory therapies remain as the mainstay of treatment tor all patients with noninfectious uveitis (NIU). However, the systemic side effects associated with the long-term use of these drugs has encouraged the development of new therapeutic agents in recent times. This review article discusses upcoming therapeutic agents and drug delivery systems that are currently being used to treat patients with NIU. These agents mediate their actions by blocking specific pathways involved in the inflammatory process. Agents discussed in this review include full or recombinant monoclonal antibodies against interleukins such as IL-17 (secukinumab), IL-l (gevokizumab), and IL-6 (tocilizumab and sarilumab), antibody fragments against inflammatory cytokines such as TNF- α (ESBA 105) and T-cell inhibitors such as fusion proteins (abatacept), and next generation calcineurin inhibitors (voclosporin). In addition, administration of immune modulatory therapies using methods such as iontophoresis (EGP-437) and intravitreal injection (sirolimus) for the treatment of NIU' uveitis has also been discussed.
authors.affiliation: Ocular Imaging Research and Reading Center, Stanley M. Truhlsen Eye Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 3902 Leavenworth Street, 985540 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5540, USA.
authors.forename: Jose R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Maya
authors.affiliation: Ocular Imaging Research and Reading Center, Stanley M. Truhlsen Eye Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 3902 Leavenworth Street, 985540 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5540, USA.
authors.forename: Mohammad A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sadiq
authors.affiliation: Ocular Imaging Research and Reading Center, Stanley M. Truhlsen Eye Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 3902 Leavenworth Street, 985540 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5540, USA.
authors.forename: Liz J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Zapata
authors.affiliation: Ocular Imaging Research and Reading Center, Stanley M. Truhlsen Eye Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 3902 Leavenworth Street, 985540 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5540, USA.
authors.forename: Mostafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hanout
authors.affiliation: Ocular Imaging Research and Reading Center, Stanley M. Truhlsen Eye Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 3902 Leavenworth Street, 985540 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5540, USA.
authors.forename: Salman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sarwar
authors.affiliation: Ocular Imaging Research and Reading Center, Stanley M. Truhlsen Eye Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 3902 Leavenworth Street, 985540 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5540, USA.
authors.forename: Nithya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rajagopalan
authors.affiliation: Ocular Imaging Research and Reading Center, Stanley M. Truhlsen Eye Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 3902 Leavenworth Street, 985540 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5540, USA.
authors.forename: Kathleen E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Guinn
authors.affiliation: Ocular Imaging Research and Reading Center, Stanley M. Truhlsen Eye Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 3902 Leavenworth Street, 985540 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5540, USA.
authors.forename: Yasir J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Sepah
authors.affiliation: Ocular Imaging Research and Reading Center, Stanley M. Truhlsen Eye Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 3902 Leavenworth Street, 985540 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5540, USA.
authors.forename: Quan Dong
authors.initials: QD
authors.lastname: Nguyen