title: Sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations on monooxo Mo(IV) and bisoxo Mo(VI) bis-dithiolenes: insights into the mechanism of oxo transfer in sulfite oxidase and its relation to the mechanism of DMSO reductase.
abstract: Sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been used to determine the electronic structures of two complexes [Mo(IV)O(bdt)2](2-) and [Mo(VI)O2(bdt)2](2-) (bdt = benzene-1,2-dithiolate(2-)) that relate to the reduced and oxidized forms of sulfite oxidase (SO). These are compared with those of previously studied dimethyl sulfoxide reductase (DMSOr) models. DFT calculations supported by the data are extended to evaluate the reaction coordinate for oxo transfer to a phosphite ester substrate. Three possible transition states are found with the one at lowest energy, stabilized by a P-S interaction, in good agreement with experimental kinetics data. Comparison of both oxo transfer reactions shows that in DMSOr, where the oxo is transferred from the substrate to the metal ion, the oxo transfer induces electron transfer, while in SO, where the oxo transfer is from the metal site to the substrate, the electron transfer initiates oxo transfer. This difference in reactivity is related to the difference in frontier molecular orbitals (FMO) of the metal-oxo and substrate-oxo bonds. Finally, these experimentally related calculations are extended to oxo transfer by sulfite oxidase. The presence of only one dithiolene at the enzyme active site selectively activates the equatorial oxo for transfer, and allows facile structural reorganization during turnover.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.forename: Adam L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Tenderholt
authors.forename: Richard H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Holm
authors.forename: Britt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hedman
authors.forename: Keith O
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Hodgson
authors.forename: Edward I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Solomon
mesh_terms: D007506:Iron-Sulfur Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D008982:Molybdenum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D011789:Quantum Theory; D050876:Sulfite Oxidase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D013455:Sulfur / Q000737:chemistry*; D014050:Toluene / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D056928:X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy
chemical_list: D007506:Iron-Sulfur Proteins; D014050:Toluene; D013455:Sulfur; D008982:Molybdenum; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D050876:Sulfite Oxidase; C045664:dimethyl sulfoxide reductase; D010100:Oxygen; C004848:dithiol