title: Analysis of results of recurrence and progression rates of high-grade Ta bladder cancer and comparison with results of high-grade T1.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We aimed to evaluate the long-term recurrence and progression rates in a Turkish population with high-grade Ta and T1 bladder cancer and to determine malign potential of high-grade Ta bladder cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  191 patients who had non-invasive bladder cancer were evaluated at a single institution between 2005 and 2010. Median follow-up was 55.6 months (13-108). Long-term follow-up results of recurrence and progression rates of high-grade Ta and T1 were analyzed and compared with each other.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 191 patients, 143 (74.9%) were high-grade T1 and 48 (25.1%) were high-grade Ta. Of the 143 patients who were high-grade T1, 39 (27.2%) responded to the induction BCG without recurrence. 33 (23%) patients had invasion deep into the muscle layer. 61 (42%) patients had recurred as high-grade T1. Of the 48 patients who were high-grade Ta, 15 (31%) responded to induction BCG without recurrence. 18 (37.5%) patients had recurrence as high-grade Ta. 12 (25%) patients had invasion deep into to the muscle layer. Of all the patients, 13 (7%) patients died of causes related to bladder cancer. In a multivariate analysis, concomitant CIS was statistically significant for the progression of high-grade Ta bladder cancer (p&lt;0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to the data of the current study, the presence of concomitant CIS in patients with high-grade bladder cancers is associated with a higher risk of progression. There is a need for larger scale multi-institutional studies in order to support the hypothesis that high-grade Ta tumors should be considered as T1 tumors.
authors.affiliation: Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara - Turkey.
authors.forename: Muhammet Fatih
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Kilinc
authors.forename: Nurettin Cem
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Sonmez
authors.forename: Ayhan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dalkilic
authors.forename: Serdar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arisan
authors.forename: Soner
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guney
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000283:Administration, Intravesical; D000368:Aged; D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D001500:BCG Vaccine