title: Work- and travel-related physical activity and alcohol consumption: relationship with bone mineral density and calcaneal quantitative ultrasonometry.
abstract: A number of healthy workers rarely exercise because of a lack of time or resources. Physical activity related to work and everyday travel may be more feasible, but evidence of its beneficial effect on bone health is scarce. We assessed if this form of physical activity was associated with higher bone mineral density (BMD) and stiffness index (SI) when adjusted for recreational physical activity, age, body mass index, smoking, alcohol consumption, education, and serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Healthy workers, aged 25-54 yr, of the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand were surveyed. The outcomes were BMD (lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total hip) and calcaneal SI. Physical activity was estimated using the global physical activity questionnaire and considered active when >600 metabolic equivalent tasks (min). Of 2268 subjects, 74% were men. Active male subjects had significantly higher BMD at the femoral neck and total hip (p<0.005). However, the association was not significant with male lumbar spine BMD, male SI, or any bone parameters in women (p>0.05). In men, work and travel physical activity seems beneficial to male bone health; hence, it should be encouraged. Furthermore, smoking appeared harmful while moderate alcohol consumption was beneficial.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. Electronic address: chanika.sri@mahidol.edu.
authors.forename: Chanika
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sritara
authors.affiliation: Section for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Ammarin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thakkinstian
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Boonsong
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ongphiphadhanakul
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Prapaporn
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pornsuriyasak
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Daruneewan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Warodomwichit
authors.affiliation: Medical and Health Office, Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand, Nonthaburi, Thailand.
authors.forename: Tawatchai
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akrawichien
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Prin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vathesatogkit
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Piyamitr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sritara
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon / Q000379:methods; D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000503:physiopathology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015519:Bone Density; D002111:Calcaneus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D011998:Recreation / Q000502:physiology*; D012907:Smoking / Q000503:physiopathology; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013785:Thailand / Q000453:epidemiology; D014195:Travel; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis; D014937:Work / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D
keywords: Alcohol consumption; bone mineral density; global physical activity questionnaire; physical activity; quantitative ultrasonometry