title: Exploring type II microcalcifications in benign and premalignant breast lesions by shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SHINERS).
abstract: The characteristics of type II microcalcifications in fibroadenoma (FB), atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH), and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) breast tissues has been analyzed by the fingerprint features of Raman spectroscopy. Fresh breast tissues were first handled to frozen sections and then they were measured by normal Raman spectroscopy. Due to inherently low sensitivity of Raman scattering, Au@SiO2 shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SHINERS) technique was utilized. A total number of 71 Raman spectra and 70 SHINERS spectra were obtained from the microcalcifications in benign and premalignant breast tissues. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to distinguish the type II microcalcifications between these tissues. This is the first time to detect type II microcalcifications in premalignant (ADH and DCIS) breast tissue frozen sections, and also the first time SHINERS has been utilized for breast cancer detection. Conclusions demonstrated in this paper confirm that SHINERS has great potentials to be applied to the identification of breast lesions as an auxiliary method to mammography in the early diagnosis of breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
authors.forename: Lijia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
authors.forename: Haipeng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
authors.forename: Shuping
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiotherapy, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
authors.forename: Zhe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
authors.forename: Chengxu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Pathology Department, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
authors.forename: Lirong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bi
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
authors.forename: Zhimin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China. Electronic address: yintian77@126.com.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China. Electronic address: xuwq@jlu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Weiqing
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D053758:Nanoparticles; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000379:methods*; D014732:Vibration
keywords: PCA; Premalignant breast cancer; SERS; SHINERS