title: Hypertension management in England: a serial cross-sectional study from 1994 to 2011.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hypertension is the leading risk factor contributing to the global burden of disease. We aimed to assess the change in blood pressure management between 1994 and 2011 in England with a series of annual surveys.
  
  
  METHODS
  We did a serial cross-sectional study of five Health Survey for England surveys based on nationally representative samples of non-institutionalised adults (aged ≥16 years). Mean blood pressure levels and rates of awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension were assessed. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or higher, diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or higher, or receiving treatment for high blood pressure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean blood pressure levels of men and women in the general population and among patients with treated hypertension progressively improved between 1994 and 2011. In patients with treated hypertension, blood pressure improved from 150·0 (SE 0·59)/80·2 (0·27) mm Hg to 135·4 (0·58)/73·5 (0·41) mm Hg. Awareness, treatment, and control rates among men and women combined also improved significantly across each stage of this 17-year period, with the prevalence of control among treated patients almost doubling from 33% (SE 1·4) in 1994 to 63% (1·7) in 2011. Nevertheless, of all adults with survey-defined hypertension in 2011, hypertension was controlled in only 37%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  If the same systematic improvement in all aspects of hypertension management continues until 2022, 80% of patients with treated hypertension will have controlled blood pressure levels with a potential annual saving of about 50,000 major cardiovascular events.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  None.
authors.affiliation: Imperial Clinical Trials Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK. Electronic address: e.falaschetti@imperial.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Emanuela
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Falaschetti
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mindell
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Craig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Knott
authors.affiliation: International Center for Circulatory Health, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Poulter
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004363:Drug Utilization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017678:Sex Distribution; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents