title: Exposure to 1800 MHz radiofrequency radiation impairs neurite outgrowth of embryonic neural stem cells.
abstract: A radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) of 1800 MHz is widely used in mobile communications. However, the effects of RF-EMFs on cell biology are unclear. Embryonic neural stem cells (eNSCs) play a critical role in brain development. Thus, detecting the effects of RF-EMF on eNSCs is important for exploring the effects of RF-EMF on brain development. Here, we exposed eNSCs to 1800 MHz RF-EMF at specific absorption rate (SAR) values of 1, 2, and 4 W/kg for 1, 2, and 3 days. We found that 1800 MHz RF-EMF exposure did not influence eNSC apoptosis, proliferation, cell cycle or the mRNA expressions of related genes. RF-EMF exposure also did not alter the ratio of eNSC differentiated neurons and astrocytes. However, neurite outgrowth of eNSC differentiated neurons was inhibited after 4 W/kg RF-EMF exposure for 3 days. Additionally, the mRNA and protein expression of the proneural genes Ngn1 and NeuroD, which are crucial for neurite outgrowth, were decreased after RF-EMF exposure. The expression of their inhibitor Hes1 was upregulated by RF-EMF exposure. These results together suggested that 1800 MHz RF-EMF exposure impairs neurite outgrowth of eNSCs. More attention should be given to the potential adverse effects of RF-EMF exposure on brain development.
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, No.30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing 400038, China [2] Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Third Military Medical University, No.30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing 400038, China.
authors.forename: Chunhai
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, No.30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing 400038, China.
authors.forename: Qinlong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, No.30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing 400038, China.
authors.forename: Chuan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, No.30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing 400038, China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, No.30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing 400038, China.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, No.30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing 400038, China [2] Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Third Military Medical University, No.30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing 400038, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, No.30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing 400038, China [2] Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Third Military Medical University, No.30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing 400038, China.
authors.forename: Mindi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, No.30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing 400038, China.
authors.forename: Yonghui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, No.30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing 400038, China.
authors.forename: Weixia
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, No.30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing 400038, China [2] Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Third Military Medical University, No.30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing 400038, China.
authors.forename: Liping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pei
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, No.30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing 400038, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, No.30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing 400038, China [2] Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Third Military Medical University, No.30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing 400038, China.
authors.forename: Zhengping
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, No.30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing 400038, China [2] Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Third Military Medical University, No.30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing 400038, China.
authors.forename: Zhou
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000528:radiation effects; D040421:Cell Phone; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000528:radiation effects; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000528:radiation effects*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D058953:Neural Stem Cells / Q000528:radiation effects*; D016501:Neurites / Q000528:radiation effects; D055495:Neurogenesis / Q000528:radiation effects*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000528:radiation effects; D011846:Radio Waves
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger