title: Protective effects of Gynostemma pentaphyllum polysaccharides on PC12 cells impaired by MPP(+).
abstract: The aim of the present study was to explore the neuroprotective effects of Gynostemma pentaphyllum polysaccharides (GP) in a 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridiniumion (MPP(+))-induced cellular model of Parkinson's disease (PD) and the underlying mechanisms. Our results indicated that exposure of PC12 cells to 1mM MPP(+) significantly decreased the cell viability when examined by MTT assay, LDH assay, and annexin-V-FITC and propidium iodide (PI) apoptosis detection assays. MPP(+)-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells was accompanied by an increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, release of mitochondrial cytochrome c into the cytosol, activation of caspase-3/9 and cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). However, pretreatment of PC12 cells with 50μg/ml GP prior to MPP(+) exposure effectively attenuated the cytotoxicity and improved cell viability via inhibiting elevated Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, as well as the release of cytosolic cytochrome c. Furthermore, GP was effective in attenuating caspase-3/9 activation and cleavage of PARP in MPP(+)-exposed PC12 cells. These results suggest that the GP has protective effects against MPP(+)-induced neuronal apoptosis in PC12 cells by suppressing apoptosis-related protein, and therefore, might likely be a promising candidate for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD).
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi 830011, Xinjiang, PR China.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi 830000, Xinjiang, PR China. Electronic address: xinlingyang_xjmu@sina.com.
authors.forename: Xinling
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D015655:1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D053453:Caspase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D029774:Gynostemma / Q000737:chemistry*; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016716:PC12 Cells; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000378:metabolism; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D059748:Proteolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D011134:Polysaccharides; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D045304:Cytochromes c; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; D053148:Caspase 3; D053453:Caspase 9; D015655:1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium
keywords: Gynostemma pentaphyllum; Neuroprotective activities; Polysaccharides