title: Pulmonary metastasectomy for colorectal cancer: how many nodules, how many times?
abstract: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, with 5%-15% of CRC patients eventually developing lung metastasis (LM). Despite doubts about the role of locoregional therapy in the management of systemic disease, many surgeons have performed pulmonary metastasectomy (PM) for CRC in properly selected patients. However, the use of pulmonary metastasectomy remains controversial due to the lack of randomized controlled studies. This article reviews the results of surgical treatment of pulmonary metastases for CRC, focusing on (1) current treatment guidelines and surgical techniques of PM in patients with LM from CRC; (2) outcomes of PM and its prognostic factors; and (3) controversial issues in PM, focusing on repeated metastasectomy, bilateral multiple metastases, and combined liver and lung metastasectomy.
authors.affiliation: Hong Kwan Kim, Jong Ho Cho, Jhingook Kim, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hong Kwan
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Hong Kwan Kim, Jong Ho Cho, Jhingook Kim, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jong Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Hong Kwan Kim, Jong Ho Cho, Jhingook Kim, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710, South Korea.
authors.forename: Ho Yun
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Hong Kwan Kim, Jong Ho Cho, Jhingook Kim, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jeeyun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Hong Kwan Kim, Jong Ho Cho, Jhingook Kim, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jhingook
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D059146:Metastasectomy / Q000379:methods*; D059035:Perioperative Period; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011379:Prognosis; D019616:Thoracic Surgical Procedures; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents
keywords: Colorectal cancer; Metastases; Pulmonary metastasectomy; Surgery