title: Measuring success: results from a national survey of recruitment and retention initiatives in the nursing workforce.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to identify common components of diversity pipeline programs across a national sample of nursing institutions and determine what effect these programs have on increasing underrepresented minority enrollment and graduation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Linked data from an electronic survey conducted November 2012 to March 2013 and American Association of Colleges of Nursing baccalaureate graduation and enrollment data (2008 and 2012).
  
  
  METHODS
  Academic and administrative staff of 164 nursing schools in 26 states, including Puerto Rico in the United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  Chi-square statistics were used to (1) describe organizational features of nursing diversity pipeline programs and (2) determine significant trends in underrepresented minorities' graduation and enrollment between nursing schools with and without diversity pipeline programs
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty percent (n = 33) of surveyed nursing schools reported a structured diversity pipeline program. The most frequent program measures associated with pipeline programs included mentorship, academic, and psychosocial support. Asian, Hispanic, and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander nursing student enrollment increased between 2008 and 2012. Hispanic/Latino graduation rates increased (7.9%-10.4%, p = .001), but they decreased among Black (6.8%-5.0%, p = .004) and Native American/Pacific Islander students (2.1 %-0.3%, p ≥ .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nursing diversity pipeline programs are associated with increases in nursing school enrollment and graduation for some, although not all, minority students. Future initiatives should build on current trends while creating targeted strategies to reverse downward graduation trends among Black, Native American, and Pacific Island nursing students.
authors.affiliation: University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA. Electronic address: jmbrooks@nursing.upenn.edu.
authors.forename: J Margo
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Brooks Carthon
authors.affiliation: University of Pennsylvania Graduate School of Education, Philadelphia, PA.
authors.forename: Thai-Huy
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA.
authors.forename: Jesse
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chittams
authors.affiliation: University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guevara
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000193:education / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001213:Asian / Q000193:education / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018864:Cultural Diversity; D004508:Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000193:education / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008913:Minority Groups / Q000193:education* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D044468:Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander / Q000193:education / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010560:Personnel Selection / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011647:Puerto Rico; D012570:School Admission Criteria / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012579:Schools, Nursing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013338:Students, Nursing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014481:United States
keywords: Diversity; Health care; Nursing workforce; Pipeline