title: Effect of a reversal mirror condition on orofacial mechanical sensitivity.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate whether watching one's own face being touched in a reversal mirror condition modulates orofacial somatosensory sensitivity. A total of 37 healthy volunteers participated in a pilot study, the main study, and a control experiment. In the main experiment, 16 participants received seven different intensities of pinprick stimuli in the right infraorbital region. The perceived stimulus intensity was rated on a 0-50-100 numerical rating scale (NRS). In addition, the pinprick threshold (PiPT) was evaluated in the same region using an electronic von Frey device. During stimuli, participants were watching their own face in two different conditions (normal and reversal mirror) in randomized order. Subjective experiences during each condition were assessed with a questionnaire containing nine statements. The participants rated their level of agreement with the statements using a 7-item Likert scale. There were significant main effects on NRS scores of stimulus forces (p < 0.001) and experimental condition (p < 0.001). Post hoc analyses showed that stimulation with higher force levels induced significantly higher NRS scores (p < 0.001), but interestingly, there were significantly lower NRS scores in the reversal mirror condition than in the normal mirror condition (p < 0.001). There was no significant main effect of experimental condition on PiPT (p = 0.184). The experimental condition influenced the response to several statements significantly (p < 0.001). The somatosensory sensitivity may be impaired when the location of stimulation is not in accordance with the perception. In conclusion, hypoesthetic effects of a reversal mirror were present for fixed force measures but not for threshold measures. Further studies are now needed to describe the potential implications for other somatosensory modalities and orofacial pain conditions.
authors.affiliation: Section of Clinical Oral Physiology, Department of Dentistry, Health, Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark .
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Naganawa
authors.forename: Lene
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Baad-Hansen
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ando
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Svensson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D005145:Face / Q000294:innervation*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009055:Mouth / Q000294:innervation*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017288:Pain Threshold; D011601:Psychophysics; D012684:Sensory Thresholds / Q000502:physiology*; D014110:Touch; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Orofacial pain; quantitative sensory test; reversal; somatosensory sensitivity; touch