title: Effects of 940 MHz EMF on bioluminescence and oxidative response of stable luciferase producing HEK cells.
abstract: The effects of mobile phone frequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF, 940 MHz) on a stable cell line (HEK293T) harbouring the firefly luciferase gene were evaluated. A waveguide exposure system with 1 W input power provided the mean specific absorption rate of ≈0.09 W kg(-1) in 35 mm Petri dishes. The effects of exposure duration (15, 30, 45, 60 and 90 min) on luciferase activity and oxidative response elements were investigated. Endogenous luciferase activity was reduced after 30 and 45 min of continuous exposure, while after 60 min, the exposed cell lysate showed higher luciferase activity compared with the non-exposed control. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was highest in the 30 min exposed cells as studied by 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) fluorescence. The observed boost in ROS was then followed by a sharp rise in catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and elevation of glutathione (GSH) during the 45 min exposure. Decrease in lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde, MDA) was meaningful for the 45 and 60 min exposed cells. Therefore, it appears that an increase in the activity of luciferase after 60 min of continuous exposure could be associated with a decrease in ROS level caused by activation of the oxidative response. This ability in cells to overcome oxidative stress and compensate the luciferase activity could also be responsible for the adaptive response mechanism detected in ionizing radiation studies with RF-EMF pre-treatments.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. moosavi@ut.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Yahya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sefidbakht
authors.forename: Ali Akbar
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Moosavi-Movahedi
authors.forename: Saman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hosseinkhani
authors.forename: Fariba
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Khodagholi
authors.forename: Masoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Torkzadeh-Mahani
authors.forename: Forough
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Foolad
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Faraji-Dana
mesh_terms: D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D005452:Fluoresceins / Q000737:chemistry; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D049409:Luciferases, Firefly / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000528:radiation effects; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: C109098:2,7-dihydrodichlorofluorescein diacetate; D005452:Fluoresceins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D002374:Catalase; D049409:Luciferases, Firefly; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione