title: Anti-inflammatory effects of rebamipide eyedrop administration on ocular lesions in a murine model of primary Sjögren's syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Topical therapy is effective for dry eye, and its prolonged effects should help in maintaining the quality of life of patients with dry eye. We previously reported that the oral administration of rebamipide (Reb), a mucosal protective agent, had a potent therapeutic effect on autoimmune lesions in a murine model of Sjögren's syndrome (SS). However, the effects of topical treatment with Reb eyedrops on the ocular lesions in the murine model of SS are unknown.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Reb eyedrops were administered to the murine model of SS aged 4-8 weeks four times daily. Inflammatory lesions of the extraorbital and intraorbital lacrimal glands and Harderian gland tissues were histologically evaluated. The direct effects of Reb on the lacrimal glands were analyzed using cultured lacrimal gland cells. Tear secretions of Reb-treated mice were significantly increased compared with those of untreated mice. In addition to the therapeutic effect of Reb treatment on keratoconjunctivitis, severe inflammatory lesions of intraorbital lacrimal gland tissues in this model of SS were resolved. The mRNA expression levels of IL-10 and mucin 5Ac in conjunctival tissues from Reb-treated mice was significantly increased compared with those of control mice. Moreover, lactoferrin production from lacrimal gland cells was restored by Reb treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Topical Reb administration had an anti-inflammatory effect on the ocular autoimmune lesions in the murine model of SS and a protective effect on the ocular surfaces.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Rieko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Arakaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Eguchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasusei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kudo
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iwasa
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Tserennadmid
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Enkhmaa
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Fumika
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hotta
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Sayaka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mitamura-Aizawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mitamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Naozumi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ishimaru
mesh_terms: D060433:Administration, Ophthalmic; D000409:Alanine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics; D007637:Keratoconjunctivitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D007765:Lacrimal Apparatus / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D007781:Lactoferrin / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D055271:Mucin 5AC / Q000235:genetics; D015363:Quinolones / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D012859:Sjogren's Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; C556062:IL10 protein, mouse; C552902:Ltf protein, mouse; D055271:Mucin 5AC; D015363:Quinolones; D016753:Interleukin-10; D007781:Lactoferrin; C052785:rebamipide; D000409:Alanine