title: Evaluation of the vitreous microbial contamination rate in office-based three-port microincision vitrectomy surgery using Retrector technology.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To perform a microbiological contamination analysis of the vitreous during office-based micro-incision vitrectomy surgery (MIVS) assessing whether the bacteria detected correlated with patient's ocular conjunctival flora.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a prospective, interventional, nonrandomized case series of patients undergoing office-based MIVS, anti-VEGF, and dexamethasone intravitreal injections (triple therapy) for the treatment of wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic macular edema (DME).All patients were operated at a small procedure room in an ambulatory clinic of the Department of Ophthalmology, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Conjunctival samples were done before placing the sclerotomies. The MIVS was done with a 23-gauge retractable vitrector, a 27-gauge infusion line, and a 29-gauge chandelier. Undiluted and diluted vitreous were collected for aerobic, anaerobic and fungal cultures. Outcomes measured were bacterial species identification within samples collected from the conjunctiva and the vitreous.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-seven patients (37 eyes) were recruited and completed over 17 months of follow-up. Twenty-eight had wet AMD and nine had DME. There were 13 men and 24 women, with a mean age of 78 years. Eighteen patients (46%) had culture positive conjunctival flora. Twenty-six bacterial colonies were tabulated in total from the conjunctival swabs. All bacteria detected were gram-positive bacteria (100%), most commonly: Staphylococcus epidermitis in 11 (42%) and Corynebacterium sp. in 6 (23%). Only 1/18 patients had more than 3 species isolated, 6/18 patients had 2 species and 11/18 patients had 1 species identified on the conjunctival swab. Only 1 of the 37 undiluted midvitreous samples was culture positive, equating to a contamination rate of 2.7%. None of the diluted vitreous samples were culture positive. All cultures were negative for fungus. No serious postoperative complications occurred, including bacterial endophthalmitis, choroidal detachment, and retinal detachment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This preliminary study of office-based MIVS gives us insights on the ocular surface microbial profile and vitreous contamination rate of performing such procedures outside the OR-controlled environment. Our initial results seem to indicate that there is little risk of bacterial translocation and contamination from the conjunctiva into the vitreous. Therefore, if endophthalmitis occurs post-operatively, the source may likely arise after the procedure. Larger studies are needed to confirm our data.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada. frezendef@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Flavio A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Rezende
authors.forename: Cynthia X
authors.initials: CX
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: Przemyslaw
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sapieha
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000556:Ambulatory Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects; D001419:Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D003228:Conjunctiva / Q000382:microbiology; D009877:Endophthalmitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D015818:Eye Infections, Bacterial / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D014821:Vitrectomy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000601:surgery