title: CD163+ tumor-associated macrophages correlated with poor prognosis and cancer stem cells in oral squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play an important role in the progression and prognostication of numerous cancers. However, the role and clinical significance of TAM markers in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has not been elucidated. The present study was designed to investigate the correlation between the expression of TAM markers and pathological features in OSCC by tissue microarray. Tissue microarrays containing 16 normal oral mucosa, 6 oral epithelial dysplasia, and 43 OSCC specimens were studied by immunohistochemistry. We observed that the protein expression of the TAM markers CD68 and CD163 as well as the cancer stem cell (CSC) markers ALDH1, CD44, and SOX2 increased successively from the normal oral mucosa to OSCC. The expressions of CD68 and CD163 were significantly associated with lymph node status, and SOX2 was significantly correlated with pathological grade and lymph node status, whereas ALDH1 was correlated with tumor stage. Furthermore, CD68 was significantly correlated with CD163, SOX2, and ALDH1 (P < 0.05). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that OSCC patients overexpressing CD163 had significantly worse overall survival (P < 0.05). TAM markers are associated with cancer stem cell marker and OSCC overall survival, suggesting their potential prognostic value in OSCC.
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
authors.forename: Ke-Fei
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
authors.forename: Cong-Fa
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
authors.forename: Si-Rui
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Fan
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
authors.forename: Wei-Ming
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Li
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China ; Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China ; Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
authors.forename: Yi-Fang
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
authors.forename: Wen-Feng
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China ; Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Jun
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000080924:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000096:biosynthesis; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000473:pathology; D011379:Prognosis; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D050697:Retinal Dehydrogenase / Q000096:biosynthesis; D055748:SOXB1 Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000098902:CD163 Antigen
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; D000098902:CD163 Antigen; C497483:CD44 protein, human; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors; D007527:Isoenzymes; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; C527782:SOX2 protein, human; D055748:SOXB1 Transcription Factors; D000080924:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family; C510223:ALDH1A1 protein, human; D050697:Retinal Dehydrogenase