title: Echocardiographic evaluation of patent foramen ovale and atrial septal defect.
abstract: Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a common variant present in up to 25% of the population. Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a direct communication between the 2 atrial chambers, of which the ostium secundum variety is the most common. This manuscript is an in depth review of the complex atrial septation, the diagnosis of PFO and ASD and its clinical and therapeutic implications.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, California.
authors.forename: Pawan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hari
authors.forename: Ramdas G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Pai
authors.forename: Padmini
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Varadarajan
mesh_terms: D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D054092:Foramen Ovale, Patent / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D006344:Heart Septal Defects, Atrial / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods; D011379:Prognosis; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D020521:Stroke / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015996:Survival Rate
keywords: atrial septal defect; echocardiography; patent foramen ovale