title: The association between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol goal attainment, physician and patient attitudes and perceptions, and healthcare policy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Withholding effective treatment is clinically prevalent. The CEntralized Pan-Asian survey on tHE Under-treatment of hypercholeSterolemia (CEPHEUS-PA) indicated suboptimal low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) goal attainment in Taiwan, which may be attributable to clinical inertia. We herein analyzed the Taiwanese cohort in the CEPHEUS-PA to identify key elements regarding clinical inertia and unsatisfactory LDL-C control.
  
  
  METHODS
  A questionnaire regarding the attitudes and perceptions for each physician and patient was included in the CEPHEUS-PA. Physicians completed the physician questionnaire before enrolling patients, who completed the patient questionnaire before the assessment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) guideline was used by 81.8% of physicians to establish the individual therapeutic targets; 50.2% of patients failed to take medications persistently. Regarding perceptions to hypercholesterolemia management, 75.9% of physicians were confident of having a sufficient number of patients at cholesterol targets; 80.2% and 65.9% of patients felt satisfied and motivated, respectively, but 46.0% had no strong feeling. The healthcare reimbursement policy used for treatment guidance was a significant determinant for LDL-C goal attainment (OR=0.32, 95% CI: 0.15-0.69, P=0.006) in addition to patient compliance. Low patient involvement indexed by having no strong feeling was associated with poor LDL-C control (OR=0.73, 95% CI: 0.56-0.95, P=0.020).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The referenced healthcare reimbursement policy, poor patient compliance, and low patient involvement with hypercholesterolemia management were associated with failure of LDL-C control. Our findings highlight the need to overcome those barriers to improve the under-treatment of hypercholesterolemia.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital.
authors.forename: Kang-Ling
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Cheng-Hsueh
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Ko-Fan
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Chun-Chin
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Lung-Ching
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Tse-Min
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Shing-Jong
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Chern-En
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Chiang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001290:Attitude; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006291:Health Policy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010361:Patients / Q000523:psychology*; D010820:Physicians / Q000523:psychology*
chemical_list: D008078:Cholesterol, LDL