title: Cystic echinococcosis of the liver: A primer for hepatologists.
abstract: Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a complex, chronic and neglected disease with a worldwide distribution. The liver is the most frequent location of parasitic cysts. In humans, its clinical spectrum ranges from asymptomatic infection to severe, potentially fatal disease. Four approaches exist in the clinical management of CE: surgery, percutaneous techniques and drug treatment for active cysts, and the "watch and wait" approach for inactive cysts. Allocation of patients to these treatments should be based on cyst stage, size and location, available clinical expertise, and comorbidities. However, clinical decision algorithms, efficacy, relapse rates, and costs have never been properly evaluated. This paper reviews recent advances in classification and diagnosis and the currently available evidence for clinical decision-making in cystic echinococcosis of the liver.
authors.affiliation: Francesca Rinaldi, Enrico Brunetti, Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rinaldi
authors.affiliation: Francesca Rinaldi, Enrico Brunetti, Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brunetti
authors.affiliation: Francesca Rinaldi, Enrico Brunetti, Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Neumayr
authors.affiliation: Francesca Rinaldi, Enrico Brunetti, Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Marcello
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maestri
authors.affiliation: Francesca Rinaldi, Enrico Brunetti, Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goblirsch
authors.affiliation: Francesca Rinaldi, Enrico Brunetti, Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tamarozzi
keywords: Albendazole; Clinical management; Cystic echinococcosis; Diagnosis; Follow-up; Hydatidosis; Percutaneous treatment; Surgery; Treatment; Watch-and-wait