title: Reliability and validity of the Persian versions of the fear avoidance beliefs questionnaire and Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia in patients with neck pain.
abstract: METHODS
  Validation of 2 self-report questionnaires.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the internal consistency, reliability, and construct validity of the Persian versions of the fear avoidance beliefs questionnaire (FABQ) and the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK) in patients with acute and chronic neck pain.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The FABQ and TSK are 2 important measures to evaluate fear of pain and fear avoidance beliefs in patients with spinal pain. To date, the psychometric properties of these questionnaires have not been demonstrated in Persian-speaking patients with neck pain in Iran.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred sixty-six patients with acute and chronic neck pain participated in the study. The construct validity of the questionnaires was evaluated by measuring convergent and known-groups validity. The visual analogue scale measure of pain, neck disability index, hospital anxiety and depression scale, and the physical (PCS-12) and mental (MCS-12) summary scores of the Short Form health survey (SF-12) were used to test construct validity of the Persian FABQ and TSK. In addition, 50 randomly selected patients with chronic neck pain were asked to complete the questionnaires 48 hours later for the second time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cronbach α coefficient for the FABQ and TSK in patients with acute and chronic pain was in the range from 0.77 to 0.92 and 0.77 to 0.78, respectively. The Persian FABQ and TSK showed satisfactory test-retest reliability with intraclass correlation coefficient of more than 0.80. There were moderate to strong correlations between the Persian FABQ and TSK scores and the neck disability index (r = 0.44-0.55), Depression subscales of the hospital anxiety and depression scale (r = 0.42-0.48), and PCS-12 (r =-0.34 to -0.62).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Persian FABQ and TSK have acceptable reliability and validity for measuring pain related fear and avoidance beliefs among Persian-speaking patients with acute and chronic neck pain. However, considering the study limitations, the findings should be interpreted with caution.
  
  
  METHODS
  3.
authors.affiliation: *Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran †Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ‡Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran §Department of Physical Therapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran; and ¶Discipline of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Ahmadreza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Askary-Ashtiani
authors.forename: Ismail
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ebrahimi-Takamejani
authors.forename: Giti
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Torkaman
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amiri
authors.forename: Seyed Javad
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Mousavi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology; D001362:Avoidance Learning; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005239:Fear / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran; D007802:Language; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019547:Neck Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires