title: New antimicrobial approaches to gram positive respiratory infections.
abstract: Nowadays, we face growing resistance among gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens that cause respiratory infection in the hospital and in the community. The spread of penicillin- and macrolide-resistant pneumococci, Community-acquired methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (Ca-MRSA), the emergence of glycopeptide-resistant staphylococci underline the need for underline the need for therapeutic alternatives. A number of new therapeutic agents, with activity against the above Gram (+) respiratory pathogens, as ceftaroline, ceftopibrole, telavancin, tedizolid have become available, either in clinical trials or have been approved for clinical use. Especially, the development of new oral antibiotics, as nemonaxacin, omadacyclin, cethromycin and solithromycin will give a solution to the lack of oral drugs for outpatient treatment. In the future the clinician needs to optimize the use of old and new antibiotics to treat gram (+) respiratory serious infections.
authors.affiliation: 6th Respiratory Department, Sotiria Chest Diseases Hospital, Athens, Greece. Electronic address: mliapikou@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Adamantia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Liapikou
authors.affiliation: Department of Pneumology, Institut Clinic del Tórax, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Catia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cilloniz
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Clinic, Spain.
authors.forename: Josep
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mensa
authors.affiliation: Department of Pneumology, Institut Clinic del Tórax, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Torres
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017714:Community-Acquired Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D015195:Drug Design; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria; D016908:Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: Antibiotic resistance; Ceftaroline fosamil (Pubmed CID:73425380); Ceftopibrole (Pubmed CID: 6918430); Cethromycin (Pubmed CID: 447451); Gram (+) respiratory pathogens; MRSA; Nemonoxacin (Pubmed CID: 11993740); New antibiotics; Omadacycline (Pubmed CID:54697325); Solithromycin (Pubmed CID: 56842140); Tedizolid phosphate (Pubmed CID: 11476460); Telavancin (Pubmed CID:3081362); Treatment