title: Cosmetic and reconstructive breast surgery in adolescents: psychological, ethical, and legal considerations.
abstract: Cosmetic and reconstructive breast surgery has increased in popularity among adolescents in the United States. As more adolescents pursue these procedures, an understanding of the psychological aspects of these surgeries becomes increasingly important for the benefit of both patients and providers. The authors review the psychological aspects of cosmetic and reconstructive surgical breast procedures as they pertain to adolescents, including augmentation mammoplasty, gynecomastia correction, breast reduction, and asymmetry correction. They include a discussion of the medicolegal and ethical implications of these procedures and recommendations for clinical management.
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Edwin and Fannie Gray Hall Center for Human Appearance, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Canice E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Crerand
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Leanne
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Magee
keywords: adolescence; breast; ethics; plastic surgery; psychosocial outcomes