title: Rheumatic fever associated with antiphospholipid syndrome: systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the clinical associations between rheumatic fever and antiphospholipid syndrome and the impact of coexistence of these two diseases in an individual.
  
  
  METHODS
  Systematic review in electronics databases, regarding the period from 1983 to 2012. The keywords: "Rheumatic Fever," "Antiphospholipid Syndrome," and "Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome" are used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  were identified 11 cases described in the literature about the association of rheumatic fever and antiphospholipid syndrome. Clinical presentation of rheumatic fever was characterized by the predominance of carditis (11/11) and chorea (7/11). Regarding the manifestations of APS, the stroke was observed in 7/11 (63.6%), with one of them having probable embolic origin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study brings the information that the association between APS and RF is quite rare, however, is of great clinical importance. Doctors who deal with the RF should include in their differential diagnosis the APS, especially in the presence of stroke in patients with RF and whose echocardiogram does not show intracavitary thrombi.
authors.affiliation: Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, 41810080 Salvador, BA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Felipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Division, Centro Médico do Hospital Aliança, Rua das Violetas 42, AP. 502, 41810080 Salvador, BA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jozélio
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Carvalho
mesh_terms: D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid / Q000097:blood; D016736:Antiphospholipid Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002819:Chorea / Q000503:physiopathology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D009205:Myocarditis / Q000503:physiopathology; D012213:Rheumatic Fever / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D020521:Stroke / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid