title: Frequency and clinicopathological correlations of histopathological variants of idiopathic focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in nephrotic adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the frequency and clinicopathological correlations of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis variants in adolescents with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  All consecutive adolescents (12 to 18 years) who presented with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in the period, January 2009 to December 2012, and in whom the histological diagnosis of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis was made on renal biopsies, were included in this prospective study. Their clinical, laboratory and histopathological features at the time of presentation or biopsy were noted from the case files and the biopsy reports.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 50 adolescents, 34 (68%) were males and 16 (32%) females.The mean age was 15.14 +/- 2.3 years. The mean duration of disease was 6.3 +/- 11.2 months.The mean serum creatinine was 0.96 +/- 0.82 mg/dl. The mean 24-hour urinary protein excretion was 3.8 +/- 0.68 grams. Biopsy indications were steroid-resistant nephritic syndrome in 15 (30%), steroid-dependant nephritic syndrome in 19 (38%) and adolescent nephritic syndrome in 16 (32%) cases. Among the focal segmental glomerulosclerosis variants, 40 (80%) were "not otherwise specified", followed by the collapsing variant, which accounted for 8 (16%) cases. The tip and cellular variants, both were found in one (2%) case each. Among the histological features, global glomerulosclerosis was found in 23 (46%) cases, and segmental scarring/collapse in all (100%). A variable degree of tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis was noted in 44 (88%) cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results from this study indicate that the pattern of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis variants differs markedly in adolescents compared with younger children.
authors.forename: Shaheera
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shakeel
authors.forename: Muhammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mubarak
authors.forename: Javed Iqbal
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Kazi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001706:Biopsy; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005923:Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009404:Nephrotic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D010154:Pakistan / Q000453:epidemiology; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine