title: Moving stimuli are less effectively masked using traditional continuous flash suppression (CFS) compared to a moving Mondrian mask (MMM): a test case for feature-selective suppression and retinotopic adaptation.
abstract: Continuous flash suppression (CFS) is a powerful interocular suppression technique, which is often described as an effective means to reliably suppress stimuli from visual awareness. Suppression through CFS has been assumed to depend upon a reduction in (retinotopically specific) neural adaptation caused by the continual updating of the contents of the visual input to one eye. In this study, we started from the observation that suppressing a moving stimulus through CFS appeared to be more effective when using a mask that was actually more prone to retinotopically specific neural adaptation, but in which the properties of the mask were more similar to those of the to-be-suppressed stimulus. In two experiments, we find that using a moving Mondrian mask (i.e., one that includes motion) is more effective in suppressing a moving stimulus than a regular CFS mask. The observed pattern of results cannot be explained by a simple simulation that computes the degree of retinotopically specific neural adaptation over time, suggesting that this kind of neural adaptation does not play a large role in predicting the differences between conditions in this context. We also find some evidence consistent with the idea that the most effective CFS mask is the one that matches the properties (speed) of the suppressed stimulus. These results question the general importance of retinotopically specific neural adaptation in CFS, and potentially help to explain an implicit trend in the literature to adapt one's CFS mask to match one's to-be-suppressed stimuli. Finally, the results should help to guide the methodological development of future research where continuous suppression of moving stimuli is desired.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Psychology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Pieter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Moors
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Psychology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wagemans
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Psychology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Lee
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: de-Wit
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009038:Motion; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D012160:Retina / Q000502:physiology*; D014796:Visual Perception; D055815:Young Adult