title: The multifaceted functions of CXCL10 in cardiovascular disease.
abstract: C-X-C motif ligand 10 (CXCL10), or interferon-inducible protein-10, is a small chemokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family. Its members are responsible for leukocyte trafficking and act on tissue cells, like endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells. CXCL10 is secreted by leukocytes and tissue cells and functions as a chemoattractant, mainly for lymphocytes. After binding to its receptor CXCR3, CXCL10 evokes a range of inflammatory responses: key features in cardiovascular disease (CVD). The role of CXCL10 in CVD has been extensively described, for example for atherosclerosis, aneurysm formation, and myocardial infarction. However, there seems to be a discrepancy between experimental and clinical settings. This discrepancy occurs from differences in biological actions between species (e.g. mice and human), which is dependent on CXCL10 signaling via different CXCR3 isoforms or CXCR3-independent signaling. This makes translation from experimental to clinical settings challenging. Furthermore, the overall consensus on the actions of CXCL10 in specific CVD models is not yet reached. The purpose of this review is to describe the functions of CXCL10 in different CVDs in both experimental and clinical settings and to highlight and discuss the possible discrepancies and translational difficulties. Furthermore, CXCL10 as a possible biomarker in CVD will be discussed.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Pleunie
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-4590-9985
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: van den Borne
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands ; Einthoven Laboratory of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Paul H A
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Quax
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands ; Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands, P.O. Box 19258, 3501 DG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Imo E
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Hoefer
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands ; Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands, P.O. Box 19258, 3501 DG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Gerard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pasterkamp
mesh_terms: D000783:Aneurysm / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10 / Q000378:metabolism*; D002630:Chemotactic Factors / Q000737:chemistry; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000166:cytology; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000473:pathology; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C114753:CXCL10 protein, human; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10; D002630:Chemotactic Factors