title: Polyvinylpyrrolidone oral films of enrofloxacin: film characterization and drug release.
abstract: Enrofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone derivative used for treating urinary tract, respiratory and skin infections in animals. However, low solubility and low bioavailability prevented it from using on humans. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is an inert, non toxic polymer with excellent hydrophilic properties, besides it can enhance bioavailability by forming drug polymer conjugates. With the aim of increasing solubility and bioavailability, enrofloxacin thin films were prepared using PVP as a polymer matrix. The obtained oral thin films exhibited excellent uniformity and mechanical properties. Swelling properties of the oral thin films revealed that the water uptake was enhanced by 21%. The surface pH has been found to be 6.8±0.1 indicating that these films will not cause any irritation to oral mucosa. FTIR data of the oral thin films indicated physical interaction between drug and polymer. SEM analysis revealed uniform distribution of drug in polymer matrix. In vitro drug release profiles showed enhanced release profiles (which are also pH dependant) for thin films compared to pure drug. Antibacterial activity was found to be dose dependent and maximum susceptibility was found on Klebsiella pneumonia making this preparation more suitable for respiratory infections.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary College, Hebbal, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: G Prem
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Nano Research for Advanced Materials and Technologies,(1) Bangalore, Karnataka, India; Department of Biotechnology, Garden City College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India; Mazumdar Shaw Translational Research Center & Narayana Hrudayalaya Multi Specialty Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India; Sri Vishnu College of Pharmacy, West Godavari District, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Phani
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical sciences, Asian Metropolitan University, Batu-9, Kualalumpur, Selangor 43200, Malaysia. Electronic address: gunnaeswara79@gmail.com.
authors.forename: R G S V
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary College, Hebbal, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Jagadeesh S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Sanganal
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Garden City College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Manali
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Garden City College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Garden City College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rashmi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Garden City College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Prabhakara
authors.affiliation: Mazumdar Shaw Translational Research Center & Narayana Hrudayalaya Multi Specialty Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: C Paul
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Salins
authors.affiliation: Sri Vishnu College of Pharmacy, West Godavari District, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sandeep
authors.affiliation: Sri Vishnu College of Pharmacy, West Godavari District, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Raju
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry*; D065546:Drug Liberation; D000077422:Enrofloxacin; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D011205:Povidone / Q000737:chemistry*; D012995:Solubility; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004337:Drug Carriers; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D000077422:Enrofloxacin; D011205:Povidone
keywords: Antibacterial activity; Controlled drug release; Enrofloxacin; Oral films; Solubility