title: Selective β2-adrenergic Antagonist Butoxamine Reduces Orthodontic Tooth Movement.
abstract: Recently, involvement of the sympathetic nervous system in bone metabolism has attracted attention. β2-Adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) is presented on osteoblastic and osteoclastic cells. We previously demonstrated that β-AR blockers at low dose improve osteoporosis with hyperactivity of the sympathetic nervous system via β2-AR blocking, while they may have a somewhat inhibitory effect on osteoblastic activity at high doses. In this study, the effects of butoxamine (BUT), a specific β2-AR antagonist, on tooth movement were examined in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) showing osteoporosis with hyperactivity of the sympathetic nervous system. We administered BUT (1 mg/kg) orally, and closed-coil springs were inserted into the upper-left first molar. After sacrifice, we calculated the amount of tooth movement and analyzed the trabecular microarchitecture and histomorphometry. The distance in the SHR control was greater than that in the Wistar-Kyoto rat group, but no significant difference was found in the SHR treated with BUT compared with the Wistar-Kyoto rat control. Analysis of bone volume per tissue volume, trabecular number, and osteoclast surface per bone surface in the alveolar bone showed clear bone loss by an increase of bone resorption in SHR. In addition, BUT treatment resulted in a recovery of alveolar bone loss. Furthermore, TH-immunoreactive nerves in the periodontal ligament were increased by tooth movement, and BUT administration decreased TH-immunoreactive nerves. These results suggest that BUT prevents alveolar bone loss and orthodontic tooth movement via β2-AR blocking.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan tk-mail@dpc.agu.ac.jp.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyazawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mizutani
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uchibori
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Asaoka
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan Department of Dental Hygiene, Aichi-Gakuin Junior College, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arai
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Togari
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goto
mesh_terms: D000135:Acid Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D058672:Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000294:innervation; D000818:Animals; D002078:Butoxamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D009969:Orthodontic Wires; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000097:blood; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000294:innervation; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D000071681:Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase / Q000032:analysis; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D058672:Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Antagonists; D007527:Isoenzymes; D002078:Butoxamine; D015675:Osteocalcin; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase; D000135:Acid Phosphatase; D000071681:Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase
keywords: bone remodeling; orthodontics; osteoclast; osteoporosis; periodontal disease/periodontitis; sympathetic nervous system