title: Variable outcome for epilepsy after neonatal hypoglycaemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the electroclinical features of epilepsy secondary to neonatal hypoglycaemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective study of children who had seizures beyond infancy after neonatal hypoglycaemia treated at The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne between 1996 and 2012. Patients with perinatal asphyxia were excluded. Clinical details were obtained from medical records. Digital electroencephalography (EEG) and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were reviewed. Eleven patients met the inclusion criteria (six males, five females; mean age 10y 5mo, range 4-18y at the time of review).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Age at seizure onset ranged from 4 months to 5 years. Seizures were focal occipital in nine and generalized tonic in two patients. MRI showed gliosis with or without cortical atrophy in the occipital lobe with or without parietal lobe in all. Predominant EEG findings were stereotyped occipital sharp-slow discharges in five, polymorphic occipital spike-wave or paroxysmal fast activity in three, and generalized slow spike-wave and fast activity in two. Seizures were infrequent or remitted in six of the nine children with focal occipital seizures, and frequent and refractory in both children with generalized seizures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the common antecedent and bilateral occipital lobe injury, the seizure manifestations and course of epilepsy after neonatal hypoglycaemia were variable, with mild occipital, refractory occipital, and symptomatic generalized epilepsy recognized.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia; Division of Paediatric Neurology, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Choong Yi
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Fong
authors.forename: A Simon
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Harvey
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004828:Epilepsies, Partial / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004829:Epilepsy, Generalized / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000150:complications*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007232:Infant, Newborn, Diseases; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies