title: Estrogen-IGF-1 interactions in neuroprotection: ischemic stroke as a case study.
abstract: The steroid hormone 17b-estradiol and the peptide hormone insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 independently exert neuroprotective actions in neurologic diseases such as stroke. Only a few studies have directly addressed the interaction between the two hormone systems, however, there is a large literature that indicates potentially greater interactions between the 17b-estradiol and IGF-1 systems. The present review focuses on key issues related to this interaction including IGF-1 and sex differences and common activation of second messenger systems. Using ischemic stroke as a case study, this review also focuses on independent and cooperative actions of estrogen and IGF-1 on neuroprotection, blood brain barrier integrity, angiogenesis, inflammation and post-stroke epilepsy. Finally, the review also focuses on the astrocyte, a key mediator of post stroke repair, as a local source of 17b-estradiol and IGF-1. This review thus highlights areas where significant new research is needed to clarify the interactions between these two neuroprotectants.
authors.affiliation: Women's Health in Neuroscience Program, Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, TAMHSC College of Medicine, Bryan, TX 77807, United States. Electronic address: Sohrabji@medicine.tamhsc.edu.
authors.forename: Farida
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sohrabji
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000378:metabolism; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism*; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D000066829:Neuroprotection / Q000502:physiology*; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D020521:Stroke / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1
keywords: Astrocytes; Blood brain barrier; Estrogen; IGF-1; Inflammation; Neuroprotection; Sex differences