title: Atherosclerosis imaging using 3D black blood TSE SPACE vs 2D TSE.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare 3D Black Blood turbo spin echo (TSE) sampling perfection with application-optimized contrast using different flip angle evolution (SPACE) vs 2D TSE in evaluating atherosclerotic plaques in multiple vascular territories.
  
  
  METHODS
  The carotid, aortic, and femoral arterial walls of 16 patients at risk for cardiovascular or atherosclerotic disease were studied using both 3D black blood magnetic resonance imaging SPACE and conventional 2D multi-contrast TSE sequences using a consolidated imaging approach in the same imaging session. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed on the images. Agreement of morphometric measurements between the two imaging sequences was assessed using a two-sample t-test, calculation of the intra-class correlation coefficient and by the method of linear regression and Bland-Altman analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No statistically significant qualitative differences were found between the 3D SPACE and 2D TSE techniques for images of the carotids and aorta. For images of the femoral arteries, however, there were statistically significant differences in all four qualitative scores between the two techniques. Using the current approach, 3D SPACE is suboptimal for femoral imaging. However, this may be due to coils not being optimized for femoral imaging. Quantitatively, in our study, higher mean total vessel area measurements for the 3D SPACE technique across all three vascular beds were observed. No significant differences in lumen area for both the right and left carotids were observed between the two techniques. Overall, a significant-correlation existed between measures obtained between the two approaches.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Qualitative and quantitative measurements between 3D SPACE and 2D TSE techniques are comparable. 3D-SPACE may be a feasible approach in the evaluation of cardiovascular patients.
authors.affiliation: Stephanie K Wong, Motunrayo Mobolaji-Iawal, Leron Arama, Joy Cambe, Sylvia Biso, Nadia Alie, Zahi A Fayad, Venkatesh Mani, Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States.
authors.forename: Stephanie K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Stephanie K Wong, Motunrayo Mobolaji-Iawal, Leron Arama, Joy Cambe, Sylvia Biso, Nadia Alie, Zahi A Fayad, Venkatesh Mani, Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States.
authors.forename: Motunrayo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mobolaji-Iawal
authors.affiliation: Stephanie K Wong, Motunrayo Mobolaji-Iawal, Leron Arama, Joy Cambe, Sylvia Biso, Nadia Alie, Zahi A Fayad, Venkatesh Mani, Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States.
authors.forename: Leron
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Arama
authors.affiliation: Stephanie K Wong, Motunrayo Mobolaji-Iawal, Leron Arama, Joy Cambe, Sylvia Biso, Nadia Alie, Zahi A Fayad, Venkatesh Mani, Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States.
authors.forename: Joy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cambe
authors.affiliation: Stephanie K Wong, Motunrayo Mobolaji-Iawal, Leron Arama, Joy Cambe, Sylvia Biso, Nadia Alie, Zahi A Fayad, Venkatesh Mani, Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States.
authors.forename: Sylvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Biso
authors.affiliation: Stephanie K Wong, Motunrayo Mobolaji-Iawal, Leron Arama, Joy Cambe, Sylvia Biso, Nadia Alie, Zahi A Fayad, Venkatesh Mani, Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States.
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Alie
authors.affiliation: Stephanie K Wong, Motunrayo Mobolaji-Iawal, Leron Arama, Joy Cambe, Sylvia Biso, Nadia Alie, Zahi A Fayad, Venkatesh Mani, Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States.
authors.forename: Zahi A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Fayad
authors.affiliation: Stephanie K Wong, Motunrayo Mobolaji-Iawal, Leron Arama, Joy Cambe, Sylvia Biso, Nadia Alie, Zahi A Fayad, Venkatesh Mani, Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States.
authors.forename: Venkatesh
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mani
keywords: Aorta; Atherosclerosis; Carotid artery plaque; Femoral artery; Magnetic resonance imaging