title: Reconciling pesticide reduction with economic and environmental sustainability in arable farming.
abstract: Reducing pesticide use is one of the high-priority targets in the quest for a sustainable agriculture. Until now, most studies dealing with pesticide use reduction have compared a limited number of experimental prototypes. Here we assessed the sustainability of 48 arable cropping systems from two major agricultural regions of France, including conventional, integrated and organic systems, with a wide range of pesticide use intensities and management (crop rotation, soil tillage, cultivars, fertilization, etc.). We assessed cropping system sustainability using a set of economic, environmental and social indicators. We failed to detect any positive correlation between pesticide use intensity and both productivity (when organic farms were excluded) and profitability. In addition, there was no relationship between pesticide use and workload. We found that crop rotation diversity was higher in cropping systems with low pesticide use, which would support the important role of crop rotation diversity in integrated and organic strategies. In comparison to conventional systems, integrated strategies showed a decrease in the use of both pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers, they consumed less energy and were frequently more energy efficient. Integrated systems therefore appeared as the best compromise in sustainability trade-offs. Our results could be used to re-design current cropping systems, by promoting diversified crop rotations and the combination of a wide range of available techniques contributing to pest management.
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1347 Agroécologie, Dijon, Côte d'Or, France.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lechenet
authors.affiliation: Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé - Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Beauvoir sur Niort, Deux-Sèvres, France.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bretagnolle
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité de Recherche 1121 Agronomie et Environnement, Colmar, Haut-Rhin, France; Université de Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, Meurthe-et-Moselle, France.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bockstaller
authors.affiliation: Chambre d'Agriculture des Pays de la Loire, Angers, Maine-et-Loire, France.
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Boissinot
authors.affiliation: Chambre Régionale d'Agriculture de Bourgogne, Quetigny, Côte d'Or, France.
authors.forename: Marie-Sophie
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Petit
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1347 Agroécologie, Dijon, Côte d'Or, France.
authors.forename: Sandrine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Petit
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1347 Agroécologie, Dijon, Côte d'Or, France.
authors.forename: Nicolas M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Munier-Jolain
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods*; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources / Q000191:economics*; D018556:Crops, Agricultural / Q000191:economics / Q000254:growth & development; D004777:Environment; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D010575:Pesticides