title: PmMGST3, a novel microsomal glutathione S-transferase gene in the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum, is a potential biomarker of oxidative stress.
abstract: In this study, we evaluated a novel microsomal glutathione S-transferase3 (MGST3) gene from the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum, and examined its expression pattern in response to copper-and nickel-induced stresses. The full length of PmMGST3 was 732 bp, ranging from the dinoflagellate splice leader (DinoSL) sequence to the poly (A) tail, covering a 441-bp ORF, 97-bp 5'UTR, and 194-bp 3'UTR. The PmMGST3 was up-regulated by metals, including copper and nickel. The highest up-regulation levels of the PmMGST3 were found under 0.1 mg/L copper and 0.5 mg/L nickel treatment, respectively. In addition, the PmMGST3 was gradually up-regulated by 0.1 mg/L copper with increasing exposure time. Furthermore, ROS production and reduced GSH was measured in the copper treated cells. A significant increased ROS production and reduced GSH were found in the copper treated cells. These results suggest that PmMGST3 may be related to defense mechanisms associated with oxidative stress in dinoflagellates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science, Sangmyung University, Seoul 110-743, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ruoyu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science, Sangmyung University, Seoul 110-743, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Vinitha
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ebenezer
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science, Sangmyung University, Seoul 110-743, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: kijs@smu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jang-Seu
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Ki
mesh_terms: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions / Q000502:physiology; D003300:Copper / Q000494:pharmacology; D004141:Dinoflagellida / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D008861:Microsomes / Q000201:enzymology*; D009532:Nickel / Q000494:pharmacology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D016053:RNA, Protozoan / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; D016053:RNA, Protozoan; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D003300:Copper; D009532:Nickel; D005982:Glutathione Transferase
keywords: Gene expression; Metals; PmMGST3; Prorocentrum minimum; ROS