title: Safe performance of magnetic resonance of the heart in patients with magnetic resonance conditional pacemaker systems: the safety issue of the ESTIMATE study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  No published data exist about the safety of diagnostic magnetic resonance (MR) of the heart performed in a larger series of patients implanted with MR conditional pacemakers (PM). The purpose of our study is to analyse safety and potential alterations of electrical lead parameters in patients implanted with the EnRhythm/Advisa MRI SureScan PM with 5086MRI leads (Medtronic Inc.) during and after MR of the heart at 1.5 Tesla.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients enrolled in this single center pilot study who underwent non-clinically indicated diagnostic MR of the heart were included in this analysis. Heart MR was performed for analyses of potential changes in right and left ventricular functional parameters under right ventricular pacing at 80 and 110 bpm. Atrial/ventricular sensing, atrial/ventricular pacing capture threshold [PCT], and pacing impedances were assessed immediately before, during, and immediately after MR, as well at 3 and 15 months post MR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-six patients (mean age 69 ± 13 years; high degree AV block 18 [50%]) underwent MR of the heart. No MR related adverse events occurred during MR or thereafter. Ventricular sensing differed significantly between the FU immediately after MR (10.3 ± 5.3 mV) and the baseline FU (9.8 ± 5.3 mV; p < 0.05). Despite PCT [V/0.4ms] was not significantly different between the FUs (baseline: 0.84 ± 0.27; in-between MR scans: 0.82 ± 0.27; immediately after MR: 0.84 ± 0.24; 3-month: 0.85 ± 0.23; 15-month: 0.90 ± 0.67; p = ns), 7 patients (19%) showed PCT increases by 100% (max. PCT measured: 1.0 V) at the 3-month FU compared to baseline. RV pacing impedance [Ω/5V] differed significantly at the FU in-between MR scans (516 ± 47), and at the 15-month FU (482 ± 58) compared to baseline (508 ± 75).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of our study suggest MR of the heart to be safe in patients with the MR conditional EnRhythm/Advisa system, albeit although noticeable but clinically irrelevant ventricular PCT changes were observed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Hospital of St, Pölten-Lilienfeld, St, Pölten, Austria. christian.wollmann@stpoelten.lknoe.at.
authors.forename: Christian G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Wollmann
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Thudt
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kaiser
authors.forename: Erich
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Salomonowitz
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mayr
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Globits
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D054537:Atrioventricular Block / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D001317:Austria; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left; D016278:Ventricular Function, Right