title: Development of an insecticidal nanoemulsion with Manilkara subsericea (Sapotaceae) extract.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Plants have been recognized as a good source of insecticidal agents, since they are able to produce their own defensives to insect attack. Moreover, there is a growing concern worldwide to develop pesticides with low impact to environment and non-target organisms. Hexane-soluble fraction from ethanolic crude extract from fruits of Manilkara subsericea and its triterpenes were considered active against a cotton pest (Dysdercus peruvianus). Several natural products with insecticidal activity have poor water solubility, including triterpenes, and nanotechnology has emerged as a good alternative to solve this main problem. On this context, the aim of the present study was to develop an insecticidal nanoemulsion containing apolar fraction from fruits of Manilkara subsericea.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was obtained a formulation constituted by 5% of oil (octyldodecyl myristate), 5% of surfactants (sorbitan monooleate/polysorbate 80), 5% of apolar fraction from M. subsericea and 85% of water. Analysis of mean droplet diameter (155.2 ± 3.8 nm) confirmed this formulation as a nanoemulsion. It was able to induce mortality in D. peruvianus. It was observed no effect against acetylcholinesterase or mortality in mice induced by the formulation, suggesting the safety of this nanoemulsion for non-target organisms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study suggests that the obtained O/A nanoemulsion may be useful to enhance water solubility of poor water soluble natural products with insecticidal activity, including the hexane-soluble fraction from ethanolic crude extract from fruits of Manilkara subsericea.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós, Graduação em Biotecnologia Vegetal, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Bloco K, 2° andar - sala 032, Av, Brigadeiro Trompowski s/n, CEP: 21941-590 Ilha do Fundão, RJ, Brazil. caio_pfernandes@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Caio Pinho
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.forename: Fernanda Borges
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: de Almeida
authors.forename: Amanda Nunes
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Silveira
authors.forename: Marcelo Salabert
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.forename: Cicero Brasileiro
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Mello
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Feder
authors.forename: Raul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Apolinário
authors.forename: Marcelo Guerra
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: José Carlos Tavares
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: Luis Armando Cândido
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Tietbohl
authors.forename: Leandro
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.forename: Deborah Quintanilha
authors.initials: DQ
authors.lastname: Falcão
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D004655:Emulsions / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D005260:Female; D020062:Heteroptera / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D007306:Insecticides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D008297:Male; D032129:Manilkara / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D012995:Solubility
chemical_list: D004655:Emulsions; D007306:Insecticides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase