title: Volumetrics relate to the development of depression after traumatic brain injury.
abstract: Previous research suggests that many people who sustain a traumatic brain injury (TBI), even of the mild form, will develop major depression (MD). We previously reported white matter integrity differences between those who did and did not develop MD after mild TBI. In this current paper, we aimed to investigate whether there were also volumetric differences between these groups, as suggested by previous volumetric studies in mild TBI populations. A sample of TBI-with-MD subjects (N=14), TBI-without-MD subjects (N=12), MD-without-TBI (N=26) and control subjects (no TBI or MD, N=23), received structural MRI brain scans. T1-weighted data were analysed using the Freesurfer software package which produces automated volumetric results. The findings of this study indicate that (1) TBI patients who develop MD have reduced volume in temporal, parietal and lingual regions compared to TBI patients who do not develop MD, and (2) MD patients with a history of TBI have decreased volume in the temporal region compared to those who had MD but without a history of TBI. We also found that more severe MD in those with TBI-with-MD significantly correlated with reduced volume in anterior cingulate, temporal lobe and insula. These findings suggest that volumetric reduction to specific regions, including parietal, temporal and occipital lobes, after a mild TBI may underlie the susceptibility of these patients developing major depression, in addition to altered white matter integrity.
authors.affiliation: Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, The Alfred & Monash University Central Clinical School, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. Electronic address: jerome.maller@monash.edu.
authors.forename: Jerome J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Maller
authors.affiliation: Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, The Alfred & Monash University Central Clinical School, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
authors.forename: Richard H S
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Thomson
authors.affiliation: Australian E-Health Research Centre, CSIRO-Centre for Computational Informatics, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Medicine, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pannek
authors.affiliation: Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, The Alfred & Monash University Central Clinical School, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
authors.forename: Philip M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.affiliation: Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, The Alfred & Monash University Central Clinical School, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
authors.forename: Paul B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Fitzgerald
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009778:Occipital Lobe; D010296:Parietal Lobe; D013702:Temporal Lobe
keywords: Brain injury; Major depression; Neuroimaging; Volume