title: Azacitidine-associated acute interstitial pneumonitis.
abstract: Azacitidine is the first-line therapeutic option for myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). This report describes a case of MDS in a patient who developed fatal acute interstitial pneumonitis (AIP) after the first seven-day course of intravenous azacitidine (75 mg/m(2)/day) treatment. A review of previous and present studies of azacitidine-associated AIP suggests that azacitidine may cause life-threatening AIP during or after the first seven-day course of treatment, with pyrexia commonly preceding AIP. Although the non-hematologic adverse events associated with azacitidine are generally relatively mild, further accumulation of evidence may help to make an earlier diagnosis of azacitidine-associated AIP.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Junya
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kuroda
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimura
authors.forename: Shinsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mizutani
authors.forename: Hisao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagoshi
authors.forename: Miki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kiyota
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chinen
authors.forename: Saori
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maegawa
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Yosuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Shigeo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Horiike
authors.forename: Masafumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taniwaki
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001374:Azacitidine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D017563:Lung Diseases, Interstitial / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D009190:Myelodysplastic Syndromes / Q000188:drug therapy; D011859:Radiography
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D001374:Azacitidine