title: Food intake and overweight in school-aged children in Germany: Results of the GINIplus and LISAplus studies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the cross-sectional association between food intake and overweight in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Height and weight were measured in 2,565 school-aged children. Intakes of 11 food groups were categorized (low, medium and high) using specific tertile cutoffs. Multivariate energy partition models were applied. Adjustment included energy intake from other food groups, city, family income, parental education and 'screen' time. Possible underreporters were identified and used in sensitivity analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to low intake, high intakes of meat, fish, beverages and bakery products were associated with greater BMI z-scores [β (95% CI) = 0.32 (0.21, 0.42), 0.13 (0.03, 0.24), 0.23 (0.11, 0.35) and 0.10 (-0.01, 0.20)] and increased risk of being overweight [odds ratio (OR) (95% CI) = 2.08 (1.58, 2.73), 1.39 (1.08, 1.80), 1.36 (1.01, 1.84) and 1.62 (1.24, 2.11)]. Conversely, medium and high intakes of confectionery were associated with smaller BMI z-scores [β = -0.18 (-0.28, -0.07) and -0.22 (-0.33, -0.12)] and decreased risk of being overweight [OR = 0.64 (0.50, 0.83) and 0.53 (0.40, 0.68)]. These associations were robust to sensitivity analyses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intakes of meat, fish, beverages and bakery products correlate with body weight status.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Zhengcun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Pei
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Flexeder
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fuertes
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Standl
authors.forename: Anette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Buyken
authors.forename: Dietrich
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Berdel
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: von Berg
authors.forename: Irina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lehmann
authors.forename: Beate
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schaaf
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Heinrich
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000818:Animals; D001628:Beverages; D001827:Body Height; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D002648:Child; D002664:Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D002149:Energy Intake; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005399:Fishes; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat; D050177:Overweight / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012574:Schools; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors