title: Intra-operative guidance: methods for achieving negative margins in breast conserving surgery.
abstract: The increasing incidence of breast cancer and advances in detection of small, impalpable cancers presents increasing challenges for the modern breast surgeon. Accurate localization and excision with adequate oncological margins to reduce loco-regional recurrence rates whilst minimizing volume deficit and maximizing aesthetics remains the "gold standard." We review the current techniques available and the developments within this field.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, St. Helens and Knowsley NHS Trust, Merseyside, UK.
authors.forename: Anita C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Hargreaves
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mohamed
authors.forename: Riccardo A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Audisio
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D015412:Mastectomy, Segmental / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards*
keywords: localization; margins; subclinical breast cancer