title: Angiogenesis induced by autologous whole bone marrow stem cells transplantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It has been presumed that unknown cells and growth factors in bone marrow might promote angiogenesis, so angiogenesis effect could be enhanced by autologous whole bone marrow (WBM) stem cell transplantation. We compared capillary ratio induced by autologous WBM and bone marrow-mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs) to evaluate the anigiogenic effect of auotologous WBM. In addition, the combined effect of WBM transplantation and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) injection was examined in an ischemic canine model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After creating ischemic limb model, autologous WBM and isolated BM-MNCs were transplanted into the ischemic muscle. In other experiments, autologous WBM with recombinant human G-CSF (rhG-CSF) and autologous WBM without rhG-CSF were transplanted into the ischemic muscle. In this study, normal saline was injected into the contralateral sites in each ischemic model as a control group. After 8 weeks of transplantation, angiography and muscle harvest were performed, and then the anigiographic findings and capillary density, as assessed by immunohistochemical staining, were investigated and analyzed. In comparison with the control group, BM-MNCs and WBM transplantation groups showed higher ratios of the capillary density (1.5±0.01 times, p<0.001 and 1.6±0.15 times, p=0.005, respectively). Between the BM-MNCs and WBM transplantation groups, the capillary ratio was 1.2 folds higher in the WBM group than that in the BM-MNCs group, but there was no significantly different (p=0.116). The angiogensis ratios of both the WBM without G-CSF group and the WBM with G-CSF groups were higher (1.6±0.15 times, p=0.004 and 1.8 ±0.01 times, p=0.005, respectively) than that of the control groups. In comparison with the WBM without G-CSF group, the WBM with G-CSF transplantation group revealed a 1.1 folds higher angiogenesis ratio, but there was no statistically significant difference (p=0.095).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Autologous WBM transplantation is a simpler method and it is not inferior for inducing therapeutic angiogenesis as compared with isolated BM-MNCs transplantation. In addition to autologous WBM transplantation, intravenous G-CSF injection enhances the angiogenic effect of autologous WBM in an ischemic limb.
authors.affiliation: Division of Vascular Surgery, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Kyung-Bok
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, University of Ulsan College of Medicine.
authors.forename: Ae-Kyung
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine.
authors.forename: Mi-Jung
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Young-Soo
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Do
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Sung-Wook
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, University of Ulsan College of Medicine.
authors.forename: Jong-Sung
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine.
authors.forename: Chan-Jeong
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Public Health, Seoul National University.
authors.forename: Kyung-Sun
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University.
authors.forename: Byung-Soo
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Division of Vascular Surgery, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Jin-Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Joh
authors.affiliation: MEDIPOST, Co. Ltd, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Won-Il
authors.initials: WI
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: MEDIPOST, Co. Ltd, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hye-Kyung
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Division of Vascular Surgery, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Dong-Ik
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Kim
keywords: Angiogenesis and ischemia; Bone marrow; Stem cells