title: Pure conventional laparoscopic radical nephrectomy with level II vena cava tumor thrombectomy.
abstract: The surgical management with laparoscopic technique for renal cell carcinoma with inferior vena cava tumor thrombus (IVTT) remains challenging and technically demanding in urological oncology. We present two patients with level II IVTT that were managed with pure conventional laparoscopic radical nephrectomy and thrombectomy. Two patients were diagnosed with a renal tumor with level II IVTT from December 2011 to January 2012. They both underwent pure conventional laparoscopic radical nephrectomy with thrombectomy. During these operations, intraoperative laparoscopic ultrasonography was used to detect the thrombus and ensure complete removal. Two patients were operated through retroperitoneal approach for right renal tumor and transperitoneal approach for left renal tumor respectively. The demographics, perioperative and follow-up data were recorded for the study. Both operations were successfully performed without conversion. They both had no radiographic evidence of recurrence during follow-up. It is concluded that it is feasible to manage renal cell carcinoma with level II IVTT through pure conventional laparoscopic approach in carefully selected patients, which might expand the indication for laparoscopic surgery. The purê laparoscopic approach in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma with level II vena cava tumor thrombus is challenging and requires advanced laparoscopic skills. Multicenter prospective randomized control trials are needed to prove the benefits of this approach.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Beijing Chaoyang, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Mingshuai
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Beijing Chaoyang, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ping
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Beijing Chaoyang, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yinong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Beijing Chaoyang, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Junhui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Beijing Chaoyang, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Nianzeng
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Xing
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D061646:Operative Time; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D017131:Thrombectomy / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000601:surgery*