title: Measuring Ethnic Clustering and Exposure with theQstatistic: An Exploratory Analysis of Irish, Germans, and Yankees in 1880 Newark.
abstract: The study of population patterns has animated a large body of urban social research over the years. An important part of this literature is concerned with the identification and measurement of segregation patterns. Recently, emphatic calls have been made to develop measures that are better able to capture the geography of population patterns. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the application of theQstatistic, developed for the analysis of spatial association of qualitative variables, to the detection of ethnic clustering and exposure patterns. The application is to historical data from 1880 Newark in the United States, with individuals classified by ethnicity and geo-coded by place of residence. Three ethnic groups, termed Irish, Germans, and Yankees are considered. Exploratory analysis with theQstatistic identifies significant differences in the tendency of individuals and building occupancy to cluster by ethnicity. In particular, there is evidence of a strong affinity within ethnic clusters, and some intermingling between Yankee and Irish residents. In contrast, the exposure of Germans to individuals of other groups is found to be more limited.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Spatial Analysis School of Geography and Earth Sciences McMaster University ( paezha@mcmater.ca ).
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Páez
authors.affiliation: Facultad de C.C. de la Empresa Dpto. Métodos Cuantitativos e Informáticos Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena manuel.ruiz@upct.es.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ruiz
authors.affiliation: Facultad de C.C. de la Empresa Dpto. Métodos Cuantitativos e Informáticos Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena fernando.lopez@upct.es.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: López
authors.affiliation: Spatial Structures in the Social Sciences Dept. of Sociology Brown University ( John_Logan@brown.edu ).
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Logan
keywords: Ethnicity; Q statistic; clustering; exposure; segregation; spatial association