title: Matching pollution with adaptive changes in mangrove plants by multivariate statistics. A case study, Rhizophora mangle from four neotropical mangroves in Brazil.
abstract: Roots of mangrove trees have an important role in depurating water and sediments by retaining metals that may accumulate in different plant tissues, affecting physiological processes and anatomy. The present study aimed to evaluate adaptive changes in root of Rhizophora mangle in response to different levels of chemical elements (metals/metalloids) in interstitial water and sediments from four neotropical mangroves in Brazil. What sets this study apart from other studies is that we not only investigate adaptive modifications in R. mangle but also changes in environments where this plant grows, evaluating correspondence between physical, chemical and biological issues by a combined set of multivariate statistical methods (pattern recognition). Thus, we looked to match changes in the environment with adaptations in plants. Multivariate statistics highlighted that the lignified periderm and the air gaps are directly related to the environmental contamination. Current results provide new evidences of root anatomical strategies to deal with contaminated environments. Multivariate statistics greatly contributes to extrapolate results from complex data matrixes obtained when analyzing environmental issues, pointing out parameters involved in environmental changes and also evidencing the adaptive response of the exposed biota.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Dep. Ciências Fisiológicas, Av. Washington Luiz, Km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Iara da Costa
authors.initials: Ida C
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Dep. Ciências Biológicas, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, 29075-910 Vitória, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mariana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morozesk
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Dep. Ciências Biológicas, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, 29075-910 Vitória, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ian Drumond
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Dep. Ciências Biológicas, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, 29075-910 Vitória, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marina Marques
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Bonomo
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Dep. Ciências Biológicas, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, 29075-910 Vitória, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lívia Dorsch
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Dep. Ciências Biológicas, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, 29075-910 Vitória, Brazil.
authors.forename: Larissa Maria
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Furlan
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Dep. Ciências Biológicas, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, 29075-910 Vitória, Brazil.
authors.forename: Hiulana Pereira
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Arrivabene
authors.affiliation: ICYTAC - Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba, CONICET and Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Bv. Dr. Juan Filloy s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina.
authors.forename: Magdalena Victoria
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Monferrán
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Dep. Ciências Biológicas, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, 29075-910 Vitória, Brazil.
authors.forename: Silvia Tamie
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Dep. Ciências Biológicas, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, 29075-910 Vitória, Brazil.
authors.forename: Camilla Rozindo Dias
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Milanez
authors.affiliation: ICYTAC - Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba, CONICET and Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Bv. Dr. Juan Filloy s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina. Electronic address: dwunder@fcq.unc.edu.ar.
authors.forename: Daniel Alberto
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Wunderlin
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Dep. Ciências Fisiológicas, Av. Washington Luiz, Km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: dmnf@ufscar.br.
authors.forename: Marisa Narciso
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Fernandes
mesh_terms: D001938:Brazil; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000032:analysis; D058955:Metalloids / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D008670:Metals / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D043982:Rhizophoraceae / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014197:Trees; D014867:Water / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D058955:Metalloids; D008670:Metals; D014867:Water
keywords: Estuary; Histochemistry and red mangrove; Multivariate analyses; Pollution