title: Innovative surface modification of Ti-6Al-4V alloy with a positive effect on osteoblast proliferation and fatigue performance.
abstract: A novel approach of surface treatment of orthopaedic implants combining electric discharge machining (EDM), chemical milling (etching) and shot peening is presented in this study. Each of the three techniques have been used or proposed to be used as a favourable surface treatment of biomedical titanium alloys. But to our knowledge, the three techniques have not yet been used in combination. Surface morphology and chemistry were studied by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. Fatigue life of the material was determined and finally several in-vitro biocompatibility tests have been performed. EDM and subsequent chemical milling leads to a significant improvement of osteoblast proliferation and viability thanks to favourable surface morphology and increased oxygen content on the surface. Subsequent shot-peening significantly improves the fatigue endurance of the material. Material after proposed combined surface treatment possesses favourable mechanical properties and enhanced osteoblast proliferation. EDM treatment and EDM with shot peening also supported early osteogenic cell differentiation, manifested by a higher expression of collagen type I. The combined surface treatment is therefore promising for a range of applications in orthopaedics.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic. Electronic address: havlikova@biomed.cas.cz.
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Havlikova
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics of Materials, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Ke Karlovu 5, 121 16 Prague 2, Czech Republic. Electronic address: josef.strasky@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Strasky
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic. Electronic address: vandrovcova@biomed.cas.cz.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vandrovcova
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics of Materials, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Ke Karlovu 5, 121 16 Prague 2, Czech Republic. Electronic address: harcuba.p@seznam.cz.
authors.forename: Petr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Harcuba
authors.affiliation: Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Clausthal University of Technology, Agricolastraße 2/6, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany; Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt. Electronic address: mansour.mhaede@tu-clausthal.de.
authors.forename: Mansour
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mhaede
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics of Materials, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Ke Karlovu 5, 121 16 Prague 2, Czech Republic. Electronic address: janecek@met.mff.cuni.cz.
authors.forename: Milos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Janecek
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic. Electronic address: lucy@biomed.cas.cz.
authors.forename: Lucie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bacakova
mesh_terms: D000497:Alloys; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006801:Humans; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D056951:Photoelectron Spectroscopy; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; C031462:titanium alloy (TiAl6V4); D014025:Titanium
keywords: Acid etching; Mechanical properties; Osteoblast viability; Osteogenic differentiation; Shot peening; Surface roughness