title: Culture and psychiatric evaluation: operationalizing cultural formulation for DSM-5.
abstract: The Outline for Cultural Formulation (OCF) introduced with DSM-IV provided a framework for clinicians to organize cultural information relevant to diagnostic assessment and treatment planning. However, use of the OCF has been inconsistent, raising questions about the need for guidance on implementation, training, and application in diverse settings. To address this need, DSM-5 introduced a cultural formulation interview (CFI) that operationalizes the process of data collection for the OCF. The CFI includes patient and informant versions and 12 supplementary modules addressing specific domains of the OCF. This article summarizes the literature reviews and analyses of experience with the OCF conducted by the DSM-5 Cross-Cultural Issues Subgroup (DCCIS) that informed the development of the CFI. We review the history and contents of the DSM-IV OCF, its use in training programs, and previous attempts to render it operational through questionnaires, protocols, and semi-structured interview formats. Results of research based on the OCF are discussed. For each domain of the OCF, we summarize findings from the DCCIS that led to content revision and operationalization in the CFI. The conclusion discusses training and implementation issues essential to service delivery.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lewis-Fernández
authors.forename: Neil Krishan
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Aggarwal
authors.forename: Sofie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bäärnhielm
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rohlof
authors.forename: Laurence J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Kirmayer
authors.forename: Mitchell G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: Sushrut
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jadhav
authors.forename: Ladson
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hinton
authors.forename: Renato D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Alarcón
authors.forename: Dinesh
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bhugra
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Groen
authors.forename: Rob
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: van Dijk
authors.forename: Adil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Qureshi
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Collazos
authors.forename: Cécile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rousseau
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Caballero
authors.forename: Mar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.forename: Francis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D065246:Culturally Competent Care / Q000379:methods*; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological / Q000379:methods*; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology