title: Outcomes and prognostic factors for Ewing-family tumors of the extremities.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are few published studies describing the clinical results of patients uniformly treated for a Ewing-family tumor of an extremity.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a review of patients who had received uniform treatment consisting of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, surgery and/or radiation therapy as local treatment, and then adjuvant chemotherapy from June 2003 to November 2011 at a single institution.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 158 patients included in the study. The median age was fifteen years. Sixty-nine (44%) of the patients had metastatic disease at presentation. Fifty-seven patients underwent surgery, and forty-one received radical radiation therapy following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. After a median of 24.3 months (range, 1.6 to ninety-seven months) of follow-up, the five-year event-free survival, overall survival, and local control rates (and standard error) were 24.1% ± 4.3%, 43.5% ± 6%, and 55% ± 6.8%, respectively, for the entire cohort and 36.4% ± 6.2%, 57.6% ± 7.4%, and 58.2% ± 7.9%, respectively, for patients without metastases. In the multivariate analysis, metastases predicted inferior event-free survival (p = 0.02) and overall survival (p = 0.03) rates in the entire cohort, whereas radical radiation therapy predicted an inferior local control rate in the entire cohort (p = 0.001) and in patients without metastases (p = 0.04). In the group with localized disease, there was no difference between the patients who received radical radiation therapy and those who underwent surgery with regard to tumor diameter (p = 0.8) or post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy response (p = 0.1). A white blood cell count (WBC) of &gt;11 × 109/L predicted inferior event-free survival (p = 0.005) and local control (p = 0.02) rates for patients without metastases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To our knowledge, this is the largest study on extremity Ewing-family tumors treated with uniform chemotherapy and either surgical resection or radical radiation therapy in Asia. All possible efforts should be made to resect a primary tumor after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, as radical radiation therapy alone results in a poor local control rate despite a good post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy response. Patients without metastases but with a high WBC had inferior event-free survival and local control rates and may require more aggressive therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medical Oncology (B.B. and S.B.), Orthopedics (S.R. and S.A.K.), Radiotherapy (B.K.M. and D.N.S.), and Pathology (M.C.S. and A.R.M.), Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110.
authors.forename: Bivas
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Biswas
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medical Oncology (B.B. and S.B.), Orthopedics (S.R. and S.A.K.), Radiotherapy (B.K.M. and D.N.S.), and Pathology (M.C.S. and A.R.M.), Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110.
authors.forename: Shishir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rastogi
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medical Oncology (B.B. and S.B.), Orthopedics (S.R. and S.A.K.), Radiotherapy (B.K.M. and D.N.S.), and Pathology (M.C.S. and A.R.M.), Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medical Oncology (B.B. and S.B.), Orthopedics (S.R. and S.A.K.), Radiotherapy (B.K.M. and D.N.S.), and Pathology (M.C.S. and A.R.M.), Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110.
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Mohanti
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medical Oncology (B.B. and S.B.), Orthopedics (S.R. and S.A.K.), Radiotherapy (B.K.M. and D.N.S.), and Pathology (M.C.S. and A.R.M.), Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110.
authors.forename: D N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medical Oncology (B.B. and S.B.), Orthopedics (S.R. and S.A.K.), Radiotherapy (B.K.M. and D.N.S.), and Pathology (M.C.S. and A.R.M.), Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medical Oncology (B.B. and S.B.), Orthopedics (S.R. and S.A.K.), Radiotherapy (B.K.M. and D.N.S.), and Pathology (M.C.S. and A.R.M.), Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Mridha
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medical Oncology (B.B. and S.B.), Orthopedics (S.R. and S.A.K.), Radiotherapy (B.K.M. and D.N.S.), and Pathology (M.C.S. and A.R.M.), Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110.
authors.forename: Sameer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bakhshi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000379:methods; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005121:Extremities; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D011379:Prognosis; D012512:Sarcoma, Ewing / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome