title: Do emergency ultrasound fellowship programs impact emergency medicine residents' ultrasound education?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent years have seen a rapid proliferation of emergency ultrasound (EUS) programs in the United States. To date, there is no evidence supporting that EUS fellowships enhance residents' ultrasound (US) educational experiences. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of EUS fellowships on emergency medicine (EM) residents' US education.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a cross-sectional study at 9 academic medical centers. A questionnaire on US education and bedside US use was pilot tested and given to EM residents. The primary outcomes included the number of US examinations performed, scope of bedside US applications, barriers to residents' US education, and US use in the emergency department. The secondary outcomes were factors that would impact residents' US education. The outcomes were compared between residency programs with and without EUS fellowships.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 244 EM residents participated in this study. Thirty percent (95% confidence interval, 24%-35%) reported they had performed more than 150 scans. Residents in programs with EUS fellowships reported performing more scans than those in programs without fellowships (P = .04). Significant differences were noted in most applications of bedside US between residency programs with and without fellowships (P < .05). There were also significant differences in the barriers to US education between residency programs with and without fellowships (P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Emergency US fellowship programs had a positive impact on residents' US educational experiences. Emergency medicine residents performed more scans overall and also used bedside US for more advanced applications in programs with EUS fellowships.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Arizona Medical Center, Tucson, Arizona USA (S.Ad.); Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, New York USA (C.R.); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey USA (D.M.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York USA (J.T.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, Florida USA (S.L.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia USA (J.M.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia USA (M.L.); Division of Emergency Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (F.L.); and Department of Emergency Medicine, Albert Einstein Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, New York USA (S.Ak.). sriadhikari@aol.com.
authors.forename: Srikar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Adhikari
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Arizona Medical Center, Tucson, Arizona USA (S.Ad.); Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, New York USA (C.R.); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey USA (D.M.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York USA (J.T.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, Florida USA (S.L.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia USA (J.M.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia USA (M.L.); Division of Emergency Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (F.L.); and Department of Emergency Medicine, Albert Einstein Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, New York USA (S.Ak.).
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Raio
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Arizona Medical Center, Tucson, Arizona USA (S.Ad.); Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, New York USA (C.R.); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey USA (D.M.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York USA (J.T.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, Florida USA (S.L.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia USA (J.M.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia USA (M.L.); Division of Emergency Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (F.L.); and Department of Emergency Medicine, Albert Einstein Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, New York USA (S.Ak.).
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Arizona Medical Center, Tucson, Arizona USA (S.Ad.); Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, New York USA (C.R.); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey USA (D.M.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York USA (J.T.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, Florida USA (S.L.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia USA (J.M.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia USA (M.L.); Division of Emergency Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (F.L.); and Department of Emergency Medicine, Albert Einstein Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, New York USA (S.Ak.).
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tsung
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Arizona Medical Center, Tucson, Arizona USA (S.Ad.); Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, New York USA (C.R.); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey USA (D.M.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York USA (J.T.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, Florida USA (S.L.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia USA (J.M.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia USA (M.L.); Division of Emergency Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (F.L.); and Department of Emergency Medicine, Albert Einstein Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, New York USA (S.Ak.).
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Leech
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Arizona Medical Center, Tucson, Arizona USA (S.Ad.); Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, New York USA (C.R.); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey USA (D.M.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York USA (J.T.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, Florida USA (S.L.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia USA (J.M.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia USA (M.L.); Division of Emergency Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (F.L.); and Department of Emergency Medicine, Albert Einstein Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, New York USA (S.Ak.).
authors.forename: Jehangir
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Meer
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Arizona Medical Center, Tucson, Arizona USA (S.Ad.); Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, New York USA (C.R.); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey USA (D.M.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York USA (J.T.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, Florida USA (S.L.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia USA (J.M.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia USA (M.L.); Division of Emergency Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (F.L.); and Department of Emergency Medicine, Albert Einstein Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, New York USA (S.Ak.).
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lyon
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Arizona Medical Center, Tucson, Arizona USA (S.Ad.); Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, New York USA (C.R.); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey USA (D.M.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York USA (J.T.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, Florida USA (S.L.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia USA (J.M.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia USA (M.L.); Division of Emergency Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (F.L.); and Department of Emergency Medicine, Albert Einstein Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, New York USA (S.Ak.).
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Arizona Medical Center, Tucson, Arizona USA (S.Ad.); Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, New York USA (C.R.); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey USA (D.M.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York USA (J.T.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, Florida USA (S.L.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia USA (J.M.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia USA (M.L.); Division of Emergency Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (F.L.); and Department of Emergency Medicine, Albert Einstein Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, New York USA (S.Ak.).
authors.forename: Saadia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akhtar
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002983:Clinical Competence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004521:Educational Measurement / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004635:Emergency Medicine / Q000193:education*; D005257:Fellowships and Scholarships / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007396:Internship and Residency / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011871:Radiology / Q000193:education*; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014481:United States
keywords: bedside ultrasound; emergency medicine residents; emergency ultrasound; emergency ultrasound fellowship