title: Value of fused 18F-Choline-PET/MRI to evaluate prostate cancer relapse in patients showing biochemical recurrence after EBRT: preliminary results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We compared the accuracy of (18)F-Choline-PET/MRI with that of multiparametric MRI (mMRI), (18)F-Choline-PET/CT, (18)F-Fluoride-PET/CT, and contrast-enhanced CT (CeCT) in detecting relapse in patients with suspected relapse of prostate cancer (PC) after external beam radiotherapy (EBRT). We assessed the association between standard uptake value (SUV) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC).
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated 21 patients with biochemical relapse after EBRT. Patients underwent (18)F-Choline-PET/contrast-enhanced (Ce)CT, (18)F-Fluoride-PET/CT, and mMRI. Imaging coregistration of PET and mMRI was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  (18)F-Choline-PET/MRI was positive in 18/21 patients, with a detection rate (DR) of 86%. DRs of (18)F-Choline-PET/CT, CeCT, and mMRI were 76%, 43%, and 81%, respectively. In terms of DR the only significant difference was between (18)F-Choline-PET/MRI and CeCT. On lesion-based analysis, the accuracy of (18)F-Choline-PET/MRI, (18)F-Choline-PET/CT, CeCT, and mMRI was 99%, 95%, 70%, and 85%, respectively. Accuracy, sensitivity, and NPV of (18)F-Choline-PET/MRI were significantly higher than those of both mMRI and CeCT. On whole-body assessment of bone metastases, the sensitivity of (18)F-Choline-PET/CT and (18)F-Fluoride-PET/CT was significantly higher than that of CeCT. Regarding local and lymph node relapse, we found a significant inverse correlation between ADC and SUV-max.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  (18)F-Choline-PET/MRI is a promising technique in detecting PC relapse.
authors.affiliation: Nuclear Medicine Department, E.O. Galliera Hospital, Mura delle Cappuccine 14, 16128 Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: Arnoldo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Piccardo
authors.affiliation: Radiology Department, E.O. Galliera Hospital, Mura delle Cappuccine 14, 16128 Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Paparo
authors.affiliation: Radiology Department, E.O. Galliera Hospital, Mura delle Cappuccine 14, 16128 Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Piccazzo
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Picazzo
authors.affiliation: Nuclear Medicine Department, E.O. Galliera Hospital, Mura delle Cappuccine 14, 16128 Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: Mehrdad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Naseri
authors.affiliation: Radiotherapy Department, E.O. Galliera Hospital, Mura delle Cappuccine 14, 16128 Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ricci
authors.affiliation: Radiology Department, E.O. Galliera Hospital, Mura delle Cappuccine 14, 16128 Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marziano
authors.affiliation: Radiology Department, E.O. Galliera Hospital, Mura delle Cappuccine 14, 16128 Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bacigalupo
authors.affiliation: Radiology Department, E.O. Galliera Hospital, Mura delle Cappuccine 14, 16128 Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: Ennio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Biscaldi
authors.affiliation: Radiology Department, E.O. Galliera Hospital, Mura delle Cappuccine 14, 16128 Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: Gian Andrea
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Rollandi
authors.affiliation: Radiotherapy Department, E.O. Galliera Hospital, Mura delle Cappuccine 14, 16128 Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: Filippo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Grillo-Ruggieri
authors.affiliation: Nuclear Medicine Department, Azienda Sanitaria dell'Alto Adige, Via Lorenz Böhler 5, 39100 Bolzano, Italy.
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Farsad
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002794:Choline / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D061766:Proton Therapy; D011859:Radiography
chemical_list: C516370:fluoromethylcholine; D002794:Choline