title: Aberrant DNA hypermethylation of SDHC: a novel mechanism of tumor development in Carney triad.
abstract: Carney triad (CT) is a rare condition with synchronous or metachronous occurrence of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), paragangliomas (PGLs), and pulmonary chondromas in a patient. In contrast to Carney-Stratakis syndrome (CSS) and familial PGL syndromes, no germline or somatic mutations in the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) complex subunits A, B, C, or D have been found in most tumors and/or patients with CT. Nonetheless, the tumors arising among patients with CT, CSS, or familial PGL share a similar morphology with loss of the SDHB subunit on the protein level. For the current study, we employed massive parallel bisulfite sequencing to evaluate DNA methylation patterns in CpG islands in proximity to the gene loci of all four SDH subunits. For the first time, we report on a recurrent aberrant dense DNA methylation at the gene locus of SDHC in tumors of patients with CT, which was not present in tumors of patients with CSS or PGL, or in sporadic GISTs with KIT mutations. This DNA methylation pattern was correlated to a reduced mRNA expression of SDHC, and concurrent loss of the SDHC subunit on the protein level. Collectively, these data suggest epigenetic inactivation of the SDHC gene locus with functional impairment of the SDH complex as a plausible alternate mechanism of tumorigenesis in CT.
authors.affiliation: Institute of PathologyUniversity Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Krankenhausstraße 8-10, D-91054 Erlangen, GermanyProgram on Developmental Endocrinology and GeneticsEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USADivision Molecular Genome AnalysisDivision of Theoretical BioinformaticsGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, GermanyInstitut CochinINSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyReferal Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, FranceInstitute of PathologyUniversity Medical Center, Georg-August University, Göttingen, GermanyInstitute of PathologyUniversity Hospital, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanySchool of Clinical and Experimental MedicineCollege of Medical and Dental Sciences, Centre for Rare Diseases and Personalised Medicine, Birmingham Women's Hospital, University of Birmingham and West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham, UKDepartment of Medical GeneticsUniversity of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UKLaboratory Medicine and PathologyEmeritus Staff, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA florian.haller@uk-erlangen.de stratakc@cc1.nichd.nih.gov.
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Haller
authors.affiliation: Institute of PathologyUniversity Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Krankenhausstraße 8-10, D-91054 Erlangen, GermanyProgram on Developmental Endocrinology and GeneticsEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USADivision Molecular Genome AnalysisDivision of Theoretical BioinformaticsGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, GermanyInstitut CochinINSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyReferal Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, FranceInstitute of PathologyUniversity Medical Center, Georg-August University, Göttingen, GermanyInstitute of PathologyUniversity Hospital, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanySchool of Clinical and Experimental MedicineCollege of Medical and Dental Sciences, Centre for Rare Diseases and Personalised Medicine, Birmingham Women's Hospital, University of Birmingham and West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham, UKDepartment of Medical GeneticsUniversity of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UKLaboratory Medicine and PathologyEmeritus Staff, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: Evgeny A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Moskalev
authors.affiliation: Institute of PathologyUniversity Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Krankenhausstraße 8-10, D-91054 Erlangen, GermanyProgram on Developmental Endocrinology and GeneticsEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USADivision Molecular Genome AnalysisDivision of Theoretical BioinformaticsGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, GermanyInstitut CochinINSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyReferal Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, FranceInstitute of PathologyUniversity Medical Center, Georg-August University, Göttingen, GermanyInstitute of PathologyUniversity Hospital, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanySchool of Clinical and Experimental MedicineCollege of Medical and Dental Sciences, Centre for Rare Diseases and Personalised Medicine, Birmingham Women's Hospital, University of Birmingham and West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham, UKDepartment of Medical GeneticsUniversity of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UKLaboratory Medicine and PathologyEmeritus Staff, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: Fabio R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Faucz
authors.affiliation: Institute of PathologyUniversity Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Krankenhausstraße 8-10, D-91054 Erlangen, GermanyProgram on Developmental Endocrinology and GeneticsEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USADivision Molecular Genome AnalysisDivision of Theoretical BioinformaticsGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, GermanyInstitut CochinINSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyReferal Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, FranceInstitute of PathologyUniversity Medical Center, Georg-August University, Göttingen, GermanyInstitute of PathologyUniversity Hospital, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanySchool of Clinical and Experimental MedicineCollege of Medical and Dental Sciences, Centre for Rare Diseases and Personalised Medicine, Birmingham Women's Hospital, University of Birmingham and West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham, UKDepartment of Medical GeneticsUniversity of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UKLaboratory Medicine and PathologyEmeritus Staff, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Barthelmeß
authors.affiliation: Institute of PathologyUniversity Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Krankenhausstraße 8-10, D-91054 Erlangen, GermanyProgram on Developmental Endocrinology and GeneticsEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USADivision Molecular Genome AnalysisDivision of Theoretical BioinformaticsGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, GermanyInstitut CochinINSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyReferal Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, FranceInstitute of PathologyUniversity Medical Center, Georg-August University, Göttingen, GermanyInstitute of PathologyUniversity Hospital, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanySchool of Clinical and Experimental MedicineCollege of Medical and Dental Sciences, Centre for Rare Diseases and Personalised Medicine, Birmingham Women's Hospital, University of Birmingham and West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham, UKDepartment of Medical GeneticsUniversity of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UKLaboratory Medicine and PathologyEmeritus Staff, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wiemann
authors.affiliation: Institute of PathologyUniversity Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Krankenhausstraße 8-10, D-91054 Erlangen, GermanyProgram on Developmental Endocrinology and GeneticsEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USADivision Molecular Genome AnalysisDivision of Theoretical BioinformaticsGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, GermanyInstitut CochinINSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyReferal Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, FranceInstitute of PathologyUniversity Medical Center, Georg-August University, Göttingen, GermanyInstitute of PathologyUniversity Hospital, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanySchool of Clinical and Experimental MedicineCollege of Medical and Dental Sciences, Centre for Rare Diseases and Personalised Medicine, Birmingham Women's Hospital, University of Birmingham and West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham, UKDepartment of Medical GeneticsUniversity of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UKLaboratory Medicine and PathologyEmeritus Staff, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bieg
authors.affiliation: Institute of PathologyUniversity Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Krankenhausstraße 8-10, D-91054 Erlangen, GermanyProgram on Developmental Endocrinology and GeneticsEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USADivision Molecular Genome AnalysisDivision of Theoretical BioinformaticsGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, GermanyInstitut CochinINSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyReferal Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, FranceInstitute of PathologyUniversity Medical Center, Georg-August University, Göttingen, GermanyInstitute of PathologyUniversity Hospital, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanySchool of Clinical and Experimental MedicineCollege of Medical and Dental Sciences, Centre for Rare Diseases and Personalised Medicine, Birmingham Women's Hospital, University of Birmingham and West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham, UKDepartment of Medical GeneticsUniversity of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UKLaboratory Medicine and PathologyEmeritus Staff, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USAInstitute of PathologyUniversity Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Krankenhausstraße 8-10, D-91054 Erlangen, GermanyProgram on Developmental Endocrinology and GeneticsEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USADivision Molecular Genome AnalysisDivision of Theoretical BioinformaticsGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, GermanyInstitut CochinINSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyReferal Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris,
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Assie
authors.affiliation: Institute of PathologyUniversity Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Krankenhausstraße 8-10, D-91054 Erlangen, GermanyProgram on Developmental Endocrinology and GeneticsEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USADivision Molecular Genome AnalysisDivision of Theoretical BioinformaticsGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, GermanyInstitut CochinINSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyReferal Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, FranceInstitute of PathologyUniversity Medical Center, Georg-August University, Göttingen, GermanyInstitute of PathologyUniversity Hospital, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanySchool of Clinical and Experimental MedicineCollege of Medical and Dental Sciences, Centre for Rare Diseases and Personalised Medicine, Birmingham Women's Hospital, University of Birmingham and West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham, UKDepartment of Medical GeneticsUniversity of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UKLaboratory Medicine and PathologyEmeritus Staff, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USAInstitute of PathologyUniversity Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Krankenhausstraße 8-10, D-91054 Erlangen, GermanyProgram on Developmental Endocrinology and GeneticsEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USADivision Molecular Genome AnalysisDivision of Theoretical BioinformaticsGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, GermanyInstitut CochinINSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyReferal Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris,
authors.forename: Jerome
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bertherat
authors.affiliation: Institute of PathologyUniversity Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Krankenhausstraße 8-10, D-91054 Erlangen, GermanyProgram on Developmental Endocrinology and GeneticsEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USADivision Molecular Genome AnalysisDivision of Theoretical BioinformaticsGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, GermanyInstitut CochinINSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyReferal Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, FranceInstitute of PathologyUniversity Medical Center, Georg-August University, Göttingen, GermanyInstitute of PathologyUniversity Hospital, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanySchool of Clinical and Experimental MedicineCollege of Medical and Dental Sciences, Centre for Rare Diseases and Personalised Medicine, Birmingham Women's Hospital, University of Birmingham and West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham, UKDepartment of Medical GeneticsUniversity of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UKLaboratory Medicine and PathologyEmeritus Staff, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: Inga-Marie
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Schaefer
authors.affiliation: Institute of PathologyUniversity Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Krankenhausstraße 8-10, D-91054 Erlangen, GermanyProgram on Developmental Endocrinology and GeneticsEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USADivision Molecular Genome AnalysisDivision of Theoretical BioinformaticsGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, GermanyInstitut CochinINSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyReferal Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, FranceInstitute of PathologyUniversity Medical Center, Georg-August University, Göttingen, GermanyInstitute of PathologyUniversity Hospital, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanySchool of Clinical and Experimental MedicineCollege of Medical and Dental Sciences, Centre for Rare Diseases and Personalised Medicine, Birmingham Women's Hospital, University of Birmingham and West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham, UKDepartment of Medical GeneticsUniversity of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UKLaboratory Medicine and PathologyEmeritus Staff, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Otto
authors.affiliation: Institute of PathologyUniversity Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Krankenhausstraße 8-10, D-91054 Erlangen, GermanyProgram on Developmental Endocrinology and GeneticsEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USADivision Molecular Genome AnalysisDivision of Theoretical BioinformaticsGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, GermanyInstitut CochinINSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyReferal Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, FranceInstitute of PathologyUniversity Medical Center, Georg-August University, Göttingen, GermanyInstitute of PathologyUniversity Hospital, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanySchool of Clinical and Experimental MedicineCollege of Medical and Dental Sciences, Centre for Rare Diseases and Personalised Medicine, Birmingham Women's Hospital, University of Birmingham and West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham, UKDepartment of Medical GeneticsUniversity of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UKLaboratory Medicine and PathologyEmeritus Staff, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: Eleanor
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rattenberry
authors.affiliation: Institute of PathologyUniversity Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Krankenhausstraße 8-10, D-91054 Erlangen, GermanyProgram on Developmental Endocrinology and GeneticsEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USADivision Molecular Genome AnalysisDivision of Theoretical BioinformaticsGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, GermanyInstitut CochinINSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyReferal Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, FranceInstitute of PathologyUniversity Medical Center, Georg-August University, Göttingen, GermanyInstitute of PathologyUniversity Hospital, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanySchool of Clinical and Experimental MedicineCollege of Medical and Dental Sciences, Centre for Rare Diseases and Personalised Medicine, Birmingham Women's Hospital, University of Birmingham and West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham, UKDepartment of Medical GeneticsUniversity of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UKLaboratory Medicine and PathologyEmeritus Staff, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USAInstitute of PathologyUniversity Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Krankenhausstraße 8-10, D-91054 Erlangen, GermanyProgram on Developmental Endocrinology and GeneticsEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USADivision Molecular Genome AnalysisDivision of Theoretical BioinformaticsGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, GermanyInstitut CochinINSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyReferal Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris,
authors.forename: Eamonn R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Maher
authors.affiliation: Institute of PathologyUniversity Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Krankenhausstraße 8-10, D-91054 Erlangen, GermanyProgram on Developmental Endocrinology and GeneticsEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USADivision Molecular Genome AnalysisDivision of Theoretical BioinformaticsGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, GermanyInstitut CochinINSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyReferal Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, FranceInstitute of PathologyUniversity Medical Center, Georg-August University, Göttingen, GermanyInstitute of PathologyUniversity Hospital, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanySchool of Clinical and Experimental MedicineCollege of Medical and Dental Sciences, Centre for Rare Diseases and Personalised Medicine, Birmingham Women's Hospital, University of Birmingham and West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham, UKDepartment of Medical GeneticsUniversity of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UKLaboratory Medicine and PathologyEmeritus Staff, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: Philipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ströbel
authors.affiliation: Institute of PathologyUniversity Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Krankenhausstraße 8-10, D-91054 Erlangen, GermanyProgram on Developmental Endocrinology and GeneticsEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USADivision Molecular Genome AnalysisDivision of Theoretical BioinformaticsGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, GermanyInstitut CochinINSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyReferal Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, FranceInstitute of PathologyUniversity Medical Center, Georg-August University, Göttingen, GermanyInstitute of PathologyUniversity Hospital, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanySchool of Clinical and Experimental MedicineCollege of Medical and Dental Sciences, Centre for Rare Diseases and Personalised Medicine, Birmingham Women's Hospital, University of Birmingham and West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham, UKDepartment of Medical GeneticsUniversity of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UKLaboratory Medicine and PathologyEmeritus Staff, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.affiliation: Institute of PathologyUniversity Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Krankenhausstraße 8-10, D-91054 Erlangen, GermanyProgram on Developmental Endocrinology and GeneticsEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USADivision Molecular Genome AnalysisDivision of Theoretical BioinformaticsGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, GermanyInstitut CochinINSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyReferal Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, FranceInstitute of PathologyUniversity Medical Center, Georg-August University, Göttingen, GermanyInstitute of PathologyUniversity Hospital, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanySchool of Clinical and Experimental MedicineCollege of Medical and Dental Sciences, Centre for Rare Diseases and Personalised Medicine, Birmingham Women's Hospital, University of Birmingham and West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham, UKDepartment of Medical GeneticsUniversity of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UKLaboratory Medicine and PathologyEmeritus Staff, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: J Aidan
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Carney
authors.affiliation: Institute of PathologyUniversity Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Krankenhausstraße 8-10, D-91054 Erlangen, GermanyProgram on Developmental Endocrinology and GeneticsEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USADivision Molecular Genome AnalysisDivision of Theoretical BioinformaticsGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, GermanyInstitut CochinINSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyReferal Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, FranceInstitute of PathologyUniversity Medical Center, Georg-August University, Göttingen, GermanyInstitute of PathologyUniversity Hospital, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanySchool of Clinical and Experimental MedicineCollege of Medical and Dental Sciences, Centre for Rare Diseases and Personalised Medicine, Birmingham Women's Hospital, University of Birmingham and West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham, UKDepartment of Medical GeneticsUniversity of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UKLaboratory Medicine and PathologyEmeritus Staff, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: Arndt
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hartmann
authors.affiliation: Institute of PathologyUniversity Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Krankenhausstraße 8-10, D-91054 Erlangen, GermanyProgram on Developmental Endocrinology and GeneticsEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USADivision Molecular Genome AnalysisDivision of Theoretical BioinformaticsGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, GermanyInstitut CochinINSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyReferal Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, FranceInstitute of PathologyUniversity Medical Center, Georg-August University, Göttingen, GermanyInstitute of PathologyUniversity Hospital, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanySchool of Clinical and Experimental MedicineCollege of Medical and Dental Sciences, Centre for Rare Diseases and Personalised Medicine, Birmingham Women's Hospital, University of Birmingham and West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham, UKDepartment of Medical GeneticsUniversity of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UKLaboratory Medicine and PathologyEmeritus Staff, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA florian.haller@uk-erlangen.de stratakc@cc1.nichd.nih.gov.
authors.forename: Constantine A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Stratakis
authors.affiliation: Institute of PathologyUniversity Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Krankenhausstraße 8-10, D-91054 Erlangen, GermanyProgram on Developmental Endocrinology and GeneticsEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USADivision Molecular Genome AnalysisDivision of Theoretical BioinformaticsGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, GermanyInstitut CochinINSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyReferal Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, FranceInstitute of PathologyUniversity Medical Center, Georg-August University, Göttingen, GermanyInstitute of PathologyUniversity Hospital, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanySchool of Clinical and Experimental MedicineCollege of Medical and Dental Sciences, Centre for Rare Diseases and Personalised Medicine, Birmingham Women's Hospital, University of Birmingham and West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham, UKDepartment of Medical GeneticsUniversity of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UKLaboratory Medicine and PathologyEmeritus Staff, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: Abbas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Agaimy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002812:Chondroma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D018899:CpG Islands; D019175:DNA Methylation; D015536:Down-Regulation; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007890:Leiomyosarcoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D010236:Paraganglioma, Extra-Adrenal / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D008565:Membrane Proteins; C108096:SDHC protein, human
keywords: Carney triad; GIST; SDH complex; SDHC; paraganglioma