title: Temperamental dimensions of the TEMPS-A in females with co-morbid bipolar disorder and bulimia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the effect of co-morbid bipolar disorder and bulimia on temperamental dimensions measured by TEMPS-A, relative to "pure" bulimia and "pure" bipolar disorder, in female patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was performed on 47 patients with bipolar disorder (BD) with a mean age of 36±10 years, 96 patients with bulimia or bulimic type of anorexia, mean age 26±9 years and 50 control healthy females (HC), mean age 29±6 years. Among bulimic patients, a group of 68 subjects with co-morbid bulimia with bipolarity (BD+B) was identified, based on positive score of the Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ). The TEMPS-A questionnaire, 110 questions version, has been used, evaluating five temperament domains: depressive, cyclothymic, hyperthymic, irritable and anxious. Parametric analysis was performed for 4 groups (BD, "pure" bulimia (PB), BD+B and HC), with 28 subjects randomly chosen from each group, using analysis of variance and cluster analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All clinical groups significantly differed from control group by having higher scores of depressive, cyclothymic, irritable and anxious temperaments and lower of hyperthymic one. Among patients, significantly higher scores of cyclothymic and irritable temperaments were found in BD+B compared to both PB and BD. These differences were also reflected in cluster analysis, where two clusters were identified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bipolarity in bulimic patients assessed only by the MDQ.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results show that co-morbid bulimia and bipolar disorder is characterized by extreme dimensions of both cyclothymic and irritable temperaments, significantly higher than each single diagnosis. Possible clinical implications of such fact are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul.Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572 Poznan, Poland. Electronic address: janusz.rybakowski@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Janusz K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Rybakowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul.Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572 Poznan, Poland.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kaminska
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland.
authors.forename: Jolanta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Charytonik
authors.affiliation: International Mood Center, Paris, France; International Mood Center, La Jolla, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Kareen K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Akiskal
authors.affiliation: International Mood Center, Paris, France; International Mood Center, La Jolla, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Hagop S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Akiskal
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D002032:Bulimia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007508:Irritable Mood; D008875:Middle Aged; D010555:Personality Inventory; D011594:Psychometrics; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013694:Temperament; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Bipolar disorder; Bulimia; Co-morbidity; TEMPS-A; Temperament