title: Esophageal cancer: staging system and guidelines for staging and treatment.
abstract: Survival of esophageal cancer is improving but remains poor. Esophageal cancer stage is based on depth of tumor invasion, involvement of regional lymph nodes, and the presence or absence of metastatic disease. Appropriate work-up is critical to identify accurate pre-treatment staging so that both under-treatment and unnecessary treatment is avoided. Treatment strategy should follow guideline recommendations, and generally should be developed after multidisciplinary evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Mark F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Berry
keywords: Esophageal neoplasms; esophagectomy; neoplasm staging