title: Micro-costing studies in the health and medical literature: protocol for a systematic review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Micro-costing is a cost estimation method that allows for precise assessment of the economic costs of health interventions. It has been demonstrated to be particularly useful for estimating the costs of new interventions, for interventions with large variability across providers, and for estimating the true costs to the health system and to society. However, existing guidelines for economic evaluations do not provide sufficient detail of the methods and techniques to use when conducting micro-costing analyses. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to review the current literature on micro-costing studies of health and medical interventions, strategies, and programs to assess the variation in micro-costing methodology and the quality of existing studies. This will inform current practice in conducting and reporting micro-costing studies and lead to greater standardization in methodology in the future.
  
  
  METHODS
  We will perform a systematic review of the current literature on micro-costing studies of health and medical interventions, strategies, and programs. Using rigorously designed search strategies, we will search Ovid MEDLINE, EconLit, BIOSIS Previews, Embase, Scopus, and the National Health Service Economic Evaluation Database (NHS EED) to identify relevant English-language articles. These searches will be supplemented by a review of the references of relevant articles identified. Two members of the review team will independently extract detailed information on the design and characteristics of each included article using a standardized data collection form. A third reviewer will be consulted to resolve discrepancies. We will use checklists that have been developed for critical appraisal of health economics studies to evaluate the quality and potential risk of bias of included studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This systematic review will provide useful information to help standardize the methods and techniques for conducting and reporting micro-costing studies in research, which can improve the quality and transparency of future studies and enhance comparability and interpretation of findings. In the long run, these efforts will facilitate clinical and health policy decision-making about resource allocation.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42014007453.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar Street, LSOG 205B, PO Box 208063, 06520 New Haven, CT, USA. xiao.xu@yale.edu.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Holly K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Grossetta Nardini
authors.forename: Jennifer Prah
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Ruger
mesh_terms: D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D017048:Health Care Costs / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006302:Health Services Research / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D000078202:Systematic Reviews as Topic