title: Evaluation of inhibitory effect of recreational drugs on dopaminergic terminal neuron by PET and whole-body autoradiography.
abstract: There is little investigation for the functional roles of peripheral dopamine. [(18)F]FDOPA has been used in cancer imaging (i.e., neuroendocrine and tumors pancreatic tumors) and neuroimaging (i.e., Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease). Here, we accessed side effects of recreational drugs such as ketamine, cocaine, and methamphetamine on dopamine neurons in peripheral organs by using positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and quantitative whole-body autoradiography (QWBAR) with [(18)F]FDOPA. The images were applied for the measurement of specific binding ratios (SBRs) of striatum with the cerebellum as the reference region. Clear striatal [(18)F]FDOPA-derived radioactivity was observed. Moderate level of radiotracer accumulation was presented in the mucosal layers of the stomach and small intestine. The medulla layers of kidney had higher radioactivity than that of the cortex. Blocking images markedly eliminated the specific binding of [(18)F]FDOPA in the striatum and in peripheral organs such as stomachs, intestines, and kidney. Ketamine showed the highest inhibitory effect on striatal [(18)F]FDOPA-derived radioactivity followed by cocaine and methamphetamine. The current results demonstrated a useful crossing-validating tool that enhances the capability of [(18)F]FDOPA for further investigations of the alteration of dopaminergic neurons in the brain disorder or cancer diseases in peripheral tissues.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan ; Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei 10341, Taiwan ; Biophotonic and Molecular Imaging Research Center, National Yang Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Skye Hsin-Hsien
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan ; Division of Nuclear Medicine, Taipei City Hospital Zhongxiao Branch, Taipei 11556, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ming-Hsien
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Fan-Lin
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan ; Molecular and Genetic Imaging Core/Taiwan Mouse Clinic, National Comprehensive Mouse Phenotyping and Drug Testing Center, Taipei 11533, Taiwan ; National PET/Cyclotron Center and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chi-Wei
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Li-Chung
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Nuclear Medicine Department and PET-CT Center, Shuang Ho Hospital Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chien-Feng
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jeng-Jong
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan ; Biophotonic and Molecular Imaging Research Center, National Yang Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan ; Molecular and Genetic Imaging Core/Taiwan Mouse Clinic, National Comprehensive Mouse Phenotyping and Drug Testing Center, Taipei 11533, Taiwan ; National PET/Cyclotron Center and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11221, Taiwan ; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ren-Shyan
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001345:Autoradiography / Q000379:methods; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism; D004298:Dopamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D059290:Dopaminergic Neurons / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism; D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes / Q000494:pharmacology; D013287:Illicit Drugs / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D059906:Neuroimaging; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D011859:Radiography; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes; D013287:Illicit Drugs; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D004298:Dopamine