title: Stories and photographs of William A. Arnold (1904-2001), a pioneer of photosynthesis and a wonderful friend.
abstract: William A. Arnold discovered many phenomena in photosynthesis. In 1932, together with Robert Emerson, he provided the first experimental data that led to the concept of a large antenna and a few reaction centers (photosynthetic unit); in 1935, he obtained the minimum quantum requirement of 8-10 for the evolution of one O2 molecule; in 1951, together with Bernard L. Strehler, he discovered delayed fluorescence (also known as delayed light emission) in photosynthetic systems; and in 1956, together with Helen Sherwood, he discovered thermoluminescence in plants. He is also known for providing a solid-state picture of photosynthesis. Much has been written about him and his research, including many articles in a special issue of Photosynthesis Research (Govindjee et al. (eds.) 1996); and a biography of Arnold, by Govindjee and Srivastava (William Archibald Arnold (1904-2001), 2014), in the Biographical Memoirs of the US National Academy of Sciences, (Washington, DC). Our article here offers a glimpse into the everyday life, through stories and photographs, of this remarkable scientist.
authors.affiliation: Department of Interdisciplinary Studies (Biology, Business, and Forestry), Stephen F. Austin State University, 1936 North Street, Nacogdoches, TX, 75962, USA, birdgirl342000@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Lucinda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Choules
authors.lastname: Govindjee
mesh_terms: D001703:Biophysics / Q000266:history; D005453:Fluorescence; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D009680:Nuclear Fission; D010100:Oxygen / Q000266:history / Q000378:metabolism; D010788:Photosynthesis; D045322:Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins / Q000266:history; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D045322:Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins; D010100:Oxygen