title: Prevention of prostate cancer: outcomes of clinical trials and future opportunities.
abstract: Prostate cancer is an excellent target for prevention, to reduce both mortality and the burden of overdetection of potential inconsequential disease whose diagnosis increases cost, morbidity, and anxiety. The Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial has demonstrated that finasteride significantly reduces the risk of prostate cancer but only low-grade disease; overall survival is unaffected. In the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT) clinical trial, selenium had no effect on prostate cancer risk, but alpha tocopherol significantly increased the risk by 17%. The most promising future approaches to prostate cancer prevention will likely focus on nutrition, especially weight control, and through modulation of inflammation.
authors.affiliation: From the Cancer Therapy and Research Center, University of Texas HSC at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.affiliation: From the Cancer Therapy and Research Center, University of Texas HSC at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kristal
authors.affiliation: From the Cancer Therapy and Research Center, University of Texas HSC at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Platz
mesh_terms: D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017326:Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; D018120:Finasteride / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012643:Selenium / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D014810:Vitamin E; D018120:Finasteride; D012643:Selenium