title: Intestinal dysbiosis: novel mechanisms by which gut microbes trigger and prevent disease.
abstract: New research has identified specific intestinal colonizing microbes that can have significant influence on health and disease. Evidence is reviewed supporting an association between Fusobacterium nucleatum and colon cancer and for a protective role of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in inflammatory bowel disease, of Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 in acute intestinal inflammation, of Bifidobacterium infantis in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis, and of Akkermansia muciniphila in obesity and diabetes. These novel bacteria are clinically relevant and present opportunities for more focused diagnosis of colon cancer and prevention of common diseases.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, UC Davis School of Medicine, 2516 Stockton Blvd., Sacramento, CA 95817, USA. Electronic address: mark.underwood@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu.
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Underwood
mesh_terms: D001644:Bifidobacterium / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000382:microbiology*; D064806:Dysbiosis / Q000382:microbiology*; D019446:Endotoxemia / Q000382:microbiology*; D020345:Enterocolitis, Necrotizing / Q000382:microbiology*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology; D016967:Fusobacterium nucleatum / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000382:microbiology; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology*; D009765:Obesity / Q000382:microbiology*; D065840:Protective Factors; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Acute intestinal inflammation; Akkermansia muciniphila; Bifidobacterium infantis; Colon cancer; Escherichia coli Nissle 1917; Faecalibacterium prausnitzii; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Inflammatory bowel disease; Necrotizing enterocolitis; Obesity