title: CT-guided irreversible electroporation in an acute porcine liver model: effect of previous transarterial iodized oil tissue marking on technical parameters, 3D computed tomographic rendering of the electroporation zone, and histopathology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of previous transarterial iodized oil tissue marking (ITM) on technical parameters, three-dimensional (3D) computed tomographic (CT) rendering of the electroporation zone, and histopathology after CT-guided irreversible electroporation (IRE) in an acute porcine liver model as a potential strategy to improve IRE performance.
  
  
  METHODS
  After Ethics Committee approval was obtained, in five landrace pigs, two IREs of the right and left liver (RL and LL) were performed under CT guidance with identical electroporation parameters. Before IRE, transarterial marking of the LL was performed with iodized oil. Nonenhanced and contrast-enhanced CT examinations followed. One hour after IRE, animals were killed and livers collected. Mean resulting voltage and amperage during IRE were assessed. For 3D CT rendering of the electroporation zone, parameters for size and shape were analyzed. Quantitative data were compared by the Mann-Whitney test. Histopathological differences were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean resulting voltage and amperage were 2,545.3 ± 66.0 V and 26.1 ± 1.8 A for RL, and 2,537.3 ± 69.0 V and 27.7 ± 1.8 A for LL without significant differences. Short axis, volume, and sphericity index were 16.5 ± 4.4 mm, 8.6 ± 3.2 cm(3), and 1.7 ± 0.3 for RL, and 18.2 ± 3.4 mm, 9.8 ± 3.8 cm(3), and 1.7 ± 0.3 for LL without significant differences. For RL and LL, the electroporation zone consisted of severely widened hepatic sinusoids containing erythrocytes and showed homogeneous apoptosis. For LL, iodized oil could be detected in the center and at the rim of the electroporation zone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is no adverse effect of previous ITM on technical parameters, 3D CT rendering of the electroporation zone, and histopathology after CT-guided IRE of the liver.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany, christof.sommer@med.uni-heidelberg.de.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Sommer
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fritz
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vollherbst
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zelzer
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Wachter
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bellemann
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gockner
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mokry
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schmitz
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aulmann
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Stampfl
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: H U
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Kauczor
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Radeleff
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018274:Electroporation / Q000379:methods*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D007459:Iodized Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008099:Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D023421:Models, Animal; D015641:Radiography, Interventional / Q000379:methods*; D013552:Swine; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D007459:Iodized Oil