title: Alpha-phellandrene-induced DNA damage and affect DNA repair protein expression in WEHI-3 murine leukemia cells in vitro.
abstract: Although there are few reports regarding α-phellandrene (α-PA), a natural compound from Schinus molle L. essential oil, there is no report to show that α-PA induced DNA damage and affected DNA repair associated protein expression. Herein, we investigated the effects of α-PA on DNA damage and repair associated protein expression in murine leukemia cells. Flow cytometric assay was used to measure the effects of α-PA on total cell viability and the results indicated that α-PA induced cell death. Comet assay and 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride staining were used for measuring DNA damage and condensation, respectively, and the results indicated that α-PA induced DNA damage and condensation in a concentration-dependent manner. DNA gel electrophoresis was used to examine the DNA damage and the results showed that α-PA induced DNA damage in WEHI-3 cells. Western blotting assay was used to measure the changes of DNA damage and repair associated protein expression and the results indicated that α-PA increased p-p53, p-H2A.X, 14-3-3-σ, and MDC1 protein expression but inhibited the protein of p53, MGMT, DNA-PK, and BRCA-1.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.|Division of Cardiology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jen-Jyh
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, 711, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chih-Chung
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shu-Chun
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.|Department of Chinese Medicine, Taichung Hospital, Department of Health, Executive Yuan, Taichung, 403, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shu-Wen
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Weng
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 84001, Taiwan.|Department of Chinese Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Shih
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jaung-Geng
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.|Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 413, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Jing-Gung
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Chung
mesh_terms: D027926:Anacardiaceae / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D020552:Comet Assay; D000081005:Cyclohexane Monoterpenes; D004249:DNA Damage; D004260:DNA Repair; D051747:DNA-Activated Protein Kinase / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis
chemical_list: D000081005:Cyclohexane Monoterpenes; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D039821:Monoterpenes; C005403:alpha phellandrene; D051747:DNA-Activated Protein Kinase
keywords: DNA damage and repair; WEHI-3 leukemia cells; α-phellandrene