title: [3D finite-element study on displacement of craniofacial complex with retractive forces parallel to the occlusion plane on the maxilla of rhesus monkeys].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To construct a 3D finite-element model of the craniofacial complex with the original DICOM data of CT and to investigate the preliminary biomechanical characteristics with different directions and magnitudes of retractive forces to the maxilla of rhesus monkeys.
  
  
  METHODS
  A male rhesus monkey with mixed dentition was used. Spiral CT was performed to establish a 3D finite-element model of the craniofacial complex. The ANSYS 12.1 software was used to analyze craniofacial complex displacement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Each landmark showed larger displacement with increasing force value. The displacement values and force size exhibited a linear relationship. In the x-axis direction, all displacements were small. In the y-axis direction, all displacements showed significantly higher changes with increasing force value displacement. In the z-axis direction, the A-point and ANS point moved downward, but PNS moved upward.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Loading retractive force resultes in an apparent backward and clockwise rotation on the maxilla with no obvious effects on the width of the upper jaw.
authors.forename: Jiaxin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Xiaorong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D003766:Dental Occlusion; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla