title: Bone formation in sinus augmentation procedures using autologous bone, porcine bone, and a 50 : 50 mixture: a human clinical and histological evaluation at 2 months.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to perform a 2 months clinical and histological comparison of autologous bone, porcine bone, and a 50 : 50 mixture in maxillary sinus augmentation procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 10 consecutive patients, undergoing two-stage sinus augmentation procedures using 100% autologous bone (Group A), 100% porcine bone (Group B), and a 50 : 50 mixture of autologous and porcine bone (Group C) were included in this study. After a 2-month healing period, at the time of implant insertion, clinical evaluation was performed and bone core biopsies were harvested and processed for histological analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The postoperative healing was uneventful regardless of the materials used for the sinus augmentation procedures. The histomorphometrical analysis revealed comparable percentages of newly formed bone, marrow spaces, and residual grafted material in the three groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The clinical and histological results of this study indicated that porcine bone alone or in combination with autologous bone are biocompatible and osteoconductive materials and can be successfully used in sinus augmentation procedures.
authors.affiliation: Dental School "Sapienza", University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cassetta
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: Vittoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Perrotti
authors.affiliation: Dental School "Sapienza", University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Calasso
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: Adriano
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Piattelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: Bruna
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sinjari
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Iezzi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001699:Biometry; D001706:Biopsy; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006651:Histocytochemistry; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010012:Osteogenesis; D059546:Sinus Floor Augmentation / Q000379:methods*; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous / Q000379:methods; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: autologous bone; bone regeneration; histology; porcine bone; sinus augmentation