title: [Application of subserosal injection of carbon nanoparticles via infusion needle to label lymph nodes in laparoscopic radical gastrectomy].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the feasibility of subserosal injection of carbon nanoparticle via venous infusion needle to label lymph node and its application value in laparoscopic radical gastrectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty patients with gastric cancer were randomly divided into two groups (carbon nanoparticle group and control group). Subserosal injection of carbon nanoparticle around the tumor was performed via venous infusion needle laparoscopically at the beginning of surgery in carbon nanoparticles group, while the patients routinely underwent laparoscopic radical gastrectomy in control group. Results of harvested lymph nodes were compared between the two groups. The perioperative complications and the side effect of carbon nanoparticle were also evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average number of harvested lymph node in carbon nanoparticle group (31.7±7.6) was significantly higher than that in control group (19.8±6.1, P<0.05). The proportion of harvested small node (< 5 mm) in carbon nanoparticles group(61.0%) was higher than that in control group(43.3%, P<0.01). The mean harvest time in carbon nanoparticle group [(23.5±4.8) min] was shorter than that in control group [(32.6±5.5) min, P<0.05]. The rate of black-dyed harvested lymph node was 61.9% and the metastasis rate of black-dyed lymph node was 23.0% in carbon nanoparticle group, which were significantly higher than those without black-dyed(6.2%, P<0.05) and those in control group (15.7%, P<0.05). The operative time and perioperative complications were not significantly different between the two groups, and no serious side effect caused by carbon nanoparticle was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Subserosal injection of carbon nanoparticle via venous infusion needle to label lymph nodes during laparoscopic radical gastrectomy is safe and feasible. It can increase the number of harvested lymph node, especially the small node.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China. gzliguoxin@163.com.
authors.forename: Hongyuan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yanan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Fangqin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Yanfeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Guoxin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002244:Carbon / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005743:Gastrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000379:methods; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D002244:Carbon