title: Unexpected Multidrug Resistance of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Urine Samples: A Single-Center Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Infections of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are becoming an increasingly concerning clinical problem. The aim of this study was to assess the development of MRSA in urine cultures in a major public university-affiliated hospital and the therapeutical and hygiene-related possibilities for reducing resistance.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included 243 samples from patients diagnosed with MRSA infection over a period of 6 years. An agar diffusion test measured the effects of antimicrobial agents against bacteria grown in culture. The analyses were based on the guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A regression analysis was performed, which showed 100% resistance to the following antibiotics throughout the entire testing period: carbapenem, cephalosporin (1st-4th generation), penicillin G, aminopenicillin, β-lactamase, and isoxazolyl penicillin. However, a significant decrease in resistance was found for amikacin, gentamicin, clindamycin, levofloxacin, erythromycin, and mupirocin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MRSA showed a decreasing trend of antimicrobial resistance, except against carbapenem, cephalosporin (1st-4th generation), penicillin G, aminopenicillin, β-lactamase, and isoxazolyl penicillin, for which complete resistance was observed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hanusch Krankenhaus, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lunacek
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Hanusch Krankenhaus, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Koenig
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hanusch Krankenhaus, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Christof
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mrstik
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Radmayr
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Horninger
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hanusch Krankenhaus, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Eugen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Plas
keywords: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Multidrug resistance; Urine