title: The ethics of scholarly publishing: exploring differences in plagiarism and duplicate publication across nations.
abstract: This study explored national differences in plagiarism and duplicate publication in retracted biomedical literature. The national affiliations of authors and reasons for retraction of papers accessible through PubMed that were published from 2008 to 2012 and subsequently retracted were determined in order to identify countries with the largest numbers and highest rates of retraction due to plagiarism and duplicate publication. Authors from more than fifty countries retracted papers. While the United States retracted the most papers, China retracted the most papers for plagiarism and duplicate publication. Rates of plagiarism and duplicate publication were highest in Italy and Finland, respectively. Unethical publishing practices cut across nations.
authors.affiliation: kamos@phf.org, Project Manager , Council on Linkages Between Academia and Public Health Practice, Public Health Foundation, 1300 L Street Northwest, Suite 800, Washington, DC 20005.
authors.forename: Kathleen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Amos
mesh_terms: D001208:Asia; D001315:Australia; D015713:Duplicate Publications as Topic; D005060:Europe; D006801:Humans; D009656:North America; D015714:Plagiarism; D039781:PubMed; D011643:Publishing / Q000941:ethics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012180:Retraction of Publication as Topic