title: [First detection of psittacid herpesvirus 2 in Congo African grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus erithacus) associated with pharyngeal papillomas and cloacal inflammation in Germany].
abstract: Congo African Grey Parrots (GP; Psittacus erithacus erithacus) from four different avicultures, presented in the Clinic for Exotic Pets, Reptiles and Birds, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, showed choanal papillomas or hyperemia of the cloacal mucosa. Histologically, the mucosal choanal proliferations were diagnosed as exophytic papillomas and a mild hyperplasia of the cloacal mucosa with lympho-histiocytic inflammation with no visible inclusion bodies was found. Herpesvirus genome was detected by nested PCR in pooled choanal and cloacal swabs from clinically diseased parrots and healthy contact animals. Sequencing of parts of the herpesvirus DNA-polymerase gene indicated 98-100% homology of the detected herpesviruses with the Psittacid Herpesvirus 2 (PsHV-2). In one aviculture with cloacal inflammation papillomavirus-DNA was concurrently found to a PsHV-2 infection. In addition to the four avicultures with clinical symptoms 25 more flocks of grey parrots, in total 57 Congo-GP and 13 Timneh-GP, were examined for a herpesvirus infection. A total of six out of 29 studied parrot avicultures were tested positive for PsHV-2. The detection of this virus also in flocks of GP, which were bred in Europe, shows the establishment of this infection in the GP population in captivity. As indicated in the literature as well as in our study PsHV-2 could be only detected in Congo-GP, independently if they were kept either alone or in mixed avicultures with amazon and macaw species. These findings suggest that PsHV-2 is adapted to this Psittacus species.
authors.forename: Marko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Legler
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kothe
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wohlsein
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hewicker-Trautwein
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kummerfeld
authors.forename: Silke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rautenschlein
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001715:Bird Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D002988:Cloaca / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006564:Herpesviridae / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006566:Herpesviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000662:veterinary; D010212:Papilloma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D010311:Parrots; D010610:Pharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology