title: Regulatory Forum opinion piece: New testing paradigms for reproductive and developmental toxicity--the NTP modified one generation study and OECD 443.
abstract: The National Toxicology Program (NTP) has developed a new flexible study design, termed the modified one generation (MOG) reproduction study. The MOG study will encompass measurements of developmental and reproductive toxicity parameters as well as enable the setting of appropriate dose levels for a cancer bioassay through evaluation of target organ toxicity that is based on test article exposure that starts during gestation. This study design is compared and contrasted with the new Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 443 test guideline, the extended one generation reproduction study. The MOG study has a number of advantages, with a focus on F 1 animals, the generation of adequately powered, robust data sets that include both pre and postnatal developmental toxicity information, and the measurement of effects on reproductive structure and function in the same animals. This new study design does not employ the use of internal triggers in the design structure for the use of animals already on test and is also consistent with the principles of the 3R's.
authors.affiliation: Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA foster2@niehs.nih.gov.
authors.forename: Paul M D
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Foster
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000633:toxicity; D048788:Growth and Development / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D066150:Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D018675:Toxicity Tests / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards
chemical_list: D052244:Endocrine Disruptors
keywords: developmental pathology; endocrine disrupters; female reproduction; male reproduction; reproductive system; safety assessment.