title: Evaluation of algal biofilms on indium tin oxide (ITO) for use in biophotovoltaic platforms based on photosynthetic performance.
abstract: In photosynthesis, a very small amount of the solar energy absorbed is transformed into chemical energy, while the rest is wasted as heat and fluorescence. This excess energy can be harvested through biophotovoltaic platforms to generate electrical energy. In this study, algal biofilms formed on ITO anodes were investigated for use in the algal biophotovoltaic platforms. Sixteen algal strains, comprising local isolates and two diatoms obtained from the Culture Collection of Marine Phytoplankton (CCMP), USA, were screened and eight were selected based on the growth rate, biochemical composition and photosynthesis performance using suspension cultures. Differences in biofilm formation between the eight algal strains as well as their rapid light curve (RLC) generated using a pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) fluorometer, were examined. The RLC provides detailed information on the saturation characteristics of electron transport and overall photosynthetic performance of the algae. Four algal strains, belonging to the Cyanophyta (Cyanobacteria) Synechococcus elongatus (UMACC 105), Spirulina platensis. (UMACC 159) and the Chlorophyta Chlorella vulgaris (UMACC 051), and Chlorella sp. (UMACC 313) were finally selected for investigation using biophotovoltaic platforms. Based on power output per Chl-a content, the algae can be ranked as follows: Synechococcus elongatus (UMACC 105) (6.38×10(-5) Wm(-2)/µgChl-a)>Chlorella vulgaris UMACC 051 (2.24×10(-5) Wm(-2)/µgChl-a)>Chlorella sp.(UMACC 313) (1.43×10(-5) Wm(-2)/µgChl-a)>Spirulina platensis (UMACC 159) (4.90×10(-6) Wm(-2)/µgChl-a). Our study showed that local algal strains have potential for use in biophotovoltaic platforms due to their high photosynthetic performance, ability to produce biofilm and generation of electrical power.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Fong-Lee
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.affiliation: Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Siew-Moi
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Phang
authors.affiliation: Low Dimensional Materials Research Centre, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Vengadesh
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Periasamy
authors.affiliation: Centre of Research for Electrochemical, Science and Technology (CREST), Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Kamran
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yunus
authors.affiliation: Centre of Research for Electrochemical, Science and Technology (CREST), Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Adrian C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Fisher
mesh_terms: D018441:Biofilms; D000458:Cyanobacteria / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D058086:Microalgae / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D010788:Photosynthesis; D010839:Phytoplankton / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D017971:Tin Compounds
chemical_list: D017971:Tin Compounds; C109984:indium tin oxide