title: A comparative study to evaluate the effects of ligation methods on friction in sliding mechanics using 0.022" slot brackets in dry state: An In-vitro study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Friction between archwires and brackets is assuming greater importance for finishing with increased use of sliding mechanics in orthodontics as friction impedes the desired tooth movement. The following study is conducted to compare and evaluate the effect of ligation on friction in sliding mechanics using 0.022" slot bracket in dry condition.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the study 48 combinations of brackets, archwires and different ligation techniques were tested in order to provide best combination that offers less friction during sliding mechanics. Instron- 4467 machine was used to evaluate static and kinetic friction force values and the results were subjected to Statistical Analysis and Anova test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of the study showed that 0.022" metal brackets, Stainless steel wires and Slick modules provided the optimum frictional resistance to sliding mechanics. It is observed that frictional forces of 0.019" x 0.025" were higher when compared with 0.016" x 0.022" Stainless steel archwire due to the increase in dimension. Self-ligating brackets offered least friction followed by mini twin, variable force, regular stainless steel, ceramic with metal insert bracket and ceramic brackets. The stainless steel ligature offered less resistance than slick and grey modules, and TMA wires recorded maximum friction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The stainless steel archwire of 0.019" x 0.025" dimension are preferred during sliding mechanics, these archwires with variable force brackets ligated with Slick Modules offer decreased friction and is cost effective combination which can be utilized during sliding mechanics. How to cite the article: Vinay K, Venkatesh MJ, Nayak RS, Pasha A, Rajesh M, Kumar P. A comparative study to evaluate the effects of ligation methods on friction in sliding mechanics using 0.022" slot brackets in dry state: An In-vitro study. J Int Oral Health 2014;6(2):76-83.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics & Dento-facial Orthopaedics, M R Ambedkar Dental College & Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vinay
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics & Dento-facial Orthopaedics, M R Ambedkar Dental College & Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Venkatesh
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics & Dento-facial Orthopaedics, M R Ambedkar Dental College & Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Rabindra S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Nayak
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics & Dento-facial Orthopaedics, M R Ambedkar Dental College & Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Azam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pasha
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics & Dento-facial Orthopaedics, M R Ambedkar Dental College & Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rajesh
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics & Dento-facial Orthopaedics, M R Ambedkar Dental College & Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Pradeep
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kumar
keywords: Brackets; friction; kinetic friction; slick modules; static friction