title: Dietary supplementation of zinc nanoparticles and its influence on biology, physiology and immune responses of the freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii.
abstract: The present study was conducted to assess the influence of dietary zinc nanoparticles (size 50 nm) on the growth, biochemical constituents, enzymatic antioxidant levels and the nonspecific immune response of the freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii post larvae (PL). The concentrations of dietary supplement zinc nanoparticles (ZnNPs) were 0, 10, 20, 40, 60 and 80 mg kg(-1) with the basal diet, and the level of Zn in ZnNP-supplemented diets were 0.71, 10.61, 20.73, 40.73, 60.61 and 80.60 mg kg(-1), respectively. ZnNP-incorporated diets were fed to M. rosenbergii PL (initial body weight, 0.18 ± 0.02 g) in a triplicate experimental setup for a period of 90 days. ZnNP supplemented feed fed PL up to 60 mg kg(-1) showed significantly (P < 0.05) improved performance in survival, growth and activities of digestive enzymes (protease, amylase and lipase). The concentrations of biochemical constituents (total protein, total amino acid, total carbohydrate and total lipid), total haemocyte count and differential haemocyte count were elevated in 10-60 mg kg(-1) ZnNP supplemented feed fed PL. However, the PL fed with 80 mg ZnNPs kg(-1) showed negative results. Activities of enzymatic antioxidants [superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)], metabolic enzymes [glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) and glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT)] and the process of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the hepatopancreas and muscle showed no significant alterations in 10-60 mg kg(-1) ZnNP supplemented feed fed PL. Whereas, 80 mg ZnNPs kg(-1) supplemented feed fed PL showed significant elevations in SOD, CAT, LPO, GOT and GPT. Therefore, 80 mg ZnNPs kg(-1) was found to be toxic to M. rosenbergii PL. Thus, the study suggests that up to 60 mg ZnNPs kg(-1) can be supplemented for regulating survival, growth and immunity of M. rosenbergii.
authors.affiliation: Crustacean Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Thirunavukkarasu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Muralisankar
authors.forename: Periyakali Saravana
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Bhavan
authors.forename: Subramanian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Radhakrishnan
authors.forename: Chandirasekar
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Seenivasan
authors.forename: Narasimman
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Manickam
authors.forename: Veeran
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Srinivasan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D002452:Cell Count; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004064:Digestive System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D004798:Enzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D006128:Growth / Q000187:drug effects; D006434:Hemocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D008903:Minerals / Q000032:analysis; D053758:Nanoparticles; D033541:Palaemonidae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D015032:Zinc / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004798:Enzymes; D008903:Minerals; D015032:Zinc