title: A compartmental pharmacokinetic evaluation of long-acting rilpivirine in HIV-negative volunteers for pre-exposure prophylaxis.
abstract: Rilpivirine long-acting (RPV-LA) is a parenteral formulation enabling prolonged plasma exposure. We explored its multiple-compartment pharmacokinetics (PK) after a single dose, for pre-exposure prophylaxis. Sixty-six HIV-negative volunteers were enrolled: women received an intramuscular dose of 300, 600, or 1,200 mg, with plasma and genital levels measured to 84 days postdose; men receiving 600 mg had similar PK determined in plasma and rectum. Ex vivo antiviral activity of cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) was also assessed. After a single dose, RPV concentrations peaked at days 6-8 and were present in plasma and genital-tract fluid to day 84. Vaginal and male rectal tissue levels matched those in plasma. At the 1,200 mg dose, CVL showed greater antiviral activity, above baseline, at days 28 and 56. All doses were well tolerated. All doses gave prolonged plasma and genital-tract rilpivirine exposure. PK and viral inhibition of repeated doses will be important in further dose selection.
authors.affiliation: St. Stephen's Centre, Department of HIV/Genito-Urinary Medicine, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: A G A
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Else
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA [2] Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.
authors.forename: P M M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Mesquita
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Egan
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Back
authors.affiliation: St. Stephen's Centre, Department of HIV/Genito-Urinary Medicine, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Karolia
authors.affiliation: St. Stephen's Centre, Department of HIV/Genito-Urinary Medicine, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ringner-Nackter
authors.affiliation: St. Stephen's Centre, Department of HIV/Genito-Urinary Medicine, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Higgs
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA [2] Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Herold
authors.affiliation: St. Stephen's Centre, Department of HIV/Genito-Urinary Medicine, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Gazzard
authors.affiliation: St. Stephen's Centre, Department of HIV/Genito-Urinary Medicine, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boffito
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D018023:HIV Seronegativity; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008131:London; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D009570:Nitriles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D012007:Rectum / Q000378:metabolism; D000068696:Rilpivirine; D014621:Vagina / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D009570:Nitriles; D011743:Pyrimidines; D000068696:Rilpivirine