title: Characterization of G2P[4] rotavirus strains associated with increased detection in Australian states using the RotaTeq® vaccine during the 2010-2011 surveillance period.
abstract: The introduction of rotavirus vaccines Rotarix® and RotaTeq® into the Australian National Immunisation Program in July 2007 has resulted in a dramatic decrease in the burden of rotavirus disease. G2P[4] strains became the dominant genotype Australia-wide during the 2010-2011 surveillance period and for the first time since vaccine introduction, a higher proportion were isolated in jurisdictions using RotaTeq® vaccine compared to locations using Rotarix®. Phylogenetic analysis of the VP7 gene of 32 G2P[4] strains identified six genetic clusters, these distinct clusters were also observed in the VP4 gene for a subset of 12 strains. The whole genome was determined for a representative strain of clusters; A (RVA/Human-wt/AUS/SA066/2010/G2P[4]), B (RVA/Human-wt/AUS/WAPC703/2010/G2P[4]), C (RVA/Human-wt/AUS/MON008/2010/G2P[4]) and E (RVA/Human-wt/AUS/RCH041/2010/G2P[4]). All of the strains possessed the archetypal DS-1 like genome constellation G2-P[4]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A2-N2-T2-E2-H2. Three of the strains, SA066, MON008 and WAPC703 clustered together and were distinct to RCH041 for all 11 genes. The VP7 genes of 31/32 of the strains characterized in this study possessed five conserved amino acid substitutions when compared to the G2 VP7 gene present in the RotaTeq® vaccine. Three of the substitutions were in the VP7 antigenic regions A and C, the substitutions A87T, D96N and S213D have been reported in the majority of G2P[4] strains circulating globally over the previous decade. These changes may have improved the ability of strains to circulate in settings of high vaccine use.
authors.affiliation: Enteric Virus Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia. Electronic address: celeste.donato@mcri.edu.au.
authors.forename: Celeste M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Donato
authors.affiliation: Enteric Virus Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Zheng Andrew
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Enteric Virus Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Nicole C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Donker
authors.affiliation: Enteric Virus Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Carl D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Kirkwood
mesh_terms: D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D010802:Phylogeny; D062486:Public Health Surveillance; D012401:Rotavirus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D012400:Rotavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology*; D022243:Rotavirus Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C492457:RIX4414 vaccine; D022243:Rotavirus Vaccines; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D014764:Viral Proteins
keywords: Australia; Full genome analysis; G2P[4]; RotaTeq®; Rotavirus