title: MMP-2, MMP-3, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, and TIMP-3 protein levels in human aqueous humor: relationship with axial length.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We measured the aqueous humor levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMP) TIMP-1, TIMP-2, and TIMP-3 in patients with myopia or cataract, and investigated the relationship between their levels and axial length (AL).
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured MMP/TIMPs levels with the Luminex xMAP Technology by using commercially available Milliplex xMAP Kits. A total of 65 aqueous humor samples was collected from patients with myopia or cataract during cataract or clear lens extraction surgery. According to the AL, the samples were divided into three groups: group A, AL ≤ 24 mm; group B, AL 24 to 26 mm; and group C, AL ≥ 26 mm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Levels of MMP-2, MMP-3, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, and TIMP-3 could be detected in the aqueous humor. The levels of MMP-2, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, and TIMP-3 were positively correlated with AL. The differences of the levels of these MMPs/TIMPs among the three groups were statistically significant. The MMP-3 levels were not correlated with AL and there was no significant difference in MMP-3 levels among these three groups. Levels of MMP-1 could not be detected in the aqueous humor samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elevated levels of aqueous MMP-2, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, and TIMP-3 were found in the eyes with elongated axis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: Departments of Ophthalmology and Pathology, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary, New York, New York, United States.
authors.forename: Dan-Ning
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Dongqing
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Leilei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xianqun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jibo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001082:Aqueous Humor / Q000201:enzymology*; D058452:Axial Length, Eye / Q000201:enzymology*; D002386:Cataract / Q000201:enzymology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay; D007368:Interferometry; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009216:Myopia / Q000201:enzymology*; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D019717:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-3 / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C560822:TIMP1 protein, human; C560823:TIMP2 protein, human; C088390:TIMP3 protein, human; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D019717:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-3; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2; C511768:MMP3 protein, human; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3; C522361:MMP2 protein, human; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2
keywords: MMP-1; MMP-2; MMP-3; TIMP-1; TIMP-2; TIMP-3; aqueous humor; axial length