title: Metabolomics profiling for identification of novel potential markers in early prediction of preeclampsia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The first aim was to investigate specific signature patterns of metabolites that are significantly altered in first-trimester serum of women who subsequently developed preeclampsia (PE) compared to healthy pregnancies. The second aim of this study was to examine the predictive performance of the selected metabolites for both early onset [EO-PE] and late onset PE [LO-PE].
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a case-control study of maternal serum samples collected between 8+0 and 13+6 weeks of gestation from 167 women who subsequently developed EO-PE n = 68; LO-PE n = 99 and 500 controls with uncomplicated pregnancies. Metabolomics profiling analysis was performed using two methods. One has been optimized to target eicosanoids/oxylipins, which are known inflammation markers and the other targets compounds containing a primary or secondary biogenic amine group. Logistic regression analyses were performed to predict the development of PE using metabolites alone and in combination with first trimester mean arterial pressure (MAP) measurements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two metabolites were significantly different between EO-PE and controls (taurine and asparagine) and one in case of LO-PE (glycylglycine). Taurine appeared the most discriminative biomarker and in combination with MAP predicted EO-PE with a detection rate (DR) of 55%, at a false-positive rate (FPR) of 10%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest a potential role of taurine in both PE pathophysiology and first trimester screening for EO-PE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Sylwia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuc
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Maria P H
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Koster
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Health Protection Research (GBO), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jeroen L A
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Pennings
authors.affiliation: Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Division of Analytical Biosciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; The Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hankemeier
authors.affiliation: Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Division of Analytical Biosciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; The Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ruud
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.affiliation: The Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Amy C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Harms
authors.affiliation: The Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Adrie D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Dane
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Infectious Diseases and Perinatal Screening (LIS), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Peter C J I
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Schielen
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Gerard H A
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Visser
authors.affiliation: Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Division of Analytical Biosciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; The Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Rob J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Vreeken
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011379:Prognosis; D012372:ROC Curve; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers