title: A statistical human rib cage geometry model accounting for variations by age, sex, stature and body mass index.
abstract: In this study, we developed a statistical rib cage geometry model accounting for variations by age, sex, stature and body mass index (BMI). Thorax CT scans were obtained from 89 subjects approximately evenly distributed among 8 age groups and both sexes. Threshold-based CT image segmentation was performed to extract the rib geometries, and a total of 464 landmarks on the left side of each subject׳s ribcage were collected to describe the size and shape of the rib cage as well as the cross-sectional geometry of each rib. Principal component analysis and multivariate regression analysis were conducted to predict rib cage geometry as a function of age, sex, stature, and BMI, all of which showed strong effects on rib cage geometry. Except for BMI, all parameters also showed significant effects on rib cross-sectional area using a linear mixed model. This statistical rib cage geometry model can serve as a geometric basis for developing a parametric human thorax finite element model for quantifying effects from different human attributes on thoracic injury risks.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China; University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Xiangnan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Libo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center for Ergonomics, Industrial and Operations Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.affiliation: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Jonathan D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Rupp
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Carrie N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Hoff
authors.affiliation: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. Electronic address: jwhu@umich.edu.
authors.forename: Jingwen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015992:Body Mass Index; D049628:Body Size; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012272:Ribs / Q000502:physiology*; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013909:Thorax / Q000502:physiology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Principal component analysis; Regression; Rib cage geometry; Vulnerable populations