title: Induction of ganoderic acid biosynthesis by Mn2+ in static liquid cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum.
abstract: Metal ions affect cell physiology and metabolism significantly, but the role of Mn(2+) in the secondary metabolism of mushrooms is yet unclear. In static liquid cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum for producing antitumor ganoderic acids (GAs), the Mn(2+) addition was performed. Addition of 10 mM Mn(2+) at the start of the static liquid cultivation resulted in 2.2-fold improvement of total GAs production. The expression levels of GA biosynthetic and Ca(2+) sensors' genes were up-regulated with Mn(2+) induction while down-regulated by adding cyclosporin A (calcineurin inhibitor), suggesting that higher GA production might result from calcineurin signal regulation. Intracellular Ca(2+) imaging and calcineurin inhibitor study revealed that addition of Mn(2+) led to Ca(2+) influx from medium to the cells to trigger calcineurin signals. Mn(2+) addition was therefore an efficient induction strategy for improving GAs production, whose regulation mechanism was via calcineurin signaling transduction.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and Laboratory of Molecular Biochemical Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong-Chuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China.
authors.forename: Yi-Ning
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Xiao-Xia
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Jian-Jiang
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Zhong
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002413:Cations, Divalent / Q000378:metabolism*; D008345:Manganese / Q000378:metabolism*; D020940:Reishi / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002413:Cations, Divalent; D014315:Triterpenes; C556862:ganoderic acid; D008345:Manganese; D002118:Calcium
keywords: Ganoderma lucidum; antitumor triterpenoid; calcineurin signal; medicinal mushroom fermentation; secondary metabolism