title: Was low CO2 a driving force of C4 evolution: Arabidopsis responses to long-term low CO2 stress.
abstract: The responses of long-term growth of plants under elevated CO2 have been studied extensively. Comparatively, the responses of plants to subambient CO2 concentrations have not been well studied. This study aims to investigate the responses of the model C3 plant, Arabidopsis thaliana, to low CO2 at the molecular level. Results showed that low CO2 dramatically decreased biomass productivity, together with delayed flowering and increased stomatal density. Furthermore, alteration of thylakoid stacking in both bundle sheath and mesophyll cells, upregulation of PEPC and PEPC-K together with altered expression of a number of regulators known involved in photosynthesis development were observed. These responses to low CO2 are discussed with regard to the fitness of C3 plants under low CO2. This work also briefly discusses the relevance of the data to C4 photosynthesis evolution.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice Research, Shanghai Institute of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China Key Laboratory of Computational Biology and Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
authors.forename: Yuanyuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice Research, Shanghai Institute of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China Key Laboratory of Computational Biology and Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
authors.forename: Jiajia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Computational Biology and Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
authors.forename: Noor Ul
authors.initials: NU
authors.lastname: Haq
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Computational Biology and Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice Research, Shanghai Institute of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China Key Laboratory of Computational Biology and Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China zhuxinguang@picb.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Xin-Guang
authors.initials: XG
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005075:Biological Evolution; D018533:Biomass; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D019069:Cell Respiration; D002736:Chloroplasts / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D008027:Light; D010788:Photosynthesis; D054046:Plant Stomata / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D058526:Plant Vascular Bundle / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D036226:Seedlings / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide
keywords: Arabidopsis; C4 photosynthesis; evolution; low CO2; photorespiration; stress responses.