title: The evolution of insecticide resistance in the peach potato aphid, Myzus persicae.
abstract: The peach potato aphid, Myzus persicae is a globally distributed crop pest with a host range of over 400 species including many economically important crop plants. The intensive use of insecticides to control this species over many years has led to populations that are now resistant to several classes of insecticide. Work spanning over 40 years has shown that M. persicae has a remarkable ability to evolve mechanisms that avoid or overcome the toxic effect of insecticides with at least seven independent mechanisms of resistance described in this species to date. The array of novel resistance mechanisms, including several 'first examples', that have evolved in this species represents an important case study for the evolution of insecticide resistance and also rapid adaptive change in insects more generally. In this review we summarise the biochemical and molecular mechanisms underlying resistance in M. persicae and the insights study of this topic has provided on how resistance evolves, the selectivity of insecticides, and the link between resistance and host plant adaptation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK. Electronic address: chris.bass@rothamsted.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bass
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK.
authors.forename: Alin M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Puinean
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK.
authors.forename: Christoph T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Zimmer
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK.
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Denholm
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK.
authors.forename: Linda M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Field
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK.
authors.forename: Stephen P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.affiliation: Bayer CropScience AG, Research Technologies, D40789 Monheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gutbrod
authors.affiliation: Bayer CropScience AG, Pest Control Biology, D40789 Monheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nauen
authors.affiliation: Syngenta Crop Protection, Werk Stein, Schaffhauserstrasse, Stein CH4332, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Russell
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Slater
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK.
authors.forename: Martin S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Williamson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001042:Aphids / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics*; D005075:Biological Evolution; D007305:Insecticide Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides
keywords: Acetylcholinesterase; Esterase; Myzus persicae; Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor; P450; Voltage-gated sodium channel