title: Cytoplasmic effects on DNA methylation between male sterile lines and the maintainer in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).
abstract: Male sterile cytoplasm plays an important role in hybrid wheat, and three-line system including male sterile (A line), its maintainer (B line) and restoring (R line) has played a major role in wheat hybrid production. It is well known that DNA methylation plays an important role in gene expression regulation during biological development in wheat. However, no reports are available on DNA methylation affected by different male sterile cytoplasms in hybrid wheat. We employed a methylation-sensitive amplified polymorphism technique to characterize nuclear DNA methylation in three male sterile cytoplasms. A and B lines share the same nucleus, but have different cytoplasms which is male sterile for the A and fertile for the B. The results revealed a relationship of DNA methylation at these sites specifically with male sterile cytoplasms, as well as male sterility, since the only difference between the A lines and B line was the cytoplasm. The DNA methylation was markedly affected by male sterile cytoplasms. K-type cytoplasm affected the methylation to a much greater degree than T-type and S-type cytoplasms, as indicated by the ratio of methylated sites, ratio of fully methylated sites, and polymorphism between A lines and B line for these cytoplasms. The genetic distance between the cytoplasm and nucleus for the K-type is much greater than for the T- and S-types because the former is between Aegilops genus and Triticum genus and the latter is within Triticum genus between Triticum spelta and Triticum timopheevii species. Thus, this difference in genetic distance may be responsible for the variation in methylation that we observed.
authors.affiliation: Northwest A&F University, National Yangling Agricultural Biotechnology & Breeding Center, Yangling Branch of State Wheat Improvement Centre, Wheat Breeding Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis of Shaanxi Province, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China.
authors.forename: Qingsong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ba
authors.affiliation: Northwest A&F University, National Yangling Agricultural Biotechnology & Breeding Center, Yangling Branch of State Wheat Improvement Centre, Wheat Breeding Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis of Shaanxi Province, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China. Electronic address: zhanggsh58@aliyun.com.
authors.forename: Gaisheng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Northwest A&F University, National Yangling Agricultural Biotechnology & Breeding Center, Yangling Branch of State Wheat Improvement Centre, Wheat Breeding Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis of Shaanxi Province, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China.
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.affiliation: Northwest A&F University, National Yangling Agricultural Biotechnology & Breeding Center, Yangling Branch of State Wheat Improvement Centre, Wheat Breeding Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis of Shaanxi Province, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China.
authors.forename: Shoucai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Northwest A&F University, National Yangling Agricultural Biotechnology & Breeding Center, Yangling Branch of State Wheat Improvement Centre, Wheat Breeding Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis of Shaanxi Province, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China.
authors.forename: Junwei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000235:genetics; D002678:Chimera; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000502:physiology*; D019175:DNA Methylation; D018744:DNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics*; D005298:Fertility; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D014644:Genetic Variation; D014908:Triticum / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D018744:DNA, Plant
keywords: DNA methylation; Hybrid wheat; MSAP; Male sterile cytoplasm