title: Phylogeny of Mycoplasma bovis isolates from Hungary based on multi locus sequence typing and multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mycoplasma bovis is an important pathogen causing pneumonia, mastitis and arthritis in cattle worldwide. As this agent is primarily transmitted by direct contact and spread through animal movements, efficient genotyping systems are essential for the monitoring of the disease and for epidemiological investigations. The aim of this study was to compare and evaluate the multi locus sequence typing (MLST) and the multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat (VNTR) analysis (MLVA) through the genetic characterization of M. bovis isolates from Hungary.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty one Hungarian M. bovis isolates grouped into two clades by MLST. Two strains had the same sequence type (ST) as reference strain PG45, while the other twenty nine Hungarian isolates formed a novel clade comprising five subclades. Isolates originating from the same herds had the same STs except for one case. The same isolates formed two main clades and several subclades and branches by MLVA. One clade contained the reference strain PG45 and three isolates, while the other main clade comprised the rest of the strains. Within-herd strain divergence was also detected by MLVA. Little congruence was found between the results of the two typing systems.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MLST is generally considered an intermediate scale typing method and it was found to be discriminatory among the Hungarian M. bovis isolates. MLVA proved to be an appropriate fine scale typing tool for M. bovis as this method was able to distinguish closely related strains isolated from the same farm. We recommend the combined use of the two methods for the genotyping of M. bovis isolates. Strains have to be characterized first by MLST followed by the fine scale typing of identical STs with MLVA.
authors.forename: Kinga M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Sulyok
authors.forename: Zsuzsa
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kreizinger
authors.forename: Lilla
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fekete
authors.forename: Szilárd
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jánosi
authors.forename: Nóra
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Schweitzer
authors.forename: Ibolya
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Turcsányi
authors.forename: László
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Makrai
authors.forename: Károly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Erdélyi
authors.affiliation: Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungária körút 21, Budapest 1143, Hungary. m.gyuranecz@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Miklós
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gyuranecz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006814:Hungary / Q000453:epidemiology; D018598:Minisatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics*; D058885:Multilocus Sequence Typing / Q000379:methods*; D045682:Mycoplasma bovis / Q000235:genetics*; D010802:Phylogeny; D014380:Tuberculosis, Bovine / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*