title: Urbanization as a determinant of health: a socioepidemiological perspective.
abstract: Urbanization is a process that leads to the growth of cities due to industrialization and economic development and that leads to urban-specific changes. Urbanization is associated with profound changes in diet and exercise that in turn increase the prevalence of obesity with attendant increases in risk of type II diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The growing burden of disease among vulnerable populations and pervasive socioeconomic inequities within urban systems exaggerates the adverse impacts of urbanization on health. More than one half of children younger than age 5 of urban poor are stunted and/or underweight. More than one half of the child births occur at home, in slums, putting the life of the mother and newborn in serious risk. Inadequate reach of services due to illegality, social exclusion of slums, hidden slum pockets, and weak social fabric have resulted in a rapid proliferation of the unqualified private health sector, leading to high health expenditures and continuing a vicious cycle of poverty and ill health in urban slums.
authors.affiliation: a School of Public Health, SRM University , Chennai , India.
authors.forename: Rajan R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Patil
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D003441:Crowding; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D014943:Global Health; D005102:Health Expenditures; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D054625:Healthcare Disparities / Q000191:economics / Q000592:standards*; D006798:Housing / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D011204:Poverty Areas; D011634:Public Health / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D012307:Risk Factors; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D012924:Social Conditions / Q000639:trends; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014171:Transients and Migrants; D014507:Urbanization / Q000639:trends; D035862:Vulnerable Populations / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018505:Waste Management / Q000592:standards
keywords: Urban health; health effects