title: Beliefs about depression--do affliction and treatment experience matter? Results of a population survey from Germany.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is not much known about the associations of beliefs about depression (depression literacy) with a history of depression and treatment experience.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analyses were based on a telephone survey in two large German cities (Hamburg and Munich). Written vignettes with typical signs and symptoms suggestive of a depression were presented to 1293 respondents. Respondents were then asked about beliefs about causes, symptoms, prevalence, and treatment using a standardized questionnaire. For the analysis respondents were divided into three groups: (1) people who never had a depression, (2) people who had a depression but were not treated and (3) people with treatment experience.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Respondents with experience in treatment for depression were more likely to correctly recognize the disorder, to positively evaluate treatability and to favor external factors (adverse conditions in childhood and psychosocial stress) as potential causes of depression compared to those who never were afflicted. There were no significant differences between these two groups regarding beliefs about the effectiveness of treatment options. There were only few significant differences in depression literacy between respondents who have a history of depression but have not sought help and those who never were afflicted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The three groups were constituted on the basis of respondents׳ self-reports, not medical diagnoses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings only partly support the general assumption that being afflicted and having sought help is associated with beliefs closer to those of professionals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sociology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany. Electronic address: emnich@uke.de.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mnich
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sociology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Anna Christin
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Makowski
authors.affiliation: Psychosis Centre, Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lambert
authors.affiliation: Center for Public Mental Health, Untere Zeile 13, 3482 Gösing am Wagram, Austria.
authors.forename: Matthias C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Angermeyer
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sociology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Olaf von dem
authors.initials: Ov
authors.lastname: Knesebeck
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001294:Attitude to Health; D003469:Culture; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006379:Helping Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Beliefs about depression; Depression literacy; History of depression; Treatment experience