title: Esthetic outcome of implant-based reconstructions in augmented bone: comparison of autologous and allogeneic bone block grafting with the pink esthetic score (PES).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To determine the esthetic outcome of implant-based reconstructions after autologous and allogeneic bone grafting.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 2003 to 2009, 67 patients underwent alveolar ridge augmentation and were enrolled in the study, 41 meet the inclusion criteria and 31 agreed to take part in the study. Patients were 18-69 years old (mean: 49.3 ± 13.8 years), and predominantly female. Patients received bone block grafts either autologous (n = 48) (AUBB) or allografts (ABB) (n = 19). Implants were inserted 4-7 months (autografts) or 5-6 months (allografts) after bone grafting. The Pink Esthetic Score (PES) as well as radiographic and subjective assessments were employed for the outcome analysis. The PES was assessed twice within one month based on digital photographic images that were randomly rearranged between evaluations by three independent, experienced investigators.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Across all observations and investigators, the average PES was 7.5 ± 2.6 without differences between implants inserted in auto- and allografted bone, respectively. Patients assessed the allograft procedures as less painful and would have repeated it more often. The intra-rater reliability was excellent (correlation coefficients 0.7-0.9). The inter-observer agreement was lower (correlation coefficients 0.6-0.8).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bone grafting with ABB allografts yields equivalent results to autologous grafting, and patients appreciate the omission of bone harvesting. The PES is a reliable method but should be performed by the same individual.
authors.affiliation: Private practice for implantology and periodontology, Forchheim, Germany, Johan Wolfgang Goethe University, Bayreuther Strasse 39, 91301 Frankfurt, Germany. markus.schlee@32schoenezaehne.de.
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schlee
authors.forename: Jan-Friedrich
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Dehner
authors.forename: Katja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Baukloh
authors.forename: Arndt
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Happe
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Seitz
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sader
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D064591:Allografts; D064592:Autografts; D001862:Bone Resorption; D016025:Bone Transplantation; D015921:Dental Implants; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants