title: Genetics of type 2 diabetes: insights into the pathogenesis and its clinical application.
abstract: With rapidly increasing prevalence, diabetes has become one of the major causes of mortality worldwide. According to the latest studies, genetic information makes substantial contributions towards the prediction of diabetes risk and individualized antidiabetic treatment. To date, approximately 70 susceptibility genes have been identified as being associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) at a genome-wide significant level (P < 5 × 10(-8)). However, all the genetic loci identified so far account for only about 10% of the overall heritability of T2D. In addition, how these novel susceptibility loci correlate with the pathophysiology of the disease remains largely unknown. This review covers the major genetic studies on the risk of T2D based on ethnicity and briefly discusses the potential mechanisms and clinical utility of the genetic information underlying T2D.
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.
authors.forename: Xue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Wenzhou Medical University Affiliated First Hospital, Wenzhou 325000, China.
authors.forename: Weihui
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China ; Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, South Branch, Shanghai 200233, China.
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D056426:Genetic Loci; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D010597:Pharmacogenetics; D012106:Research / Q000639:trends